WO2019187661A1 - Construction machinery - Google Patents

Construction machinery Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019187661A1
WO2019187661A1 PCT/JP2019/004153 JP2019004153W WO2019187661A1 WO 2019187661 A1 WO2019187661 A1 WO 2019187661A1 JP 2019004153 W JP2019004153 W JP 2019004153W WO 2019187661 A1 WO2019187661 A1 WO 2019187661A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
lower traveling
traveling body
entry prohibition
command
distance
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP2019/004153
Other languages
French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
佑介 上村
Original Assignee
コベルコ建機株式会社
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by コベルコ建機株式会社 filed Critical コベルコ建機株式会社
Priority to EP19775928.5A priority Critical patent/EP3757298B1/en
Priority to US17/041,777 priority patent/US20210047798A1/en
Priority to CN201980022463.9A priority patent/CN111919002B/en
Publication of WO2019187661A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019187661A1/en

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Classifications

    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02FDREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F3/00Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines
    • E02F3/04Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven
    • E02F3/28Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with digging tools mounted on a dipper- or bucket-arm, i.e. there is either one arm or a pair of arms, e.g. dippers, buckets
    • E02F3/36Component parts
    • E02F3/42Drives for dippers, buckets, dipper-arms or bucket-arms
    • E02F3/43Control of dipper or bucket position; Control of sequence of drive operations
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02FDREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F9/00Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
    • E02F9/26Indicating devices
    • E02F9/261Surveying the work-site to be treated
    • E02F9/262Surveying the work-site to be treated with follow-up actions to control the work tool, e.g. controller
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02FDREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F9/00Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
    • E02F9/20Drives; Control devices
    • E02F9/2025Particular purposes of control systems not otherwise provided for
    • E02F9/2033Limiting the movement of frames or implements, e.g. to avoid collision between implements and the cabin
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02FDREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F9/00Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
    • E02F9/24Safety devices, e.g. for preventing overload
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02FDREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F9/00Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
    • E02F9/26Indicating devices
    • E02F9/261Surveying the work-site to be treated
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02FDREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F9/00Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
    • E02F9/26Indicating devices
    • E02F9/264Sensors and their calibration for indicating the position of the work tool
    • E02F9/265Sensors and their calibration for indicating the position of the work tool with follow-up actions (e.g. control signals sent to actuate the work tool)
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02FDREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F3/00Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines
    • E02F3/04Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven
    • E02F3/28Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with digging tools mounted on a dipper- or bucket-arm, i.e. there is either one arm or a pair of arms, e.g. dippers, buckets
    • E02F3/36Component parts
    • E02F3/42Drives for dippers, buckets, dipper-arms or bucket-arms
    • E02F3/43Control of dipper or bucket position; Control of sequence of drive operations
    • E02F3/435Control of dipper or bucket position; Control of sequence of drive operations for dipper-arms, backhoes or the like
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02FDREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F9/00Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
    • E02F9/08Superstructures; Supports for superstructures
    • E02F9/10Supports for movable superstructures mounted on travelling or walking gears or on other superstructures
    • E02F9/12Slewing or traversing gears
    • E02F9/121Turntables, i.e. structure rotatable about 360°
    • E02F9/123Drives or control devices specially adapted therefor

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a construction machine capable of detecting an entry prohibition area in the traveling direction.
  • Patent Document 1 a loading work machine described in Patent Document 1 is known as the construction machine.
  • the loading work machine includes a loading work machine main body, a traveling unit for running the loading work machine main body, and a loader bucket provided in the loading work machine main body.
  • the loading work machine is equipped with a multi-lens camera mounted at a position where the traveling direction of the loading work machine body can be seen.
  • the multi-lens camera has a plurality of cameras arranged at predetermined intervals, and can simultaneously image the same subject.
  • the loading work machine includes a distance image generation unit that generates a distance image including distance information from the multi-view camera to the subject based on an image captured by the multi-view camera and parallax between the cameras, and based on the distance image.
  • a shore recognition unit for recognizing the shore, and a control unit for stopping the loading work machine when the distance from the multi-lens camera to the shore approaches a predetermined value or more.
  • the traveling direction of the traveling unit coincides with the direction detected by the multi-lens camera.
  • the lower traveling body is likely to be covered with water and earth and sand, and when a multi-view camera is arranged on the lower traveling body, the multi-view camera deteriorates quickly.
  • the lower traveling body is pivotably attached to the upper revolving structure, when a multi-view camera is arranged on the lower traveling structure, from the multi-view camera to the control unit provided on the upper revolving structure. It becomes necessary to provide an electrical connection means (for example, a slip ring) between them, and the construction of the construction machine becomes complicated.
  • an electrical connection means for example, a slip ring
  • control unit cannot accurately specify the entry prohibition region (the cliff in Patent Document 1) in the traveling direction of the lower traveling body, and accurately outputs a command for stopping the traveling of the loading work machine. I can't.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a construction machine having a controller capable of outputting information on safety based on the traveling direction of the lower traveling body regardless of the turning angle of the upper rotating body.
  • the present invention is a construction machine, comprising a lower traveling body, an upper revolving body attached to the lower traveling body so as to be pivotable about a swivel axis, and the swivel axis.
  • Distance detecting means attached to the upper swing body so as to be able to detect a distance to the object located around the lower travel body as a center, and a swing angle of the upper swing body with respect to the lower travel body
  • a turn angle detector that detects the entry of the lower traveling body to be prohibited based on the distance detected by the distance detection means, and the entry prohibition region and the turn angle detector
  • a controller that generates information related to safety based on the detected traveling angle and based on the traveling direction of the lower traveling body, and that outputs information related to the safety.
  • the present invention it is possible to provide a construction machine having a controller capable of outputting information on safety based on the traveling direction of the lower traveling body regardless of the turning angle of the upper rotating body.
  • FIG. 1 is a side view showing an overall configuration of a hydraulic excavator according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a plan view schematically showing the hydraulic excavator in FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 2 is a system configuration diagram illustrating a travel control device provided in the hydraulic excavator of FIG. 1 and a controller that controls the travel control device. It is a flowchart which shows the process performed by the controller of FIG.
  • FIG. 2 is a combination of a plan view and a side view showing a state in which the excavator in FIG. 1 is moving away from an entry prohibition region.
  • FIG. 2 is a combination of a plan view and a side view showing a state where the excavator of FIG. 1 is approaching an entry prohibition region. It is the schematic which shows the image displayed on the display part of FIG.
  • FIG. 1 is a side view showing an overall configuration of a hydraulic excavator 1 as an example of a construction machine according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a plan view schematically showing the excavator 1 of FIG.
  • a hydraulic excavator 1 includes a lower traveling body 2 having a crawler 2a, an upper revolving body 3 attached to the lower traveling body 2 so as to be pivotable about a swivel axis C, And an attachment 4 attached to the upper swing body 3.
  • the attachment 4 has a boom 5 having a base end portion rotatably attached to the upper swing body 3, and an arm 6 having a base end portion rotatably attached to the distal end portion of the boom 5. , And a bucket 7 that is rotatably attached to the tip of the arm 6.
  • the attachment 4 also has a boom cylinder 8 that rotates the boom 5 relative to the upper swing body 3, an arm cylinder 9 that rotates the arm 6 relative to the boom 5, and a bucket 7 that rotates relative to the arm 6.
  • the upper swing body 3 includes an upper frame 11 that is pivotably attached to the lower traveling body 2, and a cab 12 provided on the upper frame 11.
  • the upper swing body 3 includes a travel control device 13 that controls the travel of the lower travel body 2 and the stop of the travel.
  • the traveling control device 13 controls driving of a traveling motor 2b provided on the crawler 2a of the lower traveling body 2.
  • the traveling control device 13 includes a hydraulic pump 19 that supplies hydraulic oil to the traveling motor 2b, a control valve 20 that controls supply and discharge of hydraulic oil to and from the traveling motor 2b, and an operation for operating the control valve 20.
  • the device 21 includes a forward side sensor 22F and a reverse side sensor 22R that detect the presence or absence of an operation of the controller device 21.
  • the control valve 20 includes a neutral position (a central position in FIG. 3) for stopping the supply and discharge of hydraulic oil to and from the travel motor 2b, a forward position for operating the travel motor 2b in the forward direction (a right position in FIG. 3), and a travel motor.
  • This is a pilot-type switching valve that can be switched between a reverse position (left side position in FIG. 3) that operates 2b in the reverse direction.
  • the control valve 20 has two pilot ports on the forward side and the reverse side, and is biased to the neutral position in a state where pilot pressure is not supplied to both pilot ports.
  • the operating device 21 is configured by combining an operating lever, a remote control valve, and a pilot pump (respectively omitted).
  • the remote control valve opens at an opening degree corresponding to the operation amount, and hydraulic oil from the pilot pump is supplied to the pilot port on the forward or reverse side of the control valve 20.
  • the forward side sensor 22F can detect the pilot pressure applied from the operating device 21 to the forward pilot port of the control valve 20, that is, the operation amount of the operating lever.
  • the reverse sensor 22R can detect the pilot pressure applied from the operation device 21 to the reverse pilot port of the control valve 20, that is, the operation amount of the operation lever.
  • the travel control device 13 is provided between the forward side proportional valve (forward limit device) 23F provided between the forward side sensor 22F and the operating device 21, and between the reverse side sensor 22R and the operating device 21. And a reverse-side proportional valve (reverse-side limiting device) 23R.
  • the forward side proportional valve 23F limits the traveling of the lower traveling body 2 to the forward side in accordance with a command from the controller 16 described later. Specifically, the forward-side proportional valve 23F is biased to a normal position in which the pilot pressure from the operating device 21 is supplied to the forward-side pilot port of the control valve 20 without receiving a command from the controller 16. . In a state where the forward side proportional valve 23F is biased to the normal position, a pilot pressure corresponding to the operation amount of the operating lever to the forward side is applied to the pilot port on the forward side of the control valve 20. On the other hand, the forward proportional valve 23 ⁇ / b> F is switched to a pressure reducing position for reducing the pilot pressure from the operating device 21 according to a command from the controller 16.
  • the forward-side proportional valve 23F is configured to be adjustable in accordance with a command value (current value) from the controller 16 so as to reduce the pressure (amount of hydraulic oil guided to the tank).
  • a command value current value
  • the pilot pressure applied from the operating device 21 to the pilot port on the forward side of the control valve 20 is reduced according to the opening degree of the forward proportional valve 23F.
  • the forward drive of the traveling motor 2b is limited.
  • the reverse side proportional valve 23 ⁇ / b> R restricts the backward travel of the lower traveling body 2 according to a command from the controller 16. Since the configuration of the reverse side proportional valve 23R is the same as that of the forward side proportional valve 23F, description thereof is omitted.
  • a plurality of distance sensors 14A to 14D are attached to the upper swing body 3.
  • the distance sensors 14A to 14D each have a detection unit, and the detection unit emits light. Each of the distance sensors 14A to 14D detects the distance to the detected portion based on the time from when the detecting portion emits light until the detecting portion receives the reflected light from the detected object.
  • the distance sensor 14 ⁇ / b> A is disposed under the base end portion of the boom 5 that is pivotally supported by the upper frame 11 at a substantially central position in the left-right direction of the front edge of the upper frame 11.
  • the direction related to the upper swing body 3 is based on the direction viewed from the operator seated on the driver seat (not shown) provided in the cab 12.
  • the distance sensor 14A has a detection range EA that expands to the right and left as it goes forward from the distance sensor 14A.
  • the detection range EA is set to be inclined downward from the upper frame 11 so that the distance sensor 14A can detect the ground in front of the lower traveling body 2 in the detection range EA.
  • the distance sensor 14 ⁇ / b> B is disposed at a substantially central position in the front-rear direction of the upper frame 11 and behind the cab 12 at the left edge of the upper frame 11. Further, the distance sensor 14B has a detection range EB that spreads forward and backward as it goes to the left from the distance sensor 14B.
