WO2020010980A1 - Thermoacoustic engine - Google Patents
Thermoacoustic engine Download PDFInfo
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- WO2020010980A1 WO2020010980A1 PCT/CN2019/090612 CN2019090612W WO2020010980A1 WO 2020010980 A1 WO2020010980 A1 WO 2020010980A1 CN 2019090612 W CN2019090612 W CN 2019090612W WO 2020010980 A1 WO2020010980 A1 WO 2020010980A1
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- nuclear fuel
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- thermoacoustic engine
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G7/00—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for
Definitions
- thermoacoustic engine which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
- the present application relates to the technical field of thermoacoustic heating equipment, and in particular, to a thermoacoustic engine.
- nuclear reactors are usually used as a stand-alone system to generate heat and heat transfer media (high-pressure water in pressurized water reactors, sodium metal in sodium-cooled reactors, and high-pressure helium in gas-cooled reactors).
- the heat in the nuclear reactor is transferred to a thermal power conversion system, a steam turbine, which is then connected to the engine to output electricity.
- This kind of nuclear power generation system requires a very complicated active heat exchange device to prevent the nuclear reactor from leaking due to the melting of the nuclear reactor.
- the low temperature of the heat output by the nuclear reactor is not conducive to obtaining high thermodynamic efficiency of the thermal power conversion system.
- the volume and noise are also very large.
- Thermoacoustic engines are thermal power conversion devices that use thermoacoustic effects to convert thermal energy into mechanical energy in the form of sound waves.
- Generalized thermoacoustic engines include not only traditional standing wave, traveling wave, double-acting thermoacoustic engines, but also structural forms such as Stirling engines.
- Its core components are mainly composed of heaters, regenerators, and water coolers.
- Auxiliary components can also include heat buffer tubes, sub-water coolers, resonance tubes, and ejectors.
- thermoacoustic engine As long as a high-temperature heat source exists and the temperature gradient in the axial direction of the regenerator reaches a certain value, the system will oscillate spontaneously, that is, the system spontaneously converts part of the heat of the high-temperature heat source into mechanical energy in the form of sound waves, and partly passes low temperature.
- Component The water cooler passes to the environment. If the thermoacoustic engine is connected to the engine, it can convert mechanical energy into electrical energy output.
- thermoacoustic engine when heat is transferred from the external heat source to the working gas in the thermoacoustic engine through the high-temperature heat exchanger casing, the high-temperature heat exchanger casing must withstand both high temperature and high pressure. Due to the limitation of performance, the thermal power conversion efficiency of the thermoacoustic engine is also greatly limited. In addition, since the heat needs to be introduced into the engine through the heat exchanger shell, the external combustion type thermoacoustic engine is usually large in size and low in power density, which is not conducive to practical application.
- This application aims to solve at least one of the technical problems in the foregoing background art.
- thermoacoustic engine that solves the problems of complex energy transmission, low thermal energy grade, and large system during the use of nuclear reactor thermal energy, and also solves the difficulty of external thermal thermoacoustic engine heaters.
- the problem of realizing ultra-high temperature and ultra-high heat flux density heat exchange provides a new type of nuclear energy utilization method, at the same time improves the efficiency and safety of nuclear energy utilization, and the system is more compact.
- thermoacoustic engine including at least one thermoacoustic starting unit, which includes a main water cooler, a regenerator, and a nuclear fuel heater connected in sequence;
- the nuclear fuel heater is used to perform a heat exchange between a nuclear fuel reaction and a working gas flowing through the nuclear fuel heater to raise the temperature of the working gas.
- thermo buffer tube and a sub-water cooler connected to the thermal buffer tube;
- An air flow channel is connected between the regenerator and the thermal buffer tube, and the nuclear fuel heater is arranged in the air flow channel.
- the nuclear fuel heater includes a nuclear fuel body and a gas flow path
- a plurality of the nuclear fuel bodies are uniformly arranged in the gas flow channel
- the working gas is circulated in the gas flow path to enable heat exchange between the working gas and the nuclear fuel body.
- the cooling jacket of the nuclear fuel heater is provided with the cooling jacket, an outer surface of the cooling jacket is provided with the reflective layer, and an inner part of the reflective layer is provided with the first control rod.
- it also includes a second control rod, and one or more of the nuclear fuel bodies are adjacent to at least one of the second control rods respectively, and the second control rod is used to control the reaction speed in the nuclear fuel body.
- the main water cooler, the regenerator and the nuclear fuel heater are all annular structures, and the main water cooler, the regenerator and the nuclear fuel heater are coaxially arranged.
- thermoacoustic launching units therein, it includes two sets of the thermoacoustic launching units, and the two sets of the thermoacoustic launching units are arranged opposite to each other.
- the first ejector is arranged in a cavity of a ring structure composed of a main water cooler, a regenerator, and a nuclear fuel heater that are sequentially connected;
- the nuclear fuel heater is connected to a first end of the first exhauster, a second end of the first exhauster is connected to a first generator, and the main water cooler is connected to the first generator.
- thermoacoustic engines includes at least one group of thermoacoustic engines, and each group of thermoacoustic engines includes two sets of thermoacoustic starting units, and the two sets of thermoacoustic starting units are arranged in anti-parallel.
- thermoacoustic generator unit is connected to the first end of the second ejector, and A second end of a second ejector is connected to the second generator, and a main water cooler of a second set of thermoacoustic generator units is connected to the second generator;
- a nuclear fuel heater of a second set of thermoacoustic generator units is connected to a first end of the third ejector, a second end of the third ejector is connected to the third generator, and a first set of thermoacoustic generator units
- the main water cooler is connected to the third generator.
- thermoacoustic engine In the thermoacoustic engine provided in the present application, a nuclear fuel heater is used to realize direct heat exchange between a nuclear fuel reaction and a working gas flowing through the nuclear fuel heater to heat up the working gas, thereby directly heating and heating the working gas inside the engine.
- thermoacoustic engine 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a thermoacoustic engine according to an embodiment of the present application
- thermoacoustic engine is a schematic structural diagram of a thermoacoustic engine according to another embodiment of the present application.
- thermoacoustic engine according to still another embodiment of the present application.
- thermoacoustic engine 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a thermoacoustic engine according to another embodiment of the present application.
- thermoacoustic engine is a schematic structural diagram of a thermoacoustic engine according to another embodiment of the present application.
