WO2020042404A1 - 用于远程眼底筛查的质量控制方法和***、及存储设备 - Google Patents

用于远程眼底筛查的质量控制方法和***、及存储设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020042404A1
WO2020042404A1 PCT/CN2018/117915 CN2018117915W WO2020042404A1 WO 2020042404 A1 WO2020042404 A1 WO 2020042404A1 CN 2018117915 W CN2018117915 W CN 2018117915W WO 2020042404 A1 WO2020042404 A1 WO 2020042404A1
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Prior art keywords
fundus image
consultation
fundus
remote
personal information
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PCT/CN2018/117915
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
余轮
邱应强
林嘉雯
曹新容
王丽纳
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福州依影健康科技有限公司
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Priority to AU2018438331A priority Critical patent/AU2018438331A1/en
Priority to US17/271,610 priority patent/US20210343007A1/en
Publication of WO2020042404A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020042404A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T7/00—Image analysis
    • G06T7/0002—Inspection of images, e.g. flaw detection
    • G06T7/0012—Biomedical image inspection
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B3/00—Apparatus for testing the eyes; Instruments for examining the eyes
    • A61B3/10—Objective types, i.e. instruments for examining the eyes independent of the patients' perceptions or reactions
    • A61B3/12—Objective types, i.e. instruments for examining the eyes independent of the patients' perceptions or reactions for looking at the eye fundus, e.g. ophthalmoscopes
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B3/00—Apparatus for testing the eyes; Instruments for examining the eyes
    • A61B3/10—Objective types, i.e. instruments for examining the eyes independent of the patients' perceptions or reactions
    • A61B3/14—Arrangements specially adapted for eye photography
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G16—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
    • G16H—HEALTHCARE INFORMATICS, i.e. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE HANDLING OR PROCESSING OF MEDICAL OR HEALTHCARE DATA
    • G16H30/00—ICT specially adapted for the handling or processing of medical images
    • G16H30/20—ICT specially adapted for the handling or processing of medical images for handling medical images, e.g. DICOM, HL7 or PACS
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G16—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
    • G16H—HEALTHCARE INFORMATICS, i.e. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE HANDLING OR PROCESSING OF MEDICAL OR HEALTHCARE DATA
    • G16H40/00—ICT specially adapted for the management or administration of healthcare resources or facilities; ICT specially adapted for the management or operation of medical equipment or devices
    • G16H40/20—ICT specially adapted for the management or administration of healthcare resources or facilities; ICT specially adapted for the management or operation of medical equipment or devices for the management or administration of healthcare resources or facilities, e.g. managing hospital staff or surgery rooms
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G16—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
    • G16H—HEALTHCARE INFORMATICS, i.e. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE HANDLING OR PROCESSING OF MEDICAL OR HEALTHCARE DATA
    • G16H40/00—ICT specially adapted for the management or administration of healthcare resources or facilities; ICT specially adapted for the management or operation of medical equipment or devices
    • G16H40/60—ICT specially adapted for the management or administration of healthcare resources or facilities; ICT specially adapted for the management or operation of medical equipment or devices for the operation of medical equipment or devices
    • G16H40/67—ICT specially adapted for the management or administration of healthcare resources or facilities; ICT specially adapted for the management or operation of medical equipment or devices for the operation of medical equipment or devices for remote operation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G16—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
    • G16H—HEALTHCARE INFORMATICS, i.e. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE HANDLING OR PROCESSING OF MEDICAL OR HEALTHCARE DATA
    • G16H50/00—ICT specially adapted for medical diagnosis, medical simulation or medical data mining; ICT specially adapted for detecting, monitoring or modelling epidemics or pandemics
    • G16H50/20—ICT specially adapted for medical diagnosis, medical simulation or medical data mining; ICT specially adapted for detecting, monitoring or modelling epidemics or pandemics for computer-aided diagnosis, e.g. based on medical expert systems
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G16—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
    • G16H—HEALTHCARE INFORMATICS, i.e. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE HANDLING OR PROCESSING OF MEDICAL OR HEALTHCARE DATA
    • G16H80/00—ICT specially adapted for facilitating communication between medical practitioners or patients, e.g. for collaborative diagnosis, therapy or health monitoring
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N7/00—Television systems
    • H04N7/18—Closed-circuit television [CCTV] systems, i.e. systems in which the video signal is not broadcast
    • H04N7/183—Closed-circuit television [CCTV] systems, i.e. systems in which the video signal is not broadcast for receiving images from a single remote source
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T2207/00—Indexing scheme for image analysis or image enhancement
    • G06T2207/10—Image acquisition modality
    • G06T2207/10024—Color image
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T2207/00—Indexing scheme for image analysis or image enhancement
    • G06T2207/20—Special algorithmic details
    • G06T2207/20024—Filtering details
    • G06T2207/20032—Median filtering
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T2207/00—Indexing scheme for image analysis or image enhancement
    • G06T2207/30—Subject of image; Context of image processing
    • G06T2207/30004—Biomedical image processing
    • G06T2207/30041—Eye; Retina; Ophthalmic
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T2207/00—Indexing scheme for image analysis or image enhancement
    • G06T2207/30—Subject of image; Context of image processing
    • G06T2207/30168—Image quality inspection

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of fundus image processing, in particular to a quality control method and system for remote fundus screening, and a storage device.
  • DR screening diabetic retinopathy
  • DR screening has prevention guidelines and diagnostic criteria that are related to diabetes and can guide treatment.
  • DR screening can reduce the risk of blindness by 94.4 %, but due to the lack of fundus reading or ophthalmology specialists in the majority of primary medical institutions in various countries, the DR screening rate is generally not high in many countries, even less than 10% in China!
  • Telemedicine is an effective way to carry out DR screening and improve screening rates and patient compliance"!
  • the eye is the only part of the human body that can directly see blood vessels and nerves without surgery. Medical evidence shows that the circulatory system of the retina and brain has similar anatomical, physiological and embryonic development characteristics.
  • fundus blood vessel changes are also the main basis for the risk stratification of hypertension.
  • fundus cameras can also be used for glaucoma, cataracts (operation maturity), and Remote Screening for Cerebrovascular Related Fundus Lesions or Vascular Changes.
  • fundus cameras to obtain fundus images is an important first step to achieve the above-mentioned telemedicine fundus screening.
  • health medical information such as fundus images collected or uploaded by primary medical institutions and health care institutions.
  • a study by Beijing Tongren Hospital about 40% of the fundus images from remote fundus images and medical information uploaded by basic-level terminal application agencies have quality problems.
  • a quality control method for remote fundus screening which comprises the steps of: a terminal application mechanism obtains a fundus image of a subject through a fundus camera, and combines the fundus image, personal information accompanying the subject, and a questionnaire.
  • the diagnosis data is sent to a remote interpretation consultation center; the remote interpretation consultation center receives the fundus image, personal information, and inquiry data, and pre-reads the fundus image, personal information, and inquiry data to determine the fundus image , Whether personal information and consultation materials are qualified;
  • the pre-judgment includes: whether the fundus image is a fundus image required for remote interpretation of the consultation center, whether the fundus image is left or right eye, whether the fundus image structure is complete, Whether one or more of the fundus images are clear; if the fundus images, personal information, and consultation data are qualified, send a pre-judgment conclusion to the terminal application organization, and conduct a consultation consultation on the qualified fundus images; if Fundus images, personal information, and consultation materials were unqualified, and the remote interpretation consultation
  • the "whether the fundus image is a fundus image required for a remote interpretation consultation center, whether the fundus image is a left eye or a right eye, and whether the fundus image structure is complete" further includes a step of: The optic disc and the macula are identified and calibrated, and whether the fundus image includes the optic disc and the macula is determined based on the recognition result. If the fundus image includes the optic disc and the macula, the fundus image is a fundus image required for remote interpretation consultation; According to the recognition and calibration results of the fundus image and the macula, determine whether the fundus image is the left eye or the right eye; and determine whether the optic disc and the macula are within a preset interval of the fundus image according to the calibration result. If the optic disc and the macula are within a preset interval of the fundus image, the fundus image structure is complete.
  • the "whether the fundus image is clear" further includes the step of determining whether the small blood vessels on the surface of the optic disc and the nerve fiber layer in the posterior pole of the fundus image are distinguishable. If the polar retinal nerve fiber layer is discernible, then the fundus image definition is acceptable.
  • the fundus image, personal information, and consultation data are qualified, send a pre-judgment conclusion to the terminal application organization, and conduct a consultation consultation on the qualified fundus image; if the fundus image, personal information, and consultation The data is unqualified, and the remote interpretation consultation center terminates the interpretation.
  • the terminal application agency receives the pre-qualification information and sends a reminder message to remind: the subject can leave or continue to rest nearby and wait for the remote interpretation consultation center.
