WO2020044714A1 - 缶用鋼板およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
缶用鋼板およびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2020044714A1 WO2020044714A1 PCT/JP2019/022692 JP2019022692W WO2020044714A1 WO 2020044714 A1 WO2020044714 A1 WO 2020044714A1 JP 2019022692 W JP2019022692 W JP 2019022692W WO 2020044714 A1 WO2020044714 A1 WO 2020044714A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- steel sheet
- chromium
- layer
- cans
- metal chromium
- Prior art date
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 134
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 134
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 170
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 146
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 143
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 99
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 99
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 70
- WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trioxochromium Chemical compound O=[Cr](=O)=O WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 229910000423 chromium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 81
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 61
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 54
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims description 42
- UGKDIUIOSMUOAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron nickel Chemical compound [Fe].[Ni] UGKDIUIOSMUOAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 42
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 24
- JOPOVCBBYLSVDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium(6+) Chemical compound [Cr+6] JOPOVCBBYLSVDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 15
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000010960 cold rolled steel Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 abstract description 29
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 abstract description 29
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 18
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000012805 post-processing Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 180
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 16
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 16
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 15
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000005029 tin-free steel Substances 0.000 description 8
- -1 chromium hydrate oxide Chemical compound 0.000 description 7
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 6
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 4
- KMUONIBRACKNSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium dichromate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-][Cr](=O)(=O)O[Cr]([O-])(=O)=O KMUONIBRACKNSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 229940117975 chromium trioxide Drugs 0.000 description 3
- GAMDZJFZMJECOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium(6+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Cr+6] GAMDZJFZMJECOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000005028 tinplate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001209 Low-carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910001430 chromium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002149 energy-dispersive X-ray emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010191 image analysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005554 pickling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QLOKJRIVRGCVIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[(4-methylsulfanylphenyl)methyl]piperazine Chemical compound C1=CC(SC)=CC=C1CN1CCNCC1 QLOKJRIVRGCVIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910021586 Nickel(II) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241000080590 Niso Species 0.000 description 1
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- RJKXBWCBNGFFEV-UHFFFAOYSA-K [Cr](=O)(=O)([O-])O.[Cr](=O)(=O)(O)O.[K+] Chemical class [Cr](=O)(=O)([O-])O.[Cr](=O)(=O)(O)O.[K+] RJKXBWCBNGFFEV-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000002238 attenuated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013361 beverage Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZCDOYSPFYFSLEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromate(2-) Chemical class [O-][Cr]([O-])(=O)=O ZCDOYSPFYFSLEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001844 chromium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005097 cold rolling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012611 container material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000365 copper sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000005238 degreasing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004049 embossing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004993 emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005098 hot rolling Methods 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydrogensulfate Chemical compound OS([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002484 inorganic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000013067 intermediate product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010884 ion-beam technique Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000031700 light absorption Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- QPJSUIGXIBEQAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(2,4-dichloro-5-propan-2-yloxyphenyl)acetamide Chemical compound CC(C)OC1=CC(NC(C)=O)=C(Cl)C=C1Cl QPJSUIGXIBEQAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QMMRZOWCJAIUJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Ni]Cl QMMRZOWCJAIUJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel sulfate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000363 nickel(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 1
- NROKBHXJSPEDAR-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[K+] NROKBHXJSPEDAR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002310 reflectometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- PUZPDOWCWNUUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[Na+] PUZPDOWCWNUUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004876 x-ray fluorescence Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/18—Electroplating using modulated, pulsed or reversing current
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D11/00—Electrolytic coating by surface reaction, i.e. forming conversion layers
- C25D11/02—Anodisation
- C25D11/26—Anodisation of refractory metals or alloys based thereon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D11/00—Electrolytic coating by surface reaction, i.e. forming conversion layers
- C25D11/38—Chromatising
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
- C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
- C25D3/04—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of chromium
- C25D3/08—Deposition of black chromium, e.g. hexavalent chromium, CrVI
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
- C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
- C25D3/12—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of nickel or cobalt
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/10—Electroplating with more than one layer of the same or of different metals
- C25D5/12—Electroplating with more than one layer of the same or of different metals at least one layer being of nickel or chromium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/10—Electroplating with more than one layer of the same or of different metals
- C25D5/12—Electroplating with more than one layer of the same or of different metals at least one layer being of nickel or chromium
- C25D5/14—Electroplating with more than one layer of the same or of different metals at least one layer being of nickel or chromium two or more layers being of nickel or chromium, e.g. duplex or triplex layers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/34—Pretreatment of metallic surfaces to be electroplated
- C25D5/36—Pretreatment of metallic surfaces to be electroplated of iron or steel
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/34—Pretreatment of metallic surfaces to be electroplated
- C25D5/38—Pretreatment of metallic surfaces to be electroplated of refractory metals or nickel
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/48—After-treatment of electroplated surfaces
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/48—After-treatment of electroplated surfaces
- C25D5/50—After-treatment of electroplated surfaces by heat-treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/60—Electroplating characterised by the structure or texture of the layers
- C25D5/605—Surface topography of the layers, e.g. rough, dendritic or nodular layers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/60—Electroplating characterised by the structure or texture of the layers
- C25D5/615—Microstructure of the layers, e.g. mixed structure
- C25D5/617—Crystalline layers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/627—Electroplating characterised by the visual appearance of the layers, e.g. colour, brightness or mat appearance
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D7/00—Electroplating characterised by the article coated
- C25D7/06—Wires; Strips; Foils
- C25D7/0614—Strips or foils
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D9/00—Electrolytic coating other than with metals
- C25D9/04—Electrolytic coating other than with metals with inorganic materials
- C25D9/06—Electrolytic coating other than with metals with inorganic materials by anodic processes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D9/00—Electrolytic coating other than with metals
- C25D9/04—Electrolytic coating other than with metals with inorganic materials
- C25D9/08—Electrolytic coating other than with metals with inorganic materials by cathodic processes
- C25D9/10—Electrolytic coating other than with metals with inorganic materials by cathodic processes on iron or steel
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
- Y10T428/12535—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.] with additional, spatially distinct nonmetal component
- Y10T428/12611—Oxide-containing component
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a steel plate for a can used for a welding can body and the like, and a method for producing the same.