- thermoacoustic engine according to an embodiment of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to FIGS. 1 to 5.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a thermoacoustic engine according to an embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG. 1, it includes at least one thermoacoustic starting unit, and the thermoacoustic starting unit includes a main water cooler 1 and a regenerator 2 connected in sequence. And nuclear fuel heaters 3;
- the nuclear fuel heater 3 is used for performing a heat exchange between a nuclear fuel reaction and a working gas flowing through the nuclear fuel heater to raise the working gas temperature.
- thermoacoustic engine When the working gas enters the thermoacoustic engine, it reciprocates in the main water cooler 1, the regenerator 2 and the nuclear fuel heater 3. In the process, the working gas heats up to generate a thermoacoustic effect, which in turn generates mechanical power.
- the nuclear fuel heater is used to realize direct heat exchange between the nuclear fuel reaction and the working gas flowing through the nuclear fuel heater, so as to raise the working gas temperature, thereby directly heating the working gas inside the engine. It is not necessary to separately set an additional heat exchange working medium outside the engine, which simplifies the energy transfer link, avoids the indirect transfer of heat, and enhances the heat exchange effect, thereby greatly reducing the heat loss and heating the nuclear fuel heater. The power and heating temperature are greatly increased.
- thermoacoustic engine the main water cooler is kept at a low temperature.
- the working gas in the system will generate self-excited sonic oscillations, that is, the back and forth movement of the gas, and the gas continuously absorbs high temperatures.
- the heat from the heat exchanger is converted into mechanical energy output in the form of sound waves in the regenerator. This process completes the cooling of the nuclear fuel at the same time, which can effectively prevent the temperature of the nuclear fuel from rising indefinitely, thereby melting and leaking. Since this thermally-induced acoustic wave oscillation is a self-propelled behavior and does not require external energy to drive it, it is a passive cooling method for nuclear fuel, so safety can be greatly improved.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a thermoacoustic engine according to another embodiment of the present application.
- Heater 2 nuclear fuel heater 3, heat buffer tube 5 and secondary water cooler 6, air flow passages are connected between the regenerator 2 and the heat buffer tube 5, when the working gas enters the thermoacoustic engine in the main water cooler 1, the regenerator 2.
- the air flow channel, the thermal buffer tube 5 and the sub-water cooler 6 reciprocate.
- the working gas heats up to generate a thermoacoustic effect, which in turn generates mechanical power.
- thermal buffer tube 5 the role of the thermal buffer tube 5 is to establish a thermal buffer between other components and the nuclear fuel heater 3 to prevent other components from directly connecting with the nuclear fuel heater 3.
- the nuclear fuel heater 3 includes a nuclear fuel body and a gas flow path; the working gas is circulated in the gas flow path to enable heat exchange between the working gas and the nuclear fuel body.
- thermoacoustic engine of this embodiment a nuclear fuel heater is arranged in the air flow channel, and the nuclear fuel heater is used for directly contacting the nuclear fuel reaction with the working gas flowing through the gas flow channel to realize heat exchange, so that the working gas is heated up, thereby
- the working gas is directly heated inside the engine, and there is no need to separately install an additional heat exchange working medium outside the engine, which simplifies the energy transfer link, avoids the indirect transfer of heat, enhances the heat exchange effect, and greatly reduces the heat. Loss, and the heating power and heating temperature of the heater are greatly increased.
- the pressure-containing shell of the air flow channel is the engine casing. Since the working gas in the engine can directly exchange heat with the nuclear fuel body 3, the pressure-containing shell of the nuclear fuel heater 4 It can no longer withstand high temperature, and can even perform temperature-controlled cooling on the outer surface of the airflow channel. Compared with the prior art, the pressure-containing shell of the nuclear fuel heater has changed from the original high-temperature and high-pressure environment to only need to withstand the high-pressure environment, which enhances the system. Safety and stability, while allowing nuclear fuel to work at higher temperatures.
- it further includes a cooling jacket 7, a reflective layer 8, and a first control rod 9;
- the pressure-containing casing 4 of the nuclear fuel heater is provided with the cooling jacket 7.
- the outer surface of the cooling jacket 7 is provided with the reflection layer 8, and the inside of the reflection layer 8 is provided with the first control rod 9. .
- the nuclear fuel heater is located inside the engine to directly exchange heat with the working gas, it will also increase the temperature of the surrounding engine pressure-containing casing and reduce its pressure-bearing capacity. Therefore, the pressure-containing casing near the nuclear fuel heater Cooling jacket 7 has been added to the surface to prevent the temperature of the pressurized casing from becoming too high.
- a reflective layer 8 is provided outside the pressure-bearing wall, which is used to reflect the neutrons radiated out to the reactor to maintain the chain reaction.
- a first control rod 9 is provided in the reflective layer 8 to control the severity of the reaction.
- a second control rod 14 is further included, and one or more of the nuclear fuel bodies are respectively adjacent to at least one of the second control rods 14.
- the second control rods 14 are used for Controls the degree of reaction in the nuclear fuel body.
- the second control rod is arranged inside the gas flow channel, and the degree of contact between the second control rod and the gas flow channel can be adjusted as needed to control the opening and closing and reaction speed of the nuclear fuel body, and then control the heating power. And heating temperature.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a thermoacoustic engine according to another embodiment of the present application.
- the main water cooler, the regenerator, and the nuclear fuel heater are all An annular structure, the main water cooler, the regenerator, and the nuclear fuel heater are arranged coaxially.
- the main water cooler, the regenerator, and the nuclear fuel heater are connected in sequence.
- first ejector 10 further includes a first ejector 10; the first ejector 10 is arranged in a cavity of a ring structure composed of a main water cooler, a regenerator, and a nuclear fuel heater which are sequentially connected;
- the nuclear fuel heater is connected to the first end of the first exhauster, the second end of the first exhauster is connected to the first generator 11, and the main water cooler is connected to the first generator 11.
- the regenerator uses a material that has a reflective effect on neutrons, such as beryllium, beryllium oxide, graphite, etc.
- the ejector is also filled with a material that reflects neutrons, and the neutron loss can be reduced by the ejector. To reduce the critical size of the core.
- thermoacoustic engines the length of the component is mainly determined by the acoustic characteristics and cannot be extended at will.
- a nuclear reactor has a critical scale. If it is smaller than this, critical reactions may not occur.
- two sets of thermoacoustic generator units can be placed close together to increase the total length of the nuclear reactor. A critical reaction occurs.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a thermoacoustic engine according to another embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG. 4, the thermoacoustic engine includes two sets of the thermoacoustic launching units, and the two sets of the thermoacoustic launching units are arranged opposite to each other.
- main water cooler, the regenerator and the nuclear fuel heater in the two sets of the thermoacoustic starting units are all ring-shaped structures, and the main water cooler, the regenerator and the The nuclear fuel heater is arranged coaxially.
