WO2020034655A1 - 一种利用类壤土基质喷播技术进行沙地治理的方法 - Google Patents

一种利用类壤土基质喷播技术进行沙地治理的方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020034655A1
WO2020034655A1 PCT/CN2019/083438 CN2019083438W WO2020034655A1 WO 2020034655 A1 WO2020034655 A1 WO 2020034655A1 CN 2019083438 W CN2019083438 W CN 2019083438W WO 2020034655 A1 WO2020034655 A1 WO 2020034655A1
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Prior art keywords
loam
soil
type
mixture
spraying
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PCT/CN2019/083438
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English (en)
French (fr)
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沈奕锋
张玉倩
张波
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江苏绿岩生态技术股份有限公司
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Priority to CA3108836A priority Critical patent/CA3108836C/en
Priority to US16/496,172 priority patent/US11528857B2/en
Priority to AU2019322658A priority patent/AU2019322658B2/en
Publication of WO2020034655A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020034655A1/zh

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
    • A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
    • A01C1/06—Coating or dressing seed
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C7/00—Sowing
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C7/00—Sowing
    • A01C7/004—Sowing using liquid seeding techniques
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C7/00—Sowing
    • A01C7/008—Sod or grassland seeding
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
    • A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G20/00—Cultivation of turf, lawn or the like; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
    • A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
    • A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
    • A01G24/28—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D3/00—Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of desert management, in particular to a method for sand control using a loam-like substrate spraying technology.
  • mechanical sand barrier is an important sand-fixing measure. It is relatively fast to install and has good wind-proof and sand-fixing effects.
  • there are also many shortcomings such as inconvenient transportation, relatively high costs for installation and management, and The characteristics of ecological benefits and economic benefits are not significant, which is not conducive to long-term stable ecological restoration and ecological planning and construction.
  • biological desert planting can bring the ecological and economic benefits of plants into play for a long time and steadily, and speed up the ecological restoration and construction of the region. It is a sustainable desert prevention measure.
  • the biological desert cover is mostly laid by shrubs.
  • the planted tree species generally include sandy shrubs such as Jujube sylvestris, Haloxylon ammodendron, Salix sylvestris, etc., but because the surface of the dunes will move, and The amount of water is low, regular irrigation and protection are required, the labor is high, and the cost is high.
  • the above plants have slow growth and low survival rate, and cannot quickly form the effect of wind and sand fixation.
  • the present invention provides a method for sandy land treatment by using the spraying technology of a loam-like substrate.
  • the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:
  • a method for treating sandy land by using a loam-like substrate spraying technology includes the following steps. First, a simple sand-fixing treatment is performed, and a layer of metal net is laid on the sandy land, and the metal net is fixed on the surface of the sandy land by sand-fixing piles;
  • seed spraying is carried out on sandy land by spraying on the loam-like substrate, including
  • the loam-like soil matrix mixture is sprayed onto the metal mesh after mixing, and the water consumption is controlled to make the first type of loam-like soil matrix spray sprayed on the sandy metal mesh thick and stable without flowing around;
  • the distribution ratio of each group in the first type of loam substrate mixture is 58% of soil, 11% of peat, 1.5% of curing agent, 7% of organic fertilizer, 14% of straw fiber, 0.1% of trace elements, 1.3% of diluent fertilizer, Water-retaining agent 2.1%, loam-like substrate agent 5%; the distribution ratio of each group in the second type of loam-substrate mixture is 62% of soil, 10% of peat, 7% of minerals, 2% of curing agent, 10% of straw fiber, and 0.1 of trace elements %, Diluted fertilizer 1.3%, water retaining agent 1.6%, loam-like soil base agent 5%, plant seeds 1%.
  • the thickness of the first type of loam substrate mixture is 7-8 cm.
  • the plant seeds in the second type of loam substrate mixture are herbs seeds, sand shrub plant seeds or nitrogen-fixing plant seeds.
  • the water pipe is connected to a reservoir or an irrigation system.
  • the reseeding is performed within a period of 5-15 days after the end of the spraying, and the plant seeds are soaked and germinated 48-72 hours before the reseeding.
  • the method provided by the present invention for using sandy soil substrate spraying technology to treat sandy land uses two-layer spraying method for seeding, and quickly simulates a loamy soil substrate suitable for plant growth in nature through bionics, which has good water retention.
  • the performance is conducive to improving the germination rate of seeds, it is helpful for root development, microbial activity and nutrient transformation, and promotes plant growth and development; less investment, quick effect, suitable for large-scale sand control.
  • a method for harnessing sandy soil by spraying technology on a loam-like substrate includes the following steps:
  • a simple sand-fixing treatment is performed.
  • a layer of metal mesh is laid on the sandy land, and the metal mesh is fixed to the surface of the sandy land by sand-fixing piles.
  • seed spraying is carried out on sandy land by spraying on the loam-like substrate, including
  • the loam-like soil matrix mixture is sprayed onto the metal mesh after mixing, and the water consumption is controlled to make the first type of loam-like soil matrix spray sprayed on the sandy metal mesh thick and stable without flowing around;
  • the distribution ratio of each group in the first type of loam substrate mixture is 58% of soil, 11% of peat, 1.5% of curing agent, 7% of organic fertilizer, 14% of straw fiber, 0.1% of trace elements, 1.3% of diluent fertilizer, and 2.1 of water-retaining agent %, 5% loam-like matrix agent;
  • the distribution ratio of each group in the second type of loam-like matrix mixture is soil 62%, peat 10%, mineral 7%, curing agent 2%, straw fiber 10%, trace elements 0.1%, dilution Fertilizer 1.3%, water retaining agent 1.6%, loam-like soil matrix agent 5%, plant seeds 1%.
  • the thickness of the first type of loam substrate mixture is 7-8 cm.
