WO2020037925A1 - 一种随钻仪器用导电滑环装置 - Google Patents

一种随钻仪器用导电滑环装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020037925A1
WO2020037925A1 PCT/CN2018/123968 CN2018123968W WO2020037925A1 WO 2020037925 A1 WO2020037925 A1 WO 2020037925A1 CN 2018123968 W CN2018123968 W CN 2018123968W WO 2020037925 A1 WO2020037925 A1 WO 2020037925A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
slip ring
pressure
output shaft
ring
housing
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PCT/CN2018/123968
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
何新振
底青云
陈文xu
杜建生
刘庆波
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中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所
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Application filed by 中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所 filed Critical 中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所
Priority to US16/556,164 priority Critical patent/US10693268B2/en
Publication of WO2020037925A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020037925A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R39/00—Rotary current collectors, distributors or interrupters
    • H01R39/02—Details for dynamo electric machines
    • H01R39/08—Slip-rings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R13/00—Details of coupling devices of the kinds covered by groups H01R12/70 or H01R24/00 - H01R33/00
    • H01R13/46—Bases; Cases
    • H01R13/502—Bases; Cases composed of different pieces
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R39/00—Rotary current collectors, distributors or interrupters
    • H01R39/64—Devices for uninterrupted current collection

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of precision electrical connection, in particular to a conductive slip ring device for an instrument while drilling.
  • the LWD instrument is used for downhole work, and the operating environment is very harsh. It gathers high temperature, high pressure, strong vibration, and strong impact, and needs to work in a mud environment. In this case, the transmission of power and signals becomes a big problem, especially between the two structures with relative rotation. The transmission of power and signals will become extremely unreliable.
  • electromagnetic wave wireless communication technology or wireless Power transmission technology realizes transmission, but electromagnetic wave wireless communication technology can only solve the problem of communication between instruments. It does not solve the problem of power transmission, and the circuit is more complicated, the cost is higher, and the circuit is more difficult to heat.
  • the wireless power transmission technology has a high working failure rate in a complex underground environment, and has limited power transmission efficiency in a mud environment.
  • the signal transmission has a bit error rate problem.
  • the circuit is more complicated, the cost is higher, and the circuit is more difficult to heat. Big.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a solution to the problem of power and signal transmission between two structures of the downhole tool while rotating relative to each other, such as being used between the stator and rotor of a generator, in a rotary guide tool structure,
  • the auger drill is fixed between the stator and the rotor, and has a simple structure, does not involve complicated circuits, has low cost and high reliability.
  • a conductive slip ring device for an instrument while drilling the conductive slip ring assembly comprises a slip ring housing, a slip ring upper joint, a slip ring lower joint, a slip ring output shaft, a slip ring end cover, a support Body, slip ring core system and power and signal transmission device;
  • the slip ring housing, the slip ring upper joint, the slip ring lower joint, the slip ring output shaft and the slip ring end cover together form a sealed cavity, and the cavity seal is filled with high temperature resistant lubricant,
  • the connector on the slip ring is used for electric power and signal input end or output end
  • the slip ring output shaft is used for power and signal input ends or output ends;
  • the power and signal transmission device is configured to transmit the received power and signals to the slip ring core system or send out power and signals sent by the slip ring core system;
  • the slip ring inner core system is configured to transmit the received power and signals to the power and signal transmission device or send out the power and signals sent by the power and signal transmission device.
  • the support body and the drill collar are fixedly connected by pins, a mud channel is provided on the inner side of the support body, the slip ring housing is fixed inside the support body by screws, and the slip ring housing is two The end protrudes from the outside of the support body, the slip ring upper joint is provided at one end of the slip ring housing, the slip ring lower joint is provided at the other end of the slip ring housing, and the slip ring end cover It is disposed at the end of the other end of the lower joint of the slip ring, and the power and signal transmission device is disposed inside the upper joint of the slip ring, and extends into the slip ring cavity inside the slip ring housing and the Said one end connection of the slip ring core system;
  • the output shaft support bearing is provided inside the lower joint of the slip ring, the inner ring of the output shaft support bearing is locked by a lock nut, and a wave spring is provided at the connection between the slip ring housing and the lower joint of the slip ring.
  • the wave spring is compressed to pre-tension the outer ring of the output shaft support bearing.
  • One end of the slip ring output shaft passes through the inside of the lower joint of the slip ring and is mounted on the output shaft support bearing.
  • One end of the core system is fixedly connected, and the other end is connected to a structure that rotates relative to the instrument while drilling;
  • the slip ring housing is provided with an oil filling port, the oil filling port communicates with the cavity of the slip ring, and the oil filling port is provided with an oil filling hole plug.
  • the slip ring inner core system includes a slip ring rotor, a slip ring stator, a sheath, and a rotor support bearing;
  • the rotor support bearing is fixedly disposed inside the sheath
  • the slip ring stator is installed on the rotor support bearing
  • the slip ring rotor is disposed inside the slip ring stator, and one end is connected with a through pin It is connected to the output shaft of the slip ring
  • a stator brush is embedded inside the slip ring stator
  • a gold-plated copper ring is inlaid on the surface of the slip ring rotor
  • the stator brush is in contact with the gold-plated copper ring at all times.
  • a non-rotation screw is provided on the sheath, and the non-rotation screw is connected to the slip ring stator through the rotation.
