WO2019206009A1 - 防止反击式水轮机固定导叶共振产生裂纹的方法 - Google Patents

防止反击式水轮机固定导叶共振产生裂纹的方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019206009A1
WO2019206009A1 PCT/CN2019/083077 CN2019083077W WO2019206009A1 WO 2019206009 A1 WO2019206009 A1 WO 2019206009A1 CN 2019083077 W CN2019083077 W CN 2019083077W WO 2019206009 A1 WO2019206009 A1 WO 2019206009A1
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Prior art keywords
tail
fixed
vane
water outlet
fixed vane
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PCT/CN2019/083077
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
石清华
龚莉
龚英
周小南
刘辉
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东方电气集团东方电机有限公司
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Publication of WO2019206009A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019206009A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B3/00—Machines or engines of reaction type; Parts or details peculiar thereto
    • F03B3/16—Stators
    • F03B3/18—Stator blades; Guide conduits or vanes, e.g. adjustable
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B11/00—Parts or details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the preceding groups, e.g. wear-protection couplings, between turbine and generator
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B11/00—Parts or details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the preceding groups, e.g. wear-protection couplings, between turbine and generator
    • F03B11/04—Parts or details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the preceding groups, e.g. wear-protection couplings, between turbine and generator for diminishing cavitation or vibration, e.g. balancing
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/20—Hydro energy

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of water turbines, and more particularly to a method for preventing cracks in the counter-turbine fixed vane resonance.
  • the fixed vane of the counter-turbine has two functions. First, as a flow-through component, the water flow from the turbine volute is evenly introduced into the movable vane; secondly, as a force-receiving component, the weight of the entire hydro-generator set Passed to the concrete foundation. Due to advances in the hydraulic design technology of counter-turbine turbines, the fixed vanes designed with the latest technology rarely suffer from hydroelastic resonance problems. However, there are two reasons for this phenomenon to occur occasionally on some of the putative counter-turbine turbines.
  • the existing hydraulic design technology is still difficult to accurately predict the frequency of the fixed vane outlet Kamen vortex street;
  • the large size of the counter-turbine and the reduction of the thickness of the fixed vane reduce the stiffness of the fixed vane, thereby reducing the natural frequency of the fixed vane, increasing the coincidence of the fixed vane outlet Karman vortex frequency and the natural frequency.
  • the possibility of resonance Once this resonance occurs, howling will occur during turbine operation and cause fixed guide vane cracks in a short period of time.
  • the formation of the Karman vortex street is mainly due to the poor design of the fixed vane profile line, the flow separation occurs near the positive and the back outlets of the fixed vane outlet, and the flow separation vortices of the front and back sides are staggered.
  • the method of increasing the frequency of the Karman vortex street not only staggered the coincidence with the natural frequency of the fixed vane, but also greatly reduced the energy of the Karman vortex street.
  • the frequency of the Karman vortex street increases, the energy of the vortex street is greatly weakened, thereby greatly reducing The possibility of the resonance of the Kamen vortex street.
  • the most common method is to modify the back surface of the fixed vane, and modify the profile of the back surface of the fixed vane near the water outlet edge of the fixed vane, and thin and fixed.
  • the thickness of the water guide edge of the guide vane reduces the outflow of the fixed guide vane water outlet, reduces the wake width of the dewatering point at the outlet of the fixed guide vane, increases the frequency of the Karman vortex street, and reduces the energy of the vortex street, thereby achieving the purpose of eliminating resonance.
  • this type of repair method has the following disadvantages.
  • the repair amount of the fixed guide vane tail is difficult to determine, that is, The repair of the fixed vane water outlet can not be ensured. In many cases, it is necessary to carry out multiple repairs to completely eliminate the resonance problem caused by Kamen vortex. The project implementation is difficult, the cycle is long, and the cost is high.
  • fixed The guide vane is the most important force-receiving part of the counter-turbine. The repair of the fixed vane outlet will reduce the mechanical strength of the fixed vane.
  • the modification of the fixed guide vane will change the fixed vane. The natural frequency, which is also a new uncertainty for the wrong frequency band between the Karman vortex excitation frequency and the fixed vane natural frequency.
  • a fixed guide vane an upper fixing ring and an upper fixing ring welded to the upper ring plate, and a lower fixing ring and a lower fixing ring welded to the lower ring plate, wherein the upper fixing ring and the upper fixing ring are welded on
  • the lower end surface of the ring plate is welded with an annular baffle on the outer circumference of the upper fixing ring, and the rib plate is uniformly welded between the annular baffle plate and the upper ring plate; the lower fixing ring and the lower fixing ring are welded to the upper end surface of the lower ring plate
  • An annular baffle is welded on the outer circumference of the lower fixing ring, and the rib plate is uniformly welded between the annular baffle and the lower ring plate.
  • the Chinese Patent Publication No. CN 204646509U discloses a hydro turbine seat ring assembly comprising: an upper copper ring, an upper transition plate, an upper ring plate, a lower ring plate, a lower copper ring, The lower transition plate, the upper copper ring and the upper transition plate are disposed on the upper ring plate, and the lower copper ring and the lower transition plate are disposed on the lower ring plate, wherein the utility model further comprises: a fixed guide vane and a middle ring plate combination, wherein the middle ring plate combination comprises The upper layer and the lower layer board are further provided with a connecting fixing strip between the upper layer board and the lower layer board, and the middle ring board group is disposed between the upper ring board and the lower ring board, and the upper layer board and the lower layer board are respectively provided with the fixed guide vanes passing through.
  • the limiting hole has a fixed guide vane passing through the limiting hole, and the edges of the fixed guide vane and the limiting hole are also fixed by welding
  • the fixed vane outlet Karman vortex frequency on the seat ring easily coincides with the natural frequency of the fixed vane, resulting in hydroelastic resonance, causing cracks in the fixed vane, and the turbine produces howling, which affects the working stability of the turbine.
  • the present invention provides a method for preventing cracks generated by the counter-turbine fixed vane resonance.
  • the present invention can improve the excitation frequency of the Karman vortex street by mounting the empennage on the fixed guide vane of the water turbine.
  • the excitation energy of the Kamen vortex street is reduced, and the frequency of the fixed vane outlet Karman vortex is shifted from the natural frequency of the fixed vane to prevent hydroelastic resonance, avoid cracking of the fixed vane and whistling of the turbine, and ensure stable turbine operation. Sex.
  • a method for preventing cracking of a counter-turbine fixed vane resonance which comprises the following steps:
  • a distance h 1 is reserved between the upper end of the empennage and the upper ring plate, and a distance h 2 is reserved between the lower end of the empennage and the lower ring plate, and h 1 is 1-5% of the height of the fixed guide vane h, h 2 is 1-5% of the height of the fixed vane h;
  • the tail fin is welded to the water outlet side of the fixed vane by means of root penetration.
  • the counter-turbine seat ring includes an upper ring plate, a lower ring plate and a plurality of fixed guide vanes fixed between the upper ring plate and the lower ring plate, and the fixed guide vanes are provided with a tail fin, and the tail fin is fixed on the fixed guide vane
  • the tail In the middle of the water outlet, the tail is column-shaped, and the cross section of the tail is trapezoidal. It is surrounded by the bottom edge of the tail, the water outlet of the tail, the side of the first tail and the side of the second tail.