  • the plant seeds in the second type of loam substrate mixture are herbaceous plants, sandy shrub plants or nitrogen-fixing plants.
  • the water pipe is connected to a reservoir or an irrigation system.
  • the replanting is performed within a period of 5-15 days after the end of the spraying, and the plant seeds are soaked and germinated 48-72 hours before the replanting.
  • a method for harnessing sandy soil by spraying technology on a loam-like substrate includes the following steps:
  • a simple sand-fixing treatment is performed.
  • a layer of metal mesh is laid on the sandy land, and the metal mesh is fixed to the surface of the sandy land by sand-fixing piles.
  • seed spraying is carried out on sandy land by spraying on the loam-like substrate, including
  • the loam-like soil matrix mixture is sprayed onto the metal mesh after mixing, and the water consumption is controlled to make the first type of loam-like soil matrix spray sprayed on the sandy metal mesh thick and stable without flowing around;
  • the distribution ratio of each group in the first type of loam substrate mixture is 58% of soil, 11% of peat, 1.5% of curing agent, 7% of organic fertilizer, 14% of straw fiber, 0.1% of trace elements, 1.3% of diluent fertilizer, and 2.1 of water-retaining agent %, 5% loam-like matrix agent;
  • the distribution ratio of each group in the second type of loam-like matrix mixture is soil 62%, peat 10%, mineral 7%, curing agent 2%, straw fiber 10%, trace elements 0.1%, dilution Fertilizer 1.3%, water-retaining agent 1.6%, loam-like soil base agent 5%, plant seeds 1%;
  • the curing agent is an environmentally friendly adhesive;
  • the organic fertilizer is rotten chicken manure, and the water content is ⁇ 20wt%;
  • the Straw fiber is straw fiber; CaO in the trace elements is ⁇ 20% by weight, MgO is ⁇ 5% by weight, P 2 O 5 is ⁇ 4% by weight; the content of potassium oxide in the
  • the thickness of the first type of loam substrate mixture is 7-8 cm.
  • the plant seeds in the second type of loam substrate mixture are herbaceous plants, sandy shrub plants or nitrogen-fixing plants.
  • the water pipe is connected to a reservoir or an irrigation system.
  • the replanting is performed within a period of 5-15 days after the end of the spraying, and the plant seeds are soaked and germinated 48-72 hours before the replanting.
  • a method for harnessing sandy soil by spraying technology on a loam-like substrate includes the following steps:
  • a simple sand-fixing treatment is performed.
  • a layer of metal mesh is laid on the sandy land, and the metal mesh is fixed to the surface of the sandy land by sand-fixing piles.
  • seed spraying is carried out on sandy land by spraying on the loam-like substrate, including
  • the loam-like soil matrix mixture is sprayed onto the metal mesh after mixing, and the water consumption is controlled to make the first type of loam-like soil matrix spray sprayed on the sandy metal mesh thick and stable without flowing around;
  • the distribution ratio of each group in the first type of loam substrate mixture is 58% of soil, 11% of peat, 1.5% of curing agent, 7% of organic fertilizer, 14% of straw fiber, 0.1% of trace elements, 1.3% of diluent fertilizer, and 2.1 of water-retaining agent %, 5% loam-like matrix agent;
  • the distribution ratio of each group in the second type of loam-like matrix mixture is soil 62%, peat 10%, mineral 7%, curing agent 2%, straw fiber 10%, trace elements 0.1%, dilution Fertilizer 1.3%, water-retaining agent 1.6%, loam-like soil base agent 5%, plant seeds 1%;
  • the curing agent is an environmentally friendly adhesive;
  • the organic fertilizer is rotten chicken manure and pig manure, and the water content is ⁇ 20wt%
  • the straw fiber is straw fiber; CaO in the trace element is ⁇ 20% by weight, MgO is ⁇ 5% by weight, P 2 O 5 is ⁇ 4% by weight; the content of potassium
  • the thickness of the first type of loam substrate mixture is 4-6 cm.
  • the plant seeds in the second type of loam substrate mixture are herbaceous plants, sandy shrub plants or nitrogen-fixing plants.
  • the water pipe is connected to a reservoir or an irrigation system.
  • the replanting is performed within a period of 5-15 days after the end of the spraying, and the plant seeds are soaked and germinated 48-72 hours before the replanting.
  • a method for harnessing sandy soil by spraying technology on a loam-like substrate includes the following steps:
  • a simple sand-fixing treatment is performed.
  • a layer of metal mesh is laid on the sandy land, and the metal mesh is fixed to the surface of the sandy land by sand-fixing piles.
  • seed spraying is carried out on sandy land by spraying on the loam-like substrate, including
  • the loam-like soil matrix mixture is sprayed onto the metal mesh after mixing, and the water consumption is controlled to make the first type of loam-like soil matrix spray sprayed on the sandy metal mesh thick and stable without flowing around;
  • the distribution ratio of each group in the first type of loam substrate mixture is 58% of soil, 11% of peat, 1.5% of curing agent, 7% of organic fertilizer, 14% of straw fiber, 0.1% of trace elements, 1.3% of diluent fertilizer, and 2.1 of water-retaining agent %, 5% loam-like matrix agent;
  • the distribution ratio of each group in the second type of loam-like matrix mixture is soil 62%, peat 10%, mineral 7%, curing agent 2%, straw fiber 10%, trace elements 0.1%, dilution Fertilizer 1.3%, water retaining agent 1.6%, loam-like soil base agent 5%, plant seeds 1%;
  • the curing agent is an environmentally friendly adhesive;
  • the organic fertilizer is rotten pig manure, and the water content is ⁇ 20wt%;
  • the Straw fiber is bran; CaO in the trace elements is ⁇ 20% by weight, MgO is ⁇ 5% by weight, P 2 O 5 is ⁇ 4% by weight; the content of potassium oxide in
  • the thickness of the first type of loam substrate mixture is 7-8 cm.
