WO2019200717A1 - 玉米秸秆处理装置及玉米秸秆处理的方法 - Google Patents

玉米秸秆处理装置及玉米秸秆处理的方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019200717A1
WO2019200717A1 PCT/CN2018/093935 CN2018093935W WO2019200717A1 WO 2019200717 A1 WO2019200717 A1 WO 2019200717A1 CN 2018093935 W CN2018093935 W CN 2018093935W WO 2019200717 A1 WO2019200717 A1 WO 2019200717A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
straw
corn
conveyor belt
disposed
cutting
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PCT/CN2018/093935
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
刘丽丽
韩翔
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徐州工程学院
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Publication of WO2019200717A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019200717A1/zh

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01F—PROCESSING OF HARVESTED PRODUCE; HAY OR STRAW PRESSES; DEVICES FOR STORING AGRICULTURAL OR HORTICULTURAL PRODUCE
    • A01F29/00—Cutting apparatus specially adapted for cutting hay, straw or the like
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
    • A01D82/00—Crop conditioners, i.e. machines for crushing or bruising stalks
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B39/00—Other machines specially adapted for working soil on which crops are growing
    • A01B39/10—Other machines specially adapted for working soil on which crops are growing with oscillating tools driven or not
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B49/00—Combined machines
    • A01B49/04—Combinations of soil-working tools with non-soil-working tools, e.g. planting tools
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B51/00—Undercarriages specially adapted for mounting-on various kinds of agricultural tools or apparatus
    • A01B51/04—Undercarriages specially adapted for mounting-on various kinds of agricultural tools or apparatus drawn by animal or tractor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
    • B07B1/00—Sieving, screening, sifting, or sorting solid materials using networks, gratings, grids, or the like
    • B07B1/28—Moving screens not otherwise provided for, e.g. swinging, reciprocating, rocking, tilting or wobbling screens
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30—PRESSES
    • B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B9/00—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes
    • B30B9/30—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes for baling; Compression boxes therefor

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of mechanical treatment of corn straw, in particular to a corn straw processing device and a method for treating corn straw.
  • Patent No. 201520602404 discloses a straw processing machine, comprising a cab, a traveling frame, a gearbox disposed on the traveling frame, a picking fork, a cutting bed, a crushing mechanism, a feeding mechanism and a storage bin;
  • the straw or forage material can be picked up by picking up the fork, and the straw or forage material picked up can be cut through the cutting bed, and the cut straw or forage material can be crushed by the crushing mechanism, and the grass can be crushed through the crushing mechanism.
  • the material mechanism can transport the pulverized straw or forage material to the storage bin.
  • the present invention provides a novel corn straw treatment device and a corn straw treatment method.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a corn straw processing device and a corn straw processing method, the corn stalks in a farmland by the cutting mechanism, the screening mechanism and the returning mechanism provided on the moving chassis After the smashing and screening, the corn segment is returned to the field and packaged; to solve the technical problem that the corn stalk is not collected and returned to the field in the prior art.
  • a corn straw processing device comprising a moving chassis for moving in a farmland and a cutting mechanism mounted on the moving chassis for cutting corn straw into straw segments;
  • a screening mechanism disposed after the cutting mechanism for removing corn leaves in the straw section;
  • a pulverizing mechanism disposed after the screening mechanism, for pulverizing part of the straw section into straw granules and spraying the arable land;
  • a briquetting mechanism disposed after the screening mechanism, for compressing the remaining corn segments after the pulverizing mechanism is collected;
  • the returning mechanism is disposed after the pulverizing mechanism for burying the straw particles sprayed to the surface below the surface.
  • the cutting mechanism includes a cutting conveyor belt disposed on the moving chassis and a cutting table disposed at a tail end of the cutting conveyor belt, and the cutting table is provided with a telescopic cutting knife.
  • the screening mechanism includes a vibrating screen and a vibration motor mounted on the vibrating screen, and a screen mesh is disposed in a middle portion of the vibrating screen, and the vibrating screen is disposed below a discharge end of the cutting table; The shaker is tilted.
