WO2019241368A1 - Procédés de mesure et/ou de mappage d'épaisseur de bande de roulement de pneu à partir de l'extérieur du pneu et dispositifs/systèmes associés - Google Patents

Procédés de mesure et/ou de mappage d'épaisseur de bande de roulement de pneu à partir de l'extérieur du pneu et dispositifs/systèmes associés Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019241368A1
WO2019241368A1 PCT/US2019/036742 US2019036742W WO2019241368A1 WO 2019241368 A1 WO2019241368 A1 WO 2019241368A1 US 2019036742 W US2019036742 W US 2019036742W WO 2019241368 A1 WO2019241368 A1 WO 2019241368A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
tread
tire
sensor
sensors
electrical signal
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2019/036742
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Joseph Batton Andrews
Aaron Daniel Franklin
David Alan Koester
James Barton Summers III
Original Assignee
Tyrata, Inc.
Duke University
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Tyrata, Inc., Duke University filed Critical Tyrata, Inc.
Publication of WO2019241368A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019241368A1/fr

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M17/00—Testing of vehicles
    • G01M17/007—Wheeled or endless-tracked vehicles
    • G01M17/02—Tyres
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B7/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques
    • G01B7/02—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring length, width or thickness
    • G01B7/06—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring length, width or thickness for measuring thickness

