WO2020027709A1 - Arrangement and method for warming of blades/wings at wind power plants and similar devices - Google Patents

Arrangement and method for warming of blades/wings at wind power plants and similar devices Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020027709A1
WO2020027709A1 PCT/SE2019/000011 SE2019000011W WO2020027709A1 WO 2020027709 A1 WO2020027709 A1 WO 2020027709A1 SE 2019000011 W SE2019000011 W SE 2019000011W WO 2020027709 A1 WO2020027709 A1 WO 2020027709A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
blade
heating
heating device
lightning conductor
blades
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/SE2019/000011
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Kjell Lindskog
Original Assignee
Kjell Lindskog
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Kjell Lindskog filed Critical Kjell Lindskog
Publication of WO2020027709A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020027709A1/en

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D80/00—Details, components or accessories not provided for in groups F03D1/00 - F03D17/00
    • F03D80/40—Ice detection; De-icing means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
    • H05B3/34—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater flexible, e.g. heating nets or webs
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D80/00—Details, components or accessories not provided for in groups F03D1/00 - F03D17/00
    • F03D80/30—Lightning protection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2214/00—Aspects relating to resistive heating, induction heating and heating using microwaves, covered by groups H05B3/00, H05B6/00
    • H05B2214/02—Heaters specially designed for de-icing or protection against icing
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for heating blades/wings according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the invention also relates to a method and to a use.
  • the invention provides a very advantageous alternative for preventing the formation of ice on blades/wings without the need for interruption of operation.
  • the invention can easily be applied both to brand new blades and blades that are already in use. Preventive blade heating to prevent incipient formation of ice is made possible. Further, the indication of the presence of ice is made possible.
  • the invention also provides effective handling of lighting strokes. The invention has many technical and economic advantages.
  • Figure 1 schematically shows a rotor blade in cross-section prior to the application of a device according to the invention
  • Figure 2 is a schematic top view of a manufacturing step of a device according to the invention
  • Figure 3 is a schematic top view of a subsequent manufacturing step of the device
  • Figure 4 shows, in a schematic cross-section, a blade in which the device according to the invention is applied to a surface section.
  • the rotor blade 50 shown in Figure 1 has a stagnation point/stagnation line 51 , of which the approximate position is revealed in the figure. It should be mentioned that the position of the stagnation point is dependent of both the shape and the size of the blade. The peripheral speed can also have an impact. On opposite sides of the stagnation point 51 , the blade 50 has a high-side 52 and a low-side 53, respectively.
  • Lightning strikes/flashes is a problem which regretfully occurs, and the device according to the invention offers very good protection against this abovementioned problem.
  • Figure 2 schematically shows, in a view from above, a first manufacturing step of an exterior part (top plate) 110 of the device 10Oaccording to the invention.
  • a custom fit epoxy plate 1 10 or the like that is cured and bendable is used.
  • the plate 1 10 may be translucent, which is sometimes advantageous.
  • two lightning conductor elements 1 1 1 are applied, preferably with use of an epoxy adhesive or an equivalent, and optionally it may also include a reinforcement in the form of epoxy strips (not shown).
  • the lightning conductor elements 1 1 1 are normally made of relatively thin steel strips but other electrically conductive materials can be used if required.
  • the lightning conductor elements 11 1 preferably have a number of nibs 113 arranged to function as interceptors of lightnings in the occurrence of lightning strikes. It should be mentioned that the lightning conductor elements 1 1 1 may also have a number of openings (not shown) for epoxy meshing or engagement in order to further strengthen the
  • the two lightning conductor elements 1 1 1 extend across the plate 1 10 in each of the end portions as is shown in Figure 2 and the lightning conductor elements have a projecting end portion 1 14 on one side thereof, which end portion 1 14 is connected to an adjacent lightning conductor element at the application of further devices 100 on the blades.
  • the connection of the lightning conductor elements may for example be achieved by screwing and the use of electric conductive glue.