  • the non-rotation screw is embedded in the non-rotation key groove on the inner wall of the slip ring cavity, The sheath 15 and the slip ring stator do not rotate relative to the slip ring housing.
  • the power and signal transmission device includes a pressure-bearing connector pin, a pressure-bearing connector socket, and an intermediate transfer sheath;
  • One end of the pressure-bearing connector pin is inserted into the pressure-bearing connector socket, and the intermediate transfer sheath is provided at both ends of the pressure-connector pin and the pressure-bearing connector socket.
  • the sheath is made of a high-temperature resistant non-metal material, and the high-temperature resistant non-metal material includes PEEK or nylon.
  • the beneficial effect of the present invention is that, due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the present invention solves the problem of power and signal transmission between two structures with relative rotation of the downhole instrument while drilling through a mechanical conductive slip ring.
  • the structure is simple and does not involve complex circuits. Low cost and high reliability. There is no issue of power transmission efficiency and signal transmission error rate. Strong temperature, pressure and vibration resistance. It has a wide range of applications.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an external structure of a conductive slip ring device for an instrument while drilling according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of a conductive slip ring device for an instrument while drilling according to the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic sectional view of B-B in Fig. 2.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view of a conductive slip ring device for an instrument while drilling according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a left side view of a conductive slip ring device for an instrument while drilling according to the present invention.
  • 1-Slip ring housing 1.1-Balance piston stroke cylinder, 1.2-First seal O-ring, 1.3-Stop key groove, 1.4-Pressure balance hole, 2-Slip ring upper joint, 2.1-Second seal O-ring, 3 -Slip ring lower joint, 4-Slip ring output shaft, 5-Slip ring end cover, 6-Filter screen, 7-Support, 7.1-Mud channel, 8-Pressure connector pin, 9-Pressure connector Socket, 10-adaptive sheath, 11-pressure balancing piston, 12-oil-filling hole plug, 13-slip ring rotor, 14-slip ring stator, 14.1-stator brush 15-sheath, 15.1-stop screw , 16-rotor support bearing, 17-output shaft support bearing, 18-wave spring, 19-lock nut, 20-moving seal, 21-wire, 22-pin.
  • the conductive slip ring assembly includes a slip ring housing, a slip ring upper joint, a slip ring lower joint, a slip ring output shaft, and a slip ring. End cap, support, slip ring core system and power and signal transmission device;
  • the slip ring housing, the slip ring upper joint, the slip ring lower joint, the slip ring output shaft and the slip ring end cover together form a sealed cavity, and the cavity seal is filled with high temperature resistant lubricant,
  • the connector on the slip ring is used for electric power and signal input end or output end
  • the slip ring output shaft is used for power and signal input ends or output ends;
  • the power and signal transmission device is configured to transmit the received power and signals to the slip ring core system or send out power and signals sent by the slip ring core system;
  • the slip ring inner core system is configured to transmit the received power and signals to the power and signal transmission device or send out the power and signals sent by the power and signal transmission device.
  • the support body and the drill collar are fixedly connected by pins, a mud channel is provided inside the support body, the slip ring housing is fixed inside the support body by screws, and both ends of the slip ring housing extend Out of the support body, the slip ring upper joint is provided at one end of the slip ring housing, the slip ring lower joint is provided at the other end of the slip ring housing, and the slip ring end cover is provided at The end of the other end of the lower ring of the slip ring, the power and signal transmission device is disposed inside the upper ring of the slip ring, and extends into the slip ring cavity inside the slip ring housing and the slide ring.
  • One end of the ring core system is connected;
  • the output shaft support bearing is provided inside the lower joint of the slip ring, the inner ring of the output shaft support bearing is locked by a lock nut, and a wave spring is provided at the connection between the slip ring housing and the lower joint of the slip ring.
  • the wave spring is compressed to pre-tension the outer ring of the output shaft support bearing.
  • One end of the slip ring output shaft passes through the inside of the lower joint of the slip ring and is mounted on the output shaft support bearing.
  • One end of the core system is fixedly connected, and the other end is connected to a structure that rotates relative to the instrument while drilling;
  • the slip ring housing is provided with an oil filling port, the oil filling port communicates with the cavity of the slip ring, and the oil filling port is provided with an oil filling hole plug.
  • the device further includes a pressure balance system, which includes at least one balance piston stroke cylinder, a pressure balance piston, a strainer, and a pressure balance hole;
  • At least one of the balance piston stroke cylinders is disposed inside the slip ring casing, the pressure balance piston is disposed inside the balance piston stroke cylinders, and the pressure balance hole is disposed on the slip ring casing, One end of the pressure balance hole is in communication with the balance piston stroke cylinder, and the other end is in communication with the mud channel of the drill collar.
  • the filter is provided at an end of one end of the pressure balance hole in communication with the mud channel of the drill collar. .
  • the slip ring inner core system includes a slip ring rotor, a slip ring stator, a sheath, and a rotor support bearing;
  • the rotor support bearing is fixedly disposed inside the sheath
  • the slip ring stator is installed on the rotor support bearing
  • the slip ring rotor is disposed inside the slip ring stator, and one end is connected with a through pin It is connected to the output shaft of the slip ring
  • a stator brush is embedded inside the slip ring stator
  • a gold-plated copper ring is inlaid on the surface of the slip ring rotor
  • the stator brush is in contact with the gold-plated copper ring at all times.