- Cans which are containers used for beverages and foods, are used worldwide because their contents can be stored for a long time.
- the can is squeezed, ironed, stretched, and bent on a metal plate, and after integrally forming the can bottom and can body, a two-piece can that is tightened with an upper lid, and the metal plate is processed into a cylindrical shape, and a wire is formed.
- They are roughly classified into three-piece cans in which the can body welded by the seam method and both ends are wound around with lids.
- the can body there is a case where a large diameter is beaded in order to impart strength to the can body.
- cans with various shapes have been developed by embossing and expanding the can body, aiming at improving the design of other materials containers such as aluminum cans and PET bottles. ing.
- tinplate Sn-plated steel sheets having excellent weldability and corrosion resistance
- metal chromium layers and layers made of chromium oxide and chromium hydrated oxide have been widely used.
- Chromium oxide layer is being applied to an increasingly wider range of applications because tinned steel (hereinafter also referred to as tin-free steel (TFS)) is less expensive than tinplate and has excellent paint adhesion.
- TFS tin-free steel
- TFS enables welding by mechanically polishing and removing the surface chromium oxide layer, which is an insulating film, immediately before welding.
- problems such as a risk that metal powder after polishing is mixed into the contents, an increase in maintenance load such as cleaning of a can-making apparatus, and a risk of fire occurring due to the metal powder.
- TFS cannot expect sacrificial corrosion protection such as tinplate, depending on the contents, the risk of damage to the plating film such that the base iron is exposed in the processed part is taken into consideration. Processing needs to be performed.
- Patent Document 1 a technique for welding TFS without polishing is proposed in Patent Document 1, for example.
- the technique disclosed in Patent Literature 1 forms a large number of defects in a metal chromium layer by performing an anodic electrolysis between a pre-stage and a post-stage cathodic electrolysis, and forms a metal chromium by a post-stage cathodic electrolysis.
- This is a technique for forming a granular projection.
- granular protrusions of metallic chromium break down the chromium oxide layer, which is a surface welding inhibition factor, during welding, thereby reducing contact resistance and improving weldability.
- Patent Document 2 discloses a technique in which excellent weldability can be ensured by providing a metal chromium layer and a chromium hydrated oxide layer as a flat layer having no granular protrusions on the Ni layer. Have been.
- Patent Literature 3 and Patent Literature 4 disclose steel plates for cans in which the rust resistance and weldability are secured and the surface appearance is improved by reducing the diameter of the granular projections of the chromium metal layer.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a steel plate for a can which is excellent in weldability and corrosion resistance after processing, and a method for producing the same.
- the present inventors have conducted intensive studies to achieve the above object. As a result, by providing an iron-nickel diffusion layer on the surface of the steel sheet, and further forming a metal chromium layer and a chromium oxide layer having specific granular projections on this layer, excellent weldability and corrosion resistance after processing are achieved. Was found to be possible.
- the gist of the present invention is as follows.
- At least one surface of a steel sheet is provided with an iron-nickel diffusion layer, a metal chromium layer, and a chromium oxide layer in order from the steel sheet side
- the iron-nickel diffusion layer has a nickel adhesion amount of 50 mg / m 2 or more and 500 mg / m 2 or less on one side of the steel sheet, and a thickness of 0.060 ⁇ m or more and 0.500 ⁇ m or less on one side of the steel sheet
- the metal chromium layer has a flat metal chromium layer and a granular metal chromium layer formed on the surface of the flat metal chromium layer, and the total chromium deposition amount per one surface of the steel plate is 60 mg / m 2.
- the granular metal chromium layer further has granular protrusions having a number density per unit area of 5 / ⁇ m 2 or more and a maximum particle size of 150 nm or less,
- the steel sheet for cans wherein the chromium oxide layer has a chromium adhesion amount per side of the steel sheet of 3 mg / m 2 or more and 10 mg / m 2 or less in terms of metal chromium.
- a steel sheet for cans having excellent weldability and corrosion resistance after processing can be obtained.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of the analysis result of the iron-nickel diffusion layer in the depth direction by GDS.
- the steel sheet for cans of the present invention comprises, on at least one surface of the steel sheet, in order from the steel sheet side, an iron-nickel diffusion layer, a metal chromium layer, and a chromium oxide layer.
- the amount is 50 mg / m 2 or more and 500 mg / m 2 or less, and the thickness per one side of the steel plate is 0.060 ⁇ m or more and 0.500 ⁇ m or less.
- a chromium metal layer formed on the surface of the layer, the total amount of chromium deposited on one side of the steel sheet is 60 mg / m 2 or more and 200 mg / m 2 or less.
- the number density per unit area is 5 / [mu] m 2 or more and the maximum particle size has the following granular projections 150 nm, chromium oxide layer, a chromium coating weight per steel sheet one side reckoned as metal chromium and wherein the at mg / m 2 or more 10 mg / m 2 or less.
- the type of the steel sheet used as the material of the steel sheet for cans of the present invention is not particularly limited.
- a steel plate for example, a low carbon steel plate or an ultra low carbon steel plate
- the manufacturing method and material of the steel sheet are not particularly limited. It is manufactured through the steps of hot rolling, pickling, cold rolling, annealing, temper rolling, and the like from the normal billet manufacturing process.
- the steel sheet for cans of the present invention has an iron-nickel diffusion layer on at least one surface of the steel sheet.
- the presence of the iron-nickel diffusion layer on at least one surface of the steel sheet significantly suppresses the occurrence of cracks or the occurrence of cracks on the steel sheet surface even in severely processed parts of the can body.
- the corrosion resistance after processing can be significantly improved.
- the iron-nickel diffusion layer is present on the surface of the steel sheet, the amount of chromium adhering to the metal chromium layer formed thereon and the per-unit area of the granular projections are higher than when the iron-nickel diffusion layer is not present. And the control of the number density and the maximum particle size are easy. For this reason, in the present invention, the presence of the iron-nickel diffusion layer is also advantageous for ensuring excellent weldability.