  • FIG 3 illustrates the principal construction of the device 100 according to the invention in a view from above, wherein an uncured and preferably armed epoxy mat 120 or the like is arranged at the bottom.
  • an uncured and preferably armed epoxy mat 120 or the like is arranged at the bottom.
  • two heating mats 130a, 130b that for example may be formed of knitted or crocheted loops of metal, e.g. insulated copper wire, wherein a required number of parallel wires or strips preferably are arranged in dependence of demands of performance and/or reliability in operation etc.
  • the heating mats 130a, 130b that are schematically shown in Figure 3 include knitted loops placed in a pattern that of course may be varied in dependence of needs or desires and may be different from each other.
  • the exterior plate 110 is located on top of the heating mats 130a, 130b, in accordance with Figure 2, with the lightning conductor elements 111 are arranged facing outwards.
  • the schematically shown device 100 according to the invention is compressed to a coherent unit under the application of a certain heating without the occurrence of curing, which results in that the device 100 becomes self-coherent and exhibits bendability for adaptation to an existing blade shape.
  • the above-described use of two separate heating mats 130a, 130b makes it easier to regulate different heating needs on the high-side and low-side of the blade.
  • the mesh size of the knitting or crocheting may be easily adjusted so that a greater heat generation may be achieved at the stagnation line of the blade 51 than at other parts of the heating mat. It will be appreciated that the invention allows for that the mesh size or heating ability of the knitting or crocheting may be adapted to local heat demand regions.
  • the inventive device 100 it is, if deemed suitable, possible to complement it with epoxy films and/or epoxy wadding.
  • the design of the heating mat may of course be varied based on specific needs and may, for example, be knit or crocheted in a flat unit that covers an intended surface, whereby the mesh size is reduced in regions where an increased heating is desired, etc.
  • Figure 4 shows an inventive device 100 mounted on a portion of a blade 50 for a wind power plant.
  • the device 100 which in this case is made in two parts 100a, 100b, is folded into abutment against the blade 50 as shown in the figure.
  • the split line 140 is normally positioned in the front of the blade 50 as shown in Figure 4,
  • the correct positioning of the devices 100a, 100b and proper contact to the blade 50 may be optimized by, for example, a mechanical clamping device, a vacuum bag or the like.
  • the clamping device shall remain in a clamped position during the subsequent curing process, after which the clamping device is removed.
  • coupling points of the heating mats 130a, 130b are connected to a wire arrangement (not shown) that enables separate control and individual heat control of each heating mat.
  • the anchoring of the device 100 to the blade is achieved by means of heating of the heating mats 130a, 130b by pulses of current with simultaneous temperature monitoring, which is also achieved by means of pulses of current to the heating mats. It is sometimes appropriate to enhance the curing process by temporarily applying a heat generating means at the end portions of the device, which are provided with lightning conductor elements.
  • Rotor blades in use may easily be provided with a required number of devices according to the invention for prevention and obstruction of the formation of ice.
  • the devices are custom sized to fit the blade configuration and dimensions of different parts thereof, whereby a continuous lightning conductivity may be achieved by a certain tilting of the lightning conductor elements.
  • each heating mat may be adapted to current conditions by using a relatively large number of devices in accordance with the invention, which inter alia procures energy savings. Further, a compensation for imbalance is made possible. It should also be mentioned that the detailed structure of the heating mat may be widely varied within the scope of the invention, wherein a heat generation based on need may be achieved in different parts of the mat.
  • the maximum de-icing temperature is dependent on the design and shape of the blade.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a device for de-icing blades/wings of wind power plants and the like. The device (100) comprises at least one electrical a heating device (130) arranged to act on the exterior of the blade (50). The device (100) comprises a base mat (120) on top of which at least one heating device (130) is positioned, and a bendable top plate (110) is positioned on top of the heating device. The device (100) comprises at least one lightning conductor element (111) positioned on top of the top plate (110).