  • the sheath is also provided with a non-rotation screw, which is connected to the slip ring stator through the rotation.
  • a non-rotation screw which is connected to the slip ring stator through the rotation.
  • the power and signal transmission device includes a pressure-bearing connector pin, a pressure-bearing connector socket, and an intermediate transfer sheath;
  • One end of the pressure-bearing connector pin is inserted into the pressure-bearing connector socket, and the intermediate transfer sheath is provided at both ends of the pressure-connector pin and the pressure-bearing connector socket.
  • the sheath is made of a high-temperature resistant non-metal material, and the high-temperature resistant non-metal material includes PEEK or nylon.
  • the conductive slip ring device also includes a dynamic seal ring, which is arranged in the end groove of the lower joint of the slip ring and then fixed by the end ring of the slip ring.
  • the end groove of the lower joint of the slip ring and the left end face of the end ring of the slip ring The surface finish Ra of the contact with the dynamic seal 20 is ⁇ 0.8 micron, and the surface finish Ra of the contact surface of the slip ring output shaft and the dynamic seal 20 is ⁇ 0.2 micron; the working temperature of the dynamic seal can reach -100 ° C to + 260 ° C.
  • the maximum internal and external pressure difference is 15Mpa; the Rockwell hardness HRC of the contact surface between the slip ring output shaft and the dynamic seal is ⁇ 55.
  • the output shaft of the slip ring is processed by cemented carbide or surface sprayed ceramic to improve the hardness.
  • the joint 2 on the slip ring is used as the power and signal input terminal
  • the slip ring output shaft 4 is used as the output terminal. It is also possible to use the slip ring output shaft 4 as the power and signal input terminal, and the slip ring joint 2 as the output terminal. The corresponding selection can be made according to the specific structure used by the slip ring.
  • the number of cores of the slip ring over power and signal wires can be selected according to specific needs. It can be single or multi-core. You only need to change the number of pins of the pressure-bearing connector pin 8 and the pressure-bearing connector socket 9 accordingly. The number of conductive rings on the slip ring rotor 13 and the number of stator brushes 14.1 on the slip ring stator 14 are changed accordingly. It is easy to expand, and the applicable application is not limited by the power and signal cores.
  • the conductive slip ring system comprises a slip ring housing 1, a slip ring upper joint 2, a slip ring lower joint 3, a slip ring output shaft 4, a slip ring end cover 5, and a support body 7.
  • the slip ring output shaft 4 rotates relative to other parts.
  • the slip ring housing 1, the slip ring upper joint 2, the slip ring lower joint 3, the slip ring output shaft 4, the slip ring end cover 5, and the movable seal ring 20 together form a sealed cavity, and the cavity is filled with high temperature resistant lubricant.
  • the support body 7 is fixedly connected to the slip ring housing 1 by screws, and the support body 7 and the drill collar are fixedly connected by pins, so that the slide ring body is supported inside the instrument drill collar. According to different instrument drill collar through-hole sizes, the support body 7 The outer diameter can be changed. The mud can flow through the slip ring body through the mud channel 7.1.
  • the upper joint 2 of the slip ring and the slip ring housing 1 are connected by a flange method or a thread method, and are absolutely sealed by a seal O ring 2.1 to prevent external mud from entering or internal lubricant from leaking.
  • the slip ring housing 1 and the slip ring lower joint 3 are connected in a threaded manner, and are absolutely sealed by a seal O-ring 1.2 to prevent external mud from entering or internal lubricant from leaking.
  • the slip ring lower joint 3 and the slip ring housing 1 are connected by a flange method or a thread method.
  • the power and signal wires are welded to the left end of the adapter sheath 10 in the joint 2 on the slip ring, and connected to the adapter sheath 10 in the slip ring housing 1 through the pressure-bearing connector pin 8, the pressure-bearing connector socket 9, and further through The lead wire 21 is connected to the slip ring stator 14.
  • the slip ring rotor 13, slip ring stator 14, sheath 15, and rotor support bearing 16 form a slip ring core system.
  • the sheath 15 is made of high-temperature non-metal materials such as PEEK or nylon.
  • the slip ring stator 14 plays a role of insulation protection.
  • the stator ring 14.1 is embedded in the slip ring stator 14.
  • the stator brush 14.1 is a set of gold-plated elastic steel sheets, the number of which is determined by the number of cores of the slip ring through power and signal wires.
  • the surface of the slip ring rotor 13 is inlaid with gold-plated copper rings, which are in contact with the stator brushes at 14.1.
  • the number of copper rings corresponds to the number of elastic steel sheets of the stator brushes at 14.1.
  • the rotor support bearing 16 is composed of upper and lower bearings, and supports the slip ring rotor 13 so that the slip ring rotor 13 and the slip ring stator 14 can rotate relatively.
  • the sheath 15 and the slip ring stator 14 are connected by a non-rotation screw 15.1, and the non-rotation screw 15.1 is embedded in the non-rotation key groove 1.3, so that the sheath 15 and the slip ring stator 14 do not rotate relative to the slip ring housing 1.
  • the slip ring rotor 13 is connected to the slip ring output shaft 4 through a pin 22, and the slip ring output shaft 4 is connected to a structure that rotates relative to the instrument while drilling.
