WO2020006805A1 - 一种平板无源相控阵馈电网络线源 - Google Patents

一种平板无源相控阵馈电网络线源 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020006805A1
WO2020006805A1 PCT/CN2018/099166 CN2018099166W WO2020006805A1 WO 2020006805 A1 WO2020006805 A1 WO 2020006805A1 CN 2018099166 W CN2018099166 W CN 2018099166W WO 2020006805 A1 WO2020006805 A1 WO 2020006805A1
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Prior art keywords
waveguide
phased array
line source
network line
flat
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PCT/CN2018/099166
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English (en)
French (fr)
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文忠
王丽君
毛天胜
沈佳骏
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成都赛康宇通科技有限公司
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Publication of WO2020006805A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020006805A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
    • H01Q15/24—Polarising devices; Polarisation filters 
    • H01Q15/242—Polarisation converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
    • H01P1/165—Auxiliary devices for rotating the plane of polarisation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P5/00—Coupling devices of the waveguide type
    • H01P5/12—Coupling devices having more than two ports
    • H01P5/16—Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port
    • H01P5/18—Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port consisting of two coupled guides, e.g. directional couplers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of phased array antenna feeding, in particular to a flat passive phased array feeding network line source.
  • the line source is a key component of the antenna, and its role is to provide a plane wave from the rectangular waveguide port for the antenna feed.
  • the first is a line excitation source composed of a horn antenna's reflected feed. Because of wave reflection, it can turn a spherical wave into a plane wave.
  • This line excitation source is relatively bulky.
  • a convex lens or a flat lens is used to convert a spherical wave from a horn antenna into a plane wave, and its linear excitation source is smaller and lighter than the first type.
  • convex lenses or flat lenses are difficult to machine with standard equipment, and adding a matching layer increases reflection losses.
  • the third type of line source is to use a waveguide power divider and a horn antenna to generate plane waves in a slab waveguide by means of wave synthesis.
  • the waveguide power divider uses T connectors that cascade multiple E-planes or H-planes. Compared to the H-plane power divider, the E-plane waveguide power divider is more suitable for symmetrical structures of the upper and lower structures, because it can cut the waveguide from the E-plane, which is more convenient for processing. In addition, since the E-plane cutting does not cut off the current, the signal leakage of the E-plane power divider is less.
  • the electric field component of the TE10 wave of the E-plane power divider is distributed along the main surface of the power divider and is parallel to the conductive layer of the plane waveguide, so it is orthogonal to the electric field component of the plane waveguide TEM wave. Therefore, the polarization of the electromagnetic wave of the E-plane power divider needs to be rotated by 90 ° to match the electromagnetic wave of the planar waveguide.
  • the existing polarization converter has a polarization rotator along the propagation direction, which has a long size (especially in the low frequency band). Due to the special shape, it cannot be processed by standard milling technology, which increases the The complexity of this line source design and manufacturing.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a flat passive phased array feed network line source for the above problems.
  • a flat passive phased array feed network line source including a multi-port power divider connected in sequence, and multiple polarization conversions matching the number of power divider ports
  • the polarization converter is composed of an input-end waveguide and an output-end waveguide connected through a cavity, and a horizontally polarized wave enters the cavity through the input-end waveguide, and is rotated and polarized into a vertically polarized wave by Output waveguide output.
  • the power divider is an E-plane waveguide power divider
  • the input-end waveguide and the output-end waveguide are both rectangular waveguides
  • the input-end waveguide is orthogonal to the output-end waveguide.
  • the cavity is a butterfly cavity.
  • the power combiner includes a plurality of rectangular waveguides and a slab waveguide matching the number of the polarization converters, and converts a plurality of input TE 10 waves into quasi-TEM waves on the slab waveguide.
  • the input signals of the plurality of rectangular waveguides of the power combiner have the same phase, and the amplitude distribution of the rectangular waveguide requires that the middle port in the H plane is strong and the edge port is weak.
  • a plurality of rectangular waveguides of the power combiner are arranged along a certain slope.
  • the working frequency band of the invention is 26.5GHz ⁇ 31GHz.
  • the beneficial effects of the present invention are: because the polarization rotator is not required, the length of the polarization converter is greatly reduced and it is suitable for standard machining, making the structure of the line source compact; reducing signal leakage and increasing bandwidth; and making echoes
  • the loss is better than 20dB, which ensures a perfect feed signal for the flat passive phased array antenna.
  • FIG. 1 Block diagram of the line source of the flat passive phased array feed network
  • FIG. 1 Schematic diagram of the line source of the flat passive phased array feed network
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a polarization converter according to the present invention.
  • a flat passive phased array feed network line source as shown in FIG. 1, includes a multi-port power divider connected in sequence, multiple polarization converters and power combiners matching the number of power divider ports.
  • the polarization converter is composed of an input-end waveguide and an output-end waveguide connected through a cavity.
  • a horizontally polarized wave enters the cavity through the input-end waveguide, and is rotated and polarized into a vertically-polarized wave by the output-end waveguide.
  • the wiring structure diagram of the line source of the flat passive phased array feeding network includes an E-plane waveguide eight-port power divider 6 connected in sequence, and eight E / H-plane polarization converter and H-plane waveguide power combiner.
  • the E / H surface polarization converter includes an input-end waveguide and an output-end waveguide connected through a butterfly cavity 1.
  • the E-plane is perpendicular to the H-plane.
  • the advantages of the E-plane and the H-plane waveguide are effectively used.
  • the eight-port power divider 6 is designed using the E-plane waveguide to reduce signal leakage and increase bandwidth.
  • the power combiner design uses H-plane waveguides to synthesize the electromagnetic waves of rectangular waveguides as parallel waveguides.
  • the number of ports from multiple H-plane waveguides to Transmission of parallel waveguides becomes easier, greatly reducing the size of the power combiner, and reducing the difficulty of designing and processing the power combiner.
  • the input and output ends of the E / H polarization converter consist of two rectangular waveguides orthogonally connected by a central butterfly cavity.
  • the horizontally polarized wave enters the butterfly cavity and is output after being polarized and rotated to vertical polarization.
  • the E / H polarization converter has a wide bandwidth.
  • the eight-port H-plane waveguide power combiner has eight rectangular waveguides of the same size, and each rectangular waveguide is connected to a slab waveguide.
  • the rectangular waveguides are aligned along a straight line.
  • the rectangular waveguide spacing and slab width can be adjusted to convert multiple TE 10 waves from the rectangular waveguide to quasi-TEM waves on the slab waveguide.
  • the input signals of the rectangular waveguides have the same phase, and the amplitude distribution requires the middle port of the H-plane to be strong, and the amplitude of the edge ports to be weak.
  • the return loss in the wide band of 26.5GHz ⁇ 31GHz is better than 20dB, which can provide a perfect feed signal for a flat passive phased array antenna.
  • Each part of the excitation source can be independently designed and optimized to obtain high bandwidth, and the excitation source can be formed by simply connecting these parts. Therefore, the design of the line source has been greatly simplified.