Description

ARRANGEMENT AND METHOD FOR WARMING OF BLADES/WINGS AT WIND POWER
PLANTS AND SIMILAR DEVICES
TECHNICAL FIELD
The invention relates to a device for heating blades/wings according to the preamble of claim 1. The invention also relates to a method and to a use.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
It is a technical problem to, when needed, monitor and/or prevent the formation of ice on blades/wings of wind power plants or wind turbines that are exposed to weather conditions in which a risk for icing is apparent. The coping of lightning strokes in a secure manner is also a great problem. Further, it is complicated to achieve a reliable mounting of a complete device.
OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION
It is an object of the present invention to provide a device that is easy to mount on the blade/wing and that in addition includes an efficient lightning conductor and provides good possibilities of control of inter alia heating temperatures in different parts of the device. These objects are achieved by means of the features represented in the claims.
In this context it should be noted that the present invention is based on certain basic principles described in WO 2015/105439 A1 , to which reference is made for background information and increased understanding.
ADVANTAGES OF THE INVENTION
The invention provides a very advantageous alternative for preventing the formation of ice on blades/wings without the need for interruption of operation. The invention can easily be applied both to brand new blades and blades that are already in use. Preventive blade heating to prevent incipient formation of ice is made possible. Further, the indication of the presence of ice is made possible. The invention also provides effective handling of lighting strokes. The invention has many technical and economic advantages.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Embodiments of the invention will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, of which:
Figure 1 schematically shows a rotor blade in cross-section prior to the application of a device according to the invention, Figure 2 is a schematic top view of a manufacturing step of a device according to the invention,
Figure 3 is a schematic top view of a subsequent manufacturing step of the device
according to the invention,
Figure 4 shows, in a schematic cross-section, a blade in which the device according to the invention is applied to a surface section.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE SHOWN EMBODIMENT
The rotor blade 50 shown in Figure 1 has a stagnation point/stagnation line 51 , of which the approximate position is revealed in the figure. It should be mentioned that the position of the stagnation point is dependent of both the shape and the size of the blade. The peripheral speed can also have an impact. On opposite sides of the stagnation point 51 , the blade 50 has a high-side 52 and a low-side 53, respectively.
Lightning strikes/flashes is a problem which regretfully occurs, and the device according to the invention offers very good protection against this abovementioned problem.
Figure 2 schematically shows, in a view from above, a first manufacturing step of an exterior part (top plate) 110 of the device 10Oaccording to the invention. A custom fit epoxy plate 1 10 or the like that is cured and bendable is used. The plate 1 10 may be translucent, which is sometimes advantageous.
On what is to be the outer face of the exterior plate 1 10, two lightning conductor elements 1 1 1 are applied, preferably with use of an epoxy adhesive or an equivalent, and optionally it may also include a reinforcement in the form of epoxy strips (not shown). The lightning conductor elements 1 1 1 are normally made of relatively thin steel strips but other electrically conductive materials can be used if required.
The lightning conductor elements 11 1 preferably have a number of nibs 113 arranged to function as interceptors of lightnings in the occurrence of lightning strikes. It should be mentioned that the lightning conductor elements 1 1 1 may also have a number of openings (not shown) for epoxy meshing or engagement in order to further strengthen the
engagement.
The two lightning conductor elements 1 1 1 extend across the plate 1 10 in each of the end portions as is shown in Figure 2 and the lightning conductor elements have a projecting end portion 1 14 on one side thereof, which end portion 1 14 is connected to an adjacent lightning conductor element at the application of further devices 100 on the blades. The connection of the lightning conductor elements may for example be achieved by screwing and the use of electric conductive glue. Thereby, the forming of two continuous lightning conductor elements that are interconnectable to an existing lightning conductor system of e.g. an appropriate wind power plant is successively assured. A great advantage of the lightning conductor elements according to the invention is that they do not have a negative effect on the airflow over the blade.