- the iron-nickel diffusion layer of the present invention nickel is diffused deeper into the steel sheet than single nickel plating, and even if similar cracks reach the steel sheet, the upper chromium plating (metal chrome layer) Since the potential difference between the iron-nickel diffusion layer and the iron-nickel diffusion layer is small, it is considered that a relatively stable state is maintained electrochemically and the post-working corrosion resistance is excellent.
- the amount of nickel deposited on one side of the steel sheet of the iron-nickel diffusion layer is set to 50 mg / m 2 or more and 500 mg / m 2 or less. If it is less than 50 mg / m 2 , the corrosion resistance after processing is insufficient, and if it exceeds 500 mg / m 2 , the effect of improving the corrosion resistance after processing is not only saturated, but also the production cost increases.
- the amount of nickel deposited on one side of the steel sheet of the iron-nickel diffusion layer is preferably 70 mg / m 2 or more, and more preferably 200 mg / m 2 or more. Further, the amount of nickel attached to one side of the steel sheet of the iron-nickel diffusion layer is preferably 450 mg / m 2 or less.
- the thickness of the iron-nickel diffusion layer per one side of the steel sheet is set to 0.060 ⁇ m or more and 0.500 ⁇ m or less. If it is less than 0.060 ⁇ m, the corrosion resistance after processing is insufficient, and if it exceeds 0.500 ⁇ m, not only the effect of improving corrosion resistance after processing is saturated, but also the production cost increases.
- the thickness of the iron-nickel diffusion layer on one side of the steel sheet is preferably at least 0.100 ⁇ m, more preferably at least 0.200 ⁇ m.
- the thickness of the iron-nickel diffusion layer on one side of the steel sheet is preferably 0.46 ⁇ m or less.
- the thickness of the iron-nickel diffusion layer can be measured by GDS (glow discharge emission spectroscopy). Specifically, first, sputtering is performed from the surface of the iron-nickel diffusion layer toward the inside of the steel sheet, and analysis in the depth direction is performed to determine a sputtering time at which the strength of Ni becomes 1/10 of the maximum value. Next, the relationship between the sputtering depth by GDS and the sputtering time is determined using pure iron. Using this relationship, the sputtering depth is calculated in terms of pure iron from the sputtering time at which the intensity of Ni previously obtained is 1/10 of the maximum value, and the calculated value is used as the thickness of the iron-nickel diffusion layer ( (Fig. 1).
- GDS low discharge emission spectroscopy
- the steel sheet for cans of the present invention has a metal chromium layer on the surface of the above-described iron-nickel diffusion layer.
- the chromium metal layer of the present invention has a flat chromium metal layer and a granular chromium metal layer formed on the surface of the flat chromium metal layer.
- chromium metal in general TFS is to suppress the surface exposure of the steel sheet as the material and improve the corrosion resistance. If the amount of metallic chromium is too small, exposure of the steel sheet is unavoidable, and the corrosion resistance may deteriorate.
- the total amount of chromium adhering to one side of the steel sheet in which the flat metal chromium layer and the granular metal chromium layer in the present invention are added is 60 mg / m 2 or more.
- 70 mg / m ⁇ 2 > or more is preferable and 80 mg / m ⁇ 2 > or more is more preferable because corrosion resistance is more excellent.
- the chromium adhesion amount per one side of the steel sheet which is the sum of the flat metal chromium layer and the granular metal chromium layer, is 200 mg / m 2 or less. In addition, 180 mg / m ⁇ 2 > or less is preferable and 160 mg / m ⁇ 2 > or less is more preferable because the weldability is more excellent.
- the flat chromium metal layer which is the chromium metal layer of the present invention, and the granular chromium metal layer formed on the surface of the flat chromium metal layer will be described in detail below.
- the plate-like metal chromium layer mainly plays a role of covering the steel sheet surface and improving corrosion resistance.
- the plate-like metal chromium layer in the present invention has a granular metal chromium layer provided on the surface when steel plates for cans inevitably come into contact during handling. It is preferable to secure a sufficient thickness so that the flat steel chromium layer is not broken and the steel sheet is exposed.
- the present inventors conducted a rub test between steel plates for cans and examined rust resistance. As a result, if the thickness of the flat metal chromium layer was 7 nm or more, rust resistance was excellent. I found that. That is, the thickness of the flat metal chromium layer is preferably 7 nm or more, because the rust resistance of the steel sheet for can is excellent, and 9 nm or more, more preferably 10 nm or more, because the rust resistance is more excellent. preferable.
- the lower limit of the thickness of the flat metal chromium layer is not particularly limited, but is preferably 20 nm or less, more preferably 15 nm or less.
- the thickness of the flat metal chromium layer may be measured as follows.
- a cross-sectional sample of a steel plate for a can on which a chromium metal layer and a chromium oxide layer are formed is prepared by a focused ion beam (FIB) method, and observed at a magnification of 20000 with a scanning transmission electron microscope (TEM).
- TEM scanning transmission electron microscope
- the intensity of chromium and iron is determined by line analysis using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX).
- EDX energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy
- the thickness of the flat metal chromium layer is determined from the curve (horizontal axis: distance, vertical axis: strength).
- the point where the intensity is 20% of the maximum value is set as the outermost layer
- the cross point with the intensity curve of iron is set as the boundary point with iron
- the distance between the two points is set. Is the thickness of the flat metal chromium layer.
- the adhesion amount of the flat metal chromium layer is preferably 10 mg / m 2 or more, more preferably 30 mg / m 2 or more, and still more preferably 40 mg / m 2 or more.
- the granular metal chromium layer is a metal chromium layer having granular protrusions formed on the surface of the above-described flat metal chromium layer, and mainly has a role of reducing the contact resistance between steel plates for cans and improving weldability. .
- the mechanism by which the contact resistance is estimated is as follows.
- the chromium oxide layer coated on the chromium metal layer is a non-conductive film, it has a higher electrical resistance than the chromium metal layer, and is a factor inhibiting welding.
- the granular projections destroy the chromium oxide layer due to the surface pressure when the steel plates for cans come into contact during welding, and become the current-carrying point of the welding current. Is greatly reduced.
