WO2019245155A1 - Stand-alone microgrid operating system - Google Patents
Stand-alone microgrid operating system Download PDFInfo
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- WO2019245155A1 WO2019245155A1 PCT/KR2019/005041 KR2019005041W WO2019245155A1 WO 2019245155 A1 WO2019245155 A1 WO 2019245155A1 KR 2019005041 W KR2019005041 W KR 2019005041W WO 2019245155 A1 WO2019245155 A1 WO 2019245155A1
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- power
- battery
- energy storage
- storage device
- load
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
- H02J3/32—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy using batteries with converting means
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
- H02J3/388—Islanding, i.e. disconnection of local power supply from the network
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
- H02J2300/10—The dispersed energy generation being of fossil origin, e.g. diesel generators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
- H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
- H02J2300/22—The renewable source being solar energy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
- H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
- H02J2300/28—The renewable source being wind energy
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E70/00—Other energy conversion or management systems reducing GHG emissions
- Y02E70/30—Systems combining energy storage with energy generation of non-fossil origin
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
- Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
- Y04S10/00—Systems supporting electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
- Y04S10/12—Monitoring or controlling equipment for energy generation units, e.g. distributed energy generation [DER] or load-side generation
- Y04S10/123—Monitoring or controlling equipment for energy generation units, e.g. distributed energy generation [DER] or load-side generation the energy generation units being or involving renewable energy sources
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
- Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
- Y04S10/00—Systems supporting electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
- Y04S10/14—Energy storage units
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a microgrid operating system, and more particularly, to a standalone microgrid operating system for resolving instability of a system to which a renewable energy source is applied and providing an optimal power supply system.
- the island's independent microgrid system is a hybrid power supply system that supplies power by combining renewable energy such as solar and wind power with diesel power generation.
- hybrid power supply systems can be a variety of combinations, including diesel-wind hybrids, diesel-solar hybrids, and diesel-wind-solar-ESS hybrids.
- a diesel generator forms a main power source, and renewable energy and ESS systems such as solar and wind power operate in an associated mode as an auxiliary power source.
- a hybrid power supply system in which a diesel generator forms a main power source may cause serious problems such as reverse power is applied to the diesel generator when the generating power of the renewable energy power source is higher than the load, causing the diesel generator to trip.
- the hybrid power supply system in which the diesel generator is the main power source has low reliability because the system in the microgrid may cause a power failure when the diesel generator is shut down for fuel saving, noiseless or pollution-free operation.
- the hybrid power supply system in which the diesel generator forms the main power source has a problem of charging at light load, discharging at heavy load, and calculating the charge / discharge amount instantaneously in order to operate the diesel generator at high efficiency.
- the generation amount of renewable energy is higher than the load in time synchronization and time error in calculating the charge and discharge amount, reverse power may be applied to the generator to provide a cause of tripping.
- the hybrid power supply system in which the diesel generator forms the main power has a disadvantage in that it is difficult to use 100% of the output of renewable energy in consideration of the frequency change of the diesel generator.
- an object of the present invention is to provide an independent microgrid operating system for solving the instability of a system to which a renewable energy source is applied and providing an optimal power supply system.
- An independent microgrid operating system is an energy storage device including a battery capable of supplying or discharging or charging a load, an inverter for controlling charging and discharging of the battery, and an auxiliary load in association with the energy storage device.
- Renewable power generation device for supplying power to or charging the energy storage device
- Diesel generator for supplying power to the load in conjunction with the energy storage device, or charging the energy storage device;
- the power and load power generated from the renewable power generation device or the diesel generating device if the surplus power is present to charge the battery through the surplus power, if there is no surplus power discharges the insufficient power through the battery It characterized in that the control to.
- the inverter is characterized in that the charge and discharge of the battery in the CVCF (Constant Voltage Constant Frequency) mode.
- CVCF Constant Voltage Constant Frequency
- the stand-alone microgrid operating system further comprising a PMS connected to the energy storage device, the renewable power generation device and the diesel power generation device, to control the renewable power generation device and the diesel power generation device. It features.
- the PMS limits the output of the renewable power generation apparatus when surplus power exists when the remaining capacity of the battery exceeds a preset value.
- the PMS is configured to control the diesel generator to operate when there is no surplus power when the remaining capacity of the battery is less than a preset value.
- the PMS outputs an alarm signal when there is no surplus power in a state where the remaining capacity of the battery is less than a preset value.
- the renewable energy device is characterized in that it comprises a wind turbine or a photovoltaic generator.
- An independent microgrid operating system is an energy storage device including a battery capable of supplying or discharging or charging a load, an inverter for controlling charging and discharging of the battery, and an auxiliary load in association with the energy storage device.
- Renewable power generation device for supplying power to or charging the energy storage device
- Diesel generator for supplying power to the load in conjunction with the energy storage device, or charging the energy storage device;
- the apparatus is connected in series to each other in series, and a plurality of power converters for converting and supplying power for charging and discharging, and a plurality of power converters respectively connected to the plurality of power changers to be charged with power or to supply charged power.
- a controller configured to bypass the selected battery by controlling a power converter or a relay connected to a selected battery among the batteries
- the stand-alone microgrid operating system forms an energy storage device as a main power source and operates the CVCF mode, thereby automatically charging and discharging the surplus power and underpower, thereby driving the PMS. It simplifies the program to do so and can reliably power the consumer.
- the stand-alone microgrid operating system according to the present invention can solve the noise and environmental problems by minimizing the use of diesel generators by forming an energy storage device as a main power source and controlling the diesel generator device through PMS as a linked power source. .
- the stand-alone microgrid operating system according to the present invention is connected to the power converter in series in the configuration of the energy storage device, and provided with a relay between the connection terminal of the adjacent power converter, respectively, the relay connected to the selected battery of the plurality of batteries closed state By bypassing the selected battery by controlling it, it can be replaced or repaired in the live state without stopping the system to maximize energy efficiency.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the configuration of a standalone microgrid operating system according to the present invention.
- FIGS 2 to 5 are views for explaining the operating state of the stand-alone microgrid operating system according to the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing the configuration of an energy storage device according to the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is a block diagram showing in detail the configuration of the energy storage device according to the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is a deficiency diagram for explaining in detail the configuration of an energy storage device according to the invention connected to one phase of an alternating current power source.
- FIG. 9 is an exemplary diagram for describing bypass control for the battery selected in FIG. 8.
- FIG. 10 is a graph illustrating a switch waveform of an inverter of an energy storage device according to a comparative example.
- FIG. 11 is a graph illustrating a switch waveform of an inverter of an energy storage device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIGS. 2 to 5 are diagrams for describing an operating state of the standalone microgrid operating system according to the present invention.
- the standalone microgrid operating system 200 includes an energy storage device 100, a renewable energy generation device 20, and a diesel power generation device 30.
- the standalone microgrid operating system 200 may further include a PMS 40 for controlling the renewable power generation device 20 and the diesel power generation device 30.
- the energy storage device 100 includes a battery 110 capable of discharging or charging by supplying power to a load, and an inverter for controlling charging and discharging of the battery 110.
- the inverter 121 charges the battery 110 through the surplus power when surplus power exists, depending on the power generated from the renewable power generation device 20 or the diesel generator 30 and the load. If not present, the insufficient power may be discharged through the battery 110.
- the energy storage device 100 measures the state of charge (SOC) of the battery 110, as shown in FIG. 2, and when the remaining capacity of the battery 110 is within a preset range, surplus When the output MP is present, the energy storage device 100 may be charged through the surplus output MP.
- the remaining capacity range of the preset battery 110 may be set to 90% of the upper limit SOC_UL and 20% of the lower limit SOC_DL.
- the surplus output MP adds the power generation amount RP of the renewable energy generation device 20 and the power generation amount D of the diesel power generation device 30, and may be calculated through a difference with the load power.
- the energy storage device 100 measures the remaining capacity of the battery 110, and when the remaining capacity of the battery 110 is within a preset range, there is no surplus output MP. If not, it can discharge against underpower.
- the inverter 121 may control charge and discharge of the battery 110 in a constant voltage constant frequency (CVCF) mode. That is, the energy storage device 100 according to the present invention allows the inverter to operate in a CVCF mode in which the voltage and frequency of the grid are constantly controlled, so that they can be automatically controlled individually without the control of the PMS 40 and used as a main power source. Can be.
- CVCF constant voltage constant frequency
- the standalone microgrid operating system 200 forms the energy storage device 100 as a main power source, and allows the energy storage device 100 to operate in a CVCF mode, thereby automatically controlling surplus power and insufficient power.
- By charging and discharging is made, to simplify the program for driving the PMS 40, it is possible to stably supply power to the customer 60 through the transformer 50.
- the renewable energy device 20 supplies power to the load or charges the energy storage device in an assisting manner in association with the energy storage device 100.
- the renewable energy device 20 may include a wind turbine or a photovoltaic device.
- the renewable energy device 20 may charge the battery 110 of the energy storage device 100 through the surplus power when surplus power exists according to the generated power and the load power.
- the renewable energy device 20 may include an associated inverter 21, and the associated inverter 21 may be operated in an MPPT control mode and an output limit mode.
- the diesel generator 30 is supplied in cooperation with the energy storage device 100 to supply power to the load or to charge the energy storage device. That is, the diesel generator 30 is normally stopped, but for charging the energy storage device 100 under the control of the PMS 40 according to the remaining capacity of the battery 110 and the presence of surplus power of the energy storage device 100. Can be operated or operated as a voltage source.
- the PMS 40 may be connected to the energy storage device 100, the renewable power generation device 20, and the diesel power generation device 30 to monitor and control the renewable power generation device 20 and the diesel power generation device 30. have.