- the pressure-containing shells of the nuclear fuel heaters of the two sets of the thermoacoustic generator units are provided with a cooling jacket 7 together, a reflective layer 8 is provided on the outer surface of the cooling jacket, and a first control rod is provided inside the reflective layer.
- the nuclear fuel heater of the first thermoacoustic generator unit is connected to the first end of a first ejector, and the second end of the first ejector is connected to a first generator, and the first set of thermoacoustic
- the main water cooler of the starting unit is connected to the first generator;
- the nuclear fuel heater of the second thermoacoustic starting unit is connected to the first end of another first ejector, and the second end of the first ejector is connected to the other
- the first generator is connected, and the main water cooler of the second set of thermoacoustic generator units is connected to the first generator.
- one or more first control rods 9 are disposed inside the reflective layer 8.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a thermoacoustic engine according to another embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG. 5, the thermoacoustic engine includes two sets of the thermoacoustic generator units, and the two sets of the thermoacoustic generator units are arranged in parallel and in reverse.
- this embodiment includes at least one group of thermoacoustic engines, and each group of thermoacoustic engines includes two sets of thermoacoustic launching units, and the two sets of thermoacoustic launching units are arranged in anti-parallel.
- the nuclear fuel heater of the first thermoacoustic generator unit is connected to the first end of the second ejector 12, the second end of the second exhauster is connected to the second generator 13, and the main water cooling of the second thermoacoustic generator unit
- the nuclear fuel heater of the second set of thermoacoustic generator units is connected to the first end of a third ejector (not shown), and the second end of the third ejector is connected to the first Three generators (not shown in the figure) are connected, and the main water cooler of the first set of thermoacoustic starting units is connected to the third generator.
- thermoacoustic engine provided in the embodiment of the present application, the relative movement between the second ejector and the third ejector in the two sets of thermoacoustic starting units can offset the vibration, and an increase in the number of thermoacoustic starting units can increase the total power of a single system.
- the thermoacoustic starting unit has an opposite structure, which is also beneficial to eliminate vibration, and the total number of motors is reduced, which simplifies the structure.
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Abstract
Disclosed is a thermoacoustic engine, comprising at least one thermoacoustic engine unit. The thermoacoustic engine unit comprises a main water cooler (1), a heat regenerator (2), and a nuclear fuel heater (3) that are successively connected, wherein the nuclear fuel heater (3) exchanges heat with a working gas flowing through the nuclear fuel heater (3) by using a nuclear fuel reaction, such that the temperature of the working gas is raised. The thermoacoustic engine solves the problems of complex energy transmission, a low thermal energy grade and an enormous system in a nuclear pile thermal energy utilization process, and solves the problem that it is difficult for a heater of an external-heat-type thermoacoustic engine to realize heat exchange in an ultra-temperature and ultra-high heat flux density, provides a novel nuclear energy utilization approach, improves the efficiency and safety of nuclear energy utilization, and enables a system to be more compact.
Description
相关申请的交叉引用Cross-reference to related applications
本申请要求于2018年7月9日提交的申请号为201810744773.9，发明名称为“一种热声发动机”的中国专利申请的优先权，其通过引用方式全部并入本申请。This application claims priority from a Chinese patent application filed on July 9, 2018 with the application number 201810744773.9, and the invention name is "a thermoacoustic engine", which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
本申请涉及热声加热设备技术领域，特别是涉及一种热声发动机。The present application relates to the technical field of thermoacoustic heating equipment, and in particular, to a thermoacoustic engine.
在传统的核能发电***中，核反应堆通常作为一个独立的***用于产生热量，传热介质(压水堆中为高压水，钠冷堆中为金属钠，气冷堆中为高压氦气)将核反应堆中的热量输送给热功转换***—蒸汽轮机，蒸汽轮机再接上发动机向外输出电能。这种核能发电***核堆需要非常复杂的主动换热装置，以防止核堆融化发生泄漏事故；核堆输出的热量温度低，不利于热功转换***获得较高的热力学效率；另外这种***的体积、噪声也非常大。In traditional nuclear power generation systems, nuclear reactors are usually used as a stand-alone system to generate heat and heat transfer media (high-pressure water in pressurized water reactors, sodium metal in sodium-cooled reactors, and high-pressure helium in gas-cooled reactors). The heat in the nuclear reactor is transferred to a thermal power conversion system, a steam turbine, which is then connected to the engine to output electricity. This kind of nuclear power generation system requires a very complicated active heat exchange device to prevent the nuclear reactor from leaking due to the melting of the nuclear reactor. The low temperature of the heat output by the nuclear reactor is not conducive to obtaining high thermodynamic efficiency of the thermal power conversion system. The volume and noise are also very large.
热声发动机是利用热声效应，将热能转化为声波形式的机械能的热功转换装置。广义的热声发动机不仅包括传统的驻波、行波、双作用热声发动机，还包括斯特林发动机等结构形式。它的核心部件主要由加热器、回热器、水冷器组成，辅助部件通常还可以包括热缓冲管、次水冷器、谐振管、排出器等。在热声发动机中，只要存在高温热源，回热器轴向的温度梯度达到一定值，***就会自激振荡，即***自发地将高温热源的热量一部分转化为声波形式的机械能，一部分通过低温部件—水冷器传递给环境。热声发动机如果再接上发动机，就可以将机械能转化为电能输出。Thermoacoustic engines are thermal power conversion devices that use thermoacoustic effects to convert thermal energy into mechanical energy in the form of sound waves. Generalized thermoacoustic engines include not only traditional standing wave, traveling wave, double-acting thermoacoustic engines, but also structural forms such as Stirling engines. Its core components are mainly composed of heaters, regenerators, and water coolers. Auxiliary components can also include heat buffer tubes, sub-water coolers, resonance tubes, and ejectors. In a thermoacoustic engine, as long as a high-temperature heat source exists and the temperature gradient in the axial direction of the regenerator reaches a certain value, the system will oscillate spontaneously, that is, the system spontaneously converts part of the heat of the high-temperature heat source into mechanical energy in the form of sound waves, and partly passes low temperature. Component—The water cooler passes to the environment. If the thermoacoustic engine is connected to the engine, it can convert mechanical energy into electrical energy output.