- the granular metal chromium layer has granular protrusions having a number density per unit area of 5 / ⁇ m 2 or more and a maximum particle diameter of 150 nm or less.
- the number density of the granular projections per unit area is set to 5 / ⁇ m 2 or more. From the reason that the weldability is more excellent, it is preferably 10 pieces / ⁇ m 2 or more, more preferably 20 pieces / ⁇ m 2 or more, still more preferably 30 pieces / ⁇ m 2 or more, particularly preferably 50 pieces / ⁇ m 2 or more, and 100 pieces. / ⁇ m 2 or more is most preferable.
- the upper limit of the number density of the granular projections per unit area may affect the color tone and the like if the number density per unit area is too high. / ⁇ m 2 or less, more preferably 5000 / ⁇ m 2 or less, still more preferably 1000 / ⁇ m 2 or less, and particularly preferably 800 / ⁇ m 2 or less.
- the present inventors have found that if the maximum particle size of the granular projections of the chromium metal layer is too large, it may affect the hue of the steel sheet for cans, resulting in a brown pattern and poor surface appearance. This is because the granular projections absorb light on the short wavelength side (blue) and the reflected light is attenuated, giving a reddish brown color, and the granular projections scatter reflected light. Thus, it is conceivable that the overall reflectivity is reduced to make the image darker.
- the maximum particle size of the granular projections of the granular chromium metal layer is set to 150 nm or less.
- the surface appearance of the steel sheet for cans is excellent. This is presumably because the diameter of the granular protrusions is reduced, so that absorption of light on the short wavelength side is suppressed and scattering of reflected light is suppressed.
- the maximum particle diameter of the granular projections of the granular chromium layer is preferably 100 nm or less, more preferably 80 nm or less, and still more preferably 50 nm or less.
- the lower limit of the maximum particle size is not particularly limited, but is preferably 10 nm or more.
- the particle diameter of the granular projections and the number density per unit area may be measured as follows.
- Carbon deposition was performed on the surface of the steel sheet for cans on which the metal chromium layer and the chromium oxide layer were formed, an observation sample was prepared by an extraction replica method, and then a photograph was taken at a magnification of 20,000 by a scanning transmission electron microscope (TEM). The photographed image is binarized using software (product name: ImageJ), and image analysis is performed. The image is analyzed, and back-calculated from the area occupied by the granular protrusions. The particle diameter and the number density per unit area are calculated as a perfect circle. Ask for. As for the granular projection, a projection having a height of 10 nm or more is defined as a granular projection. The number density per unit area is an average value of five visual fields, and the maximum particle size of the granular projections is the maximum value of the particle size in an observation visual field obtained by photographing five visual fields at 20,000 times.
- the adhesion amount of the metal chromium layer (per one surface of the steel sheet obtained by adding the flat metal chromium layer and the granular metal chromium layer) and the adhesion amount of the chromium oxide layer described below in terms of chromium are measured as follows. I just need.
- the amount of chromium (total chromium) of the steel sheet for cans on which the metal chromium layer and the chromium oxide layer are formed is measured using a fluorescent X-ray apparatus. Then, the steel sheet for cans is subjected to an alkali treatment of dipping in 6.5N NaOH at 90 ° C. for 10 minutes, and then the amount of chromium (the amount of chromium after alkali treatment) is measured again using a fluorescent X-ray apparatus. .
- the amount of chromium after the alkali treatment is defined as the amount of the deposited chromium metal layer.
- (the amount of alkali-soluble chromium) (total chromium amount) ⁇ (the amount of chromium after alkali treatment) is calculated, and the amount of alkali-soluble chromium is defined as the chromium-equivalent adhesion amount of the chromium oxide layer.
- the steel sheet for cans of the present invention further includes a chromium oxide layer on the surface of the chromium metal layer.
- the chromium oxide layer in the present invention has an amount of chromium adhering to one side of the steel sheet of 3 mg / m 2 or more in terms of chromium metal.
- the chromium oxide layer has inferior electrical conductivity as compared with chromium metal. If the amount is too large, it causes excessive resistance at the time of welding, causing various welding defects such as dust and splash, and blow holes due to over-welding. In some cases, the weldability of the steel sheet for cans is poor.
- the chromium oxide layer has an amount of chromium adhering to one side of the steel sheet of 10 mg / m 2 or less in terms of metal chromium. 8 mg / m 2 or less is preferable, and 6 mg / m 2 or less is more preferable, because the weldability is more excellent.
- the method for measuring the amount of the chromium oxide layer deposited is as described above.
- the steel sheet for cans of the present invention may be provided with the iron-nickel diffusion layer, the metal chromium layer and the chromium oxide layer described above as essential components.
- other coating layers such as inorganic compounds, may be used.
- a layer, a lubricating compound layer, an organic resin layer and the like may be optionally provided as an uppermost layer or an intermediate layer.
- the method for producing a steel sheet for cans of the present invention is a method in which a cold-rolled steel sheet is nickel-plated, then annealed, and then a hexavalent chromium compound and a fluorine-containing compound. , And, using an aqueous solution containing sulfuric acid or a sulfate, the steel plate is subjected to a pre-cathode electrolysis treatment, followed by an anodic electrolysis treatment, and subsequently, a post-cathode electrolysis treatment is performed. I do. Alternatively, an aqueous solution containing no sulfuric acid or sulfate may be used.
- a cold-rolled steel sheet is subjected to nickel plating, and then subjected to an annealing treatment, and then contains a hexavalent chromium compound, a fluorine-containing compound, and does not contain sulfuric acid or sulfate except for sulfuric acid or sulfate which is inevitably mixed.
- a first-stage cathodic electrolytic treatment is performed on a steel sheet using an aqueous solution, followed by an anodic electrolytic treatment, and further followed by a second-stage cathodic electrolytic treatment.
- a cold-rolled steel sheet is nickel-plated, and then an annealing treatment is performed. Thereby, an iron-nickel diffusion layer is formed on the surface of the steel sheet.
- Nickel plating is applied to the cold-rolled steel sheet before annealing, and at the same time as the steel sheet is recrystallized during annealing, nickel is thermally diffused inside the steel sheet to form an iron-nickel diffusion layer.