- each output limit may be adjusted as in Equation 1 below.
- Wind power limit (WLP) W * (1-MP / RP) * 100 / wind capacity
- PV output limit (PLP) P * (1-MP / RP) * 100 / solar capacity
- the PMS 40 turns off the diesel generator 30. Control to operate.
- the PMS 40 may output an alarm signal when there is no surplus power in a state where the remaining capacity of the battery 110 is less than a preset value.
- the alarm signal may be an alarm sound or a warning light.
- FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the energy storage device according to the present invention
- Figure 7 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the energy storage device according to the invention in detail.
- the energy storage device 100 is provided in plurality, and receives AC power from each phase of the AC power source 10.
- one end of the energy storage device 100 may be connected to each phase of the AC power source 10, and the other end thereof may be connected to the adjacent energy storage device 100.
- the energy storage device 100 is connected to the AC power source 10 and converts AC power transferred from the AC power source 10 into DC power to charge or converts stored DC power into AC power to AC To the power source 10.
- the energy storage device 100 having 10 batteries 110 corresponding to each of the AC power sources 10 is configured to charge 30 batteries 110 when the entire three-phase power source is used.
- the energy storage device 100 includes a power converter 120, a battery 110, a relay 130, and a controller 140.
- the power converter 120 is connected to the AC power source 10 and connected in series to each other, and supplies power to the battery 110 by converting power for charging and discharging. That is, when the power converter 120 receives power from the first AC power source 10, is connected in series to each other, and the energy storage device 100 is connected in plural to each of the AC power sources 10, The power converter located at the end may be connected to the end of the power converter provided in the adjacent energy storage device.
- the power converter 120 may convert the AC power received from the AC power source 10 into a form of DC power that can be charged and provide the same to the battery 110.
- the power converter 120 may convert the DC power discharged from the battery 110 into AC power and provide the AC power to the AC power source 10.
- the battery 110 may charge AC power supplied from the AC power source 10 in the form of DC power via the power converter 120. In addition, the battery 110 may supply the charged DC power to the AC power source 10 in the form of AC power through the power converter 120.
- the battery 110 may be used a variety of batteries capable of charging and discharging.
- the battery 110 may be a nickel-cadmium battery, a lead storage battery, a nickel metal hydride battey (NiMH), a lithium ion battery, a lithium polymer battery, or the like. It may include, but is not limited to.
- the relay 130 is a device that operates when the input reaches a predetermined value to open and close the circuit, and may be provided in plurality between connection terminals of adjacent power converters 120.
- the relay 130 is initially provided at an input terminal of the AC power source 10, an initial power converter connected to the AC power source 10, and a connection terminal of the power converter adjacent to the initial power converter.
- the relays 130 may be provided between adjacent power converters, respectively, and the relay 130 located at the end thereof may be provided between the connection ends with the adjacent energy storage device 100.
- the relay 130 may be maintained in the open state in the normal mode under the control of the controller 140, and the relay 130 corresponding to the selected battery 110 is controlled to the closed state.
- the relay 11 (R11) is controlled in the closed state, and if the battery 12 or the power converter 12 needs to be replaced or repaired, the relay 12 (R12) is closed. State can be controlled.
- the battery 110 or the power converter 120 needs to be replaced or repaired, thereby bypassing the entire system, and thus, the battery 110 or the power converter 120 may be moved in a live state without stopping the entire system. Replacement or repair is possible.
- the controller 140 controls the plurality of relays 130 to the open state in the normal mode according to the user input, and controls the relays connected to the battery 110 selected by the user from the plurality of batteries 110 to the closed state. Can be.
- the controller 140 controls the relay 130 corresponding to the battery 110 that needs to be replaced or repaired by the user to the closed state, thereby bypassing the battery 110 that needs to be replaced or repaired without stopping the entire system.
- the battery 110 or the power converter 120 may be replaced or repaired.
- the controller 140 may control the control voltage of the AC power source 10 for bypassing by Equation 1 below.
- n is the number of batteries
- controller 140 may control the control current of the AC power source 10 for bypass when the inverter is linked to the following equation (2).
- n is the number of batteries
- 8 is a deficiency diagram for explaining in detail the configuration of an energy storage device according to the invention connected to one phase of an alternating current power source. 8 is a view for explaining the configuration of the power converter 120 in detail, three inverters 121-1, 121-2, 121-3 are connected in multiple stages on R, each inverter 121- 1, 121-2, and 121-3 are exemplary views showing a state in which three batteries are connected to each other.
- the power converter 120 is connected to an initial AC power source 10, a plurality of inverters 121 connected in series to each other, and one side of the plurality of inverters 121. And a plurality of bidirectional converters 122 connected to each other and connected to the plurality of batteries 110, respectively.
- the plurality of inverters 121 and the plurality of bidirectional converters 122 may be connected through the fuses 123, respectively.
- the fuse 123 is cut off due to the heat generated by the current when the short-circuit current and the overload current flows over a predetermined value that may occur in each of the plurality of batteries 110, and automatically cuts off the overcurrent.
- the inverter 121 may include first and second switches connected in series with each other, and third and fourth switches connected in parallel with the first and second switches.
- the first inverter 121-1 includes S1 and S2 connected in series with each other, S3 and S4 connected in parallel with S1 and S2
- the second inverter 121-2 includes S5 and S6 connected in series with each other, S5 and It may be configured to include S7 and S8 connected in parallel with S6.
- the inverter 121 has an initial inverter connected to an AC power source, a connection end of third and fourth switches of the inverter located at the front end, and a connection end of the first and second switches of the inverter located at the rear end thereof. Can be connected in series with each other in series.
- the connection terminals of S3 and S4 of the first inverter 121-1 may be connected to S5 and S6 of the second inverter 121-2.
- the inverter 121 may configure a circuit requiring a plurality of independent power sources into a single input power terminal, that is, an AC power source 10.
- the relay 130 may be provided between the connection ends of the third and fourth switches of the inverter 121 located at the front end and the connection ends of the first and second switches of the inverter 121 located at the rear end.
- the connection terminals S3 and S4 of the first inverter 121-1 are connected to the connection terminals S5 and S6 of the second inverter 121-2, and the connection of S7 and S8 of the second inverter 121-2 is performed.
- the relay 130 may be provided between the connection terminals. That is, when controlling R12 to the closed state, the power transferred from the first inverter 121-1 may be bypassed to the third inverter 121-3. Accordingly, the battery 12, the second converter 122-2 or the second inverter 121-2 may be repaired or replaced in the live state by controlling the closed state of R12 without stopping the system.
- the relay 130 corresponding to the battery 110 that needs to be replaced or repaired by the user in the closed state bypassing the inverter 121 of the battery 110 that needs to be replaced or repaired without stopping the entire system.
- the battery 110 or the power converter 120 may be replaced or repaired.
- the bidirectional converter 122 is provided between the varieties 110 and the inverter 121 to control charge and discharge of the battery 110.
- the bi-directional converter 122 controls the direction of the current in both directions to control the flow of power in both directions while maintaining the polarity of the power supply voltage unchanged between the battery 110 and the inverter 121.
- FIG. 9 is an exemplary diagram for describing bypass control for the battery selected in FIG. 8.
- the controller controls S5 and S7 of the second inverter 121-2 in the closed state, and controls S6 and S8 in the open state to control the second inverter 121. -2) can be bypassed to bypass the battery 12. That is, when only the battery 12 needs to be replaced or repaired, bypass control may be performed only by the switch control of the second inverter 121-2.
- the present invention is not limited thereto.
- the bypass control may be performed by controlling the second relay R12 in the closed state.
- FIG. 10 is a graph showing a switch waveform of an inverter of an energy storage device according to a comparative example
- FIG. 11 is a graph showing a switch waveform of an inverter of an energy storage device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- control unit may control the phase shift angle by controlling the inverter according to the number of batteries.
- the controller may control the phase shift angle through Equation 3 below.
- n is the number of batteries
- the battery system according to the comparative example is composed of one inverter and one battery from the single phase of the AC power source, the energy storage device according to an embodiment of the present invention and three inverters connected in series from the single phase of the AC power source and
- the comparative example shows a two-level single-phase inverter switching waveform.
- the embodiment shows a five-level single-phase inverter switching. The waveform is shown. That is, the embodiment has been confirmed that the switching waveform is similar to the sine waveform, that is, the AC waveform in comparison with the comparative example can reduce the filter reactor, assuming that the reactor size can be further reduced in the case of 10 levels It was confirmed that.
- the energy storage device can realize high power density by reducing the reactor size of the inverter by adjusting the phase shift angle according to the number of batteries.
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a stand-alone microgrid operating system for resolving the instability of a system to which a renewable energy source is applied and providing an optimal power supply system. A microgrid operating system according to the present invention comprises: an energy storage device including a battery capable of being discharged or charged by supplying power to a load, and an inverter for controlling the charging and discharging of the battery; a renewable power generation device for supplying auxiliary power to the load while connected with the energy storage device or for charging the energy storage device; and a diesel power generation device for supplying auxiliary power to the load while connected to the energy storage device or for charging the energy storage device, wherein the inverter performs control, according to the power and load power generated from the renewable power generation device or the diesel power generation device, such that the battery is charged through surplus power when the surplus power exists and insufficient power is discharged through the battery when the surplus power does not exist.
Description
본 발명은 마이크로그리드 운용 시스템에 관한 것으로, 더욱 상세하게는 신재생 에너지원이 적용된 시스템의 불안정성을 해소하고, 최적의 전원 공급시스템을 제공하기 위한 독립형 마이크로그리드 운용 시스템에 관한 것이다.The present invention relates to a microgrid operating system, and more particularly, to a standalone microgrid operating system for resolving instability of a system to which a renewable energy source is applied and providing an optimal power supply system.