  • the remote interpretation consultation center sends a notification of disqualification to the terminal application agency; the terminal application agency receives the unqualified notification information and obtains the subject's Fundus images, and re-uploaded to the remote interpretation consultation center.
  • the method further includes the step of determining whether the terminal application organization has specific software that can be used for The eye fundus image, the personal information and the consultation information carried by the subject are locally pre-read. If the terminal application organization is provided with specific software, it can be used to locally predict the fundus image, the personal information and the questionnaire information provided by the subject. For interpretation, the terminal application agency directly performs local pre-reading of the fundus image, personal information, and consultation information.
  • a corresponding prompt message is issued to remind the subject that he can leave or continue to rest nearby and wait Consultation results of the remote interpretation center; if the terminal application organization is not provided with software that can be used to pre-read the fundus image, the personal information and questionnaire information of the examinee, determine whether the terminal application organization is the correct one
  • the terminal application agency sends a prompt message prompting the subject not to leave the terminal application agency until the uploaded fundus image, personal The information and the consultation data are qualified or the subject is allowed to rest nearby to wait for the remote interpretation consultation result of the remote interpretation consultation center.
  • a storage device is also provided, as follows:
  • a storage device stores an instruction set for performing: obtaining a fundus image, personal information, and inquiry data of a subject sent by a remote terminal; and performing an inspection on the fundus image, personal information, and inquiry data Performing pre-judgment reading to determine whether the fundus image, personal information, and consultation data are qualified; the pre-judgment reading includes: whether the fundus image is a required fundus image, the fundus image is a left or right eye, and the fundus One or more of whether the image structure is complete and whether the fundus image is clear; if the fundus image, personal information, and consultation information are qualified, send a pre-judgment conclusion to the remote terminal, and conduct a consultation consultation on the qualified fundus image ; If the fundus image, personal information and consultation data are unqualified, the interpretation is terminated.
  • the instruction set is further configured to execute: "whether the fundus image is a fundus image required for remote interpretation of a consultation center, the fundus image is a left or right eye, and whether the fundus image structure is complete",
  • the method further comprises the steps of identifying and calibrating the optic disc and the macula of the fundus image, and determining whether the fundus image includes the optic disc and the macula according to the recognition result.
  • the fundus image is Remotely interpret the fundus image required for consultation; determine whether the fundus image is the left eye or the right eye according to the result of recognition and calibration of the fundus image and the macula; determine whether the optic disc and the macula are in the fundus according to the calibration result In a preset interval of the image, if the optic disc and the macula are within a preset interval of the fundus image, the fundus image structure is complete.
  • the instruction set is further used to execute: "whether the fundus image is clear", further comprising the step of: judging whether the small blood vessels on the optic disc surface and the retinal nerve fiber layer of the posterior pole of the fundus image are distinguishable, if the The small blood vessels on the surface of the optic disc and the retinal nerve fiber layer in the posterior pole can be discerned, and the clarity of the fundus image is acceptable.
  • a quality control system for remote fundus screening includes: a fundus image acquisition terminal and a remote interpretation center terminal; the fundus image acquisition terminal is connected to the remote interpretation center terminal; the fundus image acquisition terminal includes: fundus image acquisition Module and fundus image transmission module; the fundus image acquisition module is configured to: collect the fundus image of the subject and send the fundus image to the fundus image transmission module; the fundus image transmission module is used to: the fundus image, The personal information and questionnaire information carried by the subject are sent to a remote interpretation center terminal; the remote interpretation center terminal is used to pre-judge the fundus image, personal information and questionnaire data, and judge the fundus image, individual Whether the information and consultation materials are qualified; the pre-judgment includes: whether the fundus image is a fundus image required for remote interpretation of the consultation center, whether the fundus image is left or right eye, whether the fundus image structure is complete, and Whether one or more of the fundus images are clear; if the fundus images, personal information and questions If the diagnosis data is qualified, the pre-reading conclusion
  • the fundus image acquisition module is: a fundus camera; and the fundus image transmission module is a computer.
  • the beneficial effect of the present invention is: by pre-reading the obtained fundus image of the subject, judging whether the fundus image is qualified and meeting the requirements for interpretation consultation, in the remote interpretation consultation center, quality control system or system,
  • the quality control process or the composition of the quality control system ensures reliable pre-judgment reading of the fundus image or necessary personal information and consultation data of the examinee used to diagnose, determine whether it is qualified and meet the requirements of remote interpretation consultation .
  • the pre-judgment reading of the fundus image is based on the computer's automatic analysis, combined with the pre-judgment reading information of professional quality inspectors, and finally the conclusion of whether the fundus image is available is given. It is ensured that the fundus images finally judged to be qualified are 100% available. This double insurance control of the fundus image quality has never been done by anyone before. It is a brand new fundus image quality control system.
  • the pre-reading result of the fundus image is returned, it may be agreed that the subject needs to wait near the fundus image acquisition terminal.
  • the pre-reading result is generated, no matter whether it is qualified or not, corresponding prompt information is generated, and the prompt information is sent to the fundus image acquisition terminal.
  • the operator of the terminal application mechanism can check the returned prompt information to respond. Adjustment, or re-acquisition of fundus images and related necessary personal information or consultation materials; to ensure the smooth progress of remote fundus medical screening.
  • the operator of the terminal application organization responsible for fundus image collection must receive the corresponding pre-interpretation result and prompt information after receiving the remote interpretation consultation center, and must return corresponding prompt information to the remote interpretation consultation center or remote interpretation consultation center, In this way, it is possible to prevent misoperation by the operators of the terminal application agency, violation of relevant quality control processes or procedures, and unauthorized departure of the operators of the terminal application agency in the morning.
  • FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a quality control method for remote fundus screening according to a specific embodiment
  • FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a storage device according to a specific embodiment
  • FIG. 3 is a module connection diagram of a quality control system for remote fundus screening according to a specific embodiment.
  • the key idea of the present invention is that for the fundus image uploaded by the remote terminal application agency, the grassroots or terminal application agency operator, the remote interpretation consultation center or the remote interpretation consultation center pre-reader, the computer-assisted system, the related quality control system, etc.
  • the multiple quality control system controls ensure that the fundus images used for disease analysis and judgment are 100% available.
  • an application scenario of a quality control method for remote fundus screening is: a grassroots or terminal application agency, and a fundus camera and a fundus camera are provided in the grassroots and terminal application agency.
  • a PC that can communicate (of course, you can also listen to the physical connection communication: such as a USB port), etc., and then connect to the PC to remotely interpret the consultation center.
  • a health clinic in a remote area is a terminal application organization, and a remote interpretation consultation center may be located in Beijing.
  • Step S101 The terminal application mechanism obtains the fundus image of the subject through the fundus camera, and sends the fundus image, the personal information and questionnaire information of the subject to the remote interpretation consultation center.
  • the following method can be adopted: the fundus camera obtains the fundus image of the subject A, transmits it to the PC of the terminal application organization through the USB interface, and inputs the corresponding personal information and consultation information to the PC, which is sent to the remote by the PC uniformly Visit a consultation center.
  • step S102 the remote interpretation consultation center receives the fundus image, personal information, and inquiry data, and pre-reads the fundus image, personal information, and inquiry data to determine the fundus image, personal Whether the information and consultation materials are qualified; the pre-judgment includes: whether the fundus image is a fundus image required for remote interpretation of the consultation center, whether the fundus image is left or right eye, whether the fundus image structure is complete, and Whether one or more of the fundus images are clear.
  • Identify and calibrate the optic disc and the macula of the fundus image and determine whether the fundus image includes the optic disc and the macula according to the recognition result; if the fundus image includes the optic disc and the macula, the fundus image is required for remote interpretation consultation Fundus image; judging whether the fundus image is the left eye or the right eye according to the recognition and calibration of the fundus image and the macula; determining whether the optic disc and the macula are in the fundus image according to the calibration result Within the interval, if the optic disc and the macula are within a preset interval of the fundus image, the fundus image structure is complete.
  • the fundus image to be inspected is subjected to green channel selection, median filtering, limited contrast enhancement, and normalization of gray scale.
  • the redundant background in the fundus image can be removed and the noise can be effectively denoised, which is more conducive to subsequent fundus image analysis.
  • the details are as follows: In any color fundus image, there is more noise under the blue channel, and useful information is basically lost. The two spots under the red channel are more prominent, and dark blood vessels, microhemangiomas and other information are lost. Therefore, in this implementation In the method, the green fundus image to be inspected is selected for the green channel to retain and highlight the fundus vessels to the greatest extent.
  • median filtering is performed on the fundus image under the green channel to achieve denoising
  • contrast enhancement is performed on the denoised images.
  • a limited contrast enhancement method CLAHE is used in this embodiment.
  • a normalization process is performed so that the pixel values of all pixels in an image fall between 0-1.
