WO2020047684A1 - Device and system for three-dimensional vibration insulation - Google Patents
Device and system for three-dimensional vibration insulation Download PDFInfo
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- WO2020047684A1 WO2020047684A1 PCT/CL2018/050080 CL2018050080W WO2020047684A1 WO 2020047684 A1 WO2020047684 A1 WO 2020047684A1 CL 2018050080 W CL2018050080 W CL 2018050080W WO 2020047684 A1 WO2020047684 A1 WO 2020047684A1
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01D—CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
- E01D19/00—Structural or constructional details of bridges
- E01D19/04—Bearings; Hinges
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
- E04B1/92—Protection against other undesired influences or dangers
- E04B1/98—Protection against other undesired influences or dangers against vibrations or shocks; against mechanical destruction, e.g. by air-raids
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F15/00—Suppression of vibrations in systems; Means or arrangements for avoiding or reducing out-of-balance forces, e.g. due to motion
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F15/00—Suppression of vibrations in systems; Means or arrangements for avoiding or reducing out-of-balance forces, e.g. due to motion
- F16F15/02—Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F15/00—Suppression of vibrations in systems; Means or arrangements for avoiding or reducing out-of-balance forces, e.g. due to motion
- F16F15/02—Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems
- F16F15/04—Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems using elastic means
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F15/00—Suppression of vibrations in systems; Means or arrangements for avoiding or reducing out-of-balance forces, e.g. due to motion
- F16F15/02—Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems
- F16F15/04—Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems using elastic means
- F16F15/08—Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems using elastic means with rubber springs ; with springs made of rubber and metal
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F7/00—Vibration-dampers; Shock-absorbers
- F16F7/02—Vibration-dampers; Shock-absorbers with relatively-rotatable friction surfaces that are pressed together
- F16F7/04—Vibration-dampers; Shock-absorbers with relatively-rotatable friction surfaces that are pressed together in the direction of the axis of rotation
Definitions
- the present invention refers to a device for the three-dimensional isolation of vibrations between structures and industrial equipment in general and the ground or its foundations and more specifically for the three-dimensional isolation of vibrations of small, medium or high intensity and to be used in conjunction with other similar devices, thus forming a three-dimensional vibration isolation system.
- the most common three-dimensional (3D) vibration isolation devices that exist to protect industrial structures and equipment from earthquakes and other small, medium and high-intensity vibrations comprise a central element that works in compression and absorbs vertical vibrations combined with one or more Auxiliary mechanisms that provide insulation in the two horizontal directions.
- JPH10280660A has as its main elements an air spring between an upper plate connected to the floor of an insulation floor and a lower plate connected to foundations through a mounting plate and a pair friction dampers.
- the air spring has inside, approximately in the center, a rubber block that regulates the lower limit position of the upper plate.
- Friction dampers consist of two articulated arms arranged on either side of the spring and having adjustable friction pads on the joint.
- the bottom plate is supported by a flat bearing that is movable in two dimensions along the surface of the mounting plate, preventing the device from deforming under horizontal loads.
- the device is designed to be part of a system with other equivalent devices distributed on the insulation floor to absorb vertical vibrations in combination with a number of compression and tension springs arranged between the insulation floor and foundations to absorb deformations or horizontal efforts.
- vibration isolators that integrate the elements that allow efforts or deformations to be absorbed in all the directions and not only vertically.
- An example is the vibration isolator for an electrical connection panel disclosed in patent KR10708215B1.
- the vibration isolator comprises a central spring arranged between an upper plate and a lower plate, the upper plate being attached to an upper base which is in turn attached to the lower part of the electrical panel and the lower plate being attached to a lower base in contact with the ground.
- the vibration isolator comprises a flexible bar through the center of the spring, in which both the central spring and the flexible bar absorb shocks when the ground vibrates vertically and, in turn, flex elastically to allow tension springs (they can be three, four or more), arranged at an angle between the upper plate and the lower plate and articulated at their ends, damp the horizontal and vertical vibrations of the floor transmitted to the electrical panel and restore it to its original position. Due to its spring-based construction, it does not have an energy dissipation mechanism in itself.
- Another integrated 3D vibration isolator is that of Chilean invention patent No. 52,267 (Almazán et al.), which is characterized by being formed by a frame of six metal plates connected by hinges that form a hexagonal frame, with a horizontal upper plate attached to a connecting element attached above to the structure or equipment, a lower plate attached to the foundations and a pair of lateral plates inclined on each side that guide the vertical movement of the upper plate due to the weight characteristic of the structure and vibrations and at the same time of restriction to movements in the longitudinal axis and twists in the transverse axis, the device also having at least one spring that limits the relative movement between the plates and provides the rigidity of the device and at least one energy sink that dampens the relative movement of the plates.
- the connecting element is pivotable with respect to an axis of rotation of direction parallel to the transverse axis of the device, the transverse axis being defined as the horizontal axis perpendicular to the hinges.
- the restriction of rotation around the vertical axis is provided by fixing the bottom plate to the foundations of the structure or equipment
- the Almazán et al. It is designed to configure a system that gathers a set of devices for three-dimensional isolation of vibrations in respective discrete supports of an industrial equipment or structure, it being enough that the structure to be isolated has 3 or more discrete supports, and that each device is oriented so that the transverse axes of each one converge to the vertical axis that crosses the center of gravity of the structure, thereby achieving isolation both vertically and laterally. It has the advantage that it takes up little space and has a high power dissipation and vertical deformation capacity (up to 300 mm) at a low cost. However, it suffers from a series of limitations: • the deformation capacity is limited by allowable tension of the spring steel;
- the present invention consists of a device for the three-dimensional (3D) isolation of vibrations between structures or industrial equipment in general and the ground or its foundations, comprising an articulated hexagonal metal frame formed by an upper plate for anchoring to the structure or equipment, a bottom support plate on the ground or foundations and at least one pair of articulated and oppositely inclined arms on each side.
- an articulated hexagonal metal frame formed by an upper plate for anchoring to the structure or equipment, a bottom support plate on the ground or foundations and at least one pair of articulated and oppositely inclined arms on each side.
- one or more vertical compression elastomeric rings are arranged centrally and vertically in series confined between the upper plate and a vertical cylindrical tube that serves as a lower support for the elastomeric ring (s) as a whole and that is attached to the bottom plate.
- each elastomeric traction band is hooked on, and pre-tensioned between, a pair of articulated and oppositely inclined arms on each side of the framework.
- the device further comprises a central guide bar of a predetermined length less than the gap between the top plate and the bottom plate, which has one end attached to the top plate, passes through the interior of the vertical compression elastomeric ring (s) and through the The opposite end is inserted unrestrictedly into a flexible ring bushing that is fixedly inserted into the vertical cylindrical tube.
- the device is combined with at least two other equivalent devices to form a 3D vibration isolation system made up of at least three non-aligned devices arranged on respective discrete supports of the industrial structure or equipment. isolate.