도서지역의 독립형 마이크로그리드 시스템은 디젤발전에 태양광이나 풍력 등 신재생에너지를 결합하여 전력을 공급하는 방식으로서 소위 하이브리드 전원 공급 시스템이라 한다.The island's independent microgrid system is a hybrid power supply system that supplies power by combining renewable energy such as solar and wind power with diesel power generation.
예컨데 하이브리드 전원 공급 시스템은 디젤-풍력 하이브리드, 디젤-태양광 하이브리드, 디젤-풍력-태양광- ESS 하이브리드 등 다양한 조합이 가능하다.For example, hybrid power supply systems can be a variety of combinations, including diesel-wind hybrids, diesel-solar hybrids, and diesel-wind-solar-ESS hybrids.
종래의 하이브리드 전원 공급 시스템은 디젤발전기가 주 전원을 형성하고 태양광, 풍력 등 신재생에너지 및 ESS 시스템은 보조전원으로 연계모드로 동작한다.In a conventional hybrid power supply system, a diesel generator forms a main power source, and renewable energy and ESS systems such as solar and wind power operate in an associated mode as an auxiliary power source.
이러한 디젤발전기가 주 전원을 형성하는 하이브리드 전원 공급 시스템은 태양광이나 풍력 등 신재생에너지전원의 도입량이 부하나 발전기의 용량에 비해 낮을 경우는 서로 간의 간섭으로 인한 시스템 불안정성에 관한 문제가 없으나, 부하나 발전기의 용량에 비해 신재생에너지전원을 50% 이상으로 도입할 경우는 디젤발전기의 전압 및 주파수 제어에 영향을 미쳐 불안정하게 될 수 있다.In the hybrid power supply system in which the diesel generator forms the main power, when the amount of renewable energy such as solar or wind power is lower than the load or the capacity of the generator, there is no problem regarding system instability due to mutual interference. However, if 50% or more of renewable energy is introduced compared to the capacity of the generator, it may affect the voltage and frequency control of the diesel generator and become unstable.
또한 디젤발전기가 주 전원을 형성하는 하이브리드 전원 공급 시스템은 부하보다 신재생에너지전원의 발전량이 높을 경우 디젤발전기에 역전력이 인가되어 디젤발전기가 트립되기도 하는 등 심각한 문제가 발생될 수 있다.In addition, a hybrid power supply system in which a diesel generator forms a main power source may cause serious problems such as reverse power is applied to the diesel generator when the generating power of the renewable energy power source is higher than the load, causing the diesel generator to trip.
또한 디젤발전기가 주 전원을 형성하는 하이브리드 전원 공급 시스템은 연료의 절감이나 무소음, 무공해 운전을 위한 디젤발전기의 운전 정지 시 마이크로그리드 내 계통이 정전이 발생할 수 있어 신뢰도가 낮다.In addition, the hybrid power supply system in which the diesel generator is the main power source has low reliability because the system in the microgrid may cause a power failure when the diesel generator is shut down for fuel saving, noiseless or pollution-free operation.
또한 디젤발전기가 주 전원을 형성하는 하이브리드 전원 공급 시스템은 디젤발전기의 효율이 높은 점에서 운용을 하기 위해 경부하 시 충전하고 중부하 시 방전하며 이에 대한 충방전량을 순시적으로 계산하여야 하는 문제점이 있었다. 특히 이러한 충방전량의 계산에 있어 시각 동기화 및 시간 오차에 있어 부하량 보다 신재생에너지의 발전량이 높아지는 경우 발전기에 역전력이 인가되어 트립되는 원인을 제공할 수 있다.In addition, the hybrid power supply system in which the diesel generator forms the main power source has a problem of charging at light load, discharging at heavy load, and calculating the charge / discharge amount instantaneously in order to operate the diesel generator at high efficiency. . In particular, when the generation amount of renewable energy is higher than the load in time synchronization and time error in calculating the charge and discharge amount, reverse power may be applied to the generator to provide a cause of tripping.
또한 디젤발전기가 주 전원을 형성하는 하이브리드 전원 공급 시스템은 디젤발전기의 주파수 변동 등을 감안할 경우 신재생에너지의 출력을 100% 사용이 어려울 수 있는 단점이 있다.In addition, the hybrid power supply system in which the diesel generator forms the main power has a disadvantage in that it is difficult to use 100% of the output of renewable energy in consideration of the frequency change of the diesel generator.
따라서 본 발명의 목적은 신재생 에너지원이 적용된 시스템의 불안정성을 해소하고, 최적의 전원 공급시스템을 제공하기 위한 독립형 마이크로그리드 운용 시스템을 제공하는 데 있다.Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide an independent microgrid operating system for solving the instability of a system to which a renewable energy source is applied and providing an optimal power supply system.
본 발명에 따른 독립형 마이크로그리드 운용 시스템은 부하에 전원을 공급하여 방전하거나 충전이 가능한 배터리와, 상기 배터리의 충방전을 제어하는 인버터를 포함하는 에너지 저장 장치, 상기 에너지 저장 장치와 연계하여 보조로 부하에 전원을 공급하거나, 상기 에너지 저장 장치를 충전하는 신재생 발전 장치, 상기 에너지 저장 장치와 연계하여 보조로 부하에 전원을 공급하거나, 상기 에너지 저장 장치를 충전하는 디젤 발전 장치를 포함하고, 상기 인버터는 상기 신재생 발전 장치 또는 상기 디젤 발전 장치로부터 발전되는 전력과 부하 전력에 따라, 잉여 전력이 존재할 경우 잉여 전력을 통해 상기 배터리를 충전하고, 잉여 전력이 존재하지 않을 경우 부족 전력을 상기 배터리을 통해 방전하도록 제어하는 것을 특징으로 한다.An independent microgrid operating system according to the present invention is an energy storage device including a battery capable of supplying or discharging or charging a load, an inverter for controlling charging and discharging of the battery, and an auxiliary load in association with the energy storage device. Renewable power generation device for supplying power to or charging the energy storage device, Diesel generator for supplying power to the load in conjunction with the energy storage device, or charging the energy storage device; According to the power and load power generated from the renewable power generation device or the diesel generating device, if the surplus power is present to charge the battery through the surplus power, if there is no surplus power discharges the insufficient power through the battery It characterized in that the control to.
본 발명에 따른 독립형 마이크로그리드 운용 시스템에 있어서, 상기 인버터는, CVCF(Constant Voltage Constant Frequency) 모드로 상기 배터리의 충방전을 제어하는 것을 특징으로 한다.In the independent microgrid operating system according to the present invention, the inverter is characterized in that the charge and discharge of the battery in the CVCF (Constant Voltage Constant Frequency) mode.
본 발명에 따른 독립형 마이크로그리드 운용 시스템에 있어서, 상기 에너지 저장 장치, 상기 신재생 발전 장치 및 상기 디젤 발전 장치와 연결되어, 상기 신재생 발전 장치 및 상기 디젤 발전 장치를 제어하는 PMS를 더 포함하는 것을 특징으로 한다.In the stand-alone microgrid operating system according to the present invention, further comprising a PMS connected to the energy storage device, the renewable power generation device and the diesel power generation device, to control the renewable power generation device and the diesel power generation device. It features.
본 발명에 따른 독립형 마이크로그리드 운용 시스템에 있어서, 상기 PMS는 상기 배터리의 잔존 용량이 기 설정된 값을 초과한 상태에서 잉여 전력이 존재할 경우, 상기 신재생 발전 장치의 출력을 제한하는 것을 특징으로 한다.In the stand-alone microgrid operating system according to the present invention, the PMS limits the output of the renewable power generation apparatus when surplus power exists when the remaining capacity of the battery exceeds a preset value.
본 발명에 따른 독립형 마이크로그리드 운용 시스템에 있어서, 상기 PMS는 상기 배터리의 잔존 용량이 기 설정된 값 미만인 상태에서 잉여 전력이 존재하지 않을 경우, 상기 디젤 발전 장치를 동작시키도록 제어하는 것을 특징으로 한다.In the stand-alone microgrid operating system according to the present invention, the PMS is configured to control the diesel generator to operate when there is no surplus power when the remaining capacity of the battery is less than a preset value.
본 발명에 따른 독립형 마이크로그리드 운용 시스템에 있어서, 상기 PMS는 상기 배터리의 잔존 용량이 기 설정된 값 미만인 상태에서 잉여 전력이 존재 하지 않을 경우 경보 신호를 출력하는 것을 특징으로 한다.In the standalone microgrid operating system according to the present invention, the PMS outputs an alarm signal when there is no surplus power in a state where the remaining capacity of the battery is less than a preset value.
본 발명에 따른 독립형 마이크로그리드 운용 시스템에 있어서, 상기 신재생 에너지 장치는, 풍력 발전 장치 또는 태양광 발전 장치를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 한다.In the standalone microgrid operating system according to the present invention, the renewable energy device is characterized in that it comprises a wind turbine or a photovoltaic generator.