  • the plant seeds in the second type of loam substrate mixture are herbaceous plants, sandy shrub plants or nitrogen-fixing plants.
  • the water pipe is connected to a reservoir or an irrigation system.
  • the replanting is performed within a period of 5-15 days after the end of the spraying, and the plant seeds are soaked and germinated 48-72 hours before the replanting.
  • a method for harnessing sandy soil by spraying technology on a loam-like substrate includes the following steps:
  • a simple sand-fixing treatment is performed.
  • a layer of metal mesh is laid on the sandy land, and the metal mesh is fixed to the surface of the sandy land by sand-fixing piles.
  • seed spraying is carried out on sandy land by spraying on the loam-like substrate, including
  • the loam-like soil matrix mixture is sprayed onto the metal mesh after mixing, and the water consumption is controlled to make the first type of loam-like soil matrix spray sprayed on the sandy metal mesh thick and stable without flowing around;
  • the distribution ratio of each group in the first type of loam substrate mixture is 58% of soil, 11% of peat, 1.5% of curing agent, 7% of organic fertilizer, 14% of straw fiber, 0.1% of trace elements, 1.3% of diluent fertilizer, and 2.1 of water-retaining agent %, 5% loam-like matrix agent;
  • the distribution ratio of each group in the second type of loam-like matrix mixture is soil 62%, peat 10%, mineral 7%, curing agent 2%, straw fiber 10%, trace elements 0.1%, dilution Fertilizer 1.3%, water retaining agent 1.6%, loam-like soil base agent 5%, plant seeds 1%;
  • the curing agent is an environmentally friendly adhesive;
  • the organic fertilizer is rotten pig manure, and the water content is ⁇ 20wt%;
  • the Straw fibers are decomposed wood chips of broad-leaved trees; CaO in the trace elements is ⁇ 20% by weight, MgO is ⁇ 5% by weight, and P 2 O 5
  • the thickness of the first type of loam substrate mixture is 4 cm.
  • the plant seeds in the second type of loam substrate mixture are herbaceous plants, sandy shrub plants or nitrogen-fixing plants.
  • the water pipe is connected to a reservoir or an irrigation system.
  • the replanting is performed within a period of 5-15 days after the end of the spraying, and the plant seeds are soaked and germinated 48-72 hours before the replanting.
  • a method for harnessing sandy soil by spraying technology on a loam-like substrate includes the following steps:
  • a simple sand-fixing treatment is performed.
  • a layer of metal mesh is laid on the sandy land, and the metal mesh is fixed to the surface of the sandy land by sand-fixing piles.
  • seed spraying is carried out on sandy land by spraying on the loam-like substrate, including
  • the loam-like soil matrix mixture is sprayed onto the metal mesh after mixing, and the water consumption is controlled to make the first type of loam-like soil matrix spray sprayed on the sandy metal mesh thick and stable without flowing around;
  • the distribution ratio of each group in the first type of loam substrate mixture is 58% of soil, 11% of peat, 1.5% of curing agent, 7% of organic fertilizer, 14% of straw fiber, 0.1% of trace elements, 1.3% of diluent fertilizer, and 2.1 of water retaining agent %, 5% loam-like matrix agent;
  • the distribution ratio of each group in the second type of loam-like matrix mixture is soil 62%, peat 10%, mineral 7%, curing agent 2%, straw fiber 10%, trace elements 0.1%, dilution Fertilizer 1.3%, water-retaining agent 1.6%, loam-like soil base agent 5%, plant seeds 1%;
  • the curing agent is an environmentally friendly adhesive;
  • the organic fertilizer is rotten chicken manure, and the water content is ⁇ 20wt%;
  • the Straw fiber is bran; CaO in the trace elements is ⁇ 20% by weight, MgO is ⁇ 5% by weight, P 2 O 5 is ⁇ 4% by weight; the content of potassium oxide in the
  • the thickness of the first type of loam substrate mixture is 5 cm.
  • the plant seeds in the second type of loam substrate mixture are herbaceous plants, sandy shrub plants or nitrogen-fixing plants.
  • the water pipe is connected to a reservoir or an irrigation system.
  • the replanting is performed within a period of 5-15 days after the end of the spraying, and the plant seeds are soaked and germinated 48-72 hours before the replanting.
  • a method for harnessing sandy soil by spraying technology on a loam-like substrate includes the following steps:
  • a simple sand-fixing treatment is performed.
  • a layer of metal mesh is laid on the sandy land, and the metal mesh is fixed to the surface of the sandy land by sand-fixing piles.
  • seed spraying is carried out on sandy land by spraying on the loam-like substrate, including
  • the loam-like soil matrix mixture is sprayed onto the metal mesh after mixing, and the water consumption is controlled to make the first type of loam-like soil matrix spray sprayed on the sandy metal mesh thick and stable without flowing around;
  • the distribution ratio of each group in the first type of loam substrate mixture is 58% of soil, 11% of peat, 1.5% of curing agent, 7% of organic fertilizer, 14% of straw fiber, 0.1% of trace elements, 1.3% of diluent fertilizer, and 2.1 of water-retaining agent %, 5% loam-like matrix agent;
  • the distribution ratio of each group in the second type of loam-like matrix mixture is soil 62%, peat 10%, mineral 7%, curing agent 2%, straw fiber 10%, trace elements 0.1%, dilution Fertilizer 1.3%, water retaining agent 1.6%, loam-like soil base agent 5%, plant seeds 1%;
  • the curing agent is environmentally friendly adhesive;
  • the organic fertilizer is pig manure, and the moisture content is ⁇ 20wt%;
  • the thickness of the first type of loam substrate mixture is 6 cm.