  • the output shaft support bearing 17 supports the slip ring output shaft 4 so that the slip ring output shaft 4 can rotate relative to the slip ring body.
  • the output shaft support bearing 17 can select different bearings according to different working conditions. If the slip ring output shaft 4 receives axial force, a thrust bearing can be selected. If the slip ring output shaft 4 receives lateral force or bending moment, an angular contact ball bearing can be selected. Or tapered roller bearings; the number of bearings can also be increased or decreased according to the magnitude of the bearing force. If it is subjected to a combination of axial forces, lateral forces, and bending moments, a variety of bearings can be used to achieve the ideal support. effect.
  • the inner ring of the output shaft support bearing 17 is locked by a lock nut 19.
  • the wave spring 18 is pressed to pre-tension the outer ring of the output shaft support bearing 17.
  • the dynamic sealing ring 20 is a special type of sealing ring, the working temperature can reach -100 ° C to + 260 ° C, and the maximum pressure difference between the inside and outside of the seal is 15Mpa.
  • the dynamic seal ring 20 is installed in the groove at the end of the lower joint of the slip ring 3, and then fixed by the slip ring end cover 5.
  • the end surface of the lower groove of the slip ring joint 3 and the left end surface of the slide ring end cover 5 contact the dynamic seal ring 20
  • the smoothness Ra ⁇ 0.8 micron, the contact surface smoothness Ra of the slip ring output shaft 4 and the movable seal ring 20 is ⁇ 0.2 micron, the contact surface of the slip ring output shaft 4 and the dynamic seal ring 20 has a Rockwell hardness HRC ⁇ 55.
  • Slip ring output shaft 4 generally adopts hard alloy processing or surface spray ceramic technology to increase the hardness, thereby improving the dynamic seal life.
  • the two balance piston stroke cylinders 1.1 communicate with the mud through two lateral pressure balance holes 1.4, respectively, to balance the pressure difference between the external mud and the internal lubricating oil, so that the dynamic seal can work normally and reliably.
  • the two screens 6 respectively filter the mud to prevent oversized particles in the mud from blocking the balance holes and affecting the work of the balance piston.
  • the two pressure balancing pistons 11 complement each other, and the downhole working environment is harsh. When one pressure balancing piston 11 fails, the other pressure balancing piston 11 can work normally, thereby ensuring that the slip ring can work normally.