- Vertical compression elastomeric rings may have metal plates between the rings.
- the device admits different combinations of them, depending on the desired performance, the weight of the structure or equipment to be supported and the number of devices that make up the system.
- the device has only one pair of elastomeric traction bands, the bands respectively located in front of and behind the hexagonal metal frame hooked on, and pre-tensioned between, a pair of articulated and oppositely inclined arms on each side of the frame.
- the device could also have two or more pairs of articulated and oppositely inclined arms per side and the elastomeric traction bands being hooked on one or more of said pairs of arms per side, in order to increase the rigidity of the assembly before more structures heavy.
- the supports for the elastomeric traction bands can be extensions of the articulation axes of the oppositely inclined pairs of articulated arms or metal bars orthogonally attached to the arms.
- the different components of the device are assembled in such a way that it works as a vertically flexible and laterally rigid support, thus generating a rotation-based three-dimensional isolation mechanism (rocking), where the central guide bar slides inside the flexible bushing void in response to vertical vibration and then return, giving the device vertical restoring force.
- the guide bar also prevents buckling of the elastomeric ring or rings and acts by supporting the cutting effort.
- the flexible ring bushing can be an elastomeric bushing or a polymeric bushing and allows the upper plate to rotate avoiding the need to materialize an external ball joint.
- the invention serves both to isolate from small high-frequency vibrations and to isolate from large vibrations produced by intense earthquakes.
- the device of the invention can be used in conjunction with other devices that are the same as a vibration isolation system in various equipment that requires it, having the advantage of also providing protection during seismic events.
- Chiptrifugal Liquid Chiller Large mass and cost air conditioning equipment (“Centrifugal Liquid Chiller”), generally located on upper floors of buildings where ground accelerations are amplified.
- the device of the invention can be used in conjunction with other similar devices as a low cost seismic isolator for industrial structures such as: • Thin-walled stainless steel tanks with legs for storing wine or other substances
- Figure 1 represents a perspective view of an embodiment of the three-dimensional vibration isolation device of Chilean invention patent No. 52,267 (Almazán et al.), which constitutes the prior art closest to the invention.
- Figure 2 represents a perspective view of an embodiment of the three-dimensional vibration isolation device of the invention.
- Figure 3 represents an exploded perspective view of the device of Figure 2, showing the different elements that compose it.
- Figures 4.1 and 4.2 represent front elevation views of the three-dimensional vibration isolation device of Figure 2 under two conditions, respectively, one normal (without applied loads) and the other deformed under the simultaneous action of the proper weight of the structure or equipment and loads due to vertical and horizontal vibrations, the latter in the lateral direction of the device or, what is the same, in the (frontal) plane of the figure.
- Figures 5.1 and 5.2 represent side views of the three-dimensional vibration isolation device of Figure 2 in the same two situations as in Figures 4.1 and 4.2 but in which the horizontal vibrations are in the front-to-back direction or, which is the same , in the (lateral) plane of the figure.
- Figure 6 represents an example of application of the three-dimensional vibration isolation device of the invention mounted under the four legs of a liquid container tank.
- the three-dimensional vibration isolation device of Chilean invention patent No. 52,267 (Almazán et al.), which constitutes the closest prior art to the invention, is characterized first by comprising an isolation mechanism consisting of: i) a frame of six metal plates, one upper (1) horizontal, one lower (2) horizontal and two pairs of inclined side plates (3) on each side, in which the plates are connected by means of hinges ( 4); ii) a vertical direction primary compression spring (5) centered between the upper and lower plates and horizontal direction secondary tension springs (6) extending between the side plates on either side of the device; and iii) a vertically directed frictional hysteretic energy sink (7) located within the vertical spring between the top and bottom plates.
- an isolation mechanism consisting of: i) a frame of six metal plates, one upper (1) horizontal, one lower (2) horizontal and two pairs of inclined side plates (3) on each side, in which the plates are connected by means of hinges ( 4); ii) a vertical direction primary compression spring (5) centered between the upper and lower plates and
- the primary spring is in charge of providing the basic stability of the device and providing the necessary flexibility so that the device can function as a vibration isolator and the secondary springs are in charge of controlling the deformation by its own weight.
- this device of Figure 1 comprises a connecting element (8) between the isolation mechanism and the structure or equipment, arranged on the upper plate (1) pivotably with respect to a direction of rotation axis parallel to the transverse axis ( T) of the device and consisting of a support platform (8a) pivotably connected to the top plate (1) by an axis (8b) supported on a pair of supports (8c).
- the vertical (V) and longitudinal (L) axes of the device mentioned above are also indicated.
- Figures 2 and 3 show an embodiment of the three-dimensional vibration isolation device (10) of the invention where the articulated hexagonal metal frame formed by an upper plate (20), in this case circular, a lower plate ( 30), also circular, and a pair of oppositely inclined articulated arms (90) on each side, all joined by flat joints (120).
- an upper plate (20) in this case circular
- a lower plate ( 30) also circular
- a pair of oppositely inclined articulated arms (90) on each side all joined by flat joints (120).
- a vertical compression elastomeric ring 40
- a cylindrical support tube (80) that is attached to the lower plate and has an annular flexible bushing (70) inserted inside it .
- the vertical compression elastomeric ring is confined upperly by the upper plate (20) and lowerly by a flange (100) protruding orthogonally from the upper edge of the cylindrical tube (80) and serving as a support platform for the ring.
- Two pairs of horizontal elastomeric traction bands (50) extend between the pair of oppositely inclined arms (90) that make up either side of the hexagonal metal frame, so that one pair extends in front of the frame and the other behind of the frame and they are hooked on its internal face by metal bars (1 10) attached orthogonally to each arm and tightened.
- Figures in Figures 4.1 and 4.2 show front elevation views of the device of the invention in the non-deformed (Fig. 4.1) and deformed (Fig. 4.2) state. It can be seen that when the device is deformed, the vertical elastomeric compression ring (40) compresses due to the effect of a vertical force, increasing its cross section and in turn allowing the upper plate (20) to rotate due to the effect of a force on the horizontal direction. For its part, the horizontal elastomeric traction bands (50) lengthen, reducing their cross section.
- top plate (20) can rotate in the (front) plane of the figure due to three factors: (i) the flexural deformability of the vertical compression elastomeric ring (40); (ii) the flexural deformability of the annular flexible bushing (70); and (iii) the rotational capacity in the frontal plane of the joints (120).
- Figures 5.1 and 5.2 show a side elevation view of the device in the non-deformed (Fig. 5.1) and deformed (Fig. 5.2) state, in which when the device is deformed and, as in Fig. 4.2, the vertical elastomeric compression ring (40) is compressed by the effect of a vertical force and the upper plate (20) is rotated by the effect of a force in the horizontal direction.