  • the plant seeds in the second type of loam substrate mixture are herbaceous plants, sandy shrub plants or nitrogen-fixing plants.
  • the water pipe is connected to a reservoir or an irrigation system.
  • the replanting is performed within a period of 5-15 days after the end of the spraying, and the plant seeds are soaked and germinated 48-72 hours before the replanting.
  • the germination rates of the seeds of Examples 1 to 7 were measured, and the germination rates were all above 98%.
  • the invention adopts two-layer spraying for seeding, and quickly simulates a loam-like soil substrate suitable for plant growth in nature through bionics.
  • the substrate layer can reduce the substrate through surface tension under strong light, strong transpiration, and strong wind. Surface cracks minimize the loss of water; at night, when the air humidity is 20% or above, the surface layer of the substrate can absorb the air humidity and store it in the sandy loam below the underlying substrate layer, and the dew on the vegetation can also be stored in the substrate. , Its good water retention performance is conducive to improving the germination rate of seeds, which can reach more than 98%. It is indicated that the sand control method provided by the present invention is helpful for root system development, microbial activity and nutrient transformation, and promotes plant growth and development; less investment, quick effect, suitable for large-scale sand control.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
  • Pit Excavations, Shoring, Fill Or Stabilisation Of Slopes (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Physiology (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)

Abstract

一种利用类壤土基质喷播技术进行沙地治理的方法，包括如下步骤，首先进行简单的固沙处理，在沙地铺设一层金属网，金属网通过固沙桩固定于沙地表面；其次通过类壤土基质喷播方式，对沙地进行种子喷播；最后喷播完成后，需进行养护管理工作，包括金属网周围增加防护板、覆盖无纺布、浇水、施肥、补种和后期监测。该利用喷播技术进行沙地治理的方法，通过仿生快速模拟出自然界中适合植物生长的类壤土基质，其良好的保水性能有利于提高种子发芽率，促进植物生长发育；投入少，见效快，适合大规模的防沙治理。

Description

一种利用类壤土基质喷播技术进行沙地治理的方法
本申请要求于2018年08月15日提交中国专利局、申请号为CN201810929998.1、发明名称为“一种利用类壤土基质喷播技术进行沙地治理的方法”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本发明涉及沙漠治理技术领域，尤其涉及一种利用类壤土基质喷播技术进行沙地治理的方法。
背景技术
世界各地存在着大片沙漠，而且在迅速扩展，沙尘暴发生的频率也越来越高，造成的危害也越来越大，尽管社会各界对防沙治沙日益关注，也耗费大量财力和物力用于防沙治沙，但总体来看治理速度仍然赶不上沙漠化速度，局部改善但整体恶化的趋势仍在延续，沙进人退的局面没有得到根本改善。
在沙漠化防治中，机械沙障是一项重要的固沙措施，布设速度相对较快，同时具有良好的防风固沙效果，但也存在着交通运输不便、布设及管护成本相对较高等诸多不足，且存在生态效益、经济效益不显著的特点，不利于长期稳定的生态恢复及生态规划建设。而生物沙漠覆植相比机械沙障可以长期稳定地发挥植物的生态效益和经济效益，加快地区生态恢复建设，是一种可持续的防沙治沙措施。
