WO2020015678A1 - 媒体码率自适应方法、装置、计算机设备及存储介质 - Google Patents

媒体码率自适应方法、装置、计算机设备及存储介质 Download PDF

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WO2020015678A1
WO2020015678A1 PCT/CN2019/096362 CN2019096362W WO2020015678A1 WO 2020015678 A1 WO2020015678 A1 WO 2020015678A1 CN 2019096362 W CN2019096362 W CN 2019096362W WO 2020015678 A1 WO2020015678 A1 WO 2020015678A1
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code rate
bit rate
information
media
target object
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PCT/CN2019/096362
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
周超
钟书城
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北京达佳互联信息技术有限公司
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Publication of WO2020015678A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020015678A1/zh
Priority to US17/070,576 priority Critical patent/US11228794B2/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/20—Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/23—Processing of content or additional data; Elementary server operations; Server middleware
    • H04N21/24—Monitoring of processes or resources, e.g. monitoring of server load, available bandwidth, upstream requests
    • H04N21/2402—Monitoring of the downstream path of the transmission network, e.g. bandwidth available
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/20—Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/25—Management operations performed by the server for facilitating the content distribution or administrating data related to end-users or client devices, e.g. end-user or client device authentication, learning user preferences for recommending movies
    • H04N21/266—Channel or content management, e.g. generation and management of keys and entitlement messages in a conditional access system, merging a VOD unicast channel into a multicast channel
    • H04N21/2662—Controlling the complexity of the video stream, e.g. by scaling the resolution or bitrate of the video stream based on the client capabilities
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F17/00—Digital computing or data processing equipment or methods, specially adapted for specific functions
    • G06F17/10—Complex mathematical operations
    • G06F17/18—Complex mathematical operations for evaluating statistical data, e.g. average values, frequency distributions, probability functions, regression analysis
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L65/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services for supporting real-time applications in data packet communication
    • H04L65/60—Network streaming of media packets
    • H04L65/75—Media network packet handling
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L65/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services for supporting real-time applications in data packet communication
    • H04L65/60—Network streaming of media packets
    • H04L65/75—Media network packet handling
    • H04L65/752—Media network packet handling adapting media to network capabilities
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L65/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services for supporting real-time applications in data packet communication
    • H04L65/80—Responding to QoS
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/20—Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/23—Processing of content or additional data; Elementary server operations; Server middleware
    • H04N21/233—Processing of audio elementary streams
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/20—Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/23—Processing of content or additional data; Elementary server operations; Server middleware
    • H04N21/234—Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing of video streams or manipulating encoded video stream scene graphs
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/20—Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/23—Processing of content or additional data; Elementary server operations; Server middleware
    • H04N21/234—Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing of video streams or manipulating encoded video stream scene graphs
    • H04N21/2343—Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing of video streams or manipulating encoded video stream scene graphs involving reformatting operations of video signals for distribution or compliance with end-user requests or end-user device requirements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/20—Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/23—Processing of content or additional data; Elementary server operations; Server middleware
    • H04N21/235—Processing of additional data, e.g. scrambling of additional data or processing content descriptors
    • H04N21/2353—Processing of additional data, e.g. scrambling of additional data or processing content descriptors specifically adapted to content descriptors, e.g. coding, compressing or processing of metadata
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/20—Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/23—Processing of content or additional data; Elementary server operations; Server middleware
    • H04N21/238—Interfacing the downstream path of the transmission network, e.g. adapting the transmission rate of a video stream to network bandwidth; Processing of multiplex streams
    • H04N21/23805—Controlling the feeding rate to the network, e.g. by controlling the video pump
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/20—Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/23—Processing of content or additional data; Elementary server operations; Server middleware
    • H04N21/239—Interfacing the upstream path of the transmission network, e.g. prioritizing client content requests
    • H04N21/2393—Interfacing the upstream path of the transmission network, e.g. prioritizing client content requests involving handling client requests
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/40—Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/43—Processing of content or additional data, e.g. demultiplexing additional data from a digital video stream; Elementary client operations, e.g. monitoring of home network or synchronising decoder's clock; Client middleware
    • H04N21/442—Monitoring of processes or resources, e.g. detecting the failure of a recording device, monitoring the downstream bandwidth, the number of times a movie has been viewed, the storage space available from the internal hard disk
    • H04N21/44209—Monitoring of downstream path of the transmission network originating from a server, e.g. bandwidth variations of a wireless network
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/40—Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/45—Management operations performed by the client for facilitating the reception of or the interaction with the content or administrating data related to the end-user or to the client device itself, e.g. learning user preferences for recommending movies, resolving scheduling conflicts
    • H04N21/466—Learning process for intelligent management, e.g. learning user preferences for recommending movies
    • H04N21/4667—Processing of monitored end-user data, e.g. trend analysis based on the log file of viewer selections
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/60—Network structure or processes for video distribution between server and client or between remote clients; Control signalling between clients, server and network components; Transmission of management data between server and client, e.g. sending from server to client commands for recording incoming content stream; Communication details between server and client 
    • H04N21/63—Control signaling related to video distribution between client, server and network components; Network processes for video distribution between server and clients or between remote clients, e.g. transmitting basic layer and enhancement layers over different transmission paths, setting up a peer-to-peer communication via Internet between remote STB's; Communication protocols; Addressing
    • H04N21/637—Control signals issued by the client directed to the server or network components
    • H04N21/6377—Control signals issued by the client directed to the server or network components directed to server
    • H04N21/6379—Control signals issued by the client directed to the server or network components directed to server directed to encoder, e.g. for requesting a lower encoding rate

Definitions

  • Embodiments of the present application relate to the field of network technologies, and in particular, to a method, an apparatus, a computer device, and a storage medium for media code rate adaptation.
  • Short videos can facilitate users to record and share life or work.
  • experience such as: quick hands and Instagram.
  • users take short videos (usually 10 seconds in length), then perform some processing (such as adding special effects, magic expressions and / or background music), and then upload them to the media server.
  • processing such as adding special effects, magic expressions and / or background music
  • upload them to the media server.
  • server side after being authenticated and confirmed to be valid, it can be transcoded into multiple bit rates to adapt to continuously changing network conditions and pushed to terminal devices. Thus, other users can watch and share.
  • Embodiments of the present application provide a media code rate adaptive method, device, computer device, and storage medium by flexibly selecting a media code rate according to a user network.
  • a technical solution adopted in the embodiment created by the present application is to provide a media bit rate adaptive method, including the following steps:
  • a code rate characterized by the code rate information is defined as a code rate parameter of a target object.
  • an embodiment of the present application further provides a media bit rate adaptive device, including:
  • a processing module configured to obtain code rate information having a corresponding relationship with the network quality information according to a preset code rate correspondence list
  • a first execution module configured to define a code rate represented by the code rate information as a code rate parameter of a target object.
  • an embodiment of the present application further provides a computer device including a memory and a processor.
  • the memory stores computer-readable instructions.
  • the processor performs the steps of the media bit rate adaptation method described above.
  • an embodiment of the present application further provides a storage medium storing computer-readable instructions.
  • the computer-readable instructions are executed by one or more processors, the one or more processors execute the foregoing media. Steps of bit rate adaptive method.