- the top plate (20) can rotate in the (lateral) plane of the figure due to three factors: (i) the flexural flexibility of the vertical compression elastomeric ring (40); (ii) the flexural flexibility of the annular flexible bushing (70); and (iii) the existing mechanical play in the joints (120).
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Abstract
The invention relates to a device for three-dimensional vibration insulation between structures or equipment and the foundations thereof, which comprises: a hinged hexagonal metallic frame formed by an upper plate for anchoring to the structure; a lower plate for supporting on the foundations and at least one pair of hinged arms oppositely inclined at each side; one or more vertical elastomer compression rings in series, confined between the upper plate and a vertical cylindrical support tube joined to the lower plate; at least one pair of elastomer traction bands in front of and behind the frame, which are fastened on, and pre-tensioned between, a pair of the hinged arms on each side; and a central guide bar joined to the upper plate and unrestrictedly inserted into a flexible annular bushing inserted into the cylindrical tube. Three or more devices combined in a structure form a three-dimensional vibration insulation system.
Description
DISPOSITIVO Y SISTEMA PARA LA AISLACION TRIDIMENSIONAL DE VIBRACIONES DEVICE AND SYSTEM FOR THREE-DIMENSIONAL VIBRATION INSULATION
CAMPO DE LA INVENCION FIELD OF THE INVENTION
La presente invención se refiere a un dispositivo para la aislación tridimensional de vibraciones entre estructuras y equipamiento industrial en general y el suelo o sus fundaciones y más específicamente para la aislación tridimensional de vibraciones de pequeña, mediana o gran intensidad y para ser usado en conjunto con otros dispositivos semejantes, conformando así un sistema de aislación tridimensional de vibraciones. The present invention refers to a device for the three-dimensional isolation of vibrations between structures and industrial equipment in general and the ground or its foundations and more specifically for the three-dimensional isolation of vibrations of small, medium or high intensity and to be used in conjunction with other similar devices, thus forming a three-dimensional vibration isolation system.
ESTADO DE LA TECNICA STATE OF THE ART
Los dispositivos de aislación tridimensional (3D) de vibraciones más comunes que existen para proteger las estructuras y equipos industriales de sismos y otras vibraciones de pequeña, mediana y gran intensidad comprenden un elemento central que trabaja en compresión y absorbe vibraciones verticales combinado con uno o más mecanismos auxiliares que proveen aislación en las dos direcciones horizontales. The most common three-dimensional (3D) vibration isolation devices that exist to protect industrial structures and equipment from earthquakes and other small, medium and high-intensity vibrations comprise a central element that works in compression and absorbs vertical vibrations combined with one or more Auxiliary mechanisms that provide insulation in the two horizontal directions.
Un ejemplo es el aislador sísmico de base divulgado en el documento JPH10280660A posee como elementos principales un resorte de aire entre una placa superior conectada al piso de un piso de aislación y una placa inferior conectada a fundaciones a través de una placa de montaje y un par de amortiguadores de fricción. El resorte de aire tiene en su interior, aproximadamente al centro, un bloque de goma que regula la posición límite inferior de la placa superior. Los amortiguadores de fricción consisten en dos brazos articulados dispuestos a uno y otro lado del resorte y teniendo almohadillas de fricción regulables en la articulación. Además, la placa inferior se apoya en un rodamiento plano que es movible en dos dimensiones a lo largo de la superficie de la placa de montaje, evitando que el dispositivo se deforme bajo cargas horizontales. El dispositivo está diseñado para formar parte de un sistema con otros dispositivos equivalentes distribuidos en el piso de aislación para absorber las vibraciones verticales en combinación con un número de resortes de compresión y de tensión dispuestos entre el piso de aislación y las fundaciones para absorber las deformaciones o esfuerzos en sentido horizontal. An example is the base seismic isolator disclosed in JPH10280660A has as its main elements an air spring between an upper plate connected to the floor of an insulation floor and a lower plate connected to foundations through a mounting plate and a pair friction dampers. The air spring has inside, approximately in the center, a rubber block that regulates the lower limit position of the upper plate. Friction dampers consist of two articulated arms arranged on either side of the spring and having adjustable friction pads on the joint. In addition, the bottom plate is supported by a flat bearing that is movable in two dimensions along the surface of the mounting plate, preventing the device from deforming under horizontal loads. The device is designed to be part of a system with other equivalent devices distributed on the insulation floor to absorb vertical vibrations in combination with a number of compression and tension springs arranged between the insulation floor and foundations to absorb deformations or horizontal efforts.
También existen algunos aisladores 3D de vibraciones que integran en el mismo dispositivo los elementos que permiten absorber esfuerzos o deformaciones en todas las
direcciones y no solo en sentido vertical. Un ejemplo lo constituye el aislador de vibraciones para un panel de conexiones eléctricas divulgado en la patente KR10708215B1 . El aislador de vibraciones comprende un resorte central dispuesto entre una placa superior y una placa inferior, la placa superior estando fijada a una base superior que está a su vez fijada a la parte inferior del panel eléctrico y la placa inferior estando fijada a una base inferior en contacto con el suelo. Además, el aislador de vibraciones comprende una barra flexible por el centro del resorte, en que, ambos, el resorte central y la barra flexible, absorben los impactos cuando el suelo vibra verticalmente y a su vez se doblan elásticamente para permitir que unos resortes de tensión (pueden ser tres, cuatro o más), dispuestos inclinados entre la placa superior y la placa inferior y articulados en sus extremos, amortigüen las vibraciones horizontales y verticales del suelo transmitidas al panel eléctrico y restablezcan éste a su posición original. Por su construcción basada en resortes no posee en sí mismo mecanismo de disipación de energía. There are also some 3D vibration isolators that integrate the elements that allow efforts or deformations to be absorbed in all the directions and not only vertically. An example is the vibration isolator for an electrical connection panel disclosed in patent KR10708215B1. The vibration isolator comprises a central spring arranged between an upper plate and a lower plate, the upper plate being attached to an upper base which is in turn attached to the lower part of the electrical panel and the lower plate being attached to a lower base in contact with the ground. In addition, the vibration isolator comprises a flexible bar through the center of the spring, in which both the central spring and the flexible bar absorb shocks when the ground vibrates vertically and, in turn, flex elastically to allow tension springs (they can be three, four or more), arranged at an angle between the upper plate and the lower plate and articulated at their ends, damp the horizontal and vertical vibrations of the floor transmitted to the electrical panel and restore it to its original position. Due to its spring-based construction, it does not have an energy dissipation mechanism in itself.
