WO2019228336A1 - Antenna and unmanned aerial vehicle - Google Patents
Antenna and unmanned aerial vehicle Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2019228336A1 WO2019228336A1 PCT/CN2019/088773 CN2019088773W WO2019228336A1 WO 2019228336 A1 WO2019228336 A1 WO 2019228336A1 CN 2019088773 W CN2019088773 W CN 2019088773W WO 2019228336 A1 WO2019228336 A1 WO 2019228336A1
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- antenna
- radiating
- antenna ground
- substrate
- radiating portion
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
- B64C27/00—Rotorcraft; Rotors peculiar thereto
- B64C27/04—Helicopters
- B64C27/08—Helicopters with two or more rotors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
- H01Q1/28—Adaptation for use in or on aircraft, missiles, satellites, or balloons
- H01Q1/285—Aircraft wire antennas
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/48—Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
- H01Q19/02—Details
- H01Q19/021—Means for reducing undesirable effects
Definitions
- the invention relates to the technical field of antennas, in particular to an antenna and an unmanned aerial vehicle.
- the present invention provides an antenna for an unmanned aerial vehicle.
- the antenna includes:
- a substrate having a first surface and a second surface opposite to each other;
- the antenna of the present invention is provided with a copper tube for choke on the coaxial line.
- the copper tube can choke the current on the coaxial line, so that the energy radiated by the antenna will not be folded by the coaxial line, etc. The effect of the situation improves the radiation efficiency and the antenna pattern is more stable.
- the length of the copper tube is a quarter wavelength, and the wavelength is a wavelength of an electromagnetic wave emitted by the antenna.
- the antenna further includes a first through hole penetrating through the first radiating portion, the substrate, and the second radiating portion, the first radiating portion and the first radiating portion.
- the two radiating portions are connected through a metal piece provided in the first through hole;
- a second through hole that penetrates the first antenna ground portion, the substrate, and the second antenna ground portion, and the first antenna ground portion and the second antenna ground portion are disposed in The metal parts in the second through hole are connected.
- a first through hole is opened at the corresponding position of the first radiating portion, the substrate and the second radiating portion, and the first radiating portion and the second radiating portion are connected together through a metal piece in the first through hole;
- a second through hole is provided at the corresponding position of the ground, the substrate, and the second antenna ground. The first antenna ground and the second antenna ground are connected together through the metal parts in the second through hole, and the second antenna ground is connected through the through hole. The connection is convenient and reliable, and the appearance of the antenna is guaranteed.
- the gap is greater than zero and less than one tenth of a wavelength
- the wavelength is a wavelength of an electromagnetic wave emitted by the antenna.
- the performance of the antenna can be made better.
- the projection of the central axis of the coaxial line in the through slot coincides with the central axis of the through slot.
- the current paths of the first antenna portion and the second antenna portion are equal.
- the antenna further includes:
- a second radiating unit including a third radiating portion and a fourth radiating portion electrically connected to each other, wherein the third radiating portion is disposed on the first surface and the fourth radiating portion is disposed on The second surface;
- a second antenna ground unit comprising a third antenna ground portion and a fourth antenna ground portion electrically connected to each other, wherein the third antenna ground portion is disposed on the first surface, and the first antenna ground portion A four-antenna ground portion is disposed on the second surface;
- the second radiating unit and the second antenna ground unit are fed through the coaxial line.
- This arrangement allows the antenna to include not only the first radiating unit and the first antenna ground unit, but also the second radiating unit and the second antenna ground unit, so that the antenna can support two different working frequency bands, that is, the antenna can be used in Working in dual frequency bands improves antenna performance.
- the third radiating portion is disposed at an end of the first radiating portion near the first antenna ground portion, and the third antenna radiating portion is provided near the first antenna ground portion.
- the fourth radiating portion is disposed at an end of the second radiating portion near the second antenna ground portion, and the fourth antenna radiating portion is provided at the second antenna ground portion near the second radiating portion. The end.
- the first radiation portion and the third radiation portion are integrally formed; the first antenna ground portion and the third antenna ground portion are integrally formed;
- the second radiating portion and the fourth radiating portion are integrally formed; the second antenna ground portion and the fourth antenna ground portion are integrally formed.
- the lengths of the current paths of the third radiating portion and the fourth radiating portion are equal;
- the current paths of the third antenna portion and the fourth antenna portion are equal.
- the antenna further includes a conductive guide plate, the guide plate is disposed at an interval on a side of the substrate facing away from the body, and the guide plate is used to guide the radiation of the antenna away from The direction of the body.
- the guide plate includes a bearing plate and a metal piece disposed on the bearing plate.
- the metal pieces directed to the plate guide the electromagnetic waves emitted by the radiation unit, and the metal pieces are fixed by the carrier plate.
- the metal piece is a metal plate, a metal bar, or a metal wire.
- a plane where the metal member is located is parallel to a plane where the substrate is located.
- a size of the metal member in a length direction of the substrate is between a quarter wavelength and a half wavelength, and the wavelength is a wavelength of an electromagnetic wave emitted by the antenna.
- the first face faces away from the body
- the second face faces the body
- the guide plate is located on one side of the first face and has a space between the first face and the first face. Mentioned spacing.
- the projection of the central axis of the coaxial line in the through slot coincides with the central axis of the through slot.
- the antenna further includes a second radiating unit and a second antenna ground unit provided on the substrate;
- the first radiating unit of the antenna is provided as the first and second radiating portions electrically connected
- the first antenna ground unit is provided as the first and second antenna ground portions electrically connected, so that the first A radiating portion and a first antenna ground portion are located on a first surface of the substrate, and a second radiating portion and a second antenna ground portion are located on a second surface of the substrate opposite to the first surface, that is, in contrast to the prior art
- the antenna substrate of the present invention has radiating portions on both sides, that is, two opposite sides of the substrate generate radiation, thereby greatly improving the radiation efficiency of the antenna; moreover, even in different positions of the substrate during production, The thicknesses are inconsistent. Since there are radiating portions and antenna ground portions on the two opposite sides of the substrate, the offset amount of the resonance frequency of the antenna is reduced, and the radiation efficiency of the antenna is improved.
- the UAV further includes a tripod connected to the aircraft arm, and the antenna is disposed in the tripod.
- the free space inside the tripod is effectively used without increasing the volume of the UAV.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a first surface of a substrate of an antenna according to a first embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of a structure at I in FIG. 1;
- FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a second surface of a substrate of an antenna according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of the structure at I in FIG. 3;
- FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna provided on a bobbin according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the antenna provided in the tube and the guide plate according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna guide plate provided by Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is a directional view of the antenna provided in the first embodiment of the present invention on a horizontal plane and a vertical plane after the copper pipe is added;
- FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a first surface of a substrate of an antenna provided in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- FIG. 10 is an enlarged view of the structure at I in FIG. 9;
- FIG. 12 is an enlarged view of the structure at I in FIG. 11; FIG.
- FIG. 13 is a standing wave parameter diagram of an antenna provided by Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- FIG. 14 is a schematic structural diagram of an unmanned aerial vehicle provided by Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
- FIG. 15 is a side view of an unmanned aerial vehicle provided by Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
- orientations or positional relationships indicated by the terms “left”, “right”, “vertical”, and “lateral” are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and only It is to facilitate the description of the invention and simplify the description, and does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, structure and operation in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the invention.
- the terms “first”, “second”, “third”, “fourth”, etc. are used for descriptive purposes only, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, the features defined as “first”, “second”, “third”, “fourth”, etc. may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features.
- the terms “installation”, “connected”, and “connected” should be understood in a broad sense unless otherwise specified and limited, for example, they may be fixed connections, or may be Disassembly connection, or integral connection; it can be mechanical or electrical connection; it can be directly connected, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two elements.
- installation should be understood in a broad sense unless otherwise specified and limited, for example, they may be fixed connections, or may be Disassembly connection, or integral connection; it can be mechanical or electrical connection; it can be directly connected, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two elements.
- the specific meanings of the above terms in the creation of the present invention can be understood through specific situations.
- the antenna of the present invention a remote controller of an unmanned aerial vehicle using the antenna, and an unmanned aerial vehicle will be described in detail through specific embodiments.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a first surface of a substrate of an antenna according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of the structure at I in FIG. 1.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a second surface of a substrate of an antenna provided by Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of the structure at I in FIG. 3.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna provided with a bobbin according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the antenna provided with the bobbin and the guide plate according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna guide plate provided by Embodiment 1 of the present invention. Referring to FIG. 1 to FIG. 7, the present invention provides an antenna.
- the antenna can be applied to unmanned aerial vehicles. When the antenna is applied to an unmanned aerial vehicle, the antenna is specifically installed outside the body of
- the substrate 1 has a first surface 11 and a second surface 12 opposite to each other.
- the first radiating unit includes a first radiating portion 21 and a second radiating portion 22, the first radiating portion 21 is provided on the first surface 11, the second radiating portion 22 is provided on the second surface 12, and the first radiating portion 21 It is electrically connected to the second radiating portion 22, and the current path lengths of the first radiating portion 21 and the second radiating portion 22 are equal.
- the first antenna ground unit includes a first antenna ground portion 31 and a second antenna ground portion 32.
- the first antenna ground portion 31 is provided on the first surface 11 and the second antenna ground portion 32 is provided on the second surface 12.
- the second antenna ground portion 32 and the first antenna ground portion 31 are electrically connected, and the current path lengths of the first antenna ground portion 31 and the second antenna ground portion 32 are equal.
- the substrate 1 may be a printed circuit board (PCB), that is, the antenna in this embodiment may be a PCB antenna.
- the first radiation unit and the first antenna ground unit may be made of a metal (such as a copper sheet) on the substrate 1. Since the first radiation unit and the first antenna ground unit are distributed on the first surface 11 and the second surface 12 of the substrate 1, it is equivalent to having metal on the front and back surfaces of the substrate 1, thereby reducing the radiation loss of the substrate 1 and improving The performance of the antenna.
- the superimposed electromagnetic waves can be effectively compensated, and more electromagnetic waves are guided to radiate away from the body, which strengthens the direction of the entire machine. Radiation, thereby further improving the radiation efficiency of the antenna.
- the first antenna ground portion 31 is disposed on the upper half of the first surface 11 of the substrate 1, and the first radiation portion 21 is disposed on the lower half of the first surface 11 of the substrate 1. unit.
- the second antenna ground portion 32 is provided on the upper half of the second surface 12 of the substrate 1, and the second radiation portion 22 is provided on the lower half of the second surface 12 of the substrate 1.
- the two positions can also be interchanged, as long as the positions of the first radiating portion 21 and the second radiating portion 22 are ensured to correspond, and the positions of the first antenna ground portion 31 and the second antenna ground portion 32 may be corresponding.
- a pad 43 is provided at an end of the first antenna ground portion 31 near the first radiating portion 21, and the first antenna ground portion 31 and the coaxial line 4 pass through the pad 43.
- the outer conductors 41 are welded together;
- a pad 44 is provided at an end of the first radiating portion 21 near the first antenna ground portion 31, and the first radiating portion 21 is welded to the inner conductor 42 of the coaxial line 4 through the pad 44 together.
- the antenna further has a first through hole 20 penetrating the first radiating portion 21, the substrate 1, and the second radiating portion 22, and the first radiating portion 21 and the second radiating portion 22 are disposed by Metal parts are connected in the first through hole 20.
- the antenna also has a second through hole 30 penetrating the first antenna ground portion 31, the substrate 1, and the second antenna ground portion 32.
- the first antenna ground portion 31 and the second antenna ground portion 32 are provided in the second through hole.
- the metal pieces in the hole 30 are connected. That is, the first radiating portion 21 and the second radiating portion 22 and the first antenna ground portion 31 and the second antenna ground portion 32 are all connected through a through hole.
- the number of the first through-holes 20 and the second through-holes 30 is not limited by the present invention, as long as at least a sufficient number of the first end of the coaxial line 4 (near the bottom end of the inner conductor in FIG. 1) is ensured.
- the through holes 20 may have a sufficient number of second through holes 30 near the ground end of the coaxial line 4 (near the bottom end of the outer conductor in FIG. 1).
- the substance in the gap 40 is air, that is, there is no filler in the gap 40.
- the gap 40 may also be filled with a non-conductive medium, so that the gap 40 between the coaxial line 4 and the substrate 1 is maintained at a fixed distance.
- the medium may be foam, of course, or other The medium having a low dielectric constant is not limited thereto.
- a card hole can also be provided at the protruding end of the corresponding coaxial line 4 of the substrate 1 to allow the coaxial line 4 to pass out of the card hole, thereby effectively positioning the coaxial line 4 and improving coaxiality.
- the stability of the wire 4 further improves the stability of the antenna performance.
- the antenna of this embodiment can work from 2.32 GHz to 2.57 GHz, and the bandwidth is 250 MHz, which can meet the coverage of the commonly used 2.4 GHz frequency band.
- FIG. 8 is a directional diagram of the antenna provided on the horizontal plane and the vertical plane according to the first embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 8, the antenna of this embodiment is at 2.4 GHz, the horizontal direction (H-plane) can still maintain omnidirectional, and the vertical direction (E-plane) gain is large, that is, the antenna can be used at 2.4 GHz. Achieve omnidirectional coverage. Moreover, it can be clearly seen that, due to the presence of the copper tube 9, the antenna pattern is regular and not distorted.
- FIG. 13 is a standing wave parameter diagram of an antenna provided by Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- the antenna of this embodiment can specifically work at 2.32GHz to 2.57GHz and 5.66GHz to 7GHz, and the bandwidth is 250MHz and 1340MHz, which can meet the coverage of the commonly used Wi-Fi dual frequency bands of 2.4GHz and 5.8GHz. .
- the antenna of this embodiment can achieve omnidirectional coverage at both 2.4 GHz and 5.8 GHz, thereby improving the radiation efficiency of the antenna and making the antenna performance better.
- the first antenna ground portion 31 on the first surface 11 of the substrate 1 The current path length is the same as the current path length of the second antenna ground portion 32 on the second surface 12 of the substrate.
- the lengths of the current paths are equal, and the lengths of the current paths of the third antenna ground portion 61 on the first surface 11 of the substrate and the fourth antenna ground portion 62 on the second surface of the substrate are equal. Therefore, in the 2.4 GHz band or in the 5, 8 GHz band
- the electromagnetic waves on both sides of the substrate 1 of the antenna can resonate at the same resonance frequency, so that the resonance frequency of the antenna does not shift, thereby greatly improving the radiation efficiency of the antenna.