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates generally to tires, and more particularly, to tire sensors and related methods.
  • tire pressure sensors may be provided in vehicle tires. Such sensors may be used to automatically monitor tire pressure, and a warning (e.g., a warning light) may be provided to the driver when low pressure is detected.
  • a warning e.g., a warning light
  • Other aspects of the tire may require manual monitoring and failure to adequately monitor such aspects may cause issues relating to safety. Accordingly, improved monitoring of vehicle tires may be desired.
  • methods of measuring thicknesses of a tire tread may be provided.
  • An outside surface of a tire may be received on a tread sensor array, wherein the tread sensor array includes a plurality of tread sensors arranged across a width of the tire.
  • a respective thickness associated with the at least one tread sensor may be determined.
  • a tread sensor array may include a plurality of tread sensors on a substrate, wherein the tread sensor array is configured to receive a tire such that the plurality of tread sensors are arranged across a width of the tire.
  • a controller may be coupled with the tread sensor array, wherein the controller is configured for at least one of the plurality of tread sensors of the tread sensor array to determine a respective thickness associated with the at least one tread sensor.
  • Figure 1A is a diagram illustrating design/manufacture of a sensory array according to some embodiments of inventive concepts
  • Figure 1B is a photograph of a sensory array according to some embodiments of inventive concepts
  • Figures 1C and 1D are scanning electron microscope images of a sensor of Figure 1B according to some embodiments of inventive concepts
  • Figure 2A is a photograph illustrating a setup to measure a tire tread using a sensor array according to some embodiments of inventive concepts
  • Figure 2B is a cross sectional view illustrating operations of a sensor according to some embodiments of inventive concepts
  • Figure 3 is a graph illustrating Sn measurements for three active electrode pair positions according to some embodiments of inventive concepts
  • Figures 4A and 4B are plots comparing Sn and actual tread thickness measurements according to some embodiments of inventive concepts
  • Figure 5 is a plot of Sn correlated with a full width of a tire according to some embodiments of inventive concepts
  • Figure 6 is a photograph illustrating a tread sensor array printed on a circuit board according to some embodiments of inventive concepts
  • Figure 7 is photograph illustrating shifts in frequency for an impedance matching condition according to some embodiments of inventive concepts
  • Figure 8 is a block diagram illustrating elements of a system to analyze tire tread patterns according to some embodiments of inventive concepts.
  • Figure 9 is a flow chart illustrating operations of a system according to some embodiments.
  • Some embodiments of present inventive concepts may use a similar sensor electrode structure and applied oscillating electrical signal but with the electrodes integrated into an array and used to measure the thickness of a tire’s tread from outside of the tire. With the array extending across the width of a tire, the tread thickness can be mapped for the various grooves and tread blocks. According to such embodiments, the array of electrodes is not attached to the tire, but instead, the vehicle drives over the array of electrodes, with the tread being measured as the tire passes over the array.
  • Measuring the thickness of a tire’s tread may be important to provide/ensure safe tire and vehicle conditions. Unlike tire pressure, tread depth does not change rapidly and can therefore be monitored much less frequently (on the order of weeks or months). Having a technology that is capable of measuring the thickness of a tire’s tread, across the width of the tire, may be desirable.
  • tread measurement may be provided using electrical signals from low-cost sensors that are, for example, either printed or plated (or otherwise fabricated using any other high-volume manufacturing approach).
  • Some embodiments of inventive concepts may involve sensor electrodes that are assembled into an array, such as a linear array of square electrodes approximately 5 mm in size with a 0.15 mm gap between each electrode. By applying an oscillating electrical signal to one electrode and grounding the neighboring electrode, a measurement is taken of some measurable parameter (e.g., Sn signal reflectance, impedance, reactance, frequency of resonance, frequency of some matching condition, etc.).
  • the change in the measured parameter across the width of the tire is used to determine the thickness of the tread blocks.
  • a cross-sectional map of the tread profile can be generated to provide information about the thickness of the tread and any unevenness of wear across the tire.
  • some form of algorithm or look-up table may be used to convert the measured signal change across a tire to the actual thickness of the tire tread.
  • inventive concepts may be provided using an array of sensor electrodes.
  • printed electrodes may be provided, and an Sn reflected signal magnitude may be used to measure the thickness across the width of a tire.
  • a shift in frequency at which a certain impedance condition is met may be used to provide a thickness measurement across the width of a tire.
  • These parameters include S n, frequency shift at a specific impedance/reactance condition, impedance/reactance shift at a specific frequency, resonant frequency shift, and so forth.
  • the parameter is measured and compared at different sensor pair locations across a tire, with the relative values of the parameters at different locations used to determine the thickness of the tire tread.
  • Figures 1A-D illustrate design and images of printed sensor array.
  • Figure 1A
  • FIG. 1 schematically illustrates an aerosol jet printing process with inset profile of an electrode, including a bottom layer of silver nanoparticles and a top layer of unsorted carbon nanotubes (CNTs).
  • Figure 1B is a photograph of a fully printed sensor array.
  • Figures 1C and 1D are scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of the sensing electrodes at different magnifications.
  • Figures 2A and 2B illustrate testing setup and operation.
  • Figure 2A is a photograph of the sensor array placed on the outside of a tire and connected to a VNA (Vector Network Analyzer), which measures the signal reflectance between each electrode.
  • Figure 2B is a cross-sectional view illustrating how the tests for each position may be completed; all electrodes to one side of an active electrode pair (200) are tied to signal (201) while those on the other side are tied to ground (202).
  • An illustration of the fringing electric field lines (203) interacting with the tire (204) is also included.
  • Figure 3 is a graph illustrating Sn for three distinct active electrode pair positions (i.e., a gap between electrodes was centered either on a tread block, a groove, or a sipe). Sn with respect to frequency is shown for three sensor measurement points on the tire: full tread (thickest), sipes (or minor tread patterns), and the full grooves. The inset shows the active sensing frequency, which is directly below the second resonant frequency of the spectrum.
  • Figures 4A and 4B provide plots comparing measured Sn to actual tread thickness measurements.
  • Figure 4A shows the Sn at 510 MHz (data points are averages with error bars indicating a 99% confidence interval), and
  • Figure 4B shows the actual tread thickness measurement (measured using tire tread depth gauge). Note that the percent difference between each point is the same.
  • Figure 5 provides an Sn plot correlated with the full width of a non- worn tire.
  • the Sn response of the tire array is tri-modal, with three distinct magnitudes that correlate with the full tread, the sipes, and the grooves. These measurements were taken using a stationary array positioned on the outside of the tire.
  • An inset at the bottom of the plot shows the tire profile as it corresponds (approximately) with the position of the array during the measurements.
  • Figure 6 is a photograph of a tread sensor array on printed circuit board (FR4).
  • the tread sensor array includes 13 sensors, with each sensor including a grounded electrode and a signal electrode as discussed above with respect to Figure 2B.
  • a tire may be driven onto the tread sensor array and stopped so that each sensor of the array is aligned with a different portion of the tread across a width of the tire.