Otro aislador 3D de vibraciones integrado es el de la patente de invención chilena N° 52.267 (Almazán et al.), el cual se caracteriza por estar formado por un armazón de seis placas metálicas conectadas por medio de bisagras que forman un marco hexagonal, con una placa superior horizontal unida a un elemento conector fijado por arriba a la estructura o equipo, una placa inferior fijada a las fundaciones y un par de placas laterales inclinadas a cada lado que sirven de guía al desplazamiento vertical de la placa superior por efecto del peso propio de la estructura y las vibraciones y a su vez de restricción a desplazamientos en eje longitudinal y giros en el eje transversal, teniendo además el dispositivo al menos un resorte que limita el movimiento relativo entre las placas y proveen la rigidez del dispositivo y al menos un disipador de energía que amortigua el movimiento relativo de las placas. El elemento conector es pivotable respecto a un eje de giro de dirección paralela al eje transversal del dispositivo, el eje transversal estando definido como el eje horizontal perpendicular a las bisagras. La restricción de rotación en torno al eje vertical es provista por la fijación de la placa inferior a las fundaciones de la estructura o equipo Another integrated 3D vibration isolator is that of Chilean invention patent No. 52,267 (Almazán et al.), Which is characterized by being formed by a frame of six metal plates connected by hinges that form a hexagonal frame, with a horizontal upper plate attached to a connecting element attached above to the structure or equipment, a lower plate attached to the foundations and a pair of lateral plates inclined on each side that guide the vertical movement of the upper plate due to the weight characteristic of the structure and vibrations and at the same time of restriction to movements in the longitudinal axis and twists in the transverse axis, the device also having at least one spring that limits the relative movement between the plates and provides the rigidity of the device and at least one energy sink that dampens the relative movement of the plates. The connecting element is pivotable with respect to an axis of rotation of direction parallel to the transverse axis of the device, the transverse axis being defined as the horizontal axis perpendicular to the hinges. The restriction of rotation around the vertical axis is provided by fixing the bottom plate to the foundations of the structure or equipment
El dispositivo de Almazán et al. está diseñado para configurar un sistema que reúne un conjunto de dispositivos para aislación tridimensional de vibraciones en respectivos apoyos discretos de un equipo industrial o estructura, bastando que la estructura a aislar tenga 3 o más apoyos discretos, y que cada dispositivo se oriente de manera que los ejes transversales de cada uno converja al eje vertical que atraviesa el centro de gravedad de la estructura, logrando con ello una aislación tanto en sentido vertical como lateral. Tiene la ventaja de que ocupa poco espacio y posee una alta capacidad de disipación de energía y de deformación vertical (de hasta 300 mm) a un bajo costo. Sin embargo, adolece de una serie de limitaciones:
• la capacidad de deformación está limitada por tensión admisible del acero de los resortes; The Almazán et al. It is designed to configure a system that gathers a set of devices for three-dimensional isolation of vibrations in respective discrete supports of an industrial equipment or structure, it being enough that the structure to be isolated has 3 or more discrete supports, and that each device is oriented so that the transverse axes of each one converge to the vertical axis that crosses the center of gravity of the structure, thereby achieving isolation both vertically and laterally. It has the advantage that it takes up little space and has a high power dissipation and vertical deformation capacity (up to 300 mm) at a low cost. However, it suffers from a series of limitations: • the deformation capacity is limited by allowable tension of the spring steel;
• no es fácilmente escalable a equipos o estructuras mayores (sobre 2 ton de carga) debido al costo en materiales (volumen de acero); • not easily scalable to larger equipment or structures (over 2 ton load) due to cost in materials (steel volume);
• funciona en combinación con otros dispositivos con orientaciones específicas; • works in combination with other devices with specific orientations;
• requiere un elemento conector pivotable entre el dispositivo y el equipo o la estructura a aislar; • requires a pivotable connecting element between the device and the equipment or structure to be isolated;
• el esfuerzo de corte en el dispositivo es soportado por un sistema articulado de bisagras, las que trabajan solamente en su dirección longitudinal, razón por la cual sólo la mitad de los dispositivos resiste esfuerzos de corte durante un sismo; y • the shear stress in the device is supported by an articulated hinge system, which work only in its longitudinal direction, which is why only half of the devices resist shear stresses during an earthquake; Y
• usa un disipador de energía para amortiguar el movimiento relativo de las placas, lo cual encarece el dispositivo aislador. • uses an energy sink to dampen the relative movement of the plates, making the insulating device more expensive.
En consecuencia sería deseable poder superar las anteriores limitaciones y proporcionar un aislador de vibraciones tridimensional que sea más simple y eficiente, tenga un mayor espectro de aplicación, sea escalable a cargas mayores y sea más económico de fabricar. Consequently, it would be desirable to be able to overcome the above limitations and provide a three-dimensional vibration isolator that is simpler and more efficient, has a broader application spectrum, is scalable to higher loads, and is more economical to manufacture.
RESUMEN DE LA INVENCION SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
La presente invención consiste en un dispositivo para la aislación tridimensional (3D) de vibraciones entre estructuras o equipos industriales en general y el suelo o sus fundaciones, que comprende un marco metálico hexagonal articulado conformado por una placa superior de anclaje a la estructura o equipo, una placa inferior de apoyo en el suelo o fundaciones y al menos un par de brazos articulados y opuestamente inclinados a cada lado. Al interior del marco, se disponen centradamente y verticalmente en serie, uno o más anillos elastoméricos verticales de compresión confinados entre la placa superior y un tubo cilindrico vertical que sirve de apoyo inferior para el o los anillos elastoméricos como conjunto y que está unido a la placa inferior. Por otra parte, delante y detrás del marco se dispone al menos un par bandas elastoméricas de tracción, en que cada banda elastomérica de tracción está enganchada en, y pre-tensada entre, un par de los brazos articulados y opuestamente inclinados de cada lado del marco. El dispositivo comprende además una barra guía central de una longitud predeterminada menor a la separación entre la placa superior y la placa inferior, que tiene un extremo unido a la placa superior, atraviesa el interior de el o los anillos elastoméricos verticales de compresión y por el extremo opuesto se introduce en forma no restringida en un buje flexible anular que está fijamente inserto en el tubo cilindrico vertical.
Aplicado a una estructura o equipo industrial el dispositivo se combina con al menos otros dos dispositivos equivalentes para conformar así un sistema de aislación 3D de vibraciones compuesto por al menos tres dispositivos no alineados entre sí dispuestos en respectivos apoyos discretos de la estructura o equipo industrial a aislar. The present invention consists of a device for the three-dimensional (3D) isolation of vibrations between structures or industrial equipment in general and the ground or its foundations, comprising an articulated hexagonal metal frame formed by an upper plate for anchoring to the structure or equipment, a bottom support plate on the ground or foundations and at least one pair of articulated and oppositely inclined arms on each side. Inside the frame, one or more vertical compression elastomeric rings are arranged centrally and vertically in series confined between the upper plate and a vertical cylindrical tube that serves as a lower support for the elastomeric ring (s) as a whole and that is attached to the bottom plate. Furthermore, at least one pair of elastomeric traction bands is arranged in front and behind the frame, in which each elastomeric traction band is hooked on, and pre-tensioned between, a pair of articulated and oppositely inclined arms on each side of the framework. The device further comprises a central guide bar of a predetermined length less than the gap between the top plate and the bottom plate, which has one end attached to the top plate, passes through the interior of the vertical compression elastomeric ring (s) and through the The opposite end is inserted unrestrictedly into a flexible ring bushing that is fixedly inserted into the vertical cylindrical tube. Applied to an industrial structure or equipment, the device is combined with at least two other equivalent devices to form a 3D vibration isolation system made up of at least three non-aligned devices arranged on respective discrete supports of the industrial structure or equipment. isolate.