- the antenna in this embodiment has the same structure as the antenna provided in Embodiment 1 or Embodiment 2 and can bring the same or similar technical effects, which will not be described one by one here. For details, refer to Embodiment 1 or Embodiment 2. description of.
- the remote control sends control signals to the unmanned aerial vehicle, and the antenna receives the control signals sent by the remote control under the control of the transceiver control unit, or the unmanned aerial vehicle sends a feedback signal to the remote control through the antenna.
- the remote control when the remote control requires the unmanned aerial vehicle to fly 50 meters east from the current position within 1 minute, the remote control sends a signal to the unmanned aerial vehicle, the transceiver control unit controls the antenna to receive the control signal, and then transmits the signal to the flight controller.
- the flight controller parses the signal and obtains the command information of flying 50 meters east from the current position within 1 minute. Then the flight controller controls the unmanned aerial vehicle to perform the corresponding action to make the unmanned aerial vehicle to the east within 1 minute. Fly 50 meters.
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Abstract
The present invention relates to an antenna used on an unmanned aerial vehicle. The antenna comprises: a substrate, the substrate having a first face and a second face opposite each other; a coaxial cable, a copper pipe for throttling being arranged on the coaxial cable; a first radiation unit, the first radiation unit comprising a first radiation portion and a second radiation portion electrically connected to each other, wherein the first radiation portion is arranged on the first face, and the second radiation portion is arranged on the second face; and a first antenna ground unit, the first antenna ground unit comprising a first antenna ground portion and a second antenna ground portion electrically connected to each other, wherein the first antenna ground portion is arranged on the first face, and the second antenna ground portion is arranged on the second face, wherein the first radiation unit and the first antenna ground unit feed power through the coaxial cable. The present invention can improve the radiation efficiency of an antenna, making the directional pattern of the antenna more stable.
Description
【相关申请的交叉引用】[Cross-reference to related applications]
本申请要求申请日为2018年5月30日,申请号为2018105430625的中国专利申请的优先权,其全部内容通过引用结合于本文。This application claims priority from a Chinese patent application with a filing date of May 30, 2018 and application number 2018105430625, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
本发明涉及天线技术领域,尤其涉及一种天线及无人飞行器。The invention relates to the technical field of antennas, in particular to an antenna and an unmanned aerial vehicle.
随着科技的进步,无人飞行器受到了广泛的关注。With the advancement of technology, unmanned aerial vehicles have received widespread attention.
无人飞行器简称:无人机,是利用无线电遥控设备或者自身程序控制装置操纵的不载人飞机。其具有机动灵活、反应快速、无人飞行等优点。无人飞行器通常应用于军事领域和民用领域,具体在气象、农业、勘探、摄影、输运、娱乐等领域应用非常广泛。现有技术的无人飞行器通常包括:机体、动力装置和天线,其中,动力装置为无人飞行器的飞行提供动力。天线用于接收外界发送的信号,或者向外界发送信号。其中,天线一般安装在机体的外部。天线主要包括基板、设置在基板上的辐射单元和天线地单元,辐射单元和天线地单元通过同轴线馈电,且整个辐射单元和整个天线地单元位于基板的同一侧,从而实现信号的收发。UAV for short: Unmanned aerial vehicle is an unmanned aircraft controlled by radio remote control equipment or its own program control device. It has the advantages of maneuverability, fast response, and unmanned flight. Unmanned aerial vehicles are usually used in military and civilian fields, and they are widely used in meteorology, agriculture, exploration, photography, transportation, and entertainment. The prior art unmanned aerial vehicle generally includes an airframe, a power unit, and an antenna, where the power unit provides power for the flight of the unmanned aerial vehicle. The antenna is used to receive signals from or send signals to the outside world. Among them, the antenna is generally installed outside the body. The antenna mainly includes a substrate, a radiating unit and an antenna ground unit provided on the substrate. The radiating unit and the antenna ground unit are fed through a coaxial line, and the entire radiating unit and the entire antenna ground unit are located on the same side of the substrate, thereby realizing the transmission and reception of signals. .
然而,由于现有技术的无人机天线的整个辐射单元和天线地单元全部位于基板的同一侧,导致该天线的效率较低;而且,当基板不同位置的厚度不一致时,会导致天线的谐振频率偏移,进而导致天线效率降低。However, because the entire radiating unit and antenna ground unit of the prior art UAV antenna are all located on the same side of the substrate, the efficiency of the antenna is low; and when the thickness of different locations of the substrate is inconsistent, it will cause antenna resonance Frequency shifts can lead to reduced antenna efficiency.
【发明内容】[Summary of the Invention]
为了解决背景技术中提到的至少一个问题,本发明提供一种天线及无人飞行器,以提高天线的辐射效率。In order to solve at least one of the problems mentioned in the background, the present invention provides an antenna and an unmanned aerial vehicle to improve the radiation efficiency of the antenna.
为了实现上述目的,第一方面,本发明提供一种天线,用于无人飞行器,所述天线包括:In order to achieve the above object, in a first aspect, the present invention provides an antenna for an unmanned aerial vehicle. The antenna includes:
基板,所述基板具有相背的第一面和第二面;A substrate having a first surface and a second surface opposite to each other;
同轴线,所述同轴线上设有用于扼流的铜管;On the same axis, a copper tube for choke is provided on the coaxial line;
第一辐射单元,所述第一辐射单元包括相互电连接的第一辐射部和第二辐射部,其中,所述第一辐射部设置在所述第一面上,所述第二辐射部设置在所述第二面上;A first radiating unit comprising a first radiating portion and a second radiating portion electrically connected to each other, wherein the first radiating portion is provided on the first surface and the second radiating portion is provided On the second side;
第一天线地单元,所述第一天线地单元包括相互电连接的第一天线地部和第二天线地部,其中,所述第一天线地部设置在所述第一面上,所述第二天线地部设置在所述第二面上;A first antenna ground unit, the first antenna ground unit including a first antenna ground portion and a second antenna ground portion electrically connected to each other, wherein the first antenna ground portion is disposed on the first surface, and A second antenna ground portion is disposed on the second surface;
所述第一辐射单元和所述第一天线地单元通过所述同轴线馈电。The first radiating unit and the first antenna ground unit are fed through the coaxial line.
本发明的天线,通过在同轴线上设置用于扼流的铜管,当天线工作时,铜管可以扼制同轴线上的电流,使得天线辐射出来的能量不会受同轴线折叠等情况的影响,从而提高了辐射效率,天线的方向图更稳定。The antenna of the present invention is provided with a copper tube for choke on the coaxial line. When the antenna is working, the copper tube can choke the current on the coaxial line, so that the energy radiated by the antenna will not be folded by the coaxial line, etc. The effect of the situation improves the radiation efficiency and the antenna pattern is more stable.
可选的,所述铜管远离所述第一辐射单元的一端焊接在所述同轴线上。Optionally, an end of the copper tube remote from the first radiation unit is welded to the coaxial line.
可选的,所述铜管的长度为四分之一波长,所述波长为所述天线发出的电磁波的波长。Optionally, the length of the copper tube is a quarter wavelength, and the wavelength is a wavelength of an electromagnetic wave emitted by the antenna.
可选的,所述天线还包括:第一通孔,所述第一通孔贯穿所述第一辐射部、所述基板和所述第二辐射部,所述第一辐射部和所述第二辐射部通过设置在所述第一通孔中的金属件连接;Optionally, the antenna further includes a first through hole penetrating through the first radiating portion, the substrate, and the second radiating portion, the first radiating portion and the first radiating portion. The two radiating portions are connected through a metal piece provided in the first through hole;
第二通孔,所述第二通孔贯穿所述第一天线地部、所述基板和所述第二天线地部,所述第一天线地部和所述第二天线地部通过设置在所述第二通孔中的金属件连接。A second through hole that penetrates the first antenna ground portion, the substrate, and the second antenna ground portion, and the first antenna ground portion and the second antenna ground portion are disposed in The metal parts in the second through hole are connected.
通过在第一辐射部、基板和第二辐射部的对应位置开设第一通孔,通过第一通孔中的金属件将第一辐射部和第二辐射部连接在一起;通过在第一天线地部、基板和第二天线地部的对应位置开设第二通孔,通过第二通孔中的金属件将第一天线地部和第二天线地部连接在一起,通过通孔相接的方式进行连接,连接方便、可靠,且保证了天线的美观度。A first through hole is opened at the corresponding position of the first radiating portion, the substrate and the second radiating portion, and the first radiating portion and the second radiating portion are connected together through a metal piece in the first through hole; A second through hole is provided at the corresponding position of the ground, the substrate, and the second antenna ground. The first antenna ground and the second antenna ground are connected together through the metal parts in the second through hole, and the second antenna ground is connected through the through hole. The connection is convenient and reliable, and the appearance of the antenna is guaranteed.
可选的,所述同轴线位于所述第一面的一侧,所述第一辐射部和所述第一天线地部间隔设置,所述同轴线的外导***于所述第一天线地部的一侧,且与所述第一天线地部电连接,所述同轴线的内导体延伸至所述第一辐射部并与所述第一辐射部连接。Optionally, the coaxial line is located on one side of the first surface, the first radiating portion and the first antenna ground portion are spaced apart, and an outer conductor of the coaxial line is located on the first antenna One side of the ground portion is electrically connected to the first antenna ground portion, and the inner conductor of the coaxial line extends to the first radiation portion and is connected to the first radiation portion.
可选的,所述同轴线与所述基板的第一面之间具有间隙。Optionally, there is a gap between the coaxial line and the first surface of the substrate.
这样设置有利于提高天线的辐射效率。This arrangement is beneficial to improve the radiation efficiency of the antenna.
可选的,所述间隙大于零且小于十分之一波长,所述波长为所述天线发出的电磁波的波长。Optionally, the gap is greater than zero and less than one tenth of a wavelength, and the wavelength is a wavelength of an electromagnetic wave emitted by the antenna.
通过将同轴线与基板的第一面之间的间隙的尺寸设置在该范围内,可使天线的性能更优。By setting the size of the gap between the coaxial line and the first surface of the substrate within this range, the performance of the antenna can be made better.
可选的,所述间隙中填充有不导电介质。Optionally, the gap is filled with a non-conductive medium.
可选的,所述第一天线地部的对应所述同轴线的位置开设有通槽;Optionally, a through slot is provided at a position of the first antenna ground corresponding to the coaxial line;
所述同轴线的中轴线在所述通槽中的投影与所述通槽的中轴线重合。The projection of the central axis of the coaxial line in the through slot coincides with the central axis of the through slot.
通过在第一天线地部的对应同轴线的位置开设通槽,降低了同轴线走线对天线性能的影响,进一步提高了天线的辐射效率。By setting a through slot at the position of the corresponding coaxial line of the first antenna ground, the influence of the coaxial line routing on the antenna performance is reduced, and the radiation efficiency of the antenna is further improved.
可选的,所述第一辐射部和所述第二辐射部的电流路径长度相等;Optionally, the lengths of the current paths of the first radiating portion and the second radiating portion are equal;
所述第一天线部和所述第二天线部的电流路径相等。The current paths of the first antenna portion and the second antenna portion are equal.
可选的,所述天线还包括:Optionally, the antenna further includes:
第二辐射单元,所述第二辐射单元包括相互电连接的第三辐射部和第四辐射部,其中所述第三辐射部设置在所述第一面上,所述第四辐射部设置在所述第二面上;A second radiating unit including a third radiating portion and a fourth radiating portion electrically connected to each other, wherein the third radiating portion is disposed on the first surface and the fourth radiating portion is disposed on The second surface;
第二天线地单元,所述第二天线地单元包括相互电连接的第三天线地部和第四天线地部,其中所述第三天线地部设置在所述第一面上,所述第四天线地部设置在所述第二面上;A second antenna ground unit comprising a third antenna ground portion and a fourth antenna ground portion electrically connected to each other, wherein the third antenna ground portion is disposed on the first surface, and the first antenna ground portion A four-antenna ground portion is disposed on the second surface;
所述第二辐射单元和所述第二天线地单元通过所述同轴线馈电。The second radiating unit and the second antenna ground unit are fed through the coaxial line.
这样设置使得该天线不仅包括第一辐射单元和第一天线地单元,还包括第二辐射单元和第二天线地单元,从而使该天线可支持两个不同的工作频段,即,使天线可在双频段下工作,提高了天线的性能。This arrangement allows the antenna to include not only the first radiating unit and the first antenna ground unit, but also the second radiating unit and the second antenna ground unit, so that the antenna can support two different working frequency bands, that is, the antenna can be used in Working in dual frequency bands improves antenna performance.
可选的,所述第三辐射部设置在所述第一辐射部的靠近所述第一天线地部的一端,所述第三天线地部设置在所述第一天线地部的靠近所述第一辐射部的一端;Optionally, the third radiating portion is disposed at an end of the first radiating portion near the first antenna ground portion, and the third antenna radiating portion is provided near the first antenna ground portion. One end of the first radiation part;
所述第四辐射部设置在所述第二辐射部的靠近所述第二天线地部的一端,所述第四天线地部设置在所述第二天线地部的靠近所述第二辐射部的一端。The fourth radiating portion is disposed at an end of the second radiating portion near the second antenna ground portion, and the fourth antenna radiating portion is provided at the second antenna ground portion near the second radiating portion. The end.
可选的,所述第一辐射部和所述第三辐射部一体成型;所述第一天线地 部和所述第三天线地部一体成型;Optionally, the first radiation portion and the third radiation portion are integrally formed; the first antenna ground portion and the third antenna ground portion are integrally formed;
所述第二辐射部和所述第四辐射部一体成型;所述第二天线地部和所述第四天线地部一体成型。The second radiating portion and the fourth radiating portion are integrally formed; the second antenna ground portion and the fourth antenna ground portion are integrally formed.
这样使得制作更加方便,且相互之间的连接更加可靠。This makes the production more convenient, and the connection between them is more reliable.
可选的,所述第三辐射部和所述第四辐射部的电流路径长度相等;Optionally, the lengths of the current paths of the third radiating portion and the fourth radiating portion are equal;
所述第三天线部和所述第四天线部的电流路径相等。The current paths of the third antenna portion and the fourth antenna portion are equal.