  • the pressure balance piston 11 moves in the balance piston stroke cylinder 1.1 to balance the pressure difference between the external mud and the internal lubricant.
  • the pressure balance piston 11 moves to supplement the oil quantity in the balance piston stroke cylinder 1.1 to balance the pressure difference.
  • the working principle of the present invention is that, since the slip ring housing, the slip ring upper joint, the slip ring lower joint, the slip ring output shaft and the slip ring end cover together form a sealed cavity, the sealed cavity is filled with high temperature resistant lubricant
  • the slip ring can work under high temperature and pressure.
  • the joint on the slip ring and the output shaft of the slip ring can be used as the power and signal input and output ends, respectively, and there is no directionality during use. Take the connector on the slip ring as the power and signal input as an example.
  • the power and signal transmission device transmits the received power and signals to the slip ring core system.
  • the slip ring core system mainly includes the slip ring rotor and slip ring stator.
  • the stator of the slip ring is inlaid with stator brushes, and the surface of the slip ring rotor is inlaid with gold-plated copper rings.
  • the stator brushes and the gold-plated copper rings are always in contact with each other, and the relative rotation between the stator and rotor is transmitted to the output of the slip ring On the shaft, so that electricity and signals are transmitted between two structures with relative rotation.

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Abstract

一种随钻仪器用导电滑环装置，具有由滑环壳体（1）、滑环上接头（2）、滑环下接头（3）、滑环输出轴（4）和滑环端盖（5）共同组成的一个密封空腔，空腔密封内充满耐高温润滑油；其还包括用于将接收到的电力和信号传递给滑环内芯***或将滑环内芯***发出的电力和信号发送出去的电力和信号传输装置和用于将接收到的电力和信号传递给电力和信号传输装置或将电力和信号传输装置发出的电力和信号发送出去的滑环内芯***。该装置通过机械导电滑环解决井下随钻仪器具有相对转动的两个结构之间电力和信号的传输问题，结构简单，不涉及复杂的电路所以不存在电力传输效率以及信号传输误码率问题，成本低，可靠性高，且耐温、耐压、耐振动能力强，应用面比较广泛。

Description

一种随钻仪器用导电滑环装置 技术领域
本发明属于精密电连接技术领域，尤其涉及一种随钻仪器用导电滑环装置。
背景技术
随钻仪器用于井下工作，作业环境十分恶劣，集聚高温、高压力、强振动、强冲击，并且需要在泥浆环境中工作。在这种情况下电力和信号的传输就成为一个很大的问题，特别是有相对转动的两个结构之间，电力和信号的传输将变得极不可靠，只有采用电磁波无线通信技术或无线电力传输技术实现传输，但是电磁波无线通信技术，只能仪器之间的通信问题，并没有解决电力传输的问题，并且电路比较复杂，成本较高，电路高温化难度较大。
而无线电力传输技术，在井下复杂环境中工作故障率较高，并且在泥浆环境中电能传输效率有限，信号的传输存在误码率的问题，电路比较复杂，成本较高，电路高温化难度较大。
发明内容
为了解决上述问题，本发明的目的是提供一种解决井下随钻仪器具有相对转动的两个结构之间电力和信号的传输问题，如用在发电机定转子之间、旋转导向工具结构中、螺杆钻具定转子之间等，且结构简单，不涉及复杂的电路，成本低，可靠性高。耐温、耐压、耐振动能力强的随钻仪器用导电滑环装置。