  • a first lifting conveyor belt for lifting the straw section after cutting the telescopic cutter upwardly to the feed opening of the vibrating screen is further included.
  • a second lifting conveyor belt and a third conveyor belt are disposed below the discharge opening of the vibrating screen; the second lifting conveyor belt is used for conveying a part of the straw section to the feeding port of the crushing mechanism; The feed end of the third conveyor belt is disposed below the second lift conveyor belt, and the third conveyor belt is used to convey the remaining straw section of the second lift conveyor belt to the briquetting mechanism.
  • the pulverizing mechanism is a double-toothed roller crusher, and a feeding port of the pulverizing mechanism is disposed below a discharge end of the second lifting conveyor belt, and a discharge port of the pulverizing mechanism faces the ground.
  • the utility model further comprises a cloth screen disposed under the moving chassis; the feeding opening of the cloth screen is disposed below the discharge opening of the grinding mechanism, and the discharging opening of the cloth screen faces the ground.
  • the second lifting conveyor belt includes a second lifting driving roller on the moving chassis, a second lifting driven roller, and a socket in the second lifting driving roller and the second lifting slave a second conveying belt outside the moving roller, wherein the second conveying belt is spaced apart from the plurality of second retaining ribs; and the second lifting driving roller is connected to the output shaft of the second lifting motor.
  • the returning mechanism includes a trenching plough disposed behind the discharge port of the pulverizer and a groove screed disposed behind the opening plough.
  • the straw particles sprayed to the surface are buried below the surface by the returning field.
  • the invention has the following advantages:
  • the corn stalk processing apparatus includes the moving chassis for moving in a farmland and the moving chassis: the cutting mechanism, the screening mechanism, the pulverizing mechanism, and the returning mechanism And the design of the briquetting mechanism; the moving chassis drives each mechanism to move in the farmland, cuts the straw to remove the corn husk and the corn leaf on the straw, and then takes a part of the straw smash and then scatters it into the farmland to bury the field, and then The excess straw section is packaged; the invention smashes, returns the field and the briquetting treatment of the straw in the farmland, and saves the time and runs once in the farmland to complete the above operation, thereby reducing the number of rolling of the farmland.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic structural view (main view) of the corn stover processing apparatus of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a schematic structural view (top view) of the corn straw processing device of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic structural view (cross-sectional view) of the vibrating screen of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a partial enlarged view of A in Figure 1;
  • Figure 5 is a partial enlarged view of B in Figure 1;
  • FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing the electrical connection of the corn stover processing apparatus of the present invention.
  • connection In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms “installation”, “connected”, and “connected” are to be understood broadly, and may be fixed or detachable, for example, unless otherwise explicitly defined and defined. Connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanical or electrical; can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, can be the internal communication of the two components.
  • Connected, or integrally connected can be mechanical or electrical; can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, can be the internal communication of the two components.
  • the specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in a specific case by those skilled in the art.
  • a corn stover processing apparatus provided in this embodiment includes a moving chassis 1 for moving in a farmland and a mobile chassis mounted on the mobile chassis:
  • Cutting mechanism 2 for cutting corn straw into straw segments
  • a screening mechanism 3 disposed after the cutting mechanism, for removing corn leaves in the straw section;
  • the pulverizing mechanism 4 is disposed after the screening mechanism, and is used for pulverizing part of the straw section into straw granules and spraying the arable land;
  • the briquetting mechanism 6 is disposed after the screening mechanism, and is used for briquetting the remaining corn segments after the pulverizing mechanism is collected;
  • the returning mechanism 5 is disposed after the pulverizing mechanism for burying the straw particles sprayed to the surface below the surface.
  • the corn stalk processing apparatus includes the moving chassis for moving in a farmland and the moving chassis: the cutting mechanism, the screening mechanism, the pulverizing mechanism, and the returning mechanism And the design of the briquetting mechanism; the moving chassis drives each mechanism to move in the farmland, cuts the straw to remove the corn husk and the corn leaf on the straw, and then takes a part of the straw smash and then scatters it into the farmland to bury the field, and then The excess straw section is packaged; the invention smashes, returns the field and the briquetting treatment of the straw in the farmland, and saves the time and runs once in the farmland to complete the above operation, thereby reducing the number of rolling of the farmland.