  • a beneficial effect of the embodiment of the present application is: by obtaining network quality information of a user network, and then selecting bit rate information according to the network quality information, and defining a bit rate represented by the bit rate information as a target object's bit rate parameter, thereby selecting The target object matching the bit rate parameter is downloaded to prevent the target object from being stuck or dropped during the download process, thereby improving the user experience.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic flowchart of a media bit rate adaptive method according to an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic flowchart of obtaining target data of a target object according to an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic flowchart of obtaining address information of a target object according to an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic flowchart of obtaining network quality information of a user network according to an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic flowchart of obtaining bit rate information according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a basic structure of a media bit rate adaptive device according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 7 is a block diagram of a basic structure of a computer device according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 9 is a detailed performance comparison chart of a single user in the embodiment of the present application.
  • Such equipment may include: cellular or other communication equipment, which has a single-line display or a multi-line display or a cellular or other communication device without a multi-line display; a personal communications system (Personal Communications Service, PCS), which can combine voice and data Processing, faxing and / or data communication capabilities; Personal Digital Assistant (PDA), which may include radio frequency receivers, pagers, Internet / Intranet access, web browsers, notepads, calendars and / or global positioning systems (Global Positioning System, GPS) receiver; conventional laptop and / or palmtop computer or other device having and / or conventional laptop and / or palmtop computer or other device including a radio frequency receiver.
  • cellular or other communication equipment which has a single-line display or a multi-line display or a cellular or other communication device without a multi-line display
  • PCS Personal Communications Service
  • PDA Personal Digital Assistant
  • GPS Global Positioning System
  • terminal may be portable, transportable, installed in a vehicle (air, sea, and / or land), or suitable and / or configured to operate locally, and / or Operate in a distributed fashion on any other location on Earth and / or space.
  • the "terminal” and “terminal equipment” used herein can also be communication terminals, Internet terminals, music / video playback terminals, for example, they can be PDA, Mobile Internet Device (MID), and / or have music / video Playback-enabled mobile phones can also be smart TVs, set-top boxes, and other devices.
  • VGG is a deep convolutional neural network developed by Oxford University Computer Vision Group (VisualGeometry Group) and researchers from Google DeepMind. VGG explored the relationship between the depth of the convolutional neural network and its performance. By repeatedly stacking 3 * 3 small convolution kernels and 2 * 2 maximum pooling layers, VGG successfully constructed a convolution with a depth of 16 to 19 layers Neural Networks. VGG is very scalable, and the generalization of migration to other image data is very good. The structure of VGG is very simple. The entire network uses the same size convolution kernel size (3 * 3) and the maximum pooling size (2 * 2). So far, VGG is still often used to extract image features. VGG trained model parameters are open-sourced on its official website and can be used to retrain on specific image classification tasks (equivalent to providing very good initialization weights).
  • a VGG convolutional neural network model is used for deep learning and content understanding.
  • a CNN convolutional neural network model or a branch model of a CNN convolutional neural network model can be used.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic flowchart of a media bit rate adaptive method according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • a media bit rate adaptation method includes the following steps:
  • the network quality information refers to the data transmission rate when the user terminal and the network exchange data. Specifically, the network quality information can be obtained through existing technologies. In the quality test obtained, the purpose of the quality test is to test the network connectivity quality of the user's Internet access line.
  • a user browses a short video (generally a video of 10 seconds) as an example.
  • a short video generally a video of 10 seconds
  • the user terminal downloads the media data of the short video, and decodes and renders the media data to the user for viewing.
  • the user terminal calculates network quality information of the user network according to the size of the short video and the time for downloading the short video.
  • the method of obtaining the network quality information of the user network is not limited to the above-mentioned methods. According to different application scenarios, other methods may be used to obtain the network quality information of the user network.
  • the bit rate correspondence list is a list preset by the system to associate the bit rate information with the network quality information. Specifically, the bit rate information is classified according to different bit rate information and then sorted from low to high in order. After sorting in sequence, the code rate information is associated with the sorted code rate information to form a code rate correspondence list, so that the code rate information corresponding to the network quality information can be obtained according to the code rate correspondence list. Select the bit rate information of the next media data you want to download.
  • S1300 Define a bit rate represented by the bit rate information as a bit rate parameter of a target object.
  • the bit rate refers to the bit rate, and the bit rate refers to the number of bits transmitted per second.
  • the unit is bps (Bit Per Second). The higher the bit rate, the faster the data transmission speed.
  • the bit rate includes the bit rate in the sound and the bit rate in the video. Among them, the bit rate in the sound refers to the amount of binary data in a unit time after converting an analog sound signal into a digital sound signal. It is an indirect measure of audio quality. index.
  • the principle of bit rate (code rate) in video is the same as that in sound, which refers to the amount of binary data per unit time after conversion from analog signals to digital signals.
  • the target object is a video as an example.
  • the bit rate of the target object is a video bit rate, and the video bit rate is the number of data bits transmitted per unit time during data transmission.
  • the target object is the next media data to be downloaded by the user network. Specifically, when the user is listening to a song, the song that the user listens to is not stored in the user terminal and needs to be downloaded. When a song is about to finish playing, it needs to be downloaded. Download the media data of the next song, and the same song will be transcoded to a variety of different bit rates on the server side and stored in the form of independent files. At this time, according to the network quality of the exhausted network, Information and a preset bit rate correspondence list to select bit rate information, and define the bit rate represented by the bit rate information as the bit rate parameter of the next song, so as to download the media data of the song corresponding to the bit rate parameter. In this embodiment, the bit rate parameters of the target object are adjusted according to the network quality of the user network in real time, and there is no stutter phenomenon during download and playback, which improves the user experience.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a specific process for obtaining target data of a target object according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • step S1300 the following steps are further included:
  • Data request is a way for a terminal to make a data transfer request to the server.
  • the data request is an HTTP request.
  • the HTTP request uses the HTTP protocol.
  • the HTTP protocol is also known as the Hypertext Transfer Protocol. Communication.
  • the subsequent data is the requested data and is connected with &.
  • the bit rate parameter is included in the URL, and the media data corresponding to the bit rate parameter can be requested from the server.
  • URL refers to a uniform resource locator.
  • a uniform resource locator is a concise representation of the location and access method of a resource that can be obtained from the Internet. It is the address of a standard resource on the Internet. Every file on the Internet has a unique URL, which contains information indicating the location of the file and how the browser should handle it.
  • the video content is transcoded into multiple different bit rates and stored in the form of independent files.
  • the bit rate decision of the user terminal for downloading a short video is made from the beginning of downloading a new short video.
  • Short videos will not be able to compensate for fluctuations in the user's network like live video or on-demand scenes can have buffered video data, so when When the user network fluctuates, the playback of short videos may freeze.
  • the bit rate information is obtained according to the network quality information of the user network and a preset bit rate correspondence list.
  • the bit rate represented by the bit rate information is The next short video bit rate parameter, and then send a data request containing the bit rate parameter to the server, the server receives the data request and selects the video data corresponding to the bit rate parameter according to the data request, and then the video data Sent to the user terminal, since the bit rate of the video data is determined according to the network quality of the user network, the bit rate of the short video can be maximized on the premise that the user does not freeze when watching the short video, thereby providing users with the A high-quality and smooth video experience.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a specific process for obtaining address information of a target object according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • step S1400 the following steps are further included:
  • S1320 Obtain a media description file corresponding to the media description request fed back by the server.
  • the media description file includes all bit rate versions of the target object and address information corresponding to the bit rate versions.