  • the detection range EB is set to be inclined downward from the upper frame 11 so that the distance sensor 14B can detect the left ground of the lower traveling body 2 in the detection range EB. Further, the front part of the detection range EB and the left part of the detection range EA overlap each other in plan view.
  • the distance sensor 14 ⁇ / b> C is disposed at a substantially central position in the left-right direction of the rear edge portion of the upper frame 11.
  • the distance sensor 14C has a detection range EC that extends to the right and left as it goes rearward from the distance sensor 14C.
  • the detection range EC is set to be inclined downward from the upper frame 11 so that the distance sensor 14C can detect the ground behind the lower traveling body 2 in the detection range EC. Further, the left part of the detection range EC and the rear part of the detection range EB overlap each other in plan view.
  • the distance sensor 14 ⁇ / b> D is arranged at a substantially central position in the front-rear direction of the upper frame 11 and at the right edge of the upper frame 11. Further, the distance sensor 14D has a detection range ED that spreads forward and backward as it goes to the right from the distance sensor 14D.
  • the detection range ED is set to be inclined downward from the upper frame 11 so that the distance sensor 14D can detect the right ground of the lower traveling body 2 in the detection range ED.
  • the rear part of the detection range ED and the right part of the detection range EC, and the front part of the detection range ED and the right part of the detection range EA overlap each other in plan view.
  • the distance sensors 14A to 14D include distance detection means attached to the upper swing body 3 so as to be able to detect the distance to the detection object located around the lower traveling body 2 with the swing axis C as the center.
  • the detected objects include the ground and an object placed on the ground.
  • the upper turning body 3 includes a turning angle sensor (turning angle detector) 15 for detecting the turning angle of the upper turning body 3 with respect to the lower traveling body 2.
  • a turning angle sensor turning angle detector
  • the turning angle sensor 15 is a turning body front direction D1 (inside the cab 12) of the upper turning body 3 with respect to a reference angle in the running direction of the lower running body 2 (in this embodiment, indicated as a forward direction: 0 deg).
  • the angle of the forward direction of the operator seated in the driver's seat can be detected.
  • the turning angle sensor 15 can employ, for example, a rotary encoder that detects a rotation angle of a turning shaft (not shown) for connecting the lower traveling body 2 and the upper turning body 3.
  • the upper-part turning body 3 includes an entry prohibition area EH (see FIG. 5) where entry of the lower traveling body 2 should be prohibited based on the distances detected by the distance sensors 14A to 14D.
  • the controller 16 that generates the information related to the safety based on the traveling direction of the lower traveling body 2 based on the entry prohibition area EH and the turning angle detected by the turning angle sensor 15 and outputs the information is specified.
  • the entry prohibition area EH means an area where there is a level difference (height of unevenness on the ground and the height of an object placed on the ground) that is equal to or higher than a preset height.
  • the controller 16 gives a predetermined command (safety) to the above-described travel control device 13 and the display unit 17 and the speaker 18 (an example of a notification unit) provided in the upper swing body 3 (in the cab 12). Information).
  • controller 16 will be described with reference to FIGS. 2, 3 and 5.
  • the controller 16 is configured by combining a CPU, a ROM, and a RAM, and realizes the following functions by these configurations.
  • the controller 16 includes a surrounding information creation unit 16a that creates surrounding information of the lower traveling body 2, a surrounding information correction unit 16b that corrects the surrounding information to information based on the traveling direction of the lower traveling body 2, and a traveling control device. 13, a restriction command unit 16 c that outputs a command to 13, and a notification command unit 16 d that outputs a command to the display unit 17 and the speaker 18.
  • the surrounding information creation unit 16a Based on the detection results of the distance sensors 14A to 14D, the surrounding information creation unit 16a has an area where there is a step higher than a preset height around the turning axis C, that is, an entry prohibition area EH. If it exists, the distance to the entry prohibition area EH is specified, and surrounding information in which the distance information is collected is created.
  • the surrounding information created by the surrounding information creating unit 16a is based on the forward direction D1 of the upper swing body 3 (see FIG. 5). Therefore, the surrounding information correction unit 16b corrects the surrounding information to information based on the reference angle (0 deg) of the traveling direction of the lower traveling body 2.
  • the turning body front direction D1 of the upper turning body 3 is turned by an angle ⁇ with respect to the reference angle (0 deg) of the lower traveling body 2.
  • the surrounding information correction unit 16b rotates the reference coordinates of the surrounding information by the angle ⁇ about the turning axis C. Thereby, surrounding information and the traveling direction of the lower traveling body 2 coincide.
  • the surrounding information correction unit 16b is predetermined on the front side detection range EF from the front of the lower traveling body 2 to a position away from the front side in the traveling direction by a predetermined distance and on the rear side in the traveling direction from the rear part of the lower traveling body 2.
  • the rear detection range ER up to a position separated by a distance is stored.
  • the detection ranges EF and ER set to the same width as the width direction of the lower traveling body 2 are illustrated, but the widths of the detection ranges EF and ER are more surely lower traveling body. 2 may be set wider than the width dimension of the lower traveling body 2 in order to prevent entry into the entry prohibition area EH.
  • the range in the width direction of the detection ranges EF and ER may not be set. Further, the boundary line between the detection ranges EF and ER is not necessarily set to a straight line. Further, the distance from the front side detection range EF to the front portion of the lower traveling body 2 is determined when a travel restriction process of the lower traveling body 2 described later is executed in a state where the lower traveling body 2 is traveling at the highest speed. The distance is set such that the lower traveling body 2 can surely stop on the front side of the entry prohibition area EH. The distance from the rear detection range ER to the rear part of the lower traveling body 2 is set in the same manner.
  • amendment part 16b determines whether the approach prohibition area
  • the entry prohibition area EH is located in front (outside) of the front detection range EF, and the entry prohibition area EH does not exist in the rear detection range ER.
  • the surrounding information correction unit 16b determines that the entry prohibition area EH does not exist within the detection ranges EF and ER.
  • the surrounding information correction unit 16b prohibits entry into at least one of the detection ranges EF and ER. It is determined that the area EH exists.
  • the surrounding information correction unit 16b determines whether the entry prohibition area EH exists in the front detection range EF or It is determined whether it exists in the side detection range ER or in both detection ranges EF and ER.
  • the restriction command unit 16 c applies to at least one of the proportional valves 23 ⁇ / b> F and 23 ⁇ / b> R based on the detection ranges EF and ER in which the entry prohibition region EH specified by the surrounding information correction unit 16 b exists.
  • Command information on safety
  • the restriction command unit 16c outputs a command to the forward proportional valve 23F.
  • the restriction command unit 16c gradually moves the lower traveling body 2 so that the lower traveling body 2 stops before the lower traveling body 2 approaches a preset distance (hereinafter referred to as a stop distance) with respect to the entry prohibition area EH.
  • the proportional valves 23F and 23R are output as commands for decelerating the speed.
  • the restriction command unit 16c is a table set so that command values (current values) for the proportional valves 23F and 23R gradually increase as the distance from the lower traveling body 2 to the entry prohibition area EH decreases. Pre-stored.
  • the stop distance always stops the lower traveling body 2 before reaching the position that is separated by the stop distance to the entry prohibition area EH when the output of the command is started in a state where the operation lever of the operation device 21 is fully operated. The distance that can be made is set.
  • a command for gradually decelerating the lower traveling body 2 based on the pilot pressure detected by the sensors 22F and 22R and stopping the vehicle at the stop distance to the entry prohibition area EH is calculated. May be specified.
  • the pilot pressure detected by both the sensors 22F and 22R needs to be input to the restriction command unit 16c as shown in FIG.
  • the two sensors 22F and 22R may not be connected to the restriction command unit 16c.
  • the notification command unit 16d outputs a command (information on safety) to the display unit 17 and the speaker 18 based on the detection ranges RF and ER in which the entry prohibition area EH specified by the surrounding information correction unit 16b exists.
  • the display unit 17 has an entry prohibition region EH on at least one of the forward side and the reverse side in the traveling direction of the lower traveling body 2 based on a command from the surrounding information correction unit 16 b.
  • An image indicating that the image is displayed is displayed.
  • the speaker 18 notifies the operator by voice that the entry prohibition area EH exists on at least one of the forward side and the reverse side in the traveling direction of the lower traveling body 2.
  • step S1 the detection values of the distance sensors 14A to 14D are acquired (step S1), and the surroundings of the lower traveling body 2 around the turning axis C are based on the detection values of the distance sensors 14A to 14D.
  • the surrounding information related to the entry prohibition area EH is created (step S2).
  • the detection value of the turning angle sensor 15 is acquired to identify the turning body front direction D1 (see FIG. 5) of the upper turning body 3 (step S3), and the surrounding information is traveled downward using the turning body front direction D1.
  • the travel direction of the body 2 is corrected as a reference (step S4).
  • the turning body front direction D1 is turned by an angle ⁇ with respect to the reference angle (0 deg) of the traveling direction of the lower traveling body 2, and therefore the reference coordinates of the surrounding information are set to the turning axis C. Is rotated by an angle ⁇ around the center. Thereby, the reference coordinates of the surrounding information and the traveling direction of the lower traveling body 2 coincide.
  • step S5 it is determined whether or not the entry prohibition area EH exists within at least one of the two detection ranges EF and ER (step S5). Here, as shown in FIG. If it is determined that the entry prohibition area EH does not exist, the process returns to step S1.
  • step S5 if it is determined in step S5 that the entry prohibition area EH exists in at least one of the two detection ranges EF and ER, both detection ranges EF and ER are determined in next steps S6 and S7.
  • the range in which the entry prohibition area EH exists is specified.
  • step S6 it is determined whether or not the entry prohibition area EH exists in the front detection range EF. If it is determined YES in step S6, the entry prohibition area in the rear detection range ER is determined in step S7. It is determined whether or not EH exists.
  • step S7 When it is determined NO in step S7, that is, when the entry prohibition region EH exists only within the front detection range EF as shown in FIG. 6, the controller 16 (restriction command unit 16c) performs only the forward proportional valve 23F. (Step S8) and prohibits the output of the command to the reverse proportional valve 23R.
  • the controller 16 performs only the forward proportional valve 23F. (Step S8) and prohibits the output of the command to the reverse proportional valve 23R.
  • step S7 if YES is determined in step S7, that is, if entry prohibition region EH exists in both detection ranges EF and ER, controller 16 (restriction command unit 16c) uses both proportional valves 23F. , 23R (step S9). Thereby, traveling to the front side and the rear side where the entry prohibition area EH exists is restricted. In this case, the hydraulic excavator 1 travels after taking measures such as mitigating the level difference in at least one of the entry prohibition areas EH on the front side and the rear side (measures such as depositing earth and sand to fill the level difference). Can be made.
  • step S6 if it is determined in step S6 that the entry prohibition area EH does not exist in the front detection range EF, that is, if the entry prohibition area EH exists only in the rear detection range ER, the controller 16 (restriction command unit 16c ) Outputs a command only to the reverse side proportional valve 23R (step S10), and prohibits the output of the command to the forward side proportional valve 23F.
  • the controller 16 (restriction command unit 16c ) Outputs a command only to the reverse side proportional valve 23R (step S10), and prohibits the output of the command to the forward side proportional valve 23F.
  • the controller 16 executes notification processing for outputting commands to the display unit 17 and the speaker 18 (step S11).
  • the controller 16 executes notification processing for outputting commands to the display unit 17 and the speaker 18 (step S11).
  • the distance information 14A to 14D and the controller 16 can acquire the position information of the entry prohibition area EH around the lower traveling body 2 around the turning axis C.
  • the controller 16 further utilizes the turning angle detected by the turning angle sensor 15 to provide information on safety based on the traveling direction of the lower traveling body 2 (commands for the proportional valves 23F and 23R, and the display unit). 17 and a command to the speaker 18) can be generated and output.