目前，现有的热声发动机中，热量由外热源通过高温换热器外壳传输到热声发动机内的工作气体时，高温换热器外壳必须同时承受高温和高压，由于最高换热温度受到材料性能的限制，使得热声发动机的热功转换效率的也受到了较大的限制。另外由于热量需要通过换热器外壳传入发动机内， 因此外燃式的热声发动机通常体积较大，功率密度较低，不利于实际应用。At present, in the existing thermoacoustic engine, when heat is transferred from the external heat source to the working gas in the thermoacoustic engine through the high-temperature heat exchanger casing, the high-temperature heat exchanger casing must withstand both high temperature and high pressure. Due to the limitation of performance, the thermal power conversion efficiency of the thermoacoustic engine is also greatly limited. In addition, since the heat needs to be introduced into the engine through the heat exchanger shell, the external combustion type thermoacoustic engine is usually large in size and low in power density, which is not conducive to practical application.
发明内容Summary of the invention
(一)要解决的技术问题(1) Technical problems to be solved
本申请旨在至少解决前述背景技术中的技术问题之一。This application aims to solve at least one of the technical problems in the foregoing background art.
为此，本申请提出了一种热声发动机，该热声发动机解决了核堆热能利用过程中能量传输复杂、热能品位低、***庞大的问题，同时解决外热式的热声发动机加热器难以实现超高温、超高热流密度换热的问题，提供一种新型的核能利用途径，同时提高核能利用的效率和安全性，***更加紧凑。For this reason, this application proposes a thermoacoustic engine that solves the problems of complex energy transmission, low thermal energy grade, and large system during the use of nuclear reactor thermal energy, and also solves the difficulty of external thermal thermoacoustic engine heaters. The problem of realizing ultra-high temperature and ultra-high heat flux density heat exchange provides a new type of nuclear energy utilization method, at the same time improves the efficiency and safety of nuclear energy utilization, and the system is more compact.
(二)技术方案(Two) technical solutions
为了解决上述技术问题，本申请提供一种热声发动机，包括至少一个热声发动单元，所述热声发动单元包括顺次连接的主水冷器、回热器以及核燃料加热器；In order to solve the above technical problem, the present application provides a thermoacoustic engine including at least one thermoacoustic starting unit, which includes a main water cooler, a regenerator, and a nuclear fuel heater connected in sequence;
所述核燃料加热器用于利用核燃料反应与流经所述核燃料加热器的工作气体之间进行热交换，以使所述工作气体升温。The nuclear fuel heater is used to perform a heat exchange between a nuclear fuel reaction and a working gas flowing through the nuclear fuel heater to raise the temperature of the working gas.
其中，还包括热缓冲管以及和所述热缓冲管连接的次水冷器；Wherein, it also includes a thermal buffer tube and a sub-water cooler connected to the thermal buffer tube;
所述回热器和热缓冲管之间连接有气流通道，所述气流通道内布设有所述核燃料加热器。An air flow channel is connected between the regenerator and the thermal buffer tube, and the nuclear fuel heater is arranged in the air flow channel.
其中，所述核燃料加热器包括核燃料体和气体流道；Wherein, the nuclear fuel heater includes a nuclear fuel body and a gas flow path;
多个所述核燃料体分别均匀的排列在所述气体流道内；A plurality of the nuclear fuel bodies are uniformly arranged in the gas flow channel;
所述气体流道内流通有所述工作气体，以使所述工作气体与所述核燃料体之间进行热交换。The working gas is circulated in the gas flow path to enable heat exchange between the working gas and the nuclear fuel body.
其中，还包括冷却套、反射层以及第一控制棒；Which also includes a cooling jacket, a reflective layer and a first control rod;
所述核燃料加热器的承压外壳设置有所述冷却套，所述冷却套的外表面设置有所述反射层，所述反射层的内部设置有所述第一控制棒。The cooling jacket of the nuclear fuel heater is provided with the cooling jacket, an outer surface of the cooling jacket is provided with the reflective layer, and an inner part of the reflective layer is provided with the first control rod.
其中，还包括第二控制棒，所述核燃料体中一个或者多个分别邻接有至少一根所述第二控制棒，所述第二控制棒用于控制所述核燃料体内的反应的速度。Wherein, it also includes a second control rod, and one or more of the nuclear fuel bodies are adjacent to at least one of the second control rods respectively, and the second control rod is used to control the reaction speed in the nuclear fuel body.
其中，所述主水冷器、所述回热器以及所述核燃料加热器均为环形结构，所述主水冷器、所述回热器以及所述核燃料加热器同轴布置。Wherein, the main water cooler, the regenerator and the nuclear fuel heater are all annular structures, and the main water cooler, the regenerator and the nuclear fuel heater are coaxially arranged.
其中，包括两套所述热声发动单元，两套所述热声发动单元对置布置。Wherein, it includes two sets of the thermoacoustic launching units, and the two sets of the thermoacoustic launching units are arranged opposite to each other.
其中，还包括第一排出器；所述第一排出器布置在顺次连接的主水冷器、回热器以及核燃料加热器构成的环形结构的空腔内；Wherein, it also includes a first ejector; the first ejector is arranged in a cavity of a ring structure composed of a main water cooler, a regenerator, and a nuclear fuel heater that are sequentially connected;
所述核燃料加热器与所述第一排出器的第一端连接，所述第一排出器的第二端与第一发电机连接，所述主水冷器与所述第一发电机连接。The nuclear fuel heater is connected to a first end of the first exhauster, a second end of the first exhauster is connected to a first generator, and the main water cooler is connected to the first generator.
其中，包括至少一组热声发动机，每一组热声发动机包括两套热声发动单元，该两套热声发动单元反向并联布置。Wherein, it includes at least one group of thermoacoustic engines, and each group of thermoacoustic engines includes two sets of thermoacoustic starting units, and the two sets of thermoacoustic starting units are arranged in anti-parallel.
其中，还包括第二排出器、第三排出器、第二发电机以及第三发电机；第一套热声发动单元的核燃料加热器与所述第二排出器的第一端连接，所述第二排出器的第二端与所述第二发电机连接，第二套热声发动单元的主水冷器与所述第二发电机连接；Wherein, it also includes a second ejector, a third ejector, a second generator, and a third generator; the nuclear fuel heater of the first thermoacoustic generator unit is connected to the first end of the second ejector, and A second end of a second ejector is connected to the second generator, and a main water cooler of a second set of thermoacoustic generator units is connected to the second generator;
第二套热声发动单元的核燃料加热器与所述第三排出器的第一端连接，所述第三排出器的第二端与所述第三发电机连接，第一套热声发动单元的主水冷器与所述第三发电机连接。A nuclear fuel heater of a second set of thermoacoustic generator units is connected to a first end of the third ejector, a second end of the third ejector is connected to the third generator, and a first set of thermoacoustic generator units The main water cooler is connected to the third generator.