  • each video is uploaded to the server, it is transcoded into different versions. These different versions are set with corresponding bit rate versions. For example, a video can be transcoded to 5 different bit rates, including: 1500 kbps, 1700 kbps, 2000 kbps, 2500 kbps, and 2700 kbps.
  • the five different code rates correspond to the code rate version, and each code rate version is provided with address information.
  • the address information is converted
  • the coded video is stored in the server-side address information, and the user terminal can request data from the server-side target object corresponding to the code rate based on the address information.
  • the transcoding of media files after being uploaded to the server is not limited to the above five code rates. According to different application scenarios, media files can be transcoded to other code rates after being uploaded to the server.
  • the transcoded videos correspond to the first bit rate version (1500 kbps), the second bit rate version (2000 kbps), and the third bit rate version (2700 kbps).
  • the first version bit rate corresponds to the first bit rate version.
  • An address information, the second version code rate corresponds to the second address information, and the third version code rate corresponds to the third address information.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic flowchart of obtaining network quality information of a user network according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • step S1100 specifically includes the following steps:
  • the preset download object is used to detect the quality of the user network.
  • the preset download object and the target object include at least one of audio and video.
  • the preset download object is the user network being Download and play the short video, and obtain the download duration of the short video that is being downloaded and played.
  • the user uses the user terminal to listen to songs as an example.
  • the preset download object is that the user terminal is playing. Song, where the song is downloaded and played at the same time, the download time of the song downloaded by the user network can be obtained.
  • S1120 Enter a preset download object and download duration into a preset network quality calculation model
  • the network quality information includes the uplink bandwidth information and downlink bandwidth information of the user network.
  • the uplink bandwidth is the uplink rate and the downlink bandwidth is the downlink rate.
  • the uplink rate refers to the data transmission rate when the user computer sends information to the network
  • the downlink rate refers to The transmission rate when the network sends information to the user's computer;
  • the network quality calculation model is a calculation model preset by the system. Specifically, the network quality calculation model is based on the preset download object size divided by the download time to obtain the user network's Network quality information. It should be pointed out that obtaining the network quality information of the user network is not limited to the above-mentioned methods. Depending on the specific application scenario, other methods can also be used to obtain the network quality information of the user network, such as: Download speed. Use this download speed as the network quality information of the user network.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic flowchart of obtaining bit rate information according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • bit rate versions of the same media file After uploading the media file to the server, it is transcoded into different bit rates and stored as separate files. Different bit rate versions of the same media file have corresponding bit rate information and playback stall probability values, and the bit rate information and playback stall probability values of the different bit rate versions of the media file are stored in the corresponding bit rate list.
  • the target object includes three medium bit rate versions, for example, a low bit rate version (1000 kbps), a medium bit rate version (2000 kbps), and a high bit rate version (3000 kbps).
  • the low bit rate version is at the bit rate.
  • the playback stall probability value in the corresponding list is 0.1
  • the mid-bit rate version has a playback stall probability value of 0.3 in the bit rate corresponding list
  • the high bit rate version has a playback stall probability value of 0.9 in the bit rate corresponding list.
  • the low bit rate version and the medium bit rate version meet the selection conditions, and the bit rate of the medium bit rate version is higher than the bit rate of the low bit rate version, so the target of the medium bit rate version is selected. Download it. It can maximize the bit rate of the target object and improve the user experience on the premise of not blocking.
  • ⁇ represents the maximum probability of stuttering that is acceptable when watching short videos, so the video bit rate can be selected by P (q (t) ⁇ 0) ⁇ , P (q (t) ⁇ 0) represents the probability of a stall at time t.
  • SR2A can be expressed as
  • st is an abbreviation for subject to, where v t ij and vi are obtained from the media description file, and L is the total number of available video versions.
  • the viewing behavior of users through big data, for example: 10 million viewing behaviors of 100,000 users, including throughput, idle time, interrupt events, and so on.
  • the bit rate is vbv maxbitrate, and vbv is adopted as the video encoding, and the actual bit rate depends on the video content and may change significantly.
  • 3000 short videos were randomly selected to simulate the viewing habits of 100 users (30 videos per user), with a duration of about 100,000 seconds.
  • SR2A By comparing SR2A with a fixed code rate method (Fixed Rate Approach, FRA, a scheme commonly used for short videos) and a random selection method (Random Rate Selection Approach, RRSA).
  • FRA Fixed Rate Approach
  • RRSA Random Rate Selection Approach
  • FIG. 8 is a performance comparison chart of SR2A, RRSA and FRA
  • FIG. 9 is a detailed performance comparison chart of a single user.
  • FIG. 9 shows the results of specific characteristics of a single user. According to FIG. 9, it can be known that the video quality of SR2A is significantly improved, and there is no interruption of performance loss, which improves the user's QoE.
  • a bit rate parameter for selecting a maximum available target object under current network conditions is included to ensure that a card is sent during the process of playing a media file.
  • the pause probability is lower than a preset stall threshold, which maximizes the bit rate of the target object, improves the smoothness of the playback target object, and improves the user experience.
  • a media bit rate adaptive device includes: an acquisition module 2100, a processing module 2200, and a first execution module 2300.
  • the acquisition module 2100 is configured to acquire network quality information of a user network;
  • the processing module is configured to:
  • the bit rate information having a corresponding relationship with the network quality information is acquired according to a preset bit rate correspondence list;
  • the first execution module is configured to define a bit rate represented by the bit rate information as a bit rate parameter of the target object.
  • the media bit rate adaptive device further includes: a request module and a first receiving module, the request module is used to send a data request including a bit rate parameter to the server; the first receiving module is used to receive the server response data Request and feedback target data corresponding to the target object.
  • the media bit rate adaptive device further includes: a sending module, a second receiving module, and a second executing module.
  • the sending module is configured to send a media description request corresponding to the target object to the server.
  • the media description file includes all bit rate versions of the target object and address information corresponding to the bit rate versions; the second execution module is used to match the bit rate parameters The bit rate version of the address information is added to the data request.
  • the media bit rate adaptive apparatus further includes: the target object includes at least one of audio and video.
  • the media bit rate adaptive apparatus further includes: the network quality information includes: uplink bandwidth information and downlink bandwidth information of the user network.
  • FIG. 7 is a block diagram of a basic structure of a computer device according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the computer device includes a processor, a nonvolatile storage medium, a memory, and a network interface connected through a system bus.
  • the non-volatile storage medium of the computer device stores an operating system, a database, and computer-readable instructions.
  • the database may store control information sequences.
  • the processor may implement a A media bit rate adaptive method.
  • the processor of the computer equipment is used to provide computing and control capabilities to support the operation of the entire computer equipment.
  • the memory of the computer device may store computer-readable instructions. When the computer-readable instructions are executed by the processor, the processor may cause the processor to execute a media code rate adaptive method.
  • the network interface of the computer equipment is used to connect and communicate with the terminal.
  • FIG. 7 is only a block diagram of a part of the structure related to the solution of the present application, and does not constitute a limitation on the computer equipment to which the solution of the present application is applied.
  • the specific computer equipment may be Include more or fewer parts than shown in the figure, or combine certain parts, or have a different arrangement of parts.
  • the processor is configured to perform specific functions of the acquisition module 2100, the processing module 2200, and the first execution module 2300 in FIG. 6, and the memory stores program codes and various types of data required to execute the modules.