  • the pre-processed fundus image is extracted with a binarized blood vessel map by the Otsu algorithm, and the binarized blood vessel map is corroded by a morphological method to obtain a main blood vessel.
  • the following method can be adopted: the threshold value is calculated through the Otsu algorithm for the pre-processed fundus image, and pixels with a gray value greater than the threshold value are identified as blood vessels according to the following formula;
  • the center of the optic disc is located according to the calculation result.
  • the following methods can be adopted: the upper left corner of the fundus image is used as the origin, the horizontal direction is the X axis, and the vertical direction is the Y axis to establish a coordinate system;
  • a parabolic fit of the main blood vessel is performed according to the least square method, the parameters of the parabola are determined, and the vertex of the parabola is calculated.
  • Macular positioning based on appearance features and structural features According to the positional relationship between the macula and the optic disc, first of all, based on the identified optic disc center, the search range of foci is further narrowed. In a preferred manner, since the distance between the macular fovea and the center of the optic disc is generally 2 to 3 times the diameter of the optic disc, with the optic disc center as the center, a ring mask is constructed and defined as the foveal search range; then In the search area, the positioning of the fovea is completed according to the characteristics of the lowest brightness of the fovea. In a preferred manner, the position of the fovea is determined using a fast search method based on the brightness contrast between the regions; finally, according to the brightness information, the fovea region is fitted with the fovea as the center and the circle is fitted.
  • the structural integrity of the fundus image was determined. According to the judgment conditions shown in Table 1, the image that satisfies the condition is an image with qualified integrity. Among them, Dod is the diameter of the optic disc.
  • the fundus image is a fundus image
  • the following methods may be used: judging whether the small blood vessels on the surface of the optic disc and the retinal nerve fiber layer of the posterior pole of the fundus image are distinguishable. The small blood vessels on the surface of the optic disc and the nerve fiber layer in the posterior pole of the image can be discerned, and then the fundus image is qualified. details as follows:
  • the optic disc center and macular center depression determine the optic disc as the center of the circle, a region of 1.5 times the diameter of the optic disc as the center of interest1, with the macular center as the center of the circle, and the area of 1 times the diameter of the optic disc as the region of interest 2;
  • Step S103 If the fundus image, personal information, and consultation data are qualified, send a pre-judgment conclusion to the terminal application organization, and perform a consultation consultation on the qualified fundus image.
  • Step S104 If the fundus image, personal information, and consultation data are unqualified, the remote interpretation consultation center terminates the interpretation.
  • the terminal application organization receives the pre-reading qualification information and sends out a reminder message to remind that the subject can leave or continue to rest nearby to wait for the result of the consultation at the remote interpretation consultation center;
  • the remote interpretation consultation center sends the unqualified reminder information to the terminal application organization;
  • the terminal application agency After receiving the unqualified prompt information, the terminal application agency obtains the fundus image of the subject again and uploads it to the remote interpretation consultation center.
  • the method further includes the following steps:
  • the terminal application agency If the terminal application agency is not provided with software that can be used to pre-read the fundus image, the personal information and questionnaire information of the subject, and determine whether the terminal application agency is an agreement for the remote interpretation consultation center
  • the terminal application agency issues a prompt message prompting: The person does not leave the terminal application organization until the uploaded fundus image, personal information, and consultation data are qualified or the subject continues to rest nearby to wait for the remote interpretation consultation result of the remote interpretation consultation center.
  • the terminal application institution receives the pre-interpretation conclusion returned by the remote interpretation consultation center as unqualified, and needs to consider whether to re-acquire the fundus image and other personal information and consultation information that are brought with it and upload it again;
  • the terminal application organization can use the online or random "local quality control automatic interpretation program" software to perform local automatic pre-reading. If it is qualified, it can be inspected. The person leaves or continues to rest nearby and waits for the remote interpretation consultation result of the remote interpretation consultation center.
  • the automatic interpretation function of the "local quality control automatic interpretation program" is the same as that of the remote interpretation consultation center's quality control automatic interpretation program software. The function is the same.
  • the terminal application agency has not purchased or has online or random "local quality control automatic interpretation program” software, if the terminal application agency is the protocol service of the remote interpretation consultation center or is closely related, no purchase or online connection is required Or the random "local quality control automatic interpretation program” software, the process or the agreement on the quality control system can be used, the terminal application agency uploads the fundus image and other personal information and consultation materials accompanying it, waiting for the When interpreting the pre-reading result of the consultation center remotely, make the subject not to leave the terminal application institution until the pre-reading of the fundus image and uploaded data is qualified or let the subject continue to rest nearby and wait for the Remote interpretation of consultation results at the consultation center;
  • the terminal application agency After the terminal application agency uploads the fundus image and other personal information and consultation information, and after receiving the pre-judgment conclusion returned from the center feedback, the subject can leave or continue to rest nearby to wait for the remote interpretation consultation The center's remote interpretation of the consultation results.
  • the remote interpretation consultation center quality control system or system
  • automatic or semi-automatic interaction can be used.
  • Human-computer interaction or image processing system further improves the accuracy and reliability of the quality control system or system.
  • the key lies in the terminal, the remote interpretation consultation center and the interaction between them, the quality control process or the The structure of the quality control system is described to ensure reliable pre-reading of the fundus image or necessary personal information and questioning materials used to analyze and diagnose the subject, determine whether they are qualified and meet the requirements of remote interpretation consultation.
  • the pre-judgment reading of the fundus image is based on the computer's automatic analysis, combined with the pre-judgment reading information of professional quality inspectors, and finally the conclusion of whether the fundus image is available is given. It is ensured that the fundus images finally judged to be qualified are 100% available. This double insurance control of the fundus image quality has never been done by anyone before. It is a brand new fundus image quality control system.
  • the pre-reading result of the fundus image is returned, it may be agreed that the subject needs to wait near the fundus image acquisition terminal.
  • the pre-reading result is generated, no matter whether it is qualified or not, corresponding prompt information is generated, and the prompt information is sent to the fundus image acquisition terminal.
  • the operator of the terminal application mechanism can check the returned prompt information to respond. Adjustment, or re-acquisition of fundus images and related necessary personal information or consultation materials; to ensure the smooth progress of remote fundus medical screening.
  • the operator of the terminal application organization responsible for fundus image collection must receive the corresponding pre-interpretation result and prompt information after receiving the remote interpretation consultation center, and must return corresponding prompt information to the remote interpretation consultation center or remote interpretation consultation center, In this way, it is possible to prevent misoperation by the operators of the terminal application agency, violation of relevant quality control processes or procedures, and unauthorized departure of the operators of the terminal application agency in the morning.
  • the pre-judgment and reading of fundus images can use automatic or semi-automatic interactive human-computer interaction methods or systems to further improve the accuracy and reliability of the quality control system or system.
  • the inspector reads the information in advance, and finally concludes whether the fundus image is available. It is ensured that the fundus images finally judged to be qualified are 100% available.
  • This kind of double insurance of quality control system process which no one has done before, is a brand new fundus image quality control system.
  • a process of the method for controlling fundus image quality in remote fundus screening conforms to and includes the following steps (where necessary personal information or consultation information has been applied in a non-destructive way to our privacy protection method Hidden in the uploaded fundus image without loss, the remote interpretation consultation center will decode the personal information or consultation data and predict its completeness or availability. The following steps will not describe these contents):
  • the basic terminal application organization sends the collected fundus images to the center, and asks the subject to wait;
  • the remote interpretation consultation center receives the fundus images transmitted by the basic terminal, pre-reads and records the image source. ;
  • the center can set or not set the link "First determine whether it is a fundus image", or you can cross this link with step d; if set and judge the image quality It is not the fundus image, (it may be a mischief of the staff of the basic terminal application organization or the operation error when choosing to send the fundus image).
  • the interpretation consultation center system will report the unqualified conclusion or specific reason (such as: non-fundus image or warning, incomplete structure, unclear image or unavailability), and feed it back to the record in step a.
  • the source of the image basic level terminal
  • it is required to re-select the correct fundus image that should be sent or the basic level terminal to reacquire the unqualified fundus image, until the fundus image and related questionnaire data sent to the remote interpretation consultation center are qualified or After unable to continue to collect the fundus image of the subject, the subject left or continued to leave the interpretation consultation results waiting for the remote interpretation consultation center to send back.
  • step d The center personnel combined with computer automatic analysis or human-computer interaction to interpret the results, and finally gave the evaluation conclusions of image quality and usability. If it is qualified, go to step e; if it is not qualified, go to step c.