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  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种平板无源相控阵馈电网络线源，包括依次相连的多端口功分器、与功分器端口数匹配的多个极化转换器和功率合成器；所述极化转换器由通过腔体连接的输入端波导与输出端波导组成，水平极化波经输入端波导进入腔体，经过旋转极化为垂直极化波后由输出端波导输出至平板波导。本发明无需采用极化旋转器，兼顾了E平面波导和H平面波导的优点，具有结构紧凑、大带宽、设计制造简便的特点。

Description

一种平板无源相控阵馈电网络线源 技术领域
本发明属于相控阵天线馈电技术领域，尤其涉及一种平板无源相控阵馈电网络线源。
 背景技术
在一个平板无源相控阵天线中，线源是天线的关键部件，其作用是为天线馈电提供一个来自矩形波导口的平面波。
 技术问题
线源的实现有几种方式，第一种是以喇叭天线反射馈电构成的线激励源，由于波的反射，它可以将球面波变为平面波，这种线激励源比较笨重；第二种是采用凸透镜或平板透镜将来自喇叭天线的球面波转换为平面波，其线激励源较第一种尺寸更小、重量更轻。然而，凸透镜或平板透镜很难用标准设备加工，并且增加一个匹配层增大了反射损耗。
第三种线源是利用波导功分器和喇叭天线通过波合成的方式在平板波导内产生平面波，波导功分器采用级联多个E平面或H平面的T连接器。相对于H平面功分器，E平面波导功分器更加适合上下结构的对称装置，因为它可沿E面从中切断波导，更便于加工。此外，由于E平面的分切并不会切断电流，这样E平面功分器的信号泄露更少。然而，E平面功分器TE10波的电场分量沿功分器的主面分布并与平面波导的导电层平行，所以它就与平面波导TEM波的电场分量正交。因此，E平面功分器的电磁波的极化需要旋转90°来匹配平面波导的电磁波。然而，现有的极化转换器有一个沿着传播方向的极化旋转器，它尺寸较长（尤其在低频段），由于形状的特殊性，它不能采用标准铣削工艺进行加工，增大了这种线源设计和制造的复杂度。
 技术解决方案
本发明的目的在于，针对上述问题，提出一种平板无源相控阵馈电网络线源。
本发明的发明目的是通过以下技术方案实现的：一种平板无源相控阵馈电网络线源，包括依次相连的多端口功分器、与功分器端口数匹配的多个极化转换器和功率合成器，所述极化转换器由通过腔体连接的输入端波导与输出端波导组成，水平极化波经输入端波导进入腔体，经过旋转极化为垂直极化波后由输出端波导输出。
为了各部件相互配合，所述的功分器为E平面波导功分器，所述输入端波导与输出端波导均为矩形波导，所述输入端波导与输出端波导正交。
进一步地，所述的腔体为蝶型腔。
进一步地，所述的功率合成器包括与所述极化转换器数量匹配的多个矩形波导和一个平板波导，将输入的多个TE 10波到平板波导上的准TEM波的转换。所述功率合成器的多个矩形波导的输入信号相位相同，且矩形波导的幅度分布要求H平面中间端口的强，边缘端口幅度弱。
所述功率合成器的多个矩形波导沿着一定斜度排列。
本发明工作频段为26.5GHz~31GHz。
 有益效果
本发明的有益效果在于：由于无须采用极化旋转器，极大地减少了极化转换器的长度并适合标准机械加工，使得线源的结构变得紧凑；减少信号泄露并提高带宽；使回波损耗优于20dB，确保为平板无源相控阵天线提供完美的馈电信号。
 附图说明
图1 平板无源相控阵馈电网络的线源的组成框图；
图2 平板无源相控阵馈电网络的线源的实体示意图；
图3 本发明极化转换器的结构示意图；
       图中标号表示：1-蝶形腔；2-输入端波导H平面；3-输入端波导E平面；4-输出端波导E平面；5-输出端波导H平面；6-功分器；7-盒体。
 本发明的实施方式
为使发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。通常在此处附图中描述和示出的本发明实施例的组件可以以各种不同的配置来布置和设计。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
一种平板无源相控阵馈电网络线源，如图1所示，包括依次相连的多端口功分器、与功分器端口数匹配的多个极化转换器和功率合成器，所述极化转换器由通过腔体连接的输入端波导与输出端波导组成，水平极化波经输入端波导进入腔体，经过旋转极化为垂直极化波后由输出端波导输出。