  • Figure 7 is a photograph of a tire illustrating a shift in frequency for a specific impedance matching condition, showing dependence on the location of the sensor, being either above tire grooves or on tire tread blocks. Sensors on a printed circuit board were used for this
  • Figure 8 is a block diagram illustrating a system to analyze tire tread patterns according to some embodiments including an analyzer and a tread sensor 807.
  • the analyzer 800 may provide functionality of the network analyzer VNA and/or the computer of Figure 2A, and the tread sensor 807 may be provided as discussed above with respect to Figures 2B and/or Figure 6.
  • tread sensor 807 may be coupled with controller 801 of analyzer 800 through interface 803.
  • modules may be stored in memory 805, and these modules may provide instructions so that when instructions of a module are executed by controller 801, controller 801 performs respective operations (e.g., operations discussed below with respect to the claims).
  • interface 803 may also provide coupling between controller 801 and an output device 809 (e.g., a display, printer, etc.) to provide output data to a user.
  • an output device 809 e.g., a display, printer, etc.
  • tread sensor array 807 implemented as discussed above with respect to Figure 6, a tire may be driven onto the tread sensor array 807 and stopped.
  • controller 801 may apply an RF signal to each of the 13 sensors (either sequentially or in parallel) and measure the reflected signals from each sensor (i.e., pair of electrodes) to determine a tread thickness associated with each sensor.
  • the individual sensors of tread sensor array 807 may be used to measure respective thickness of respective portions of the tread across the width of the tire. Results of the measurements may be provided by controller 801 through interface 803 to an output device 809 such as a display or printer.
  • An alternative embodiment may be that a tire is driven over tread sensor array 807 without stopping and that the controller 801 operates as above to determine the tread thickness across the width of the tire in a manner that is fast enough to collect measurement data/information during tire motion, with the measurement triggered in some fashion as the tire comes into the vicinity of, or in contact with, the sensor array 807.
  • Figure 2B is a schematic diagram illustrating operation of an individual tread
  • the tread measurement sensor of Figure 6 according to some embodiments of inventive concepts.
  • the tread measurement sensor is shown on an outside surface of the tire without the other elements of Figures 6/8 to more clearly illustrate operations thereof. Operation of the tread measurement sensor is based on the mechanics of how electric and magnetic fields interact with different materials.
  • the tread measurement sensor includes two electrically conductive sensor elements (also referred to as electrodes) side-by-side and very close to each other.
  • the controller 801 may thus apply an oscillating electrical voltage to one of the sensor elements (the signal electrode) of the sensor while the other sensor element (the grounded electrode) of the sensor is grounded to generate an electrical field between the two sensor elements (shown as arcs in Figure 2B). While most of the field may pass directly between edges of the electrodes, some of the field arcs from the face of one electrode to the face of the other electrode through the tire tread (shown by arcs in Figure 2B). The tire rubber and tread structure interfere with this“fringing field,” and by measuring this interference through the electrical response of the sensor electrode pair, the controller 801 may thus generate thickness parameter information associated with the respective tread portion of the tire. By performing the measurement at each sensor of tread sensor array 807, a profile of tread thickness may be provided across a width of the tire to determine tread thicknesses, wear patterns, etc.
  • modules may be stored in memory 805 of Figure 8, and these modules may provide instructions so that when the instructions of a module are executed by controller 801, controller 801 performs respective operations of the flow chart.
  • an outside surface of a tire may be received on tread sensor array 807 so that a plurality of tread sensors of tread sensor array 807 are arranged across a width of the tire.
  • the tire may roll across tread sensory array 807.
  • Tread sensor array 807 may be provided as shown in Figure 6 with the row of tread sensors arranged in a direction perpendicular with respect to a direction of motion of the tire, with each tread sensor including a grounded electrode and a signal electrode.
  • controller 801 may determine a respective thickness associated with at least one of the plurality of tread sensors of the tread sensor array. For example, controller 801 may apply (through interface 803) an oscillating electrical signal (e.g., a radio frequency RF oscillating signal) across the grounded and signal electrodes of each of the plurality of tread sensors (of tread sensor array 807) and measure a resulting electrical parameter from each of the plurality of tread sensors.
  • an oscillating electrical signal e.g., a radio frequency RF oscillating signal
  • the electrical parameter for a respective one of the tread sensors may be: a reflection of the oscillating electrical signal by the grounded electrode of the respective tread sensor; a frequency of the oscillating electrical signal at which an impedance condition is matched; an impedance or reactance value measured at a specific frequency of the oscillating electrical signal; and/or a frequency of resonance of the oscillating electrical signal.
  • controller 801 may generate an output for an output device, wherein the output provides at least one of a tread thickness of the tire and/or a profile of tread thickness of the tire across a width of the tire determined based on relative changes in the electrical parameter from the tread sensors of the tread sensor array.
  • the output device may be: a display such that generating the output comprises generating the output to be presented on the display; and/or a printer such that generating the output comprises generating the output to be printed from the printer.
  • the terms “comprise”, “comprising”, “comprises”, “include”, “including”, “includes”, “have”, “has”, “having”, or variants thereof are open-ended, and include one or more stated features, integers, elements, steps, components or functions but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, elements, steps, components, functions or groups thereof.
  • the common abbreviation “e.g.” which derives from the Latin phrase “exempli gratia,” may be used to introduce or specify a general example or examples of a previously mentioned item, and is not intended to be limiting of such item.
  • the common abbreviation “i.e.”, which derives from the Latin phrase “id est,” may be used to specify a particular item from a more general recitation.
  • top when an upper part of a drawing is referred to as a "top” and a lower part of a drawing is referred to as a “bottom” for the sake of convenience, in practice, the "top” may also be called a “bottom” and the “bottom” may also be a “top” without departing from the teachings of the inventive concept (e.g., if the structure is rotate 180 degrees relative to the orientation of the figure).
  • Example embodiments are described herein with reference to block diagrams and/or flowchart illustrations of computer-implemented methods, apparatus (systems and/or devices) and/or computer program products. It is understood that a block of the block diagrams and/or flowchart illustrations, and combinations of blocks in the block diagrams and/or flowchart illustrations, can be implemented by computer program instructions that are performed by one or more computer circuits.
  • These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor circuit of a general purpose computer circuit, special purpose computer circuit, and/or other programmable data processing circuit to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer and/or other programmable data processing apparatus, transform and control transistors, values stored in memory locations, and other hardware components within such circuitry to implement the functions/acts specified in the block diagrams and/or flowchart block or blocks, and thereby create means (functionality) and/or structure for implementing the functions/acts specified in the block diagrams and/or flowchart block(s).