目前，生物沙漠覆植的布设方法多采用带式栽植灌木植物的方法，种植的树种一般包含东疆沙拐枣、梭梭、沙柳等沙生灌木，但是由于沙丘表面会移动，以及沙丘含水量低，需要定期灌溉和防护，投入的人力多，成本高，而且，上述植物生长慢、成活率低，不能快速形成防风固沙的效果。
发明内容
本发明为了克服现有技术中存在的不足，提供了一种利用类壤土基质喷播技术进行沙地治理的方法。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明采用的技术方案为：
一种利用类壤土基质喷播技术进行沙地治理的方法，包括如下步骤，首先进行简单的固沙处理，在沙地铺设一层金属网，金属网通过固沙桩固定于沙地表面；
其次通过类壤土基质喷播方式，对沙地进行种子喷播，包括
A.分别将类壤土基质剂与部分基材按比例搅拌均匀，形成第一类壤土基质混合物，用喷射泵将第一类壤土基质混合物送至喷射管口；在喷射管口加入水与第一类壤土基质混合物混合后喷射到金属网上，用水量控制在使喷射在沙地金属网上的第一类壤土基质混合物粘稠稳定而不致四处流淌；
B.第一次喷射的第一类壤土基质混合物达到一定的厚度后，在第一类壤土基质混合物表面平行间隔地铺设若干水管；所述水管上设有过水孔；
C.分别将类壤土基质剂、部分基材和植物种子按比例搅拌均匀，形成第二类壤土基质混合物，用喷射泵将第二类壤土基质混合物送至喷射管口，进行二次喷射；所述种子进行过催芽处理；
D.在沙地上最终喷射两次的类壤土基质混合物平均厚度为12-16cm时，结束喷射；
最后喷播完成后，需进行养护管理工作，包括金属网周围增加防护板、覆盖无纺布、浇水、施肥、补种和后期监测。
优选地，所述第一类壤土基质混合物中各组分配比为土壤58％、泥炭11％、固化剂1.5％、有机肥7％、秸秆纤维14％、微量元素0.1％、稀释肥1.3％、保水剂2.1％、类壤土基质剂5％；第二类壤土基质混合物中各组分配比为土壤62％、泥炭10％、矿物质7％、固化剂2％、秸秆纤维10％、微量元素0.1％、稀释肥1.3％、保水剂1.6％、类壤土基质剂5％、植物种子1％。
优选地，所述第一类壤土基质混合物的厚度为7-8cm。
优选地，所述第二类壤土基质混合物中的植物种子为草本植物种子、沙生灌木植物种子或固氮植物种子。
优选地，所述水管与蓄水池或灌溉***连接。
优选地，所述补种在喷播结束后的5-15天的时间里进行，补种前48-72小时对植物种子进行浸种催芽。
有益效果：本发明提供的利用类壤土基质喷播技术进行沙地治理的方法，采用两层喷播的方式进行播种，通过仿生快速模拟出自然界中适合植物生长的类壤土基质，其良好的保水性能有利于提高种子发芽率，有助于根系发育、微生物活动及养分转化，促进植物生长发育；投入少，见效快，适合大规模的防沙治理。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作更进一步的说明。
实施例1
一种利用类壤土基质喷播技术进行沙地治理的方法，包括如下步骤：
首先进行简单的固沙处理，在沙地铺设一层金属网，金属网通过固沙桩固定与沙地表面。
其次通过类壤土基质喷播方式，对沙地进行种子喷播，包括
A.分别将类壤土基质剂与部分基材按比例搅拌均匀，形成第一类壤土基质混合物，用喷射泵将第一类壤土基质混合物送至喷射管口；在喷射管口加入水与第一类壤土基质混合物混合后喷射到金属网上，用水量控制在使喷射在沙地金属网上的第一类壤土基质混合物粘稠稳定而不致四处流淌；
B.第一次喷射的第一类壤土基质混合物达到一定的厚度后，在第一类壤土基质混合物表面平行间隔地铺设若干水管；所述水管上设有过水孔；
C.分别将类壤土基质剂、部分基材和植物种子按比例搅拌均匀，形成第二类壤土基质混合物，用喷射泵将第二类壤土基质混合物送至喷射管口，进行二次喷射；所述种子进行过催芽处理；
D.在沙地上最终喷射两次的类壤土基质混合物平均厚度为12-16cm时，结束喷射。
最后喷播完成后，需进行养护管理工作，包括金属网周围增加防护板、覆盖无纺布、浇水、施肥、补种和后期监测。
所述第一类壤土基质混合物中各组分配比为土壤58％、泥炭11％、 固化剂1.5％、有机肥7％、秸秆纤维14％、微量元素0.1％、稀释肥1.3％、保水剂2.1％、类壤土基质剂5％；第二类壤土基质混合物中各组分配比为土壤62％、泥炭10％、矿物质7％、固化剂2％、秸秆纤维10％、微量元素0.1％、稀释肥1.3％、保水剂1.6％、类壤土基质剂5％、植物种子1％。
所述第一类壤土基质混合物的厚度为7-8cm。
所述第二类壤土基质混合物中的植物种子为草本植物、沙生灌木植物或固氮植物。
所述水管与蓄水池或灌溉***连接。
所述补种在喷播结束后的5-15天的时间里进行，补种前48-72小时对植物种子进行浸种催芽。
实施例2
一种利用类壤土基质喷播技术进行沙地治理的方法，包括如下步骤：
首先进行简单的固沙处理，在沙地铺设一层金属网，金属网通过固沙桩固定与沙地表面。
其次通过类壤土基质喷播方式，对沙地进行种子喷播，包括
A.分别将类壤土基质剂与部分基材按比例搅拌均匀，形成第一类壤土基质混合物，用喷射泵将第一类壤土基质混合物送至喷射管口；在喷射管口加入水与第一类壤土基质混合物混合后喷射到金属网上，用水量控制在使喷射在沙地金属网上的第一类壤土基质混合物粘稠稳定而不致四处流淌；
B.第一次喷射的第一类壤土基质混合物达到一定的厚度后，在第一类壤土基质混合物表面平行间隔地铺设若干水管；所述水管上设有过水孔；