  • the length of the bottom of the tail and the water outlet of the fixed vane The length is equal, the bottom edge of the tail wing is fixedly connected with the water outlet side of the fixed vane, the bottom edge of the tail wing is parallel with the water outlet side of the tail fin, and the length of the bottom edge of the tail wing is greater than the length of the tail water outlet side.
  • One side of the bottom edge of the tail wing is opened with a first welding groove of 45 degrees, and the other side is opened with a second welding groove of 45 degrees.
  • the first welding groove and the second welding groove are symmetrically arranged, and the tail is symmetrical.
  • the bottom edge and the outlet edge of the fixed vane are connected by welding.
  • the thickness of the tail water outlet is 3-5 mm.
  • the plurality of fixed vanes are all of the same geometrical size, and the spacing of any two adjacent fixed vanes is the same.
  • the water outlet side of the fixed vane and the upper end of the tail fin are welded to form a first weld seam, and the water outlet side of the fixed vane and the lower end of the tail fin are welded to form a second weld seam.
  • the rear side of the fixed guide vane is a straight line, and the side of the first tail is an extension of the back line of the fixed vane tail; the front line of the fixed vane tail is a straight line, and the side of the second tail is a fixed guide tail tail type line Extension line.
  • the back side of the fixed vane tail is a curve
  • the side of the first tail is the tangent of the back line of the fixed vane tail
  • the tangent point is the intersection of the back type line of the fixed vane tail and the bottom side of the tail
  • the side of the second tail is the tangent of the front line of the fixed vane tail
  • the tangent point is the intersection of the front line of the fixed vane tail and the bottom side of the tail.
  • the material of the tail fin is the same as the material of the fixed vane.
  • the empennage is a small strip that is welded to the water outlet edge of the fixed vane. It is partial and the empennage is mounted on the water outlet side of the fixed vane, which has no negative impact on the hydraulic characteristics and mechanical properties of the counter-turbine.
  • the fixed vane tail adopts a trapezoidal shape with a specific cross section, which can increase the excitation frequency of the Karman vortex street and reduce the excitation energy of the Karman vortex street, thereby staggering the fixed vane outlet Karman vortex frequency from the fixed vane natural frequency. Eliminate the purpose of resonance.
  • the frequency of the exit Karman vortex is staggered from the natural frequency of the fixed vane to prevent hydroelastic resonance, avoid cracks in the fixed guide vane and whistling of the turbine, ensure the stability of the turbine, and the whole construction process is simple and the construction cost is low.
  • a counter-type turbine seat ring comprising an upper ring plate, a lower ring plate and a plurality of fixed guide vanes fixed between the upper ring plate and the lower ring plate, the fixed guide vanes are provided with a tail fin, and the tail fin is fixed at the fixed In the middle of the water outlet side of the vane, the tail is column-shaped, and the cross section of the tail is trapezoidal. It is surrounded by the bottom edge of the tail, the water outlet of the tail, the side of the first tail and the side of the second tail.
  • the length of the bottom of the tail and the fixed vane The length of the water outlet is equal, the bottom edge of the tail wing is fixedly connected with the water outlet edge of the fixed vane, the bottom edge of the tail wing is parallel to the water outlet side of the tail fin, and the length of the bottom edge of the tail wing is greater than the length of the tail water outlet edge, since the tail wing is a type of welding on the fixed vane.
  • the small strip on the side of the water outlet is partial.
  • the tail is installed on the water outlet side of the fixed vane, which can increase the excitation frequency of the Kamen vortex street, reduce the excitation energy of the Kamen vortex street, and enable the fixed vane outlet door.
  • the vortex frequency is staggered from the natural frequency of the fixed vane to prevent hydroelastic resonance, avoid cracking of the fixed vane and whistling of the turbine, and ensure the working stability of the turbine.
  • the first welding groove of 45 degrees is opened on one side of the bottom edge of the tail wing, and the second welding groove of 45 degrees is opened on the other side, and the first welding groove and the second welding groove are symmetric.
  • the bottom edge of the tail wing and the water outlet edge of the fixed vane are welded, which not only reduces the influence of the field welding on the fixed vane, but also ensures the overall strength, and can reduce the workload of the field welding tail.
  • a distance h 1 is reserved between the upper end of the empennage and the upper ring plate, and a distance h 2 is reserved between the lower end of the empennage and the lower ring plate, and h 1 is 1-5% of the height of the fixed guide vane h , h 2 is 1-5% of the height of the fixed vane h, which can keep the natural frequency of the seat ring and the fixed vane unchanged, and improve the accuracy of staggering the Karman vortex frequency and the natural frequency of the fixed vane; h 1 and h 2 They are 1-5% of the height of the outlet side of the fixed vane, respectively, and the tail fin can be covered as much as possible along the height of the fixed vane.
  • the water outlet side of the fixed vane and the upper end of the tail fin are welded to form a first weld seam, and the water outlet side of the fixed vane and the lower end of the tail fin are welded to form a second weld seam, and the tail fin and the fixed vane can be fixed. They are firmly connected to further protect the overall strength.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a counter-operating turbine seat ring after installing a tail fin according to the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the tail of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the water outlet of the tail fin and the fixed vane of the present invention
  • Embodiment 6 is a schematic structural view of a fixed vane and a tail fin connected in Embodiment 6 of the present invention
  • FIG. 5 is a view showing the field measurement result of the time domain value of the dynamic stress on the back surface of the fixed guide vane in front of the welding tail fin and the welding tail fin according to the present invention
  • a method for preventing cracking of a counter-turbine fixed vane resonance comprises the following steps:
  • a distance h 1 is reserved between the upper end of the empennage and the upper ring plate, and a distance h 2 is reserved between the lower end of the empennage and the lower ring plate, and h 1 is 1% of the height of the fixed guide vane h, h 2 is 1% of the fixed vane height h;
  • a method for preventing cracking of a counter-turbine fixed vane resonance comprises the following steps:
  • a distance h 1 is reserved between the upper end of the empennage and the upper ring plate, and a distance h 2 is reserved between the lower end of the empennage and the lower ring plate, and h 1 is 2% of the height of the fixed guide vane h, h 2 is 2% of the height of the fixed vane h;
  • the empennage 4 is welded to the water outlet side of the fixed vane 3 by means of root penetration.
  • the counter-turbine seat ring includes an upper ring plate 1, a lower ring plate 2, and a plurality of fixed vanes 3 fixed between the upper ring plate 1 and the lower ring plate 2, and the fixed vane 3 is provided with a tail fin 4,
  • the empennage 4 is fixed on the middle of the outlet side of the fixed vane 3, the empennage 4 is columnar, and the empennage 4 has a trapezoidal cross section, and the empennage bottom edge 5, the empennage outlet water edge 6, the first empennage side edge 7 and the second empennage side edge 8 is enclosed, the length of the bottom edge 5 of the tail wing is equal to the length of the water outlet side of the fixed vane 3, and the bottom edge 5 of the tail wing is fixedly connected with the water outlet side of the fixed vane 3, and the bottom edge 5 of the tail wing is parallel with the water outlet edge 6 of the tail fin, and the bottom edge of the tail fin is parallel. 5 length is greater than the length of the tail water outlet 6 .