본 발명에 따른 독립형 마이크로그리드 운용 시스템은 부하에 전원을 공급하여 방전하거나 충전이 가능한 배터리와, 상기 배터리의 충방전을 제어하는 인버터를 포함하는 에너지 저장 장치, 상기 에너지 저장 장치와 연계하여 보조로 부하에 전원을 공급하거나, 상기 에너지 저장 장치를 충전하는 신재생 발전 장치, 상기 에너지 저장 장치와 연계하여 보조로 부하에 전원을 공급하거나, 상기 에너지 저장 장치를 충전하는 디젤 발전 장치를 포함하고, 상기 인버터는, 상기 신재생 발전 장치 또는 상기 디젤 발전 장치로부터 발전되는 전력과 부하 전력에 따라, 잉여 전력이 존재할 경우 잉여 전력을 통해 상기 배터리를 충전하고, 잉여 전력이 존재하지 않을 경우 부족 전력을 상기 배터리을 통해 방전하도록 제어하는 것을 특징으로 하고, 상기 에너지 저장 장치는, 서로 직렬로 다단 연결되며, 충방전을 위하여 전력을 변환하여 공급하는 복수의 전력 변환부, 상기 복수의 전력 변화부에 각각 연결되어 전력을 인가받아 충전되거나, 충전된 전력을 공급하는 복수의 배터리, 인접한 전력 변환부의 연결단 사이에 구비되는 복수의 릴레이, 상기 복수의 배터리 중 선택된 배터리에 연결된 전력 변환부 또는 릴레이를 제어하여 상기 선택된 배터리를 바이패스 시키는 제어부를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 한다.An independent microgrid operating system according to the present invention is an energy storage device including a battery capable of supplying or discharging or charging a load, an inverter for controlling charging and discharging of the battery, and an auxiliary load in association with the energy storage device. Renewable power generation device for supplying power to or charging the energy storage device, Diesel generator for supplying power to the load in conjunction with the energy storage device, or charging the energy storage device; According to the power and load power generated from the renewable power generation device or the diesel generating device, when the surplus power is present to charge the battery through the surplus power, if there is no surplus power through the battery Characterized in that the control to discharge, the energy saving The apparatus is connected in series to each other in series, and a plurality of power converters for converting and supplying power for charging and discharging, and a plurality of power converters respectively connected to the plurality of power changers to be charged with power or to supply charged power. And a controller configured to bypass the selected battery by controlling a power converter or a relay connected to a selected battery among the batteries, a plurality of relays provided between the connection ends of the adjacent power converters.
본 발명에 따른 독립형 마이크로그리드 운용 시스템은 에너지 저장 장치를 주 전원으로 형성하고, 에너지 저장 장치가 CVCF 모드로 동작하도록 함으로써, 잉여 전력과 부족 전력에 대하여 자동으로 충방전이 이루어 지도록 하여, PMS를 구동하기 위한 프로그램을 간소화 시키며, 안정적으로 수용가에 전력을 공급할 수 있다.The stand-alone microgrid operating system according to the present invention forms an energy storage device as a main power source and operates the CVCF mode, thereby automatically charging and discharging the surplus power and underpower, thereby driving the PMS. It simplifies the program to do so and can reliably power the consumer.
또한 본 발명에 따른 독립형 마이크로그리드 운용 시스템은 에너지 저장 장치를 주 전원으로 형성하고, 연계 전원으로 PMS를 통해 디젤 발전 장치를 제어함으로써, 디젤 발전 장치의 이용을 최소화 하여 소음 및 환경 문제를 해결할 수 있다.In addition, the stand-alone microgrid operating system according to the present invention can solve the noise and environmental problems by minimizing the use of diesel generators by forming an energy storage device as a main power source and controlling the diesel generator device through PMS as a linked power source. .
또한 본 발명에 따른 독립형 마이크로그리드 운용 시스템은 에너지 저장 장치의 구성에서 전력 변환부를 직렬 연결하고, 인접한 전력 변환부의 연결단 사이에 각각 릴레이를 구비하여, 복수의 배터리 중 선택된 배터리에 연결된 릴레이를 닫힘 상태로 제어하여 선택된 배터리를 바이패스 시킴으로써, 시스템의 정지 없이 활선 상태에서 교체 또는 수리가 가능하여 에너지 효율을 극대화 시킬 수 있다.In addition, the stand-alone microgrid operating system according to the present invention is connected to the power converter in series in the configuration of the energy storage device, and provided with a relay between the connection terminal of the adjacent power converter, respectively, the relay connected to the selected battery of the plurality of batteries closed state By bypassing the selected battery by controlling it, it can be replaced or repaired in the live state without stopping the system to maximize energy efficiency.
도 1은 본 발명에 따른 독립형 마이크로그리드 운용 시스템의 구성을 나타낸 블록도이다.1 is a block diagram showing the configuration of a standalone microgrid operating system according to the present invention.
도 2 내지 도 5는 본 발명에 따른 독립형 마이크로그리드 운용 시스템의 동작 상태를 설명하기 위한 도면이다.2 to 5 are views for explaining the operating state of the stand-alone microgrid operating system according to the present invention.
도 6은 본 발명에 따른 에너지 저장 장치의 구성을 나타낸 블록도이다.6 is a block diagram showing the configuration of an energy storage device according to the present invention.
도 7은 본 발명에 따른 에너지 저장 장치의 구성을 상세히 나타낸 블록도이다.7 is a block diagram showing in detail the configuration of the energy storage device according to the present invention.
도 8은 교류 전력 소스의 한 상에 연결된 본 발명에 따른 에너지 저장 장치의 구성을 상세히 설명하기 위한 결손도이다.8 is a deficiency diagram for explaining in detail the configuration of an energy storage device according to the invention connected to one phase of an alternating current power source.
도 9는 도 8에서 선택된 배터리에 대한 바이패스 제어를 설명하기 위한 예시도이다.FIG. 9 is an exemplary diagram for describing bypass control for the battery selected in FIG. 8.
도 10은 비교예에 따른 에너지 저장 장치의 인버터의 스위치 파형을 나타낸 그래프이다.10 is a graph illustrating a switch waveform of an inverter of an energy storage device according to a comparative example.
도 11은 본 발명의 실시예에 따른 에너지 저장 장치의 인버터의 스위치 파형을 나타낸 그래프이다.11 is a graph illustrating a switch waveform of an inverter of an energy storage device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
하기의 설명에서는 본 발명의 실시예를 이해하는데 필요한 부분만이 설명되며, 그 이외 부분의 설명은 본 발명의 요지를 흩트리지 않도록 생략될 것이라는 것을 유의하여야 한다.In the following description, only parts necessary for understanding the embodiments of the present invention will be described, it should be noted that the description of other parts will be omitted so as not to distract from the gist of the present invention.
이하에서 설명되는 본 명세서 및 청구범위에 사용된 용어나 단어는 통상적이거나 사전적인 의미로 한정해서 해석되어서는 아니 되며, 발명자는 그 자신의 발명을 가장 최선의 방법으로 설명하기 위해 용어의 개념으로 적절하게 정의할 수 있다는 원칙에 입각하여 본 발명의 기술적 사상에 부합하는 의미와 개념으로 해석되어야만 한다. 따라서 본 명세서에 기재된 실시예와 도면에 도시된 구성은 본 발명의 바람직한 실시예에 불과할 뿐이고, 본 발명의 기술적 사상을 모두 대변하는 것은 아니므로, 본 출원시점에 있어서 이들을 대체할 수 있는 다양한 균등물과 변형예들이 있을 수 있음을 이해하여야 한다.The terms or words used in the specification and claims described below should not be construed as being limited to the ordinary or dictionary meanings, and the inventors are appropriate to the concept of terms in order to explain their invention in the best way. It should be interpreted as meanings and concepts in accordance with the technical spirit of the present invention based on the principle that it can be defined. Therefore, the embodiments described in the present specification and the configuration shown in the drawings are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not represent all of the technical idea of the present invention, and various equivalents may be substituted for them at the time of the present application. It should be understood that there may be variations and variations.
이하, 첨부된 도면을 참조하여 본 발명의 실시예를 보다 상세하게 설명하고자 한다.Hereinafter, with reference to the accompanying drawings will be described in detail an embodiment of the present invention.
도 1은 본 발명에 따른 독립형 마이크로그리드 운용 시스템의 구성을 나타낸 블록도이고, 도 2 내지 도 5는 본 발명에 따른 독립형 마이크로그리드 운용 시스템의 동작 상태를 설명하기 위한 도면이다.1 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a standalone microgrid operating system according to the present invention, and FIGS. 2 to 5 are diagrams for describing an operating state of the standalone microgrid operating system according to the present invention.
도 1 내지 도 5를 참조하면, 본 발명에 따른 독립형 마이크로그리드 운용 시스템(200)은 에너지 저장 장치(100), 신재생 발전 장치(20) 및 디젤 발전 장치(30)를 포함한다. 또한 독립형 마이크로그리드 운용 시스템(200)은 신재생 발전 장치(20) 및 디젤 발전 장치(30)를 제어하는 PMS(40)를 더 포함할 수 있다.1 to 5, the standalone microgrid operating system 200 according to the present invention includes an energy storage device 100, a renewable energy generation device 20, and a diesel power generation device 30. In addition, the standalone microgrid operating system 200 may further include a PMS 40 for controlling the renewable power generation device 20 and the diesel power generation device 30.
에너지 저장 장치(100)는 부하에 전원을 공급하여 방전하거나 충전이 가능한 배터리(110)와, 배터리(110)의 충방전을 제어하는 인버터를 포함한다.The energy storage device 100 includes a battery 110 capable of discharging or charging by supplying power to a load, and an inverter for controlling charging and discharging of the battery 110.
여기서 인버터(121)는 신재생 발전 장치(20) 또는 디젤 발전 장치(30)로부터 발전되는 전력과 부하에 전력에 따라, 잉여 전력이 존재할 경우 잉여 전력을 통해 배터리(110)를 충전하고, 잉여 전력이 존재하지 않을 경우 부족 전력을 배터리(110)를 통해 방전하도록 할 수 있다.Here, the inverter 121 charges the battery 110 through the surplus power when surplus power exists, depending on the power generated from the renewable power generation device 20 or the diesel generator 30 and the load. If not present, the insufficient power may be discharged through the battery 110.