  • the information output from the controller 16 can be used to notify the operator to prevent the entry of the entry prohibited area EH, or the traveling of the lower traveling body 2 can be stopped.
  • a command can be output to the proportional valves 23F, 23R, the display unit 17, and the speaker 18 when the lower traveling body 2 approaches the entry prohibition area EH to some extent. Therefore, it is possible to urge the operator to suppress the entry of the lower traveling body 2 into the entry prohibition area EH and to suppress the entry using this command.
  • the traveling of the lower traveling body 2 toward the entry prohibition area EH can be restricted.
  • the entry prohibition area EH enters the detection ranges EF and ER, the lower traveling body 2 is gradually decelerated and the lower traveling body 2 is stopped, so that the impact during braking can be reduced.
  • the operator can be prompted to move away from the entry prohibition area EH.
  • the distance detection unit configured by the plurality of distance sensors 14A to 14D arranged so that the adjacent detection ranges EA to ED overlap each other is illustrated, the configuration of the distance detection unit is not limited to this.
  • the distance detecting means can be configured by a single distance sensor having a detection range that can rotate around the turning axis C.
  • the above embodiment has exemplified stopping the lower traveling body 2 as the content of restriction of traveling of the lower traveling body 2, it is not limited to stopping.
  • the traveling speed of the lower traveling body 2 may be limited to a very low speed.
  • the traveling of the lower traveling body 2 can also be restricted by restricting the output of the engine (not shown).
  • the controller 16 may output a command for reducing the output to the ECU that controls the driving of the engine.
  • the lower traveling body 2 is stopped after being decelerated. However, when it is determined that the entry prohibition area EH exists within at least one of the detection ranges EF and ER, the lower traveling body 2 is immediately It may be stopped.
  • the notification unit is not limited to these.
  • a buzzer or a lamp can be used as the notification means.
  • Construction machines are not limited to hydraulic excavators, and may be cranes and dismantling machines or hybrid construction machines.
  • the present invention is a construction machine, which is a lower traveling body, an upper revolving body attached to the lower traveling body so as to be able to swivel about a swivel axis, and the revolving center about the swivel axis.
  • a construction machine comprising: a controller that generates information on safety based on a traveling direction of the lower traveling body based on an angle, and outputs information on the safety .
  • the position information of the entry prohibition area can be acquired around the lower traveling body around the turning axis by the distance detecting means and the controller.
  • the controller can generate
  • the “detected object” includes the ground and an object placed on it.
  • the “entry prohibited area” means an area where there are steps (height of unevenness on the ground and the height of an object placed on the ground) that are higher than a preset height.
  • the controller includes a front detection range from a front portion of the lower traveling body to a position separated by a predetermined distance from a front side in a traveling direction and a predetermined distance from a rear portion of the lower traveling body to a backward direction in the traveling direction.
  • the construction machine includes a forward side limiting device that restricts the traveling of the lower traveling body to the forward side by a command from the controller, and a traveling to the reverse side of the lower traveling body by a command from the controller.
  • a reverse side restricting device for restricting the vehicle, and the controller outputs a command to the forward side restricting device when it is determined that the entry prohibition region exists within the front detection range, and the rear side When it is determined that the entry prohibition region exists within the detection range, it is preferable that a command is output to the reverse side restricting device.
  • the traveling of the lower traveling body toward the entry prohibited area can be restricted.
  • the “restriction” in the above aspect includes not only stopping the lower traveling body but also decelerating the lower traveling body.
  • both forward and reverse travel may be restricted, but in this case, avoid the entry prohibition area. Since traveling in the direction is also restricted, it cannot be avoided quickly.
  • the controller prohibits the output of a command to the reverse limit device when it is determined that the entry prohibition region exists only in the front detection range, and the controller It is preferable to prohibit the output of a command to the forward limit device when it is determined that the entry prohibition region exists only in
  • the controller may output a command for immediately stopping the lower traveling body to the forward limit device and the reverse limit device, but in this case, the entry prohibition area has entered the detection range. Sudden braking occurs at each stage, and the impact when stopping is large.
  • the controller can output a command for gradually decelerating and stopping the lower traveling body to the forward limit device and the reverse limit device.
  • the construction machine further includes notification means for notifying an operator of predetermined information, and when the controller determines that the entry prohibition area exists within the at least one range, the operator notifies that fact.
  • a command for informing the user may be output to the informing means.
  • the operator can be prompted to move away from the entry prohibited area.

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Abstract

A hydraulic shovel (1) comprises: a lower traveling body (2); an upper turning body (3) that is mounted to the lower traveling body (2) so as to be able to turn around a turning axis (C); distance sensors (14A–14D) that are mounted on the upper turning body (3) to be able to detect the distance from the turning axis (C) to an detected object located in the periphery of the lower traveling body (2); a turning angle sensor (15) that detects the turning angle of the upper turning body (3) with respect to the lower traveling body (2); and a controller (16) that specifies, on the basis of the distance detected by the distance sensor (14A–14D), an entry prohibited area (EH) into which the lower traveling body (2) should be prohibited from entering, and that generates safety-related information based on the travel direction of the lower traveling body (2) on the basis of the entry prohibited area (EH) and the turning angle detected by the turning angle sensor (15) and outputs same.

Description

建設機械Construction machinery
 本発明は、走行方向における進入禁止領域を検出可能な建設機械に関するものである。 The present invention relates to a construction machine capable of detecting an entry prohibition area in the traveling direction.
 従来から上記建設機械として、例えば特許文献1に記載のローディング作業機が知られている。 Conventionally, for example, a loading work machine described in Patent Document 1 is known as the construction machine.
 このローディング作業機は、ローディング作業機本体と、ローディング作業器本体を走行させる走行部と、ローディング作業機本体に設けられたローダバケットと、を備えている。 The loading work machine includes a loading work machine main body, a traveling unit for running the loading work machine main body, and a loader bucket provided in the loading work machine main body.
 また、ローディング作業機は、ローディング作業機本体の進行方向を見渡せる位置に取り付けられた多眼カメラを備えている。多眼カメラは、所定間隔で配置された複数のカメラを有し、同一被写体を同時に撮像可能である。 Also, the loading work machine is equipped with a multi-lens camera mounted at a position where the traveling direction of the loading work machine body can be seen. The multi-lens camera has a plurality of cameras arranged at predetermined intervals, and can simultaneously image the same subject.
 さらに、ローディング作業機は、多眼カメラにより撮像された画像及びカメラ間の視差に基づいて多眼カメラから被写体までの距離情報を含む距離画像を生成する距離画像生成部と、距離画像に基づいて崖際の認識を行う崖際認識部と、多眼カメラから崖際までの距離が所定値以上近接したときにローディング作業機の走行を停止させる制御部と、を備えている。 Furthermore, the loading work machine includes a distance image generation unit that generates a distance image including distance information from the multi-view camera to the subject based on an image captured by the multi-view camera and parallax between the cameras, and based on the distance image. A shore recognition unit for recognizing the shore, and a control unit for stopping the loading work machine when the distance from the multi-lens camera to the shore approaches a predetermined value or more.
 特許文献1に記載のローディング作業機では、走行部の走行方向と多眼カメラによる検出方向とが一致している。 In the loading work machine described in Patent Document 1, the traveling direction of the traveling unit coincides with the direction detected by the multi-lens camera.
 しかしながら、下部走行体と、下部走行体上に旋回可能に設けられた上部旋回体とを備えた他の建設機械に多眼カメラを採用する場合、下部走行体に多眼カメラを取り付けることは以下の理由により困難である。 However, when a multi-view camera is employed in another construction machine including a lower traveling body and an upper swing body provided on the lower traveling body so as to be able to swivel, attaching the multi-view camera to the lower traveling body is as follows. It is difficult for the reason.
 第1に、下部走行体は水や土砂を被る可能性が高く、下部走行体に多眼カメラを配置すると多眼カメラの劣化が早い。 Firstly, the lower traveling body is likely to be covered with water and earth and sand, and when a multi-view camera is arranged on the lower traveling body, the multi-view camera deteriorates quickly.
 第2に、下部走行体は上部旋回体に対して旋回可能に取り付けられているため、下部走行体に多眼カメラを配置すると、当該多眼カメラから上部旋回体に設けられた制御部までの間に電気的な接続手段(例えば、スリップリング)を設ける必要が生じ、建設機械の構成が複雑化する。 Secondly, since the lower traveling body is pivotably attached to the upper revolving structure, when a multi-view camera is arranged on the lower traveling structure, from the multi-view camera to the control unit provided on the upper revolving structure. It becomes necessary to provide an electrical connection means (for example, a slip ring) between them, and the construction of the construction machine becomes complicated.
 そこで、多眼カメラを上部旋回体に設けることが考えられるが、この場合には、上部旋回体の旋回角度によって多眼カメラの検出方向と下部走行体の走行方向とが不一致となる。 Therefore, it is conceivable to provide a multi-view camera on the upper swing body. In this case, however, the detection direction of the multi-view camera and the travel direction of the lower travel body are inconsistent depending on the swing angle of the upper swing body.
 そのため、制御部は、下部走行体の走行方向における進入禁止領域(特許文献1における崖際)を正確に特定することができず、ローディング作業機の走行を停止させるための指令を正確に出力することができない。 Therefore, the control unit cannot accurately specify the entry prohibition region (the cliff in Patent Document 1) in the traveling direction of the lower traveling body, and accurately outputs a command for stopping the traveling of the loading work machine. I can't.
特開平11-222882号公報JP-A-11-222882
 本発明の目的は、上部旋回体の旋回角度にかかわらず下部走行体の走行方向を基準とした安全性に関する情報を出力可能なコントローラを有する建設機械を提供することにある。 An object of the present invention is to provide a construction machine having a controller capable of outputting information on safety based on the traveling direction of the lower traveling body regardless of the turning angle of the upper rotating body.
 上記課題を解決するために、本発明は、建設機械であって、下部走行体と、前記下部走行体に対して旋回軸を中心として旋回可能に取り付けられた上部旋回体と、前記旋回軸を中心とする前記下部走行体の周囲に位置する被検出物までの距離を検出可能となるように前記上部旋回体に取り付けられた距離検出手段と、前記下部走行体に対する前記上部旋回体の旋回角度を検出する旋回角度検出器と、前記距離検出手段により検出された距離に基づいて前記下部走行体の進入を禁止すべき進入禁止領域を特定するとともに、前記進入禁止領域と前記旋回角度検出器により検出された旋回角度とに基づいて前記下部走行体の走行方向を基準とする安全性に関する情報を生成し、前記安全性に関する情報を出力するコントローラと、を備えている建設機械を提供する。 In order to solve the above problems, the present invention is a construction machine, comprising a lower traveling body, an upper revolving body attached to the lower traveling body so as to be pivotable about a swivel axis, and the swivel axis. Distance detecting means attached to the upper swing body so as to be able to detect a distance to the object located around the lower travel body as a center, and a swing angle of the upper swing body with respect to the lower travel body A turn angle detector that detects the entry of the lower traveling body to be prohibited based on the distance detected by the distance detection means, and the entry prohibition region and the turn angle detector A controller that generates information related to safety based on the detected traveling angle and based on the traveling direction of the lower traveling body, and that outputs information related to the safety. To provide a set machine.
 本発明によれば、上部旋回体の旋回角度にかかわらず下部走行体の走行方向を基準とした安全性に関する情報を出力可能なコントローラを有する建設機械を提供することができる。 According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a construction machine having a controller capable of outputting information on safety based on the traveling direction of the lower traveling body regardless of the turning angle of the upper rotating body.