(三)有益效果(Three) beneficial effects
与现有技术相比，本申请具有以下优点：Compared with the prior art, this application has the following advantages:
本申请提供的热声发动机，核燃料加热器用于利用核燃料反应与流经核燃料加热器内的工作气体之间直接接触实现热交换，以使工作气体升温，从而使得工作气体在发动机内部直接加热升温，无需在发动机外部单独设置额外的换热工质，简化了能量的传递环节，避免了热量的间接传递，增强了换热效果，从而大幅度的减少了热量损失，并使得核燃料加热器的加热功率和加热温度大幅提高。In the thermoacoustic engine provided in the present application, a nuclear fuel heater is used to realize direct heat exchange between a nuclear fuel reaction and a working gas flowing through the nuclear fuel heater to heat up the working gas, thereby directly heating and heating the working gas inside the engine. There is no need to separately set additional heat exchange working medium outside the engine, which simplifies the energy transfer link, avoids the indirect transfer of heat, enhances the heat exchange effect, thereby greatly reducing the heat loss and enabling the heating power of nuclear fuel heaters And the heating temperature is greatly increased.
图1为本申请实施例一种热声发动机的结构示意图；1 is a schematic structural diagram of a thermoacoustic engine according to an embodiment of the present application;
图2为本申请另一实施例一种热声发动机的结构示意图；2 is a schematic structural diagram of a thermoacoustic engine according to another embodiment of the present application;
图3为本申请再一实施例一种热声发动机的结构示意图；3 is a schematic structural diagram of a thermoacoustic engine according to still another embodiment of the present application;
图4为本申请又一实施例一种热声发动机的结构示意图；4 is a schematic structural diagram of a thermoacoustic engine according to another embodiment of the present application;
图5为本申请又一实施例一种热声发动机的结构示意图；5 is a schematic structural diagram of a thermoacoustic engine according to another embodiment of the present application;
图中：1-主水冷器；2-回热器；3-核燃料加热器；4-承压外壳；5-热缓冲管；6-次水冷器；7-冷却套；8-反射层；9-第一控制棒；10-第一排出器； 11-第一发电机；12-第二排出器；13-第二发电机；14-第二控制棒。In the picture: 1-main water cooler; 2-regenerator; 3-nuclear fuel heater; 4-pressure housing; 5-heat buffer tube; 6-sub water cooler; 7-cooling jacket; 8-reflection layer; 9 -First control rod; 10- first ejector; 11- first generator; 12- second ejector; 13- second generator; 14- second control rod.
下面结合附图和实施例，对本申请的具体实施方式作进一步详细描述。以下实例用于说明本申请，但不用来限制本申请的范围。The specific implementation of the present application will be described in further detail below with reference to the drawings and embodiments. The following examples are used to illustrate the application, but not to limit the scope of the application.
在本申请的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两套元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。In the description of this application, it should be noted that the terms "installation", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, unless explicitly stated and limited otherwise. For example, they may be fixed connections or removable. Connected or integrated; it can be mechanical or electrical; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium; it can be the internal connection of two sets of components. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in this application can be understood in specific situations.
下面首先结合附图1至图5具体描述本申请实施例的一种热声发动机。First, a thermoacoustic engine according to an embodiment of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to FIGS. 1 to 5.
图1为本申请实施例一种热声发动机的结构示意图，如图1所示，包括至少一个热声发动单元，所述热声发动单元包括顺次连接的主水冷器1、回热器2以及核燃料加热器3；FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a thermoacoustic engine according to an embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG. 1, it includes at least one thermoacoustic starting unit, and the thermoacoustic starting unit includes a main water cooler 1 and a regenerator 2 connected in sequence. And nuclear fuel heaters 3;
所述核燃料加热器3用于利用核燃料反应与流经所述核燃料加热器的工作气体之间进行热交换，以使所述工作气体升温。The nuclear fuel heater 3 is used for performing a heat exchange between a nuclear fuel reaction and a working gas flowing through the nuclear fuel heater to raise the working gas temperature.
工作气体进入热声发动机时在主水冷器1、回热器2以及核燃料加热器3中往复运动，在此过程中工作气体升温从而产生热声效应，进而产生机械动力。When the working gas enters the thermoacoustic engine, it reciprocates in the main water cooler 1, the regenerator 2 and the nuclear fuel heater 3. In the process, the working gas heats up to generate a thermoacoustic effect, which in turn generates mechanical power.
本实施例的热声发动机中，核燃料加热器用于利用核燃料反应与流经核燃料加热器内的工作气体之间直接接触实现热交换，以使工作气体升温，从而使得工作气体在发动机内部直接加热升温，无需在发动机外部单独设置额外的换热工质，简化了能量的传递环节，避免了热量的间接传递，增强了换热效果，从而大幅度的减少了热量损失，并使得核燃料加热器的加热功率和加热温度大幅提高。In the thermoacoustic engine of this embodiment, the nuclear fuel heater is used to realize direct heat exchange between the nuclear fuel reaction and the working gas flowing through the nuclear fuel heater, so as to raise the working gas temperature, thereby directly heating the working gas inside the engine. It is not necessary to separately set an additional heat exchange working medium outside the engine, which simplifies the energy transfer link, avoids the indirect transfer of heat, and enhances the heat exchange effect, thereby greatly reducing the heat loss and heating the nuclear fuel heater. The power and heating temperature are greatly increased.
在该热声发动机中，保持主水冷器在较低温度，当加热器的温度达到一定值后，***内工作气体就会产生自激的声波振荡，即气体的来回往复运动，气体不断吸收高温换热器的热量并在回热器内将其转化为声波形式的机械能输出。这个过程同时完成了对核燃料的冷却，可以有效地防止核燃料的温度无限上升，从而融化发生泄漏事故。由于这种热致声的声波振荡是一种自发行为，无须外部能量驱动，对核燃料来说是一种非能动的冷却方式，因此安 全性可以获得大大提升。In this thermoacoustic engine, the main water cooler is kept at a low temperature. When the temperature of the heater reaches a certain value, the working gas in the system will generate self-excited sonic oscillations, that is, the back and forth movement of the gas, and the gas continuously absorbs high temperatures. The heat from the heat exchanger is converted into mechanical energy output in the form of sound waves in the regenerator. This process completes the cooling of the nuclear fuel at the same time, which can effectively prevent the temperature of the nuclear fuel from rising indefinitely, thereby melting and leaking. Since this thermally-induced acoustic wave oscillation is a self-propelled behavior and does not require external energy to drive it, it is a passive cooling method for nuclear fuel, so safety can be greatly improved.