- the amount of nickel deposited on the nickel plating is not particularly limited. In order to satisfy the nickel deposition amount and the desired thickness of the iron-nickel diffusion layer described above, nickel deposition is performed.
- the nickel adhesion amount of the plating is preferably 50 mg / m 2 or more, and more preferably 70 mg / m 2 or more.
- the upper limit of the nickel adhesion amount is not particularly limited, but is preferably 500 mg / m 2 or less from the viewpoint of production cost.
- a metal chromium layer and a chromium oxide layer are formed on the surface of the iron-nickel diffusion layer.
- the formation of the metal chromium layer and the chromium oxide layer is performed by using a hexavalent chromium compound, a fluorine-containing compound, and an aqueous solution containing sulfuric acid or sulfate, performing a pre-stage cathodic electrolytic treatment on the steel sheet, Anodic electrolysis is performed under the conditions described above, and then the subsequent cathodic electrolysis is performed under predetermined conditions.
- chromium hydrate oxide which is an intermediate product to metal chromium, is formed on the surface of the metal chromium.
- chromium hydrated oxide is intermittently subjected to electrolytic treatment, or is immersed in an aqueous solution of a hexavalent chromium compound for a long time, thereby dissolving unevenly. Granular projections are formed.
- the metal chromium is frequently and entirely dissolved on the steel sheet, and becomes the starting point of the metallic chromium granular projections formed in the subsequent cathodic electrolysis treatment.
- a plate-like metal chromium layer is deposited in the first-stage cathodic electrolysis, which is the cathodic electrolysis performed before the anodic electrolysis, and the granular metal chromium layer (granular) is formed in the second-stage cathodic electrolysis, which is the cathodic electrolysis performed after the anodic electrolysis. Projections) are deposited.
- Each deposition amount can be controlled by the electrolysis conditions in each electrolysis process.
- the aqueous solution used in the production method of the present invention contains a hexavalent chromium compound, a fluorine-containing compound, and sulfuric acid or sulfate.
- a hexavalent chromium compound or a fluorine-containing compound it may be an aqueous solution containing no sulfuric acid or sulfuric acid except for sulfuric acid or sulfate which is inevitably mixed.
- the fluorine-containing compound and sulfuric acid in the aqueous solution are present in a state of being dissociated into fluoride ions, sulfate ions, and hydrogen sulfate ions. Since these act as catalysts involved in the reduction and oxidation reactions of hexavalent chromium ions present in the aqueous solution, which proceed in the cathodic electrolytic treatment and the anodic electrolytic treatment, they are generally added to the chromium plating bath as an auxiliary. You.
- the amount of chromium oxide equivalent of the chromium oxide layer of the obtained steel sheet for cans can be controlled within a predetermined range.
- a chromium oxide layer is formed on the outermost layer together with the metal chromium layer. It has been found that as the auxiliary added in the bath increases, the surface chromium oxide layer decreases. Although the reason for this is not clear, it is believed that the anion has an effect of chemically dissolving the chromium oxide layer during bath immersion, and it is considered that an increase in the amount of anion results in a decrease in the amount of generated oxide.
- the hexavalent chromium compound contained in the aqueous solution is not particularly limited.
- dichromates such as chromium trioxide (CrO 3 ) and potassium dichromate (K 2 Cr 2 O 7 ), potassium chromate Chromates such as (K 2 CrO 4 ).
- the content of the hexavalent chromium compound in the aqueous solution is preferably 0.14 to 3.0 mol / L, more preferably 0.30 to 2.5 mol / L, as the amount of Cr.
- the fluorine-containing compound contained in the aqueous solution is not particularly limited.
- hydrofluorosilicic acid salt include sodium fluorosilicate (Na 2 SiF 6 ), potassium fluorosilicate (K 2 SiF 6 ), and ammonium fluorosilicate ((NH 4 ) 2 SiF 6 ).
- the content of the fluorine-containing compound in the aqueous solution is preferably 0.02 to 0.48 mol / L, more preferably 0.08 to 0.40 mol / L, as the F amount.
- the content of sulfuric acid or sulfate in the aqueous solution is preferably from 0.0001 to 0.1 mol / L, more preferably from 0.0003 to 0.05 mol / L, as the amount of sulfate ion (SO 4 2- amount). 0.001 to 0.05 mol / L is more preferable.
- a sulfate For example, sodium sulfate, ammonium sulfate, etc. are mentioned.
- ⁇ Sulfate ions in the aqueous solution improve the electrolysis efficiency of the adhesion of the metal chromium layer by being used in combination with the fluorine-containing compound.
- the content of the sulfate ion in the aqueous solution is within the above range, it becomes easy to control the maximum particle size of the granular projections of metallic chromium deposited in the subsequent cathodic electrolytic treatment to an appropriate range.
- the sulfate ion also affects the formation of the site where the metallic chromium granular projections are formed in the anodic electrolytic treatment.
- the content of the sulfate ion in the aqueous solution is within the above range, the granular protrusions of metallic chromium are less likely to be excessively fine or coarse, and an appropriate number density is more easily obtained.
- the fluoride ion in the aqueous solution dissolves the chromium hydrated oxide during immersion, and In addition, it affects the dissolution of metallic chromium during anodic electrolytic treatment, and has a great effect on the form of metallic chromium deposited in subsequent cathodic electrolytic treatment.
- fluoride ions have a weaker effect of dissolving chromium hydrated oxide and dissolving metal chromium during anodic electrolysis than sulfuric acid.
- the contact resistance is likely to increase due to the increase in the amount of chromium hydrated oxide and the finer granular metal chromium. Therefore, in the present invention, from the viewpoint of reducing the contact resistance, particularly from the viewpoint of the contact resistance between plates, it is more preferable to use a bath to which sulfuric acid is added than to use a bath to which sulfuric acid is not added.
- sulfuric acid is inevitably mixed in a raw material such as chromium trioxide in an industrial production process, when these materials are used, sulfuric acid is inevitably mixed in an aqueous solution.