本発明の実施形態に係る油圧ショベルの全体構成を示す側面図である。1 is a side view showing an overall configuration of a hydraulic excavator according to an embodiment of the present invention. 図1の油圧ショベルを概略的に示す平面図である。FIG. 2 is a plan view schematically showing the hydraulic excavator in FIG. 1. 図1の油圧ショベルに設けられた走行制御装置及びこれを制御するコントローラを示すシステム構成図である。FIG. 2 is a system configuration diagram illustrating a travel control device provided in the hydraulic excavator of FIG. 1 and a controller that controls the travel control device. 図3のコントローラにより実行される処理を示すフローチャートである。It is a flowchart which shows the process performed by the controller of FIG. 図1の油圧ショベルが進入禁止領域から遠ざかっている状態を示す平面図と側面図とを組み合わせて示すものである。FIG. 2 is a combination of a plan view and a side view showing a state in which the excavator in FIG. 1 is moving away from an entry prohibition region. 図1の油圧ショベルが進入禁止領域に近づいている状態を示す平面図と側面図とを組み合わせて示すものである。FIG. 2 is a combination of a plan view and a side view showing a state where the excavator of FIG. 1 is approaching an entry prohibition region. 図3の表示部に表示される画像を示す概略図である。It is the schematic which shows the image displayed on the display part of FIG.
 以下添付図面を参照しながら、本発明の実施の形態について説明する。なお、以下の実施の形態は、本発明を具体化した例であって、本発明の技術的範囲を限定する性格のものではない。 Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following embodiments are examples embodying the present invention, and are not of a nature that limits the technical scope of the present invention.
 図1は、本発明の実施形態に係る建設機械の一例としての油圧ショベル1の全体構成を示す側面図である。図2は、図1の油圧ショベル1を概略的に示す平面図である。 FIG. 1 is a side view showing an overall configuration of a hydraulic excavator 1 as an example of a construction machine according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a plan view schematically showing the excavator 1 of FIG.
 図1及び図2を参照して、油圧ショベル1は、クローラ2aを有する下部走行体2と、下部走行体2に対して旋回軸Cを中心として旋回可能に取り付けられた上部旋回体3と、上部旋回体3に取り付けられたアタッチメント4と、を備えている。 1 and 2, a hydraulic excavator 1 includes a lower traveling body 2 having a crawler 2a, an upper revolving body 3 attached to the lower traveling body 2 so as to be pivotable about a swivel axis C, And an attachment 4 attached to the upper swing body 3.
 アタッチメント4は、上部旋回体3に対して回動可能に取り付けられた基端部を有するブーム5と、ブーム5の先端部に対して回動可能に取り付けられた基端部を有するアーム6と、アーム6の先端部に対して回動可能に取り付けられたバケット7と、を有する。 The attachment 4 has a boom 5 having a base end portion rotatably attached to the upper swing body 3, and an arm 6 having a base end portion rotatably attached to the distal end portion of the boom 5. , And a bucket 7 that is rotatably attached to the tip of the arm 6.
 また、アタッチメント4は、上部旋回体3に対してブーム5を回動させるブームシリンダ8と、ブーム5に対してアーム6を回動させるアームシリンダ9と、アーム6に対してバケット7を回動させるバケットシリンダ10と、を有する。 The attachment 4 also has a boom cylinder 8 that rotates the boom 5 relative to the upper swing body 3, an arm cylinder 9 that rotates the arm 6 relative to the boom 5, and a bucket 7 that rotates relative to the arm 6. A bucket cylinder 10 to be operated.
 上部旋回体3は、下部走行体2に対して旋回可能に取り付けられたアッパーフレーム11と、アッパーフレーム11上に設けられたキャブ12と、を有する。 The upper swing body 3 includes an upper frame 11 that is pivotably attached to the lower traveling body 2, and a cab 12 provided on the upper frame 11.
 また、上部旋回体3は、図3に示すように、下部走行体2の走行及び走行の停止を制御する走行制御装置13を備えている。 Further, as shown in FIG. 3, the upper swing body 3 includes a travel control device 13 that controls the travel of the lower travel body 2 and the stop of the travel.
 走行制御装置13は、下部走行体2のクローラ2aに設けられた走行モータ2bの駆動を制御する。具体的に、走行制御装置13は、走行モータ2bに作動油を供給する油圧ポンプ19と、走行モータ2bに対する作動油の給排を制御するコントロールバルブ20と、コントロールバルブ20を操作するための操作装置21と、操作装置21の操作の有無を検出する前進側センサ22F及び後進側センサ22Rと、を備えている。 The traveling control device 13 controls driving of a traveling motor 2b provided on the crawler 2a of the lower traveling body 2. Specifically, the traveling control device 13 includes a hydraulic pump 19 that supplies hydraulic oil to the traveling motor 2b, a control valve 20 that controls supply and discharge of hydraulic oil to and from the traveling motor 2b, and an operation for operating the control valve 20. The device 21 includes a forward side sensor 22F and a reverse side sensor 22R that detect the presence or absence of an operation of the controller device 21.
 コントロールバルブ20は、走行モータ2bに対する作動油の給排を停止する中立位置(図3における中央位置)と、走行モータ2bを前進方向に作動させる前進位置(図3における右側位置)と、走行モータ2bを後進方向に作動させる後進位置(図3における左側位置)と、の間で切換可能なパイロット式の切換弁である。また、コントロールバルブ20は、前進側及び後進側の2つのパイロットポートを有し、両パイロットポートに対してパイロット圧が供給されていない状態で中立位置に付勢されている。 The control valve 20 includes a neutral position (a central position in FIG. 3) for stopping the supply and discharge of hydraulic oil to and from the travel motor 2b, a forward position for operating the travel motor 2b in the forward direction (a right position in FIG. 3), and a travel motor. This is a pilot-type switching valve that can be switched between a reverse position (left side position in FIG. 3) that operates 2b in the reverse direction. The control valve 20 has two pilot ports on the forward side and the reverse side, and is biased to the neutral position in a state where pilot pressure is not supplied to both pilot ports.
 操作装置21は、操作レバーとリモコン弁とパイロットポンプ(それぞれ符号省略)とを組み合わせて構成されたものである。操作レバーが操作されると、その操作量に応じた開度でリモコン弁が開口し、パイロットポンプからの作動油がコントロールバルブ20の前進側又は後進側のパイロットポートに供給される。 The operating device 21 is configured by combining an operating lever, a remote control valve, and a pilot pump (respectively omitted). When the operation lever is operated, the remote control valve opens at an opening degree corresponding to the operation amount, and hydraulic oil from the pilot pump is supplied to the pilot port on the forward or reverse side of the control valve 20.
 前進側センサ22Fは、操作装置21からコントロールバルブ20の前進側のパイロットポートに与えられるパイロット圧、つまり、操作レバーの操作量を検出可能である。 The forward side sensor 22F can detect the pilot pressure applied from the operating device 21 to the forward pilot port of the control valve 20, that is, the operation amount of the operating lever.
 後進側センサ22Rは、操作装置21からコントロールバルブ20の後進側のパイロットポートに与えられるパイロット圧、つまり、操作レバーの操作量を検出可能である。 The reverse sensor 22R can detect the pilot pressure applied from the operation device 21 to the reverse pilot port of the control valve 20, that is, the operation amount of the operation lever.
 また、走行制御装置13は、前進側センサ22Fと操作装置21との間に設けられた前進側比例弁(前進側制限装置)23Fと、後進側センサ22Rと操作装置21との間に設けられた後進側比例弁(後進側制限装置)23Rと、を有する。 The travel control device 13 is provided between the forward side proportional valve (forward limit device) 23F provided between the forward side sensor 22F and the operating device 21, and between the reverse side sensor 22R and the operating device 21. And a reverse-side proportional valve (reverse-side limiting device) 23R.
 前進側比例弁23Fは、後述するコントローラ16からの指令により下部走行体2の前進側への走行を制限する。具体的に、前進側比例弁23Fは、コントローラ16からの指令を受けていない状態で操作装置21からのパイロット圧をコントロールバルブ20の前進側のパイロットポートへ供給する通常位置に付勢されている。前進側比例弁23Fが通常位置に付勢された状態においては操作レバーの前進側への操作量に応じたパイロット圧がコントロールバルブ20の前進側のパイロットポートに与えられる。一方、前進側比例弁23Fは、コントローラ16からの指令により操作装置21からのパイロット圧を減圧する減圧位置に切り換えられる。なお、前進側比例弁23Fは、コントローラ16からの指令値(電流値)に応じて減圧する程度(タンクに導かれる作動油の量)を調整可能に構成されている。このように前進側比例弁23Fが減圧位置に切り換えられると当該前進側比例弁23Fの開度に応じて操作装置21からコントロールバルブ20の前進側のパイロットポートに与えられるパイロット圧が減圧され、これにより走行モータ2bの前進側の駆動が制限される。 The forward side proportional valve 23F limits the traveling of the lower traveling body 2 to the forward side in accordance with a command from the controller 16 described later. Specifically, the forward-side proportional valve 23F is biased to a normal position in which the pilot pressure from the operating device 21 is supplied to the forward-side pilot port of the control valve 20 without receiving a command from the controller 16. . In a state where the forward side proportional valve 23F is biased to the normal position, a pilot pressure corresponding to the operation amount of the operating lever to the forward side is applied to the pilot port on the forward side of the control valve 20. On the other hand, the forward proportional valve 23 </ b> F is switched to a pressure reducing position for reducing the pilot pressure from the operating device 21 according to a command from the controller 16. Note that the forward-side proportional valve 23F is configured to be adjustable in accordance with a command value (current value) from the controller 16 so as to reduce the pressure (amount of hydraulic oil guided to the tank). Thus, when the forward proportional valve 23F is switched to the pressure reducing position, the pilot pressure applied from the operating device 21 to the pilot port on the forward side of the control valve 20 is reduced according to the opening degree of the forward proportional valve 23F. Thus, the forward drive of the traveling motor 2b is limited.
 後進側比例弁23Rは、コントローラ16からの指令により下部走行体2の後進側への走行を制限する。後進側比例弁23Rの構成は、前進側比例弁23Fと同様であるため、その説明を省略する。 The reverse side proportional valve 23 </ b> R restricts the backward travel of the lower traveling body 2 according to a command from the controller 16. Since the configuration of the reverse side proportional valve 23R is the same as that of the forward side proportional valve 23F, description thereof is omitted.
 また、上部旋回体3には、複数の距離センサ14A~14Dが取り付けられている。 Further, a plurality of distance sensors 14A to 14D are attached to the upper swing body 3.
 以下、図2を参照して、距離センサ14A~14Dについて説明する。 Hereinafter, the distance sensors 14A to 14D will be described with reference to FIG.
 各距離センサ14A~14Dは、検出部を有し、検出部は、光を出射する。各距離センサ14A~14Dは、検出部が光を出射してから当該検出部が被検出物における反射光を受光するまでの時間に基づいて被検出部までの距離を検出する。 The distance sensors 14A to 14D each have a detection unit, and the detection unit emits light. Each of the distance sensors 14A to 14D detects the distance to the detected portion based on the time from when the detecting portion emits light until the detecting portion receives the reflected light from the detected object.
 距離センサ14Aは、アッパーフレーム11の前縁部の左右方向の略中央位置で当該アッパーフレーム11に軸支されるブーム5の基端部の下に配置されている。なお、上部旋回体3に関する方向は、キャブ12に設けられた図外の運転席に着座したオペレータから見た方向を基準とする。 The distance sensor 14 </ b> A is disposed under the base end portion of the boom 5 that is pivotally supported by the upper frame 11 at a substantially central position in the left-right direction of the front edge of the upper frame 11. The direction related to the upper swing body 3 is based on the direction viewed from the operator seated on the driver seat (not shown) provided in the cab 12.
 また、距離センサ14Aは、当該距離センサ14Aから前に向かうに従い右及び左に広がる検出範囲EAを有する。距離センサ14Aが検出範囲EA内における下部走行体2の前方の地面を検出可能となるように、検出範囲EAは、アッパーフレーム11から下に傾斜して設定されている。 The distance sensor 14A has a detection range EA that expands to the right and left as it goes forward from the distance sensor 14A. The detection range EA is set to be inclined downward from the upper frame 11 so that the distance sensor 14A can detect the ground in front of the lower traveling body 2 in the detection range EA.