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Length, Angles, Or The Like Using Electric Or Magnetic Means (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne des procédés de mesure d'épaisseurs d'une bande de roulement de pneu. Une surface extérieure d'un pneu peut être reçue sur un réseau de capteurs de bande de roulement, le réseau de capteurs de bande de roulement comprenant une pluralité de capteurs de bande de roulement disposés sur une largeur du pneu. Pour au moins un capteur de la pluralité de capteurs de bande de roulement du réseau de capteurs de bande de roulement, une épaisseur respective associée audit capteur de bande de roulement peut être déterminée. L'invention concerne également des systèmes de mesure de bande de roulement.
PCT/US2019/036742 2018-06-14 2019-06-12 Procédés de mesure et/ou de mappage d'épaisseur de bande de roulement de pneu à partir de l'extérieur du pneu et dispositifs/systèmes associés WO2019241368A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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US201862685062P 2018-06-14 2018-06-14
US62/685,062 2018-06-14

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WO2019241368A1 true WO2019241368A1 (fr) 2019-12-19

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11614317B2 (en) 2019-06-21 2023-03-28 Tyrata, Inc. Methods providing enhanced material thickness sensing with capacitive sensors using inductance-generated resonance and related devices
US11673436B2 (en) 2018-06-29 2023-06-13 Tyrata, Inc. Structures and methods providing tread sensor integration

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20040021461A1 (en) * 2002-06-04 2004-02-05 Jentek Sensors, Inc. High resolution inductive sensor arrays for UXO
US20070256485A1 (en) * 2006-04-25 2007-11-08 Rensel John D Elastomeric article with wireless micro and nano sensor system
US20090000370A1 (en) * 2007-06-29 2009-01-01 Robert Edward Lionetti Tread depth sensing device and method for measuring same
US20140311246A1 (en) * 2011-11-14 2014-10-23 Bridgestone Corporation Tread thickness measuring method
US20160161243A1 (en) * 2013-07-26 2016-06-09 Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Michelin System for measuring the thickness of a liner layer of a tire
US20170008355A1 (en) * 2014-07-18 2017-01-12 Infineon Technologies Ag Pressure sensitive foil, a tire pressure sensor module, a tire, a method and a computer program for obtaining information related to deformations of a tire
WO2019110158A1 (fr) * 2017-12-07 2019-06-13 Continental Reifen Deutschland Gmbh Pneumatique, en particulier pneumatique de véhicule, comportant un dispositif capteur et procédé de détermination de la profondeur de profil du pneumatique

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20040021461A1 (en) * 2002-06-04 2004-02-05 Jentek Sensors, Inc. High resolution inductive sensor arrays for UXO
US20070256485A1 (en) * 2006-04-25 2007-11-08 Rensel John D Elastomeric article with wireless micro and nano sensor system
US20090000370A1 (en) * 2007-06-29 2009-01-01 Robert Edward Lionetti Tread depth sensing device and method for measuring same
US20140311246A1 (en) * 2011-11-14 2014-10-23 Bridgestone Corporation Tread thickness measuring method
US20160161243A1 (en) * 2013-07-26 2016-06-09 Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Michelin System for measuring the thickness of a liner layer of a tire
US20170008355A1 (en) * 2014-07-18 2017-01-12 Infineon Technologies Ag Pressure sensitive foil, a tire pressure sensor module, a tire, a method and a computer program for obtaining information related to deformations of a tire
WO2019110158A1 (fr) * 2017-12-07 2019-06-13 Continental Reifen Deutschland Gmbh Pneumatique, en particulier pneumatique de véhicule, comportant un dispositif capteur et procédé de détermination de la profondeur de profil du pneumatique

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11673436B2 (en) 2018-06-29 2023-06-13 Tyrata, Inc. Structures and methods providing tread sensor integration
US11614317B2 (en) 2019-06-21 2023-03-28 Tyrata, Inc. Methods providing enhanced material thickness sensing with capacitive sensors using inductance-generated resonance and related devices

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