  • the cutting mechanism in the embodiment includes a cutting conveyor belt 21 disposed on the moving chassis and a cutting table 22 disposed at the end of the cutting conveyor belt, on the cutting table.
  • a telescopic cutter 221 is provided.
  • the cutting table and the telescopic cutting knife disposed thereon are both prior art, and the structures and functions thereof are well known, and will not be described in detail herein.
  • the screening mechanism 3 in the embodiment includes a vibrating screen 31 and a vibration motor 32 mounted on the vibrating screen.
  • the screen is provided with a screen 311 in the middle of the vibrating screen.
  • the sieve divides the inner chamber of the vibrating screen into an upper lobular chamber 312 and a lower corn chamber 313, and the vibrating screen is disposed below the discharge end of the cutting table; the vibrating screen is inclined, that is, The left end of the vibrating screen is higher than the right end, and the discharge port 314 of the vibrating screen is disposed on the right side wall thereof.
  • the embodiment further includes a first lifting conveyor belt 7 for lifting the straw section cut by the telescopic cutting knife upward to the feeding opening of the vibrating screen.
  • a starting end of the first lifting conveyor belt is disposed at a tail end of the cutting conveyor belt, and an end of the first lifting conveyor belt is disposed above a receiving opening of the vibration screen; the first lifting conveyor belt
  • the utility model comprises two belt rollers 711 spaced apart from the moving chassis and a transport belt 712 sleeved on the outside of the two belt rollers, wherein the belt roller on the left side is higher than the belt roller on the right side, wherein The belt roller is connected to the output shaft of the belt motor 721; the outer surface of the transport belt is spaced apart from each other by a plurality of first retaining ribs 701; and the belt motor is mounted on the moving chassis through a bracket.
  • a second lifting conveyor belt 8 and a third conveyor belt 9 are disposed below the discharge opening of the vibrating screen; and the second lifting conveyor belt is used for partially stalk segments. Feeding to the feeding port 401 of the pulverizing mechanism; the feeding end of the third conveyor belt (ie, the left end of the third conveyor belt in the drawing) is disposed below the second lifting conveyor belt, a conveying lane width of the second lifting conveyor belt is the same as a width of the discharge opening of the vibrating screen and smaller than a conveying lane width of the third conveyor belt, and the third conveyor belt is for remaining the second lifting conveyor belt The straw section is conveyed to the briquetting mechanism.
  • the pulverizing mechanism is a double-toothed roller crusher, and the feeding port 401 of the pulverizing mechanism is disposed under the discharge end of the second lifting conveyor belt, and the pulverizing The discharge port of the mechanism faces the ground.
  • the corn stalk processing apparatus provided in this embodiment further includes a cloth screen 41 disposed under the moving chassis; the feeding opening of the cloth screen is disposed at the discharge port of the pulverizing mechanism Below, the discharge opening of the cloth screen faces the ground.
  • the second lifting conveyor belt 8 in the embodiment includes a second lifting driving roller 81 and a second lifting driven roller on the moving chassis. And a second conveying belt 83 sleeved on the outer side of the second lifting driving roller and the second lifting driven roller.
  • the second conveying belt is spaced apart from the outer surface by a plurality of second retaining ribs.
  • the second lifting drive roller is coupled to the output shaft of the second lift motor 811; the second lift motor is mounted to the moving chassis via a bracket.
  • the embodiment further includes a controller, wherein the cloth screen is provided with a mass sensor (this is a prior art, not shown), and the mass sensor and the second lift motor are respectively electrically connected to the controller.
  • An input module is disposed in the controller; the quality of the corn stover returned for the field is calculated for different parcels, and a preset quality value is input in the controller; the mass sensor senses the corn entering the cloth screen in real time.