Los anillos elastoméricos verticales de compresión pueden tener placas metálicas entre los anillos. Vertical compression elastomeric rings may have metal plates between the rings.
En cuanto al número de brazos articulados y opuestamente inclinados y el número de bandas elastoméricas de tracción, el dispositivo admite distintas combinaciones de los mismos, según el desempeño que se desee obtener, el peso de la estructura o equipo a soportar y el número de dispositivos que conforman el sistema. Preferentemente, el dispositivo tiene sólo un par de bandas elastoméricas de tracción, las bandas respectivamente situadas delante y detrás del marco metálico hexagonal enganchadas en, y pre-tensadas entre, un par de brazos articulados y opuestamente inclinados de cada lado del marco. Sin embargo, el dispositivo también podría tener dos o más pares de brazos articulados y opuestamente inclinados por lado y las bandas elastoméricas de tracción estar enganchadas en uno o más de dichos pares de brazos por lado, para así aumentar la rigidez del conjunto ante estructuras más pesadas. Regarding the number of articulated and oppositely inclined arms and the number of elastomeric traction bands, the device admits different combinations of them, depending on the desired performance, the weight of the structure or equipment to be supported and the number of devices that make up the system. Preferably, the device has only one pair of elastomeric traction bands, the bands respectively located in front of and behind the hexagonal metal frame hooked on, and pre-tensioned between, a pair of articulated and oppositely inclined arms on each side of the frame. However, the device could also have two or more pairs of articulated and oppositely inclined arms per side and the elastomeric traction bands being hooked on one or more of said pairs of arms per side, in order to increase the rigidity of the assembly before more structures heavy.
Los apoyos para las bandas elastoméricas de tracción pueden ser extensiones de los ejes de la articulación de los pares de brazos articulados opuestamente inclinados o bien barras metálicas ortogonalmente unidas a los brazos. The supports for the elastomeric traction bands can be extensions of the articulation axes of the oppositely inclined pairs of articulated arms or metal bars orthogonally attached to the arms.
Los distintos componentes del dispositivo se ensamblan de manera tal que funciona como un apoyo verticalmente flexible y lateralmente rígido, generando así un mecanismo de aislación tridimensional basado en rotación ( rocking , en inglés), donde la barra guía central desliza por el interior del buje flexible anular en respuesta a una vibración vertical y luego retorna, otorgándole fuerza de restitutiva vertical al dispositivo. La barra guía evita además el pandeo de el o los anillos elastoméricos y actúa soportando el esfuerzo de corte. Cuando el dispositivo se combina con otros iguales para aislar una estructura o equipo industrial de vibraciones, el esfuerzo de corte es soportado en forma simultánea y distribuido entre todas las barras guías. The different components of the device are assembled in such a way that it works as a vertically flexible and laterally rigid support, thus generating a rotation-based three-dimensional isolation mechanism (rocking), where the central guide bar slides inside the flexible bushing void in response to vertical vibration and then return, giving the device vertical restoring force. The guide bar also prevents buckling of the elastomeric ring or rings and acts by supporting the cutting effort. When the device is combined with other devices to isolate a structure or industrial equipment from vibrations, the shear stress is simultaneously supported and distributed among all the guide bars.
Para deformaciones laterales pequeñas el dispositivo posee cierta flexibilidad otorgada por las propiedades del buje flexible anular, sin embargo para grandes deformaciones éste llega a su límite restringiendo el movimiento y transfiriendo las fuerzas laterales a través del tubo cilindrico. El buje flexible anular puede ser un buje elastomérico o
un buje polimérico y permite el giro de la placa superior evitando la necesidad de materializar una rótula externa. For small lateral deformations the device has a certain flexibility given by the properties of the flexible ring bushing, however for large deformations it reaches its limit by restricting movement and transferring lateral forces through the cylindrical tube. The flexible ring bushing can be an elastomeric bushing or a polymeric bushing and allows the upper plate to rotate avoiding the need to materialize an external ball joint.
Al reemplazarse los resortes a compresión y tracción de acero de los dispositivos del arte previo, en particular del dispositivo de la patente de invención chilena N° 52.267 (Almazán et al.), por elastómeros, se obtiene una mayor capacidad de deformación y versatilidad para escalar el dispositivo a estructuras de mayor peso y se reduce el costo de los materiales para su fabricación. Además por la fuente de disipación de energía propia de los elastómeros se puede prescindir de un dispositivo disipador de energía auxiliar. Asimismo, la relación fuerza-deformación no lineal propia de los elastómeros es más adecuada para aislamiento sísmico ya que su endurecimiento a grandes deformaciones es gradual, funcionando como un limitador de desplazamientos. Sin embargo, es posible utilizar resortes metálicos y anillos elastoméricos verticales de compresión de manera combinada para lograr el comportamiento deseado, específicamente uno o más resortes metálicos helicoidales coaxiales, de la misma altura y de distinto diámetro, dispuestos por fuera de él o los anillos elastoméricos verticales de compresión. By replacing the steel compression and traction springs of the devices of the prior art, in particular of the device of Chilean invention patent No. 52,267 (Almazán et al.), With elastomers, a greater deformability and versatility are obtained for Scaling the device to heavier structures and reducing the cost of materials for manufacturing. Furthermore, due to the energy dissipation source of the elastomers, an auxiliary energy dissipation device can be dispensed with. Likewise, the non-linear force-deformation ratio of elastomers is more suitable for seismic isolation since its hardening at large deformations is gradual, functioning as a displacement limiter. However, it is possible to use metal springs and vertical compression elastomeric rings in combination to achieve the desired behavior, specifically one or more coaxial metal coil springs, of the same height and different diameter, arranged outside it or the elastomeric rings vertical compression.
Por otra parte, al reemplazarse el elemento conector pivotable que existe en Almazán et al. entre el mecanismo de aislación y la estructura o el equipo, por la barra guía central y la estructura de restricción conformada por el tubo cilindrico vertical y el buje flexible anular, la invención sirve tanto para aislar de pequeñas vibraciones de alta frecuencia como para aislar de grandes vibraciones producidas por sismos intensos. Así, el dispositivo de la invención puede usarse en conjunto con otros dispositivos iguales netamente como sistema aislador de vibraciones en diversos equipos que lo requieran, teniendo la ventaja de además brindar protección durante eventos sísmicos. On the other hand, when replacing the pivotable connecting element that exists in Almazán et al. Between the isolation mechanism and the structure or equipment, by the central guide bar and the restriction structure formed by the vertical cylindrical tube and the flexible ring bushing, the invention serves both to isolate from small high-frequency vibrations and to isolate from large vibrations produced by intense earthquakes. Thus, the device of the invention can be used in conjunction with other devices that are the same as a vibration isolation system in various equipment that requires it, having the advantage of also providing protection during seismic events.