C.分别将类壤土基质剂、部分基材和植物种子按比例搅拌均匀，形成第二类壤土基质混合物，用喷射泵将第二类壤土基质混合物送至喷射管口，进行二次喷射；所述种子进行过催芽处理；
D.在沙地上最终喷射两次的类壤土基质混合物平均厚度为12-16cm时，结束喷射。
最后喷播完成后，需进行养护管理工作，包括金属网周围增加防护板、覆盖无纺布、浇水、施肥、补种和后期监测。
所述第一类壤土基质混合物中各组分配比为土壤58％、泥炭11％、固化剂1.5％、有机肥7％、秸秆纤维14％、微量元素0.1％、稀释肥1.3％、保水剂2.1％、类壤土基质剂5％；第二类壤土基质混合物中各组分配比为土壤62％、泥炭10％、矿物质7％、固化剂2％、秸秆纤维10％、微量元素0.1％、稀释肥1.3％、保水剂1.6％、类壤土基质剂5％、植物种子1％；所述固化剂为环保类胶黏剂；所述有机肥为腐熟的鸡粪，含水量≤20wt％；所述秸秆纤维为稻草纤维；所述微量元素中的CaO≥20wt％，MgO≥5wt％，P 2O 5≥4wt％；所述稀释肥中的氧化钾含量≥14wt％，所述稀释肥的总氮含量为20％；所述保水剂为天然高分子改性类高吸水树脂；所述类壤土基质剂的制备原料包括土壤调理剂、麦饭石和活性炭；所述矿物质中的SiO 2≥26wt％，纯硼含量≥20wt％，硅锌矿≥25wt％。
所述第一类壤土基质混合物的厚度为7-8cm。
所述第二类壤土基质混合物中的植物种子为草本植物、沙生灌木植物或固氮植物。
所述水管与蓄水池或灌溉***连接。
所述补种在喷播结束后的5-15天的时间里进行，补种前48-72小时对植物种子进行浸种催芽。
实施例3
一种利用类壤土基质喷播技术进行沙地治理的方法，包括如下步骤：
首先进行简单的固沙处理，在沙地铺设一层金属网，金属网通过固沙桩固定与沙地表面。
其次通过类壤土基质喷播方式，对沙地进行种子喷播，包括
A.分别将类壤土基质剂与部分基材按比例搅拌均匀，形成第一类壤土基质混合物，用喷射泵将第一类壤土基质混合物送至喷射管口；在喷射管口加入水与第一类壤土基质混合物混合后喷射到金属网上，用水量控制在使喷射在沙地金属网上的第一类壤土基质混合物粘稠稳定而不致四处流淌；
B.第一次喷射的第一类壤土基质混合物达到一定的厚度后，在第一类壤土基质混合物表面平行间隔地铺设若干水管；所述水管上设有过水孔；
C.分别将类壤土基质剂、部分基材和植物种子按比例搅拌均匀，形成第二类壤土基质混合物，用喷射泵将第二类壤土基质混合物送至喷射管口，进行二次喷射；所述种子进行过催芽处理；
D.在沙地上最终喷射两次的类壤土基质混合物平均厚度为12-16cm时，结束喷射。
最后喷播完成后，需进行养护管理工作，包括金属网周围增加防护板、覆盖无纺布、浇水、施肥、补种和后期监测。
所述第一类壤土基质混合物中各组分配比为土壤58％、泥炭11％、固化剂1.5％、有机肥7％、秸秆纤维14％、微量元素0.1％、稀释肥1.3％、保水剂2.1％、类壤土基质剂5％；第二类壤土基质混合物中各组分配比为土壤62％、泥炭10％、矿物质7％、固化剂2％、秸秆纤维10％、微量元素0.1％、稀释肥1.3％、保水剂1.6％、类壤土基质剂5％、植物种子1％；所述固化剂为环保类胶黏剂；所述有机肥为腐熟的鸡粪和猪粪，含水量≤20wt％；所述秸秆纤维为稻草纤维；所述微量元素中的CaO≥20wt％，MgO≥5wt％，P 2O 5≥4wt％；所述稀释肥中的氧化钾含量≥14wt％，所述稀释肥的总氮含量为20％；所述保水剂为天然高分子改性类高吸水树脂和腐植酸；所述类壤土基质剂的制备原料包括土壤调理剂、麦饭石和活性炭；所述矿物质中的SiO 2≥26wt％，纯硼含量≥20wt％，硅锌矿≥25wt％。
所述第一类壤土基质混合物的厚度为4-6cm。
所述第二类壤土基质混合物中的植物种子为草本植物、沙生灌木植物或固氮植物。
所述水管与蓄水池或灌溉***连接。
所述补种在喷播结束后的5-15天的时间里进行，补种前48-72小时对植物种子进行浸种催芽。
实施例4
一种利用类壤土基质喷播技术进行沙地治理的方法，包括如下步骤：
首先进行简单的固沙处理，在沙地铺设一层金属网，金属网通过固沙桩固定与沙地表面。
其次通过类壤土基质喷播方式，对沙地进行种子喷播，包括
A.分别将类壤土基质剂与部分基材按比例搅拌均匀，形成第一类壤 土基质混合物，用喷射泵将第一类壤土基质混合物送至喷射管口；在喷射管口加入水与第一类壤土基质混合物混合后喷射到金属网上，用水量控制在使喷射在沙地金属网上的第一类壤土基质混合物粘稠稳定而不致四处流淌；
B.第一次喷射的第一类壤土基质混合物达到一定的厚度后，在第一类壤土基质混合物表面平行间隔地铺设若干水管；所述水管上设有过水孔；
C.分别将类壤土基质剂、部分基材和植物种子按比例搅拌均匀，形成第二类壤土基质混合物，用喷射泵将第二类壤土基质混合物送至喷射管口，进行二次喷射；所述种子进行过催芽处理；
D.在沙地上最终喷射两次的类壤土基质混合物平均厚度为12-16cm时，结束喷射。
最后喷播完成后，需进行养护管理工作，包括金属网周围增加防护板、覆盖无纺布、浇水、施肥、补种和后期监测。
所述第一类壤土基质混合物中各组分配比为土壤58％、泥炭11％、固化剂1.5％、有机肥7％、秸秆纤维14％、微量元素0.1％、稀释肥1.3％、保水剂2.1％、类壤土基质剂5％；第二类壤土基质混合物中各组分配比为土壤62％、泥炭10％、矿物质7％、固化剂2％、秸秆纤维10％、微量元素0.1％、稀释肥1.3％、保水剂1.6％、类壤土基质剂5％、植物种子1％；所述固化剂为环保类胶黏剂；所述有机肥为腐熟的猪粪，含水量≤20wt％；所述秸秆纤维为砻糠；所述微量元素中的CaO≥20wt％，MgO≥5wt％，P 2O 5≥4wt％；所述稀释肥中的氧化钾含量≥14wt％，所述稀释肥的总氮含量为20％；所述保水剂为腐植酸；所述类壤土基质剂的制备原料包括土壤调理剂、麦饭石和活性炭；所述矿物质中的SiO 2≥26wt％，纯硼含量≥20wt％，硅锌矿≥25wt％。