  • the amount of straw particles is generated and sent to the controller, the controller comparing the received quality value with a preset quality value, and when the received quality value is greater than a preset quality value, the controller Sending a slowing signal to the second lift motor to reduce the amount of corn segments transported by the second lift drive roller to the pulverizing mechanism, thereby reducing the amount of straw returned; when the received quality signal is less than
  • the controller sends an acceleration signal to the second lift motor to increase the amount of the corn segment transported by the second lift drive roller to the pulverizing mechanism, thereby increasing the straw returned to the field Amount.
  • the returning mechanism of the present embodiment includes a ditching plow 51 disposed behind the discharge opening of the shredder and a grooved leveler disposed behind the open plow.
  • the groove-shaped screed includes a mounting shaft 521 that is disposed under the moving chassis, and two rolling bearings 522 that are sleeved on the mounting shaft. Both of the rolling bearings are sleeved with a horn roller 523, and the two horns The openings of the drum are oppositely arranged.
  • the invention provides a method for treating corn stalks in a corn straw processing device as described above, and uses the moving chassis to drive the following structures to move in the farmland, and performs the following steps:
  • the straw particles sprayed to the surface are buried below the surface by the returning field.
  • the front end of the moving chassis is connected to the power traction device, the cutting structure is disposed at the front end of the moving chassis, and the corn straw is placed on the cutting conveyor belt.
  • the cutting is transported to a cutting table transported to the end of the cutting conveyor belt, the telescopic cutting knife cutting the corn stover into a straw section, and the straw section is dropped onto the first lifting conveyor belt, the first Lifting the conveyor belt to transport the straw section to the screening mechanism, the screening mechanism