本发明的技术方案是：一种随钻仪器用导电滑环装置，该导电滑 环装包括滑环壳体、滑环上接头、滑环下接头、滑环输出轴、滑环端盖、支撑体、滑环内芯***和电力和信号传输装置；
其中，所述滑环壳体、滑环上接头、滑环下接头、滑环输出轴和滑环端盖共同组成一个密封空腔，所述空腔密封内充满耐高温润滑油，
所述滑环上接头，用于电力和信号输入端或输出端，
所述滑环输出轴，用于电力和信号输入端或输出端；
所述电力和信号传输装置，用于将接收到的电力和信号传递给所述滑环内芯***或将所述滑环内芯***发出的电力和信号发送出去；
所述滑环内芯***，用于将接收到的电力和信号传递给所述电力和信号传输装置或将所述电力和信号传输装置发出的电力和信号发送出去。
进一步，所述支撑体与钻铤通过销钉固定连接，所述支撑体的内侧设有泥浆通道，所述滑环壳体通过螺钉固定在所述支撑体的内部，且所述滑环壳体两端伸出所述支撑体外部，所述滑环上接头设置在所述滑环壳体的一端，所述滑环下接头设置在所述滑环壳体的另一端，所述滑环端盖设置在所述滑环下接头另一端的端部，所述电力和信号传输装置设置在所述滑环上接头内部，并伸入到所述滑环壳体内部的滑环空腔内与所述滑环内芯***的一端连接；
输出轴支撑轴承设置在所述滑环下接头的内部，所述输出轴支撑轴承的内圈通过锁紧螺母锁紧，所述滑环壳体与滑环下接头连接处设有波形弹簧，通过压紧所述波形弹簧从而预紧输出轴支撑轴承外圈， 所述滑环输出轴的一端穿过所述滑环下接头的内部安装在所述输出轴支撑轴承上，与所述滑环内芯***的一端固接，另一端与随钻仪器相对转动的结构连接；
所述滑环壳体设有充油口，所述充油口与所述滑环空腔连通，所述充油口上设有充油孔堵头。
进一步，所述滑环内芯***包括滑环转子、滑环定子、护套和转子支撑轴承；
其中，所述转子支撑轴承固定设置在所述护套的内部，所述滑环定子安装在所述转子支撑轴承上，所述滑环转子设置在所述滑环定子内部，且一端与通过销钉与所述滑环输出轴连接；所述滑环定子内部镶嵌定子电刷，所述滑环转子表面镶嵌表面镀金铜环，所述定子电刷与所述镀金铜环时刻接触。
进一步，所述护套上设有止转螺钉，所述止转螺钉与滑环定子通过连接，当所述止转螺钉嵌入所述滑环空腔内侧壁上的止转键槽中时，从而使护套15与滑环定子相对滑环壳体不转动。
进一步，所述电力和信号传输装置包括承压连接器插针、承压连接器插座和中转接护套；
所述承压连接器插针的一端***与所述承压连接器插座内，所述中转接护套设置在所述压连接器插针和承压连接器插座的两端。
进一步，所述护套是采用耐高温非金属材料制成，所述耐高温非金属材料包括PEEK或者尼龙。
本发明的有益效果是：由于采用上述技术方案，本发明通过机械 导电滑环，解决井下随钻仪器具有相对转动的两个结构之间电力和信号的传输问题，结构简单，不涉及复杂的电路，成本低，可靠性高。不存在电力传输效率问题，以及信号传输误码率问题。耐温、耐压、耐振动能力强。应用面比较广泛。
附图说明
图1为本发明一种随钻仪器用导电滑环装置的外部结构示意图。
图2为本发明一种随钻仪器用导电滑环装置的内部结构示意图。
图3为图2的B-B的剖视示意图。
图4为本发明一种随钻仪器用导电滑环装置的纵剖示意图。
图5为本发明一种随钻仪器用导电滑环装置的左视图。
图中：
1-滑环壳体、1.1-平衡活塞行程缸、1.2-第一密封O圈、1.3-止转键槽、1.4-压力平衡孔、2-滑环上接头、2.1-第二密封O圈、3-滑环下接头、4-滑环输出轴、5-滑环端盖、6-滤网、7-支撑体、7.1-泥浆通道、8-承压连接器插针、9-承压连接器插座、10-转接护套、11-压力平衡活塞、12-充油孔堵头、13-滑环转子、14-滑环定子、14.1-定子电刷15-护套、15.1-止转螺钉、16-转子支撑轴承、17-输出轴支撑轴承、18-波形弹簧、19-锁紧螺母、20-动密封圈、21-导线、22-销钉。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明的技术方案做进一步说明。
如图1-图5所示，本发明一种随钻仪器用导电滑环装置，该导 电滑环装包括滑环壳体、滑环上接头、滑环下接头、滑环输出轴、滑环端盖、支撑体、滑环内芯***和电力和信号传输装置；
其中，所述滑环壳体、滑环上接头、滑环下接头、滑环输出轴和滑环端盖共同组成一个密封空腔，所述空腔密封内充满耐高温润滑油，
所述滑环上接头，用于电力和信号输入端或输出端，
所述滑环输出轴，用于电力和信号输入端或输出端；
所述电力和信号传输装置，用于将接收到的电力和信号传递给所述滑环内芯***或将所述滑环内芯***发出的电力和信号发送出去；
所述滑环内芯***，用于将接收到的电力和信号传递给所述电力和信号传输装置或将所述电力和信号传输装置发出的电力和信号发送出去。
所述支撑体与钻铤通过销钉固定连接，所述支撑体的内侧设有泥浆通道，所述滑环壳体通过螺钉固定在所述支撑体的内部，且所述滑环壳体两端伸出所述支撑体外部，所述滑环上接头设置在所述滑环壳体的一端，所述滑环下接头设置在所述滑环壳体的另一端，所述滑环端盖设置在所述滑环下接头另一端的端部，所述电力和信号传输装置设置在所述滑环上接头内部，并伸入到所述滑环壳体内部的滑环空腔内与所述滑环内芯***的一端连接；
输出轴支撑轴承设置在所述滑环下接头的内部，所述输出轴支撑轴承的内圈通过锁紧螺母锁紧，所述滑环壳体与滑环下接头连接处设有波形弹簧，通过压紧所述波形弹簧从而预紧输出轴支撑轴承外圈， 所述滑环输出轴的一端穿过所述滑环下接头的内部安装在所述输出轴支撑轴承上，与所述滑环内芯***的一端固接，另一端与随钻仪器相对转动的结构连接；
所述滑环壳体设有充油口，所述充油口与所述滑环空腔连通，所述充油口上设有充油孔堵头。
该装置还包括压力平衡***，所述压力平衡***包括至少一个平衡活塞行程缸、压力平衡活塞、滤网和压力平衡孔；
其中，至少一个所述平衡活塞行程缸设置在所述滑环壳体内部，所述压力平衡活塞设置在所述平衡活塞行程缸内部，所述压力平衡孔设置在所述滑环壳体上，所述压力平衡孔一端与所述平衡活塞行程缸连通，另一端与钻铤的泥浆通道联通，所述滤网设置在所述压力平衡孔与所述钻铤的泥浆通道联通的一端的端部。