Algunos ejemplos son: Some examples are:
• Equipos de aire acondicionado ("Centrifugal Liquid Chiller") de gran masa y costo, ubicados generalmente en pisos superiores de edificios donde las aceleraciones del suelo son amplificadas. • Large mass and cost air conditioning equipment ("Centrifugal Liquid Chiller"), generally located on upper floors of buildings where ground accelerations are amplified.
• Generadores eléctricos que podrían ser críticos para operaciones necesarias después de un evento sísmico. • Electric generators that could be critical for necessary operations after a seismic event.
• Equipos rotativos de gran masa en general • Rotary equipment with high mass in general
Asimismo, el dispositivo de la invención puede usarse en conjunto con otros dispositivos semejantes como aislador sísmico de bajo costo para estructuras industriales tales como:
• Estanques de acero inoxidable de pared delgada con patas para el almacenamiento de vino u otras sustancias Also, the device of the invention can be used in conjunction with other similar devices as a low cost seismic isolator for industrial structures such as: • Thin-walled stainless steel tanks with legs for storing wine or other substances
• Recipientes de presión para procesos industriales tales como digestores y torres de destilación • Pressure vessels for industrial processes such as digesters and distillation towers
• Estructuras de madera • Wood structures
• Equipos de subestaciones eléctricas en general • Electrical substation equipment in general
BREVE DESCRIPCION DE LAS FIGURAS BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
Para facilitar la comprensión de las precedentes ideas, se describe seguidamente el objeto de la invención, haciendo referencia a los dibujos ilustrativos que se acompañan. In order to facilitate the understanding of the foregoing ideas, the object of the invention is described below, referring to the accompanying illustrative drawings.
La Figura 1 representa una vista en perspectiva de un ejemplo de realización del dispositivo de aislación tridimensional de vibraciones de la patente de invención chilena N° 52.267 (Almazán et al.), que constituye el arte previo más cercano a la invención. Figure 1 represents a perspective view of an embodiment of the three-dimensional vibration isolation device of Chilean invention patent No. 52,267 (Almazán et al.), Which constitutes the prior art closest to the invention.
La Figura 2 representa una vista en perspectiva de un ejemplo de realización del dispositivo de aislación tridimensional de vibraciones de la invención. Figure 2 represents a perspective view of an embodiment of the three-dimensional vibration isolation device of the invention.
La Figura 3 representa una vista en perspectiva de despiece del dispositivo de la Figura 2, mostrando los diferentes elementos que lo componen. Figure 3 represents an exploded perspective view of the device of Figure 2, showing the different elements that compose it.
Las Figuras 4.1 y 4.2 representan vistas en elevación frontal del dispositivo de aislación tridimensional de vibraciones de la Figura 2 en dos condiciones, respectivamente, una normal (sin cargas aplicadas) y otra deformado bajo la acción simultánea del peso propio de la estructura o equipo y cargas debidas a vibraciones verticales y horizontales, estas últimas en sentido lateral del dispositivo o, lo que es lo mismo, en el plano (frontal) de la figura. Figures 4.1 and 4.2 represent front elevation views of the three-dimensional vibration isolation device of Figure 2 under two conditions, respectively, one normal (without applied loads) and the other deformed under the simultaneous action of the proper weight of the structure or equipment and loads due to vertical and horizontal vibrations, the latter in the lateral direction of the device or, what is the same, in the (frontal) plane of the figure.
Las Figuras 5.1 y 5.2 representan vistas laterales del dispositivo de aislación tridimensional de vibraciones de la Figura 2 en las mismas dos situaciones que en las Figuras 4.1 y 4.2 pero en que las vibraciones horizontales son en sentido delante-detrás o, lo que es lo mismo, en el plano (lateral) de la figura. Figures 5.1 and 5.2 represent side views of the three-dimensional vibration isolation device of Figure 2 in the same two situations as in Figures 4.1 and 4.2 but in which the horizontal vibrations are in the front-to-back direction or, which is the same , in the (lateral) plane of the figure.
La Figura 6 representa un ejemplo de aplicación del dispositivo de aislación tridimensional de vibraciones de la invención montado bajo las cuatro patas de un estanque contenedor de líquidos.
DESCRIPCION DETALLADA DE LA INVENCION Figure 6 represents an example of application of the three-dimensional vibration isolation device of the invention mounted under the four legs of a liquid container tank. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Como se ve en la Figura 1 , el dispositivo de aislación tridimensional de vibraciones de la patente de invención chilena N° 52.267 (Almazán et al.), que constituye el arte previo más cercano al invento, se caracteriza primeramente por comprender un mecanismo de aislación conformado por: i) un armazón de seis placas metálicas, una superior (1) horizontal, una inferior (2) horizontal y dos pares de placas laterales inclinadas (3) a cada lado, en que las placas están conectadas por medio de bisagras (4); ii) un resorte primario de compresión de dirección vertical (5) centrado entre las placas superior e inferior y resortes secundarios de tracción de dirección horizontal (6) que se extienden entre las placas laterales de uno y otro lado del dispositivo; y iii) un disipador de energía histerético friccional (7) de dirección vertical situado al interior del resorte vertical entre las placas superior e inferior. As seen in Figure 1, the three-dimensional vibration isolation device of Chilean invention patent No. 52,267 (Almazán et al.), Which constitutes the closest prior art to the invention, is characterized first by comprising an isolation mechanism consisting of: i) a frame of six metal plates, one upper (1) horizontal, one lower (2) horizontal and two pairs of inclined side plates (3) on each side, in which the plates are connected by means of hinges ( 4); ii) a vertical direction primary compression spring (5) centered between the upper and lower plates and horizontal direction secondary tension springs (6) extending between the side plates on either side of the device; and iii) a vertically directed frictional hysteretic energy sink (7) located within the vertical spring between the top and bottom plates.
Aquí el resorte primario es el encargado de proveer la estabilidad básica del dispositivo y proporcionar la flexibilidad necesaria para que el dispositivo pueda funcionar como aislador de vibraciones y los resortes secundarios son los encargados de controlar la deformación por peso propio. Here the primary spring is in charge of providing the basic stability of the device and providing the necessary flexibility so that the device can function as a vibration isolator and the secondary springs are in charge of controlling the deformation by its own weight.