  • the network interface is used for data transmission to user terminals or servers.
  • the memory in this embodiment stores program code and data required to execute all the sub-modules in the media bit rate adaptive device, and the server can call the server's program code and data to perform the functions of all the sub-modules.
  • the computer obtains the type information of the insurance product browsed by the user uploaded by the user terminal, and obtains a corresponding information collection list according to the type information of the insurance product.
  • the information collection list calls the collection module and sends the collection module to the user terminal.
  • the user terminal loads the collection module on the information collection page of the insurance product browsed by the user, so as to show the user the information collection entry corresponding to the insurance product browsed by the user, so that the user can fill in and enter the information needed to purchase the insurance product.
  • Information to achieve the purchase function of insurance products Through the above method, it is possible to solve the problem of collecting information of a user on an online insurance product purchased by the user according to the needs of the user, thereby improving the online collection rate of user information and the online sales rate of insurance products.
  • the present application also provides a storage medium storing computer-readable instructions.
  • the computer-readable instructions are executed by one or more processors, the one or more processors execute the media bit rate according to any one of the foregoing embodiments. Steps of the adaptive method.
  • the computer program may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium.
  • the foregoing storage medium may be a non-volatile storage medium such as a magnetic disk, an optical disk, a read-only memory (ROM), or a random access memory (Random Access Memory, RAM).
  • steps in the flowchart of the drawings are sequentially displayed in accordance with the directions of the arrows, these steps are not necessarily performed in the order indicated by the arrows. Unless explicitly stated herein, the execution of these steps is not strictly limited, and they can be performed in other orders. Moreover, at least a part of the steps in the flowchart of the drawing may include multiple sub-steps or multiple stages. These sub-steps or stages are not necessarily performed at the same time, but may be performed at different times. The execution order is also It is not necessarily performed sequentially, but may be performed in turn or alternately with other steps or at least a part of the sub-steps or stages of other steps.

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Abstract

本申请实施例公开了一种媒体码率自适应方法、装置、计算机设备及存储介质，包括下述步骤：获取用户网络的网络质量信息；根据预设的码率对应列表获取与所述网络质量信息具有对应关系的码率信息；将所述码率信息表征的码率定义为目标对象的码率参数。通过获取用户网络的网络质量信息，然后根据该网络质量信息选取码率信息，并将该码率信息表征的码率定义为目标对象的码率参数，从而选取与该码率参数匹配的目标对象进行下载，避免目标对象在下载过程中出现卡顿或者掉帧的情况，提高用户体验。

Description

媒体码率自适应方法、装置、计算机设备及存储介质
本申请要求于2018年07月19日提交中国专利局、申请号为201810796566.8，发明名称为“媒体码率自适应方法、装置、计算机设备及存储介质”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请实施例涉及网络技术领域，尤其是一种媒体码率自适应方法、装置、计算机设备及存储介质。
背景技术
随着科技水平的发展和生活节奏的加快，人们越来越热衷于网络休闲方式，例如：浏览短视频已成为人们最受欢迎的媒介之一，短视频能够方便用户记录和分享生活或者工作中的经历，例如：快手以及instagram等。在这类短视频业务中，用户拍摄短视频(通常10秒长度)，然后进行一些处理(例如：增加特效、魔法表情和/或背景音乐)，再上传到媒体服务器。在服务器一侧，经过认证和确认有效之后，可以被转码成多种比特率，以适应持续变化的网络条件，并推送到终端设备。从而，其他的用户能够观看和分享。