所述滑环内芯***包括滑环转子、滑环定子、护套和转子支撑轴承；
其中，所述转子支撑轴承固定设置在所述护套的内部，所述滑环定子安装在所述转子支撑轴承上，所述滑环转子设置在所述滑环定子内部，且一端与通过销钉与所述滑环输出轴连接；所述滑环定子内部镶嵌定子电刷，所述滑环转子表面镶嵌表面镀金铜环，所述定子电刷与所述镀金铜环时刻接触。
所述护套上还设有止转螺钉，所述止转螺钉与滑环定子通过连接，当所述止转螺钉嵌入所述滑环空腔内侧壁上的止转键槽中时，从而使护套与滑环定子相对滑环壳体不转动。
所述电力和信号传输装置包括承压连接器插针、承压连接器插座和中转接护套；
所述承压连接器插针的一端***与所述承压连接器插座内，所述中转接护套设置在所述压连接器插针和承压连接器插座的两端。
所述护套采用耐高温非金属材料制成，所述耐高温非金属材料包括PEEK或者尼龙。
该导电滑环装置还包括动密封圈，所述动密封圈设置在滑环下接头端部槽内，然后通过滑环端盖固定住，滑环下接头端部槽和滑环端盖左端面与动密封圈20接触的面光洁度Ra≤0.8微米，滑环输出轴与动密封圈20的接触面光洁度Ra≤0.2微米；所述动密封圈工作温度能达到-100℃到+260℃，密封内外压差最大15Mpa；所述滑环输出轴与动密封圈的接触面洛氏硬度HRC≥55。
所述滑环输出轴采用硬质合金加工，或者表面喷陶瓷等技术使硬度提升。
滑环在使用过程中并没有方向性，也就是滑环上接头2作为电力和信号输入端，滑环输出轴4作为输出端。也可以将滑环输出轴4作为电力和信号输入端，滑环上接头2作为输出端。可以根据滑环使用的具体结构做相应的选择。
滑环过电力和信号线的芯数可根据具体需要进行选择，可以是单芯也可以是多芯，只需相应改变承压连接器插针8和承压连接器插座9的针芯数，并相应改变滑环转子13上导电环的个数和滑环定子14上定子电刷14.1的个数。扩展方便，适应的应用场合不受过电力和 信号的芯数限制。
下面以滑环上接头2作为电力和信号输入端，滑环输出轴4作为输出端，并且过单芯，为基础对技术方案进行详细介绍。
所述导电滑环***包括滑环壳体1、滑环上接头2、滑环下接头3、滑环输出轴4、滑环端盖5、支撑体7组成。滑环输出轴4相对于其它部分转动。滑环壳体1、滑环上接头2、滑环下接头3、滑环输出轴4、滑环端盖5、动密封圈20共同组成一个密封空腔，空腔内充满耐高温润滑油。
支撑体7与滑环壳体1通过螺钉固定连接，支撑体7与钻铤通过销钉固定连接，从而将滑环本体支撑在仪器钻铤内部，根据不同仪器钻铤通孔大小不同，支撑体7的外径可以改变。泥浆可以通过泥浆通道7.1流经滑环本体。
滑环上接头2与滑环壳体1通过法兰方式或者螺纹方式连接，通过密封O圈2.1绝对密封，防止外部泥浆进入，或者内部润滑油外泄。
滑环壳体1与滑环下接头3通过螺纹方式连接，通过密封O圈1.2绝对密封，防止外部泥浆进入，或者内部润滑油外泄。滑环下接头3与滑环壳体1通过法兰方式或者螺纹方式连接。
电力和信号线焊接在滑环上接头2中转接护套10左端，通过承压连接器插针8、承压连接器插座9连接到滑环壳体1中转接护套10，进一步通过导线21与滑环定子14连接。
滑环转子13、滑环定子14、护套15、转子支撑轴承16组成了滑环内芯***，护套15是由PEEK或者尼龙等耐高温非金属材料加工， 主要是对滑环转子13、滑环定子14起绝缘保护作用。滑环定子14内部镶嵌定子电刷14.1，定子电刷14.1是一组表面镀金的弹性钢片，数量根据滑环过电力和信号线的芯数而定。滑环转子13表面镶嵌表面镀金铜环，与定子电刷14.1时刻接触，铜环数量与定子电刷14.1的弹性钢片数量相对应。转子支撑轴承16由上下两个轴承组成，支撑滑环转子13，使滑环转子13与滑环定子14能够相对转动。
护套15与滑环定子14通过止转螺钉15.1连接，止转螺钉15.1嵌入止转键槽1.3中，从而使护套15与滑环定子14相对滑环壳体1不转动。
滑环转子13与滑环输出轴4通过销钉22连接，滑环输出轴4与随钻仪器相对转动的结构连接。
输出轴支撑轴承17支撑滑环输出轴4，使滑环输出轴4能够相对滑环本体转动。输出轴支撑轴承17可根据不同工况选择不同轴承，如果滑环输出轴4承受轴向力，可以选择推力轴承；如果滑环输出轴4承受侧向力或者弯矩，可以选择角接触球轴承或者圆锥滚子轴承；根据承受力的大小轴承数量也可以增多或者减少，如果受到轴向力、侧向力、弯矩多种载荷综合作用，可以采用多种轴承配合使用，从而达到理想的支撑效果。
输出轴支撑轴承17内圈通过锁紧螺母19锁紧。滑环壳体1与滑环下接头3螺纹安装时挤压波形弹簧18，从而预紧输出轴支撑轴承17外圈。
动密封圈20是一种特制的密封圈，工作温度能达到-100℃到 +260℃，密封内外压差最大15Mpa。动密封圈20安装在滑环下接头3端部槽内，然后通过滑环端盖5固定住，滑环下接头3端部槽和滑环端盖5左端面与动密封圈20接触的面光洁度Ra≤0.8微米，滑环输出轴4与动密封圈20的接触面光洁度Ra≤0.2微米，滑环输出轴4与动密封圈20的接触面洛氏硬度HRC≥55。滑环输出轴4一般采用硬质合金加工，或者表面喷陶瓷等技术使硬度提升，从而提高动密封寿命。
取下充油孔堵头12，通过外部充油机给整个滑环空腔和平衡活塞行程缸内部充油，充油过程中要不断抽真空并且循环，尽量排除油中空气。充油过程中2个压力平衡活塞11始终处于滑环最左端位置，使整个滑环空腔中冲入的油尽量多。
2个平衡活塞行程缸1.1分别通过侧向2个压力平衡孔1.4与泥浆联通，平衡外部泥浆与内部润滑油之间的压差，使动密封能够正常可靠的工作。
2个滤网6分别对泥浆进行过滤，防止泥浆中过大的颗粒堵塞平衡孔从而影响平衡活塞的工作。
2个压力平衡活塞11是相互补充的作用，井下工况环境恶劣，当一个压力平衡活塞11失效时，另一个压力平衡活塞11还能正常工作，从而保证滑环能够正常工作。
随着钻井过程中井深不断增加，外部泥压力不断增大，压力平衡活塞11在平衡活塞行程缸1.1移动，从而平衡外部泥浆与内部润滑油之间的压差。
动密封圈20在旋转工作过程中有一定的润滑油泄露，使内部润滑油的压力减小，压力平衡活塞11在平衡活塞行程缸1.1移动补充油量，平衡压差。