Figure 3 illustrates the principal construction of the device 100 according to the invention in a view from above, wherein an uncured and preferably armed epoxy mat 120 or the like is arranged at the bottom. Above the epoxy mat 120, in the shown embodiment, two heating mats 130a, 130b that for example may be formed of knitted or crocheted loops of metal, e.g. insulated copper wire, wherein a required number of parallel wires or strips preferably are arranged in dependence of demands of performance and/or reliability in operation etc. The heating mats 130a, 130b that are schematically shown in Figure 3 include knitted loops placed in a pattern that of course may be varied in dependence of needs or desires and may be different from each other. The exterior plate 110 is located on top of the heating mats 130a, 130b, in accordance with Figure 2, with the lightning conductor elements 111 are arranged facing outwards.
The schematically shown device 100 according to the invention is compressed to a coherent unit under the application of a certain heating without the occurrence of curing, which results in that the device 100 becomes self-coherent and exhibits bendability for adaptation to an existing blade shape.
Often, in the production process, it is advantageous to divide the device 100 into two separate parts 100a, 100b, by means of a split line 140 as illustrated in Figures 2 and 3. The heating mats 130a, 130b, as described above, are naturally positioned and sized so that they are not affected by said division.
The above-described use of two separate heating mats 130a, 130b makes it easier to regulate different heating needs on the high-side and low-side of the blade. The mesh size of the knitting or crocheting may be easily adjusted so that a greater heat generation may be achieved at the stagnation line of the blade 51 than at other parts of the heating mat. It will be appreciated that the invention allows for that the mesh size or heating ability of the knitting or crocheting may be adapted to local heat demand regions.
It should be mentioned that in the manufacturing of the inventive device 100 it is, if deemed suitable, possible to complement it with epoxy films and/or epoxy wadding. The design of the heating mat may of course be varied based on specific needs and may, for example, be knit or crocheted in a flat unit that covers an intended surface, whereby the mesh size is reduced in regions where an increased heating is desired, etc.
Figure 4 shows an inventive device 100 mounted on a portion of a blade 50 for a wind power plant.
The device 100, which in this case is made in two parts 100a, 100b, is folded into abutment against the blade 50 as shown in the figure. In a two-part embodiment, the split line 140 is normally positioned in the front of the blade 50 as shown in Figure 4, The devices 100a,
100b adhere to the surface of the blade 50 due to the adhesive ability of the epoxy mat 120. The correct positioning of the devices 100a, 100b and proper contact to the blade 50 may be optimized by, for example, a mechanical clamping device, a vacuum bag or the like. The clamping device shall remain in a clamped position during the subsequent curing process, after which the clamping device is removed. Prior to the curing, coupling points of the heating mats 130a, 130b are connected to a wire arrangement (not shown) that enables separate control and individual heat control of each heating mat.
The anchoring of the device 100 to the blade is achieved by means of heating of the heating mats 130a, 130b by pulses of current with simultaneous temperature monitoring, which is also achieved by means of pulses of current to the heating mats. It is sometimes appropriate to enhance the curing process by temporarily applying a heat generating means at the end portions of the device, which are provided with lightning conductor elements.
Sometimes, prior to the curing operations, there may exist a specific need to refine joints between devices according to the invention by means of, for example, epoxy.
Rotor blades in use, e.g. in a wind power plant, may easily be provided with a required number of devices according to the invention for prevention and obstruction of the formation of ice. The devices are custom sized to fit the blade configuration and dimensions of different parts thereof, whereby a continuous lightning conductivity may be achieved by a certain tilting of the lightning conductor elements.
As each heating mat is provided with a separate electrical connection, great possibilities with respect to the regulation of heat quantity to current conditions are presented.
For blades of great length, the heat generation of each heating mat may be adapted to current conditions by using a relatively large number of devices in accordance with the invention, which inter alia procures energy savings. Further, a compensation for imbalance is made possible. It should also be mentioned that the detailed structure of the heating mat may be widely varied within the scope of the invention, wherein a heat generation based on need may be achieved in different parts of the mat.
It should be mentioned that the maximum de-icing temperature is dependent on the design and shape of the blade.
The invention is hence not limited to what is shown or the described above, instead alterations and modifications thereof are possible within the scope of the following claims.