发明人发现，由于短视频是独立的并且下载短视频的码率决策是从下载一个新短视频的起始就决定的，因此，并不会像直播和点播场景中能够有缓存的视频数据从而用来补偿带宽的波动。所以当用户通过用户终端在观看短视频时，由于随着时间变化的网络状况和带宽的限制，观看短视频时可能会遇到卡顿等现象，用户体验较差。
发明内容
本申请实施例提供一种通过根据用户网络灵活选择媒体码率的媒体码率自适应方法、装置、计算机设备及存储介质。
为解决上述技术问题，本申请创造的实施例采用的一个技术方案是：提供一种媒体码率自适应方法，包括下述步骤：
获取用户网络的网络质量信息；
根据预设的码率对应列表获取与所述网络质量信息具有对应关系的码率信息；
将所述码率信息表征的码率定义为目标对象的码率参数。
为解决上述技术问题，本申请实施例还提供一种媒体码率自适应装置，包括：
获取模块，用于获取用户网络的网络质量信息；
处理模块，用于根据预设的码率对应列表获取与所述网络质量信息具有对应关系的码率信息；
第一执行模块，用于将所述码率信息表征的码率定义为目标对象的码率参数。
为解决上述技术问题，本申请实施例还提供一种计算机设备，包括存储器和处理器，所述存储器中存储有计算机可读指令，所述计算机可读指令被所述处理器执行时，使得所述处理器执行上述媒体码率自适应方法的步骤。
为解决上述技术问题，本申请实施例还提供一种存储有计算机可读指令的存储介质，所述计算机可读指令被一个或多个处理器执行时，使得一个或多个处理器执行上述媒体码率自适应方法的步骤。
本申请实施例的有益效果为：通过获取用户网络的网络质量信息，然后根据该网络质量信息选取码率信息，并将该码率信息表征的码率定义为目标对象的码率参数，从而选取与该码率参数匹配的目标对象进行下载，避免目标对象在下载过程中出现卡顿或者掉帧的情况，提高用户体验。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例中的技术方案，下面将对实施例描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本申请的一些实施例，对于本领域技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本申请实施例媒体码率自适应方法的基本流程示意图；
图2为本申请实施例获取目标对象的目标数据的具体流程示意图；
图3为本申请实施例获取目标对象的地址信息的流程示意图；
图4为本申请实施例获取用户网络的网络质量信息的流程示意图；
图5为本申请实施例获取码率信息的流程示意图；
图6为本申请实施例媒体码率自适应装置基本结构示意图；
图7为本申请实施例计算机设备基本结构框图；
图8为本申请实施例SR2A、RRSA和FRA的性能对比图；
图9为本申请实施例单个用户的细节性能对比图。
具体实施方式
为了使本技术领域的人员更好地理解本申请方案，下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述。
在本申请的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图中的描述的一些流程中，包含了按照特定顺序出现的多个操作，但是应该清楚了解，这些操作可以不按照其在本文中出现的顺序来执行或并行执行，操作的序号如101、102等，仅仅是用于区分开各个不同的操作，序号本身不代表任何的执行顺序。另外，这些流程可以包括更多或更少的操作，并且这些操作可以按顺序执行或并行执行。需要说明的是，本文中的“第一”、“第二”等描述，是用于区分不同的消息、设备、模块等，不代表先后顺序，也不限定“第一”和“第二”是不同的类型。
下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。
实施例1
本技术领域技术人员可以理解，这里所使用的“终端”、“终端设备”既包括无线信号接收器的设备，其仅具备无发射能力的无线信号接收器的设备，又包括接收和发射硬件的设备，其具有能够在双向通信链路上，执行双向通信的接收和发射硬件的设备。这种设备可以包括：蜂窝或其他通信设备，其具有单线路显示器或多线路显示器或没有多线路显示器的蜂窝或其他通信设备；个人通信***(Personal Communications Service，PCS)，其可以组合语音、数据处理、传真和/或数据通信能力；个人数字助理(Personal Digital Assistant，PDA)，其可以包括射频接收器、寻呼机、互联网/内联网访问、网络浏览器、记事本、日历和/或全球定位***(Global Positioning System，GPS)接收器；常规膝上型和/或掌上型计算机或其他设备，其具有和/或包括射频接收器的常规膝上型和/或掌上型计算机或其他设备。这里所使用的“终端”、“终端设备”可以是便携式、可运输、安装在交通工具(航空、海运和/或陆地)中的，或者适合于和/或配置为在本地运行，和/或以分布形式，运行在地球和/或空间的任何其他位置运行。这里所使用的“终端”、“终端设备”还可以是通信终端、上网终端、音乐/视频播放终端，例如：可以是PDA、移动互联网设备(Mobile Internet Device，MID)和/或具有音乐/视频播放功能的移动电话，也可以是智能电视、机顶盒等设备。
VGG是牛津大学计算机视觉组(VisualGeometry Group)和GoogleDeepMind公司的研究员一起研发的的深度卷积神经网络。VGG探索了卷积神经网络的深度与其性能之间的关系，通过反复堆叠3*3的小型卷积核和2*2的最大池化层，VGG成功地构筑了16～19层深的卷积神经网络。VGG的拓展性很强，迁移到其他图片数据上的泛化性非常好。VGG的结构非常简洁，整个网络都使用了同样大小的卷积核尺寸(3*3)和最大池化尺寸(2*2)。到目前为止，VGG依然经常被用来提取图像特征。VGG训练后的模型参数在其官方网站上开源了，可用来在特定的图像分类任务上进行再训练(相当于提供了非常好的初始化权重)。
本实施方式中，采用VGG卷积神经网络模型进行深度学习及内容理解。但不局限于此， 在一些选择性实施方式中，能够采用CNN卷积神经网络模型或CNN卷积神经网络模型的分支模型。
具体请参阅图1，图1为本申请实施例媒体码率自适应方法的基本流程示意图。
如图1所示，一种媒体码率自适应方法，包括下述步骤：
S1100、获取用户网络的网络质量信息；
用户使用用户终端连接网络进行浏览时，用户终端会实时与网络进行数据交换，其中网络质量信息是指用户终端与网络进行数据交换时的数据传输速率，具体地，网络质量信息可以通过现有技术中的质量测试获得，质量测试的目的是测试用户上网线路的网络连通性质量。
质量测试是根据标准ICMP协议(RFC792)，从客户端发送测试数据到测试平台并等待回应，测试两者之间的时间延迟和网络丢包情况。网络连通性质量越好，这个延迟值就越小，网络丢包率就越小。
在一个可选实施例中，以用户浏览短视频(一般为10秒的视频)为例，当用户正在浏览一个短视频时，由于短视频不会像直播或者点播场景中能够有缓存的视频数据从而用于补偿网络带宽的波动，所以用户通过用户终端浏览短视频时，用户终端一边下载短视频的媒体数据，一边将媒体数据进行解码和渲染展示给用户观看。用户终端在下载过程中根据短视频的大小和下载该短视频的时间来计算得到用户网络的网络质量信息。当然，需要指出的是，获取用户网络的网络质量信息的方式不限于上述的方式，根据具有应用场景的不同，获取用户网络的网络质量信息还可以采用其它的方式。
S1200、根据预设的码率对应列表获取与网络质量信息具有对应关系的码率信息。
码率对应列表为***预设设置的一个码率信息与网络质量信息关联的列表，具体地，根据不同的码率信息进行分级并依次由低到高进行排序，不同的网络质量也由低到高依次进行排序后与排序后的码率信息对应关联在一起组成码率对应列表，从而可以根据该码率对应列表来获取与网络质量信息具有对应关系的码率信息，能根据用户网络的质量来选取想要进行下载的下一个媒体数据的码率信息。
S1300、将码率信息表征的码率定义为目标对象的码率参数。
码率是指比特率，比特率是指每秒传送的比特(bit)数。单位为bps(Bit Per Second)，比特率越高，传送数据速度越快。比特率包括声音中的比特率和视频中的比特率，其中，声音中的比特率是指将模拟声音信号转换成数字声音信号后，单位时间内的二进制数据量，是间接衡量音频质量的一个指标。视频中的比特率(码率)原理与声音中的相同，都是指由模拟信号转换为数字信号后，单位时间内的二进制数据量。在一个可选实施例中，以目标对象为视频为例，目标对象的码率为视频码率，视频码率就是数据传输时单位时间传送的数据位数。