可选的,所述天线还包括可导电的引向板,所述引向板间隔设置于所述基板背离所述机体的一面,所述引向板用于将所述天线的辐射引导至远离所述机体的方向。Optionally, the antenna further includes a conductive guide plate, the guide plate is disposed at an interval on a side of the substrate facing away from the body, and the guide plate is used to guide the radiation of the antenna away from The direction of the body.
可选的,所述引向板包括承载板和设置在所述承载板上的金属件。Optionally, the guide plate includes a bearing plate and a metal piece disposed on the bearing plate.
通过引向板的金属件对辐射单元发出的电磁波进行引导,通过承载板对金属件进行固定。The metal pieces directed to the plate guide the electromagnetic waves emitted by the radiation unit, and the metal pieces are fixed by the carrier plate.
可选的,所述金属件为金属板或者金属条或者金属丝。Optionally, the metal piece is a metal plate, a metal bar, or a metal wire.
可选的,所述金属件所在的平面与所述基板所在的平面平行。Optionally, a plane where the metal member is located is parallel to a plane where the substrate is located.
可选的,所述金属件在沿所述基板的长度方向上的尺寸介于四分之一波长至二分之一波长之间,所述波长为所述天线发出的电磁波的波长。Optionally, a size of the metal member in a length direction of the substrate is between a quarter wavelength and a half wavelength, and the wavelength is a wavelength of an electromagnetic wave emitted by the antenna.
将金属件的长度设置在上述范围内,在保证其对电磁波的有效引导的基础上,节省了制作成本。Setting the length of the metal part within the above range saves production costs on the basis of ensuring that it effectively guides electromagnetic waves.
可选的,所述金属件与所述基板的背离所述机体的一面之间的距离介于二十分之一波长至十分之一波长之间,所述波长为所述天线发出的电磁波的波长。Optionally, the distance between the metal piece and the side of the substrate facing away from the body is between one-twentieth and one-tenth of a wavelength, and the wavelength is an electromagnetic wave emitted by the antenna. The wavelength.
通过将金属件与基板的背离机体的一面之间的距离设置在上述范围内,使得能量更多地被引导辐射到远离机体的方向,加强了整机各方向的辐射。By setting the distance between the metal piece and the side of the substrate facing away from the body within the above range, the energy is more guided to be radiated away from the body, thereby enhancing the radiation of the machine in all directions.
可选的,所述第一面背离所述机体,所述第二面面向所述机体,所述引向板位于所述第一面的一侧,且与所述第一面之间具有所述间距。Optionally, the first face faces away from the body, the second face faces the body, and the guide plate is located on one side of the first face and has a space between the first face and the first face. Mentioned spacing.
可选的,所述同轴线位于所述第一面的一侧,所述第一辐射部和所述第一天线地部间隔设置,所述同轴线的外导***于所述第一天线地部的一侧,且与所述第一天线地部电连接,所述同轴线的内导体延伸至所述第一辐射部并与所述第一辐射部电连接。Optionally, the coaxial line is located on one side of the first surface, the first radiating portion and the first antenna ground portion are spaced apart, and an outer conductor of the coaxial line is located on the first antenna One side of the ground portion is electrically connected to the ground portion of the first antenna, and the inner conductor of the coaxial line extends to the first radiation portion and is electrically connected to the first radiation portion.
可选的,所述同轴线与所述基板的第一面之间具有间隙。Optionally, there is a gap between the coaxial line and the first surface of the substrate.
可选的,所述间隙大于零且小于十分之一波长,所述波长为所述天线发出的电磁波的波长。Optionally, the gap is greater than zero and less than one tenth of a wavelength, and the wavelength is a wavelength of an electromagnetic wave emitted by the antenna.
可选的,所述间隙中填充有不导电介质。Optionally, the gap is filled with a non-conductive medium.
可选的,所述第一天线地部的对应所述同轴线的位置开设有通槽。Optionally, the first antenna ground portion is provided with a through slot at a position corresponding to the coaxial line.
可选的,所述同轴线的中轴线在所述通槽中的投影与所述通槽的中轴线重合。Optionally, the projection of the central axis of the coaxial line in the through slot coincides with the central axis of the through slot.
这样使得同轴线的走线在通槽的中心位置,在该位置时天线的辐射性能最佳。In this way, the coaxial cable is routed at the center of the slot, and the antenna's radiation performance is optimal at this position.
可选的,所述天线还包括设置在所述基板上的第二辐射单元和第二天线地单元;Optionally, the antenna further includes a second radiating unit and a second antenna ground unit provided on the substrate;
所述第二辐射单元包括设置在所述第一面上的与所述第一辐射部电连接的第三辐射部以及设置在所述第二面上的与所述第二辐射部电连接的第四辐射部,且所述第三辐射部和所述第四辐射部电连接;The second radiation unit includes a third radiation portion provided on the first surface and electrically connected to the first radiation portion, and a third radiation portion provided on the second surface and electrically connected to the second radiation portion. A fourth radiating portion, and the third radiating portion and the fourth radiating portion are electrically connected;
所述第二天线地单元包括设置在所述第一面上的与所述第一天线地部电连接的第三天线地部以及设置在所述第二面上的与所述第二天线地部电连接的第四天线地部,且所述第三天线地部和所述第四天线地部电连接。The second antenna ground unit includes a third antenna ground portion provided on the first surface and electrically connected to the first antenna ground portion, and a second antenna ground portion provided on the second surface. The fourth antenna ground portion is electrically connected, and the third antenna ground portion and the fourth antenna ground portion are electrically connected.
第二方面,本发明提供一种无人飞行器,包括机体、与所述机体相连的机臂、设于所述机臂的动力装置以及安装在所述机体的如上所述的天线。In a second aspect, the present invention provides an unmanned aerial vehicle, including a body, an arm connected to the body, a power unit provided on the arm, and the antenna as described above mounted on the body.
本发明的无人飞行器,通过在同轴线上设置用于扼流的铜管,当天线工作时,铜管可以扼制同轴线上的电流,使得天线辐射出来的能量不会受同轴线折叠等情况的影响,从而提高了辐射效率,天线的方向图更稳定。The unmanned aerial vehicle of the present invention is provided with a copper tube for choke on a coaxial line. When the antenna works, the copper tube can choke the current on the coaxial line, so that the energy radiated by the antenna will not be affected by the coaxial line. The effect of folding, etc., thus improves the radiation efficiency, and the antenna pattern is more stable.
另外,将其天线的第一辐射单元设置为电连接的第一辐射部和第二辐射部,将第一天线地单元设置为电连接的第一天线地部和第二天线地部,使第一辐射部和第一天线地部位于基板的第一面,使第二辐射部和第二天线地部位于基板的与第一面相背的第二面上,也就是说,与现有技术相比,本发明的天线基板的两侧均具有辐射部,即,基板的相背的两个面均产生辐射,从而大大提高了天线的辐射效率;而且,即使在生产过程中基板的不同位置的厚度不一致,由于基板的相背的两个面上均有辐射部和天线地部存在,从而降低了天线的谐振频率的偏移量,提高了天线的辐射效率。In addition, the first radiating unit of the antenna is provided as the first and second radiating portions electrically connected, and the first antenna ground unit is provided as the first and second antenna ground portions electrically connected, so that the first A radiating portion and a first antenna ground portion are located on a first surface of the substrate, and a second radiating portion and a second antenna ground portion are located on a second surface of the substrate opposite to the first surface, that is, in contrast to the prior art In contrast, the antenna substrate of the present invention has radiating portions on both sides, that is, two opposite sides of the substrate generate radiation, thereby greatly improving the radiation efficiency of the antenna; moreover, even in different positions of the substrate during production, The thicknesses are inconsistent. Since there are radiating portions and antenna ground portions on the two opposite sides of the substrate, the offset amount of the resonance frequency of the antenna is reduced, and the radiation efficiency of the antenna is improved.
可选的,所述无人飞行器还包括连接在所述机臂上的脚架,所述天线设 置在所述脚架内。Optionally, the UAV further includes a tripod connected to the aircraft arm, and the antenna is disposed in the tripod.
通过将天线安装在脚架内,有效地利用了脚架内部的闲置空间,无需增大无人飞行器的体积。By installing the antenna in the tripod, the free space inside the tripod is effectively used without increasing the volume of the UAV.
本发明的构造以及它的其他目的及有益效果将会通过结合附图而对优选实施例的描述而更加明显易懂。The structure of the present invention and its other objects and beneficial effects will be more apparent and comprehensible through the description of the preferred embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
一个或多个实施例通过与之对应的附图中的图片进行示例性说明,这些示例性说明并不构成对实施例的限定,附图中具有相同参考数字标号的元件表示为类似的元件,除非有特别申明,附图中的图不构成比例限制。One or more embodiments are exemplified by the pictures in the accompanying drawings. These exemplary descriptions do not constitute a limitation on the embodiments. Elements with the same reference numerals in the drawings are denoted as similar elements. Unless otherwise stated, the drawings in the drawings do not constitute a limitation on scale.
图1为本发明实施例一提供的天线的基板的第一面的结构示意图;FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a first surface of a substrate of an antenna according to a first embodiment of the present invention; FIG.
图2为图1中I处的结构放大图;2 is an enlarged view of a structure at I in FIG. 1;
图3为本发明实施例一提供的天线的基板的第二面的结构示意图;3 is a schematic structural diagram of a second surface of a substrate of an antenna according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention;
图4为图3中I处的结构放大图;4 is an enlarged view of the structure at I in FIG. 3;
图5为本发明实施例一提供的天线装上筒管后的结构示意图;5 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna provided on a bobbin according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention;
图6为本发明实施例一提供的天线加入筒管和引向板后的整体结构示意图;FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the antenna provided in the tube and the guide plate according to the first embodiment of the present invention; FIG.
图7为本发明实施例一提供的天线的引向板的结构示意图;7 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna guide plate provided by Embodiment 1 of the present invention;
图8为本发明实施例一提供的天线加入铜管后在水平面和垂直面上的方向图;FIG. 8 is a directional view of the antenna provided in the first embodiment of the present invention on a horizontal plane and a vertical plane after the copper pipe is added; FIG.
图9为本发明实施例二提供的天线的基板的第一面的结构示意图;9 is a schematic structural diagram of a first surface of a substrate of an antenna provided in Embodiment 2 of the present invention;
图10为图9中I处的结构放大图;10 is an enlarged view of the structure at I in FIG. 9;
图11为本发明实施二提供的天线的基板的第二面的结构示意图;11 is a schematic structural diagram of a second surface of a substrate of an antenna provided by Embodiment 2 of the present invention;
图12为图11中I处的结构放大图;FIG. 12 is an enlarged view of the structure at I in FIG. 11; FIG.
图13为本发明实施例二提供的天线的驻波参数图;FIG. 13 is a standing wave parameter diagram of an antenna provided by Embodiment 2 of the present invention; FIG.
图14为本发明实施例三提供的无人飞行器的结构示意图;14 is a schematic structural diagram of an unmanned aerial vehicle provided by Embodiment 3 of the present invention;
图15为本发明实施例三提供的无人飞行器的侧视图。FIG. 15 is a side view of an unmanned aerial vehicle provided by Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚,下面将结合本发明 实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。In order to make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments It is a part, but not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by a person of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
在本发明创造的描述中,需要理解的是,术语“左”、“右”、“竖向”、“横向”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系,仅是为了便于描述本发明创造和简化描述,而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作,因此不能理解为对本发明创造的限制。此外,术语“第一”、“第二”“第三”“第四”等仅用于描述目的,而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此,限定有“第一”、“第二”“第三”“第四”等的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括一个或者更多个该特征。In the description created by the present invention, it should be understood that the orientations or positional relationships indicated by the terms “left”, “right”, “vertical”, and “lateral” are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and only It is to facilitate the description of the invention and simplify the description, and does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, structure and operation in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", "third", "fourth", etc. are used for descriptive purposes only, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, the features defined as "first", "second", "third", "fourth", etc. may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features.
在本发明创造的描述中,需要说明的是,除非另有明确的规定和限定,术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解,例如,可以是固定连接,也可以是可拆卸连接,或一体地连接;可以是机械连接,也可以是电连接;可以是直接相连,也可以通过中间媒介间接相连,可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言,可以通过具体情况理解上述术语在本发明创造中的具体含义。In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "installation", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense unless otherwise specified and limited, for example, they may be fixed connections, or may be Disassembly connection, or integral connection; it can be mechanical or electrical connection; it can be directly connected, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two elements. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the creation of the present invention can be understood through specific situations.
下面通过具体的实施例对本发明的天线、应用该天线的无人飞行器的遥控器以及无人飞行器进行详细说明。The antenna of the present invention, a remote controller of an unmanned aerial vehicle using the antenna, and an unmanned aerial vehicle will be described in detail through specific embodiments.
实施例一Example one
图1为本发明实施例一提供的天线的基板的第一面的结构示意图。图2为图1中I处的结构放大图。图3为本发明实施例一提供的天线的基板的第二面的结构示意图。图4为图3中I处的结构放大图。图5为本发明实施例一提供的天线装上筒管后的结构示意图。图6为本发明实施例一提供的天线加入筒管和引向板后的整体结构示意图。图7为本发明实施例一提供的天线的引向板的结构示意图。参照图1至图7所示,本发明提供一种天线。该天线可应用在无人飞行器上。当该天线应用在无人飞行器上时,天线具体安装在无人飞行器的机体的外部。FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a first surface of a substrate of an antenna according to a first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of the structure at I in FIG. 1. FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a second surface of a substrate of an antenna provided by Embodiment 1 of the present invention. FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of the structure at I in FIG. 3. FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna provided with a bobbin according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the antenna provided with the bobbin and the guide plate according to the first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna guide plate provided by Embodiment 1 of the present invention. Referring to FIG. 1 to FIG. 7, the present invention provides an antenna. The antenna can be applied to unmanned aerial vehicles. When the antenna is applied to an unmanned aerial vehicle, the antenna is specifically installed outside the body of the unmanned aerial vehicle.