  • step e Complete the identification or calibration of the optic disc and the macula, and determine whether the structure or integrity of the fundus image meets the requirements according to the prescribed standards for the quality of a single or related fundus image in the remote fundus image screening system. If the discrimination result does not meet the requirements, go to step c; if the discrimination result meets the requirements, go to step f;
  • step c If the sharpness does not meet the requirements, go to step c; if the sharpness meets the requirements, go to step g; the order of the process flow of this step can also be reversed with step e, but in general, the completion of step e after entering this step is conducive to clarity Selection of regions of interest in computerized automatic analysis of degrees;
  • the comprehensive judgment of the structure, completeness, or sharpness analysis of the fundus image is qualified, or the relevant interrogation data and the fundus are transmitted
  • the conclusion is fed back to the primary health care institution or terminal (at this time, the primary terminal staff can let the examinee leave or end the screening and wait for a specific interpretation report ),
  • the center can enter the subsequent image analysis, interpretation or consultation stage;
  • the above-mentioned method or process of fundus image quality control in remote fundus medical screening can be used as a necessary link in the system with remote fundus medical screening, and can also be used for the operation and interpretation of fundus cameras of the above-mentioned primary terminal application agencies.
  • Applications include, but are not limited to, health big data service systems based on remote fundus image inspection or screening, third-party image inspection agencies, remote Fundamental interpretation method or process for assisted identification of consultation platform, cloud health service system or fundus camera terminal.
  • a specific implementation of a storage device 200 is as follows:
  • the storage device in this embodiment corresponds to the steps performed by the remote interpretation center described above, so the details of the following steps are not described in detail.
  • a storage device 200 stores an instruction set for performing: obtaining a fundus image, personal information, and inquiry data of a subject sent by a remote terminal; and performing inspection on the fundus image, personal information, and inquiry Pre-judgment reading of the data to determine whether the fundus image, personal information and consultation data are qualified; the pre-judgment reading includes: whether the fundus image is a required fundus image, the fundus image is a left or right eye, and the One or more of whether the fundus image structure is complete and whether the fundus image is clear; if the fundus image, personal information, and consultation data are qualified, send a pre-judgment conclusion to the remote terminal, and interpret the qualified fundus image Consultation; if the fundus image, personal information and consultation data are not qualified, the interpretation is terminated.
  • the instruction set is further configured to execute: "whether the fundus image is a fundus image required for remote interpretation of a consultation center, the fundus image is a left or right eye, and whether the fundus image structure is complete",
  • the method further comprises the steps of identifying and calibrating the optic disc and the macula of the fundus image, and determining whether the fundus image includes the optic disc and the macula according to the recognition result.
  • the fundus image is Remotely interpret the fundus image required for consultation; determine whether the fundus image is the left eye or the right eye according to the result of recognition and calibration of the fundus image and the macula; determine whether the optic disc and the macula are in the fundus according to the calibration result In a preset interval of the image, if the optic disc and the macula are within a preset interval of the fundus image, the fundus image structure is complete.
  • the instruction set is further used to execute: "whether the fundus image is clear", further comprising the step of: judging whether the small blood vessels on the optic disc surface and the retinal nerve fiber layer of the posterior pole of the fundus image are distinguishable, if the The small blood vessels on the surface of the optic disc and the retinal nerve fiber layer in the posterior pole can be discerned, and the clarity of the fundus image is acceptable.