目标对象是用户网络将要进行下载的下一个媒体数据，具体地，当用户在听歌时，用户所听的歌在用户终端中没有存储需要进行下载，在一首歌将要播放完的时候，需要下载下一首歌的媒体数据，而相同的一首歌在服务器端会被转码为多种不同的码率，并以独立文件的形式进行存储，此时，通过根据用完网络的网络质量信息和预设的码率对应列表来选取码率信息，并将该码率信息表征的码率定义为下一首歌的码率参数，从而下载与该码率参数对应的歌曲的媒体数据。本实施方式实时根据用户网络的网络质量来调整目标对象的码率参数，不会在下载播放的过程中出现卡顿现象，提高用户体验。
在一些实施方式中，在得到目标对象的码率参数之后，需要从服务器端获取与目标对象对应的目标数据。具体的目标数据获取过程请参阅图2，图2为本申请实施例获取目标对象的目标数据的具体流程示意图。
如图2所示，步骤S1300之后还包括下述步骤：
S1400、发送包含码率参数的数据请求至服务器端；
数据请求是一种终端向服务器端进行数据传输请求的方式，以数据请求为HTTP请求为例，HTTP请求使用HTTP协议，HTTP协议又被称为超文本传输协议，用于保证客户机与服务器之间的通信。具体地，数据请求通常包括GET请求和POST请求，其中，GET请求表示从指定的资源请求数据，POST请求表示向指定的资源提交要被处理的数据，GET请求是通过URL直接请求数据，数据信息可以在URL中直接看到，比如https://www.***.com/con？from＝self？_t＝1466609839126，其中，？后的数据就是请求的数据，并且用&连接，具体地，码率参数包含在URL中，即可向服务器请求与该码率参数对应的媒体数据。URL是指统一资源定位符，统一资源定位符是对可以从互联网上得到的资源的位置和访问方法的一种简洁的表示，是互联网上标准资源的地址。互联网上的每个文件都有一个唯一的URL，它包含的信息指出文件的位置以及浏览器应该怎么处理它。
S1500、接收服务器端响应数据请求而反馈的与目标对象对应的目标数据。
目标数据指的目标对象的媒体数据，例如：当目标对象是视频对象时，该目标数据就是视频媒体数据，当目标对象是音频对象时，该目标对象就是音频媒体数据。当服务器端接收到用户终端发送的包含码率参数的数据请求时，会根据该码率参数选取目标对象的目标数据并发送给用户终端。
在一个可选实施例中，以目标对象为短视频为例，在服务器端，视频内容被转码为多种不同的码率，并以独立文件的形式进行存储。用户终端下载短视频的码率决策是从下载一个新的短视频的起始时作出的，短视频并不会像直播或者点播场景中能够有缓存的视频数据来补偿用户网络的波动，所以当用户网络出现波动时，短视频的播放会出现卡顿的现象，此时，根据用户网络的网络质量信息和预设的码率对应列表来获取码率信息，该码率信息表征的码率就是下一个短视频的码率参数，然后发送包含该码率参数的数据请求至服 务器端，服务器端接收该数据请求并根据该数据请求选取与该码率参数对应的视频数据，然后将该视频数据发送给用户终端，由于该视频数据的码率是根据用户网络的网络质量来确定的，所以能在用户观看短视频不发生卡顿的前提下，最大化短视频的码率，从而为用户提供一个视频质量高且流畅不卡顿的观赏体验。
在一些实施方式中，在发送数据请求之前，还需要确定目标对象的地址信息。具体的地址信息获取过程请参阅图3，图3为本申请实施例获取目标对象的地址信息的具体流程示意图。
如图3所示，步骤S1400之前还包括下述步骤：
S1310、发送与目标对象对应的媒体描述请求至服务器端；
在请求目标对象的媒体数据之前，需要获取目标对象的媒体描述文件，媒体描述文件是用于记载目标对象的媒体数据的各种属性的文件，具体地，每个视频被上传到服务器端之后，都被转码为不同的版本，而这些不同版本的相关内容，例如：URL、时长以及瞬时码率等一系列信息均记录在该媒体描述文件中。
S1320、获取服务器端反馈的与媒体描述请求对应的媒体描述文件，媒体描述文件包括目标对象所有的码率版本以及与码率版本对应的地址信息；
每个视频被上传到服务器端之后，都被转码为不同的版本，这些不同的版本分别设置有对应的码率版本，例如：一个视频可以被转码为5个不同的码率，具体包括1500kbps、1700kbps、2000kbps、2500kbps和2700kbps，这5中不同的码率对应是那种码率版本，且每种码率版本对应设置有地址信息，在一个可选实施例中，地址信息为被转码后的视频存储于服务器端的地址信息，用户终端即可根据该地址信息向服务器端请求对应码率的目标对象的数据。需要指出的是，媒体文件被上传至服务器端后进行转码不限于上述的5种码率，根据具有应用场景的不同，媒体文件上传至服务器端后可以被转码成其它码率。
S1330、将与码率参数匹配的码率版本的地址信息添加到数据请求中。
由于同一目标对象的不同码率版本对应设置有不同的地址信息，所以当码率参数与码率版本匹配时，即可获取需要进行下载的目标对象的地址信息，以视频被转码为3个不同的码率为例，被转码后的视频分别对应第一码率版本(1500kbps)、第二码率版本(2000kbps)和第三码率版本(2700kbps)，其中第一版本码率对应第一地址信息，第二版本码率对应第二地址信息，第三版本码率对应第三地址信息，当用户网络的网络质量较低时，用户终端请求第一版本码率的目标对象的视频数据，当用户网络的网络质量处于一个稳定且较好的状态时，用户终端请求第三版本码率的目标对象的视频数据，从而能在保证播放目标对象的媒体数据不发生卡顿的前提下，最大化目标对象的码率，获取高质量的目标对象，提高用户体验。
在一些实施方式中，请参阅图4，图4为本申请实施例获取用户网络的网络质量信息的 具体流程示意图。
如图4所示，步骤S1100具体包括下述步骤：
S1110、获取预设的下载对象的下载时长；
预设的下载对象用于检测用户网络的质量，具体地，预设的下载对象和目标对象包括音频以及视频中的至少一种，以浏览短视频为例，预设的下载对象为用户网络正在进行下载和播放的短视频，获取该正在下载并播放的短视频的下载时长；在另一个可选实施例中，以用户使用用户终端听歌为例，预设的下载对象为用户终端正在播放的歌曲，其中，该歌曲为一边下载一边播放，即可获取用户网络下载该歌曲的下载时长。
S1120、将预设的下载对象和下载时长输入至预设的网络质量计算模型；
S1130、获取网络质量计算模型输出的用户网络的网络质量信息。
网络质量信息包括用户网络的上行带宽信息和下行带宽信息，具体地，上行带宽即上行速率而下行带宽即下行速率，上行速率是指用户电脑向网络发送信息时的数据传输速率，下行速率是指网络向用户电脑发送信息时的传输速率；网络质量计算模型为***预设的一个计算模型，具体地，网络质量计算模型根据预设的下载对象的大小除以该下载时长即可得到用户网络的网络质量信息。需要指出的是，获取用户网络的网络质量信息不限于上述的方式，根据具体应用场景的不同，还可以采用其它方式来获取用户网络的网络质量信息，例如：获取预设时间段内用户网络的下载速度，把该下载速度作为用户网络的网络质量信息。
在一些实施方式中，请参阅图5，图5为本申请实施例获取码率信息的具体流程示意图。
S1210、获取预设的码率对应列表，码率对应列表包括与目标对象各个版本对应的码率信息以及与码率信息对应的播放卡顿概率值；
媒体文件上传至服务器端后被转码成不同的码率，并以独立文件的形式进行存储。同一个媒体文件的不同码率版本具有相应的码率信息和播放卡顿概率值，且该媒体文件的不同码率版本的码率信息和播放卡顿概率值均存储于码率对应列表中。
S1220、将网络质量信息输入至预设的网络卡顿计算模型以计算得到与网络质量信息对应的播放卡顿值；
网络卡顿计算模型用于根据输入的网络质量信息计算处于该网络质量下进行下载并播放不同码率版本的目标对象的播放卡顿值，具体地，以目标对象包括3中码率版本为例，分别为低码率版本(1000kbps)、中码率版本(2000kbps)和高码率版本(3000kbps)，在同一网络质量下，下载并播放该低码率版本的目标对象的播放卡顿值为0.2，下载并播放该中码率版本的目标对象的播放卡顿值为0.4，下载并播放该高码率版本的目标对象的播放卡顿值为0.7，当然，在具体实施时，还可以采用其它的计算方式来计算得到播放卡顿值。