该天线包括:基板1以及设置在基板1上的第一辐射单元和第一天线地单元,第一辐射单元和第一天线地单元通过同轴线4馈电。具体地,同轴线4具有外导体41、内导体42以及位于外导体41和内导体42之间的绝缘介质层,其中,同轴线4的内导体42(即馈电端)与第一辐射单元相连,同轴线4的外导体41(即接地端)与第一天线地单元相连。The antenna includes a substrate 1 and a first radiating unit and a first antenna ground unit provided on the substrate 1. The first radiating unit and the first antenna ground unit are fed through a coaxial line 4. Specifically, the coaxial line 4 has an outer conductor 41, an inner conductor 42, and an insulating dielectric layer located between the outer conductor 41 and the inner conductor 42. The inner conductor 42 (ie, the feeding end) of the coaxial line 4 and the first The radiating unit is connected, and the outer conductor 41 (ie, the ground terminal) of the coaxial line 4 is connected to the first antenna ground unit.
其中,基板1具有相背的第一面11和第二面12。第一辐射单元包括:第一辐射部21和第二辐射部22,第一辐射部21设置在第一面11上,第二辐射部22设置在第二面12上,且第一辐射部21和第二辐射部22电连接,第一辐射部21和第二辐射部22的电流路径长度相等。第一天线地单元包括:第一天线地部31和第二天线地部32,第一天线地部31设置在第一面11上,第二天线地部32设置在第二面12上,且第二天线地部32和第一天线地部31电连接,而且,第一天线地部31和第二天线地部32的电流路径长度相等。The substrate 1 has a first surface 11 and a second surface 12 opposite to each other. The first radiating unit includes a first radiating portion 21 and a second radiating portion 22, the first radiating portion 21 is provided on the first surface 11, the second radiating portion 22 is provided on the second surface 12, and the first radiating portion 21 It is electrically connected to the second radiating portion 22, and the current path lengths of the first radiating portion 21 and the second radiating portion 22 are equal. The first antenna ground unit includes a first antenna ground portion 31 and a second antenna ground portion 32. The first antenna ground portion 31 is provided on the first surface 11 and the second antenna ground portion 32 is provided on the second surface 12. The second antenna ground portion 32 and the first antenna ground portion 31 are electrically connected, and the current path lengths of the first antenna ground portion 31 and the second antenna ground portion 32 are equal.
可以理解的是,基板1的第一面11具有第一辐射部21和第一天线地部31,基板1的第二面12具有第二辐射部22和第二天线地部32,也就是说,第一辐射单元的一部分位于基板1的第一面11,第一辐射单元的另一部分位于基板1的第二面12,第一天线地单元的一部分位于基板1的第一面11,第一天线地单元的另一部分位于基板1的第二面12,即,基板1的两侧均具有辐射部和天线地部,基板1的两侧均能够产生辐射,从而大大提高了天线的辐射效率。It can be understood that the first surface 11 of the substrate 1 has a first radiating portion 21 and a first antenna ground portion 31, and the second surface 12 of the substrate 1 has a second radiating portion 22 and a second antenna ground portion 32, that is, A part of the first radiation unit is located on the first surface 11 of the substrate 1, another part of the first radiation unit is located on the second surface 12 of the substrate 1, and a portion of the first antenna ground unit is located on the first surface 11 of the substrate 1. The other part of the antenna ground unit is located on the second surface 12 of the substrate 1, that is, both sides of the substrate 1 have a radiating portion and an antenna ground portion, and both sides of the substrate 1 can generate radiation, thereby greatly improving the radiation efficiency of the antenna.
在现有技术中,整个辐射单元和天线地单元均设置在基板的同一面上,在生产过程中若基板的不同位置的厚度不一致时,即,基板厚度不均匀时,天线的谐振频率会发生偏移,导致天线辐射效率降低。而在本实施例中,即使基板1的厚度不均匀,由于本实施例的基板1的两侧均有辐射部和天线地部存在,且位于基板1的第一面11的第一辐射部21和位于基板1第二面12的第二辐射部22的电流路径长度相等,位于基板1第一面11的第一天线地部31和位于基板1第二面12的第二天线地部32的电流路径长度相等,从而保证了天线基板两侧的电磁波能够在同一谐振频率下谐振,使天线的谐振频率不会偏移,从而提高了天线的辐射效率。In the prior art, the entire radiating unit and the antenna ground unit are disposed on the same surface of the substrate. If the thicknesses of different locations of the substrate are not consistent during the production process, that is, when the thickness of the substrate is uneven, the resonance frequency of the antenna will occur. Offset, resulting in reduced antenna radiation efficiency. In this embodiment, even if the thickness of the substrate 1 is not uniform, since both sides of the substrate 1 in this embodiment have radiation portions and antenna ground portions, and the first radiation portion 21 is located on the first surface 11 of the substrate 1. The length of the current path is the same as the length of the current path of the second radiating portion 22 on the second surface 12 of the substrate 1, and the length of the first antenna ground portion 31 on the first surface 11 of the substrate 1 and the second antenna ground portion 32 on the second surface 12 of the substrate 1 The lengths of the current paths are equal, thereby ensuring that electromagnetic waves on both sides of the antenna substrate can resonate at the same resonance frequency, so that the resonance frequency of the antenna does not shift, thereby improving the radiation efficiency of the antenna.
需要说明的是,参照图1至图4所示,上述的第一辐射部21和第二辐射部22的电流路径长度相等,此处的电流路径主要是沿第一辐射单元的边沿走向,即,沿第一辐射部21的边沿和第二辐射部22的边沿。上述的第一天线地 部31和第二天线地部32的电流路径长度相等,此处的电流路径主要是沿第一天线单元的边沿走向,即,沿第一天线地部31的边沿和第二天线地部32的边沿。需要说明的是,对于电流的具体路径本发明并不限于此,只要能够保证第一辐射部21和第二辐射部22的电流路径长度相等,保证第一天线地部31和第二天线地部32的电流路径长度相等即可。It should be noted that, referring to FIG. 1 to FIG. 4, the current paths of the first radiating part 21 and the second radiating part 22 are equal in length, and the current path here mainly runs along the edge of the first radiating unit, that is, , Along the edge of the first radiating portion 21 and the edge of the second radiating portion 22. The lengths of the current paths of the first antenna ground portion 31 and the second antenna ground portion 32 are the same. The current paths here are mainly along the edges of the first antenna unit, that is, along the edges of the first antenna ground portion 31 and the first antenna ground portion 31. The edges of the two antenna ground portions 32. It should be noted that the present invention is not limited to the specific path of the current, as long as the current path lengths of the first radiating part 21 and the second radiating part 22 can be ensured to be equal, and the first antenna ground part 31 and the second antenna ground part are guaranteed The current path lengths of 32 may be equal.
其中,基板1可以是印制电路板(Printed Circuit Board,简称PCB),也就是说,本实施例的天线具体可以是PCB板天线。具体地,第一辐射单元、第一天线地单元可以由位于基板1上的金属(如铜片)制成。由于第一辐射单元和第一天线地单元分布在基板1的第一面11和第二面12,相当于基板1的正反面都有了金属,从而可以减小基板1对辐射的损耗,提高了天线的性能。The substrate 1 may be a printed circuit board (PCB), that is, the antenna in this embodiment may be a PCB antenna. Specifically, the first radiation unit and the first antenna ground unit may be made of a metal (such as a copper sheet) on the substrate 1. Since the first radiation unit and the first antenna ground unit are distributed on the first surface 11 and the second surface 12 of the substrate 1, it is equivalent to having metal on the front and back surfaces of the substrate 1, thereby reducing the radiation loss of the substrate 1 and improving The performance of the antenna.
通过天线进行信号的收发,从而可使无人飞行器通过该天线实现与地面控制单元(比如与该机体配套使用的遥控器)之间的信号传送。需要说明的是,该天线也可以应用在其他需要收发信号的装置上,当天线应用在其他需要收发信号的装置上时,天线的具体安装方向与其安装在无人飞行器上时相同。Signals are transmitted and received through the antenna, so that the UAV can realize signal transmission with the ground control unit (such as a remote control used with the airframe) through the antenna. It should be noted that the antenna can also be applied to other devices that need to send and receive signals. When the antenna is applied to other devices that need to send and receive signals, the specific installation direction of the antenna is the same as when it is installed on an unmanned aerial vehicle.
本实施例提供的天线,通过将第一辐射单元设置为电连接的第一辐射部21和第二辐射部22,将第一天线地单元设置为电连接的第一天线地部31和第二天线地部32,使第一辐射部21和第一天线地部31位于基板1的第一面11,使第二辐射部22和第二天线地部32位于基板1的与第一面11相背的第二面12上,也就是说,基板1的两侧均具有辐射部,即,基板1的两侧均产生辐射,从而大大提高了天线的辐射效率;而且,即使在生产过程中基板1的不同位置的厚度不一致,由于本实施例的天线基板1的相背的两个面上均有辐射部和天线地部存在,且位于基板第一面11的第一辐射部21和位于基板第二面12的第二辐射部22的电流路径长度相等,位于基板第一面11的第一天线地部31和位于基板第二面12的第二天线地部32的电流路径长度相等,从而保证了天线基板两侧的电磁波能够在同一谐振频率下谐振,使天线的谐振频率不会偏移,从而大大提高了天线的辐射效率。In the antenna provided in this embodiment, by setting the first radiating unit as the first radiating portion 21 and the second radiating portion 22 that are electrically connected, the first antenna ground unit is set as the first antenna ground portion 31 and the second electrically connected The antenna ground portion 32 is such that the first radiating portion 21 and the first antenna ground portion 31 are located on the first surface 11 of the substrate 1, and the second radiation portion 22 and the second antenna ground portion 32 are located on the substrate 1 opposite to the first surface 11 The second surface 12 on the back, that is, both sides of the substrate 1 have radiating portions, that is, both sides of the substrate 1 generate radiation, thereby greatly improving the radiation efficiency of the antenna; moreover, even during the production process, the substrate The thicknesses at different positions of 1 are inconsistent, because the antenna substrate 1 of this embodiment has radiating portions and antenna ground portions on two opposite sides, and the first radiating portion 21 located on the first surface 11 of the substrate and the substrate are located on the substrate. The length of the current path of the second radiating portion 22 of the second surface 12 is the same, and the length of the current path of the first antenna ground portion 31 on the first surface 11 of the substrate and the second antenna ground portion 32 on the second surface 12 of the substrate are equal, so that Ensure that the electromagnetic waves on both sides of the antenna substrate can be the same The vibration frequency of the resonator, the resonance frequency of the antenna does not shift, thereby greatly improving the antenna radiation efficiency.
进一步地,通过扼制同轴线上的电流,可以防止天线方向图的畸变,使得天线辐射出来的能量不会受同轴线折叠等情况的影响,天线的方向图更稳定。因此,如图5所示,在同轴线上设置了铜管9,对天线实现扼流效果,以提高天线辐射效率和改善方向图。Further, by suppressing the current on the coaxial line, the distortion of the antenna pattern can be prevented, so that the energy radiated by the antenna will not be affected by the folding of the coaxial line, and the antenna pattern is more stable. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 5, a copper pipe 9 is provided on the coaxial line to achieve a choke effect on the antenna, so as to improve the radiation efficiency of the antenna and improve the pattern.
在一个实施例中,铜管9远离所述第一辐射单元的一端焊接在同轴线4上。因为铜管9与同轴线4的焊接点相当于短路点,而铜管9上与所述短路点相对的另一端相当于开路点,所述开路点距离同轴线4的馈电端越近,越有利于方向图的稳定。In one embodiment, an end of the copper tube 9 remote from the first radiating unit is welded to the coaxial line 4. Because the welding point of the copper tube 9 and the coaxial line 4 is equivalent to a short-circuit point, and the other end on the copper tube 9 opposite to the short-circuit point is equivalent to an open-circuit point, the more the open-circuit point is away from the feeding end of the coaxial line 4 The closer it is, the more favorable it is to stabilize the pattern.
铜管9的长度为四分之一波长,所述波长为所述天线发出的电磁波的波长(也相当于天线工作频率的四分之一波长)。可以理解,在其他实施例中,铜管9的长度可以不用这么精确,约为四分之一波长即可。The length of the copper tube 9 is a quarter wavelength, and the wavelength is the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave emitted by the antenna (also equivalent to a quarter wavelength of the operating frequency of the antenna). It can be understood that, in other embodiments, the length of the copper tube 9 may not be so precise, and only about a quarter of a wavelength may be sufficient.
铜管9原则上在设置时离同轴线的馈电端越近越好,但为了避免铜管9与基板1的直接接触,一般将铜管9的开路点与基板错开设置。In principle, the copper pipe 9 should be located as close to the feeding end of the coaxial line as possible, but in order to avoid direct contact between the copper pipe 9 and the substrate 1, the open circuit point of the copper pipe 9 and the substrate are generally staggered.
具体使用时,若基板1的面向机体的一面辐射出的电磁波的部分被机体反射,反射过来的部分电磁波会与基板1的背离机体的一面辐射出的电磁波叠加,导致天线在背离机体的某个方向上的辐射会变弱,因此,在本实施例中,该天线还包括:位于基板1的背离机体的一面的可导电的引向板7,且引向板7与基板1的背离机体的一面之间具有间距。也就是说,通过引向板将天线的辐射引导至远离机体的方向,可对叠加的电磁波进行有效补偿,且使得更多的电磁波被引导辐射至远离机体的方向,加强了整机各方向的辐射,从而进一步提高了天线的辐射效率。In specific use, if the part of the electromagnetic wave radiated from the side of the substrate 1 facing the body is reflected by the body, the part of the reflected electromagnetic wave will be superimposed with the electromagnetic wave radiated from the side of the substrate 1 facing away from the body, causing the antenna to face away from the body. The radiation in the direction will be weakened. Therefore, in this embodiment, the antenna further includes: a conductive guide plate 7 on a side of the substrate 1 facing away from the body, and the direction of the guide plate 7 and the substrate 1 facing away from the body. There is a gap between one side. In other words, by directing the radiation of the antenna away from the body through the guide plate, the superimposed electromagnetic waves can be effectively compensated, and more electromagnetic waves are guided to radiate away from the body, which strengthens the direction of the entire machine. Radiation, thereby further improving the radiation efficiency of the antenna.
参照图6和图7所示,引向板7具体可包括:承载板71和设置在承载板71上的金属件72。即,通过金属件72对辐射单元发出的电磁波进行引导,通过承载板对金属件72进行固定。其中,承载板71具体可选用不导电的材质制成,比如塑料,本发明对此不作限定。金属件72具体可以为金属板,也可以为金属条或者金属丝等。Referring to FIGS. 6 and 7, the guide plate 7 may specifically include a bearing plate 71 and a metal piece 72 disposed on the bearing plate 71. That is, the electromagnetic wave emitted from the radiation unit is guided by the metal member 72, and the metal member 72 is fixed by the carrier plate. The carrier plate 71 may be made of a non-conductive material, such as plastic, which is not limited in the present invention. The metal piece 72 may be a metal plate or a metal bar or a wire.