Además, este dispositivo de la Figura 1 comprende un elemento conector (8) entre el mecanismo de aislación y la estructura o equipo, dispuesto en la placa superior (1) en forma pivotable respecto a un eje de giro de dirección paralela al eje transversal (T) del dispositivo y constituido por una plataforma de apoyo (8a) pivotablemente unida a la placa superior (1) por un eje (8b) apoyado sobre un par de soportes (8c). Se señalan también los ejes vertical (V) y longitudinal (L) del dispositivo comentados anteriormente. Furthermore, this device of Figure 1 comprises a connecting element (8) between the isolation mechanism and the structure or equipment, arranged on the upper plate (1) pivotably with respect to a direction of rotation axis parallel to the transverse axis ( T) of the device and consisting of a support platform (8a) pivotably connected to the top plate (1) by an axis (8b) supported on a pair of supports (8c). The vertical (V) and longitudinal (L) axes of the device mentioned above are also indicated.
Las Figuras 2 y 3 muestran un ejemplo de realización del dispositivo de aislación tridimensional de vibraciones (10) de la invención donde se aprecia primeramente el marco metálico hexagonal articulado conformado por una placa superior (20), en este caso circular, una placa inferior (30), también circular, y un par de brazos articulados opuestamente inclinados (90) a cada lado, todos unidos por articulaciones planas (120). Al interior del marco se dispone un anillo elastomérico vertical de compresión (40), confinado entre la placa superior y un tubo cilindrico (80) de apoyo que está unido a la placa inferior y tiene un buje flexible anular (70) inserto dentro del mismo. Más específicamente, el anillo elastomérico vertical de compresión se encuentra confinado superiormente por la placa superior (20) e inferiormente por una pestaña (100) que sobresale ortogonalmente del borde superior del tubo cilindrico (80) y sirve de plataforma de apoyo para el anillo. Una barra guía central (60) que está unida a la placa superior, atraviesa el interior del anillo elastomérico vertical de compresión y por su extremo libre se introduce en forma no restringida en el buje flexible
anular. Entre el par de brazos opuestamente inclinados (90) que configuran uno y otro lado del marco metálico hexagonal se extienden dos pares de bandas elastoméricas de tracción (50) horizontales, de modo que un par se extienden por delante del marco y el otro por detrás del marco y se enganchan por su cara interna en unas barras metálicas (1 10) unidas ortogonalmente a cada brazo y tensan. Figures 2 and 3 show an embodiment of the three-dimensional vibration isolation device (10) of the invention where the articulated hexagonal metal frame formed by an upper plate (20), in this case circular, a lower plate ( 30), also circular, and a pair of oppositely inclined articulated arms (90) on each side, all joined by flat joints (120). Inside the frame there is a vertical compression elastomeric ring (40), confined between the upper plate and a cylindrical support tube (80) that is attached to the lower plate and has an annular flexible bushing (70) inserted inside it . More specifically, the vertical compression elastomeric ring is confined upperly by the upper plate (20) and lowerly by a flange (100) protruding orthogonally from the upper edge of the cylindrical tube (80) and serving as a support platform for the ring. A central guide bar (60) that is attached to the top plate, passes through the interior of the vertical compression elastomeric ring and, through its free end, enters the flexible bushing without restriction. cancel. Two pairs of horizontal elastomeric traction bands (50) extend between the pair of oppositely inclined arms (90) that make up either side of the hexagonal metal frame, so that one pair extends in front of the frame and the other behind of the frame and they are hooked on its internal face by metal bars (1 10) attached orthogonally to each arm and tightened.
En la Figuras 4.1 y 4.2 se muestran vistas en elevación frontal del dispositivo de la invención en estado no deformado (Fig. 4.1) y deformado (Fig. 4.2). Se puede apreciar que cuando se deforma el dispositivo el anillo elastomérico vertical de compresión (40) se comprime por efecto de una fuerza vertical, aumentando su sección transversal y permitiendo a su vez que la placa superior (20) rote por efecto de una fuerza en el sentido horizontal. Por su parte las bandas elastoméricas de tracción (50) horizontales se alargan, disminuyendo su sección transversal. Notar que la placa superior (20) puede rotar en el plano (frontal) de la figura debido a tres factores: (i) la deformabilidad a flexión del anillo elastomérico vertical de compresión (40); (ii) la deformabilidad a flexión del buje flexible anular (70); y (iii) la capacidad de rotación en el plano frontal de las articulaciones (120). Figures in Figures 4.1 and 4.2 show front elevation views of the device of the invention in the non-deformed (Fig. 4.1) and deformed (Fig. 4.2) state. It can be seen that when the device is deformed, the vertical elastomeric compression ring (40) compresses due to the effect of a vertical force, increasing its cross section and in turn allowing the upper plate (20) to rotate due to the effect of a force on the horizontal direction. For its part, the horizontal elastomeric traction bands (50) lengthen, reducing their cross section. Note that the top plate (20) can rotate in the (front) plane of the figure due to three factors: (i) the flexural deformability of the vertical compression elastomeric ring (40); (ii) the flexural deformability of the annular flexible bushing (70); and (iii) the rotational capacity in the frontal plane of the joints (120).
En las Figuras 5.1 y 5.2 se muestra una vista en elevación lateral del dispositivo en estado no deformado (Fig. 5.1) y deformado (Fig. 5.2), en que cuando el dispositivo se deforma y al igual que en la Fig. 4.2, el anillo elastomérico vertical de compresión (40) se comprime por efecto de una fuerza vertical y la placa superior (20) rota por efecto de una fuerza en el sentido horizontal. Notar que la placa superior (20) puede rotar en el plano (lateral) de la figura debido a tres factores: (i) la flexibilidad a flexión del anillo elastomérico vertical de compresión (40); (ii) la flexibilidad a flexión del buje flexible anular (70); y (iii) el juego mecánico existente en las articulaciones (120). Figures 5.1 and 5.2 show a side elevation view of the device in the non-deformed (Fig. 5.1) and deformed (Fig. 5.2) state, in which when the device is deformed and, as in Fig. 4.2, the vertical elastomeric compression ring (40) is compressed by the effect of a vertical force and the upper plate (20) is rotated by the effect of a force in the horizontal direction. Note that the top plate (20) can rotate in the (lateral) plane of the figure due to three factors: (i) the flexural flexibility of the vertical compression elastomeric ring (40); (ii) the flexural flexibility of the annular flexible bushing (70); and (iii) the existing mechanical play in the joints (120).
Aplicado a la protección sísmica de un estanque de almacenamiento de líquidos con patas, como se muestra en la Figura 6, se tiene que en cada pata se dispone un dispositivo (10). La parte inferior de las patas o soportes del estanque se vinculan en forma rígida, por medio de pernos de anclaje o soldadura, con la placa superior del dispositivo (10). Bajo la acción del peso propio del estanque, y de fuerzas horizontales y verticales producidas por vibraciones ambientales (como un sismo, por ejemplo) la estructura puede moverse verticalmente y girar como un cuerpo rígido en torno a un eje horizontal que pasa por su base ( rocking ), actuando así como un sistema de aislación tanto en sentido vertical como lateral. Este movimiento es posible gracias a la gran capacidad de deformación vertical del dispositivo, y a la capacidad de rotación de la placa superior.