  • a quality control system 300 for remote fundus screening includes: a fundus image acquisition terminal 301 and a remote interpretation center terminal 302; the fundus image acquisition terminal 301 is connected to the remote interpretation center terminal 302;
  • the fundus image acquisition terminal 301 includes: a fundus image acquisition module 3010 and a fundus image transmission module 3011; the fundus image acquisition module 3010 is configured to: collect a fundus image of a subject, and send the fundus image to the fundus image transmission module 3011
  • the fundus image transmission module 3011 is configured to send the fundus image, the personal information and questionnaire information of the subject to the remote interpretation center terminal 302;
  • the remote interpretation center terminal 302 is configured to: pre-determine the fundus image, personal information, and questioning data, and determine whether the fundus image, personal information, and questioning data are qualified; the pre-judgement includes: the fundus Whether the image is one or more of the fundus image required for remote interpretation consultation center, whether the fundus image is left or right eye, whether the fundus image structure is complete, and whether the fundus image is clear; if the fundus image If the personal information and the consultation data are qualified, send the pre-reading conclusion to the fundus image acquisition terminal, and conduct the interpretation consultation on the qualified fundus image; if the fundus image, personal information, and consultation data are unqualified, terminate the interpretation.
  • the fundus image acquisition module 3010 is: a fundus camera; and the fundus image transmission module 3011 is: a computer.
  • a quality control system 300 for remote fundus screening is the same as the quality control method for remote fundus screening mentioned above, and is not repeated here.

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Abstract

本发明涉及眼底图像处理领域，特别涉及用于远程眼底筛查的质量控制方法和***、及存储设备。一种用于远程眼底筛查的质量控制方法，包括步骤：终端应用机构通过眼底照相机获取受检者的眼底图像，并将眼底图像、受检者随带的个人信息和问诊资料发送至远程判读会诊中心；远程判读会诊中心判断所述眼底图像、个人信息和问诊资料是否合格；若所述眼底图像、个人信息和问诊资料不合格，远程判读会诊中心终止判读。本发明可确保在患者的一次随访或筛查中获取清晰、可用的合格眼底图象，是避免造成受检查者多次往返或重复检查、造成不必要的费用或时间上的浪费，甚至影响了眼底筛查的进程或筛查率，保证远程眼底医学筛查工作有效、顺利进行的根本保障。

Description

用于远程眼底筛查的质量控制方法和***、及存储设备 技术领域
本发明涉及眼底图像处理领域，特别涉及用于远程眼底筛查的质量控制方法和***、及存储设备。
背景技术
今天，用于糖尿病视网膜病变(DR)筛查的眼底照相机技术已经成熟，而且，DR的筛查有着与糖尿病病情相关并且能够指导治疗的防治指南和诊断标准，DR筛查可使失明风险降低94.4％，但由于世界各国都存在着广大基层医疗机构缺乏眼底阅图或眼科专科医生等困难，在许多国家DR筛查率普遍都不高，在中国国甚至不到10％！各国的经验已经表明：“远程医疗是开展DR筛查和提高筛查率和患者依从性的有效办法”！眼睛是人体全身唯一不用手术就能直接看到血管和神经的部位。医学证据表明：视网膜与脑部的循环***具有相近的解剖、生理和胚胎发育等特征。因此，通过眼底血管可以了解全身尤其脑部动脉和全身中小动脉病变程度，眼底血管改变也是高血压危险分层的主要依据，同时，眼底照相机还可以用于青光眼、白内障(手术成熟度)以及与脑心血管相关的眼底病变或血管改变的远程筛查。
应用眼底照相机，获取眼底图象是实现上述远程医学眼底筛查重要的第一步，然而基层医疗机构、卫生健康服务机构采集或上传的眼底图象等健康医学信息存在质量缺陷是远程筛查中一种常见的现象，造成受检查者多次往返或重复检查，严重影响了远程筛查的顺利进行、造成不必要的花费或时间上的浪费，甚至影响了眼底筛查的进程或筛查率。根据北京同仁医院的研究显示，源于基层终端应用机构上传的远程眼底图象和医学信息中，40％左右的眼底图像存在质量问题。在图像的采集过程中，由于受人为因素和拍摄角度、白内障、小瞳孔等眼部因素的影响，会导致眼底图像出现模糊、结构不完整 等质量问题。采集或上传的眼底图像质量好坏决定了远程筛查***的服务质量，是远程眼底筛查中难以解决的一个重要问题。此外，那些在医学上难以判读的低质量图像，将直接降低后续分析的可靠性，对真正有用的信息造成干扰，影响后续服务的结果与质量。
发明内容
为此，需要提供一种图像质量控制方法，用以解决远程眼底筛查中基层或终端应用机构采集或上传的眼底图像存在模糊、结构不完整、质量差等问题。具体的技术方案如下：
一种用于远程眼底筛查的质量控制方法，其特征在于，包括步骤：终端应用机构通过眼底照相机获取受检者的眼底图像，并将所述眼底图像、受检者随带的个人信息和问诊资料发送至远程判读会诊中心；所述远程判读会诊中心接收所述眼底图像、个人信息和问诊资料，并对所述眼底图像、个人信息和问诊资料进行预判读，判断所述眼底图像、个人信息和问诊资料是否合格；所述预判读包括：所述眼底图像是否为远程判读会诊中心需要的眼底图像、所述眼底图像为左眼或右眼、所述眼底图像结构是否完整、所述眼底图像是否清晰中的一种或多种；若所述眼底图像、个人信息和问诊资料合格，发送预判读结论给终端应用机构，并对合格的眼底图像进行判读会诊；若所述眼底图像、个人信息和问诊资料不合格，远程判读会诊中心终止判读。
进一步的，所述“所述眼底图像是否为远程判读会诊中心需要的眼底图像、所述眼底图像为左眼或右眼、所述眼底图像结构是否完整”，还包括步骤：对所述眼底图像的视盘与黄斑进行识别和标定，根据所述识别结果判断所述眼底图像是否包含视盘和黄斑，若所述眼底图像包含视盘和黄斑，则所述眼底图像为远程判读会诊需要的眼底图像；根据所述眼底图像视盘与黄斑识别和标定后的结果，判断所述眼底图像为左眼或右眼；根据所述标定的结果判断所述视盘和黄斑是否在眼底图像的预设区间内，若所述视盘和黄斑在眼底 图像的预设区间内，则所述眼底图像结构完整。
进一步的，所述“眼底图像是否清晰”，还包括步骤：判断所述眼底图像的视盘表面小血管及后极部视网膜神经纤维层是否可辨，若所述眼底图像的视盘表面小血管及后极部视网膜神经纤维层可辨，则所述眼底图像清晰度合格。
进一步的，所述“若所述眼底图像、个人信息和问诊资料合格，发送预判读结论给终端应用机构，并对合格的眼底图像进行判读会诊；若所述眼底图像、个人信息和问诊资料不合格，远程判读会诊中心终止判读”，还包括步骤：终端应用机构接收到预判读合格信息，发出提示信息，用以提示：受检者可离开或继续在附近休息等待远程判读会诊中心的会诊结果；若所述眼底图像、个人信息和问诊资料不合格，远程判读会诊中心发送不合格提示信息给终端应用机构；终端应用机构接收所述不合格提示信息，则重新获取受检者的眼底图像，并重新上传至远程判读会诊中心。