  • the counter-turbine seat ring includes an upper ring plate, a lower ring plate and a plurality of fixed guide vanes fixed between the upper ring plate and the lower ring plate, and the fixed guide vanes are provided with a tail fin, and the tail fin is fixed on the water outlet side of the fixed guide vane
  • the tail In the middle part, the tail is column-shaped, and the cross section of the tail is trapezoidal. It is surrounded by the bottom edge of the tail, the water outlet of the tail, the side of the first tail and the side of the second tail. The length of the bottom of the tail is equal to the length of the outlet of the fixed vane.
  • the bottom edge of the tail wing is fixedly connected with the water outlet edge of the fixed vane.
  • the bottom edge of the tail wing is parallel to the water outlet side of the tail fin, and the length of the bottom edge of the tail wing is greater than the length of the tail water outlet edge, because the tail wing is a small welded wire on the water outlet edge of the fixed guide vane.
  • the strip is partial, and the tail is mounted on the water outlet side of the fixed vane, which can increase the excitation frequency of the Karman vortex street, reduce the excitation energy of the Karman vortex street, and can fix the fixed vane outlet Karman vortex frequency and fixed
  • the natural frequency of the guide vanes is staggered to prevent hydroelastic resonance, avoid cracks in the fixed vanes and whistling of the turbine, and ensure the working stability of the turbine.
  • a method for preventing cracking of a counter-turbine fixed vane resonance comprises the following steps:
  • a distance h 1 is reserved between the upper end of the empennage and the upper ring plate, and a distance h 2 is reserved between the lower end of the empennage and the lower ring plate, and h 1 is 3% of the height of the fixed guide vane h, h 2 is 3% of the fixed vane height h;
  • the empennage 4 is welded to the water outlet side of the fixed vane 3 by means of root penetration.
  • the counter-turbine seat ring includes an upper ring plate 1, a lower ring plate 2, and a plurality of fixed vanes 3 fixed between the upper ring plate 1 and the lower ring plate 2, and the fixed vane 3 is provided with a tail fin 4,
  • the empennage 4 is fixed on the middle of the outlet side of the fixed vane 3, the empennage 4 is columnar, and the empennage 4 has a trapezoidal cross section, and the empennage bottom edge 5, the empennage outlet water edge 6, the first empennage side edge 7 and the second empennage side edge 8 is enclosed, the length of the bottom edge 5 of the tail wing is equal to the length of the water outlet side of the fixed vane 3, and the bottom edge 5 of the tail wing is fixedly connected with the water outlet side of the fixed vane 3, and the bottom edge 5 of the tail wing is parallel with the water outlet edge 6 of the tail fin, and the bottom edge of the tail fin is parallel. 5 length is greater than the length of the tail water outlet 6 .
  • One side of the bottom edge 5 of the tail is opened with a first welding groove 9 of 45 degrees, and the other side is opened with a second welding groove 10 of 45 degrees, the first welding groove 9 and the second welding groove 10 is symmetrically arranged, the bottom edge 5 of the tail and the water outlet of the fixed vane 3 are connected by welding.
  • the tail water outlet 6 has a thickness of 3 mm.
  • a method for preventing cracking of a counter-turbine fixed vane resonance comprises the following steps:
  • a distance h 1 is reserved between the upper end of the empennage and the upper ring plate, and a distance h 2 is reserved between the lower end of the empennage and the lower ring plate, and h 1 is 4% of the height of the fixed guide vane h, h 2 is 4% of the fixed vane height h;
  • the empennage 4 is welded to the water outlet side of the fixed vane 3 by means of root penetration.
  • the counter-turbine seat ring includes an upper ring plate 1, a lower ring plate 2, and a plurality of fixed vanes 3 fixed between the upper ring plate 1 and the lower ring plate 2, and the fixed vane 3 is provided with a tail fin 4,
  • the empennage 4 is fixed on the middle of the outlet side of the fixed vane 3, the empennage 4 is columnar, and the empennage 4 has a trapezoidal cross section, and the empennage bottom edge 5, the empennage outlet water edge 6, the first empennage side edge 7 and the second empennage side edge 8 is enclosed, the length of the bottom edge 5 of the tail wing is equal to the length of the water outlet side of the fixed vane 3, and the bottom edge 5 of the tail wing is fixedly connected with the water outlet side of the fixed vane 3, and the bottom edge 5 of the tail wing is parallel with the water outlet edge 6 of the tail fin, and the bottom edge of the tail fin is parallel. 5 length is greater than the length of the tail water outlet 6 .
  • One side of the bottom edge 5 of the tail is opened with a first welding groove 9 of 45 degrees, and the other side is opened with a second welding groove 10 of 45 degrees, the first welding groove 9 and the second welding groove 10 is symmetrically arranged, the bottom edge 5 of the tail and the water outlet of the fixed vane 3 are connected by welding.
  • the tail water outlet 6 has a thickness of 4 mm.
  • a method for preventing cracking of a counter-turbine fixed vane resonance comprises the following steps:
  • a distance h 1 is reserved between the upper end of the empennage and the upper ring plate, and a distance h 2 is reserved between the lower end of the empennage and the lower ring plate, and h 1 is 5% of the height of the fixed guide vane h, h 2 is 5% of the fixed vane height h;
  • the empennage 4 is welded to the water outlet side of the fixed vane 3 by means of root penetration.
  • the counter-turbine seat ring includes an upper ring plate 1, a lower ring plate 2, and a plurality of fixed vanes 3 fixed between the upper ring plate 1 and the lower ring plate 2, and the fixed vane 3 is provided with a tail fin 4,
  • the empennage 4 is fixed on the middle of the outlet side of the fixed vane 3, the empennage 4 is columnar, and the empennage 4 has a trapezoidal cross section, and the empennage bottom edge 5, the empennage outlet water edge 6, the first empennage side edge 7 and the second empennage side edge 8 is enclosed, the length of the bottom edge 5 of the tail wing is equal to the length of the water outlet side of the fixed vane 3, and the bottom edge 5 of the tail wing is fixedly connected with the water outlet side of the fixed vane 3, and the bottom edge 5 of the tail wing is parallel with the water outlet edge 6 of the tail fin, and the bottom edge of the tail fin is parallel. 5 length is greater than the length of the tail water outlet 6 .
  • One side of the bottom edge 5 of the tail is opened with a first welding groove 9 of 45 degrees, and the other side is opened with a second welding groove 10 of 45 degrees, the first welding groove 9 and the second welding groove 10 is symmetrically arranged, the bottom edge 5 of the tail and the water outlet of the fixed vane 3 are connected by welding.
  • the tail water outlet 6 has a thickness of 5 mm.