S1230、根据码率对应列表选取播放卡顿概率值小于播放卡顿值的码率信息。
具体地，以目标对象包括3中码率版本为例，分别为低码率版本(1000kbps)、中码率版本(2000kbps)和高码率版本(3000kbps)，其中，低码率版本在码率对应列表中的播放卡顿概率值为0.1，中码率版本在码率对应列表中的播放卡顿概率值为0.3，而高码率版本在码率对应列表中的播放卡顿概率值为0.9，在用户网络的网络质量下，低码率版本和中码率版本具符合选用条件，而中码率版本的码率高于低码率版本的码率，所以选用中码率版本的目标对象进行下载。能在保证不卡顿的前提下，最大化目标对象的码率，提高用户体验。
在一个可选实施例中，本申请媒体码率自适应方法(SR2A)还可以根据用户的观看***均带宽，作为一个采样点，并存储在一个T秒的滑动窗口中。每个带宽的采样点均被量化到一个离散点的集合，表示为(b1,b2,……bn)，对于一个给出的带宽b，被量化为吞吐量bi：
max bi
s.t b＝<bi                                       ①
之后，通过直方图表示吞吐量bi的概率分布，吞吐量bi的概率为pi，因此有∑pi＝1。
在观看视频的过程中，缓冲视频的时长用队列q(t)代表。同时假设一个短视频被编码为L个不同码率V1<V2<……VL。相比于恒定码率编码cbr，视频采用变码率编码VBR，能获得更高的编码效率。因此，视频的实际码率是随时间变化的。对第i短视频的第j码率，第t秒的实际码率被表示为v t ij,其中t＝1,2,……di，di是第i短视频的时长。因此，缓存的视频时长q(t)的公式变为：
q(t)＝Δ+t-∑v t ij/b(t)                               ②
其中，b(t)是基于上述直方图统计的带宽，Δ是在开始播放前缓存的视频时长(典型设置为大约3-5帧)。
由于播放卡顿极大影响了用户的体验，通过ε表示在观看短视频时可以接受的发生卡顿的最大概率，因此视频码率可以通过P(q(t)<0)<ε选择，P(q(t)<0)表示了在时刻t发生卡顿的概率。与公式②结合，得到：
Figure PCTCN2019096362-appb-000001
最终，SR2A可以被表示为
arg maxi
s.t.(3) 1≤i≤L                                   ④
s.t.是subject to的缩写,其中v t ij和vi从媒体描述文件中获得，L是可用的视频版本的总数。
通过大数据采集用户的观看行为，例如：十万个用户的一千万观看行为，包含吞吐量、空闲时间、中断事件等等。基于数据集合，其中，参数被设置为τ＝0.5，T＝80，ε＝0.05，每个视频被转码为3种码率，{1500kbps，2000kbps，2700kbps}。值得指出的是，在编码配置中，码率为vbv maxbitrate，同时vbv被采用作为视频编码，并且实际的码率取决于视频内容和可能严重变化。随机选择了3000个短视频来模拟100个用户的观看习惯(每个用户30个视频)，时长大约十万秒。
通过比较SR2A和固定码率方法(Fixed Rate Approach，FRA，短视频普遍采用的方案)与随机选择方法(Random Rate Selection Approach，RRSA)。对于所有的方法，比较平均的视频码率AVB、中断视频次数(IVC.i.e.，已经在整个视频观看过程中发生过中断的视频总数)、中断时长统计(ITC，在整个视频观看过程中的总中断次数)，以及缓冲时间(BT，缓冲消耗的时长)。
请参阅图8和图9，图8是SR2A、RRSA和FRA的性能对比图，图9是单个用户的细节性能对比图。
如图8所示，图8展示了100个用户的平均性能。通过比较可以发现，在FRA中，当被选择的码率(vbv_maxbitrate)被设置为最大可用速率，例如：i.e.2700，最大平均码率被获得、最高数字的中断视频、和中断次数以及最高的BT，在这种情况下，用户将会体会到严重的中断，从而恶化用户体验质量(Quality of Experience，QoE)。另一方面，当码率被设置为1500kbps(最小的可用码率)，将会得到IVC\ITC以及BT中最佳的性能，但是视频质量(AVB)是最差的，在这种方案下，虽然中断风险最低，但是用户不能得到最佳的观看质量。固定的码率是很难适应随时变化的网络状况，主要原因是，需要有视频质量和播放中断之间一个固定的平衡，甚至随机的方案也能比FRA获得更好的平衡，而本申请媒体码率自适应方法、装置、计算机设备和存储介质能通过动态选择合适的码率来获得媒体质量和播放中断之间的平衡。图8中的结果展示了在IVC\ITC以及BT中性能几乎无损失的情况下，相比FRA vbv_maxbitrate＝1500kbps，SR2A获得了更大的平均视频码率；然而在另一方面，相比于FRA vbv_maxbitrate＝2500kbps，SR2A获得了更大的平均视频码率更低的IVC\ITC以及BT，伴随可接受的平均码率损失，相比FRA\SR2A性能在指标中最佳，并且得到了更高的效能。
如图9所示，图9展示了一些特点单个用户的细节性能的结果，根据图9可知，采用SR2A的视频质量显著改善，并且没有中断性能损耗，改善用户的QoE。
本申请实施例通过获取用户网络的网络质量信息和收集的用户的播放媒体文件的***滑性，提高用户体验。
如图6所示，一种媒体码率自适应装置，包括：获取模块2100、处理模块2200和第一执行模块2300，其中，获取模块2100用于获取用户网络的网络质量信息；处理模块用于根据预设的码率对应列表获取与网络质量信息具有对应关系的码率信息；第一执行模块用于将码率信息表征的码率定义为目标对象的码率参数。
通过获取用户网络的网络质量信息，然后根据该网络质量信息选取码率信息，并将该码率信息表征的码率定义为目标对象的码率参数，从而选取与该码率参数匹配的目标对象进行下载，动态地确定最佳的目标对象的码率，避免目标对象在下载过程中出现卡顿或者掉帧的情况，提高用户体验。
在一些实施方式中，媒体码率自适应装置还包括：请求模块和第一接收模块，请求模块用于发送包含码率参数的数据请求至服务器端；第一接收模块用于接收服务器端响应数据请求而反馈的与目标对象对应的目标数据。
在一些实施方式中，媒体码率自适应装置还包括：发送模块、第二接收模块和第二执行模块，发送模块用于发送与目标对象对应的媒体描述请求至服务器端；第二接收模块用于获取服务器端反馈的与媒体描述请求对应的媒体描述文件，媒体描述文件包括目标对象所有的码率版本以及与码率版本对应的地址信息；第二执行模块用于将与码率参数匹配的码率版本的地址信息添加到数据请求中。
在一些实施方式中，媒体码率自适应装置还包括：第一获取子模块、第一执行子模块和第二获取子模块，第一获取子模块用于获取预设的下载对象的下载时长；第一执行子模块用于将所述预设的下载对象和所述下载时长输入至预设的网络质量计算模型；第二获取子模块用于获取网络质量计算模型输出的用户网络的网络质量信息。
在一些实施方式中，媒体码率自适应装置还包括：第三获取子模块、第三执行子模块和第一处理子模块，第三获取子模块用于获取预设的码率对应列表，码率对应列表包括与目标对象各个版本对应的码率信息以及与码率信息对应的播放卡顿概率值；第三执行子模块用于将网络质量信息输入至预设的网络卡顿计算模型以计算得到与网络质量信息对应的播放卡顿值；第一处理子模块用于根据码率对应列表选取播放卡顿概率值小于播放卡顿值的码率信息。
在一些实施方式中，媒体码率自适应装置还包括：目标对象包括音频以及视频中的至少一种。
在一些实施方式中，媒体码率自适应装置还包括：网络质量信息包括：用户网络的上行带宽信息和下行带宽信息。
为解决上述技术问题，本申请实施例还提供计算机设备。具体请参阅图7，图7为本申请实施例计算机设备基本结构框图。
如图7所示，计算机设备的内部结构示意图。如图7所示，该计算机设备包括通过***总线连接的处理器、非易失性存储介质、存储器和网络接口。其中，该计算机设备的非易失性存储介质存储有操作***、数据库和计算机可读指令，数据库中可存储有控件信息序列，该计算机可读指令被处理器执行时，可使得处理器实现一种媒体码率自适应方法。该计算机设备的处理器用于提供计算和控制能力，支撑整个计算机设备的运行。该计算机设备的存储器中可存储有计算机可读指令，该计算机可读指令被处理器执行时，可使得处理器执行一种媒体码率自适应方法。该计算机设备的网络接口用于与终端连接通信。本领域技术人员可以理解，图7中示出的结构，仅仅是与本申请方案相关的部分结构的框图，并不构成对本申请方案所应用于其上的计算机设备的限定，具体的计算机设备可以包括比图中所示更多或更少的部件，或者组合某些部件，或者具有不同的部件布置。