screening the straw section to remove the corn husk and the corn leaf on the straw section, the straw section falling from the discharge opening of the vibrating screen, the straw section First falling onto the second lifting conveyor, the second lifting conveyor conveying part of the straw section to the pulverizing mechanism; due to the width of the conveying passage of the second lifting conveyor and the discharge of the vibrating screen The width of the mouth is the same, the second lifting conveyor belt can only receive a part of the straw section, and the excess straw section falls onto the third conveyor belt, and is transported to the
  • the mechanism compact package.
  • the straw section entering the pulverizing mechanism is pulverized and then dropped onto the cloth screen, and uniformly distributed to the farmland surface through the cloth screen, and the returning mechanism behind the pulverizing mechanism scatters the straw scattered on the ground surface of the farmland The particles are buried below the surface of the earth and the fields are ridged.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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Abstract

一种玉米秸秆处理装置包括：用于在农田中移动的移动底盘（1）和安装于移动底盘上的切割机构（2）、筛选机构（3）、粉碎机构（4）、还田机构（5）和压块机构（6）。以及一种采用上述装置实现玉米秸秆处理的方法，通过设置在移动底盘上的切割机构、筛选机构和还田机构等在农田中对玉米秸秆进行粉碎筛选后，对玉米秸秆段进行还田和打包，实现玉米秸秆一次性的收取和还田。

Description

玉米秸秆处理装置及玉米秸秆处理的方法 技术领域
本发明涉及机械处理玉米秸秆技术领域，尤其涉及一种玉米秸秆处理装置及玉米秸秆处理的方法。
背景技术
随着生活水平的提高，和玉米秸秆在农田中回收的难度，玉米棒收获后剩余的玉米秸秆已不再是农民取暖的主要材料；且随着农业技术的发展，越来越多的农业劳动者意识到玉米秸秆还田的重要性，现有比较普遍的还田方法为：1、焚烧后还田；2、直接粉碎还田；但是焚烧还田严重影响环境，是秋季及初冬雾霾的重要成因；而直接粉碎还田要考虑秸秆还田的数量，如果秸秆数量过多，不利于秸秆的腐烂和矿化，甚至影响出苗或幼苗的生长，导致作物减产，因此还田后剩余的玉米秸秆仍需再次处理。
专利号为201520602404公开了一种秸秆处理机，括驾驶室、行走车架、设置于所述行走车架上的变速箱、捡拾叉、铡切床、粉碎机构、输料机构和储料仓；通过拾捡叉可对秸秆或饲草料进行拾捡，通过铡切床可将拾捡到的秸秆或饲草料切割，通过粉碎机构可对切割后的秸秆或饲草料进行粉碎，通过输料机构可将粉碎后的秸秆或饲草料输送至储料仓。虽然此专利提供了对秸秆进行铡切粉碎的装置，但是此装置只能对玉米秸秆进行收取，无法完成还田操作，而进行秸秆还田还需要再次在农田中播撒秸秆，操作复杂且。
因此，针对上述问题，本发明就提供一种新的玉米秸秆处理装置及玉米秸秆处理的方法。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种玉米秸秆处理装置及玉米秸秆处理的方法，通过设置在所述移动底盘上的所述切割机构、所述筛选机构和所述还田机构等在农田中对玉米秸秆进行粉碎筛选后，对玉米段进行还田和打包；以解决现有技术中没有对玉米秸秆一次性的进行收取和还田装置的技术问题。
本发明的目的是通过以下技术方案实现的：