所述第一类壤土基质混合物的厚度为7-8cm。
所述第二类壤土基质混合物中的植物种子为草本植物、沙生灌木植物或固氮植物。
所述水管与蓄水池或灌溉***连接。
所述补种在喷播结束后的5-15天的时间里进行，补种前48-72小时 对植物种子进行浸种催芽。
实施例5
一种利用类壤土基质喷播技术进行沙地治理的方法，包括如下步骤：
首先进行简单的固沙处理，在沙地铺设一层金属网，金属网通过固沙桩固定与沙地表面。
其次通过类壤土基质喷播方式，对沙地进行种子喷播，包括
A.分别将类壤土基质剂与部分基材按比例搅拌均匀，形成第一类壤土基质混合物，用喷射泵将第一类壤土基质混合物送至喷射管口；在喷射管口加入水与第一类壤土基质混合物混合后喷射到金属网上，用水量控制在使喷射在沙地金属网上的第一类壤土基质混合物粘稠稳定而不致四处流淌；
B.第一次喷射的第一类壤土基质混合物达到一定的厚度后，在第一类壤土基质混合物表面平行间隔地铺设若干水管；所述水管上设有过水孔；
C.分别将类壤土基质剂、部分基材和植物种子按比例搅拌均匀，形成第二类壤土基质混合物，用喷射泵将第二类壤土基质混合物送至喷射管口，进行二次喷射；所述种子进行过催芽处理；
D.在沙地上最终喷射两次的类壤土基质混合物平均厚度为12-16cm时，结束喷射。
最后喷播完成后，需进行养护管理工作，包括金属网周围增加防护板、覆盖无纺布、浇水、施肥、补种和后期监测。
所述第一类壤土基质混合物中各组分配比为土壤58％、泥炭11％、固化剂1.5％、有机肥7％、秸秆纤维14％、微量元素0.1％、稀释肥1.3％、保水剂2.1％、类壤土基质剂5％；第二类壤土基质混合物中各组分配比为土壤62％、泥炭10％、矿物质7％、固化剂2％、秸秆纤维10％、微量元素0.1％、稀释肥1.3％、保水剂1.6％、类壤土基质剂5％、植物种子1％；所述固化剂为环保类胶黏剂；所述有机肥为腐熟的猪粪，含水量≤20wt％；所述秸秆纤维为阔叶树的腐熟木屑；所述微量元素中的CaO≥20wt％，MgO≥5wt％，P 2O 5≥4wt％；所述稀释肥中的氧化钾含量≥14wt％，所述稀释肥的总氮含量为20％；所述保水剂为天然高分子改性类高吸水树脂； 所述类壤土基质剂的制备原料包括土壤调理剂、麦饭石和活性炭；所述矿物质中的SiO 2≥26wt％，纯硼含量≥20wt％，硅锌矿≥25wt％。
所述第一类壤土基质混合物的厚度为4cm。
所述第二类壤土基质混合物中的植物种子为草本植物、沙生灌木植物或固氮植物。
所述水管与蓄水池或灌溉***连接。
所述补种在喷播结束后的5-15天的时间里进行，补种前48-72小时对植物种子进行浸种催芽。
实施例6
一种利用类壤土基质喷播技术进行沙地治理的方法，包括如下步骤：
首先进行简单的固沙处理，在沙地铺设一层金属网，金属网通过固沙桩固定与沙地表面。
其次通过类壤土基质喷播方式，对沙地进行种子喷播，包括
A.分别将类壤土基质剂与部分基材按比例搅拌均匀，形成第一类壤土基质混合物，用喷射泵将第一类壤土基质混合物送至喷射管口；在喷射管口加入水与第一类壤土基质混合物混合后喷射到金属网上，用水量控制在使喷射在沙地金属网上的第一类壤土基质混合物粘稠稳定而不致四处流淌；
B.第一次喷射的第一类壤土基质混合物达到一定的厚度后，在第一类壤土基质混合物表面平行间隔地铺设若干水管；所述水管上设有过水孔；
C.分别将类壤土基质剂、部分基材和植物种子按比例搅拌均匀，形成第二类壤土基质混合物，用喷射泵将第二类壤土基质混合物送至喷射管口，进行二次喷射；所述种子进行过催芽处理；
D.在沙地上最终喷射两次的类壤土基质混合物平均厚度为12-16cm时，结束喷射。
最后喷播完成后，需进行养护管理工作，包括金属网周围增加防护板、覆盖无纺布、浇水、施肥、补种和后期监测。
所述第一类壤土基质混合物中各组分配比为土壤58％、泥炭11％、固化剂1.5％、有机肥7％、秸秆纤维14％、微量元素0.1％、稀释肥1.3％、 保水剂2.1％、类壤土基质剂5％；第二类壤土基质混合物中各组分配比为土壤62％、泥炭10％、矿物质7％、固化剂2％、秸秆纤维10％、微量元素0.1％、稀释肥1.3％、保水剂1.6％、类壤土基质剂5％、植物种子1％；所述固化剂为环保类胶黏剂；所述有机肥为腐熟的鸡粪，含水量≤20wt％；所述秸秆纤维为砻糠；所述微量元素中的CaO≥20wt％，MgO≥5wt％，P 2O 5≥4wt％；所述稀释肥中的氧化钾含量≥14wt％，所述稀释肥的总氮含量为20％；所述保水剂为腐植酸；所述类壤土基质剂的制备原料包括土壤调理剂、麦饭石和活性炭；所述矿物质中的SiO 2≥26wt％，纯硼含量≥20wt％，硅锌矿≥25wt％。
所述第一类壤土基质混合物的厚度为5cm。
所述第二类壤土基质混合物中的植物种子为草本植物、沙生灌木植物或固氮植物。
所述水管与蓄水池或灌溉***连接。
所述补种在喷播结束后的5-15天的时间里进行，补种前48-72小时对植物种子进行浸种催芽。
实施例7
一种利用类壤土基质喷播技术进行沙地治理的方法，包括如下步骤：
首先进行简单的固沙处理，在沙地铺设一层金属网，金属网通过固沙桩固定与沙地表面。
其次通过类壤土基质喷播方式，对沙地进行种子喷播，包括
A.分别将类壤土基质剂与部分基材按比例搅拌均匀，形成第一类壤土基质混合物，用喷射泵将第一类壤土基质混合物送至喷射管口；在喷射管口加入水与第一类壤土基质混合物混合后喷射到金属网上，用水量控制在使喷射在沙地金属网上的第一类壤土基质混合物粘稠稳定而不致四处流淌；