进一步的，所述“并将所述眼底图像、受检者随带的个人信息和问诊资料发送至远程判读会诊中心”前，还包括步骤：判断终端应用机构是否设置有特定软件可用于对所述眼底图像、受检者随带的个人信息和问诊资料本地预判读，若所述终端应用机构设置有特定软件可用于对所述眼底图像、受检者随带的个人信息和问诊资料本地预判读，则终端应用机构直接对所述眼底图像、个人信息和问诊资料进行本地预判读，若判读结果合格，则发出对应提示信息，用以提示：受检者可以离开或继续在附近休息等待远程判读中心的会诊结果；若所述终端应用机构未设置有软件可用于对所述眼底图像、受检者随带的个人信息和问诊资料本地预判读，则判断所述终端应用机构是否为所述远程判读会诊中心的协议服务或紧密关联、不需要购买特定软件时，根据流程或质量控制体系上的约定，所述终端应用机构在收到所述远程判读会诊中心返回的预判读结果前，发出提示信息提示：受检者暂时不要离开终端应用机构，直至上传的眼底图像、个人信息和问诊资料合格或让所述受检 者继续在附近休息等待所述远程判读会诊中心的远程判读会诊结果。
为解决上述问题，还提供了一种存储设备，具体如下：
一种存储设备，其中存储有指令集，所述指令集用于执行：获取远程终端发送的受检者的眼底图像、个人信息和问诊资料；对所述眼底图像、个人信息和问诊资料进行预判读，判断所述眼底图像、个人信息和问诊资料是否合格；所述预判读包括：所述眼底图像是否为需要的眼底图像、所述眼底图像为左眼或右眼、所述眼底图像结构是否完整、所述眼底图像是否清晰中的一种或多种；若所述眼底图像、个人信息和问诊资料合格，发送预判读结论给远程终端，并对合格的眼底图像进行判读会诊；若所述眼底图像、个人信息和问诊资料不合格，终止判读。
进一步的，所述指令集用于还执行：所述“所述眼底图像是否为远程判读会诊中心需要的眼底图像、所述眼底图像为左眼或右眼、所述眼底图像结构是否完整”，还包括步骤：对所述眼底图像的视盘与黄斑进行识别和标定，根据所述识别结果判断所述眼底图像是否包含视盘和黄斑，若所述眼底图像包含视盘和黄斑，则所述眼底图像为远程判读会诊需要的眼底图像；根据所述眼底图像视盘与黄斑识别和标定后的结果，判断所述眼底图像为左眼或右眼；根据所述标定的结果判断所述视盘和黄斑是否在眼底图像的预设区间内，若所述视盘和黄斑在眼底图像的预设区间内，则所述眼底图像结构完整。
进一步的，所述指令集用于还执行：所述“眼底图像是否清晰”，还包括步骤：判断所述眼底图像的视盘表面小血管及后极部视网膜神经纤维层是否可辨，若所述眼底图像的视盘表面小血管及后极部视网膜神经纤维层可辨，则所述眼底图像清晰度合格。
为解决上述问题，还提供了一种用于远程眼底筛查的质量控制***，具体技术方案如下：
一种用于远程眼底筛查的质量控制***，包括：眼底图像采集终端和远程判读中心终端；所述眼底图像采集终端连接所述远程判读中心终端；所述 眼底图像采集终端包括：眼底图像采集模块和眼底图像传送模块；所述眼底图像采集模块用于：采集受检者的眼底图像，并发送所述眼底图像至眼底图像传送模块；所述眼底图像传送模块用于：所述眼底图像、受检者随带的个人信息和问诊资料发送至远程判读中心终端；所述远程判读中心终端用于：对所述眼底图像、个人信息和问诊资料进行预判读，判断所述眼底图像、个人信息和问诊资料是否合格；所述预判读包括：所述眼底图像是否为远程判读会诊中心需要的眼底图像、所述眼底图像为左眼或右眼、所述眼底图像结构是否完整、所述眼底图像是否清晰中的一种或多种；若所述眼底图像、个人信息和问诊资料合格，发送预判读结论给眼底图像采集终端，并对合格的眼底图像进行判读会诊；若所述眼底图像、个人信息和问诊资料不合格，终止判读。
进一步的，所述眼底图像采集模块为：眼底照相机；所述眼底图像传送模块为：电脑。
本发明的有益效果是：通过对获得的受检者眼底图像预判读，判断所述眼底图像是否合格和满足判读会诊的要求，在所述的远程判读会诊中心、质量控制***或体系中，可以使用自动或半自动的交互式人机互动方式或图像处理***，进一步提高所述质量控制***或体系工作的精准和可靠性，关键还在于所述终端、远程判读会诊中心以及它们之间的互动、所述质量控制流程或所述质量控制体系的构成，确保用来分析诊断的受检者眼底图像或必要的个人信息和问诊资料进行可靠的预判读，判断是否合格和满足远程判读会诊的要求。
对于图象不清晰或瞳孔太小的受检者，可以退一步做眼前节拍照和白内障手术成熟度远程筛查，或在医务人员严密的关注下做药水扩瞳后进行眼底照相；
对于受检者而言：避免了诊断中心后期才发现眼底图像不可用，受检者又要重新跑一趟，给用户很不好的体验，也浪费用户的时间；对于分析诊断 中心而言：可用的眼底图像不仅确保了诊断结果的稳定性、准确性，且提高诊断效率，避免无用的返工时间。
进一步的，对眼底图像的预判读在计算机自动分析的前提下，结合专业质检人员的预判读信息，最后给出眼底图像是否可用的结论。确保了最后判断合格的眼底图像均是百分百可用的。这样双重保险对眼底图像质量的控制，在此之前是没有任何人在做的，是一个全新的眼底图像质量控制体系。
进一步的，在眼底图像预判读结果返回之前，可以根据约定，受检者都需在眼底图像采集终端附近等待。而当预判读结果产生后，无论合格或不合格，均生成对应的提示信息，并发送所述提示信息至眼底图像采集终端，所述终端应用机构操作员可通过查看返回的提示信息，进行对应的调整，或重新采集眼底图象和相关必要的个人信息或问诊资料；确保远程眼底医学筛查工作的顺利进行。且负责眼底图像采集的终端应用机构操作员在接收到所述远程判读会诊中心发挥对应的预判读结果和提示信息后，必须返回对应的提示信息给所述远程判读会诊中心或远程判读会诊中心，如此可避免所述终端应用机构的操作人员的误操作、违反相关的质量控制流程或程序、所述终端应用机构上午的操作人员擅自离岗等。
附图说明
图1为具体实施方式所述一种用于远程眼底筛查的质量控制方法的流程图；
图2为具体实施方式所述一种存储设备的模块图；
图3为具体实施方式所述一种用于远程眼底筛查的质量控制***的模块连接图。
附图标记说明：
200、存储设备，
300、图像质量控制***；
301、眼底图像采集终端；
302、远程判读中心终端；
3010、眼底图像采集模块；
3011、眼底图像传送模块。
具体实施方式
为详细说明技术方案的技术内容、构造特征、所实现目的及效果，以下结合具体实施例并配合附图详予说明。
本发明的关键构思在于：对于远程终端应用机构上传的眼底图像，采用基层或终端应用机构操作人员、所述远程判读会诊中心或远程判读会诊中心预判读人员及计算机辅助***、相关质量控制***等的多重的质量控制体系把关，确保最后用于疾病分析判断的眼底图像是百分百可用的。
请参阅图1，在本实施方式中，一种用于远程眼底筛查的质量控制方法的应用场景为：基层或终端应用机构，在基层和终端应用机构中设置有眼底照相机，及跟眼底照相机可通信的PC(当然也可以是听过物理连接通信：如USB口)等，然后与该PC电脑连接的远程判读会诊中心。具体如：某偏远地区的卫生所就是终端应用机构，而远程判读会诊中心可能设置在北京。
在本实施方式中，一种用于远程眼底筛查的质量控制方法的具体实施方式如下：
步骤S101：终端应用机构通过眼底照相机获取受检者的眼底图像，并将所述眼底图像、受检者随带的个人信息和问诊资料发送至远程判读会诊中心。可采用如下方式：眼底照相机获取受检者A的眼底图像，通过USB接口将其传送到终端应用机构的PC上，并输入对应的个人信息和问诊资料到PC上，由PC统一发送至远程判读会诊中心。
在其它实施方式中，根据所述终端应用机构请求的判读会诊内容或不同目的，传送所述眼底图像到所述远程判读会诊中心时，可以只随带必要的个人信息或必要的其它信息或资料。
发送后，执行步骤S102：所述远程判读会诊中心接收所述眼底图像、个人信息和问诊资料，并对所述眼底图像、个人信息和问诊资料进行预判读，判断所述眼底图像、个人信息和问诊资料是否合格；所述预判读包括：所述眼底图像是否为远程判读会诊中心需要的眼底图像、所述眼底图像为左眼或右眼、所述眼底图像结构是否完整、所述眼底图像是否清晰中的一种或多种。
可采用如下方式：
对所述眼底图像的视盘与黄斑进行识别和标定，根据所述识别结果判断所述眼底图像是否包含视盘和黄斑，若所述眼底图像包含视盘和黄斑，则所述眼底图像为远程判读会诊需要的眼底图像；根据所述眼底图像视盘与黄斑识别和标定后的结果，判断所述眼底图像为左眼或右眼；根据所述标定的结果判断所述视盘和黄斑是否在眼底图像的预设区间内，若所述视盘和黄斑在眼底图像的预设区间内，则所述眼底图像结构完整。
具体如下：
对待检查眼底图像进行绿色通道选择、中值滤波、有限对比度增强和灰度的归一化处理。通过对眼底图像预处理，可去除眼底图像中多余的背景，有效去噪，更有利于后续眼底图像分析的进行。具体如下：任意一幅彩色眼底图像中，蓝色通道下噪声较多，有用的信息基本丢失，红色通道下两斑较为突出，而暗色的血管、微血管瘤等信息丢失较多，故在本实施方式中对待检查的彩色眼底图像进行绿色通道选择，最大程度地保留、突出眼底血管。
为去除噪声，且能较好地保留边界信息，本实施方式中对绿色通道下的眼底图像进行中值滤波，实现去噪；
为能获得更好的血管提取的效果，对已经去噪的图像进行对比度增强。为避免图像增强后出现过亮的情况，本实施方式中采用有限的对比度增强方 法CLAHE。最后，进行归一化处理，使得一幅图像中所有像素点的像素值均落在0-1之间。
对预处理后的眼底图像通过大津算法提取二值化血管图，并通过形态学方法对所述二值化血管图进行腐蚀得到主血管。可采用如下方式：对预处理后的眼底图像通过大津算法计算阈值，并根据以下公式将灰度值大于阈值的像素认定为血管；
Figure PCTCN2018117915-appb-000001
并根据视盘直径为图像宽度的1/8-1/5，及主血管的宽度为视盘直径的1/4构造结构元素，利用所述结构元素对已提取的血管进行腐蚀操作，去除细小血管，得到主血管。
得到主血管后，对主血管进行抛物线拟合计算，根据计算结果定位视盘中心。可采用如下方式：以眼底图像左上角为原点，水平方向为X轴，垂直方向为Y轴，建立坐标系；
将所述主血管中的各个像素点映射为所述坐标系的坐标；
如以下公式所示，根据最小二乘法对主血管进行抛物线拟合，确定抛物线的参数，并计算抛物线的顶点，
f(x)＝ax 2+bx+c
Figure PCTCN2018117915-appb-000002
判断所述抛物线顶点是否落在原眼底图像中，若所述抛物线顶点落在原眼底图像中，则定义所述抛物线顶点为视盘中心。