- the amount of sulfuric acid unavoidably mixed into the aqueous solution is preferably less than 0.001 mol / L, and more preferably less than 0.0001 mol / L.
- the first-stage cathodic electrolysis, the anodic electrolysis, and the second-stage cathodic electrolysis it is preferable to use only one kind of aqueous solution.
- the liquid temperature of the aqueous solution in each electrolytic treatment is preferably from 20 to 80 ° C, more preferably from 40 to 60 ° C.
- a metal chromium layer (a flat metal chromium layer and a granular metal chromium layer) and a chromium oxide layer are deposited.
- the electric quantity density (the product of the current density and the energization time) of the former-stage cathode electrolysis treatment is 20 5050 C / dm 2 is preferred, and 25-45 C / dm 2 is more preferred.
- the current density (unit: A / dm 2 ) and energization time (unit: sec.) are set as appropriate from the above-mentioned electric quantity density.
- the former-stage cathodic electrolysis may not be a continuous electrolysis. That is, the former-stage cathodic electrolysis treatment may be an intermittent electrolysis treatment in which there is inevitably a non-energized immersion time by performing electrolysis separately for a plurality of electrodes in industrial production. In the case of intermittent electrolysis, it is preferable that the total amount of electricity be within the above range.
- the anodic electrolytic treatment has a role of dissolving the metal chromium layer deposited in the preceding cathodic electrolytic treatment to form a generation site of the granular protrusion of the granular metallic chromium layer.
- the dissolution in the anodic electrolysis treatment is too strong, the number of generation sites is reduced and the number density of the granular protrusions per unit area is reduced, or the dissolution proceeds unevenly and the distribution of the granular protrusions occurs. Or may be.
- the metal chromium layer formed by the first-stage cathodic electrolytic treatment and the anodic electrolytic treatment is mainly a plate-like metallic chromium layer.
- the electric charge density of the anodic electrolysis (the product of the current density and the current time) is less than 0.3 C / dm 2 super 5.0C / dm 2 is preferred.
- Electric charge density of the anodic electrolysis treatment is more preferably 0.3 C / dm 2 super 3.0C / dm 2 or less, more preferably 0.3 C / dm 2 Ultra 2.0 C / dm 2 or less.
- the current density (unit: A / dm 2 ) and energization time (unit: sec.) are set as appropriate from the above-mentioned electric quantity density.
- the anodic electrolysis may not be a continuous electrolysis. That is, the anodic electrolysis treatment may be an intermittent electrolysis treatment in which there is inevitably a non-energized immersion time by performing electrolysis separately for a plurality of electrodes in industrial production. In the case of intermittent electrolysis, it is preferable that the total amount of electricity be within the above range.
- ⁇ Second-stage cathode electrolysis treatment> As described above, in the cathodic electrolysis, a metal chromium layer and a chromium oxide layer are deposited. In particular, in the latter-stage cathodic electrolysis, the granular metal chromium layer is formed with the granular metal chromium layer starting from the generation site of the granular metal chromium layer. At this time, if the current density and the electric quantity density are too large, the granular projections of the granular metal chromium layer may grow rapidly, and the particle size may become coarse.
- the current density of the latter-stage cathode electrolytic treatment is preferably less than 60.0 A / dm 2 .
- the current density of the subsequent cathode electrolytic treatment is more preferably less than 50.0 A / dm 2, more preferably less than 40.0A / dm 2.
- the lower limit is not particularly limited, but is preferably 10.0A / dm 2 or more, 15.0A / dm 2 or more is more preferable.
- the electricity density of the latter-stage cathode electrolytic treatment is preferably less than 30.0 C / dm 2 .
- Electric charge density of the subsequent cathode electrolytic treatment is more preferably 25.0C / dm 2 or less, more preferably 7.0C / dm 2 or less.
- the lower limit is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1.0 C / dm 2 or more, 2.0 C / dm 2 or more is more preferable.
- the energization time (unit: sec.) Is appropriately set from the above-mentioned current density and electric quantity density.
- the subsequent cathodic electrolysis may not be a continuous electrolysis. That is, the latter-stage cathodic electrolysis treatment may be an intermittent electrolysis treatment in which there is inevitably a non-energized immersion time by performing electrolysis separately for a plurality of electrodes in industrial production. In the case of intermittent electrolysis, it is preferable that the total amount of electricity be within the above range.
- immersion treatment of electrolessly immersing the steel sheet in an aqueous solution containing a hexavalent chromium compound may be performed by using a chromium plating bath. Even if such an immersion treatment or the second electrolytic treatment is performed, there is no influence on the thickness of the flat metal chromium layer, the number density per unit area of the granular projections of the granular metal chromium layer, or the maximum particle diameter. Has no effect.
- the hexavalent chromium compound contained in the aqueous solution used for the immersion treatment or the second electrolysis treatment is not particularly limited.
- a steel plate having a temper of T4CA manufactured at a plate thickness of # 0.22 mm was subjected to ordinary degreasing and pickling.
- Nickel plating was performed, and thereafter, an annealing treatment was performed.
- Nickel plating using a Watts bath of a nickel sulfate (NiSO 4 ⁇ 6H 2 O) 250g / L, nickel chloride (NiCl 2 ⁇ 6H 2 O) 45g / L, boric acid (H 3 BO 3) 30g / L, Electroplating was performed under the conditions of a bath temperature of 60 ° C., a pH of 4.5 and a current density of 10 A / dm 2 , and the amount of nickel deposited was changed by adjusting the electrolysis time. Thereafter, an annealing treatment was performed on the nickel-plated steel sheet.
- the annealing conditions were the conditions shown in Table 1, and the amount of nickel contained in the iron-nickel diffusion layer and the thickness of the iron-nickel diffusion layer were changed by changing the nickel adhesion amount and the annealing conditions. For comparison, conditions were also set such that an annealing treatment was performed without nickel plating or nickel plating was performed after the annealing treatment so that a desired iron-nickel diffusion layer was not formed.
- the aqueous solution shown in Table 2 was circulated at a flow rate of 100 mpm by a pump in a flow cell, and a lead electrode was used, and electrolysis was performed under the conditions shown in Table 1.