平板无源相控阵馈电网络的线源的的布线结构图，如图2所示，包括依次相连的E平面波导八端口功分器6，以及置于盒体7内的八个E/H面极化转换器和H平面波导功率合成器。
如图3，E/H面极化转换器包括通过蝶形腔1连接的输入端波导与输出端波导。E平面垂直于H平面，在此线源中同时有效利用E平面和H平面波导的优势，首先，其中的八端口功分器6设计在使用了E平面波导，以减少信号泄露并提高带宽，并便于加工；其次，其中功率合成器设计使用了H平面波导以合成各路矩形波导的电磁波为平行波导的平面波，由于两种波导中的电场分量方向相同，使得从多个H平面波导端口到平行波导的传输变得容易，大大减小功率合成器的尺寸，并降低功率合成器的设计和加工难度。
E/H极化转换器的输入和输出端由两个矩形波导正交组成，并由居中的蝶型腔连接而成。水平极化波进入蝶型腔，经过极化旋转为垂直极化后输出。E/H极化转换器带宽较宽。
八端口H平面波导功率合成器具有八个尺寸相同的矩形波导，各矩形波导与一个平板波导相连。矩形波导沿着直线排列。调节矩形波导间隔和平板宽度，可实现来自矩形波导的多个TE 10波到平板波导上的准TEM波的转换。
各矩形波导的输入信号相位相同，且幅度分布要求H平面中间端口的较强，边缘端口幅度较弱。在26.5GHz~31GHz宽频段内的回波损耗优于20dB，可为平板无源相控阵天线提供完美的馈电信号。
激励源的每个部分可以分别独立进行设计和优化以获得高带宽，并可通过将这些部分简单的连接来构成该激励源。因此线源的设计得到了极大的简化。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种平板无源相控阵馈电网络线源，其特征在于，包括依次相连的多端口功分器、与功分器端口数匹配的多个极化转换器和功率合成器；所述极化转换器由通过腔体连接的输入端波导与输出端波导组成，水平极化波经输入端波导进入腔体，经过旋转极化为垂直极化波后由输出端波导输出。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述一种平板无源相控阵馈电网络线源，其特征在于，所述的功分器为E平面波导功分器。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述一种平板无源相控阵馈电网络线源，其特征在于，所述输入端波导与输出端波导均为矩形波导。
  4. 根据权利要求1或2所述一种平板无源相控阵馈电网络线源，其特征在于，所述输入端波导与输出端波导正交。
  5. 根据权利要求1或2所述一种平板无源相控阵馈电网络线源，其特征在于，所述的腔体为蝶型腔。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述一种平板无源相控阵馈电网络线源，其特征在于，所述极化转换器为面极化转换器。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述一种平板无源相控阵馈电网络线源，其特征在于，所述的功率合成器包括与所述极化转换器数量匹配的多个矩形波导和一个平板波导，将输入的多个TE 10波到平板波导上的准TEM波的转换。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述一种平板无源相控阵馈电网络线源，其特征在于，所述功率合成器的多个矩形波导的输入信号相位相同。
  9. 根据权利要求7所述一种平板无源相控阵馈电网络线源，其特征在于，所述功率合成器的多个矩形波导沿着一定斜度排列。
  10. 根据权利要求7所述一种平板无源相控阵馈电网络线源，其特征在于，所述功率合成器的矩形波导的幅度分布要求H平面中间端口的强，边缘端口幅度弱。
PCT/CN2018/099166 2018-07-03 2018-08-07 一种平板无源相控阵馈电网络线源 WO2020006805A1 (zh)

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CN104993253A (zh) * 2015-05-21 2015-10-21 中国电子科技集团公司第十研究所 有源相控阵天线射频链路***及其确定收发隔离度的方法

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