本发明的工作原理是：由于滑环壳体、滑环上接头、滑环下接头、滑环输出轴和滑环端盖共同组成一个密封空腔，所述密封空腔内充满耐高温润滑油，通过平衡活塞结构与外界进行压力平衡，实现滑环能在高温高压下工作。滑环上接头和滑环输出轴可分别作为电力和信号输入端和输出端，使用过程中并没有方向性。以滑环上接头作为电力和信号输入端为例进行介绍，电力和信号传输装置将接收到的电力和信号传递给滑环内芯***，滑环内芯***主要包括滑环转子、滑环定子等，滑环定子内部镶嵌定子电刷，滑环转子表面镶嵌表面镀金铜环，定子电刷与所述镀金铜环时刻接触，并且定转子之间相对转动，将电力和信号传递到滑环输出轴上，从而实现电力和信号在具有相对转动的两个结构之间传输。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种随钻仪器用导电滑环装置，其特征在于，该导电滑环装包括滑环壳体、滑环上接头、滑环下接头、滑环输出轴、滑环端盖、支撑体、滑环内芯***和电力和信号传输装置；
    其中，所述滑环壳体、滑环上接头、滑环下接头、滑环输出轴和滑环端盖共同组成一个密封空腔，所述密封空腔内充满耐高温润滑油；
    所述滑环上接头，用于电力和信号输入端或输出端，
    所述滑环输出轴，用于电力和信号输入端或输出端；
    所述电力和信号传输装置，用于将接收到的电力和信号传递给所述滑环内芯***或将所述滑环内芯***发出的电力和信号发送出去；所述电力和信号传输装置设置在所述滑环上接头的内部；
    所述滑环内芯***，用于将接收到的电力和信号传递给所述电力和信号传输装置或将所述电力和信号传输装置发出的电力和信号发送出去，所述滑环内芯***设置在所述滑环壳体内部。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的导电滑环装置，其特征在于，所述支撑体与钻铤通过销钉固定连接，所述支撑体的内侧设有泥浆通道，所述滑环壳体通过螺钉固定在所述支撑体的内部，且所述滑环壳体两端伸出所述支撑体外部，所述滑环上接头设置在所述滑环壳体的一端，所述滑环下接头设置在所述滑环壳体的另一端，所述滑环端盖设置在所述滑环下接头另一端的端部，所述电力和信号传输装置设置在所述滑环上接头内部，并伸入到所述滑环壳体内部的滑环空腔内与所述滑环内芯***的一端连接；
    输出轴支撑轴承设置在所述滑环下接头的内部，所述输出轴支撑轴承的内圈通过锁紧螺母锁紧，所述滑环壳体与滑环下接头连接处设有波形弹簧，通过压紧所述波形弹簧从而预紧输出轴支撑轴承外圈，所述滑环输出轴的一端穿过所述滑环下接头的内部安装在所述输出轴支撑轴承上，与所述滑环内芯***的一端固接，另一端与随钻仪器相对转动的结构连接；
    所述滑环壳体设有充油口，所述充油口与所述滑环空腔连通，所述充油口上设有充油孔堵头。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的导电滑环装置，其特征在于，该装置还包括压力平衡***，所述压力平衡***包括至少一个平衡活塞行程缸、压力平衡活塞、滤网和压力平衡孔；
    其中，至少一个所述平衡活塞行程缸设置在位于所述滑环空腔的另一端的所述滑环壳体内部，且所述平衡活塞行程缸与所述滑环壳体连通，所述压力平衡活塞设置在所述平衡活塞行程缸内部，所述压力平衡孔设置在所述滑环壳体上，所述压力平衡孔一端与所述平衡活塞行程缸连通，另一端与钻铤的泥浆通道联通，所述滤网设置在所述压力平衡孔与所述钻铤的泥浆通道联通的一端的端部。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的导电滑环装置，其特征在于，所述滑环内芯***包括滑环转子、滑环定子、护套、转子支撑轴承和止转螺钉；
    其中，所述转子支撑轴承固定设置在所述护套的内部，所述滑环定子安装在所述转子支撑轴承上，所述护套通过所述止转螺钉与滑环定子连接，所述滑环转子设置在所述滑环定子内部，且一端与通过销 钉与所述滑环输出轴连接；所述滑环定子内部镶嵌定子电刷，所述滑环转子表面镶嵌表面镀金铜环，所述定子电刷与所述镀金铜环时刻保持接触；当所述止转螺钉嵌入所述滑环空腔内侧壁上的止转键槽中时，从而使护套与滑环定子相对滑环壳体不转动。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的导电滑环装置，其特征在于，所述电力和信号传输装置包括承压连接器插针、承压连接器插座和中转接护套；
    所述承压连接器插针的一端***与所述承压连接器插座内，所述中转接护套设置在所述压连接器插针和承压连接器插座的两端；所述承压连接器插针和承压连接器插座9的针芯数为一个或多个。
  6. 根据权利要求4所述的导电滑环装置，其特征在于，所述护套采用耐高温非金属材料制成，所述耐高温非金属材料包括PEEK或者尼龙。
  7. 根据权利要求2或3所述的导电滑环装置，其特征在于，该导电滑环装置还包括动密封圈，所述动密封圈设置在滑环下接头端部槽内，然后通过滑环端盖固定住。所述滑环下接头端部槽和滑环端盖左端面与动密封圈接触的面光洁度Ra≤0.8微米，滑环输出轴与动密封圈的接触面光洁度Ra≤0.2微米。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的导电滑环装置，其特征在于，所述动密封圈工作温度为-100℃到+260℃，密封内外压差最大15Mpa；所述滑环输出轴与动密封圈的接触面洛氏硬度HRC≥55。
  9. 根据权利要求2所述的导电滑环装置，其特征在于，所述滑 环输出轴采用硬质合金加工，或者表面喷陶瓷以使硬度提升。
  10. 根据权利要求4所述的导电滑环装置，其特征在于，所述定子电刷为一组表面镀金的弹性钢片；所述定子电刷的数量与导线的芯数相对应；所述定子电刷与镀金铜环一一对应。
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