- TFS a steel sheet for cans.
- the first electrolytic treatment (a series of electrolytic treatments of a first-stage cathodic electrolytic treatment, an anodic electrolytic treatment, and a second-stage cathodic electrolytic treatment) is set as a standard condition, and a part of the first electrolytic treatment is performed after the first electrolytic treatment, and then the second electrolytic treatment is performed.
- the prepared steel sheet for cans was washed with water and dried at room temperature using a blower.
- the thickness of the iron-nickel diffusion layer was measured by GDS.
- the GDS measurement conditions are as follows.
- the method for calculating the thickness of the iron-nickel diffusion layer is as described above (see FIG. 1).
- Apparatus: Rigaku GDA750 Anode inner diameter: 4mm Analysis mode: High frequency low voltage mode Discharge power: 40W Control pressure: 2.9 hPa Detector: Photomal detection wavelength: Ni 341.4 nm
- the deposited amount of the metal chromium layer and the deposited amount of the chromium oxide layer in terms of metal chromium in the prepared steel sheet for cans were measured.
- the measuring method is as described above.
- the number density and the maximum particle diameter of the granular protrusions per unit area were measured.
- the measuring method is as described above.
- (1) Plating coating property A sample was cut out from the prepared steel sheet for cans and immersed in a 5% copper sulfate solution at 30 ° C for 1 minute. Then, it was washed with water and dried, and the amount of deposited copper was analyzed with a fluorescent X-ray apparatus. The plating coverage was evaluated according to the following criteria according to the amount of copper deposited. Practically, if " ⁇ ", " ⁇ ” or " ⁇ ”, it can be evaluated as having excellent plating coverage in a flat state. If the plating coverage is poor, the primary rust-preventive property of the steel sheet for cans after storage is poor, and this poses a practical problem as a steel sheet for cans.
- a sample of a steel plate for a can is passed through a film laminating apparatus under conditions such that the roll pressure is 4 kg / cm 2 , the plate feed speed is 40 mpm, and the surface temperature of the plate after passing through the roll is 160 ° C.
- Post-heating (holding at a reached plate temperature of 210 ° C. for 120 seconds) was performed in a batch furnace.
- ⁇ Contact resistance of 100 ⁇ or less ⁇ : Contact resistance of more than 100 ⁇ , 500 ⁇ or less ⁇ : Contact resistance of more than 500 ⁇ , 1000 ⁇ or less ⁇ : Contact resistance of more than 1000 ⁇ , 3000 ⁇ or less ⁇ : Contact resistance of more than 1000 ⁇
- Table 1 shows production conditions and evaluation results. 1 and Table 1-2 show the aqueous solution used for the electrolytic treatment in Table 2, respectively.
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Abstract
Description
[1]鋼板の少なくとも一方の表面に、鋼板側から順に、鉄-ニッケル拡散層、金属クロム層および酸化クロム層を備え、
前記鉄-ニッケル拡散層は、鋼板片面あたりのニッケル付着量が50mg/m2以上500mg/m2以下、かつ、鋼板片面あたりの厚さが、0.060μm以上0.500μm以下であり、
前記金属クロム層は、平板状金属クロム層と、前記平板状金属クロム層の表面に形成された粒状金属クロム層とを有し、両者を合計した鋼板片面あたりのクロム付着量が60mg/m2以上200mg/m2以下であり、さらに、前記粒状金属クロム層は、単位面積あたりの個数密度が5個/μm2以上、かつ、最大粒径が150nm以下の粒状突起を有し、
前記酸化クロム層は、鋼板片面あたりのクロム付着量が金属クロム換算で3mg/m2以上10mg/m2以下である缶用鋼板。
[2]冷延鋼板にニッケルめっきを施し、次いで焼鈍処理を行った後、