즉 에너지 저장 장치(100)는 도 2에 도시된 바와 같이, 배터리(110)의 잔존 용량(SOC : State of Charge)을 측정하고, 배터리(110)의 잔존 용량이 기 설정된 범위 안에 속할 때, 잉여 출력(MP)이 존재할 경우, 잉여 출력(MP)을 통해 에너지 저장 장치(100)를 충전할 수 있다. 예컨데 기 설정된 배터리(110)의 잔존 용량범위는 상한치(SOC_UL)90%, 하한치(SOC_DL)20% 로 설정될 수 있다. 잉여 출력(MP)은 신재생 발전 장치(20)의 발전량(RP)과 디젤 발전 장치(30)의 발전량(D)을 합하고, 부하 전력과의 차이를 통해 산출할 수 있다.That is, the energy storage device 100 measures the state of charge (SOC) of the battery 110, as shown in FIG. 2, and when the remaining capacity of the battery 110 is within a preset range, surplus When the output MP is present, the energy storage device 100 may be charged through the surplus output MP. For example, the remaining capacity range of the preset battery 110 may be set to 90% of the upper limit SOC_UL and 20% of the lower limit SOC_DL. The surplus output MP adds the power generation amount RP of the renewable energy generation device 20 and the power generation amount D of the diesel power generation device 30, and may be calculated through a difference with the load power.
또한 에너지 저장 장치(100)는 도 3에 도시된 바와 같이, 배터리(110)의 잔존 용량을 측정하고, 배터리(110)의 잔존 용량이 기 설정된 범위 안에 속할 때, 잉여 출력(MP)이 존재하지 않을 경우, 부족 전력에 대하여 방전할 수 있다.In addition, as shown in FIG. 3, the energy storage device 100 measures the remaining capacity of the battery 110, and when the remaining capacity of the battery 110 is within a preset range, there is no surplus output MP. If not, it can discharge against underpower.
이러한 인버터(121)는 CVCF(Constant Voltage Constant Frequency) 모드로 배터리(110)의 충방전을 제어할 수 있다. 즉 본 발명에 따른 에너지 저장 장치(100)는 인버터가 계통의 전압과 주파수를 일정하게 제어하는 CVCF 모드로 동작하도록 함으로써, PMS(40)의 제어 없이도 개별적으로 자동 제어 가능하도록 하며, 주 전원으로 사용될 수 있다.The inverter 121 may control charge and discharge of the battery 110 in a constant voltage constant frequency (CVCF) mode. That is, the energy storage device 100 according to the present invention allows the inverter to operate in a CVCF mode in which the voltage and frequency of the grid are constantly controlled, so that they can be automatically controlled individually without the control of the PMS 40 and used as a main power source. Can be.
이에 따라 본 발명에 따른 독립형 마이크로그리드 운용 시스템(200)은 에너지 저장 장치(100)를 주 전원으로 형성하고, 에너지 저장 장치(100)가 CVCF 모드로 동작하도록 함으로써, 잉여 전력과 부족 전력에 대하여 자동으로 충방전이 이루어 지도록 하여, PMS(40)를 구동하기 위한 프로그램을 간소화 시키며, 안정적으로 변압기(50)를 통해 수용가(60)에 전력을 공급할 수 있다.Accordingly, the standalone microgrid operating system 200 according to the present invention forms the energy storage device 100 as a main power source, and allows the energy storage device 100 to operate in a CVCF mode, thereby automatically controlling surplus power and insufficient power. By charging and discharging is made, to simplify the program for driving the PMS 40, it is possible to stably supply power to the customer 60 through the transformer 50.
에너지 저장 장치(100)에 대한 상세한 구성은 후술하도록 한다.Detailed configuration of the energy storage device 100 will be described later.
신재생 에너지 장치(20)는 에너지 저장 장치(100)와 연계하여 보조로 부하에 전원을 공급하거나, 에너지 저장 장치를 충전한다.The renewable energy device 20 supplies power to the load or charges the energy storage device in an assisting manner in association with the energy storage device 100.
이러한 신재생 에너지 장치(20)는 풍력 발전 장치 또는 태양광 발전 장치를 포함할 수 있다. 이러한 신재생 에너지 장치(20)는 발전되는 전력과 부하 전력에 따라 잉여 전력이 존재할 경우, 잉여 전력을 통해 에너지 저장 장치(100)의 배터리(110)를 충전할 수 있다. 이러한 신재생 에너지 장치(20)는 연계형 인버터(21)를 포함할 수 있으며, 이러한 연계형 인버터(21)는 MPPT 제어 모드와 출력 제한 모드로 운전이 가능할 수 있다.The renewable energy device 20 may include a wind turbine or a photovoltaic device. The renewable energy device 20 may charge the battery 110 of the energy storage device 100 through the surplus power when surplus power exists according to the generated power and the load power. The renewable energy device 20 may include an associated inverter 21, and the associated inverter 21 may be operated in an MPPT control mode and an output limit mode.
디젤 발전 장치(30)는 에너지 저장 장치(100)와 연계하여 보조로 부하에 전원을 공급하거나, 에너지 저장 장치를 충전한다. 즉 디젤 발전 장치(30)는 평상시에는 정지해 있지만 에너지 저장 장치(100)의 배터리(110)리 잔존 용량과 잉여 전력 존재 여부에 따라 PMS(40)의 제어 하에 에너지 저장 장치(100)의 충전용으로 운전하거나 전압원으로 운용될 수 있다.The diesel generator 30 is supplied in cooperation with the energy storage device 100 to supply power to the load or to charge the energy storage device. That is, the diesel generator 30 is normally stopped, but for charging the energy storage device 100 under the control of the PMS 40 according to the remaining capacity of the battery 110 and the presence of surplus power of the energy storage device 100. Can be operated or operated as a voltage source.
PMS(40)는 에너지 저장 장치(100), 신재생 발전 장치(20) 및 디젤 발전 장치(30)와 연결되어 모니터링 하고, 신재생 발전 장치(20) 및 디젤 발전 장치(30)를 제어할 수 있다.The PMS 40 may be connected to the energy storage device 100, the renewable power generation device 20, and the diesel power generation device 30 to monitor and control the renewable power generation device 20 and the diesel power generation device 30. have.
이러한 PMS(40)는 도 4에 도시된 바와 같이, 에너지 저장 장치(100)의 배터리(110)의 잔존 용량이 기 설정된 값을 초과한 상태에서 잉여 전력이 존재할 경우, 과충전을 보호하기 위하여 신재생 발전 장치(20)의 출력을 제한할 수 있다. 예컨데 신재생 발전 장치(20)가 풍력 발전 장치와, 태양광 발전 장치일 경우, 각각의 출력 제한율을 하기의 수학식 1과 같이 조절할 수 있다.As shown in FIG. 4, when the surplus power exists when the remaining capacity of the battery 110 of the energy storage device 100 exceeds a preset value, as shown in FIG. The output of the power generation device 20 can be limited. For example, when the renewable power generation device 20 is a wind power generation device and a photovoltaic power generation device, each output limit may be adjusted as in Equation 1 below.
[수학식 1][Equation 1]
풍력 출력 제한율(WLP) = W*(1-MP/RP)*100/풍력용량Wind power limit (WLP) = W * (1-MP / RP) * 100 / wind capacity
태양광 출력 제한율(PLP) = P*(1-MP/RP)*100/태양광용량PV output limit (PLP) = P * (1-MP / RP) * 100 / solar capacity
(여기서 W, P는 각 발전 장치의 출력, MP는 잉여출력, RP는 신재생 에너지 장치의 출력)(W, P is the output of each power generation unit, MP is the surplus output, RP is the output of renewable energy devices)
또한 PMS(40)는 도 5에 도시된 바와 같이, 에너지 저장 장치(100)의 배터리(110)의 잔존 용량이 기 설정된 값 미만인 상태에서 잉여 전력이 존재하지 않을 경우, 디젤 발전 장치(30)를 동작시키도록 제어한다.In addition, as shown in FIG. 5, when there is no surplus power in a state where the remaining capacity of the battery 110 of the energy storage device 100 is less than a preset value, the PMS 40 turns off the diesel generator 30. Control to operate.
여기서 PMS(40)는 배터리(110)의 잔존 용량이 기 설정된 값 미만인 상태에서 잉여 전력이 존재하지 않을 경우 경보 신호를 출력할 수 있다. 여기서 경보 신호는 경보음 또는 경광등이 될 수 있다.Here, the PMS 40 may output an alarm signal when there is no surplus power in a state where the remaining capacity of the battery 110 is less than a preset value. The alarm signal may be an alarm sound or a warning light.
이하 본 발명에 따른 에너지 저장 장치(100)의 구성에 대하여 상세히 설명하도록 한다.Hereinafter, the configuration of the energy storage device 100 according to the present invention will be described in detail.
도 6은 본 발명에 따른 에너지 저장 장치의 구성을 나타낸 블록도이고, 도 7은 본 발명에 따른 에너지 저장 장치의 구성을 상세히 나타낸 블록도이다.6 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the energy storage device according to the present invention, Figure 7 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the energy storage device according to the invention in detail.
에너지 저장 장치(100)는 복수로 구비되며, 교류 전력 소스(10)의 각 상으로부터 교류 전력을 제공받는다. 여기서 에너지 저장 장치(100)는 일단이 교류 전력 소스(10)의 각 상으로부터 연결되며, 타단이 인접한 에너지 저장 장치(100)와 서로 연결될 수 있다.The energy storage device 100 is provided in plurality, and receives AC power from each phase of the AC power source 10. Here, one end of the energy storage device 100 may be connected to each phase of the AC power source 10, and the other end thereof may be connected to the adjacent energy storage device 100.