B.第一次喷射的第一类壤土基质混合物达到一定的厚度后，在第一类壤土基质混合物表面平行间隔地铺设若干水管；所述水管上设有过水孔；
C.分别将类壤土基质剂、部分基材和植物种子按比例搅拌均匀，形成第二类壤土基质混合物，用喷射泵将第二类壤土基质混合物送至喷射管 口，进行二次喷射；所述种子进行过催芽处理；
D.在沙地上最终喷射两次的类壤土基质混合物平均厚度为12-16cm时，结束喷射。
最后喷播完成后，需进行养护管理工作，包括金属网周围增加防护板、覆盖无纺布、浇水、施肥、补种和后期监测。
所述第一类壤土基质混合物中各组分配比为土壤58％、泥炭11％、固化剂1.5％、有机肥7％、秸秆纤维14％、微量元素0.1％、稀释肥1.3％、保水剂2.1％、类壤土基质剂5％；第二类壤土基质混合物中各组分配比为土壤62％、泥炭10％、矿物质7％、固化剂2％、秸秆纤维10％、微量元素0.1％、稀释肥1.3％、保水剂1.6％、类壤土基质剂5％、植物种子1％；所述固化剂为环保类胶黏剂；所述有机肥为猪粪，含水量≤20wt％；所述秸秆纤维为稻草纤维；所述微量元素中的CaO≥20wt％，MgO≥5wt％，P 2O 5≥4wt％；所述稀释肥中的氧化钾含量≥14wt％，所述稀释肥的总氮含量为20％；所述保水剂为天然高分子改性类高吸水树脂；所述类壤土基质剂的制备原料包括土壤调理剂、麦饭石和活性炭；所述矿物质中的SiO 2≥26wt％，纯硼含量≥20wt％，硅锌矿≥25wt％。
所述第一类壤土基质混合物的厚度为6cm。
所述第二类壤土基质混合物中的植物种子为草本植物、沙生灌木植物或固氮植物。
所述水管与蓄水池或灌溉***连接。
所述补种在喷播结束后的5-15天的时间里进行，补种前48-72小时对植物种子进行浸种催芽。
试验例
测定实施例1～7种子的发芽率，发芽率均可达到98％以上。
本发明采用两层喷播的方式进行播种，通过仿生快速模拟出自然界中适合植物生长的类壤土基质，该基质层在强光、强蒸腾作用以及强风作用下，通过表面张力作用可减小基质表面裂隙，最大限度减少水分流失；在夜间，空气湿度在20％及以上的情况下，基质表层可吸取空气湿度，并储存在底层基质层下部沙壤土中，植被上的露水同样可储存在基质中，其 良好的保水性能有利于提高种子发芽率，发芽率可达98％以上。说明采用本发明提供的沙地治理方法有助于根系发育、微生物活动及养分转化，促进植物生长发育；投入少，见效快，适合大规模的防沙治理。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出：对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围

Claims (6)

  1. 一种利用类壤土基质喷播技术进行沙地治理的方法，其特征在于：包括如下步骤，首先进行简单的固沙处理，在沙地铺设一层金属网，金属网通过固沙桩固定于沙地表面；其次通过类壤土基质喷播方式，对沙地进行种子喷播，包括：
    A.分别将类壤土基质剂与部分基材按比例搅拌均匀，形成第一类壤土基质混合物，用喷射泵将第一类壤土基质混合物送至喷射管口；在喷射管口加入水与第一类壤土基质混合物混合后喷射到金属网上，用水量控制在使喷射在沙地金属网上的第一类壤土基质混合物粘稠稳定而不致四处流淌；
    B.第一次喷射的第一类壤土基质混合物达到一定的厚度后，在第一类壤土基质混合物表面平行间隔地铺设若干水管；所述水管上设有过水孔；
    C.分别将类壤土基质剂、部分基材和植物种子按比例搅拌均匀，形成第二类壤土基质混合物，用喷射泵将第二类壤土基质混合物送至喷射管口，进行二次喷射；所述种子进行过催芽处理；
    D.在沙地上最终喷射两次的类壤土基质混合物平均厚度为12-16cm时，结束喷射；
    最后喷播完成后，需进行养护管理工作，包括金属网周围增加防护板、覆盖无纺布、浇水、施肥、补种和后期监测。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的利用类壤土基质喷播技术进行沙地治理的方法，其特征在于：所述第一类壤土基质混合物中各组分配比为土壤58％、泥炭11％、固化剂1.5％、有机肥7％、秸秆纤维14％、微量元素0.1％、稀释肥1.3％、保水剂2.1％、类壤土基质剂5％；第二类壤土基质混合物中各组分配比为土壤62％、泥炭10％、矿物质7％、固化剂2％、秸秆纤维10％、微量元素0.1％、稀释肥1.3％、保水剂1.6％、类壤土基质剂5％、植物种子1％。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的利用类壤土基质喷播技术进行沙地治理的方法，其特征在于：所述第一类壤土基质混合物的厚度为7-8cm。
  4. 根据权利要求1或2所述的利用类壤土基质喷播技术进行沙地治理的方法，其特征在于：所述第二类壤土基质混合物中的植物种子为草本植物、沙生灌木植物或固氮植物。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的利用类壤土基质喷播技术进行沙地治理的方法，其特征在于：所述水管与蓄水池或灌溉***连接。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的利用类壤土基质喷播技术进行沙地治理的方法，其特征在于：所述补种在喷播结束后的5-15天的时间里进行，补种前48-72小时对植物种子进行浸种催芽。
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