以下对该热声发动机进行具体说明，图2为本申请另一实施例一种热声发动机的结构示意图，如图2所示，该热声发动机包括顺次连接的主水冷器1、回热器2、核燃料加热器3、热缓冲管5和次水冷器6，回热器2和热缓冲管5之间连接有气流通道，工作气体进入热声发动机时在主水冷器1、回热器2、气流通道、热缓冲管5和次水冷器6中往复运动，在此过程中工作气体升温从而产生热声效应，进而产生机械动力。The thermoacoustic engine is described in detail below. FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a thermoacoustic engine according to another embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG. Heater 2, nuclear fuel heater 3, heat buffer tube 5 and secondary water cooler 6, air flow passages are connected between the regenerator 2 and the heat buffer tube 5, when the working gas enters the thermoacoustic engine in the main water cooler 1, the regenerator 2. The air flow channel, the thermal buffer tube 5 and the sub-water cooler 6 reciprocate. In the process, the working gas heats up to generate a thermoacoustic effect, which in turn generates mechanical power.
需要说明的是，热缓冲管5的作用是在其他部件与核燃料加热器3之间建立热缓冲，防止其他部件与核燃料加热器3直接连接。It should be noted that the role of the thermal buffer tube 5 is to establish a thermal buffer between other components and the nuclear fuel heater 3 to prevent other components from directly connecting with the nuclear fuel heater 3.
其中，核燃料加热器3包括核燃料体和气体流道；所述气体流道内流通有所述工作气体，以使所述工作气体与所述核燃料体之间进行热交换。Wherein, the nuclear fuel heater 3 includes a nuclear fuel body and a gas flow path; the working gas is circulated in the gas flow path to enable heat exchange between the working gas and the nuclear fuel body.
本实施例的热声发动机中，在气流通道内布设有核燃料加热器，核燃料加热器用于利用核燃料反应与流经气体流道内的工作气体之间直接接触实现热交换，以使工作气体升温，从而使得工作气体在发动机内部直接加热升温，无需在发动机外部单独设置额外的换热工质，简化了能量的传递环节，避免了热量的间接传递，增强了换热效果，从而大幅度的减少了热量损失，并使得加热器的加热功率和加热温度大幅提高。In the thermoacoustic engine of this embodiment, a nuclear fuel heater is arranged in the air flow channel, and the nuclear fuel heater is used for directly contacting the nuclear fuel reaction with the working gas flowing through the gas flow channel to realize heat exchange, so that the working gas is heated up, thereby The working gas is directly heated inside the engine, and there is no need to separately install an additional heat exchange working medium outside the engine, which simplifies the energy transfer link, avoids the indirect transfer of heat, enhances the heat exchange effect, and greatly reduces the heat. Loss, and the heating power and heating temperature of the heater are greatly increased.
同时，由于核燃料加热器内置于热声发动机中，气流通道的承压外壳即为发动机壳体，由于发动机内的工作气体能直接与核燃料体3之间换热，使得核燃料加热器的承压外壳4不再承受高温，甚至可以在气流通道的外表面进行控温冷却，与现有技术相比，核燃料加热器的承压外壳由原本的高温高压环境变为只需要承受高压环境，增强了***安全性和稳定性，同时可以使核燃料工作在较高的温度。At the same time, since the nuclear fuel heater is built into the thermoacoustic engine, the pressure-containing shell of the air flow channel is the engine casing. Since the working gas in the engine can directly exchange heat with the nuclear fuel body 3, the pressure-containing shell of the nuclear fuel heater 4 It can no longer withstand high temperature, and can even perform temperature-controlled cooling on the outer surface of the airflow channel. Compared with the prior art, the pressure-containing shell of the nuclear fuel heater has changed from the original high-temperature and high-pressure environment to only need to withstand the high-pressure environment, which enhances the system. Safety and stability, while allowing nuclear fuel to work at higher temperatures.
进一步地，根据本申请的实施例，还包括冷却套7、反射层8以及第一控制棒9；Further, according to the embodiment of the present application, it further includes a cooling jacket 7, a reflective layer 8, and a first control rod 9;
所述核燃料加热器的承压外壳4设置有所述冷却套7，所述冷却套7的外表面设置有所述反射层8，所述反射层8的内部设置有所述第一控制棒9。The pressure-containing casing 4 of the nuclear fuel heater is provided with the cooling jacket 7. The outer surface of the cooling jacket 7 is provided with the reflection layer 8, and the inside of the reflection layer 8 is provided with the first control rod 9. .
需要说明的是，虽然核燃料加热器位于发动机内部直接与工作气体换热，但也会使周边的发动机承压外壳温度升高，降低其承压能力，因此在 靠近核燃料加热器处的承压外壳的外表增加了冷却套7，防止承压外壳温度过高。It should be noted that although the nuclear fuel heater is located inside the engine to directly exchange heat with the working gas, it will also increase the temperature of the surrounding engine pressure-containing casing and reduce its pressure-bearing capacity. Therefore, the pressure-containing casing near the nuclear fuel heater Cooling jacket 7 has been added to the surface to prevent the temperature of the pressurized casing from becoming too high.
由于核反应堆要维持其链式反应，必须保持一定的中子数量，因此在承压壁外设置有反射层8，其用于将向外辐射出的中子反射回堆内，维持链式反应。Since a nuclear reactor must maintain a certain number of neutrons to maintain its chain reaction, a reflective layer 8 is provided outside the pressure-bearing wall, which is used to reflect the neutrons radiated out to the reactor to maintain the chain reaction.
可以理解的是，在反射层8内设置有第一控制棒9用于控制反应的剧烈程度。It can be understood that a first control rod 9 is provided in the reflective layer 8 to control the severity of the reaction.
进一步地，根据本申请的实施例，还包括第二控制棒14，所述核燃料体中一个或者多个分别邻接有至少一根所述第二控制棒14，所述第二控制棒14用于控制所述核燃料体内的反应的程度。Further, according to the embodiment of the present application, a second control rod 14 is further included, and one or more of the nuclear fuel bodies are respectively adjacent to at least one of the second control rods 14. The second control rods 14 are used for Controls the degree of reaction in the nuclear fuel body.
需要说明的是，第二控制棒设置在气体流道内部，可以根据需要调整第二控制棒与气体流道之间的接触程度，从而来控制核燃料体的启闭及反应速度，进而控制加热功率和加热温度。It should be noted that the second control rod is arranged inside the gas flow channel, and the degree of contact between the second control rod and the gas flow channel can be adjusted as needed to control the opening and closing and reaction speed of the nuclear fuel body, and then control the heating power. And heating temperature.