 距離センサ14Bは、アッパーフレーム11の前後方向の略中央位置でかつアッパーフレーム11の左縁部のキャブ12の後ろに配置されている。また、距離センサ14Bは、当該距離センサ14Bから左に向かうに従い前及び後ろに広がる検出範囲EBを有する。距離センサ14Bが検出範囲EB内における下部走行体2の左方の地面を検出可能となるように、検出範囲EBは、アッパーフレーム11から下に傾斜して設定されている。また、検出範囲EBの前部と検出範囲EAの左部とは平面視において互いに重なっている。 The distance sensor 14 </ b> B is disposed at a substantially central position in the front-rear direction of the upper frame 11 and behind the cab 12 at the left edge of the upper frame 11. Further, the distance sensor 14B has a detection range EB that spreads forward and backward as it goes to the left from the distance sensor 14B. The detection range EB is set to be inclined downward from the upper frame 11 so that the distance sensor 14B can detect the left ground of the lower traveling body 2 in the detection range EB. Further, the front part of the detection range EB and the left part of the detection range EA overlap each other in plan view.
 距離センサ14Cは、アッパーフレーム11の後縁部の左右方向の略中央位置に配置されている。また、距離センサ14Cは、当該距離センサ14Cから後ろに向かうに従い右及び左に広がる検出範囲ECを有する。距離センサ14Cが検出範囲ECにおける下部走行体2の後方の地面を検出可能となるように、検出範囲ECは、アッパーフレーム11から下に傾斜して設定されている。また、検出範囲ECの左部と検出範囲EBの後部とは平面視において互いに重なっている。 The distance sensor 14 </ b> C is disposed at a substantially central position in the left-right direction of the rear edge portion of the upper frame 11. The distance sensor 14C has a detection range EC that extends to the right and left as it goes rearward from the distance sensor 14C. The detection range EC is set to be inclined downward from the upper frame 11 so that the distance sensor 14C can detect the ground behind the lower traveling body 2 in the detection range EC. Further, the left part of the detection range EC and the rear part of the detection range EB overlap each other in plan view.
 距離センサ14Dは、アッパーフレーム11の前後方向の略中央位置でかつアッパーフレーム11の右縁部に配置されている。また、距離センサ14Dは、当該距離センサ14Dから右に向かうに従い前及び後ろに広がる検出範囲EDを有する。距離センサ14Dが検出範囲EDにおける下部走行体2の右方の地面を検出可能となるように、検出範囲EDは、アッパーフレーム11から下に傾斜して設定されている。また、検出範囲EDの後部と検出範囲ECの右部、及び、検出範囲EDの前部と検出範囲EAの右部は、平面視において互いに重なっている。 The distance sensor 14 </ b> D is arranged at a substantially central position in the front-rear direction of the upper frame 11 and at the right edge of the upper frame 11. Further, the distance sensor 14D has a detection range ED that spreads forward and backward as it goes to the right from the distance sensor 14D. The detection range ED is set to be inclined downward from the upper frame 11 so that the distance sensor 14D can detect the right ground of the lower traveling body 2 in the detection range ED. The rear part of the detection range ED and the right part of the detection range EC, and the front part of the detection range ED and the right part of the detection range EA overlap each other in plan view.
 このように、距離センサ14A~14Dの互いに隣接する検出範囲EA~ED同士が平面視で互いに重なっているため、旋回軸Cを中心とする下部走行体2の周囲に位置する被検出物までの距離が検出可能である。つまり、距離センサ14A~14Dは、旋回軸Cを中心とする下部走行体2の周囲に位置する被検出物までの距離を検出可能となるように上部旋回体3に取り付けられた距離検出手段を構成する。ここで、被検出物は、地面及びその上に載置された物を含む。 As described above, since the detection ranges EA to ED adjacent to each other of the distance sensors 14A to 14D overlap with each other in plan view, the distance from the object to be detected located around the lower traveling body 2 with the turning axis C as the center. The distance can be detected. That is, the distance sensors 14A to 14D include distance detection means attached to the upper swing body 3 so as to be able to detect the distance to the detection object located around the lower traveling body 2 with the swing axis C as the center. Constitute. Here, the detected objects include the ground and an object placed on the ground.
 また、上部旋回体3は、図3に示すように、下部走行体2に対する上部旋回体3の旋回角度を検出する旋回角度センサ(旋回角度検出器)15を備えている。 Further, as shown in FIG. 3, the upper turning body 3 includes a turning angle sensor (turning angle detector) 15 for detecting the turning angle of the upper turning body 3 with respect to the lower traveling body 2.
 図5に示すように、旋回角度センサ15は、下部走行体2の走行方向の基準角度(本実施形態では前進方向:0degと示す)に対する上部旋回体3の旋回体前方向D1(キャブ12内の運転席に着座したオペレータの前方向)の角度を検出可能である。旋回角度センサ15は、例えば、下部走行体2と上部旋回体3とを接続する旋回用の回転軸(図示せず)の回転角を検出するロータリーエンコーダを採用することができる。 As shown in FIG. 5, the turning angle sensor 15 is a turning body front direction D1 (inside the cab 12) of the upper turning body 3 with respect to a reference angle in the running direction of the lower running body 2 (in this embodiment, indicated as a forward direction: 0 deg). The angle of the forward direction of the operator seated in the driver's seat can be detected. The turning angle sensor 15 can employ, for example, a rotary encoder that detects a rotation angle of a turning shaft (not shown) for connecting the lower traveling body 2 and the upper turning body 3.
 さらに、上部旋回体3は、図3に示すように、上述した距離センサ14A~14Dにより検出された距離に基づいて下部走行体2の進入を禁止すべき進入禁止領域EH(図5参照)を特定するとともに、進入禁止領域EHと旋回角度センサ15により検出された旋回角度とに基づいて下部走行体2の走行方向を基準とする安全性に関する情報を生成し、この情報を出力するコントローラ16を備えている。ここで、進入禁止領域EHは、予め設定された高さ以上の段差(地面における凹凸の高さ及び地面上に載置された物の高さ)が存在する領域を意味する。 Further, as shown in FIG. 3, the upper-part turning body 3 includes an entry prohibition area EH (see FIG. 5) where entry of the lower traveling body 2 should be prohibited based on the distances detected by the distance sensors 14A to 14D. The controller 16 that generates the information related to the safety based on the traveling direction of the lower traveling body 2 based on the entry prohibition area EH and the turning angle detected by the turning angle sensor 15 and outputs the information is specified. I have. Here, the entry prohibition area EH means an area where there is a level difference (height of unevenness on the ground and the height of an object placed on the ground) that is equal to or higher than a preset height.
 具体的に、コントローラ16は、上述した走行制御装置13、及び上部旋回体3(キャブ12内)に設けられた表示部17及びスピーカ18(報知手段の一例)に対して所定の指令(安全性に関する情報)を出力する。 Specifically, the controller 16 gives a predetermined command (safety) to the above-described travel control device 13 and the display unit 17 and the speaker 18 (an example of a notification unit) provided in the upper swing body 3 (in the cab 12). Information).
 以下、図2、図3及び図5を参照してコントローラ16について説明する。 Hereinafter, the controller 16 will be described with reference to FIGS. 2, 3 and 5.
 コントローラ16は、CPU、ROM及びRAMを組み合わせて構成されたものであり、これらの構成によって以下のような機能を実現するものである。 The controller 16 is configured by combining a CPU, a ROM, and a RAM, and realizes the following functions by these configurations.
 コントローラ16は、下部走行体2の周囲の情報を作成する周囲情報作成部16aと、周囲情報を下部走行体2の走行方向を基準とする情報に補正する周囲情報補正部16bと、走行制御装置13に指令を出力する制限指令部16cと、表示部17及びスピーカ18に指令を出力する報知指令部16dと、を有する。 The controller 16 includes a surrounding information creation unit 16a that creates surrounding information of the lower traveling body 2, a surrounding information correction unit 16b that corrects the surrounding information to information based on the traveling direction of the lower traveling body 2, and a traveling control device. 13, a restriction command unit 16 c that outputs a command to 13, and a notification command unit 16 d that outputs a command to the display unit 17 and the speaker 18.
 周囲情報作成部16aは、距離センサ14A~14Dの検出結果に基づいて旋回軸Cを中心とする全周に亘り予め設定された高さ以上の段差の存在する領域、つまり、進入禁止領域EHが存在する場合に当該進入禁止領域EHまでの距離を特定して、その距離の情報をまとめた周囲情報を作成する。 Based on the detection results of the distance sensors 14A to 14D, the surrounding information creation unit 16a has an area where there is a step higher than a preset height around the turning axis C, that is, an entry prohibition area EH. If it exists, the distance to the entry prohibition area EH is specified, and surrounding information in which the distance information is collected is created.
 周囲情報作成部16aにより作成される周囲情報は、上部旋回体3の旋回体前方向D1(図5参照)を基準とするものである。そこで、周囲情報補正部16bは、周囲情報を下部走行体2の走行方向の基準角度(0deg)を基準とする情報に補正する。 The surrounding information created by the surrounding information creating unit 16a is based on the forward direction D1 of the upper swing body 3 (see FIG. 5). Therefore, the surrounding information correction unit 16b corrects the surrounding information to information based on the reference angle (0 deg) of the traveling direction of the lower traveling body 2.
 具体的に、図5に示す例では、上部旋回体3の旋回体前方向D1が下部走行体2の基準角度(0deg)に対して角度θだけ旋回した状態である。この場合、周囲情報補正部16bは、周囲情報の基準座標を旋回軸Cを中心として角度θだけ回転させる。これにより、周囲情報と下部走行体2の走行方向とが一致する。 Specifically, in the example shown in FIG. 5, the turning body front direction D1 of the upper turning body 3 is turned by an angle θ with respect to the reference angle (0 deg) of the lower traveling body 2. In this case, the surrounding information correction unit 16b rotates the reference coordinates of the surrounding information by the angle θ about the turning axis C. Thereby, surrounding information and the traveling direction of the lower traveling body 2 coincide.
 また、周囲情報補正部16bは、下部走行体2の前部から走行方向の前進側に所定距離だけ離れた位置までの前側検出範囲EF及び下部走行体2の後部から走行方向の後進側に所定距離だけ離れた位置までの後側検出範囲ERを記憶している。なお、図5の例では、下部走行体2の幅方向と同等の幅に設定された検出範囲EF、ERが図示されているが、検出範囲EF、ERの幅は、より確実に下部走行体2の進入禁止領域EHへの進入を防止するために下部走行体2の幅寸法よりも広く設定してもよい。また、検出範囲EF、ERの幅方向の範囲を設定しなくてもよい。また、検出範囲EF、ERの境界線は必ずしも直線に設定する必要はない。また、前側検出範囲EFから下部走行体2の前部までの距離は、下部走行体2が最高速で走行している状態で後述する下部走行体2の走行の制限処理が実行されたときに進入禁止領域EHの手前側で確実に下部走行体2が停止することができる距離に設定されている。後側検出範囲ERから下部走行体2の後部までの距離も同様に設定されている。 In addition, the surrounding information correction unit 16b is predetermined on the front side detection range EF from the front of the lower traveling body 2 to a position away from the front side in the traveling direction by a predetermined distance and on the rear side in the traveling direction from the rear part of the lower traveling body 2. The rear detection range ER up to a position separated by a distance is stored. In the example of FIG. 5, the detection ranges EF and ER set to the same width as the width direction of the lower traveling body 2 are illustrated, but the widths of the detection ranges EF and ER are more surely lower traveling body. 2 may be set wider than the width dimension of the lower traveling body 2 in order to prevent entry into the entry prohibition area EH. Further, the range in the width direction of the detection ranges EF and ER may not be set. Further, the boundary line between the detection ranges EF and ER is not necessarily set to a straight line. Further, the distance from the front side detection range EF to the front portion of the lower traveling body 2 is determined when a travel restriction process of the lower traveling body 2 described later is executed in a state where the lower traveling body 2 is traveling at the highest speed. The distance is set such that the lower traveling body 2 can surely stop on the front side of the entry prohibition area EH. The distance from the rear detection range ER to the rear part of the lower traveling body 2 is set in the same manner.