基于外观特征与结构特征的黄斑定位：依据到黄斑与视盘间的位置关系，首先在已确定的视盘中心基础上，进一步缩小中心凹的搜索范围。在一种优选方式下，由于黄斑中心凹与视盘中心的距离一般在2倍到3倍的视盘直径大小，以视盘中心为圆心，构造出环形掩模，将其定义为中心凹搜索范围；接着在搜索范围区域内，根据中心凹亮度最低的特点，完成中心凹的定位。 在一种优选方式下，采用基于区域间亮度对比的快速搜索方式，确定中心凹的位置；最后根据亮度信息，以中心凹为圆心，圆形拟合黄斑区域。
在确定黄斑与视盘中心后，进行眼底图像结构完整性判定。根据表1所示的判决条件，满足的条件的图像即为完整性合格的图像。其中，Dod为视盘直径。
Figure PCTCN2018117915-appb-000003
表1
若所述眼底图像是眼底图像，则判别所述眼底图像结构是否清晰，可采用如下方式：判断所述眼底图像的视盘表面小血管及后极部视网膜神经纤维层是否可辨，若所述眼底图像的视盘表面小血管及后极部视网膜神经纤维层可辨，则所述眼底图像清晰度合格。具体如下：
a、根据已识别的视盘中心、黄斑中心凹，确定以视盘为圆心，1.5倍视盘直径范围的区域为感兴趣区域1，以黄斑中心凹为圆心，1倍视盘直径范围的区域为感兴趣区域2；
b、基于已确定的感兴趣区域1和区域2，选择某一清晰度评价算子，计算清晰度评价值，完成清晰度评价。
步骤S103：若所述眼底图像、个人信息和问诊资料合格，发送预判读结论给终端应用机构，并对合格的眼底图像进行判读会诊。
步骤S104：若所述眼底图像、个人信息和问诊资料不合格，远程判读会诊中心终止判读。
具体如下：
终端应用机构接收到预判读合格信息，发出提示信息，用以提示：受检者可离开或继续在附近休息等待远程判读会诊中心的会诊结果；
若所述眼底图像、个人信息和问诊资料不合格，远程判读会诊中心发送不合格提示信息给终端应用机构；
终端应用机构接收所述不合格提示信息，则重新获取受检者的眼底图像，并重新上传至远程判读会诊中心。
进一步的，所述“并将所述眼底图像、受检者随带的个人信息和问诊资料发送至远程判读会诊中心”前，还包括步骤：
判断终端应用机构是否设置有特定软件可用于对所述眼底图像、受检者随带的个人信息和问诊资料本地预判读，若所述终端应用机构设置有特定软件可用于对所述眼底图像、受检者随带的个人信息和问诊资料本地预判读，则终端应用机构直接对所述眼底图像、个人信息和问诊资料进行本地预判读，若判读结果合格，则发出对应提示信息，用以提示：受检者可以离开或继续在附近休息等待远程判读中心的会诊结果；
若所述终端应用机构未设置有软件可用于对所述眼底图像、受检者随带的个人信息和问诊资料本地预判读，则判断所述终端应用机构是否为所述远程判读会诊中心的协议服务或紧密关联、不需要购买特定软件时，根据流程或质量控制体系上的约定，所述终端应用机构在收到所述远程判读会诊中心返回的预判读结果前，发出提示信息提示：受检者暂时不要离开终端应用机构，直至上传的眼底图像、个人信息和问诊资料合格或让所述受检者继续在附近休息等待所述远程判读会诊中心的远程判读会诊结果。
可采用如下方式：
终端应用机构收到所述远程判读会诊中心反馈传回的预判读结论为不合格，则需要考虑是否重新采集眼底图像及随带的其它个人信息和问诊资料并重新上传；
终端应用机构在采集所述眼底图像及随带的其它个人信息后，或上传前， 可以利用联机或随机的“本地质量控制自动判读程序”软件进行本地自动的预判读，若合格则可以让受检者离开或继续在附近休息等待所述远程判读会诊中心的远程判读会诊结果，所述的“本地质量控制自动判读程序”的自动判读功能同所述远程判读会诊中心的质量控制自动判读程序软件的功能一样。
所述终端应用机构如果未购买或具备联机或随机的“本地质量控制自动判读程序”软件，若所述终端应用机构为所述远程判读会诊中心的协议服务或紧密关联、不需要购买或具备联机或随机的“本地质量控制自动判读程序”软件时，可以利用流程或质量控制体系上的约定，所述终端应用机构在上传所述眼底图像及随带的其它个人信息和问诊资料、等待所述远程判读会诊中心的预判读结果时，让该受检者暂时不要离开所述终端应用机构，直到采集的眼底图像和上传资料的预判读合格或让所述受检者继续在附近休息等待所述远程判读会诊中心的远程判读会诊结果；
所述终端应用机构上传眼底图像及随带的其它个人信息和问诊资料、收到中心反馈传回的预判读结论为合格后，可以让受检者离开或继续在附近休息等待所述远程判读会诊中心的远程判读会诊结果。
通过对获得的受检者眼底图像预判读，判断所述眼底图像是否合格和满足判读会诊的要求，在所述的远程判读会诊中心、质量控制***或体系中，可以使用自动或半自动的交互式人机互动方式或图像处理***，进一步提高所述质量控制***或体系工作的精准和可靠性，关键还在于所述终端、远程判读会诊中心以及它们之间的互动、所述质量控制流程或所述质量控制体系的构成，确保用来分析诊断的受检者眼底图像或必要的个人信息和问诊资料进行可靠的预判读，判断是否合格和满足远程判读会诊的要求。
对于图象不清晰或瞳孔太小的受检者，可以退一步做眼前节拍照和白内障手术成熟度远程筛查，或在医务人员严密的关注下做药水扩瞳后进行眼底照相；
对于受检者而言：避免了诊断中心后期才发现眼底图像不可用，受检者又要重新跑一趟，给用户很不好的体验，也浪费用户的时间；对于分析诊断中心而言：可用的眼底图像不仅确保了诊断结果的稳定性、准确性，且提高诊断效率，避免无用的返工时间。
进一步的，对眼底图像的预判读在计算机自动分析的前提下，结合专业质检人员的预判读信息，最后给出眼底图像是否可用的结论。确保了最后判断合格的眼底图像均是百分百可用的。这样双重保险对眼底图像质量的控制，在此之前是没有任何人在做的，是一个全新的眼底图像质量控制体系。
进一步的，在眼底图像预判读结果返回之前，可以根据约定，受检者都需在眼底图像采集终端附近等待。而当预判读结果产生后，无论合格或不合格，均生成对应的提示信息，并发送所述提示信息至眼底图像采集终端，所述终端应用机构操作员可通过查看返回的提示信息，进行对应的调整，或重新采集眼底图象和相关必要的个人信息或问诊资料；确保远程眼底医学筛查工作的顺利进行。且负责眼底图像采集的终端应用机构操作员在接收到所述远程判读会诊中心发挥对应的预判读结果和提示信息后，必须返回对应的提示信息给所述远程判读会诊中心或远程判读会诊中心，如此可避免所述终端应用机构的操作人员的误操作、违反相关的质量控制流程或程序、所述终端应用机构上午的操作人员擅自离岗等。
进一步的，对眼底图像的预判读可以使用自动或半自动的交互式人机互动方式或***，进一步提高所述质量控制***或体系工作的精准和可靠性，在计算机辅助的前提下，结合专业质检人员的预判读信息，最后给出眼底图像是否可用的结论。确保了最后判断合格的眼底图像均是百分百可用的。这样的质量控制体系流程的双重保险，在此之前是没有任何人在做的，是一个全新的眼底图像质量控制体系。
在其它实施方式中，远程眼底筛查中的眼底图像质量控制所述方法的一种流程符合并包括以下步骤(其中必要的个人信息或问诊资料，已经无损的 应用我们的一种隐私保护方法无损的隐藏在上传的眼底图像中，远程判读会诊中心接收到以后将所述的个人信息或问诊资料解码出来并预判其完整性或可用性，以下步骤流程将不再叙述这些内容)：
a.基层终端应用机构将采集到的眼底图象发送给中心，并请受检者在一旁等待；远程判读会诊中心接收到基层终端传送来得的眼底图象后，进行预判读并记录图象来源；
b.中心对于收到的每幅眼底图象，可以设置或不设置“首先判别其是否为眼底图象”这个环节，也可以将这个环节结合步骤d交叉进行；如果设置并且判别该图象质量不是眼底图象，(则可能是基层终端应用机构人员恶作剧或选择发送眼底图象时操作错误，)本次判读会诊结束或进入步骤c；如果判别结果是眼底图象则转入步骤d,判读会诊继续进行；
c.远程判读会诊中心判读会诊中心***将不合格结论或具体原因(如：传送的是非眼底图像或给以警告，结构不完整、图像不清晰或不具备可用性)，反馈给步骤a中记录的图像来源处(基层终端)，要求重新选择正确的应发送眼底图象或要求基层终端对不合格的眼底图像进行重新采集，直到传送到远程判读会诊中心的眼底图象及相关问诊资料合格或无法继续采集受检者眼底图象后，受检者者离开或继续留下等待远程判读会诊中心发回的判读会诊结果。
d.中心人员结合计算机自动分析或人机交互判读结果，最终给出图像质量和可用性的评价结论。若为合格，则转入步骤e；若为不合格，进入步骤c。
e.完成视盘与黄斑的识别或标定，根据该远程眼底图象筛查***中单张或相关眼底图像质量的规定标准，判定该眼底图像的结构或完整性是否符合要求。判别结果不符合要求则转入步骤c；若判别结果符合要求则转入步骤f；
f.对该幅眼底图像进行清晰度分析(具体可以要求眼底照相对焦准确，正常人的眼底像上视网膜主干血管及视网膜神经纤维层清晰，一般可以以视盘表面小血管及后极部视网膜神经纤维层可分辨作为参照)，根据该远程眼底图象筛查***中单张或相关眼底图像质量的规定标准，判定眼底图像的清晰度。 若清晰度不符合要求，转入步骤c；若清晰度符合要求，进入步骤g；本步骤流程流程顺序也可以和步骤e对调，但一般情况下，先完成步骤e后进入本步骤有利于清晰度的计算机自动分析中的感兴趣区域选择；
g.按照该远程眼底图象筛查***中单张或相关眼底图像质量的规定标准，该眼底图像的结构、完整性或清晰度分析综合判断结果合格，或传送的相关问诊资料及该眼底图像的结构、完整性或清晰度分析综合判断结果合格后，将该结论反馈给基层健康医疗机构或终端(这时基层终端工作人员可以让受检者离开或结束该筛查，等待具体判读报告)后，中心可进入后续的图象分析、判读或会诊阶段；
以上所述的远程眼底医学筛查中的眼底图象质量控制方法或流程，可作为与远程眼底医学筛查中***中的必要环节，也可用于上述基层终端应用机构眼底照相机的操作、判读会诊医务或健康服务人员工作中为实现图象质量控制的一个必要方法或流程，其应用具体包括但不限于基于远程眼底图象检查或筛查的健康大数据服务***、第三方影像检测机构、远程眼底判读会诊平台、云健康服务***或眼底照相机终端的辅助判别方法或流程。
请参阅图2，一种存储设备200的具体实施方式如下：
在本实施方式中的存储设备，对应着上述的远程判读中心执行的步骤，故以下步骤细节不做展开说明。