즉 에너지 저장 장치(100)는 교류 전력 소스(10)와 연계되고, 교류 전력 소스(10)로부터 전달되는 AC 전력을 DC 전력으로 전환하여 충전하거나, 저장되어 있는 DC 전력을 AC 전력으로 전환하여 교류 전력 소스(10)에 제공한다.That is, the energy storage device 100 is connected to the AC power source 10 and converts AC power transferred from the AC power source 10 into DC power to charge or converts stored DC power into AC power to AC To the power source 10.
예컨데 교류 전력 소스(10) 각 상당 10개의 배터리(110)를 구비한 에너지 저장 장치(100)로 3상 전원 전체를 쓸 경우 30개의 배터리(110)를 충전할 수 있는 구조로 구성된다.For example, the energy storage device 100 having 10 batteries 110 corresponding to each of the AC power sources 10 is configured to charge 30 batteries 110 when the entire three-phase power source is used.
이러한 에너지 저장 장치(100)는 전력 변환부(120), 배터리(110), 릴레이(130) 및 제어부(140)를 포함한다.The energy storage device 100 includes a power converter 120, a battery 110, a relay 130, and a controller 140.
전력 변환부(120)는 교류 전력 소스(10)와 연결되어 서로 직렬로 다단 연결되며, 충방전을 위하여 전력을 변환하여 배터리(110)로 공급한다. 즉 전력 변환부(120)는 최초 교류 전력 소스(10)로부터 전력을 제공받고, 서로 직렬로 다단 연결되며, 교류 전력 소스(10)의 각 상에 에너지 저장 장치(100)가 복수로 연결될 경우, 말단에 위치한 전력 변환부가 인접한 에너지 저장 장치에 구비된 전력 변환부의 말단에 연결될 수 있다.The power converter 120 is connected to the AC power source 10 and connected in series to each other, and supplies power to the battery 110 by converting power for charging and discharging. That is, when the power converter 120 receives power from the first AC power source 10, is connected in series to each other, and the energy storage device 100 is connected in plural to each of the AC power sources 10, The power converter located at the end may be connected to the end of the power converter provided in the adjacent energy storage device.
이러한 전력 변환부(120)는 교류 전력 소스(10)로부터 전달받은 AC 전력을 충전이 가능한 DC 전력 형태로 변환하여 배터리(110)에 제공할 수 있다.The power converter 120 may convert the AC power received from the AC power source 10 into a form of DC power that can be charged and provide the same to the battery 110.
또한 전력 변환부(120)는 배터리(110)로부터 방전되는 DC 전력을 AC 전력 형태로 변환하여 교류 전력 소스(10)에 제공할 수 있다.In addition, the power converter 120 may convert the DC power discharged from the battery 110 into AC power and provide the AC power to the AC power source 10.
배터리(110)는 교류 전력 소스(10)로부터 공급되는 AC 전력을 전력 변환부(120)를 거쳐 DC 전력 형태로 충전할 수 있다. 또한 배터리(110)는 충전된 DC 전력을 전력 변환부(120)를 통해 AC 전력 형태로 교류 전력 소스(10)에 충전된 전력을 공급할 수 있다.The battery 110 may charge AC power supplied from the AC power source 10 in the form of DC power via the power converter 120. In addition, the battery 110 may supply the charged DC power to the AC power source 10 in the form of AC power through the power converter 120.
이러한 배터리(110)는 충방전이 가능한 다양한 배터리가 사용될 수 있다. 예컨데 배터리(110)는 니켈-카드뮴 전지(nickel-cadmium battery), 납 축전지, 니켈-수소 전지(NiMH: nickel metal hydride battey), 리튬 이온 전지(lithium battery), 리튬 폴리머 전지(lithium polymer battery) 등을 포함할 수 있으나 이에 한정된 것은 아니다.The battery 110 may be used a variety of batteries capable of charging and discharging. For example, the battery 110 may be a nickel-cadmium battery, a lead storage battery, a nickel metal hydride battey (NiMH), a lithium ion battery, a lithium polymer battery, or the like. It may include, but is not limited to.
릴레이(130)는 입력이 일정 값에 도달하였을 때 작동하여 회로를 개폐하는 장치로 인접한 전력 변환부(120)의 연결단 사이에 각각 복수로 구비될 수 있다. 여기서 릴레이(130)는 교류 전력 소스(10)의 입력단과, 교류 전력 소스(10)와 연결된 최초 전력 변환부 및 최초 전력 변환부와 인접한 전력 변환부의 연결단에 최초 구비된다. 그리고 릴레이(130)는 인접한 전력 변환부 사이에 각각 구비되고, 최말단에 위치한 릴레이(130)는 인접한 에너지 저장 장치(100)와의 연결단 사이에 구비될 수 있다.The relay 130 is a device that operates when the input reaches a predetermined value to open and close the circuit, and may be provided in plurality between connection terminals of adjacent power converters 120. In this case, the relay 130 is initially provided at an input terminal of the AC power source 10, an initial power converter connected to the AC power source 10, and a connection terminal of the power converter adjacent to the initial power converter. In addition, the relays 130 may be provided between adjacent power converters, respectively, and the relay 130 located at the end thereof may be provided between the connection ends with the adjacent energy storage device 100.
이러한 릴레이(130)는 제어부(140)의 제어하에 일반 모드에서 열림 상태로 유지될 수 있으며, 선택된 배터리(110)에 해당하는 릴레이(130)가 닫힘 상태로 제어된다.The relay 130 may be maintained in the open state in the normal mode under the control of the controller 140, and the relay 130 corresponding to the selected battery 110 is controlled to the closed state.
예컨데 배터리 11 또는 전력 변환부 11의 교체 또는 수리가 필요한 경우, 릴레이 11(R11)이 닫힘 상태로 제어되고, 배터리 12 또는 전력 변환부 12의 교체 또는 수리가 필요한 경우, 릴레이 12(R12)가 닫힘 상태로 제어될 수 있다.For example, if the battery 11 or the power converter 11 needs to be replaced or repaired, the relay 11 (R11) is controlled in the closed state, and if the battery 12 or the power converter 12 needs to be replaced or repaired, the relay 12 (R12) is closed. State can be controlled.
이에 따라, 교체 또는 수리가 필요한 배터리(110) 또는 전력 변환부(120)에 대하여 바이패스 상태가 되기 때문에, 전체 시스템을 정지하지 않고도 활선 상태에서 해당 배터리(110) 또는 전력 변환부(120)의 교체 또는 수리가 가능하다.Accordingly, the battery 110 or the power converter 120 needs to be replaced or repaired, thereby bypassing the entire system, and thus, the battery 110 or the power converter 120 may be moved in a live state without stopping the entire system. Replacement or repair is possible.
제어부(140)는 사용자의 입력에 따라 일반 모드에서 복수의 릴레이(130)를 열림 상태로 제어하고, 복수의 배터리(110) 중 사용자에 의해 선택된 배터리(110)에 연결된 릴레이를 닫힘 상태로 제어할 수 있다.The controller 140 controls the plurality of relays 130 to the open state in the normal mode according to the user input, and controls the relays connected to the battery 110 selected by the user from the plurality of batteries 110 to the closed state. Can be.
즉 제어부(140)는 사용자에 의해 교체 또는 수리가 필요한 배터리(110)에 해당하는 릴레이(130)를 닫힘 상태로 제어하여 교체 또는 수리가 필요한 배터리(110)를 바이패스 시킴으로써 전체 시스템을 정지하지 않고도 활선 상태에서 해당 배터리(110) 또는 전력 변환부(120)의 교체 또는 수리가 가능하도록 할 수 있다.That is, the controller 140 controls the relay 130 corresponding to the battery 110 that needs to be replaced or repaired by the user to the closed state, thereby bypassing the battery 110 that needs to be replaced or repaired without stopping the entire system. In the live state, the battery 110 or the power converter 120 may be replaced or repaired.
여기서 제어부(140)는 인버터가 독립형일 경우 바이패스를 위한 교류 전력 소스(10)의 제어 전압을 하기의 수학식 1로 하여 제어할 수 있다.Herein, when the inverter is a stand-alone type, the controller 140 may control the control voltage of the AC power source 10 for bypassing by Equation 1 below.
[수학식 1][Equation 1]
(여기서 n은 배터리의 개수)Where n is the number of batteries
또한 제어부(140)는 인버터가 연계형일 경우 바이패스를 위한 교류 전력 소스(10)의 제어 전류를 하기의 수학식 2로 하여 제어할 수 있다.In addition, the controller 140 may control the control current of the AC power source 10 for bypass when the inverter is linked to the following equation (2).
[수학식 2][Equation 2]
(여기서 n은 배터리의 개수)Where n is the number of batteries
이하 본 발명에 따른 에너지 저장 장치의 구성에 대하여 더욱 상세히 설명하도록 한다.Hereinafter, the configuration of the energy storage device according to the present invention will be described in more detail.
도 8은 교류 전력 소스의 한 상에 연결된 본 발명에 따른 에너지 저장 장치의 구성을 상세히 설명하기 위한 결손도이다. 여기서 도 8은 전력 변환부(120)의 구성을 상세히 설명하기 위한 도면으로, R 상에 세개의 인버터(121-1, 121-2, 121-3)이 각각 다단 연결되며, 각 인버터(121-1, 121-2, 121-3)에 세개의 배터리가 각각 연결된 상태를 나타낸 예시도이다.8 is a deficiency diagram for explaining in detail the configuration of an energy storage device according to the invention connected to one phase of an alternating current power source. 8 is a view for explaining the configuration of the power converter 120 in detail, three inverters 121-1, 121-2, 121-3 are connected in multiple stages on R, each inverter 121- 1, 121-2, and 121-3 are exemplary views showing a state in which three batteries are connected to each other.