六価クロム化合物、フッ素含有化合物、および、硫酸または硫酸塩を含有する水溶液を用いて、鋼板に対して、前段陰極電解処理を行い、続けて、陽極電解処理を行い、さらに続けて、後段陰極電解処理を行う缶用鋼板の製造方法。
[3]冷延鋼板にニッケルめっきを施し、次いで焼鈍処理を行った後、
六価クロム化合物、フッ素含有化合物を含有し、不可避的に混入する硫酸または硫酸塩を除いて硫酸または硫酸塩を含有しない水溶液を用いて、鋼板に対して、前段陰極電解処理を行い、続けて、陽極電解処理を行い、さらに続けて、後段陰極電解処理を行う缶用鋼板の製造方法。
本発明の缶用鋼板の素材となる鋼板の種類については、特に限定されない。通常、容器材料として使用される鋼板(例えば、低炭素鋼板、極低炭素鋼板)を用いることができる。この鋼板の製造方法、材質なども特に限定されない。通常の鋼片製造工程から熱間圧延、酸洗、冷間圧延、焼鈍、調質圧延等の工程を経て製造される。
本発明の缶用鋼板は、鋼板の少なくとも一方の表面に鉄-ニッケル拡散層を有する。
本発明の缶用鋼板は、上述した鉄-ニッケル拡散層の表面に、金属クロム層を有する。本発明の金属クロム層は、平板状金属クロム層と、平板状金属クロム層の表面に形成された粒状金属クロム層とを有する。
平板状金属クロム層は、主に、鋼板表面を被覆し、耐食性を向上させる役割を担う。
粒状金属クロム層は、上述した平板状金属クロム層の表面に形成された粒状突起を有する金属クロム層であり、主として、缶用鋼板どうしの接触抵抗を低下させて溶接性を向上させる役割を担う。接触抵抗が低下する推定のメカニズムは以下のとおりである。
本発明の缶用鋼板は、金属クロム層の表面に、さらに酸化クロム層を備える。
本発明の製造方法に用いる水溶液は、六価クロム化合物、フッ素含有化合物、および、硫酸または硫酸塩を含有する。もしくは、六価クロム化合物、フッ素含有化合物を含有していれば、不可避的に混入する硫酸または硫酸塩を除いて、硫酸または硫酸を含有しない水溶液でもよい。
前段陰極電解処理では、金属クロム層(平板状金属クロム層と粒状金属クロム層)および酸化クロム層を析出させる。このとき、適切な析出量とする観点、および、平板状金属クロム層の適切な厚さを確保する観点から、前段陰極電解処理の電気量密度(電流密度と通電時間との積)は、20~50C/dm2が好ましく、25~45C/dm2がより好ましい。
陽極電解処理は、前段陰極電解処理で析出した金属クロム層を溶解させて、粒状金属クロム層の粒状突起の発生サイトを形成する役割を担う。このとき、陽極電解処理での溶解が強すぎると、発生サイトが減少して粒状突起の単位面積あたりの個数密度が減少したり、不均一に溶解が進行して粒状突起の分布にばらつきが生じたりする場合がある。
上述したように、陰極電解処理では、金属クロム層および酸化クロム層を析出させる。とりわけ、後段陰極電解処理では、上述した粒状金属クロム層の粒状突起の発生サイトを起点として、粒状金属クロム層の粒状突起を生成させる。このとき、電流密度および電気量密度が大きすぎると、粒状金属クロム層の粒状突起が急激に成長し、粒径が粗大となる場合がある。
装置:リガク社製GDA750
陽極内径:4mm
分析モード:高周波低電圧モード
放電電力:40W
制御圧力:2.9hPa
検出器:フォトマル
検出波長:Ni=341.4nm
また、作製した缶用鋼板における、金属クロム層の付着量、および、酸化クロム層の金属クロム換算の付着量を測定した。測定方法は、上述したとおりである。さらに、金属クロム層の粒状金属クロム層について、粒状突起の単位面積あたりの個数密度および最大粒径を測定した。なお、測定方法は、上述したとおりである。
(1)めっき被覆性
作製した缶用鋼板からサンプルを切り出し、5%硫酸銅溶液を30℃として1分間浸漬させた。その後、水洗し、乾燥させ、銅の析出量を蛍光X線装置にて分析した。銅の析出量に応じて、めっきの被覆性を下記基準で評価した。実用上、「◎◎」、「◎」または「○」であれば、平板状態でのめっき被覆性に優れるものとして評価できる。なお、めっき被覆性が不良である場合、製造後の缶用鋼板を保管する際の一次防錆性に劣るため、缶用鋼板として実用上問題となる。
◎:20mg/m2以上30mg/m2未満
○:30mg/m2以上40mg/m2未満
△:40mg/m2以上60mg/m2未満
×:60mg/m2以上
(2)加工後耐食性
作製した缶用鋼板からサンプルを押し込み深さ4mmでエリクセン加工し、その後、評価用サンプルを、気温40℃、相対湿度80%の恒温恒湿庫内で7日間経時させた。その後、エリクセン加工部を光学顕微鏡で低倍観察した写真から画像解析により、発錆面積率を確認し、下記基準で評価した。実用上、「◎◎」、「◎」または「○」であれば、耐錆性に優れるものとして評価できる。
◎◎:発錆1%未満
◎:発錆1%以上2%未満
○:発錆2%以上5%未満
△:発錆5%以上10%未満
×:発錆10%以上
(3)溶接性
作製した缶用鋼板について、塗装焼付工程を想定して210℃×10分の熱処理を施し、接触抵抗を測定した。まず、缶用鋼板のサンプルを、フィルムラミネート装置に、ロール加圧4kg/cm2、板送り速度40mpm、ロール通過後の板の表面温度が160℃となるような条件で通板させ、次いで、バッチ炉中で後加熱(到達板温210℃で120秒保持)を行なった。その後、熱処理後のサンプルを重ね合わせて、DR型1質量%Cr-Cu電極を先端径が6mm、曲率R40mmとして加工した電極で挟み込んで、加圧力1kgf/cm2として15秒保持した後、10Aの通電を行い、板-板間および板-電極間の接触抵抗を測定した。10点測定し、平均値を接触抵抗値とし、下記基準で評価した。実用上、「◎◎」、「◎」または「○」であれば、溶接性に優れるものとして評価できる。
◎◎:接触抵抗100μΩ以下
◎:接触抵抗100μΩ超、500μΩ以下
○:接触抵抗500μΩ超、1000μΩ以下
△:接触抵抗1000μΩ超、3000μΩ以下
×:接触抵抗1000μΩ超
各製造条件および評価結果を表1-1および表1-2に、電解処理に用いた水溶液を表2にそれぞれ示す。
Claims (3)
- 鋼板の少なくとも一方の表面に、鋼板側から順に、鉄-ニッケル拡散層、金属クロム層および酸化クロム層を備え、
前記鉄-ニッケル拡散層は、鋼板片面あたりのニッケル付着量が50mg/m2以上500mg/m2以下、かつ、鋼板片面あたりの厚さが、0.060μm以上0.500μm以下であり、
前記金属クロム層は、平板状金属クロム層と、前記平板状金属クロム層の表面に形成された粒状金属クロム層とを有し、両者を合計した鋼板片面あたりのクロム付着量が60mg/m2以上200mg/m2以下であり、さらに、前記粒状金属クロム層は、単位面積あたりの個数密度が5個/μm2以上、かつ、最大粒径が150nm以下の粒状突起を有し、
前記酸化クロム層は、鋼板片面あたりのクロム付着量が金属クロム換算で3mg/m2以上10mg/m2以下である缶用鋼板。 - 冷延鋼板にニッケルめっきを施し、次いで焼鈍処理を行った後、
六価クロム化合物、フッ素含有化合物、および、硫酸または硫酸塩を含有する水溶液を用いて、鋼板に対して、前段陰極電解処理を行い、続けて、陽極電解処理を行い、さらに続けて、後段陰極電解処理を行う缶用鋼板の製造方法。 - 冷延鋼板にニッケルめっきを施し、次いで焼鈍処理を行った後、
六価クロム化合物、フッ素含有化合物を含有し、不可避的に混入する硫酸または硫酸塩を除いて硫酸または硫酸塩を含有しない水溶液を用いて、鋼板に対して、前段陰極電解処理を行い、続けて、陽極電解処理を行い、さらに続けて、後段陰極電解処理を行う缶用鋼板の製造方法。
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