  • the plurality of fixed vanes 3 are all of the same geometrical size, and the spacing of any two adjacent fixed vanes 3 is the same.
  • a method for preventing cracking of a counter-turbine fixed vane resonance comprises the following steps:
  • a distance h 1 is reserved between the upper end of the empennage and the upper ring plate, and a distance h 2 is reserved between the lower end of the empennage and the lower ring plate, and h 1 is 5% of the height of the fixed guide vane h, h 2 is 5% of the fixed vane height h;
  • the empennage 4 is welded to the water outlet side of the fixed vane 3 by means of root penetration.
  • the counter-turbine seat ring includes an upper ring plate 1, a lower ring plate 2, and a plurality of fixed vanes 3 fixed between the upper ring plate 1 and the lower ring plate 2, and the fixed vane 3 is provided with a tail fin 4,
  • the empennage 4 is fixed on the middle of the outlet side of the fixed vane 3, the empennage 4 is columnar, and the empennage 4 has a trapezoidal cross section, and the empennage bottom edge 5, the empennage outlet water edge 6, the first empennage side edge 7 and the second empennage side edge 8 is encircled, the length of the bottom edge 5 of the tail wing is equal to the length of the water outlet side of the fixed vane 3, and the bottom edge 5 of the tail wing is fixedly connected with the water outlet side of the fixed vane 3, and the bottom edge 5 of the tail wing is parallel with the water outlet edge 6 of the tail fin, and the bottom edge of the tail fin is parallel. 5 length is greater than the length of the tail water outlet 6 .
  • One side of the bottom edge 5 of the tail is opened with a first welding groove 9 of 45 degrees, and the other side is opened with a second welding groove 10 of 45 degrees, the first welding groove 9 and the second welding groove 10 is symmetrically arranged, the bottom edge 5 of the tail and the water outlet of the fixed vane 3 are connected by welding.
  • the tail water outlet 6 has a thickness of 5 mm.
  • the plurality of fixed vanes 3 are all of the same geometrical size, and the spacing of any two adjacent fixed vanes 3 is the same.
  • the water outlet side of the fixed vane 3 and the upper end of the empennage 4 are joined by welding to form a first weld bead 11, and the water outlet side of the fixed vane 3 and the lower end of the empennage 4 are joined by welding to form a second weld bead 12.
  • the rear guide line of the fixed vane 3 is a straight line
  • the first tail side 7 is an extension line of the rear side profile of the fixed vane 3
  • the front guide line of the fixed vane 3 is a straight line
  • the second tail side 8 is a fixed guide.
  • a method for preventing cracking of a counter-turbine fixed vane resonance comprises the following steps:
  • a distance h 1 is reserved between the upper end of the empennage and the upper ring plate, and a distance h 2 is reserved between the lower end of the empennage and the lower ring plate, and h 1 is 5% of the height of the fixed guide vane h, h 2 is 5% of the fixed vane height h;
  • the empennage 4 is welded to the water outlet side of the fixed vane 3 by means of root penetration.
  • the counter-turbine seat ring includes an upper ring plate 1, a lower ring plate 2, and a plurality of fixed vanes 3 fixed between the upper ring plate 1 and the lower ring plate 2, and the fixed vane 3 is provided with a tail fin 4,
  • the empennage 4 is fixed on the middle of the outlet side of the fixed vane 3, the empennage 4 is columnar, and the empennage 4 has a trapezoidal cross section, and the empennage bottom edge 5, the empennage outlet water edge 6, the first empennage side edge 7 and the second empennage side edge 8 is enclosed, the length of the bottom edge 5 of the tail wing is equal to the length of the water outlet side of the fixed vane 3, and the bottom edge 5 of the tail wing is fixedly connected with the water outlet side of the fixed vane 3, and the bottom edge 5 of the tail wing is parallel with the water outlet edge 6 of the tail fin, and the bottom edge of the tail fin is parallel. 5 length is greater than the length of the tail water outlet 6 .
  • One side of the bottom edge 5 of the tail is opened with a first welding groove 9 of 45 degrees, and the other side is opened with a second welding groove 10 of 45 degrees, the first welding groove 9 and the second welding groove 10 is symmetrically arranged, the bottom edge 5 of the tail and the water outlet of the fixed vane 3 are connected by welding.
  • the tail water outlet 6 has a thickness of 5 mm.
  • the plurality of fixed vanes 3 are all of the same geometrical size, and the spacing of any two adjacent fixed vanes 3 is the same.
  • the water outlet side of the fixed vane 3 and the upper end of the empennage 4 are joined by welding to form a first weld bead 11, and the water outlet side of the fixed vane 3 and the lower end of the empennage 4 are joined by welding to form a second weld bead 12.
  • the rear guide line of the fixed vane 3 is a curve
  • the first tail side 7 is a tangent to the back type line of the fixed vane 3, and the tangent point is the intersection of the rear end type line of the fixed vane 3 and the bottom side 5 of the tail fin
  • the front line of the tail of the leaf 3 is a curve
  • the side 8 of the second tail is a tangent to the front line of the tail of the fixed vane 3, and the tangent point is the intersection of the front line of the fixed vane 3 and the bottom line 5 of the tail.
  • the material of the tail fin 4 is the same as the material of the fixed vane 3.
  • the water outlet side of the fixed vane and the upper end of the tail fin are welded to form a first weld seam, and the water outlet side of the fixed vane and the lower end of the tail fin are welded to form a second weld seam, and the tail fin and the fixed vane can be firmly connected Further guarantees the overall strength.
  • a counter-turbine with resonance of the fixed vane outlet Kamen vortex is in the range of 190-200 MW of the turbine, and the dynamic stress time domain of the fixed vane back is 148-157 MPa from the front of the welded tail. Retracted to within 5 MPa after welding the tail.
  • the fixed vanes no longer have cracks, and in the turbine power range of 180-200 MW, the whistling from the turbine no longer occurs.