Claims

1. Device for de-icing of blades/wings of wind power plants and similar devices, characterized in that the device (100) comprises at least one electric heating device (130) arranged to act on the exterior of the blade (50).
2. Device according to claim 1 , characterized in that the device (100) comprises a base mat (120) upon which at least one heating device (130) is positioned, and that a bendable top plate (110) is positioned on top of the heating device.
3. Device according to claim 2, characterized in that the device (100) comprises at least one lightning conductor element (111 ) that is positioned on top of the top plate (110).
4. Device according to claim 3, characterized in that the base mat (120), the
heating device (130) and the top plate (1 10) with an applied lightning conductor element are heated under compression to form a coherent and bendable unit.
5. Device according to any of claims 1-4, characterized in that the heating device (130) comprises at least one lacquered tread or at least one lacquered strip arranged in size-varying loops to meet varying heating requirements in different sections of the heating device.
6. A method of mounting a device according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized by shaping the device (100) to abutment against the outer contour of the blade (50) during simultaneous adhesion, and, if necessary, improving the abutment of the device against the blade with a clamping device, whereby adhesive curing of the device to the blade is achieved by means of pulses of current in the heating device.
7. Method according to claim 6, characterized by controlling and regulating the process of the curing in dependence of pulses of current in the heating device.
8. Method according to claim 6 or 7, characterized by, temporarily when needed, at end portions of the device which are provided with lightning conductor elements, using an external heat source for complementary curing.
9. Use of a device according to any of the precedent claims, characterized in that the device (100) is used where needs for de-icing exist.
PCT/SE2019/000011 2018-08-03 2019-08-01 Arrangement and method for warming of blades/wings at wind power plants and similar devices WO2020027709A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE1800150-3 2018-08-03
SE1800150 2018-08-03

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2020027709A1 true WO2020027709A1 (en) 2020-02-06

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2023280838A1 (en) * 2021-07-06 2023-01-12 Lm Wind Power A/S Wind turbine blade having an electro-thermal system

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19626008A1 (en) * 1995-08-01 1997-02-06 Guenter Dr Marci Discontinuously hardening surface of steel or cast iron component - using localised pulsed electric energy to heat individual zones
US6145787A (en) * 1997-05-20 2000-11-14 Thermion Systems International Device and method for heating and deicing wind energy turbine blades
US6612810B1 (en) * 1999-06-21 2003-09-02 Lm Glasfiber A/S Wind turbine blade with a system for deicing and lightning protection
US20080181775A1 (en) * 2007-01-29 2008-07-31 General Electric Company Integrated leading edge for wind turbine blade
US20110290784A1 (en) * 2008-10-14 2011-12-01 Airbus Operations Sas Heating system having at least one electrothermal heating layer, a structural component having such a heating layer, a heating method and a method for producing a semi-finished component or a component having a heating device
WO2015105439A1 (en) * 2014-01-13 2015-07-16 Kjell Lindskog Method and arrangement for manufacture of a product or completion of a product

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19626008A1 (en) * 1995-08-01 1997-02-06 Guenter Dr Marci Discontinuously hardening surface of steel or cast iron component - using localised pulsed electric energy to heat individual zones
US6145787A (en) * 1997-05-20 2000-11-14 Thermion Systems International Device and method for heating and deicing wind energy turbine blades
US6612810B1 (en) * 1999-06-21 2003-09-02 Lm Glasfiber A/S Wind turbine blade with a system for deicing and lightning protection
US20080181775A1 (en) * 2007-01-29 2008-07-31 General Electric Company Integrated leading edge for wind turbine blade
US20110290784A1 (en) * 2008-10-14 2011-12-01 Airbus Operations Sas Heating system having at least one electrothermal heating layer, a structural component having such a heating layer, a heating method and a method for producing a semi-finished component or a component having a heating device
WO2015105439A1 (en) * 2014-01-13 2015-07-16 Kjell Lindskog Method and arrangement for manufacture of a product or completion of a product

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2023280838A1 (en) * 2021-07-06 2023-01-12 Lm Wind Power A/S Wind turbine blade having an electro-thermal system

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