一种存储设备200，其中存储有指令集，所述指令集用于执行：获取远程终端发送的受检者的眼底图像、个人信息和问诊资料；对所述眼底图像、个人信息和问诊资料进行预判读，判断所述眼底图像、个人信息和问诊资料是否合格；所述预判读包括：所述眼底图像是否为需要的眼底图像、所述眼底图像为左眼或右眼、所述眼底图像结构是否完整、所述眼底图像是否清晰中的一种或多种；若所述眼底图像、个人信息和问诊资料合格，发送预判读结论给远程终端，并对合格的眼底图像进行判读会诊；若所述眼底图像、个人信息和问诊资料不合格，终止判读。
进一步的，所述指令集用于还执行：所述“所述眼底图像是否为远程判读会诊中心需要的眼底图像、所述眼底图像为左眼或右眼、所述眼底图像结构是否完整”，还包括步骤：对所述眼底图像的视盘与黄斑进行识别和标定，根据所述识别结果判断所述眼底图像是否包含视盘和黄斑，若所述眼底图像包含视盘和黄斑，则所述眼底图像为远程判读会诊需要的眼底图像；根据所述眼底图像视盘与黄斑识别和标定后的结果，判断所述眼底图像为左眼或右眼；根据所述标定的结果判断所述视盘和黄斑是否在眼底图像的预设区间内，若所述视盘和黄斑在眼底图像的预设区间内，则所述眼底图像结构完整。
进一步的，所述指令集用于还执行：所述“眼底图像是否清晰”，还包括步骤：判断所述眼底图像的视盘表面小血管及后极部视网膜神经纤维层是否可辨，若所述眼底图像的视盘表面小血管及后极部视网膜神经纤维层可辨，则所述眼底图像清晰度合格。
请参阅图3，一种用于远程眼底筛查的质量控制***300，包括：眼底图像采集终端301和远程判读中心终端302；所述眼底图像采集终端301连接所述远程判读中心终端302；所述眼底图像采集终端301包括：眼底图像采集模块3010和眼底图像传送模块3011；所述眼底图像采集模块3010用于：采集受检者的眼底图像，并发送所述眼底图像至眼底图像传送模块3011；所述眼底图像传送模块3011用于：发送所述眼底图像、受检者随带的个人信息和问诊资料至远程判读中心终端302；
所述远程判读中心终端302用于：对所述眼底图像、个人信息和问诊资料进行预判读，判断所述眼底图像、个人信息和问诊资料是否合格；所述预判读包括：所述眼底图像是否为远程判读会诊中心需要的眼底图像、所述眼底图像为左眼或右眼、所述眼底图像结构是否完整、所述眼底图像是否清晰中的一种或多种；若所述眼底图像、个人信息和问诊资料合格，发送预判读结论给眼底图像采集终端，并对合格的眼底图像进行判读会诊；若所述眼底图像、个人信息和问诊资料不合格，终止判读。
进一步的，所述眼底图像采集模块3010为：眼底照相机；所述眼底图像传送模块3011为：电脑。
在本实施方式中，一种用于远程眼底筛查的质量控制***300的具体实施方式与上述提及的一种用于远程眼底筛查的质量控制方法相同，在此不做重复说明。
需要说明的是，尽管在本文中已经对上述各实施例进行了描述，但并非因此限制本发明的专利保护范围。因此，基于本发明的创新理念，对本文所述实施例进行的变更和修改，或利用本发明说明书及附图内容所作的等效结构或等效流程变换，直接或间接地将以上技术方案运用在其他相关的技术领域，均包括在本发明的专利保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种用于远程眼底筛查的质量控制方法，其特征在于，包括步骤：
    终端应用机构通过眼底照相机获取受检者的眼底图像，并将所述眼底图像、受检者随带的个人信息和问诊资料发送至远程判读会诊中心；
    所述远程判读会诊中心接收所述眼底图像、个人信息和问诊资料，并对所述眼底图像、个人信息和问诊资料进行预判读，判断所述眼底图像、个人信息和问诊资料是否合格；
    所述预判读包括：所述眼底图像是否为远程判读会诊中心需要的眼底图像、所述眼底图像为左眼或右眼、所述眼底图像结构是否完整、所述眼底图像是否清晰中的一种或多种；
    若所述眼底图像、个人信息和问诊资料合格，发送预判读结论给终端应用机构，并对合格的眼底图像进行判读会诊；
    若所述眼底图像、个人信息和问诊资料不合格，远程判读会诊中心终止判读。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种用于远程眼底筛查的质量控制方法，其特征在于，
    所述“所述眼底图像是否为远程判读会诊中心需要的眼底图像、所述眼底图像为左眼或右眼、所述眼底图像结构是否完整”，还包括步骤：
    对所述眼底图像的视盘与黄斑进行识别和标定，根据所述识别结果判断所述眼底图像是否包含视盘和黄斑，若所述眼底图像包含视盘和黄斑，则所述眼底图像为远程判读会诊需要的眼底图像；
    根据所述眼底图像视盘与黄斑识别和标定后的结果，判断所述眼底图像为左眼或右眼；
    根据所述标定的结果判断所述视盘和黄斑是否在眼底图像的预设区间内，若所述视盘和黄斑在眼底图像的预设区间内，则所述眼底图像结构完整。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种用于远程眼底筛查的质量控制方法，其特征在于，
    所述“眼底图像是否清晰”，还包括步骤：
    判断所述眼底图像的视盘表面小血管及后极部视网膜神经纤维层是否可辨，若所述眼底图像的视盘表面小血管及后极部视网膜神经纤维层可辨，则所述眼底图像清晰度合格。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种用于远程眼底筛查的质量控制方法，其特征在于，所述“若所述眼底图像、个人信息和问诊资料合格，发送预判读结论给终端应用机构，并对合格的眼底图像进行判读会诊；若所述眼底图像、个人信息和问诊资料不合格，远程判读会诊中心终止判读”，还包括步骤：
    终端应用机构接收到预判读合格信息，发出提示信息，用以提示：受检者可离开或继续在附近休息等待远程判读会诊中心的会诊结果；
    若所述眼底图像、个人信息和问诊资料不合格，远程判读会诊中心发送不合格提示信息给终端应用机构；
    终端应用机构接收所述不合格提示信息，则重新获取受检者的眼底图像，并重新上传至远程判读会诊中心。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的一种用于远程眼底筛查的质量控制方法，其特征在于，
    所述“并将所述眼底图像、受检者随带的个人信息和问诊资料发送至远程判读会诊中心”前，还包括步骤：
    判断终端应用机构是否设置有特定软件可用于对所述眼底图像、受检者随带的个人信息和问诊资料本地预判读，若所述终端应用机构设置有特定软件可用于对所述眼底图像、受检者随带的个人信息和问诊资料本地预判读，则终端应用机构直接对所述眼底图像、个人信息和问诊资料进行本地预判读，若判读结果合格，则发出对应提示信息，用以提示：受检者可以离开或继续在附近休息等待远程判读中心的会诊结果；
    若所述终端应用机构未设置有软件可用于对所述眼底图像、受检者随带的个人信息和问诊资料本地预判读，则判断所述终端应用机构是否为所述远 程判读会诊中心的协议服务或紧密关联、不需要购买特定软件时，根据流程或质量控制体系上的约定，所述终端应用机构在收到所述远程判读会诊中心返回的预判读结果前，发出提示信息提示：受检者暂时不要离开终端应用机构，直至上传的眼底图像、个人信息和问诊资料合格或让所述受检者继续在附近休息等待所述远程判读会诊中心的远程判读会诊结果。
  6. 一种存储设备，其中存储有指令集，其特征在于，所述指令集用于执行：
    获取远程终端发送的受检者的眼底图像、个人信息和问诊资料；
    对所述眼底图像、个人信息和问诊资料进行预判读，判断所述眼底图像、个人信息和问诊资料是否合格；
    所述预判读包括：所述眼底图像是否为需要的眼底图像、所述眼底图像为左眼或右眼、所述眼底图像结构是否完整、所述眼底图像是否清晰中的一种或多种；
    若所述眼底图像、个人信息和问诊资料合格，发送预判读结论给远程终端，并对合格的眼底图像进行判读会诊；
    若所述眼底图像、个人信息和问诊资料不合格，终止判读。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的一种存储设备，其特征在于，所述指令集用于还执行：
    所述“所述眼底图像是否为远程判读会诊中心需要的眼底图像、所述眼底图像为左眼或右眼、所述眼底图像结构是否完整”，还包括步骤：
    对所述眼底图像的视盘与黄斑进行识别和标定，根据所述识别结果判断所述眼底图像是否包含视盘和黄斑，若所述眼底图像包含视盘和黄斑，则所述眼底图像为远程判读会诊需要的眼底图像；
    根据所述眼底图像视盘与黄斑识别和标定后的结果，判断所述眼底图像为左眼或右眼；
    根据所述标定的结果判断所述视盘和黄斑是否在眼底图像的预设区间 内，若所述视盘和黄斑在眼底图像的预设区间内，则所述眼底图像结构完整。
  8. 根据权利要求6所述的一种存储设备，其特征在于，所述指令集用于还执行：
    所述“眼底图像是否清晰”，还包括步骤：
    判断所述眼底图像的视盘表面小血管及后极部视网膜神经纤维层是否可辨，若所述眼底图像的视盘表面小血管及后极部视网膜神经纤维层可辨，则所述眼底图像清晰度合格。
  9. 一种用于远程眼底筛查的质量控制***，其特征在于，包括：眼底图像采集终端和远程判读中心终端；
    所述眼底图像采集终端连接所述远程判读中心终端；
    所述眼底图像采集终端包括：眼底图像采集模块和眼底图像传送模块；
    所述眼底图像采集模块用于：采集受检者的眼底图像，并发送所述眼底图像至眼底图像传送模块；
    所述眼底图像传送模块用于：所述眼底图像、受检者随带的个人信息和问诊资料发送至远程判读中心终端；
    所述远程判读中心终端用于：对所述眼底图像、个人信息和问诊资料进行预判读，判断所述眼底图像、个人信息和问诊资料是否合格；所述预判读包括：所述眼底图像是否为远程判读会诊中心需要的眼底图像、所述眼底图像为左眼或右眼、所述眼底图像结构是否完整、所述眼底图像是否清晰中的一种或多种；若所述眼底图像、个人信息和问诊资料合格，发送预判读结论给眼底图像采集终端，并对合格的眼底图像进行判读会诊；若所述眼底图像、个人信息和问诊资料不合格，终止判读。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的一种用于远程眼底筛查的质量控制***，其特征在于，
    所述眼底图像采集模块为：眼底照相机；
    所述眼底图像传送模块为：电脑。
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