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Abstract

一种防止反击式水轮机固定导叶共振产生裂纹的方法，包括以下步骤：根据反击式水轮机座环上的固定导叶(3)断面几何尺寸确定尾翼(4)，加工尾翼(4)备用；将尾翼(4)的上端与上环板(1)之间预留一段距离h 1,尾翼(4)的下端与下环板(2)之间预留一段距离h 2，h 1为固定导叶(3)高度h的1-5％，h 2为固定导叶(3)高度h的1-5％；将尾翼(4)安装在固定导叶(3)的出水边上。通过将尾翼(4)安装在水轮机的固定导叶(3)上，能够提高卡门涡街的激振频率，防止产生水力弹性共振，避免固定导叶(3)发生裂纹和水轮机产生啸声。

Description

防止反击式水轮机固定导叶共振产生裂纹的方法 技术领域
本发明涉及到水轮机领域，尤其涉及一种防止反击式水轮机固定导叶共振产生裂纹的方法。
背景技术
反击式水轮机的固定导叶具有两个功能，其一，作为过流部件，将来自水轮机蜗壳的水流均匀地导入活动导叶；其二，作为受力部件，将整个水轮发电机组的重量传递到混凝土基础上。由于反击式水轮机水力设计技术的进步，采用最新技术设计的固定导叶很少出现水力弹性共振问题。但有两个原因仍使这一共振现象在一些已投运的反击式水轮机上偶有发生，一是现有的水力设计技术还难于对固定导叶出口卡门涡街的频率进行准确预测；二是反击式水轮机的大型化和固定导叶厚度的减小使得固定导叶的刚度降低，从而降低了固定导叶的固有频率，增大了固定导叶出口卡门涡街频率与固有频率重合而产生共振的可能性。一旦出现这种共振，水轮机运行中将出现啸声，并在很短的时间内造成固定导叶裂纹。
卡门涡街的形成主要是固定导叶型线设计不良，在固定导叶出口正、背面出口附近产生流动分离，正、背面的流动分离涡呈交错脱离所致。卡门涡街的频率为
Figure PCTCN2019083077-appb-000001
其中f k为卡门涡街频率Hz；S为斯特鲁哈数，它与雷诺数有关，在反击式水轮机中，S＝0.18～0.24；V为边界层外的主流速度m/s；t为脱流的尾迹宽度m，该尾迹宽度为固定导叶出水边厚度、正面边界层厚度、背面边界层厚度三者之和。一旦固定导叶出口卡门涡街频率与固定导叶在水下的低阶固有频率相等或相近，就会出现水力弹性共振。要消除此共振，理论上只需将两种频率错开即可，即要么提高卡门涡街频率，要么提高固定导叶的固有频率。而从已投运反击式水轮机工程实践的可行性上讲，通过增加固定导叶刚度来提高其固有频率变得十分困难。因此，在现有技术中，通常不采用改变固定导叶固有频率的方法，而主要采用提高固定导叶出口卡门涡街频率的方法来消除这种共振。采用提高卡门涡街频率的方法不仅错开了与固定导叶固有频率重合，还能大大降低卡门涡街的能量，因为卡门涡街频率一旦提高，其涡街的能量将大大削弱，从而极大地降低了卡门涡街激起共振的可能性。
现有技术中，为了提高固定导叶出口卡门涡街频率，最常用的方法是对固定导叶背面进行修型，通过修改固定导叶出水边附近固定导叶背面的型线，并减薄固定导叶出水边的厚度，减少固定导叶出水边脱流，降低固定导叶出水边脱流点尾迹宽度，提高卡门涡街频率，降低涡街能量，从而达到消除共振的目的。然而采用这种修型方法却存在以下缺点，其一，由于卡门涡街频率和固定导叶固有频率理论上很难准确给出，因此固定导叶尾部的修型量很难确定，也就是说，对固定导叶出水边进行修型不能确保一蹴而就，很多情况下需要进行多次修型才能彻底消除卡门涡街引起的共振问题，工程实施难度大，周期长，成本也高；其二，固定导叶是反击式水轮机最重要的受力部件，对固定导叶出水边进行修型多少会降低固定导叶的机械强度；其三，对固定导叶出水边进行修型多少会改变固定导叶的固有频率，这也为卡门涡街激振频率与固定导叶固有频率之间的错频带来了新的不确定性。
公开号为CN 201047332Y，公开日为2008年04月16日的中国专利文献公开了一种水轮机座环，包括上环板和下环板、周向均布焊接在上环板和下环板之间的一个个固定导叶、与上环板焊接的上固定圈和上固定环、与下环板焊接的下固定圈和下固定环，其特征是：所述上固定圈和上固定环焊接在上环板的下端面，上固定环外圆上焊接有环形导流板，环形导流板与上环板之间均布焊接有筋板；下固定圈和下固定环焊接在下环板的上端面，下固定环外圆上焊接有环形导流板，环形导流板与下环板之间均布焊接有筋板。
公开号为CN 204646509U，公开日为2015年09月16日的中国专利文献公开了一种水轮机座环组件，包括：上铜环、上过渡板、上环板、下环板、下铜环、下过渡板，上铜环及上过渡板设于上环板上，下铜环及下过渡板设于下环板上，其特征在于：还包括固定导叶及中环板组合，中环板组合包括上层板及下层板，上层板与下层板之间还设有连接固定条，中环板组合设于上环板与下环板之间，上层板及下层板均设有让固定导叶穿过的限位孔，固定导叶穿过限位孔，且固定导叶与限位孔的边缘还通过焊接固定，且两端分别焊接固定于上环板及下环板。
以上述专利文献为代表的现有技术，均存在如下缺陷：
座环上的固定导叶出口卡门涡街频率与固定导叶固有频率容易重合，产生水力弹性共振，致使固定导叶发生裂纹，水轮机产生啸声，影响水轮机的工作稳定性。
发明内容
本发明为了克服上述现有技术的缺陷，提供一种防止反击式水轮机固定导叶共振产生裂纹的方法，本发明通过将尾翼安装在水轮机的固定导叶 上，能够提高卡门涡街的激振频率，降低卡门涡街的激振能量，进而将固定导叶出口卡门涡街频率与固定导叶固有频率错开，防止产生水力弹性共振，避免固定导叶发生裂纹和水轮机产生啸声，保证水轮机工作稳定性。
本发明通过下述技术方案实现：
防止反击式水轮机固定导叶共振产生裂纹的方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
a、根据反击式水轮机座环上的固定导叶断面几何尺寸确定尾翼，加工尾翼备用；
b、将尾翼的上端与上环板之间预留一段距离h 1,尾翼的下端与下环板之间预留一段距离h 2，h 1为固定导叶高度h的1-5％，h 2为固定导叶高度h的1-5％；
c、将尾翼安装在固定导叶的出水边上。
所述步骤c中，尾翼采用清根焊透的方式焊接在固定导叶的出水边上。
所述反击式水轮机座环，包括上环板、下环板和固定于上环板和下环板之间的多个固定导叶，固定导叶上设置有尾翼，尾翼固定在固定导叶的出水边中部上，尾翼呈柱状，尾翼的横截面呈梯形，由尾翼底边、尾翼出水边、第一尾翼侧边和第二尾翼侧边围成，尾翼底边长度与固定导叶的出水边长度相等，尾翼底边与固定导叶的出水边固定连接，尾翼底边与尾翼出水边平行，且尾翼底边长度大于尾翼出水边长度。