一种玉米秸秆处理装置，包括用于在农田中移动的移动底盘和安装于移动底盘上的：切割机构，用于将玉米秸秆切割成秸秆段；
筛选机构，设置于所述切割机构之后，用于去除秸秆段中的玉米叶；
粉碎机构，设置于所述筛选机构之后，用于粉碎部分秸秆段成秸秆颗粒后喷洒至耕地；
压块机构，设置于所述筛选机构之后，用于将所述粉碎机构收取后剩余的玉米段进行压块打包；
还田机构，设置于所述粉碎机构之后，用于将喷洒到地表的秸秆颗粒掩埋至地表以下。
进一步地，所述切割机构包括设置于所述移动底盘上的切割输送带和设置于该切割输送带尾端的切割工作台，所述切割工作台上设置有伸缩式切割刀。
进一步地，所述筛选机构包括振动筛和安装于该振动筛上的振动电机，所述振动筛中部设置有筛网，所述振动筛设置于所述切割工作台的出料端的下方；所述振动筛倾斜设置。
进一步地，还包括用于将所述伸缩式切割刀切割后的秸秆段向上提升至所述振动筛的进料口上方的第一提升输送带。
进一步地，所述振动筛的出料口下方设有第二提升输送带和第三输送带；所述第二提升输送带用于将部分秸秆段输送至所述粉碎机构的进料口；所述第三输送带的进料端设置于所述第二提升输送带的下方，所述第三输送带用于将所述第二提升输送带剩余的秸秆段输送至压块机构。
进一步地，所述粉碎机构为双齿辊破碎机，该粉碎机构的进料口设置于所述第二提升输送带的出料端下方，所述粉碎机构的出料口朝向地面。
进一步地，还包括设置于所述移动底盘下方的布料筛；所述布料筛的进料口设置于所述粉碎机构的出料口下方，所述布料筛的出料口朝向地面。
进一步地，所述第二提升输送带包括间隔架在所述移动底盘上的第二提升主动辊、第二提升从动辊和套接在所述第二提升主动辊与所述第二提升从动辊外的第二输送皮带，所述第二输送皮带上间隔设有多个第二挡料棱筋；所述第二提升主动辊与第二提升电机的输出轴连接。
进一步地，所述还田机构包括设置于所述粉碎机的出料口后方的开沟犁和设置于该开口犁后方的沟形整平器。
一种应用如上所述玉米秸秆处理装置实现玉米秸秆处理的方法，用移动底盘带动以下各结构在农田中移动，并进行以下步骤：
用切割机构将玉米秸秆切割成秸秆段；
用筛选机构去除秸秆段中的玉米叶；
用粉碎机构粉碎部分秸秆段成秸秆颗粒后喷洒至耕地；
用压块机构将所述粉碎机构收取后剩余的玉米段进行压块打包；
用还田机构将喷洒到地表的秸秆颗粒掩埋至地表以下。
本发明与现有技术相比具有以下的优点：
本发明提供的玉米秸秆处理装置采用包括用于在农田中移动的所述移动底盘和安装于所述移动底盘上的：所述切割机构，所述筛选机构，所述粉碎机构，所述还田机构和所述压块机构的设计；所述移动底盘带动各机构在农田中移动，将秸秆切割后除去秸秆上的玉米皮和玉米叶，再取一部分秸秆段粉碎后散入农田中掩埋还田，再将多余的秸秆段打包；本发明在农田中对秸秆进行粉碎、还田和压块处理，一次完成，节省时间且在农田中行驶一次即可完成上述操作减少了对农田的碾压次数。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明具体实施方式或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对具体实施方式或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图是本发明的一些实施方式，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本发明中所述玉米秸秆处理装置的结构示意图(主视图)；
图2为本发明中所述玉米秸秆处理装置的结构示意图(俯视图)；
图3为本发明中所述振动筛的结构示意图(剖视图)；
图4为图1中A的局部放大图；
图5为图1中B的局部放大图；
图6为本发明中所述玉米秸秆处理装置的电器连接框图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合附图对本发明的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
在本发明的描述中，需要说明的是，术语“中心”、“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。此外，术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。
在本发明的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相 连”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。
参见图1、图2所示，本实施例提供的一种玉米秸秆处理装置，括用于在农田中移动的移动底盘1和安装于移动底盘上的：
切割机构2，用于将玉米秸秆切割成秸秆段；
筛选机构3，设置于所述切割机构之后，用于去除秸秆段中的玉米叶；
粉碎机构4，设置于所述筛选机构之后，用于粉碎部分秸秆段成秸秆颗粒后喷洒至耕地；
压块机构6，设置于所述筛选机构之后，用于将所述粉碎机构收取后剩余的玉米段进行压块打包；