图3为本申请再一实施例一种热声发动机的结构示意图，如图3所示，为了获得更加紧凑的结构，所述主水冷器、所述回热器以及所述核燃料加热器均为环形结构，所述主水冷器、所述回热器以及所述核燃料加热器同轴布置。FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a thermoacoustic engine according to another embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG. 3, in order to obtain a more compact structure, the main water cooler, the regenerator, and the nuclear fuel heater are all An annular structure, the main water cooler, the regenerator, and the nuclear fuel heater are arranged coaxially.
可以理解的是，在本申请实施例中所述主水冷器、所述回热器以及所述核燃料加热器依次连接。It can be understood that, in the embodiments of the present application, the main water cooler, the regenerator, and the nuclear fuel heater are connected in sequence.
需要说明的是，还包括第一排出器10；所述第一排出器10布置在顺次连接的主水冷器、回热器以及核燃料加热器构成的环形结构的空腔内；It should be noted that it further includes a first ejector 10; the first ejector 10 is arranged in a cavity of a ring structure composed of a main water cooler, a regenerator, and a nuclear fuel heater which are sequentially connected;
所述核燃料加热器与所述第一排出器的第一端连接，所述第一排出器的第二端与第一发电机11连接，所述主水冷器与第一发电机11连接。The nuclear fuel heater is connected to the first end of the first exhauster, the second end of the first exhauster is connected to the first generator 11, and the main water cooler is connected to the first generator 11.
可以理解的是，如果回热器使用对中子具有反射作用的材料，如铍，氧化铍，石墨等，排出器中也填充具有反射中子的材料，通过该排出器可减少中子损失，以降低堆芯临界尺寸。It can be understood that if the regenerator uses a material that has a reflective effect on neutrons, such as beryllium, beryllium oxide, graphite, etc., the ejector is also filled with a material that reflects neutrons, and the neutron loss can be reduced by the ejector. To reduce the critical size of the core.
在热声发动机中，部件的长度主要由声学特性决定，不能随意加长。而核反应堆存在一个临界尺度，如果小于该尺度，临界反应可能无法发生，为了满足临界反应的核堆尺度要求，可以将两套热声发动单元紧挨在一起，增加核堆的总长度，有利于临界反应的发生。In thermoacoustic engines, the length of the component is mainly determined by the acoustic characteristics and cannot be extended at will. A nuclear reactor has a critical scale. If it is smaller than this, critical reactions may not occur. In order to meet the nuclear reactor scale requirements of the critical reaction, two sets of thermoacoustic generator units can be placed close together to increase the total length of the nuclear reactor. A critical reaction occurs.
图4为本申请又一实施例一种热声发动机的结构示意图，如图4所示，包括两套所述热声发动单元，两套所述热声发动单元对置布置。FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a thermoacoustic engine according to another embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG. 4, the thermoacoustic engine includes two sets of the thermoacoustic launching units, and the two sets of the thermoacoustic launching units are arranged opposite to each other.
需要说明的是，两套所述热声发动单元中的所述主水冷器、所述回热器以及所述核燃料加热器均为环形结构，所述主水冷器、所述回热器以及所述核燃料加热器同轴布置。It should be noted that the main water cooler, the regenerator and the nuclear fuel heater in the two sets of the thermoacoustic starting units are all ring-shaped structures, and the main water cooler, the regenerator and the The nuclear fuel heater is arranged coaxially.
其中，两套所述热声发动单元的核燃料加热器的承压外壳共同设置有冷却套7，所述冷却套的外表面设置有反射层8，所述反射层的内部设置有第一控制棒9。Wherein, the pressure-containing shells of the nuclear fuel heaters of the two sets of the thermoacoustic generator units are provided with a cooling jacket 7 together, a reflective layer 8 is provided on the outer surface of the cooling jacket, and a first control rod is provided inside the reflective layer. 9.
需要说明的是，第一套热声发动单元的核燃料加热器与一个第一排出器的第一端连接，上述第一排出器的第二端与一个第一发电机连接，第一套热声发动单元的主水冷器与上述第一发电机连接；第二套热声发动单元的核燃料加热器与另一个第一排出器的第一端连接，上述第一排出器的第二端与另一个第一发电机连接，第二套热声发动单元的主水冷器与上述第一发电机连接。It should be noted that the nuclear fuel heater of the first thermoacoustic generator unit is connected to the first end of a first ejector, and the second end of the first ejector is connected to a first generator, and the first set of thermoacoustic The main water cooler of the starting unit is connected to the first generator; the nuclear fuel heater of the second thermoacoustic starting unit is connected to the first end of another first ejector, and the second end of the first ejector is connected to the other The first generator is connected, and the main water cooler of the second set of thermoacoustic generator units is connected to the first generator.
可以理解的是，反射层8的内部设置有一个或者多个第一控制棒9。It can be understood that one or more first control rods 9 are disposed inside the reflective layer 8.
图5为本申请又一实施例一种热声发动机的结构示意图，如图5所示，包括两套所述热声发动单元，两套所述热声发动单元反向并联布置。FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a thermoacoustic engine according to another embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG. 5, the thermoacoustic engine includes two sets of the thermoacoustic generator units, and the two sets of the thermoacoustic generator units are arranged in parallel and in reverse.
需要说明的是，本实施例中包括至少一组热声发动机，每一组热声发动机包括两套热声发动单元，该两套热声发动单元反向并联布置。It should be noted that this embodiment includes at least one group of thermoacoustic engines, and each group of thermoacoustic engines includes two sets of thermoacoustic launching units, and the two sets of thermoacoustic launching units are arranged in anti-parallel.
第一套热声发动单元的核燃料加热器与第二排出器12的第一端连接，上述第二排出器的第二端与第二发电机13连接，第二套热声发动单元的主水冷器与上述第二发电机13连接；第二套热声发动单元的核燃料加热器与第三排出器(图中未示出)的第一端连接，上述第三排出器的第二端与第三发电机(图中未示出)连接，第一套热声发动单元的主水冷器与上述第三发电机连接。The nuclear fuel heater of the first thermoacoustic generator unit is connected to the first end of the second ejector 12, the second end of the second exhauster is connected to the second generator 13, and the main water cooling of the second thermoacoustic generator unit The nuclear fuel heater of the second set of thermoacoustic generator units is connected to the first end of a third ejector (not shown), and the second end of the third ejector is connected to the first Three generators (not shown in the figure) are connected, and the main water cooler of the first set of thermoacoustic starting units is connected to the third generator.