其中,金属件72可以嵌设在承载板71内,也可以设置在承载板71的表面,具体可根据实际需求进行设定。Wherein, the metal piece 72 may be embedded in the bearing plate 71 or may be provided on the surface of the bearing plate 71, which may be specifically set according to actual needs.
在本实施例中,金属件72具体为长方形金属薄板,比如,铜板或者铝板。具体制作时,可将金属件72的宽度设置为1mm,本发明对此不作限定。In this embodiment, the metal piece 72 is specifically a rectangular metal thin plate, such as a copper plate or an aluminum plate. In specific manufacturing, the width of the metal piece 72 may be set to 1 mm, which is not limited in the present invention.
若将金属件72的长度做的较长,会不可避免地增大承载板71以及整个天线的尺寸,且增大了制作成本;但若将金属件72的长度做的较短,会导致对电磁波的引导效果较差。因此,在本实施例中,较为优选的,可将金属件72的在沿基板1的长度方向上的尺寸b设置在四分之一波长至二分之一波长之 间,其中,波长为天线发出的电磁波的波长。可以理解的是,频率不同,波长则不同,可根据频率计算相应的波长,然后根据波长设定金属件72的具体尺寸。在本实施例中,金属件72的在沿基板1的长度方向上的尺寸b具体为三分之一波长。将金属件72的长度设置在上述范围内,在保证其对电磁波的有效引导的基础上,无需使金属件72做的较大,节省了制作成本。If the length of the metal piece 72 is made longer, the size of the carrier plate 71 and the entire antenna will inevitably be increased, and the manufacturing cost will be increased; but if the length of the metal piece 72 is made shorter, it will result in The electromagnetic wave guidance effect is poor. Therefore, in this embodiment, it is more preferable that the dimension b of the metal member 72 along the length direction of the substrate 1 be set between a quarter wavelength and a half wavelength, where the wavelength is an antenna The wavelength of the emitted electromagnetic wave. It can be understood that different frequencies have different wavelengths. The corresponding wavelength can be calculated according to the frequency, and then the specific size of the metal piece 72 can be set according to the wavelength. In this embodiment, the dimension b of the metal piece 72 in the length direction of the substrate 1 is specifically a third wavelength. The length of the metal piece 72 is set within the above range, and on the basis of ensuring that it effectively guides electromagnetic waves, there is no need to make the metal piece 72 larger, which saves production costs.
其中,可使金属件72所在的平面与基板1所在的平面平行。较为优选的,可将金属件72与基板1的背离机体的一面之间的距离a设置在二十分之一波长至十分之一波长之间,其中,波长为天线发出的电磁波的波长。在本实施例中,该距离a具体为十五分之一波长。可以理解的是,频率不同,波长则不同,可根据频率计算相应的波长,然后根据波长设定金属件72与基板1的背离机体的一面之间的距离a的具体尺寸。通过将金属件72与基板1的背离机体的一面之间的距离设置在上述范围内,使得能量更多地被引导辐射到远离机体的方向,加强了整机各方向的辐射。The plane where the metal piece 72 is located can be parallel to the plane where the substrate 1 is located. More preferably, the distance a between the metal piece 72 and the side of the substrate 1 facing away from the body can be set between one-twentieth wavelength and one-tenth wavelength, where the wavelength is the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave emitted by the antenna. In this embodiment, the distance a is specifically a fifteenth wavelength. It can be understood that different frequencies have different wavelengths. The corresponding wavelength can be calculated according to the frequency, and then the specific size of the distance a between the metal piece 72 and the side of the substrate 1 facing away from the body can be set according to the wavelength. By setting the distance between the metal piece 72 and the side of the substrate 1 facing away from the body within the above-mentioned range, energy is more guided to be radiated away from the body, and radiation in all directions of the whole machine is enhanced.
当然,在其他实现方式中,也可以使金属件72相对于基板1倾斜设置,即,金属件72所在的平面与基板1所在的平面之间具有夹角,只要使金属件72能够将更多的电磁波引导辐射至远离机体的方向即可。Of course, in other implementation manners, the metal piece 72 may also be tilted relative to the substrate 1, that is, an angle is included between the plane where the metal piece 72 is located and the plane where the substrate 1 is located, as long as the metal piece 72 can make more The electromagnetic waves can guide the radiation away from the body.
在本实施例中,基板1的第一面11背离机体,基板1的第二面12面向机体,引向板7具***于第一面11的一侧,且与第一面11之间具有间距,也就是说,引向板7位于第一面11的外侧。In this embodiment, the first surface 11 of the substrate 1 faces away from the body, the second surface 12 of the substrate 1 faces the body, and the guide plate 7 is specifically located on one side of the first surface 11 with a distance from the first surface 11 That is, the guide plate 7 is located outside the first surface 11.
当然,在其他实现方式中,也可以使基板1的第一面11面向机体,基板1的第二面12背离机体,此时,引向板7位于第二面12的一侧,且与第二面12之间具有间距,也就是说,引向板7位于第二面12的外侧。Of course, in other implementations, the first surface 11 of the substrate 1 may face the body, and the second surface 12 of the substrate 1 faces away from the body. At this time, the guide plate 7 is located on the side of the second surface 12 and is There is a gap between the two faces 12, that is, the guide plate 7 is located outside the second face 12.
在本实施例中,可使同轴线4位于基板1的第一面11的一侧。可以理解的是,第一辐射部21和第一天线地部31间隔设置,同轴线4的外导体41位于第一天线地部31的一侧,且与第一天线地部31电连接。同轴线4的内导体42延伸至第一辐射部21并与第一辐射部21电连接。由于第二辐射部22与第一辐射部21电连接,即,第二辐射部22与同轴线4的内导体42电连接。由于第二天线地部32与第一天线地部31电连接,即,第二天线地部32与同轴线4的外导体41电连接,从而使第一辐射单元与第一天线地单元通过同轴线4馈电。In this embodiment, the coaxial line 4 can be located on one side of the first surface 11 of the substrate 1. It can be understood that the first radiating portion 21 and the first antenna ground portion 31 are spaced apart, and the outer conductor 41 of the coaxial line 4 is located on one side of the first antenna ground portion 31 and is electrically connected to the first antenna ground portion 31. The inner conductor 42 on the same axis 4 extends to the first radiating portion 21 and is electrically connected to the first radiating portion 21. Since the second radiating portion 22 is electrically connected to the first radiating portion 21, that is, the second radiating portion 22 is electrically connected to the inner conductor 42 of the coaxial line 4. Since the second antenna ground portion 32 is electrically connected to the first antenna ground portion 31, that is, the second antenna ground portion 32 is electrically connected to the outer conductor 41 of the coaxial line 4, so that the first radiation unit and the first antenna ground unit pass through. Co-axial 4 feeds.
示例性的,如图1和图3所示,第一天线地部31设置在基板1的第一面11的上半部,第一辐射部21设置在基板1的第一面11的下半部。第二天线地部32设置在基板1的第二面12的上半部,第二辐射部22设置在基板1的第二面12的下半部。当然,两个的位置也可以互换,只要保证第一辐射部21和第二辐射部22的位置对应,第一天线地部31和第二天线地部32的位置对应即可。参照图1至图6,具体实现时,第一天线地部31的靠近第一辐射部21的一端处设置有焊盘43,第一天线地部31通过该焊盘43与同轴线4的外导体41焊接在一起;第一辐射部21的靠近第一天线地部31的一端处设置有焊盘44,第一辐射部21通过该焊盘44与同轴线4的内导体42焊接在一起。Exemplarily, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 3, the first antenna ground portion 31 is disposed on the upper half of the first surface 11 of the substrate 1, and the first radiation portion 21 is disposed on the lower half of the first surface 11 of the substrate 1. unit. The second antenna ground portion 32 is provided on the upper half of the second surface 12 of the substrate 1, and the second radiation portion 22 is provided on the lower half of the second surface 12 of the substrate 1. Of course, the two positions can also be interchanged, as long as the positions of the first radiating portion 21 and the second radiating portion 22 are ensured to correspond, and the positions of the first antenna ground portion 31 and the second antenna ground portion 32 may be corresponding. 1 to 6, in a specific implementation, a pad 43 is provided at an end of the first antenna ground portion 31 near the first radiating portion 21, and the first antenna ground portion 31 and the coaxial line 4 pass through the pad 43. The outer conductors 41 are welded together; a pad 44 is provided at an end of the first radiating portion 21 near the first antenna ground portion 31, and the first radiating portion 21 is welded to the inner conductor 42 of the coaxial line 4 through the pad 44 together.
需要说明的是,在其他实现方式中,同轴线4也可以位于基板1的第二面12的一侧,同样可实现上述功能。It should be noted that, in other implementation manners, the coaxial line 4 may also be located on one side of the second surface 12 of the substrate 1, and the above-mentioned functions may also be implemented.
在本实施例中,较为优选的,该天线上还具有贯穿第一辐射部21、基板1和第二辐射部22的第一通孔20,第一辐射部21和第二辐射部22通过设置在该第一通孔20中的金属件连接。同时,该天线上还具有贯穿第一天线地部31、基板1和第二天线地部32的第二通孔30,第一天线地部31和第二天线地部32通过设置在第二通孔30中的金属件连接。也就是说,第一辐射部21和第二辐射部22之间、第一天线地部31和第二天线地部32之间均通过通孔相接的方式连接。具体实现时,在将第一通孔20和第二通孔30开设好之后,向第一通孔20和第二通孔30中分别熔融金属,熔融后的金属固化冷却后即可将第一辐射部21和第二辐射部22电连接在一起,将第一天线地部31和第二天线地部32连接在一起。当然,金属件也可以为穿设在第一通孔20和第二通孔30中的金属丝或者金属线。In this embodiment, it is more preferable that the antenna further has a first through hole 20 penetrating the first radiating portion 21, the substrate 1, and the second radiating portion 22, and the first radiating portion 21 and the second radiating portion 22 are disposed by Metal parts are connected in the first through hole 20. At the same time, the antenna also has a second through hole 30 penetrating the first antenna ground portion 31, the substrate 1, and the second antenna ground portion 32. The first antenna ground portion 31 and the second antenna ground portion 32 are provided in the second through hole. The metal pieces in the hole 30 are connected. That is, the first radiating portion 21 and the second radiating portion 22 and the first antenna ground portion 31 and the second antenna ground portion 32 are all connected through a through hole. In specific implementation, after the first through-holes 20 and the second through-holes 30 are opened, metal is melted into the first through-holes 20 and the second through-holes 30 respectively. After the molten metal is solidified and cooled, the first The radiating portion 21 and the second radiating portion 22 are electrically connected together, and the first antenna ground portion 31 and the second antenna ground portion 32 are connected together. Of course, the metal part may also be a metal wire or a metal wire passing through the first through hole 20 and the second through hole 30.
具体实现时,第一通孔20可以是多个,比如,多个第一通孔20可沿第一辐射部21和第二辐射部22的边缘间隔排布。第二通孔30可以是多个,比如,多个第二通孔30可沿第一天线地部31和第二天线地部32的边缘间隔排布。由于天线在工作时,天线正反面电流的路径是沿着第一辐射单元和第一天线地单元的边缘走向的,通过将第一通孔20沿着第一辐射单元的边缘排布,将第二通孔30沿着第一天线地单元的边缘排布,从而保证了电流的走向。In specific implementation, there may be multiple first through holes 20. For example, multiple first through holes 20 may be arranged at intervals along the edges of the first radiation portion 21 and the second radiation portion 22. There may be a plurality of second through holes 30. For example, the plurality of second through holes 30 may be arranged at intervals along the edges of the first antenna ground portion 31 and the second antenna ground portion 32. As the antenna is working, the path of the current on the front and back of the antenna runs along the edges of the first radiation unit and the ground unit of the first antenna. By arranging the first through hole 20 along the edge of the first radiation unit, the first The two through holes 30 are arranged along the edge of the first antenna ground unit, thereby ensuring the direction of the current.
对于第一通孔20和第二通孔30的数量,本发明不作限定,只要至少保证在同轴线4的馈电端附近(图1中内导体的底端附近)有足够数量的第一通孔 20、在同轴线4的接地端附近(图1中外导体的底端附近)有足够数量的第二通孔30即可。The number of the first through-holes 20 and the second through-holes 30 is not limited by the present invention, as long as at least a sufficient number of the first end of the coaxial line 4 (near the bottom end of the inner conductor in FIG. 1) is ensured. The through holes 20 may have a sufficient number of second through holes 30 near the ground end of the coaxial line 4 (near the bottom end of the outer conductor in FIG. 1).
较为优选的,可使第一辐射部21和第二辐射部22的外轮廓相同,第一天线地部31和第二天线地部32的外轮廓相同,即,进一步保证了天线正反面的电流路径长度的一致性,从而进一步保证了天线两侧的电磁波能够在同一谐振频率下谐振,从而使得天线的性能更加稳定,而且方便天线制作。More preferably, the outer contours of the first radiating portion 21 and the second radiating portion 22 may be the same, and the outer contours of the first antenna ground portion 31 and the second antenna ground portion 32 are the same, that is, the current on the front and back sides of the antenna is further ensured. The consistency of the path length further ensures that the electromagnetic waves on both sides of the antenna can resonate at the same resonant frequency, which makes the performance of the antenna more stable and facilitates the manufacture of the antenna.
当然,在其他实现方式中,也可以是,第一辐射部21和第二辐射部22的外轮廓不完全一致,第一天线地部31和第二天线地部32的外轮廓不完全一致,只要能够保证第一辐射部21和第二辐射部22的电流路径长度相等,第一天线地部31和第二天线地部32的电流路径长度相等即可。Of course, in other implementations, the outer contours of the first radiating portion 21 and the second radiating portion 22 may not be completely consistent, and the outer contours of the first antenna ground portion 31 and the second antenna ground portion 32 may not be completely consistent. As long as the current path lengths of the first radiating portion 21 and the second radiating portion 22 can be guaranteed to be equal, the current path lengths of the first antenna ground portion 31 and the second antenna ground portion 32 can be equal.