 そして、周囲情報補正部16bは、補正後の周囲情報に基づいて前側検出範囲EF及び後側検出範囲ERの少なくとも一方の範囲内に進入禁止領域EHが存在するか否かを判定する。 And the surrounding information correction | amendment part 16b determines whether the approach prohibition area | region EH exists in at least one range of the front side detection range EF and the rear side detection range ER based on the surrounding information after correction | amendment.
 例えば、図5に示す例では、前側検出範囲EFの前方(外側)に進入禁止領域EHが位置しており、かつ、後側検出範囲ER内にも進入禁止領域EHが存在しない。この状態において、周囲情報補正部16bは、検出範囲EF、ER内に進入禁止領域EHが存在しないと判定する。 For example, in the example shown in FIG. 5, the entry prohibition area EH is located in front (outside) of the front detection range EF, and the entry prohibition area EH does not exist in the rear detection range ER. In this state, the surrounding information correction unit 16b determines that the entry prohibition area EH does not exist within the detection ranges EF and ER.
 一方、図6に示す例では、前側検出範囲EF内に進入禁止領域EHが位置しているため、この状態において、周囲情報補正部16bは、検出範囲EF、ERの少なくとも一方の範囲に進入禁止領域EHが存在すると判定する。 On the other hand, in the example shown in FIG. 6, since the entry prohibition area EH is located in the front detection range EF, in this state, the surrounding information correction unit 16b prohibits entry into at least one of the detection ranges EF and ER. It is determined that the area EH exists.
 このように、検出範囲EF、ERの少なくとも一方の範囲に進入禁止領域EHが存在すると判定されると、周囲情報補正部16bは、進入禁止領域EHが前側検出範囲EF内に存在するか、後側検出範囲ER内に存在するか、両検出範囲EF、ER内に存在するかを判定する。 Thus, if it is determined that the entry prohibition area EH exists in at least one of the detection ranges EF and ER, the surrounding information correction unit 16b determines whether the entry prohibition area EH exists in the front detection range EF or It is determined whether it exists in the side detection range ER or in both detection ranges EF and ER.
 図3を参照して、制限指令部16cは、周囲情報補正部16bにより特定された進入禁止領域EHの存在する検出範囲EF、ERに基づいて両比例弁23F、23Rのうちの少なくとも一方に対して指令(安全性に関する情報)を出力する。 Referring to FIG. 3, the restriction command unit 16 c applies to at least one of the proportional valves 23 </ b> F and 23 </ b> R based on the detection ranges EF and ER in which the entry prohibition region EH specified by the surrounding information correction unit 16 b exists. Command (information on safety).
 図6に示す例では、前側検出範囲EF内に進入禁止領域EHが存在するため、下部走行体2の前進を制限する必要がある。そのため、この場合、制限指令部16cは、前進側比例弁23Fに指令を出力する。 In the example shown in FIG. 6, since the entry prohibition area EH exists in the front detection range EF, it is necessary to limit the forward movement of the lower traveling body 2. Therefore, in this case, the restriction command unit 16c outputs a command to the forward proportional valve 23F.
 制限指令部16cは、下部走行体2が進入禁止領域EHに対して予め設定された距離(以下、停止距離という)に近づくまでに下部走行体2が停止するように当該下部走行体2を徐々に減速させるための指令を比例弁23F、23Rを出力する。具体的に、制限指令部16cは、下部走行体2から進入禁止領域EHまでの距離が短くなるに従い比例弁23F、23Rに対する指令値(電流値)が徐々に大きくなるように設定されたテーブルを予め記憶している。前記停止距離は、操作装置21の操作レバーがフルレバー操作された状態において前記指令の出力を開始したときに進入禁止領域EHまで停止距離だけ離れた位置に到達するまでに必ず下部走行体2を停止させることができる距離に設定されている。 The restriction command unit 16c gradually moves the lower traveling body 2 so that the lower traveling body 2 stops before the lower traveling body 2 approaches a preset distance (hereinafter referred to as a stop distance) with respect to the entry prohibition area EH. The proportional valves 23F and 23R are output as commands for decelerating the speed. Specifically, the restriction command unit 16c is a table set so that command values (current values) for the proportional valves 23F and 23R gradually increase as the distance from the lower traveling body 2 to the entry prohibition area EH decreases. Pre-stored. The stop distance always stops the lower traveling body 2 before reaching the position that is separated by the stop distance to the entry prohibition area EH when the output of the command is started in a state where the operation lever of the operation device 21 is fully operated. The distance that can be made is set.
 なお、上述したテーブルに代えて、両センサ22F、22Rにより検出されたパイロット圧に基づいて下部走行体2を徐々に減速させて進入禁止領域EHまで停止距離の位置で停止させるための指令を演算により特定してもよい。この場合、制限指令部16cには、図3に示すように両センサ22F、22Rにより検出されたパイロット圧が入力されている必要がある。一方、上記のようにテーブルを用いる場合には制限指令部16cに対して両センサ22F、22Rを接続しなくてもよい。 Instead of the above-described table, a command for gradually decelerating the lower traveling body 2 based on the pilot pressure detected by the sensors 22F and 22R and stopping the vehicle at the stop distance to the entry prohibition area EH is calculated. May be specified. In this case, the pilot pressure detected by both the sensors 22F and 22R needs to be input to the restriction command unit 16c as shown in FIG. On the other hand, when the table is used as described above, the two sensors 22F and 22R may not be connected to the restriction command unit 16c.
 報知指令部16dは、周囲情報補正部16bにより特定された進入禁止領域EHの存在する検出範囲RF、ERに基づいて表示部17及びスピーカ18に対して指令(安全性に関する情報)を出力する。 The notification command unit 16d outputs a command (information on safety) to the display unit 17 and the speaker 18 based on the detection ranges RF and ER in which the entry prohibition area EH specified by the surrounding information correction unit 16b exists.
 具体的に、表示部17は、図7に示すように、周囲情報補正部16bからの指令に基づいて下部走行体2の走行方向の前進側及び後進側の少なくとも一方に進入禁止領域EHが存在することを示す画像を表示する。なお、図7には、下部走行体2の前進側の位置に下りの段差(進入禁止領域EH)が存在することが表示されている。 Specifically, as shown in FIG. 7, the display unit 17 has an entry prohibition region EH on at least one of the forward side and the reverse side in the traveling direction of the lower traveling body 2 based on a command from the surrounding information correction unit 16 b. An image indicating that the image is displayed is displayed. In FIG. 7, it is displayed that there is a downward step (entrance prohibited area EH) at a position on the forward side of the lower traveling body 2.
 スピーカ18は、下部走行体2の走行方向の前進側及び後進側の少なくとも一方に進入禁止領域EHが存在する旨をオペレータに対して音声によって通知する。 The speaker 18 notifies the operator by voice that the entry prohibition area EH exists on at least one of the forward side and the reverse side in the traveling direction of the lower traveling body 2.
 以下、図3及び図4を参照して、コントローラ16により実行される処理について説明する。 Hereinafter, processing executed by the controller 16 will be described with reference to FIGS. 3 and 4.
 当該処理が開始されると、距離センサ14A~14Dの検出値を取得し(ステップS1)、当該距離センサ14A~14Dの検出値に基づいて旋回軸Cを中心とする下部走行体2の周囲の進入禁止領域EHに関する周囲情報を作成する(ステップS2)。 When the processing is started, the detection values of the distance sensors 14A to 14D are acquired (step S1), and the surroundings of the lower traveling body 2 around the turning axis C are based on the detection values of the distance sensors 14A to 14D. The surrounding information related to the entry prohibition area EH is created (step S2).
 次いで、旋回角度センサ15の検出値を取得して上部旋回体3の旋回体前方向D1(図5参照)を特定し(ステップS3)、この旋回体前方向D1を用いて周囲情報を下部走行体2の走行方向を基準としたものに補正する(ステップS4)。 Next, the detection value of the turning angle sensor 15 is acquired to identify the turning body front direction D1 (see FIG. 5) of the upper turning body 3 (step S3), and the surrounding information is traveled downward using the turning body front direction D1. The travel direction of the body 2 is corrected as a reference (step S4).
 具体的に、図5の例では、下部走行体2の走行方向の基準角度(0deg)に対して旋回体前方向D1が角度θだけ旋回しているため、周囲情報の基準座標を旋回軸Cを中心として角度θだけ回転させる。これにより、周囲情報の基準座標と下部走行体2の走行方向とが一致する。 Specifically, in the example of FIG. 5, the turning body front direction D1 is turned by an angle θ with respect to the reference angle (0 deg) of the traveling direction of the lower traveling body 2, and therefore the reference coordinates of the surrounding information are set to the turning axis C. Is rotated by an angle θ around the center. Thereby, the reference coordinates of the surrounding information and the traveling direction of the lower traveling body 2 coincide.
 次いで、両検出範囲EF、ERの少なくとも一方の範囲内に進入禁止領域EHが存在するか否かを判定し(ステップS5)、ここで、図5に示すように両検出範囲EF、ER内に進入禁止領域EHが存在しないと判定されるとステップS1にリターンする。 Next, it is determined whether or not the entry prohibition area EH exists within at least one of the two detection ranges EF and ER (step S5). Here, as shown in FIG. If it is determined that the entry prohibition area EH does not exist, the process returns to step S1.
 一方、図4を参照して、ステップS5において両検出範囲EF、ERの少なくとも一方の範囲内に進入禁止領域EHが存在すると判定されると、次のステップS6、S7において両検出範囲EF、ERのうち進入禁止領域EHが存在する範囲を特定する。 On the other hand, referring to FIG. 4, if it is determined in step S5 that the entry prohibition area EH exists in at least one of the two detection ranges EF and ER, both detection ranges EF and ER are determined in next steps S6 and S7. The range in which the entry prohibition area EH exists is specified.
 具体的に、ステップS6において前側検出範囲EF内に進入禁止領域EHが存在するか否かを判定し、ステップS6でYESと判定されると、ステップS7において後側検出範囲ER内に進入禁止領域EHが存在するか否かを判定する。 Specifically, in step S6, it is determined whether or not the entry prohibition area EH exists in the front detection range EF. If it is determined YES in step S6, the entry prohibition area in the rear detection range ER is determined in step S7. It is determined whether or not EH exists.
 ステップS7においてNOと判定された場合、つまり、図6に示すように前側検出範囲EF内にのみ進入禁止領域EHが存在する場合、コントローラ16(制限指令部16c)は、前進側比例弁23Fのみに指令を出力し(ステップS8)、後進側比例弁23Rに対する指令の出力を禁止する。これにより、図6に示すように、前側検出範囲EF内にのみ進入禁止領域EHが存在する場合に、下部走行体2の前進を制限して進入禁止領域EHに近づくのを抑制するとともに下部走行体2の後進を許容して進入禁止領域EHから離れる(回避する)ことができる。 When it is determined NO in step S7, that is, when the entry prohibition region EH exists only within the front detection range EF as shown in FIG. 6, the controller 16 (restriction command unit 16c) performs only the forward proportional valve 23F. (Step S8) and prohibits the output of the command to the reverse proportional valve 23R. As a result, as shown in FIG. 6, when the entry prohibition area EH exists only in the front detection range EF, the forward travel of the lower traveling body 2 is restricted to prevent the approach to the entry prohibition area EH and the lower travel The backward movement of the body 2 can be allowed and the vehicle can leave (avoid) the entry prohibition area EH.