还田机构5，设置于所述粉碎机构之后，用于将喷洒到地表的秸秆颗粒掩埋至地表以下。
本发明提供的玉米秸秆处理装置采用包括用于在农田中移动的所述移动底盘和安装于所述移动底盘上的：所述切割机构，所述筛选机构，所述粉碎机构，所述还田机构和所述压块机构的设计；所述移动底盘带动各机构在农田中移动，将秸秆切割后除去秸秆上的玉米皮和玉米叶，再取一部分秸秆段粉碎后散入农田中掩埋还田，再将多余的秸秆段打包；本发明在农田中对秸秆进行粉碎、还田和压块处理，一次完成，节省时间且在农田中行驶一次即可完成上述操作减少了对农田的碾压次数。
参见图1、图2所示，本实施例中所述切割机构包括设置于所述移动底盘上的切割输送带21和设置于该切割输送带尾端的切割工作台22，所述切割工作台上设置有伸缩式切割刀221。本实施例中所述切割工作台和其上设置的伸缩式切割刀均为现有技术，其结构和功能均为公知的，此处不再过多赘述。
参见图1、图2、图3所示，本实施例中所述筛选机构3包括振动筛31和安装于该振动筛上的振动电机32，所述振动筛中部设置有筛网311，该筛网将所述振动筛内腔分为上部的皮叶腔312和下部的玉米段腔313，所述振动筛设置于所述切割工作台的出料端的下方；所述振动筛倾斜设置，即所述振动筛的左端高于右端，所述振动筛的出料口314设置于其右侧侧壁上。
参见图1、图2、图4所示，本实施例还包括用于将所述伸缩式切割刀切割后的秸秆段向上提升至所述振动筛的进料口上方的第一提升输送带7。所述第一提升输送带的起始端置于所述切割输送带的尾端，所述第一提升输送带的末端置于所述振动筛的接料口的上方； 所述第一提升输送带包括间隔架设于所述移动底盘上的两个皮带辊711和套接于两所述皮带辊外侧的运输皮带712，位于左侧的所述皮带辊高于位于右侧的所述皮带辊，其中一所述皮带辊与皮带电机721的输出轴连接；所述运输皮带外表面并排间隔设有多个第一挡料棱筋701；所述皮带电机通过支架安装于所述移动底盘上。
参见图1、图2所示，本实施例中所述振动筛的出料口下方设有第二提升输送带8和第三输送带9；所述第二提升输送带用于将部分秸秆段输送至所述粉碎机构的进料口401；所述第三输送带的进料端(即，图中所述第三输送带的左端)设置于所述第二提升输送带的下方，所述第二提升输送带的输送通道宽度与所述振动筛的出料口宽度相同且小于所述第三输送带的输送通道宽度，所述第三输送带用于将所述第二提升输送带剩余的秸秆段输送至压块机构。
参见图1、图2所示，本实施例中所述粉碎机构为双齿辊破碎机，该粉碎机构的进料口401设置于所述第二提升输送带的出料端下方，所述粉碎机构的出料口朝向地面。
参见图1、图2所示，本实施例提供的玉米秸秆处理装置还包括设置于所述移动底盘下方的布料筛41；所述布料筛的进料口设置于所述粉碎机构的出料口下方，所述布料筛的出料口朝向地面。
参见图1、图2、图5、图6所示，本实施例中所述第二提升输送带8包括间隔架在所述移动底盘上的第二提升主动辊81、第二提升从动辊82和套接在所述第二提升主动辊与所述第二提升从动辊外的第二输送皮带83，所述第二输送皮带的外表面上间隔设有多个第二挡料棱筋831；所述第二提升主动辊与第二提升电机811的输出轴连接；所述第二提升电机通过支架安装于所述移动底盘上。本实施例还包括控制器，所述布料筛上设有质量传感器(此为现有技术，图中未标识)，该质量传感器和所述第二提升电机分别与所述控制器电连接，所述控制器内设输入模块；针对不同地块计算出进行还田的玉米秸秆的质量，并在所述控制器中输入预设质量值；所述质量传感器实时感应进入所述布料筛上的玉米秸秆颗粒的量并产生质量值发送至所述控制器，所述控制器将接收到的质量值与预设质量值进行对比，当接收到的质量值大于预设质量值时，所述控制器向所述第二提升电机发送减慢信号，以减少所述第二提升主动辊运至所述粉碎机构的玉米段的量，进而减少还田的秸秆的量；当接收到的质量信号小于预设质量值时，所述控制器向所述第二提升电机发送加快信号，以增加所述第二提升主动辊运至所述粉碎机构的玉米段的量，进而增加还田的秸秆的量。实现了对还田秸秆的均匀播撒，和还田秸秆量的自动精确控制。
参见图1、图2所示，本实施例中所述还田机构包括设置于所述粉碎机的出料口后方 的开沟犁51和设置于该开口犁后方的沟形整平器。所述沟形整平器包括架设于所述移动底盘下方的安装轴521和套设于该安装轴上的两个滚动轴承522，两所述滚动轴承上均套设有喇叭滚筒523，两所述喇叭滚筒的开口相对设置。
本发明提供的一种应用如上所述玉米秸秆处理装置玉米秸秆处理的方法，用移动底盘带动以下各结构在农田中移动，并进行以下步骤：
用切割机构将玉米秸秆切割成秸秆段；
用筛选机构去除秸秆段中的玉米叶；
用粉碎机构粉碎部分秸秆段成秸秆颗粒后喷洒至耕地；
用压块机构将所述粉碎机构收取后剩余的玉米段进行压块打包；
用还田机构将喷洒到地表的秸秆颗粒掩埋至地表以下。
下面对本实施例提供的玉米秸秆处理装置的工作过程进行简单描述：