Applied to the seismic protection of a liquid storage tank with legs, as shown in Figure 6, it is necessary to have a device (10) in each leg. The lower part of the pond legs or supports are rigidly linked, by means of anchor bolts or welding, with the upper plate of the device (10). Under the action of the own weight of the pond, and of horizontal and vertical forces produced by environmental vibrations (such as an earthquake, for example) the structure can move vertically and rotate like a rigid body around a horizontal axis that passes through its base ( rocking), thus acting as an isolation system both vertically and laterally. This movement is possible thanks to the great vertical deformation capacity of the device, and the rotational capacity of the upper plate.
Claims
1 . Dispositivo (10) para la aislación tridimensional de vibraciones entre estructuras o equipos industriales en general y el suelo o sus fundaciones, CARACTERIZADO porque comprende: one . Device (10) for the three-dimensional isolation of vibrations between industrial structures or equipment in general and the ground or its foundations, CHARACTERIZED because it comprises:
un marco metálico hexagonal articulado conformado por: an articulated hexagonal metal frame consisting of:
una placa superior (20) de anclaje a la estructura o equipo; an upper plate (20) for anchoring to the structure or equipment;
una placa inferior (30) de apoyo en el suelo o fundaciones; y a bottom plate (30) for support on the ground or foundations; Y
al menos un par de brazos articulados y opuestamente inclinados (90) a cada lado; uno o más anillos elastoméricos verticales de compresión (40) dispuestos centradamente y verticalmente en serie confinados entre la placa superior (20) y un tubo cilindrico vertical (80) de apoyo inferior, que está unido a la placa inferior (30); at least one pair of articulated and oppositely inclined arms (90) on each side; one or more vertical compression elastomeric rings (40) arranged centrally and vertically in series confined between the upper plate (20) and a cylindrical vertical tube (80) of lower support, which is attached to the lower plate (30);
al menos un par de bandas elastoméricas de tracción (50) respectivamente situadas delante y detrás del marco metálico hexagonal, en que cada banda elastoméricas de tracción está enganchada en, y pre-tensada entre, un par de los brazos articulados y opuestamente inclinados en cada lado del marco; y at least one pair of elastomeric traction bands (50) respectively located in front and behind the hexagonal metal frame, in which each elastomeric traction band is hooked on, and pre-tensioned between, a pair of the articulated and oppositely inclined arms on each frame side; Y
una barra guía central (60) de una longitud predeterminada, menor a la separación entre la placa superior y la placa inferior, que tiene un extremo unido a la placa superior, atraviesa el interior de el o los anillos elastoméricos verticales de compresión y por el extremo opuesto se introduce en forma no restringida en un buje flexible anular (70) que está fijamente inserto en el tubo cilindrico vertical. a central guide bar (60) of a predetermined length, less than the gap between the top plate and the bottom plate, having one end attached to the top plate, passes through the interior of the vertical compression elastomeric ring (s) and through the The opposite end is inserted unrestrictedly into an annular flexible bushing (70) which is fixedly inserted into the vertical cylindrical tube.
2. El dispositivo según la reivindicación 1 , CARACTERIZADO porque comprende al menos dos anillos elastoméricos verticales de compresión dispuestos verticalmente en serie con placas metálicas entre los mismos. 2. The device according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED in that it comprises at least two vertical elastomeric compression rings arranged vertically in series with metal plates between them.
3. El dispositivo según la reivindicación 1 , CARACTERIZADO porque comprende dos pares de bandas elastoméricas de tracción (50) respectivamente situadas delante y detrás del marco metálico hexagonal, que se encuentran enganchadas en, y pre-tensadas entre, unas barras metálicas (1 10) ortogonalmente unidas a los brazos articulados y opuestamente inclinados (90). 3. The device according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED in that it comprises two pairs of elastomeric traction bands (50) respectively located in front and behind the hexagonal metal frame, which are hooked on, and pre-tensioned between, metal bars (1 10 ) orthogonally joined to the articulated arms and oppositely inclined (90).
4. El dispositivo según la reivindicación 1 , CARACTERIZADO porque comprende un par de bandas elastoméricas de tracción (50), respectivamente situadas delante y detrás del marco metálico hexagonal, enganchadas en, y pre-tensadas entre, extensiones de los ejes de la articulaciones (120) de los brazos articulados y opuestamente inclinados (90).
4. The device according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED in that it comprises a pair of elastomeric traction bands (50), respectively located in front and behind the hexagonal metal frame, hooked on, and pre-tensioned between, extensions of the joint axes ( 120) of the articulated and oppositely inclined arms (90).
5. El dispositivo según la reivindicación 1 , CARACTERIZADO porque el tubo cilindrico vertical (80) tiene una plataforma de apoyo para el o los anillos elastoméricos verticales de compresión (40) como conjunto, que está constituida por una pestaña (100) que sobresale ortogonalmente del borde superior del tubo cilindrico vertical. The device according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED in that the vertical cylindrical tube (80) has a support platform for the vertical compression elastomeric ring (s) (40) as a whole, which is constituted by a flange (100) protruding orthogonally from the upper edge of the vertical cylindrical tube.
6. El dispositivo según la reivindicación 1 , CARACTERIZADO porque los uno o más anillos elastoméricos verticales de compresión (40) se combinan con uno o más resortes metálicos helicoidales, coaxiales, de la misma altura y de distinto diámetro, dispuestos por fuera de él o los anillos elastoméricos verticales de compresión. 6. The device according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED in that the one or more vertical compression elastomeric rings (40) are combined with one or more coaxial, helical, metal springs of the same height and of different diameter, arranged outside of it or vertical compression elastomeric rings.
7. Sistema para la aislación tridimensional de vibraciones entre estructuras o equipos industriales en general y el suelo o sus fundaciones, CARACTERIZADO porque comprende al menos tres dispositivos (10) de acuerdo a la reivindicación 1 , no alineados entre sí y dispuestos en respectivos apoyos discretos de la estructura o equipo industrial.
7. System for the three-dimensional isolation of vibrations between structures or industrial equipment in general and the ground or its foundations, CHARACTERIZED because it comprises at least three devices (10) according to claim 1, not aligned with each other and arranged in respective discrete supports of the industrial structure or equipment.
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PCT/CL2018/050080 WO2020047684A1 (en) | 2018-09-04 | 2018-09-04 | Device and system for three-dimensional vibration insulation |
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PCT/CL2018/050080 WO2020047684A1 (en) | 2018-09-04 | 2018-09-04 | Device and system for three-dimensional vibration insulation |
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