 図4を参照して、ステップS7においてYESと判定された場合、つまり、両検出範囲EF、ER内に進入禁止領域EHが存在する場合、コントローラ16(制限指令部16c)は、両比例弁23F、23Rに指令を出力する(ステップS9)。これにより、進入禁止領域EHが存在する前側及び後側への走行が制限される。なお、この場合には、前側及び後側の少なくとも一方の進入禁止領域EHにおける段差を緩和する等の処置(段差を埋めるように土砂を盛る等の処置)を施した後に、油圧ショベル1を走行させることができる。 Referring to FIG. 4, if YES is determined in step S7, that is, if entry prohibition region EH exists in both detection ranges EF and ER, controller 16 (restriction command unit 16c) uses both proportional valves 23F. , 23R (step S9). Thereby, traveling to the front side and the rear side where the entry prohibition area EH exists is restricted. In this case, the hydraulic excavator 1 travels after taking measures such as mitigating the level difference in at least one of the entry prohibition areas EH on the front side and the rear side (measures such as depositing earth and sand to fill the level difference). Can be made.
 一方、ステップS6において前側検出範囲EF内に進入禁止領域EHが存在しないと判定された場合、つまり、後側検出範囲ER内にのみ進入禁止領域EHが存在する場合、コントローラ16(制限指令部16c)は、後進側比例弁23Rのみに指令を出力し(ステップS10)、前進側比例弁23Fに対する指令の出力を禁止する。これにより、後側検出範囲ER内にのみ進入禁止領域EHが存在する場合に、下部走行体2の後進を制限して進入禁止領域EHに近づくのを抑制するとともに下部走行体2の前進を許容して進入禁止領域EHから離れる(回避する)ことができる。 On the other hand, if it is determined in step S6 that the entry prohibition area EH does not exist in the front detection range EF, that is, if the entry prohibition area EH exists only in the rear detection range ER, the controller 16 (restriction command unit 16c ) Outputs a command only to the reverse side proportional valve 23R (step S10), and prohibits the output of the command to the forward side proportional valve 23F. As a result, when the entry prohibition area EH exists only within the rear detection range ER, the backward traveling of the lower traveling body 2 is limited to prevent the lower traveling body 2 from approaching the entry prohibition area EH and to allow the lower traveling body 2 to advance. Thus, it is possible to leave (avoid) the entry prohibition area EH.
 そして、ステップS8~S10の後、コントローラ16(報知指令部16d)は、表示部17及びスピーカ18に対して指令を出力する報知処理を実行する(ステップS11)。これにより、図7に示すように、表示部17を通じて油圧ショベル1に対する進入禁止領域EHの位置をオペレータに視覚的に伝えるとともに、スピーカ18を通じてオペレータに対して進入禁止領域EHが接近していることを聴覚的に伝えることができる。 Then, after steps S8 to S10, the controller 16 (notification command unit 16d) executes notification processing for outputting commands to the display unit 17 and the speaker 18 (step S11). Thereby, as shown in FIG. 7, the position of the entry prohibition area EH with respect to the excavator 1 is visually transmitted to the operator through the display unit 17, and the entry prohibition area EH is approaching the operator through the speaker 18. Can be heard audibly.
 以上説明したように、距離センサ14A~14D及びコントローラ16により旋回軸Cを中心とする下部走行体2の周囲に亘って進入禁止領域EHの位置情報を取得することができる。これにより、コントローラ16は、旋回角度センサ15により検出された旋回角度をさらに利用して下部走行体2の進行方向を基準とする安全性に関する情報(比例弁23F、23Rに対する指令、及び、表示部17及びスピーカ18に対する指令)を生成することができ、これを出力することができる。 As described above, the distance information 14A to 14D and the controller 16 can acquire the position information of the entry prohibition area EH around the lower traveling body 2 around the turning axis C. As a result, the controller 16 further utilizes the turning angle detected by the turning angle sensor 15 to provide information on safety based on the traveling direction of the lower traveling body 2 (commands for the proportional valves 23F and 23R, and the display unit). 17 and a command to the speaker 18) can be generated and output.
 したがって、例えば、コントローラ16から出力された情報を用いて進入禁止領域EHの進入の防止を促すようにオペレータに報知することや下部走行体2の走行を停止させることができる。 Therefore, for example, the information output from the controller 16 can be used to notify the operator to prevent the entry of the entry prohibited area EH, or the traveling of the lower traveling body 2 can be stopped.
 また、前記実施形態によれば、以下の効果を奏することができる。 Moreover, according to the embodiment, the following effects can be obtained.
 下部走行体2が進入禁止領域EHに対してある程度近付いたときに比例弁23F、23R、表示部17及びスピーカ18に指令を出力することができる。そのため、この指令を用いて進入禁止領域EHへの下部走行体2の進入を抑制すること、及び進入の抑制をオペレータに促すことができる。 A command can be output to the proportional valves 23F, 23R, the display unit 17, and the speaker 18 when the lower traveling body 2 approaches the entry prohibition area EH to some extent. Therefore, it is possible to urge the operator to suppress the entry of the lower traveling body 2 into the entry prohibition area EH and to suppress the entry using this command.
 下部走行体2が進入禁止領域EHにある程度近付いたときに下部走行体2の進入禁止領域EHに向けた走行を制限することができる。 When the lower traveling body 2 approaches the entry prohibition area EH to some extent, the traveling of the lower traveling body 2 toward the entry prohibition area EH can be restricted.
 進入禁止領域EHから遠ざかる方向の走行の制限が許容されるため、当該進入禁止領域EHからの迅速な回避が可能となる。 Since travel restriction in a direction away from the entry prohibition area EH is allowed, it is possible to quickly avoid the entry prohibition area EH.
 進入禁止領域EHが検出範囲EF、ER内に進入した段階から下部走行体2を徐々に減速させて下部走行体2を停止させるため制動時の衝撃を低減することができる。 Since the entry prohibition area EH enters the detection ranges EF and ER, the lower traveling body 2 is gradually decelerated and the lower traveling body 2 is stopped, so that the impact during braking can be reduced.
 油圧ショベル1が進入禁止領域EHに近付いていることをオペレータに知らせることにより、進入禁止領域EHから遠ざかるべきことをオペレータに促すことができる。 By notifying the operator that the excavator 1 is approaching the entry prohibition area EH, the operator can be prompted to move away from the entry prohibition area EH.
 なお、本発明は、前記実施形態に限定されるものではなく、例えば、以下の態様を採用することもできる。 In addition, this invention is not limited to the said embodiment, For example, the following aspects can also be employ | adopted.
 隣り合う検出範囲EA~EDが互いに重なるように配置された複数の距離センサ14A~14Dにより構成された距離検出手段を例示したが、距離検出手段の構成はこれに限定されない。例えば、旋回軸Cを中心として回転可能な検出範囲を有する1個の距離センサにより距離検出手段を構成することもできる。 Although the distance detection unit configured by the plurality of distance sensors 14A to 14D arranged so that the adjacent detection ranges EA to ED overlap each other is illustrated, the configuration of the distance detection unit is not limited to this. For example, the distance detecting means can be configured by a single distance sensor having a detection range that can rotate around the turning axis C.
 検出範囲EF、ERのうちの一方の範囲内に進入禁止領域EHが存在すると判定されたとき、進入禁止領域EHが存在する側の走行(前進又は後進)のみを制限することとしているが、前進及び後進の双方を制限してもよい。 When it is determined that the entry prohibition area EH exists within one of the detection ranges EF and ER, only the traveling (forward or reverse) on the side where the entry prohibition area EH exists is limited. Both backward and reverse may be restricted.
 また、下部走行体2の走行の制限の内容として前記実施形態では下部走行体2を停止させることを例示したが、停止させることに限定されない。下部走行体2の走行速度を極めて低速に制限してもよい。 In addition, although the above embodiment has exemplified stopping the lower traveling body 2 as the content of restriction of traveling of the lower traveling body 2, it is not limited to stopping. The traveling speed of the lower traveling body 2 may be limited to a very low speed.
 下部走行体2の走行の制限の方法として比例弁23F、23Rを用いた方法について説明したが、図外のエンジンの出力を制限することによっても下部走行体2の走行を制限することができる。この場合、コントローラ16は、エンジンの駆動を制御するECUに対して出力を低下させるための指令を出力すればよい。 Although the method using the proportional valves 23F and 23R has been described as the method for restricting the traveling of the lower traveling body 2, the traveling of the lower traveling body 2 can also be restricted by restricting the output of the engine (not shown). In this case, the controller 16 may output a command for reducing the output to the ECU that controls the driving of the engine.
 下部走行体2を減速させた後に停止させる例について説明したが、検出範囲EF、ERのうちの少なくとも一方の範囲内に進入禁止領域EHが存在すると判定されたときに下部走行体2を即時に停止させてもよい。 The example in which the lower traveling body 2 is stopped after being decelerated has been described. However, when it is determined that the entry prohibition area EH exists within at least one of the detection ranges EF and ER, the lower traveling body 2 is immediately It may be stopped.
 報知手段として表示部17及びスピーカ18を例示したが、報知手段はこれらに限定されない。例えば、ブザーやランプを報知手段として採用することもできる。 Although the display unit 17 and the speaker 18 are illustrated as the notification unit, the notification unit is not limited to these. For example, a buzzer or a lamp can be used as the notification means.
 建設機械は、油圧ショベルに限定されず、クレーン及び解体機でもよく、ハイブリッド式の建設機械でもよい。 Construction machines are not limited to hydraulic excavators, and may be cranes and dismantling machines or hybrid construction machines.
 なお、上述した具体的実施形態には以下の構成を有する発明が主に含まれている。 The specific embodiments described above mainly include inventions having the following configurations.
 具体的に、本発明は、建設機械であって、下部走行体と、前記下部走行体に対して旋回軸を中心として旋回可能に取り付けられた上部旋回体と、前記旋回軸を中心とする前記下部走行体の周囲に位置する被検出物までの距離を検出可能となるように前記上部旋回体に取り付けられた距離検出手段と、前記下部走行体に対する前記上部旋回体の旋回角度を検出する旋回角度検出器と、前記距離検出手段により検出された距離に基づいて前記下部走行体の進入を禁止すべき進入禁止領域を特定するとともに、前記進入禁止領域と前記旋回角度検出器により検出された旋回角度とに基づいて前記下部走行体の走行方向を基準とする安全性に関する情報を生成し、前記安全性に関する情報を出力するコントローラと、を備えている建設機械を提供する。 Specifically, the present invention is a construction machine, which is a lower traveling body, an upper revolving body attached to the lower traveling body so as to be able to swivel about a swivel axis, and the revolving center about the swivel axis. Distance detecting means attached to the upper swing body so as to be able to detect the distance to the object located around the lower travel body, and turning for detecting the swing angle of the upper swing body with respect to the lower travel body Based on the angle detector and the distance detected by the distance detection means, an entry prohibition area that should be prohibited from entering the lower traveling body is specified, and the turn detected by the entry prohibition area and the turning angle detector A construction machine comprising: a controller that generates information on safety based on a traveling direction of the lower traveling body based on an angle, and outputs information on the safety .
 本発明によれば、距離検出手段及びコントローラにより旋回軸を中心とする下部走行体の周囲に亘って進入禁止領域の位置情報を取得することができる。これにより、コントローラは、旋回角度検出器により検出された旋回角度をさらに利用して下部走行体の進行方向を基準とする安全性に関する情報を生成することができ、これを出力することができる。 According to the present invention, the position information of the entry prohibition area can be acquired around the lower traveling body around the turning axis by the distance detecting means and the controller. Thereby, the controller can generate | occur | produce the information regarding the safety | security on the basis of the advancing direction of a lower traveling body further using the turning angle detected by the turning angle detector, and can output this.