参见图1、图2所示，本实施例中所述移动底盘的前端与动力牵引装置连接，所述切割结构设置于所述移动底盘的前端，玉米秸秆放到所述切割输送带上，经过所述切割输送到运输至所述切割输送带尾端的切割工作台上，所述伸缩式切割刀将玉米秸秆切割成秸秆段，秸秆段掉落到所述第一提升输送带上，所述第一提升输送带运输秸秆段至所述筛选机构，所述筛选机构对秸秆段进行筛选去除秸秆段上的玉米皮和玉米叶后，秸秆段自所述振动筛的出料口掉落，秸秆段首先掉落到所述第二提升输送带上，所述第二提升输送带输送部分秸秆段至所述粉碎机构；由于所述第二提升输送带的输送通道宽度与所述振动筛的出料口宽度相同，所述第二提升输送带只能承接部分秸秆段，多余的秸秆段掉落到所述第三输送带上，经过所述第三输送带运输至所述压块机构，由所述压块机构进行打包。进入到所述粉碎机构的秸秆段被粉碎后掉落到所述布料筛，经所述布料筛均匀分散到农田地表，所述粉碎机构后方的所述还田机构对散落到农田的地表的秸秆颗粒掩埋至地表以下，并对农田进行垄型整理。
最后应说明的是：以上各实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述各实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分或者全部技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种玉米秸秆处理装置，其特征在于，包括用于在农田中移动的移动底盘和安装于移动底盘上的：
    切割机构，用于将玉米秸秆切割成秸秆段；
    筛选机构，设置于所述切割机构之后，用于去除秸秆段中的玉米叶；
    粉碎机构，设置于所述筛选机构之后，用于粉碎部分秸秆段成秸秆颗粒后喷洒至耕地；
    压块机构，设置于所述筛选机构之后，用于将所述粉碎机构收取后剩余的玉米段进行压块打包；
    还田机构，设置于所述粉碎机构之后，用于将喷洒到地表的秸秆颗粒掩埋至地表以下。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述玉米秸秆处理装置，其特征在于，所述切割机构包括设置于所述移动底盘上的切割输送带和设置于该切割输送带尾端的切割工作台，所述切割工作台上设置有伸缩式切割刀。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述玉米秸秆处理装置，其特征在于，所述筛选机构包括振动筛和安装于该振动筛上的振动电机，所述振动筛中部设置有筛网，所述振动筛设置于所述切割工作台的出料端的下方；所述振动筛倾斜设置。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述玉米秸秆处理装置，其特征在于，还包括用于将所述伸缩式切割刀切割后的秸秆段向上提升至所述振动筛的进料口上方的第一提升输送带。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述玉米秸秆处理装置，其特征在于，所述振动筛的出料口下方设有第二提升输送带和第三输送带；所述第二提升输送带用于将部分秸秆段输送至所述粉碎机构的进料口；所述第三输送带的进料端设置于所述第二提升输送带的下方，所述第三输送带用于将所述第二提升输送带剩余的秸秆段输送至压块机构。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述玉米秸秆处理装置，其特征在于，所述粉碎机构为双齿辊破碎机，该粉碎机构的进料口设置于所述第二提升输送带的出料端下方，所述粉碎机构的出料口朝向地面。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述玉米秸秆处理装置，其特征在于，还包括设置于所述移动底盘下方的布料筛；所述布料筛的进料口设置于所述粉碎机构的出料口下方，所述布料筛的出料口朝向地面。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述玉米秸秆处理装置，其特征在于，所述第二提升输送带包括间隔架在所述移动底盘上的第二提升主动辊、第二提升从动辊和套接在所述第二提升主动辊与所述第二提升从动辊外的第二输送皮带，所述第二输送皮带上间隔设有多个第二挡料棱筋；所述第 二提升主动辊与第二提升电机的输出轴连接。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述玉米秸秆处理装置，其特征在于，所述还田机构包括设置于所述粉碎机的出料口后方的开沟犁和设置于该开口犁后方的沟形整平器。
  10. 一种应用权利要求1所述玉米秸秆处理装置实现玉米秸秆处理的方法，其特征在于，用移动底盘带动以下各结构在农田中移动，并进行以下步骤：
    用切割机构将玉米秸秆切割成秸秆段；
    用筛选机构去除秸秆段中的玉米叶；
    用粉碎机构粉碎部分秸秆段成秸秆颗粒后喷洒至耕地；
    用压块机构将所述粉碎机构收取后剩余的玉米段进行压块打包；
    用还田机构将喷洒到地表的秸秆颗粒掩埋至地表以下。
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