所述尾翼底边的一侧开有呈45度的第一焊接坡口，另一侧开有呈45度的第二焊接坡口，第一焊接坡口和第二焊接坡口对称布置，尾翼底边与固定导叶的出水边通过焊接连接。
所述尾翼出水边的厚度为3-5毫米。
多个固定导叶均为相同几何尺寸，任意相邻两个固定导叶的间距相同。
固定导叶的出水边与尾翼的上端通过焊接连接形成第一焊缝，固定导叶的出水边与尾翼的下端通过焊接连接形成第二焊缝。
固定导叶尾部背面型线为直线，第一尾翼侧边为固定导叶尾部背面型线的延长线；固定导叶尾部正面型线为直线，第二尾翼侧边为固定导叶尾部正面型线的延长线。
固定导叶尾部背面型线为曲线，第一尾翼侧边为固定导叶尾部背面型线的切线，切点为固定导叶尾部背面型线与尾翼底边的交点；固定导叶尾部正面型线为曲线，第二尾翼侧边为固定导叶尾部正面型线的切线，切点为固定导叶尾部正面型线与尾翼底边的交点。
所述尾翼的材质与固定导叶的材质相同。
本发明的工作原理如下：
尾翼是一种装焊在固定导叶出水边上的小镶条，是局部的，将尾翼安 装在固定导叶的出水边上，其对反击式水轮机的水力特性和机械性能均无负面影响，固定导叶尾翼采用特定横截面为梯形的形状，能够提高卡门涡街的激振频率，降低卡门涡街的激振能量，从而达到将固定导叶出口卡门涡街频率与固定导叶固有频率错开消除共振的目的。
本发明的有益效果主要表现在以下方面：
一、本发明，“a、根据反击式水轮机座环上的固定导叶断面几何尺寸确定尾翼，加工尾翼备用；b、将尾翼的上端与上环板之间预留一段距离h 1,尾翼的下端与下环板之间预留一段距离h 2，h 1为固定导叶高度h的1-5％，h 2为固定导叶高度h的1-5％；c、将尾翼安装在固定导叶的出水边上”，作为一个完整的技术方案，通过将尾翼安装在水轮机的固定导叶上，能够提高卡门涡街的激振频率，降低卡门涡街的激振能量，进而将固定导叶出口卡门涡街频率与固定导叶固有频率错开，防止产生水力弹性共振，避免固定导叶发生裂纹和水轮机产生啸声，保证水轮机工作稳定性，整个施工工艺简单，施工成本低。
二、本发明，反击式水轮机座环，包括上环板、下环板和固定于上环板和下环板之间的多个固定导叶，固定导叶上设置有尾翼，尾翼固定在固定导叶的出水边中部上，尾翼呈柱状，尾翼的横截面呈梯形，由尾翼底边、尾翼出水边、第一尾翼侧边和第二尾翼侧边围成，尾翼底边长度与固定导叶的出水边长度相等，尾翼底边与固定导叶的出水边固定连接，尾翼底边与尾翼出水边平行，且尾翼底边长度大于尾翼出水边长度，由于尾翼是一种装焊在固定导叶出水边上的小镶条，是局部的，将尾翼安装在固定导叶的出水边上，能够提高卡门涡街的激振频率，降低卡门涡街的激振能量，能够将固定导叶出口卡门涡街频率与固定导叶固有频率错开，防止产生水力弹性共振，避免固定导叶发生裂纹和水轮机产生啸声，保障水轮机的工作稳定性。
三、本发明，尾翼底边的一侧开有呈45度的第一焊接坡口，另一侧开有呈45度的第二焊接坡口，第一焊接坡口和第二焊接坡口对称布置，尾翼底边与固定导叶的出水边通过焊接连接，不仅能够减少现场焊接对固定导叶的影响，保障整体强度，而且能够减小现场装焊尾翼的工作量。
四、本发明，尾翼的上端与上环板之间预留一段距离h 1,尾翼的下端与下环板之间预留一段距离h 2，h 1为固定导叶高度h的1-5％，h 2为固定导叶高度h的1-5％，能够保持座环及固定导叶的固有频率不变，提高错开卡门涡街频率和固定导叶固有频率的准确性；h 1和h 2分别为固定导叶的出水边高度的1-5％，能够沿固定导叶高度方向让尾翼尽可能多地覆盖固定导叶的出水边区域。
五、本发明，固定导叶的出水边与尾翼的上端通过焊接连接形成第一 焊缝，固定导叶的出水边与尾翼的下端通过焊接连接形成第二焊缝，能够将尾翼与固定导叶牢固地连接在一起，进一步保障了整体强度。
附图说明
下面结合说明书附图和具体实施方式对本发明作进一步的具体说明，其中：
图1为本发明安装尾翼后的反击式水轮机座环示意图；
图2为本发明尾翼的截面示意图；
图3为本发明尾翼与固定导叶的出水边连接的截面示意图；
图4为本发明实施例6中固定导叶与尾翼连接的结构示意图；
图5为本发明焊装尾翼前及焊装尾翼后固定导叶背面动应力时域值随水轮机功率变化的现场实测结果图；
图中标记：1、上环板，2、下环板，3、固定导叶，4、尾翼，5、尾翼底边，6、尾翼出水边，7、第一尾翼侧边，8、第二尾翼侧边，9、第一焊接坡口，10、第二焊接坡口，11、第一焊缝，12、第二焊缝。
具体实施方式
实施例1
参见图1和图2，防止反击式水轮机固定导叶共振产生裂纹的方法，包括以下步骤：
a、根据反击式水轮机座环上的固定导叶3断面几何尺寸确定尾翼4，加工尾翼4备用；
b、将尾翼的上端与上环板之间预留一段距离h 1,尾翼的下端与下环板之间预留一段距离h 2，h 1为固定导叶高度h的1％，h 2为固定导叶高度h的1％；
c、将尾翼4安装在固定导叶3的出水边上。
“a、根据反击式水轮机座环上的固定导叶断面几何尺寸确定尾翼，加工尾翼备用；b、将尾翼的上端与上环板之间预留一段距离h 1,尾翼的下端与下环板之间预留一段距离h 2，h 1为固定导叶高度h的1-5％，h 2为固定导叶高度h的1-5％；c、将尾翼安装在固定导叶的出水边上”，作为一个完整的技术方案，通过将尾翼安装在水轮机的固定导叶上，能够提高卡门涡街的激振频率，降低卡门涡街的激振能量，进而将固定导叶出口卡门涡街频率与固定导叶固有频率错开，防止产生水力弹性共振，避免固定导叶发生裂纹和水轮机产生啸声，保证水轮机工作稳定性，整个施工工艺简单，施工成本低。
实施例2
参见图1和图3，防止反击式水轮机固定导叶共振产生裂纹的方法，包括以下步骤：
a、根据反击式水轮机座环上的固定导叶3断面几何尺寸确定尾翼4，加工尾翼4备用；
b、将尾翼的上端与上环板之间预留一段距离h 1,尾翼的下端与下环板之间预留一段距离h 2，h 1为固定导叶高度h的2％，h 2为固定导叶高度h的2％；
c、将尾翼4安装在固定导叶3的出水边上。
所述步骤c中，尾翼4采用清根焊透的方式焊接在固定导叶3的出水边上。
所述反击式水轮机座环，包括上环板1、下环板2和固定于上环板1和下环板2之间的多个固定导叶3，固定导叶3上设置有尾翼4，尾翼4固定在固定导叶3的出水边中部上，尾翼4呈柱状，尾翼4的横截面呈梯形，由尾翼底边5、尾翼出水边6、第一尾翼侧边7和第二尾翼侧边8围成，尾翼底边5长度与固定导叶3的出水边长度相等，尾翼底边5与固定导叶3的出水边固定连接，尾翼底边5与尾翼出水边6平行，且尾翼底边5长度大于尾翼出水边6长度。