在本实施例中,同轴线4与基板1的第一面11之间具有间隙40。即,参照图6,同轴线4的外导体41与基板1的第一面11之间保持一定的间隙40,同轴线4的外导体41的下端焊接在第一天线地部31上的焊盘43上。通过使同轴线4与基板1的第一面11之间保持一定的间隙40,可降低同轴线4的走线对天线的干扰,有利于提高天线的辐射效率。In this embodiment, there is a gap 40 between the coaxial line 4 and the first surface 11 of the substrate 1. That is, referring to FIG. 6, a certain gap 40 is maintained between the outer conductor 41 of the coaxial line 4 and the first surface 11 of the substrate 1. The lower end of the outer conductor 41 of the coaxial line 4 is welded to the first antenna ground portion 31. On the pad 43. By keeping a certain gap 40 between the coaxial line 4 and the first surface 11 of the substrate 1, the interference of the antenna of the coaxial line 4 on the antenna can be reduced, which is beneficial to improving the radiation efficiency of the antenna.
较为优选的,该间隙40可设置为大于零且小于十分之一波长,该波长为天线发出的电磁波的波长。可以理解的是,频率不同,波长则不同,可根据频率计算相应的波长,然后根据波长设置间隙40的具体尺寸。通过将同轴线4与基板1的第一面11之间的间隙40的尺寸设置在该范围内,可使天线的性能更优。More preferably, the gap 40 may be set to a wavelength greater than zero and less than one tenth, which is the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave emitted by the antenna. It can be understood that different frequencies have different wavelengths. The corresponding wavelength can be calculated according to the frequency, and then the specific size of the gap 40 can be set according to the wavelength. By setting the size of the gap 40 between the coaxial line 4 and the first surface 11 of the substrate 1 within this range, the performance of the antenna can be made better.
继续参照图6所示,在本实施例中,该间隙40中的物质为空气,即,间隙40中没有填充物。当然,在其他实现方式中,也可以在间隙40中填充不导电介质,使得同轴线4与基板1之间保持固定距离的间隙40,比如,该介质可以是泡沫,当然,也可以是其他低介电常数的介质,本发明并不限于此。With continued reference to FIG. 6, in this embodiment, the substance in the gap 40 is air, that is, there is no filler in the gap 40. Of course, in other implementations, the gap 40 may also be filled with a non-conductive medium, so that the gap 40 between the coaxial line 4 and the substrate 1 is maintained at a fixed distance. For example, the medium may be foam, of course, or other The medium having a low dielectric constant is not limited thereto.
进一步地,当同轴线4位于基板1的第一面11的一侧时,可在第一天线地部31的对应同轴线4的位置开设通槽311,即,该通槽311贯穿第一天线地部31的本体。通过在第一天线地部31的对应同轴线4的位置开设通槽311,降低了同轴线4走线对天线性能的影响,进一步提高了天线的辐射效率。Further, when the coaxial line 4 is located on one side of the first surface 11 of the substrate 1, a through slot 311 may be provided at a position corresponding to the coaxial line 4 of the first antenna ground portion 31, that is, the through slot 311 runs through the first The body of an antenna ground 31. By setting the through slot 311 at the position of the first antenna ground 31 corresponding to the coaxial line 4, the influence of the coaxial line 4 routing on the antenna performance is reduced, and the radiation efficiency of the antenna is further improved.
较为优选的,同轴线4的中轴线在通槽311中的投影与通槽311的中轴线重合。也就是说,同轴线4的走线在通槽311的中心位置,在该位置时天线的 辐射性能最佳。More preferably, the projection of the central axis of the coaxial line 4 in the through groove 311 coincides with the central axis of the through groove 311. That is, the coaxial cable 4 is routed at the center position of the through slot 311, and the antenna's radiation performance is optimal at this position.
此外,还可以在基板1的对应同轴线4伸出的一端处设置卡孔,使同轴线4从该卡孔中穿出,从而对同轴线4进行了有效定位,提高了同轴线4的稳定性,进而提高了天线性能的稳定性。In addition, a card hole can also be provided at the protruding end of the corresponding coaxial line 4 of the substrate 1 to allow the coaxial line 4 to pass out of the card hole, thereby effectively positioning the coaxial line 4 and improving coaxiality. The stability of the wire 4 further improves the stability of the antenna performance.
本实施例的天线可工作在2.32GHz~2.57GHz,带宽为250MHz,可满足常用的2.4GHz频段的覆盖。图8为本发明实施例一提供的天线在水平面和垂直面上的方向图。参照图8所示,本实施例的天线在2.4GHz,水平方向上(H-plane)仍然能保持全向,在垂直方向上(E-plane)增益较大,即,该天线在2.4GHz可实现全方向覆盖。而且,可以明显看出,由于铜管9的存在,使得天线的方向图规则无畸变。The antenna of this embodiment can work from 2.32 GHz to 2.57 GHz, and the bandwidth is 250 MHz, which can meet the coverage of the commonly used 2.4 GHz frequency band. FIG. 8 is a directional diagram of the antenna provided on the horizontal plane and the vertical plane according to the first embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 8, the antenna of this embodiment is at 2.4 GHz, the horizontal direction (H-plane) can still maintain omnidirectional, and the vertical direction (E-plane) gain is large, that is, the antenna can be used at 2.4 GHz. Achieve omnidirectional coverage. Moreover, it can be clearly seen that, due to the presence of the copper tube 9, the antenna pattern is regular and not distorted.
进一步地,若加入引向板7,天线的方向图在整体上左半部分的向外辐射的程度会大于右半部分的向外辐射的程度,即引向板7将更多的电磁波引导辐射至远离机体的方向(远离机体的方向对应图8中的左侧方向,图中未示出加入引向板7的效果),从而可以进一步加强整机各方向上的辐射。Further, if the guide plate 7 is added, the degree of outward radiation of the left half of the antenna pattern as a whole will be greater than that of the right half, that is, the guide plate 7 guides more electromagnetic waves to the radiation. The direction away from the body (the direction away from the body corresponds to the left direction in FIG. 8, the effect of adding the guide plate 7 is not shown in the figure), so that the radiation in all directions of the whole machine can be further strengthened.
本实施例的天线具体形成为偶极子天线。当然,在其他实现方式中,也可以是单极子天线,比如,当为单极子天线时,可将基板1的第一面11的左半部分和第二面12的左半部分填满铜片。或者也可以是倒F形天线等等。The antenna of this embodiment is specifically formed as a dipole antenna. Of course, in other implementations, it may also be a monopole antenna. For example, when it is a monopole antenna, the left half of the first surface 11 and the left half of the second surface 12 of the substrate 1 may be filled. Copper sheet. Or it can be an inverted-F antenna and so on.
此外,本实施例的天线还可以包括:中空的外壳。其中,基板1、第一辐射单元、第一天线地单元、同轴线4、引向板7均位于外壳的内腔中,且外壳上具有可供同轴线4穿过的通道。通过设置外壳,使天线得到了有效保护。具体地,还包括用于将基板1固定在外壳中的定位结构,该定位结构具体可以包括:设置在基板1的边缘的定位缺口以及设置在外壳内腔中的可卡入至该定位缺口中的定位卡凸。In addition, the antenna of this embodiment may further include a hollow casing. The substrate 1, the first radiation unit, the first antenna ground unit, the coaxial line 4, and the guide plate 7 are all located in the inner cavity of the housing, and the housing has a passage through which the coaxial line 4 can pass. By providing a casing, the antenna is effectively protected. Specifically, it further includes a positioning structure for fixing the substrate 1 in the housing. The positioning structure may specifically include: a positioning notch provided on the edge of the substrate 1 and a positioning gap provided in the inner cavity of the housing. Positioning card convex.
实施例二Example two
图9为本发明实施例二提供的天线的基板的第一面的结构示意图。图10为图9中I处的结构放大图。图11为本发明实施二提供的天线的基板的第二面的结构示意图。图12为图11中I处的结构放大图。图13为本发明实施例二提供的天线的驻波参数图。参照图9至图13所示,本实施例提供另一种结构的天线,本实施例在实施例一提供的天线的基础上进一步在基板1上增设第 二辐射单元和第二天线地单元。FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a first surface of a substrate of an antenna provided in Embodiment 2 of the present invention. FIG. 10 is an enlarged view of the structure at I in FIG. 9. FIG. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of a second surface of a substrate of an antenna provided by Embodiment 2 of the present invention. FIG. 12 is an enlarged view of the structure at I in FIG. 11. FIG. 13 is a standing wave parameter diagram of an antenna provided by Embodiment 2 of the present invention. Referring to FIGS. 9 to 13, this embodiment provides an antenna of another structure. This embodiment further adds a second radiating unit and a second antenna ground unit to the substrate 1 on the basis of the antenna provided in the first embodiment.
其中,第二辐射单元具体包括:设置在基板1的第一面11上的与第一辐射部21电连接的第三辐射部51以及设置在基板1的第二面12上的与第二辐射部22电连接的第四辐射部52,且第三辐射部51和第四辐射部52电连接,第三辐射部51和第四辐射部52的电流路径长度相等。第二天线地单元具体包括:设置在基板1的第一面11上的与第一天线地部31电连接的第三天线地部61以及设置在基板1的第二面12上的与第二天线地部32电连接的第四天线地部62,且第三天线地部61和第四天线地部62电连接,第三辐射部51和第四辐射部52的电流路径长度相等。The second radiating unit includes a third radiating portion 51 provided on the first surface 11 of the substrate 1 and electrically connected to the first radiating portion 21, and a second radiating portion provided on the second surface 12 of the substrate 1. The fourth radiating portion 52 is electrically connected to the portion 22, and the third radiating portion 51 and the fourth radiating portion 52 are electrically connected. The lengths of the current paths of the third radiating portion 51 and the fourth radiating portion 52 are equal. The second antenna ground unit specifically includes a third antenna ground portion 61 provided on the first surface 11 of the substrate 1 and electrically connected to the first antenna ground portion 31, and a second antenna ground portion provided on the second surface 12 of the substrate 1 and a second antenna ground portion 61. The fourth antenna ground portion 62 is electrically connected to the antenna ground portion 32, and the third antenna ground portion 61 and the fourth antenna ground portion 62 are electrically connected. The lengths of the current paths of the third radiating portion 51 and the fourth radiating portion 52 are equal.
可以理解的是,由于第一辐射单元和第一天线地单元通过同轴线4馈电,而第三辐射部51与第一辐射部21电连接,第四辐射部52与第二辐射部22电连接,第三天线地部61与第一天线地部31电连接,第四天线地部62与第二天线地部32电连接,因此,第二辐射单元和第二天线地单元通过同轴线4馈电。It can be understood that, because the first radiating unit and the first antenna ground unit are fed through the coaxial line 4, the third radiating portion 51 is electrically connected to the first radiating portion 21, and the fourth radiating portion 52 and the second radiating portion 22 The third antenna ground portion 61 is electrically connected to the first antenna ground portion 31, and the fourth antenna ground portion 62 is electrically connected to the second antenna ground portion 32. Therefore, the second radiation unit and the second antenna ground unit are coaxially connected. Line 4 is fed.
其中,上述的第三辐射部51和第四辐射部52的电流路径长度相等,此处的电流路径主要是沿第二辐射单元的边沿走向,即,沿第三辐射部51的边沿和第四辐射部52的边沿。上述的第三天线地部61和第四天线地部62的电流路径长度相等,此处的电流路径主要是沿第二天线单元的边沿走向,即,沿第三天线地部61的边沿和第四天线地部62的边沿。对于电流的具体路径本发明并不限于此,只要能够保证第三辐射部51和第四辐射部52的电流路径长度相等,保证第三天线地部61和第四天线地部62的电流路径长度相等即可。Wherein, the lengths of the current paths of the third radiating part 51 and the fourth radiating part 52 are the same, and the current paths here are mainly along the edge of the second radiating unit, that is, along the edge of the third radiating part 51 and the fourth The edge of the radiating portion 52. The lengths of the current paths of the third antenna ground portion 61 and the fourth antenna ground portion 62 are the same. The current paths here are mainly along the edge of the second antenna unit, that is, along the edges of the third antenna ground portion 61 and the first antenna ground portion 61. Edge of the four-antenna ground portion 62. As for the specific path of the current, the present invention is not limited to this, as long as the current path lengths of the third radiating portion 51 and the fourth radiating portion 52 can be ensured to be equal, and the current path lengths of the third antenna ground portion 61 and the fourth antenna ground portion 62 are guaranteed Equal.
也就是说,本实施例提供的天线不仅包括第一辐射单元和第一天线地单元,还包括第二辐射单元和第二天线地单元,从而使该天线可支持两个不同的工作频段,即,使天线可在双频段下工作,提高了天线的性能。That is, the antenna provided in this embodiment includes not only the first radiating unit and the first antenna ground unit, but also the second radiating unit and the second antenna ground unit, so that the antenna can support two different working frequency bands, that is, , So that the antenna can work in dual frequency bands, improving the performance of the antenna.
在本实施例中,第三辐射部51具体设置在第一辐射部21的靠近第一天线地部31的一端,第三天线地部61设置在第一天线地部31的靠近第一辐射部21的一端。第四辐射部52设置在第二辐射部22的靠近第二天线地部32的一端,第四天线地部62设置在第二天线地部32的靠近第二辐射部22的一端。In this embodiment, the third radiating portion 51 is specifically disposed at an end of the first radiating portion 21 near the first antenna ground portion 31, and the third antenna ground portion 61 is provided near the first radiating portion 31 of the first antenna ground portion 31 21's end. The fourth radiating portion 52 is provided at an end of the second radiating portion 22 near the second antenna ground portion 32, and the fourth antenna ground portion 62 is provided at an end of the second antenna ground portion 32 near the second radiating portion 22.