本实施方式中处理器用于执行图6中获取模块2100、处理模块2200和第一执行模块2300的具体功能，存储器存储有执行上述模块所需的程序代码和各类数据。网络接口用于向用户终端或服务器之间的数据传输。本实施方式中的存储器存储有媒体码率自适应装置中执行所有子模块所需的程序代码及数据，服务器能够调用服务器的程序代码及数据执行所有子模块的功能。
计算机通过获取用户终端上传的用户浏览的保险产品的种类信息，根据该保险产品的种类信息即可获取到对应的信息收集列表，由该信息收集列表调用收集模块并将收集模块发送至用户终端，用户终端接收到该收集模块后在用户浏览的保险产品的信息收集页面加载该收集模块，从而向用户展示与用户浏览的保险产品对应的信息收集录入项，方便用户填写输入购买该保险产品所需要的信息，从而实现保险产品的购买功能。通过上述方法，能够解决人在线上根据用户需要购买的保险产品对用户的信息进行收集，提高了用户信息的线上收集率和保险产品的线上销售率。
本申请还提供一种存储有计算机可读指令的存储介质，所述计算机可读指令被一个或多个处理器执行时，使得一个或多个处理器执行上述任一实施例所述媒体码率自适应方法的步骤。
本领域普通技术人员可以理解实现上述实施例方法中的全部或部分流程，是可以通过计算机程序来指令相关的硬件来完成，该计算机程序可存储于一计算机可读取存储介质中，该程序在执行时，可包括如上述各方法的实施例的流程。其中，前述的存储介质可为磁碟、光盘、只读存储记忆体(Read-Only Memory，ROM)等非易失性存储介质，或随机存储记忆体(Random Access Memory，RAM)等。
应该理解的是，虽然附图的流程图中的各个步骤按照箭头的指示依次显示，但是这些步骤并不是必然按照箭头指示的顺序依次执行。除非本文中有明确的说明，这些步骤的执行并没有严格的顺序限制，其可以以其他的顺序执行。而且，附图的流程图中的至少一部 分步骤可以包括多个子步骤或者多个阶段，这些子步骤或者阶段并不必然是在同一时刻执行完成，而是可以在不同的时刻执行，其执行顺序也不必然是依次进行，而是可以与其他步骤或者其他步骤的子步骤或者阶段的至少一部分轮流或者交替地执行。
以上所述仅是本申请的部分实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本申请原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本申请的保护范围。

Claims (16)

  1. 一种媒体码率自适应方法，包括下述步骤：
    获取用户网络的网络质量信息；
    根据预设的码率对应列表获取与所述网络质量信息具有对应关系的码率信息；
    将所述码率信息表征的码率定义为目标对象的码率参数。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的媒体码率自适应方法，所述将所述码率信息表征的码率定义为目标对象的码率参数的步骤之后，还包括下述步骤：
    发送包含所述码率参数的数据请求至服务器端；
    接收所述服务器端响应所述数据请求而反馈的与所述目标对象对应的目标数据。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的媒体码率自适应方法，所述发送包含所述码率参数的数据请求至服务器端的步骤之前，还具体包括下述步骤：
    发送与所述目标对象对应的媒体描述请求至服务器端；
    获取服务器端反馈的与所述媒体描述请求对应的媒体描述文件，所述媒体描述文件包括目标对象所有的码率版本以及与所述码率版本对应的地址信息；
    将与所述码率参数匹配的所述码率版本的地址信息添加到所述数据请求中。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的媒体码率自适应方法，所述获取用户网络的网络质量信息的步骤，具体包括下述步骤：
    获取预设的下载对象的下载时长；
    将所述预设的下载对象和所述下载时长输入至预设的网络质量计算模型；
    获取所述网络质量计算模型输出的用户网络的网络质量信息。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的媒体码率自适应方法，所述根据预设的码率对应列表获取与所述网络质量信息具有对应关系的码率信息的步骤，具体包括下述步骤：
    获取预设的码率对应列表，所述码率对应列表包括与所述目标对象各个版本对应的码率信息以及与所述码率信息对应的播放卡顿概率值；
    将所述网络质量信息输入至预设的网络卡顿计算模型以计算得到与所述网络质量信息对应的播放卡顿值；
    根据所述码率对应列表选取播放卡顿概率值小于所述播放卡顿值的码率信息。
  6. 根据权利要求1至5任一项所述的媒体码率自适应方法，所述目标对象包括音频以及视频中的至少一种。
  7. 根据权利要求1至5任一项所述的媒体码率自适应方法，所述网络质量信息包括：用户网络的上行带宽信息和下行带宽信息。
  8. 一种媒体码率自适应装置，包括：
    获取模块，用于获取用户网络的网络质量信息；
    处理模块，用于根据预设的码率对应列表获取与所述网络质量信息具有对应关系的码率信息；
    第一执行模块，用于将所述码率信息表征的码率定义为目标对象的码率参数。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的媒体码率自适应装置，还包括：
    请求模块，用于发送包含所述码率参数的数据请求至服务器端；
    第一接收模块，用于接收所述服务器端响应所述数据请求而反馈的与所述目标对象对应的目标数据。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的媒体码率自适应装置，还包括：
    发送模块，用于发送与所述目标对象对应的媒体描述请求至服务器端；
    第二接收模块，用于获取服务器端反馈的与所述媒体描述请求对应的媒体描述文件，所述媒体描述文件包括目标对象所有的码率版本以及与所述码率版本对应的地址信息；
    第二执行模块，用于将与所述码率参数匹配的所述码率版本的地址信息添加到所述数据请求中。
  11. 根据权利要求8所述的媒体码率自适应装置，还包括：
    第一获取子模块，用于获取预设的下载对象的下载时长；
    第一执行子模块，用于将所述预设的下载对象和所述下载时长输入至预设的网络质量计算模型；
    第二获取子模块，用于获取所述网络质量计算模型输出的用户网络的网络质量信息。
  12. 根据权利要求8所述的媒体码率自适应装置，还包括：
    第三获取子模块，用于获取预设的码率对应列表，所述码率对应列表包括与所述目标对象各个版本对应的码率信息以及与所述码率信息对应的播放卡顿概率值；
    第三执行子模块，用于将所述网络质量信息输入至预设的网络卡顿计算模型以计算得到与所述网络质量信息对应的播放卡顿值；
    第一处理子模块，用于根据所述码率对应列表选取播放卡顿概率值小于所述播放卡顿值的码率信息。
  13. 根据权利要求8至11任一项所述的媒体码率自适应装置，所述目标对象包括音频以及视频中的至少一种。
  14. 根据权利要求8至11任一项所述的媒体码率自适应装置，所述网络质量信息包括：用户网络的上行带宽信息和下行带宽信息。
  15. 一种计算机设备，包括存储器和处理器，所述存储器中存储有计算机可读指令，所述计算机可读指令被所述处理器执行时，使得所述处理器执行如权利要求1至7中任一项权利要求所述媒体码率自适应方法的步骤。
  16. 一种存储有计算机可读指令的存储介质，所述计算机可读指令被一个或多个处理 器执行时，使得一个或多个处理器执行如权利要求1至7中任一项权利要求所述媒体码率自适应方法的步骤。
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