反击式水轮机座环，包括上环板、下环板和固定于上环板和下环板之间的多个固定导叶，固定导叶上设置有尾翼，尾翼固定在固定导叶的出水边中部上，尾翼呈柱状，尾翼的横截面呈梯形，由尾翼底边、尾翼出水边、第一尾翼侧边和第二尾翼侧边围成，尾翼底边长度与固定导叶的出水边长度相等，尾翼底边与固定导叶的出水边固定连接，尾翼底边与尾翼出水边平行，且尾翼底边长度大于尾翼出水边长度，由于尾翼是一种装焊在固定导叶出水边上的小镶条，是局部的，将尾翼安装在固定导叶的出水边上，能够提高卡门涡街的激振频率，降低卡门涡街的激振能量，能够将固定导叶出口卡门涡街频率与固定导叶固有频率错开，防止产生水力弹性共振，避免固定导叶发生裂纹和水轮机产生啸声，保障水轮机的工作稳定性。
实施例3
参见图1和图3，防止反击式水轮机固定导叶共振产生裂纹的方法，包括以下步骤：
a、根据反击式水轮机座环上的固定导叶3断面几何尺寸确定尾翼4，加工尾翼4备用；
b、将尾翼的上端与上环板之间预留一段距离h 1,尾翼的下端与下环板之间预留一段距离h 2，h 1为固定导叶高度h的3％，h 2为固定导叶高度h的3％；
c、将尾翼4安装在固定导叶3的出水边上。
所述步骤c中，尾翼4采用清根焊透的方式焊接在固定导叶3的出水边上。
所述反击式水轮机座环，包括上环板1、下环板2和固定于上环板1和下环板2之间的多个固定导叶3，固定导叶3上设置有尾翼4，尾翼4固定在固定导叶3的出水边中部上，尾翼4呈柱状，尾翼4的横截面呈梯形，由尾翼底边5、尾翼出水边6、第一尾翼侧边7和第二尾翼侧边8围成，尾翼底边5长度与固定导叶3的出水边长度相等，尾翼底边5与固定导叶3的出水边固定连接，尾翼底边5与尾翼出水边6平行，且尾翼底边5长度大于尾翼出水边6长度。
所述尾翼底边5的一侧开有呈45度的第一焊接坡口9，另一侧开有呈45度的第二焊接坡口10，第一焊接坡口9和第二焊接坡口10对称布置，尾翼底边5与固定导叶3的出水边通过焊接连接。
所述尾翼出水边6的厚度为3毫米。
实施例4
参见图1和图3，防止反击式水轮机固定导叶共振产生裂纹的方法，包括以下步骤：
a、根据反击式水轮机座环上的固定导叶3断面几何尺寸确定尾翼4，加工尾翼4备用；
b、将尾翼的上端与上环板之间预留一段距离h 1,尾翼的下端与下环板之间预留一段距离h 2，h 1为固定导叶高度h的4％，h 2为固定导叶高度h的4％；
c、将尾翼4安装在固定导叶3的出水边上。
所述步骤c中，尾翼4采用清根焊透的方式焊接在固定导叶3的出水边上。
所述反击式水轮机座环，包括上环板1、下环板2和固定于上环板1和下环板2之间的多个固定导叶3，固定导叶3上设置有尾翼4，尾翼4固定在固定导叶3的出水边中部上，尾翼4呈柱状，尾翼4的横截面呈梯形，由尾翼底边5、尾翼出水边6、第一尾翼侧边7和第二尾翼侧边8围成，尾翼底边5长度与固定导叶3的出水边长度相等，尾翼底边5与固定导叶3的出水边固定连接，尾翼底边5与尾翼出水边6平行，且尾翼底边5长度大于尾翼出水边6长度。
所述尾翼底边5的一侧开有呈45度的第一焊接坡口9，另一侧开有呈45度的第二焊接坡口10，第一焊接坡口9和第二焊接坡口10对称布置，尾翼底边5与固定导叶3的出水边通过焊接连接。
所述尾翼出水边6的厚度为4毫米。
实施例5
参见图1和图3，防止反击式水轮机固定导叶共振产生裂纹的方法，包括以下步骤：
a、根据反击式水轮机座环上的固定导叶3断面几何尺寸确定尾翼4，加工尾翼4备用；
b、将尾翼的上端与上环板之间预留一段距离h 1,尾翼的下端与下环板之间预留一段距离h 2，h 1为固定导叶高度h的5％，h 2为固定导叶高度h的5％；
c、将尾翼4安装在固定导叶3的出水边上。
所述步骤c中，尾翼4采用清根焊透的方式焊接在固定导叶3的出水边上。
所述反击式水轮机座环，包括上环板1、下环板2和固定于上环板1和下环板2之间的多个固定导叶3，固定导叶3上设置有尾翼4，尾翼4固定在固定导叶3的出水边中部上，尾翼4呈柱状，尾翼4的横截面呈梯形，由尾翼底边5、尾翼出水边6、第一尾翼侧边7和第二尾翼侧边8围成，尾翼底边5长度与固定导叶3的出水边长度相等，尾翼底边5与固定导叶3的出水边固定连接，尾翼底边5与尾翼出水边6平行，且尾翼底边5长度大于尾翼出水边6长度。
所述尾翼底边5的一侧开有呈45度的第一焊接坡口9，另一侧开有呈45度的第二焊接坡口10，第一焊接坡口9和第二焊接坡口10对称布置，尾翼底边5与固定导叶3的出水边通过焊接连接。
所述尾翼出水边6的厚度为5毫米。
多个固定导叶3均为相同几何尺寸，任意相邻两个固定导叶3的间距相同。
实施例6
参见图1、图3和图4，防止反击式水轮机固定导叶共振产生裂纹的方法，包括以下步骤：
a、根据反击式水轮机座环上的固定导叶3断面几何尺寸确定尾翼4，加工尾翼4备用；
b、将尾翼的上端与上环板之间预留一段距离h 1,尾翼的下端与下环板之间预留一段距离h 2，h 1为固定导叶高度h的5％，h 2为固定导叶高度h的5％；
c、将尾翼4安装在固定导叶3的出水边上。
所述步骤c中，尾翼4采用清根焊透的方式焊接在固定导叶3的出水边上。
所述反击式水轮机座环，包括上环板1、下环板2和固定于上环板1和下环板2之间的多个固定导叶3，固定导叶3上设置有尾翼4，尾翼4固定在固定导叶3的出水边中部上，尾翼4呈柱状，尾翼4的横截面呈梯形，由尾翼底边5、尾翼出水边6、第一尾翼侧边7和第二尾翼侧边8围成， 尾翼底边5长度与固定导叶3的出水边长度相等，尾翼底边5与固定导叶3的出水边固定连接，尾翼底边5与尾翼出水边6平行，且尾翼底边5长度大于尾翼出水边6长度。
所述尾翼底边5的一侧开有呈45度的第一焊接坡口9，另一侧开有呈45度的第二焊接坡口10，第一焊接坡口9和第二焊接坡口10对称布置，尾翼底边5与固定导叶3的出水边通过焊接连接。
所述尾翼出水边6的厚度为5毫米。
多个固定导叶3均为相同几何尺寸，任意相邻两个固定导叶3的间距相同。
固定导叶3的出水边与尾翼4的上端通过焊接连接形成第一焊缝11，固定导叶3的出水边与尾翼4的下端通过焊接连接形成第二焊缝12。
固定导叶3尾部背面型线为直线，第一尾翼侧边7为固定导叶3尾部背面型线的延长线；固定导叶3尾部正面型线为直线，第二尾翼侧边8为固定导叶3尾部正面型线的延长线。