参照图9和图11所示,具体可使第一辐射部21的靠近基板1中心的一端的尺寸小于第一辐射部21的远离基板1中心的一端的尺寸,将第三辐射部51 设置在第一辐射部21的靠近基板1的中心的一端。可使第二辐射部22的靠近基板1中心的一端的尺寸小于第二辐射部22的远离基板1中心的一端的尺寸,将第四辐射部52设置在第二辐射部22的靠近基板1中心的一端。可使第一天线地部31的靠近基板1中心的一端的尺寸小于第一天线地部31的远离基板1中心的一端的尺寸,将第三天线地部61设置在第一天线地部31的靠近基板1的中心的一端。可使第二天线地部32的靠近基板1中心的一端的尺寸小于第二天线地部32的远离基板1中心的一端的尺寸,将第四天线地部62设置在第二天线地部32的靠近基板1中心的一端。这样设置在实现双频段的基础上,有效地利用了基板1的已有空间,节省了空间占有率,使得天线的整个体积无需做的较大,使天线朝向小型化发展,进而能够适用于小型遥控器7上。Referring to FIGS. 9 and 11, the size of the end of the first radiating portion 21 near the center of the substrate 1 can be made smaller than the size of the end of the first radiating portion 21 far from the center of the substrate 1. One end of the first radiating portion 21 near the center of the substrate 1. The size of the end of the second radiating portion 22 near the center of the substrate 1 may be smaller than the size of the end of the second radiating portion 22 far from the center of the substrate 1, and the fourth radiating portion 52 may be disposed at the center of the second radiating portion 22 near the substrate 1. The end. The size of the end of the first antenna ground portion 31 near the center of the substrate 1 can be made smaller than the size of the end of the first antenna ground portion 31 far from the center of the substrate 1, and the third antenna ground portion 61 is provided on the first antenna ground portion 31. One end near the center of the substrate 1. The size of the end of the second antenna ground portion 32 near the center of the substrate 1 can be made smaller than the size of the end of the second antenna ground portion 32 far from the center of the substrate 1, and the fourth antenna ground portion 62 is provided on the second antenna ground portion 32. An end near the center of the substrate 1. In this way, based on the realization of dual frequency bands, the existing space of the substrate 1 is effectively used, and the space occupancy is saved, so that the entire volume of the antenna does not need to be large, and the antenna is developed toward miniaturization, which can be applied to small On the remote control 7.
本实施例的天线的基板1的整体尺寸可设置为54.7×7.4×0.8mm3。The overall size of the substrate 1 of the antenna of this embodiment may be set to 54.7 × 7.4 × 0.8 mm 3.
在本实施例中,第三辐射部51、第四辐射部52、第三天线地部61和第四天线地部62均为U形结构,当然,在其他实现方式中,这四个部分也可以均为L形结构,本发明对此不作限定,具体形状可结合基板1的尺寸以及第一辐射部21、第二辐射部22、第一天线地部31和第二天线地部32的形状进行设定。In this embodiment, the third radiating portion 51, the fourth radiating portion 52, the third antenna ground portion 61, and the fourth antenna ground portion 62 are U-shaped structures. Of course, in other implementations, these four portions are also The structures may be L-shaped, which is not limited in the present invention. The specific shape may be combined with the size of the substrate 1 and the shapes of the first radiating portion 21, the second radiating portion 22, the first antenna ground portion 31, and the second antenna ground portion 32. Make settings.
具体可使第一辐射部21和第三辐射部51一体成型,第一天线地部31和第三天线地部61一体成型,第二辐射部22和第四辐射部52一体成型,第二天线地部32和第四天线地部62一体成型,这样使得制作更加方便,且相互之间的连接更加可靠。当然,在其他实现方式中,各对应部分也可以是后续再电连接在一起。Specifically, the first radiating portion 21 and the third radiating portion 51 may be integrally formed, the first antenna ground portion 31 and the third antenna ground portion 61 are integrally formed, the second radiating portion 22 and the fourth radiating portion 52 are integrally formed, and the second antenna The ground portion 32 and the fourth antenna ground portion 62 are integrally formed, which makes the production more convenient and the connection between them more reliable. Of course, in other implementation manners, the corresponding parts may also be subsequently electrically connected together.
其中,第三辐射部51和第四辐射部52之间、第三天线地部61和第四天线地部62也可以分别通过实施例一中的通孔相接的方式连接。具体地,部分第一通孔20贯穿第三辐射部51、基板1和第四辐射部52,然后第三辐射部51和第四辐射部52通过位于第一通孔20中的金属件实现电连接。部分第二通孔30贯穿第三天线地部61、基板1和第四天线地部62,然后第三天线地部61和第四天线地部62通过位于第二通孔30中的金属件实现电连接。Among them, the third radiating portion 51 and the fourth radiating portion 52, and the third antenna ground portion 61 and the fourth antenna ground portion 62 may also be connected through the through holes in the first embodiment. Specifically, a part of the first through hole 20 penetrates the third radiating portion 51, the substrate 1, and the fourth radiating portion 52, and then the third radiating portion 51 and the fourth radiating portion 52 realize electricity through a metal member located in the first through hole 20. connection. Part of the second through hole 30 penetrates the third antenna ground 61, the substrate 1 and the fourth antenna ground 62, and then the third antenna ground 61 and the fourth antenna ground 62 are realized by a metal piece located in the second through hole 30. Electrical connection.
可以理解的是,当第一辐射部21和第三辐射部51一体成型、第二辐射部22和第四辐射部52一体成型时,可以直接在第一辐射部21和第三辐射部51的相接处、第二辐射部22和第四辐射部52的相接处开设第一通孔20。当第一 天线地部31和第三天线地部61一体成型、第二天线地部32和第四天线地部62一体成型时,可以直接在第一天线地部31和第三天线地部61的相接处、第二天线地部32和第四天线地部62的相接处开设第二通孔30。It can be understood that when the first radiating portion 21 and the third radiating portion 51 are integrally formed, and the second radiating portion 22 and the fourth radiating portion 52 are integrally formed, the first radiating portion 21 and the third radiating portion 51 may be directly formed. A first through hole 20 is provided at the contact point, and at the contact point of the second radiating portion 22 and the fourth radiating portion 52. When the first antenna ground portion 31 and the third antenna ground portion 61 are integrally formed, and the second antenna ground portion 32 and the fourth antenna ground portion 62 are integrally formed, the first antenna ground portion 31 and the third antenna ground portion 61 may be directly formed. A second through hole 30 is provided at a junction between the second antenna ground portion 32 and a fourth antenna ground portion 62.
较为优选的,可使第三辐射部51和第四辐射部52的外轮廓相同,第三天线地部61和第四天线地部62的外轮廓相同,即,进一步保证了天线正反面的电流路径长度的一致性,从而进一步保证了天线两侧的电磁波能够在同一个谐振频率下谐振,使天线的性能更加稳定,而且方便天线制作。More preferably, the outer contours of the third radiating portion 51 and the fourth radiating portion 52 can be the same, and the outer contours of the third antenna ground portion 61 and the fourth antenna ground portion 62 are the same, that is, the current on the front and back sides of the antenna is further ensured The consistency of the path length further ensures that the electromagnetic waves on both sides of the antenna can resonate at the same resonant frequency, which makes the performance of the antenna more stable and facilitates the manufacture of the antenna.
当然,在其他实现方式中,也可以是,第三辐射部51和第四辐射部52的外轮廓不完全一致,第三天线地部61和第四天线地部62的外轮廓不完全一致,只要能够保证第三辐射部51和第四辐射部52的电流路径长度相等,第三天线地部61和第四天线地部62的电流路径长度相等即可。Of course, in other implementations, the outer contours of the third radiating portion 51 and the fourth radiating portion 52 may not be completely consistent, and the outer contours of the third antenna ground portion 61 and the fourth antenna ground portion 62 may not be completely consistent. As long as the current path lengths of the third radiating portion 51 and the fourth radiating portion 52 can be guaranteed to be equal, the current path lengths of the third antenna ground portion 61 and the fourth antenna ground portion 62 can be equal.
图13为本发明实施例二提供的天线的驻波参数图。参照图13所示,本实施例的天线具体可工作在2.32GHz~2.57GHz和5.66GHz~7GHz,带宽分别为250MHz和1340MHz,可满足常用的2.4GHz和5.8GHz的Wi-Fi双频段的覆盖。结合图8和图13所示,可以理解的是,本实施例的天线在2.4GHz和5.8GHz均可实现全方向覆盖,从而提高了天线的辐射效率,使天线的性能更好。FIG. 13 is a standing wave parameter diagram of an antenna provided by Embodiment 2 of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 13, the antenna of this embodiment can specifically work at 2.32GHz to 2.57GHz and 5.66GHz to 7GHz, and the bandwidth is 250MHz and 1340MHz, which can meet the coverage of the commonly used Wi-Fi dual frequency bands of 2.4GHz and 5.8GHz. . With reference to FIG. 8 and FIG. 13, it can be understood that the antenna of this embodiment can achieve omnidirectional coverage at both 2.4 GHz and 5.8 GHz, thereby improving the radiation efficiency of the antenna and making the antenna performance better.
天线工作在2.4GHz主要由第一辐射部21、第二辐射部22、第一天线地部31和第二天线地部32完成,工作在5.8GHz主要由第三辐射部51、第四辐射部52、第三天线地部61和第四天线地部62完成。The antenna working at 2.4GHz is mainly completed by the first radiating section 21, the second radiating section 22, the first antenna ground section 31 and the second antenna ground section 32, and the work at 5.8GHz is mainly performed by the third radiating section 51 and the fourth radiating section. 52. The third antenna ground portion 61 and the fourth antenna ground portion 62 are completed.
由于位于基板1的第一面11的第一辐射部21和位于基板1第二面12的第二辐射部12的电流路径长度相等,位于基板1的第一面11的第一天线地部31和位于基板第二面12的第二天线地部32的电流路径长度相等,位于基板1的第一面11的第三辐射部51和位于基板第二面12的第四辐射部52的电流路径长度相等,位于基板第一面11的第三天线地部61和位于基板第二面的第四天线地部62的电流路径长度相等,因此,在2.4GHz频段下,或者在5,8GHz频段下,天线的基板1两侧的电磁波均能够在同一谐振频率下谐振,使天线的谐振频率不会偏移,从而大大提高了天线的辐射效率。Since the current path lengths of the first radiating portion 21 on the first surface 11 of the substrate 1 and the second radiating portion 12 on the second surface 12 of the substrate 1 are equal, the first antenna ground portion 31 on the first surface 11 of the substrate 1 The current path length is the same as the current path length of the second antenna ground portion 32 on the second surface 12 of the substrate. The current path of the third radiation portion 51 on the first surface 11 of the substrate 1 and the fourth radiation portion 52 on the second surface 12 of the substrate. The lengths of the current paths are equal, and the lengths of the current paths of the third antenna ground portion 61 on the first surface 11 of the substrate and the fourth antenna ground portion 62 on the second surface of the substrate are equal. Therefore, in the 2.4 GHz band or in the 5, 8 GHz band The electromagnetic waves on both sides of the substrate 1 of the antenna can resonate at the same resonance frequency, so that the resonance frequency of the antenna does not shift, thereby greatly improving the radiation efficiency of the antenna.
而且,位于基板1的背离机体的一面的引向板7将天线的辐射引导至远离机体的方向,从而加强了整机各方向的辐射,从而进一步提高了天线的辐射效率。In addition, the guide plate 7 located on the side of the substrate 1 facing away from the body guides the radiation of the antenna away from the body, thereby enhancing radiation in all directions of the whole machine, thereby further improving the radiation efficiency of the antenna.
需要说明的是,本实施例的天线也可以用于其他无线通信的频段,具体可通过改变第二辐射单元和第二天线地单元的形状和大小来实现,或者通过在基板1上进一步增加辐射单元和天线地单元来实现。It should be noted that the antenna of this embodiment can also be used for other wireless communication frequency bands. Specifically, it can be achieved by changing the shape and size of the second radiation unit and the ground unit of the second antenna, or by further increasing radiation on the substrate 1. Unit and antenna ground unit.
其他技术特征与实施例一相同,并能带来相同或类似的技术效果,在此不再一一赘述,具体可参照实施例一的描述。Other technical features are the same as those of the first embodiment, and can bring the same or similar technical effects, which are not repeated here one by one. For details, refer to the description of the first embodiment.
实施例三Example three
图14为本发明实施例三提供的无人飞行器的结构示意图。图15为本发明实施例三提供的无人飞行器的侧视图。结合图1至图15所示,本实施例提供一种无人飞行器,该无人飞行器包括机体81、动力装置以及天线等。FIG. 14 is a schematic structural diagram of an unmanned aerial vehicle provided by Embodiment 3 of the present invention. FIG. 15 is a side view of an unmanned aerial vehicle provided by Embodiment 3 of the present invention. With reference to FIGS. 1 to 15, this embodiment provides an unmanned aerial vehicle. The unmanned aerial vehicle includes a body 81, a power unit, an antenna, and the like.
具体地,机体81可具有机臂82,动力装置可设置在机臂82的端部,天线安装在机体81的外部。Specifically, the body 81 may have an arm 82, a power unit may be provided at an end of the arm 82, and an antenna is installed outside the body 81.
其中,动力装置具体可包括:旋翼(图中未示出)以及电机83,电机83用于驱动旋翼转动,从而为无人飞行器飞行提供动力。在本实施例中,无人飞行器具体为四旋翼无人飞行器,需要说明的是,无人飞行器也可以为六旋翼飞行器、八旋翼飞行器等,本发明对此不作限定。The power device may specifically include a rotor (not shown in the figure) and a motor 83. The motor 83 is configured to drive the rotor to rotate, thereby providing power for the unmanned aerial vehicle flight. In this embodiment, the unmanned aerial vehicle is specifically a four-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle. It should be noted that the unmanned aerial vehicle may also be a six-rotor aerial vehicle, an eight-rotor aerial vehicle, etc., which is not limited in the present invention.
本实施例中的天线与实施例一或者实施例二提供的天线的结构相同,并能带来相同或者类似的技术效果,在此不再一一赘述,具体可参照实施例一或者实施例二的描述。The antenna in this embodiment has the same structure as the antenna provided in Embodiment 1 or Embodiment 2 and can bring the same or similar technical effects, which will not be described one by one here. For details, refer to Embodiment 1 or Embodiment 2. description of.
具体地,参照图14所示,无人飞行器还包括脚架84,脚架84具体可连接在动力装置的下方,脚架84为无人飞行器着落提供支撑。天线具体可安装在脚架84内。其中,天线可竖向安装在脚架84内,只要使得天线的引向板7位于基板1的背离机体81的一侧即可。通过将天线安装在脚架84内,有效地利用了脚架84内部的闲置空间,无需增大无人飞行器的体积。Specifically, referring to FIG. 14, the unmanned aerial vehicle further includes a tripod 84, which can be specifically connected under the power unit, and the tripod 84 provides support for landing of the unmanned aerial vehicle. The antenna may be specifically installed in the tripod 84. Wherein, the antenna can be installed in the stand 84 vertically, as long as the antenna guide plate 7 is located on the side of the substrate 1 facing away from the body 81. By installing the antenna in the tripod 84, the idle space inside the tripod 84 is effectively used, and there is no need to increase the volume of the UAV.