도 8을 참조하면, 본 발명에 따른 전력 변환부(120)는 최초 교류 전력 소스(10)와 연결되고, 서로 직렬로 다단 연결되는 복수의 인버터(121)와, 일측이 복수의 인버터(121)와 각각 연결되고, 타측이 복수의 배터리(110)와 각각 연결되는 복수의 양방향 컨버터(122)를 포함한다.Referring to FIG. 8, the power converter 120 according to the present invention is connected to an initial AC power source 10, a plurality of inverters 121 connected in series to each other, and one side of the plurality of inverters 121. And a plurality of bidirectional converters 122 connected to each other and connected to the plurality of batteries 110, respectively.
여기서 복수의 인버터(121)와 복수의 양방향 컨버터(122)는 각각 퓨즈(123)를 통해서 연결될 수 있다.Here, the plurality of inverters 121 and the plurality of bidirectional converters 122 may be connected through the fuses 123, respectively.
퓨즈(123)는 복수의 배터리(110)에서 각각 발생할 수 있는 규정 값 이상의 단락 전류 및 과부하 전류가 흐를 경우 전류에 의해 발생하는 열로 인해 끊어지며 자동적으로 과전류를 차단한다.The fuse 123 is cut off due to the heat generated by the current when the short-circuit current and the overload current flows over a predetermined value that may occur in each of the plurality of batteries 110, and automatically cuts off the overcurrent.
인버터(121)는 서로 직렬 연결된 제1 및 제2 스위치와, 제1 및 제2 스위치와 병렬 연결된 제3 및 제4 스위치를 포함하여 구성될 수 있다. 예컨데 제1 인버터(121-1)은 서로 직렬 연결된 S1 및 S2와, S1 및 S2와 병렬 연결된 S3 및 S4를 포함하며, 제2 인버터(121-2)는 서로 직렬 연결된 S5 및 S6와, S5 및 S6와 병렬 연결된 S7 및 S8을 포함하여 구성될 수 있다.The inverter 121 may include first and second switches connected in series with each other, and third and fourth switches connected in parallel with the first and second switches. For example, the first inverter 121-1 includes S1 and S2 connected in series with each other, S3 and S4 connected in parallel with S1 and S2, and the second inverter 121-2 includes S5 and S6 connected in series with each other, S5 and It may be configured to include S7 and S8 connected in parallel with S6.
이러한 인버터(121)는 최초 인버터가 교류 전력 소스와 연결되고, 전단에 위치하는 인버터의 제3 및 제4 스위치의 연결단과, 후단에 위치하는 인버터의 제1 및 제2 스위치의 연결단이 연결되어 직렬로 서로 다단 연결될 수 있다. 예컨데 제1 인버터(121-1)의 S3 및 S4의 연결단이 제2 인버터(121-2)의 S5 및 S6에 연결될 수 있다.The inverter 121 has an initial inverter connected to an AC power source, a connection end of third and fourth switches of the inverter located at the front end, and a connection end of the first and second switches of the inverter located at the rear end thereof. Can be connected in series with each other in series. For example, the connection terminals of S3 and S4 of the first inverter 121-1 may be connected to S5 and S6 of the second inverter 121-2.
이에 따라 인버터(121)는 복수의 독립된 전원을 요구하는 회로를 단일 입력 전원단 즉 교류 전력 소스(10) 하나로 구성할 수 있다.Accordingly, the inverter 121 may configure a circuit requiring a plurality of independent power sources into a single input power terminal, that is, an AC power source 10.
여기서 릴레이(130)는 전단에 위치하는 인버터(121)의 제3 및 제4 스위치의 연결단과, 후단에 위치하는 인버터(121)의 제1 및 제2 스위치의 연결단 사이에 구비될 수 있다. 예컨데 제1 인버터(121-1)의 S3 및 S4의 연결단이 제2 인버터(121-2)의 S5 및 S6에 연결단에 연결되고, 제2 인버터(121-2)의 S7 및 S8의 연결단이 제3 인버터(121-3)의 S9 및 S10의 연결단에 연결될 경우, 릴레이(130)는 각 연결단 사이에 구비될 수 있다. 즉 R12를 닫힘 상태로 제어할 경우, 제1 인버터(121-1)로부터 전달되는 전력은 제3 인버터(121-3)로 바이패스 제어될 수 있다. 이에 따라 시스템을 정지하지 않고도 R12의 닫힘 상태 제어로 활선 상태에서 배터리12, 제2 컨버터(122-2) 또는 제2 인버터(121-2)의 수리 또는 교체가 가능하다.The relay 130 may be provided between the connection ends of the third and fourth switches of the inverter 121 located at the front end and the connection ends of the first and second switches of the inverter 121 located at the rear end. For example, the connection terminals S3 and S4 of the first inverter 121-1 are connected to the connection terminals S5 and S6 of the second inverter 121-2, and the connection of S7 and S8 of the second inverter 121-2 is performed. When the stage is connected to the connection terminals of S9 and S10 of the third inverter 121-3, the relay 130 may be provided between the connection terminals. That is, when controlling R12 to the closed state, the power transferred from the first inverter 121-1 may be bypassed to the third inverter 121-3. Accordingly, the battery 12, the second converter 122-2 or the second inverter 121-2 may be repaired or replaced in the live state by controlling the closed state of R12 without stopping the system.
즉 사용자에 의해 교체 또는 수리가 필요한 배터리(110)에 해당하는 릴레이(130)를 닫힘 상태로 제어하여 교체 또는 수리가 필요한 배터리(110)의 인버터(121)를 바이패스 시킴으로써 전체 시스템을 정지하지 않고도 활선 상태에서 해당 배터리(110) 또는 전력 변환부(120)의 교체 또는 수리가 가능하도록 할 수 있다.That is, by controlling the relay 130 corresponding to the battery 110 that needs to be replaced or repaired by the user in the closed state, bypassing the inverter 121 of the battery 110 that needs to be replaced or repaired without stopping the entire system. In the live state, the battery 110 or the power converter 120 may be replaced or repaired.
양방향 컨버터(122)는 배터리(110)의 충방전을 제어하기 위하여 배러티(110)와 인버터(121) 사이에 구비된다. 이러한 양방향 컨버터(122)는 배터리(110)와 인버터(121) 사이에서 전원 전압의 극성은 변하지 않고 그대로 유지하면서 양방향으로 전력의 흐름을 제어하기 위해 전류의 방향을 양방향으로 제어한다.The bidirectional converter 122 is provided between the varieties 110 and the inverter 121 to control charge and discharge of the battery 110. The bi-directional converter 122 controls the direction of the current in both directions to control the flow of power in both directions while maintaining the polarity of the power supply voltage unchanged between the battery 110 and the inverter 121.
도 9는 도 8에서 선택된 배터리에 대한 바이패스 제어를 설명하기 위한 예시도이다.FIG. 9 is an exemplary diagram for describing bypass control for the battery selected in FIG. 8.
도 9를 참조하면, 사용자에 의해 배터리 12가 선택된 경우, 제어부는 제2 인버터(121-2)의 S5와 S7을 닫힘 상태로 제어하고, S6 및 S8을 열림 상태로 제어하여 제2 인버터(121-2)를 통해 배터리 12를 거치지 않고 바이패스 되도록 제어할 수 있다. 즉 배터리 12만의 교체 또는 수리를 필요로 할 경우, 제2 인버터(121-2)의 스위치 제어만으로 바이패스 제어를 수행할 수 있다. 하지만 이에 한정된 것은 아니고, 제2 인버터(121-2)의 S5와 S7을 닫힘 상태로 제어하고, S6 및 S8을 열림 상태로 제어한 후 제2 릴레이(R12)를 닫힘 상태로 제어하여 바이패스 제어를 수행할 수 있다.Referring to FIG. 9, when the battery 12 is selected by the user, the controller controls S5 and S7 of the second inverter 121-2 in the closed state, and controls S6 and S8 in the open state to control the second inverter 121. -2) can be bypassed to bypass the battery 12. That is, when only the battery 12 needs to be replaced or repaired, bypass control may be performed only by the switch control of the second inverter 121-2. However, the present invention is not limited thereto. By controlling S5 and S7 of the second inverter 121-2 in the closed state, controlling S6 and S8 in the open state, controlling the second relay R12 in the closed state and controlling the bypass. Can be performed.
또한 제2 인버터(121-2)의 수리 또는 교체가 필요한 경우, 제2 릴레이(R12)를 닫힘 상태로 제어하여 바이패스 제어를 수행할 수 있다.In addition, when the repair or replacement of the second inverter 121-2 is required, the bypass control may be performed by controlling the second relay R12 in the closed state.
도 10은 비교예에 따른 에너지 저장 장치의 인버터의 스위치 파형을 나타낸 그래프이고, 도 11은 본 발명의 실시예에 따른 에너지 저장 장치의 인버터의 스위치 파형을 나타낸 그래프이다.FIG. 10 is a graph showing a switch waveform of an inverter of an energy storage device according to a comparative example, and FIG. 11 is a graph showing a switch waveform of an inverter of an energy storage device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
한편 본 발명의 실시예에 따른 제어부는 복수의 배터리의 개수에 따라 인버터를 제어하여 위상 변위각을 제어할 수 있다.Meanwhile, the control unit according to the embodiment of the present invention may control the phase shift angle by controlling the inverter according to the number of batteries.
