WO2019184552A1 - Thermal treatment process for ceramic-reinforced steel-matrix composite material - Google Patents
Thermal treatment process for ceramic-reinforced steel-matrix composite material Download PDFInfo
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- WO2019184552A1 WO2019184552A1 PCT/CN2019/070805 CN2019070805W WO2019184552A1 WO 2019184552 A1 WO2019184552 A1 WO 2019184552A1 CN 2019070805 W CN2019070805 W CN 2019070805W WO 2019184552 A1 WO2019184552 A1 WO 2019184552A1
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- reinforced steel
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- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 115
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
- 238000007669 thermal treatment Methods 0.000 title abstract 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 86
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 101
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 93
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 93
- 230000003064 anti-oxidating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002905 metal composite material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003637 basic solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/74—Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material
- C21D1/76—Adjusting the composition of the atmosphere
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/68—Temporary coatings or embedding materials applied before or during heat treatment
- C21D1/70—Temporary coatings or embedding materials applied before or during heat treatment while heating or quenching
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/74—Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2251/00—Treating composite or clad material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
Definitions
- the invention belongs to the technical field of composite materials, and in particular relates to a heat treatment process of a ceramic reinforced steel matrix composite material.
- the ceramic metal wear-resistant composite material combines the high hardness, high wear resistance and good toughness of the ceramic, and solves the problem of high hardness and toughness in the traditional steel materials.
- the preparation process of ceramic metal composite materials at home and abroad The research is getting deeper and deeper, and the heat treatment process is the key link to maximize the potential of the composite material. Because the physical and chemical properties of ceramics and metals vary greatly, if the ceramic metal composite composite is treated by metal heat treatment, ceramics and metals The thermal expansion coefficient and shrinkage coefficient are greatly different.
- the ceramic particles are easy to fall off, the ceramic metal composite material is prone to cracking, and the mechanical properties such as wear resistance, impact toughness and hardness of the composite material after heat treatment are not obvious. Improvement, how to obtain composite parts with excellent wear resistance is the focus of research on heat treatment of composite materials.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a heat treatment process for a ceramic reinforced steel matrix composite material, which improves the wear resistance and toughness of the composite material, and can effectively prevent the composite material from cracking during the heat treatment process.
- the basic solution of the present invention is: a heat treatment process of a ceramic reinforced steel matrix composite material, comprising the following steps:
- the ceramic reinforced steel-based composite material is heated to 200-400 ° C at 20-35 ° C / h, and incubated for 2-3 hours, then cooled with the furnace.
- the working principle of the basic scheme is that the heat treatment process not only ensures the comprehensive mechanical properties of the steel base, but also has a good anti-wear effect, and effectively reduces the steel base and ceramic particles during the heat treatment temperature rise and fall process due to the two
- the thermal stress generated by the difference in thermal expansion coefficient reduces the possibility of cracking in the ceramic reinforced steel matrix composite, which results in better mechanical properties and wear resistance.
- the heat treatment process of the present invention effectively improves the wear resistance and toughness of the composite.
- the invention achieves the reduction of thermal stress caused by the difference of the thermal expansion coefficients of the ceramic particles and the steel base during the heat treatment process by the pretreatment of the step (1) and the determination of the appropriate heat treatment temperature rise and fall speed, thereby effectively avoiding The problem of ceramic particles falling off and composite cracking due to inconsistent expansion and shrinkage coefficients of ceramics and metals.
- the ceramic reinforced steel-based composite material is heated to 400-410 ° C at a temperature increase rate of 38-42 ° C / h, and kept for 0.6 h. According to repeated experiments by the applicant, it is found that the parameters of the heat treatment are controlled within the above range, and the obtained product has the best comprehensive performance.
- the ceramic reinforced steel matrix composite material is heated to a temperature of 698-710 ° C at a temperature increase rate of 68-74 ° C / h, and the temperature is maintained for 0.8 h. According to repeated experiments by the applicant, it is found that the parameters of the heat treatment are controlled within the above range, and the obtained product has the best comprehensive performance.
- the ceramic reinforced steel-based composite material is heated to 936-945 ° C at a heating rate of 53-58 ° C / h, and kept for 4 h, and the ceramic reinforced steel-based composite material is taken out in the air and cooled to room temperature. . According to repeated experiments by the applicant, it is found that the parameters of the heat treatment are controlled within the above range, and the obtained product has the best comprehensive performance.
- the ceramic reinforced steel-based composite material is heated to 220-230 ° C at 26-32 ° C / h, and after cooling for 2.5 h, it is cooled with the furnace. According to repeated experiments by the applicant, it is found that the parameters of the heat treatment are controlled within the above range, and the obtained product has the best comprehensive performance.