无人飞行器通过该天线与地面控制单元(比如与该机体配套使用的遥控器)进行通讯。具体地,机体81上设置有飞行控制器以及收发控制单元等。天线与收发控制单元电连接,在收发控制单元的控制下与地面控制单元进行通信。飞行控制器与收发控制单元连接,用于根据控制信号来控制无人飞行器。The UAV communicates with the ground control unit (such as the remote control used with the airframe) through the antenna. Specifically, the airframe 81 is provided with a flight controller, a transmission and reception control unit, and the like. The antenna is electrically connected to the transceiver control unit, and communicates with the ground control unit under the control of the transceiver control unit. The flight controller is connected to the transceiver control unit, and is used to control the unmanned aerial vehicle according to the control signal.
比如,遥控器向无人飞行器发送控制信号,天线在收发控制单元的控制下,接收遥控器发送的控制信号,或者,无人飞行器通过天线向遥控器发送反馈信 号。比如,遥控器需要无人飞行器在1分钟内从当前位置向东飞行50米时,遥控器向无人飞行器发送信号,收发控制单元控制天线接收该控制信号,然后将该信号传输至飞行控制器,飞行控制器对该信号进行解析,获得在1分钟内从当前位置向东飞行50米的指令信息,则飞行控制器控制无人飞行器进行相应的动作,以使无人飞行器在1分钟内向东飞行50米。For example, the remote control sends control signals to the unmanned aerial vehicle, and the antenna receives the control signals sent by the remote control under the control of the transceiver control unit, or the unmanned aerial vehicle sends a feedback signal to the remote control through the antenna. For example, when the remote control requires the unmanned aerial vehicle to fly 50 meters east from the current position within 1 minute, the remote control sends a signal to the unmanned aerial vehicle, the transceiver control unit controls the antenna to receive the control signal, and then transmits the signal to the flight controller. The flight controller parses the signal and obtains the command information of flying 50 meters east from the current position within 1 minute. Then the flight controller controls the unmanned aerial vehicle to perform the corresponding action to make the unmanned aerial vehicle to the east within 1 minute. Fly 50 meters.
由于天线的基板1的相背的两个面上均具有辐射部和天线地部,且基板1的背离机体81的一侧具有引向板7,因此,本实施例的天线的辐射效率较高,使得无人飞行器与地面控制单元之间信号的传递更加准确、及时。Since the antenna substrate 1 has two radiating portions and antenna ground portions on opposite sides, and the substrate 1 has a guide plate 7 on a side facing away from the body 81, the radiation efficiency of the antenna of this embodiment is high. This makes the signal transmission between the UAV and the ground control unit more accurate and timely.
其他技术特征与上述实施例相同,并能带来相同或类似的技术效果,在此不再一一赘述,具体可参照上述实施例的描述。The other technical features are the same as those of the above-mentioned embodiment, and can bring the same or similar technical effects, which will not be repeated one by one here. For details, refer to the description of the above-mentioned embodiment.
最后应说明的是:以上各实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案,而非对其限制;尽管参照前述各实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解:其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分或者全部技术特征进行等同替换;而这些修改或者替换,并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的范围。Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not limited thereto. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that: The technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments can still be modified, or some or all of the technical features can be equivalently replaced; and these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention. range.
Claims (21)
- 一种天线,用于无人飞行器,其特征在于,所述天线包括:An antenna for an unmanned aerial vehicle is characterized in that the antenna includes:基板,所述基板具有相背的第一面和第二面;A substrate having a first surface and a second surface opposite to each other;同轴线,所述同轴线上设有用于扼流的铜管;On the same axis, a copper tube for choke is provided on the coaxial line;第一辐射单元,所述第一辐射单元包括相互电连接的第一辐射部和第二辐射部,其中,所述第一辐射部设置在所述第一面上,所述第二辐射部设置在所述第二面上;A first radiating unit comprising a first radiating portion and a second radiating portion electrically connected to each other, wherein the first radiating portion is provided on the first surface and the second radiating portion is provided On the second side;第一天线地单元,所述第一天线地单元包括相互电连接的第一天线地部和第二天线地部,其中,所述第一天线地部设置在所述第一面上,所述第二天线地部设置在所述第二面上;A first antenna ground unit, the first antenna ground unit including a first antenna ground portion and a second antenna ground portion electrically connected to each other, wherein the first antenna ground portion is disposed on the first surface, and A second antenna ground portion is disposed on the second surface;所述第一辐射单元和所述第一天线地单元通过所述同轴线馈电。The first radiating unit and the first antenna ground unit are fed through the coaxial line.
- 根据权利要求1所述的天线,其特征在于,所述铜管远离所述第一辐射单元的一端焊接在所述同轴线上。The antenna according to claim 1, wherein an end of the copper tube remote from the first radiating unit is welded to the coaxial line.
- 根据权利要求2所述的天线,其特征在于,所述铜管的长度为四分之一波长,所述波长为所述天线发出的电磁波的波长。The antenna according to claim 2, wherein the length of the copper tube is a quarter wavelength, and the wavelength is a wavelength of an electromagnetic wave emitted by the antenna.
- 根据权利要求1所述的天线,其特征在于,还包括:The antenna according to claim 1, further comprising:第一通孔,所述第一通孔贯穿所述第一辐射部、所述基板和所述第二辐射部,所述第一辐射部和所述第二辐射部通过设置在所述第一通孔中的金属件连接;A first through hole that penetrates the first radiating portion, the substrate, and the second radiating portion, and the first radiating portion and the second radiating portion are disposed in the first Connection of metal parts in through holes;第二通孔,所述第二通孔贯穿所述第一天线地部、所述基板和所述第二天线地部,所述第一天线地部和所述第二天线地部通过设置在所述第二通孔中的金属件连接。A second through hole that penetrates the first antenna ground portion, the substrate, and the second antenna ground portion, and the first antenna ground portion and the second antenna ground portion are disposed in The metal parts in the second through hole are connected.
- 根据权利要求1所述的天线,其特征在于,所述同轴线位于所述第一面的一侧,所述第一辐射部和所述第一天线地部间隔设置,所述同轴线的外导***于所述第一天线地部的一侧,且与所述第一天线地部电连接,所述同轴线的内导体延伸至所述第一辐射部并与所述第一辐射部连接。The antenna according to claim 1, wherein the coaxial line is located on one side of the first surface, the first radiating portion and the first antenna ground portion are spaced apart, and the coaxial line An outer conductor of the coaxial antenna is located at one side of the ground portion of the first antenna and is electrically connected to the ground portion of the first antenna, and an inner conductor of the coaxial line extends to the first radiation portion and is radiated to the first radiation portion部 连接。 Connection.
- 根据权利要求5所述的天线,其特征在于,所述同轴线与所述基板的第一面之间具有间隙。The antenna according to claim 5, wherein there is a gap between the coaxial line and the first surface of the substrate.
- 根据权利要求6所述的天线,其特征在于,所述间隙大于零且小于十分之一波长,所述波长为所述天线发出的电磁波的波长。The antenna according to claim 6, wherein the gap is greater than zero and less than one tenth of a wavelength, and the wavelength is a wavelength of an electromagnetic wave emitted by the antenna.
- 根据权利要求7所述的天线,其特征在于,所述间隙中填充有不导电介质。The antenna according to claim 7, wherein the gap is filled with a non-conductive medium.
- 根据权利要求1所述的天线,其特征在于,所述第一天线地部的对应所述同轴线的位置开设有通槽;The antenna according to claim 1, wherein a through slot is provided at a position of the first antenna ground portion corresponding to the coaxial line;所述同轴线的中轴线在所述通槽中的投影与所述通槽的中轴线重合。The projection of the central axis of the coaxial line in the through slot coincides with the central axis of the through slot.
- 根据权利要求1所述的天线,其特征在于,所述第一辐射部和所述第二辐射部的电流路径长度相等;The antenna according to claim 1, wherein a length of a current path of the first radiating portion and the second radiating portion is equal;所述第一天线部和所述第二天线部的电流路径相等。The current paths of the first antenna portion and the second antenna portion are equal.
- 根据权利要求10所述的天线,其特征在于,所述天线还包括:The antenna according to claim 10, wherein the antenna further comprises:第二辐射单元,所述第二辐射单元包括相互电连接的第三辐射部和第四辐射部,其中所述第三辐射部设置在所述第一面上,所述第四辐射部设置在所述第二面上;A second radiating unit including a third radiating portion and a fourth radiating portion electrically connected to each other, wherein the third radiating portion is disposed on the first surface and the fourth radiating portion is disposed on The second surface;第二天线地单元,所述第二天线地单元包括相互电连接的第三天线地部和第四天线地部,其中所述第三天线地部设置在所述第一面上,所述第四天线地部设置在所述第二面上;A second antenna ground unit comprising a third antenna ground portion and a fourth antenna ground portion electrically connected to each other, wherein the third antenna ground portion is disposed on the first surface, and the first antenna ground portion A four-antenna ground portion is disposed on the second surface;所述第二辐射单元和所述第二天线地单元通过所述同轴线馈电。The second radiating unit and the second antenna ground unit are fed through the coaxial line.
- 根据权利要求11所述的天线,其特征在于,所述第三辐射部设置在所述第一辐射部的靠近所述第一天线地部的一端,所述第三天线地部设置在所述第一天线地部的靠近所述第一辐射部的一端;The antenna according to claim 11, wherein the third radiating portion is provided at an end of the first radiating portion close to the first antenna ground portion, and the third antenna ground portion is provided on the first antenna portion An end of the first antenna ground portion near the first radiating portion;所述第四辐射部设置在所述第二辐射部的靠近所述第二天线地部的一端,所述第四天线地部设置在所述第二天线地部的靠近所述第二辐射部的一端。The fourth radiating portion is disposed at an end of the second radiating portion near the second antenna ground portion, and the fourth antenna radiating portion is provided at the second antenna ground portion near the second radiating portion. The end.
- 根据权利要求12所述的天线,其特征在于,所述第一辐射部和所述第三辐射部一体成型;所述第一天线地部和所述第三天线地部一体成型;The antenna according to claim 12, wherein the first radiating portion and the third radiating portion are integrally formed; the first antenna ground portion and the third antenna ground portion are integrally formed;所述第二辐射部和所述第四辐射部一体成型;所述第二天线地部和所述第四天线地部一体成型。The second radiating portion and the fourth radiating portion are integrally formed; the second antenna ground portion and the fourth antenna ground portion are integrally formed.
- 根据权利要求11所述的天线,其特征在于,所述第三辐射部和所述 第四辐射部的电流路径长度相等;The antenna according to claim 11, wherein the lengths of the current paths of the third radiating portion and the fourth radiating portion are equal;所述第三天线部和所述第四天线部的电流路径相等。The current paths of the third antenna portion and the fourth antenna portion are equal.
- 根据权利要求1~14任一项所述天线,其特征在于,还包括可导电的引向板,所述引向板间隔设置于所述基板背离所述机体的一面,所述引向板用于将所述天线的辐射引导至远离所述机体的方向。The antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 14, further comprising a conductive guide plate, the guide plate being arranged on a side of the substrate facing away from the body, and the guide plate is used for To direct the radiation of the antenna away from the body.
- 根据权利要求15所述的天线,其特征在于,所述引向板包括承载板和设置在所述承载板上的金属件。The antenna according to claim 15, wherein the guide plate comprises a bearing plate and a metal piece disposed on the bearing plate.
- 根据权利要求16所述的天线,其特征在于,所述金属件为金属板或者金属条或者金属丝;The antenna according to claim 16, wherein the metal part is a metal plate or a metal bar or a metal wire;所述金属件所在的平面与所述基板所在的平面平行。The plane where the metal piece is located is parallel to the plane where the substrate is located.
- 根据权利要求16所述的天线,其特征在于,所述金属件在沿所述基板的长度方向上的尺寸介于四分之一波长至二分之一波长之间,所述波长为所述天线发出的电磁波的波长。The antenna according to claim 16, wherein a size of the metal member in a length direction of the substrate is between a quarter wavelength and a half wavelength, and the wavelength is the wavelength The wavelength of the electromagnetic waves emitted by the antenna.
- 根据权利要求16所述的天线,其特征在于,所述金属件与所述基板的背离所述机体的一面之间的距离介于二十分之一波长至十分之一波长之间,所述波长为所述天线发出的电磁波的波长。The antenna according to claim 16, wherein a distance between the metal member and a side of the substrate facing away from the body is between one-twentieth wavelength and one-tenth wavelength. The wavelength is a wavelength of an electromagnetic wave emitted by the antenna.
- 一种无人飞行器,其特征在于,包括机体、与所述机体相连的机臂、设于所述机臂的动力装置以及安装在所述机体的如权利要求1至19任一项所述的天线。An unmanned aerial vehicle, comprising a body, an arm connected to the body, a power device provided on the arm, and the body according to any one of claims 1 to 19 installed on the body. antenna.
- 根据权利要求20所述的无人飞行器,其特征在于,所述无人飞行器还包括连接在所述机臂上的脚架,所述天线设置在所述脚架内。The unmanned aerial vehicle according to claim 20, wherein the unmanned aerial vehicle further comprises a tripod connected to the arm, and the antenna is disposed in the tripod.
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CN108565540B (en) * | 2018-05-30 | 2024-04-09 | 深圳市道通智能航空技术股份有限公司 | Antenna and unmanned aerial vehicle |
CN108565539B (en) * | 2018-05-30 | 2024-03-05 | 深圳市道通智能航空技术股份有限公司 | Antenna and unmanned aerial vehicle |
CN108767435B (en) * | 2018-08-20 | 2024-02-27 | 深圳市道通智能航空技术股份有限公司 | Antenna and unmanned aerial vehicle |
CN112909535A (en) * | 2021-03-30 | 2021-06-04 | 深圳市道通智能航空技术股份有限公司 | External dual-band antenna of unmanned aerial vehicle and unmanned aerial vehicle |
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