实施例7
参见图1、图3和图4，防止反击式水轮机固定导叶共振产生裂纹的方法，包括以下步骤：
a、根据反击式水轮机座环上的固定导叶3断面几何尺寸确定尾翼4，加工尾翼4备用；
b、将尾翼的上端与上环板之间预留一段距离h 1,尾翼的下端与下环板之间预留一段距离h 2，h 1为固定导叶高度h的5％，h 2为固定导叶高度h的5％；
c、将尾翼4安装在固定导叶3的出水边上。
所述步骤c中，尾翼4采用清根焊透的方式焊接在固定导叶3的出水边上。
所述反击式水轮机座环，包括上环板1、下环板2和固定于上环板1和下环板2之间的多个固定导叶3，固定导叶3上设置有尾翼4，尾翼4固定在固定导叶3的出水边中部上，尾翼4呈柱状，尾翼4的横截面呈梯形，由尾翼底边5、尾翼出水边6、第一尾翼侧边7和第二尾翼侧边8围成，尾翼底边5长度与固定导叶3的出水边长度相等，尾翼底边5与固定导叶3的出水边固定连接，尾翼底边5与尾翼出水边6平行，且尾翼底边5长度大于尾翼出水边6长度。
所述尾翼底边5的一侧开有呈45度的第一焊接坡口9，另一侧开有呈45度的第二焊接坡口10，第一焊接坡口9和第二焊接坡口10对称布置，尾翼底边5与固定导叶3的出水边通过焊接连接。
所述尾翼出水边6的厚度为5毫米。
多个固定导叶3均为相同几何尺寸，任意相邻两个固定导叶3的间距相同。
固定导叶3的出水边与尾翼4的上端通过焊接连接形成第一焊缝11，固定导叶3的出水边与尾翼4的下端通过焊接连接形成第二焊缝12。
固定导叶3尾部背面型线为曲线，第一尾翼侧边7为固定导叶3尾部背面型线的切线，切点为固定导叶3尾部背面型线与尾翼底边5的交点；固定导叶3尾部正面型线为曲线，第二尾翼侧边8为固定导叶3尾部正面型线的切线，切点为固定导叶3尾部正面型线与尾翼底边5的交点。
所述尾翼4的材质与固定导叶3的材质相同。
固定导叶的出水边与尾翼的上端通过焊接连接形成第一焊缝，固定导叶的出水边与尾翼的下端通过焊接连接形成第二焊缝，能够将尾翼与固定导叶牢固地连接在一起，进一步保障了整体强度。
从图5可以看出，一台存在固定导叶出口卡门涡街引起共振的反击式水轮机，在水轮机功率190-200MW范围，固定导叶背面的动应力时域值从焊装尾翼前148-157MPa回落到焊装尾翼后5MPa以内。
焊装尾翼后，固定导叶不再出现裂纹，且在水轮机功率180-200MW范围，也不再出现来自水轮机的啸声。
表明采用本发明错开了固定导叶出口卡门涡街频率与固定导叶固有频率，降低了卡门涡街的激振能量，消除了水力弹性共振，保证了水轮机的工作稳定性。

Claims (9)

  1. 防止反击式水轮机固定导叶共振产生裂纹的方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
    a、根据反击式水轮机座环上的固定导叶(3)断面几何尺寸确定尾翼(4)，加工尾翼(4)备用；
    b、将尾翼(4)的上端与上环板(1)之间预留一段距离h 1,尾翼(4)的下端与下环板(2)之间预留一段距离h 2，h 1为固定导叶(3)高度h的1-5％，h 2为固定导叶(3)高度h的1-5％；
    c、将尾翼(4)安装在固定导叶(3)的出水边上。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的防止反击式水轮机固定导叶共振产生裂纹的方法，其特征在于：所述步骤c中，尾翼(4)采用清根焊透的方式焊接在固定导叶(3)的出水边上。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的防止反击式水轮机固定导叶共振产生裂纹的方法，其特征在于：所述反击式水轮机座环，包括上环板(1)、下环板(2)和固定于上环板(1)和下环板(2)之间的多个固定导叶(3)，固定导叶(3)上设置有尾翼(4)，尾翼(4)固定在固定导叶(3)的出水边中部上，尾翼(4)呈柱状，尾翼(4)的横截面呈梯形，由尾翼底边(5)、尾翼出水边(6)、第一尾翼侧边(7)和第二尾翼侧边(8)围成，尾翼底边(5)长度与固定导叶(3)的出水边长度相等，尾翼底边(5)与固定导叶(3)的出水边固定连接，尾翼底边(5)与尾翼出水边(6)平行，且尾翼底边(5)长度大于尾翼出水边(6)长度。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的防止反击式水轮机固定导叶共振产生裂纹的方法，其特征在于：所述尾翼底边(5)的一侧开有呈45度的第一焊接坡口(9)，另一侧开有呈45度的第二焊接坡口(10)，第一焊接坡口(9)和第二焊接坡口(10)对称布置，尾翼底边(5)与固定导叶(3)的出水边通过焊接连接。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的防止反击式水轮机固定导叶共振产生裂纹的方法，其特征在于：所述尾翼出水边(6)的厚度为3-5毫米。
  6. 根据权利要求3所述的防止反击式水轮机固定导叶共振产生裂纹的方法，其特征在于：多个固定导叶(3)均为相同几何尺寸，任意相邻两个固定导叶(3)的间距相同。
  7. 根据权利要求3所述的防止反击式水轮机固定导叶共振产生裂纹的方法，其特征在于：固定导叶(3)的出水边与尾翼(4)的上端通过焊接连接形成第一焊缝(11)，固定导叶(3)的出水边与尾翼(4)的下端通过 焊接连接形成第二焊缝(12)。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的防止反击式水轮机固定导叶共振产生裂纹的方法，其特征在于：固定导叶(3)尾部背面型线为直线，第一尾翼侧边(7)为固定导叶(3)尾部背面型线的延长线；固定导叶(3)尾部正面型线为直线，第二尾翼侧边(8)为固定导叶(3)尾部正面型线的延长线。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的防止反击式水轮机固定导叶共振产生裂纹的方法，其特征在于：固定导叶(3)尾部背面型线为曲线，第一尾翼侧边(7)为固定导叶(3)尾部背面型线的切线，切点为固定导叶(3)尾部背面型线与尾翼底边(5)的交点；固定导叶(3)尾部正面型线为曲线，第二尾翼侧边(8)为固定导叶(3)尾部正面型线的切线，切点为固定导叶(3)尾部正面型线与尾翼底边(5)的交点。
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