 したがって、例えば、コントローラから出力された情報を用いて進入禁止領域への進入の防止を促すようにオペレータに報知することや下部走行体の走行を停止させることができる。 Therefore, for example, it is possible to notify the operator to stop the entry to the entry prohibited area using the information output from the controller or to stop the traveling of the lower traveling body.
 なお、本発明において『被検出物』は、地面及びその上に載置された物を含む。また、『進入禁止領域』は、予め設定された高さ以上の段差(地面における凹凸の高さ及び地面上に載置された物の高さ)が存在する領域を意味する。 In the present invention, the “detected object” includes the ground and an object placed on it. Further, the “entry prohibited area” means an area where there are steps (height of unevenness on the ground and the height of an object placed on the ground) that are higher than a preset height.
 前記建設機械において、前記コントローラは、前記下部走行体の前部から走行方向の前進側に所定距離だけ離れた位置までの前側検出範囲及び前記下部走行体の後部から走行方向の後進側に前記所定距離だけ離れた位置までの後側検出範囲の少なくとも一方の範囲内に前記進入禁止領域が存在するか否かを判定し、前記少なくとも一方の範囲内に前記進入禁止領域が存在すると判定された場合に前記安全性に関する情報を出力することが好ましい。 In the construction machine, the controller includes a front detection range from a front portion of the lower traveling body to a position separated by a predetermined distance from a front side in a traveling direction and a predetermined distance from a rear portion of the lower traveling body to a backward direction in the traveling direction. When it is determined whether or not the entry prohibition area exists within at least one of the rear detection ranges up to a position separated by a distance, and it is determined that the entry prohibition area exists within the at least one range It is preferable to output information on the safety.
 この態様によれば、下部走行体が進入禁止領域に対してある程度近付いたときに安全性に関する情報を出力することができる。そのため、例えば、この情報を用いて進入禁止領域への下部走行体の進入を抑制すること、及び進入の抑制をオペレータに促すことができる。 According to this aspect, it is possible to output information on safety when the lower traveling body approaches the entry prohibition area to some extent. Therefore, for example, it is possible to urge the operator to suppress the entry of the lower traveling body into the entry prohibited area and to suppress the entry using this information.
 具体的に、前記建設機械は、前記コントローラからの指令により前記下部走行体の前進側への走行を制限する前進側制限装置と、前記コントローラからの指令により前記下部走行体の後進側への走行を制限する後進側制限装置と、をさらに備え、前記コントローラは、前記前側検出範囲内に前記進入禁止領域が存在すると判定された場合に前記前進側制限装置に指令を出力するとともに、前記後側検出範囲内に前記進入禁止領域が存在すると判定された場合に前記後進側制限装置に指令を出力することが好ましい。 Specifically, the construction machine includes a forward side limiting device that restricts the traveling of the lower traveling body to the forward side by a command from the controller, and a traveling to the reverse side of the lower traveling body by a command from the controller. A reverse side restricting device for restricting the vehicle, and the controller outputs a command to the forward side restricting device when it is determined that the entry prohibition region exists within the front detection range, and the rear side When it is determined that the entry prohibition region exists within the detection range, it is preferable that a command is output to the reverse side restricting device.
 この態様によれば、下部走行体が進入禁止領域にある程度近付いたときに下部走行体の進入禁止領域に向けた走行を制限することができる。 According to this aspect, when the lower traveling body approaches the entry prohibited area to some extent, the traveling of the lower traveling body toward the entry prohibited area can be restricted.
 前記態様における『制限』は、下部走行体を停止させることだけでなく、下部走行体を減速させることも含む。 The “restriction” in the above aspect includes not only stopping the lower traveling body but also decelerating the lower traveling body.
 ここで、前側検出範囲内又は後側検出範囲に進入禁止領域が存在すると判定された場合、前進及び後進の双方の走行を制限してもよいが、この場合には、進入禁止領域から回避する方向に向けた走行も制限されるため迅速な回避ができない。 Here, when it is determined that there is an entry prohibition area within the front detection range or the rear detection range, both forward and reverse travel may be restricted, but in this case, avoid the entry prohibition area. Since traveling in the direction is also restricted, it cannot be avoided quickly.
 そこで、前記建設機械において、前記コントローラは、前記前側検出範囲内にのみ前記進入禁止領域が存在すると判定された場合に前記後進側制限装置に対する指令の出力を禁止するとともに、前記後側検出範囲内にのみ前記進入禁止領域が存在すると判定された場合に前記前進側制限装置に対する指令の出力を禁止することが好ましい。 Therefore, in the construction machine, the controller prohibits the output of a command to the reverse limit device when it is determined that the entry prohibition region exists only in the front detection range, and the controller It is preferable to prohibit the output of a command to the forward limit device when it is determined that the entry prohibition region exists only in
 この態様によれば、進入禁止領域から遠ざかる方向の走行の制限が許容されるため、当該進入禁止領域からの迅速な回避が可能となる。 According to this aspect, since it is permitted to limit the travel in the direction away from the entry prohibition area, it is possible to quickly avoid the entry prohibition area.
 ここで、コントローラは、前進側制限装置及び後進側制限装置に対して下部走行体を即座に停止させるための指令を出力するものでもよいが、この場合、進入禁止領域が検出範囲内に進入した段階で急制動が生じて停止時の衝撃が大きい。 Here, the controller may output a command for immediately stopping the lower traveling body to the forward limit device and the reverse limit device, but in this case, the entry prohibition area has entered the detection range. Sudden braking occurs at each stage, and the impact when stopping is large.
 そこで、前記建設機械において、前記コントローラは、前記前進側制限装置及び前記後進側制限装置に対して前記下部走行体を徐々に減速させて停止させるための指令を出力可能であることが好ましい。 Therefore, in the construction machine, it is preferable that the controller can output a command for gradually decelerating and stopping the lower traveling body to the forward limit device and the reverse limit device.
 この態様によれば、進入禁止領域が検出範囲内に進入した段階から下部走行体を徐々に減速させて制動時の衝撃を低減することができる。 According to this aspect, it is possible to reduce the impact at the time of braking by gradually decelerating the lower traveling body from the stage when the entry prohibition area enters the detection range.
 また、前記建設機械は、所定の情報をオペレータに報知するための報知手段をさらに備え、前記コントローラは、前記少なくとも一方の範囲内に前記進入禁止領域が存在すると判定された場合にその旨をオペレータに報知するための指令を前記報知手段に出力してもよい。 In addition, the construction machine further includes notification means for notifying an operator of predetermined information, and when the controller determines that the entry prohibition area exists within the at least one range, the operator notifies that fact. A command for informing the user may be output to the informing means.
 この態様によれば、建設機械が進入禁止領域に近付いていることをオペレータに知らせることにより、進入禁止領域から遠ざかるべきことをオペレータに促すことができる。 According to this aspect, by notifying the operator that the construction machine is approaching the entry prohibited area, the operator can be prompted to move away from the entry prohibited area.

Claims (6)

  1.  建設機械であって、
     下部走行体と、
     前記下部走行体に対して旋回軸を中心として旋回可能に取り付けられた上部旋回体と、
     前記旋回軸を中心とする前記下部走行体の周囲に位置する被検出物までの距離を検出可能となるように前記上部旋回体に取り付けられた距離検出手段と、
     前記下部走行体に対する前記上部旋回体の旋回角度を検出する旋回角度検出器と、
     前記距離検出手段により検出された距離に基づいて前記下部走行体の進入を禁止すべき進入禁止領域を特定するとともに、前記進入禁止領域と前記旋回角度検出器により検出された旋回角度とに基づいて前記下部走行体の走行方向を基準とする安全性に関する情報を生成し、前記安全性に関する情報を出力するコントローラと、を備えている建設機械。
    A construction machine,
    A lower traveling body,
    An upper swing body attached to the lower traveling body so as to be pivotable about a pivot axis;
    Distance detecting means attached to the upper swing body so as to be able to detect the distance to the detected object located around the lower traveling body around the swing axis;
    A turning angle detector for detecting a turning angle of the upper turning body with respect to the lower traveling body;
    Based on the distance detected by the distance detection means, an entry prohibition area where entry of the lower traveling body should be prohibited is specified, and based on the entry prohibition area and the turning angle detected by the turning angle detector. A construction machine comprising: a controller that generates information on safety based on a traveling direction of the lower traveling body and outputs information on the safety.
  2.  請求項1に記載の建設機械であって、
     前記コントローラは、前記下部走行体の前部から走行方向の前進側に所定距離だけ離れた位置までの前側検出範囲及び前記下部走行体の後部から走行方向の後進側に前記所定距離だけ離れた位置までの後側検出範囲の少なくとも一方の範囲内に前記進入禁止領域が存在するか否かを判定し、前記少なくとも一方の範囲内に前記進入禁止領域が存在すると判定された場合に前記安全性に関する情報を出力する、建設機械。
    The construction machine according to claim 1,
    The controller includes a front detection range from a front portion of the lower traveling body to a position separated by a predetermined distance on the forward side in the traveling direction, and a position separated from the rear portion of the lower traveling body by the predetermined distance on the backward direction in the traveling direction It is determined whether or not the entry prohibition area exists in at least one range of the rear detection range until and when it is determined that the entry prohibition area exists in the at least one range, Construction machinery that outputs information.
  3.  請求項2に記載の建設機械は、前記コントローラからの指令により前記下部走行体の前進側への走行を制限する前進側制限装置と、前記コントローラからの指令により前記下部走行体の後進側への走行を制限する後進側制限装置と、をさらに備え、
     前記コントローラは、前記前側検出範囲内に前記進入禁止領域が存在すると判定された場合に前記前進側制限装置に指令を出力するとともに、前記後側検出範囲内に前記進入禁止領域が存在すると判定された場合に前記後進側制限装置に指令を出力する、建設機械。
    The construction machine according to claim 2, wherein a forward side limiting device that restricts the traveling of the lower traveling body to the forward side by a command from the controller, and a backward traveling side of the lower traveling body by a command from the controller. A reverse side restricting device for restricting traveling, and
    The controller outputs a command to the forward side restricting device when it is determined that the entry prohibition region exists within the front detection range, and is determined that the entry prohibition region exists within the rear detection range. A construction machine that outputs a command to the reverse side restricting device in the event of a failure.
  4.  請求項3に記載の建設機械であって、
     前記コントローラは、前記前側検出範囲内にのみ前記進入禁止領域が存在すると判定された場合に前記後進側制限装置に対する指令の出力を禁止するとともに、前記後側検出範囲内にのみ前記進入禁止領域が存在すると判定された場合に前記前進側制限装置に対する指令の出力を禁止する、建設機械。
    A construction machine according to claim 3,
    The controller prohibits the output of a command to the backward limit device when it is determined that the entry prohibition region exists only within the front detection range, and the entry prohibition region exists only within the rear detection range. A construction machine that prohibits the output of a command to the forward limit device when it is determined that it exists.
  5.  請求項3又は4に記載の建設機械であって、
     前記コントローラは、前記前進側制限装置及び前記後進側制限装置に対して前記下部走行体を徐々に減速させて停止させるための指令を出力可能である、建設機械。
    The construction machine according to claim 3 or 4,
    The construction machine is capable of outputting a command for gradually decelerating and stopping the lower traveling body to the forward limit device and the reverse limit device.
  6.  請求項1~5の何れか1項に記載の建設機械は、所定の情報をオペレータに報知するための報知手段をさらに備え、
     前記コントローラは、前記少なくとも一方の範囲内に前記進入禁止領域が存在すると判定された場合にその旨をオペレータに報知するための指令を前記報知手段に出力する、建設機械。
    The construction machine according to any one of claims 1 to 5, further comprising a notification means for notifying an operator of predetermined information,
    When the controller determines that the entry prohibition area exists within the at least one range, the controller outputs a command for notifying the operator of the fact to the notification means.
PCT/JP2019/004153 2018-03-29 2019-02-06 Construction machinery WO2019187661A1 (en)

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