예컨데 제어부는 하기의 수학식 3을 통해 위상 변위각을 제어할 수 있다.For example, the controller may control the phase shift angle through Equation 3 below.
[수학식 3][Equation 3]
(여기서 n은 배터리의 개수)Where n is the number of batteries
한편 비교예에 따른 배터리 시스템을 교류 전력 소스의 단상으로부터 한개의 인버터와 한개의 배터리로 구성하고, 본 발명의 실시예에 따른 에너지 저장 장치를 교류 전력 소스의 단상으로부터 직렬로 다단 연결된 세개의 인버터와 세개의 배터리로 구성하여 스위칭 파형을 비교한 결과, 도 5에 도시된 바와 같이, 비교예는 2레벨 단상 인버터 스위칭 파형을 나타내고 있으며, 도 6에 도시된 바와 같이, 실시예는 5레벨 단상 인버터 스위칭 파형을 나타내고 있다. 즉, 실시예는 비교예와 대비하여 스위칭 파형이 Sine 파형, 즉 AC 파형과 유사하게 되어 필터 리액터를 줄일 수 있는 것으로 확인되었으며, 이를 가정하여 보면, 10레벨일 경우에는 더욱더 리액터 사이즈를 줄일 수 있는 것으로 확인되었다.On the other hand, the battery system according to the comparative example is composed of one inverter and one battery from the single phase of the AC power source, the energy storage device according to an embodiment of the present invention and three inverters connected in series from the single phase of the AC power source and As a result of comparing the switching waveforms composed of three batteries, as shown in FIG. 5, the comparative example shows a two-level single-phase inverter switching waveform. As shown in FIG. 6, the embodiment shows a five-level single-phase inverter switching. The waveform is shown. That is, the embodiment has been confirmed that the switching waveform is similar to the sine waveform, that is, the AC waveform in comparison with the comparative example can reduce the filter reactor, assuming that the reactor size can be further reduced in the case of 10 levels It was confirmed that.
이에 따라 본 발명에 따른 에너지 저장 장치는 배터리의 개수에 따라 위상 변이각을 조절하여 인버터의 리액터 사이즈를 줄여 고전력 밀도화를 구현할 수 있다.Accordingly, the energy storage device according to the present invention can realize high power density by reducing the reactor size of the inverter by adjusting the phase shift angle according to the number of batteries.
한편, 본 도면에 개시된 실시예는 이해를 돕기 위해 특정 예를 제시한 것에 지나지 않으며, 본 발명의 범위를 한정하고자 하는 것은 아니다. 여기에 개시된 실시예 이외에도 본 발명의 기술적 사상에 바탕을 둔 다른 변형예들이 실시 가능하다는 것은, 본 발명이 속하는 기술분야에서 통상의 지식을 가진 자에게는 자명한 것이다.On the other hand, the embodiments disclosed in the drawings are merely presented specific examples to aid understanding, and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that other modifications based on the technical idea of the present invention can be carried out in addition to the embodiments disclosed herein.
Claims (8)
- 부하에 전원을 공급하여 방전하거나 충전이 가능한 배터리와, 상기 배터리의 충방전을 제어하는 인버터를 포함하는 에너지 저장 장치;An energy storage device including a battery capable of discharging or charging by supplying power to a load, and an inverter for controlling charging and discharging of the battery;상기 에너지 저장 장치와 연계하여 보조로 부하에 전원을 공급하거나, 상기 에너지 저장 장치를 충전하는 신재생 발전 장치;Renewable power generation unit for supplying power to the load in conjunction with the energy storage device, or charging the energy storage device;상기 에너지 저장 장치와 연계하여 보조로 부하에 전원을 공급하거나, 상기 에너지 저장 장치를 충전하는 디젤 발전 장치; 를 포함하고,A diesel generator that supplies power to the load or charges the energy storage device in association with the energy storage device; Including,상기 인버터는,The inverter,상기 신재생 발전 장치 또는 상기 디젤 발전 장치로부터 발전되는 전력과 부하 전력에 따라, 잉여 전력이 존재할 경우 잉여 전력을 통해 상기 배터리를 충전하고, 잉여 전력이 존재하지 않을 경우 부족 전력을 상기 배터리을 통해 방전하도록 제어하는 것을 특징으로 하는 독립형 마이크로그리드 운용 시스템.According to the electric power and load power generated from the renewable energy generation device or the diesel power generation device, if the surplus power is present to charge the battery through the surplus power, if there is no surplus power to discharge the insufficient power through the battery Standalone microgrid operating system, characterized in that for controlling.
- 제1항에 있어서,The method of claim 1,상기 인버터는,The inverter,CVCF(Constant Voltage Constant Frequency) 모드로 상기 배터리의 충방전을 제어하는 것을 특징으로 하는 독립형 마이크로그리드 운용 시스템.Independent microgrid operating system characterized in that for controlling the charge and discharge of the battery in a constant voltage constant frequency (CCFF) mode.
- 제2항에 있어서,The method of claim 2,상기 에너지 저장 장치, 상기 신재생 발전 장치 및 상기 디젤 발전 장치와 연결되어, 상기 신재생 발전 장치 및 상기 디젤 발전 장치를 제어하는 PMS;A PMS connected to the energy storage device, the renewable power generator and the diesel generator, and controlling the renewable power generator and the diesel generator;를 더 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 독립형 마이크로 그리드 운용 시스템.Stand-alone micro grid operating system, characterized in that it further comprises.
- 제3항에 있어서,The method of claim 3,상기 PMS는,The PMS,상기 배터리의 잔존 용량이 기 설정된 값을 초과한 상태에서 잉여 전력이 존재할 경우, 상기 신재생 발전 장치의 출력을 제한하는 것을 특징으로 하는 독립형 마이크로그리드 운용 시스템.Independent microgrid operating system, characterized in that for limiting the output of the renewable power generation device when there is surplus power in the state that the remaining capacity of the battery exceeds a predetermined value.
- 제3항에 있어서,The method of claim 3,상기 PMS는,The PMS,상기 배터리의 잔존 용량이 기 설정된 값 미만인 상태에서 잉여 전력이 존재하지 않을 경우, 상기 디젤 발전 장치를 동작시키도록 제어하는 것을 특징으로 하는 독립형 마이크로그리드 운용 시스템.And operating the diesel generator when there is no surplus power when the remaining capacity of the battery is less than a predetermined value.
- 제3항에 있어서,The method of claim 3,상기 PMS는,The PMS,상기 배터리의 잔존 용량이 기 설정된 값 미만인 상태에서 잉여 전력이 존재 하지 않을 경우 경보 신호를 출력하는 것을 특징으로 하는 독립형 마이크로그리드 운용 시스템.And a warning signal is output when there is no surplus power when the remaining capacity of the battery is less than a predetermined value.
- 제1항에 있어서,The method of claim 1,상기 신재생 에너지 장치는,The renewable energy device,풍력 발전 장치 또는 태양광 발전 장치를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 독립형 마이크로그리드 운용 시스템.Stand-alone microgrid operating system comprising a wind turbine or a photovoltaic device.
- 부하에 전원을 공급하여 방전하거나 충전이 가능한 배터리와, 상기 배터리의 충방전을 제어하는 인버터를 포함하는 에너지 저장 장치;An energy storage device including a battery capable of discharging or charging by supplying power to a load, and an inverter for controlling charging and discharging of the battery;상기 에너지 저장 장치와 연계하여 보조로 부하에 전원을 공급하거나, 상기 에너지 저장 장치를 충전하는 신재생 발전 장치;Renewable power generation unit for supplying power to the load in conjunction with the energy storage device, or charging the energy storage device;상기 에너지 저장 장치와 연계하여 보조로 부하에 전원을 공급하거나, 상기 에너지 저장 장치를 충전하는 디젤 발전 장치; 를 포함하고,A diesel generator that supplies power to the load or charges the energy storage device in association with the energy storage device; Including,상기 인버터는,The inverter,상기 신재생 발전 장치 또는 상기 디젤 발전 장치로부터 발전되는 전력과 부하 전력에 따라, 잉여 전력이 존재할 경우 잉여 전력을 통해 상기 배터리를 충전하고, 잉여 전력이 존재하지 않을 경우 부족 전력을 상기 배터리을 통해 방전하도록 제어하는 것을 특징으로 하고,According to the electric power and the load power generated from the renewable power generation device or the diesel power generation device, if the surplus power is present to charge the battery through the surplus power, if there is no surplus power to discharge the insufficient power through the battery To control,상기 에너지 저장 장치는,The energy storage device,서로 직렬로 다단 연결되며, 충방전을 위하여 전력을 변환하여 공급하는 복수의 전력 변환부;A plurality of power converters connected in series to each other and converting and supplying power for charging and discharging;상기 복수의 전력 변화부에 각각 연결되어 전력을 인가받아 충전되거나, 충전된 전력을 공급하는 복수의 배터리;A plurality of batteries connected to the plurality of power change units, respectively, for receiving power to be charged or for supplying charged power;인접한 전력 변환부의 연결단 사이에 구비되는 복수의 릴레이;A plurality of relays provided between connection ends of adjacent power converters;상기 복수의 배터리 중 선택된 배터리에 연결된 전력 변환부 또는 릴레이를 제어하여 상기 선택된 배터리를 바이패스 시키는 제어부;A controller configured to bypass the selected battery by controlling a power converter or a relay connected to the selected battery among the plurality of batteries;를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 독립형 마이크로그리드 운용 시스템.Standalone microgrid operating system comprising a.
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