本申请实施例提供的热声发动机，两套热声发动单元中的第二排出器和第三排出器之间的相对运动可以抵消振动，热声发动单元的数量增加可以提高单个***的总功率，热声发动单元为对置结构也利于消除振动，同时电机总数量减少，简化了结构。In the thermoacoustic engine provided in the embodiment of the present application, the relative movement between the second ejector and the third ejector in the two sets of thermoacoustic starting units can offset the vibration, and an increase in the number of thermoacoustic starting units can increase the total power of a single system. The thermoacoustic starting unit has an opposite structure, which is also beneficial to eliminate vibration, and the total number of motors is reduced, which simplifies the structure.
以上所述仅为本申请的可选实施例而已，并不用以限制本申请，凡在 本申请的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本申请的保护范围之内。The above description is only an optional embodiment of this application, and is not intended to limit this application. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of this application shall be included in this application. Within the scope of protection.
Claims (10)
- 一种热声发动机，其特征在于，包括至少一个热声发动单元，所述热声发动单元包括顺次连接的主水冷器、回热器以及核燃料加热器；A thermoacoustic engine, comprising at least one thermoacoustic starting unit, the thermoacoustic starting unit comprising a main water cooler, a regenerator, and a nuclear fuel heater connected in sequence;所述核燃料加热器用于利用核燃料反应与流经所述核燃料加热器的工作气体之间进行热交换，以使所述工作气体升温。The nuclear fuel heater is used to perform a heat exchange between a nuclear fuel reaction and a working gas flowing through the nuclear fuel heater to raise the temperature of the working gas.
- 如权利要求1所述的热声发动机，其特征在于，还包括热缓冲管以及和所述热缓冲管连接的次水冷器；The thermoacoustic engine according to claim 1, further comprising a thermal buffer tube and a sub-water cooler connected to the thermal buffer tube;所述回热器和热缓冲管之间连接有气流通道，所述气流通道内布设有所述核燃料加热器。An air flow channel is connected between the regenerator and the thermal buffer tube, and the nuclear fuel heater is arranged in the air flow channel.
- 如权利要求1或2所述的热声发动机，其特征在于，所述核燃料加热器包括核燃料体和气体流道；The thermoacoustic engine according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the nuclear fuel heater comprises a nuclear fuel body and a gas flow path;多个所述核燃料体分别均匀的排列在所述气体流道内；A plurality of the nuclear fuel bodies are uniformly arranged in the gas flow channel;所述气体流道内流通有所述工作气体，以使所述工作气体与所述核燃料体之间进行热交换。The working gas is circulated in the gas flow path to enable heat exchange between the working gas and the nuclear fuel body.
- 如权利要求3所述的热声发动机，其特征在于，还包括冷却套、反射层以及第一控制棒；The thermoacoustic engine according to claim 3, further comprising a cooling jacket, a reflective layer, and a first control rod;所述核燃料加热器的承压外壳设置有所述冷却套，所述冷却套的外表面设置有所述反射层，所述反射层的内部设置有所述第一控制棒。The cooling jacket of the nuclear fuel heater is provided with the cooling jacket, an outer surface of the cooling jacket is provided with the reflective layer, and an inner part of the reflective layer is provided with the first control rod.
- 如权利要求3所述的热声发动机，其特征在于，还包括第二控制棒，所述核燃料体中一个或者多个分别邻接有至少一根所述第二控制棒，所述第二控制棒用于控制所述核燃料体内的反应的速度。The thermoacoustic engine according to claim 3, further comprising a second control rod, and one or more of the nuclear fuel bodies are adjacent to at least one of the second control rod and the second control rod, respectively. Used to control the speed of reactions in the nuclear fuel body.
- 如权利要求1所述的热声发动机，其特征在于，所述主水冷器、所述回热器以及所述核燃料加热器均为环形结构，所述主水冷器、所述回热器以及所述核燃料加热器同轴布置。The thermoacoustic engine according to claim 1, wherein the main water cooler, the regenerator, and the nuclear fuel heater are all annular structures, and the main water cooler, the regenerator, and the The nuclear fuel heater is arranged coaxially.
- 如权利要求6所述的热声发动机，其特征在于，包括两套所述热声发动单元，两套所述热声发动单元对置布置。The thermoacoustic engine according to claim 6, comprising two sets of the thermoacoustic launching units, and the two sets of the thermoacoustic launching units are arranged opposite to each other.
- 如权利要求6或7所述的热声发动机，其特征在于，还包括第一排出器；所述第一排出器布置在顺次连接的主水冷器、回热器以及核燃料加热器构成的环形结构的空腔内；The thermoacoustic engine according to claim 6 or 7, further comprising a first ejector; the first ejector is arranged in a ring shape composed of a main water cooler, a regenerator, and a nuclear fuel heater connected in sequence. Within the cavity of the structure;所述核燃料加热器与所述第一排出器的第一端连接，所述第一排出器 的第二端与第一发电机连接，所述主水冷器与所述第一发电机连接。The nuclear fuel heater is connected to a first end of the first exhauster, a second end of the first exhauster is connected to a first generator, and the main water cooler is connected to the first generator.
- 如权利要求1所述的热声发动机，其特征在于，包括至少一组热声发动机，每一组热声发动机包括两套热声发动单元，该两套热声发动单元反向并联布置。The thermoacoustic engine according to claim 1, comprising at least one group of thermoacoustic engines, each group of thermoacoustic engines including two sets of thermoacoustic starting units, the two sets of thermoacoustic starting units being arranged in antiparallel in parallel.
- 如权利要求9所述的热声发动机，其特征在于，还包括第二排出器、第三排出器、第二发电机以及第三发电机；The thermoacoustic engine according to claim 9, further comprising a second ejector, a third ejector, a second generator, and a third generator;第一套热声发动单元的核燃料加热器与所述第二排出器的第一端连接，所述第二排出器的第二端与所述第二发电机连接，第二套热声发动单元的主水冷器与所述第二发电机连接；A nuclear fuel heater of a first set of thermoacoustic generator units is connected to a first end of the second ejector, a second end of the second ejector is connected to the second generator, and a second set of thermoacoustic generator units A main water cooler is connected to the second generator;第二套热声发动单元的核燃料加热器与所述第三排出器的第一端连接，所述第三排出器的第二端与所述第三发电机连接，第一套热声发动单元的主水冷器与所述第三发电机连接。A nuclear fuel heater of a second set of thermoacoustic generator units is connected to a first end of the third ejector, a second end of the third ejector is connected to the third generator, and a first set of thermoacoustic generator units The main water cooler is connected to the third generator.
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