- the anti-oxidation coating in the step (1) is a SG-JD high-temperature anti-oxidation coating, and the coating has a thickness of 0.2-0.5 mm.
- SG-JD high temperature resistant anti-oxidation coating is the most suitable for ceramic reinforced steel matrix composites. It has good adhesion after coating and is not easy to fall off.
- SG-JD high temperature anti-oxidation coating effectively improves ceramic reinforced steel.
- the base composite is resistant to corrosion and oxidation and prolongs the service life of the ceramic reinforced steel matrix composite.
- FIG. 1 is a graph showing an embodiment of a heat treatment process of a ceramic reinforced steel matrix composite material of the present invention
- Example 2 is a structural comparison diagram of the ceramic reinforced steel matrix composite material of Example 1 before heat treatment
- Example 3 is a structural comparison diagram of the ceramic reinforced steel matrix composite material after heat treatment in Example 1;
- Example 4 is a structural comparison diagram of the ceramic reinforced steel matrix composite substrate of Example 1 before heat treatment
- Figure 5 is a structural comparison diagram of the ceramic reinforced steel matrix composite substrate of Example 1 after heat treatment.
- the ceramic reinforced steel matrix composite materials used in Examples 1-4 were all ZTA ceramic particle reinforced ZG50Cr5Mo composite materials.
- a heat treatment process for a ceramic reinforced steel matrix composite material the specific steps are as follows:
- the ceramic reinforced steel matrix composite material is heated to 700 ° C at a heating rate of 60 ° C / h, held for 0.5 h;
- the ceramic reinforced steel-based composite material was heated to 250 ° C at 20 ° C / h for 2 h and then cooled with the furnace.
- the heat treatment process flow chart of the ceramic reinforced steel matrix composite material is shown in Fig. 1.
- the microstructure of the ceramic reinforced steel matrix composite is shown in Fig. 2.
- the ceramic reinforced steel matrix composite substrate is shown in Fig. 4.
- the tempered martensite, the granule and the matrix are obtained in the ceramic reinforced steel matrix composite.
- the combination is good, no heat treatment crack, the microstructure of the ceramic reinforced steel matrix composite is shown in Fig. 3, and the ceramic reinforced steel matrix composite substrate is shown in Fig. 5.
- the wear resistance and toughness of the composite after heat treatment are shown in Table 1.
- a heat treatment process for a ceramic reinforced steel matrix composite material the specific steps are as follows:
- the ceramic reinforced steel matrix composite material was heated to 700 ° C at a heating rate of 68 ° C / h, held for 0.6 h;
- the ceramic reinforced steel-based composite material was heated at 25 ° C / h to 240 ° C for 2.3 h and then cooled with the furnace.
- a heat treatment process for a ceramic reinforced steel matrix composite material the specific steps are as follows:
- the ceramic reinforced steel-based composite material was heated to 300 ° C for 2 hours at 28 ° C / h and then cooled with the furnace.
- a heat treatment process for a ceramic reinforced steel matrix composite material the specific steps are as follows:
- the ceramic reinforced steel matrix composite material was heated to 700 ° C at a heating rate of 80 ° C / h, and kept for 1 h;
- the ceramic reinforced steel matrix composite was heated to 400 ° C for 3 h at 35 ° C / h and then cooled with the furnace.
- Table 1 The data in Table 1 are the performance test results of the as-cast ceramic reinforced steel matrix composite material without heat treatment and the ceramic reinforced steel matrix composite material after heat treatment of Examples 1-4.
- Relative wear resistance refers to the comparison of wear resistance between the heat-treated ceramic reinforced steel matrix composite and the unheated as-cast ceramic reinforced steel matrix composite under the same working conditions. The comparison is based on the as-cast condition. Its wear resistance is 1.
- Examples 1-4 are heat-treated ceramic reinforced steel-based composite materials, and as-cast unheated ceramic reinforced steel-based composite materials. It can be clearly seen from the data in Table 1 that the heat treatment by this scheme After that, the mechanical properties such as hardness, toughness and wear resistance of the ceramic reinforced steel matrix composite material are obviously improved.
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of composite materials, and particularly discloses a thermal treatment process for a ceramic-reinforced steel-matrix composite material, the thermal treatment process comprising the following steps: (1) applying an antioxidant coating on a surface of a ceramic-reinforced steel-matrix composite material to be thermally treated, then placing the composite material into a box furnace, evacuating the same, and charging nitrogen into the furnace such that the oxygen content in the box furnace is less than or equal to 5% and the furnace pressure is maintained at 60-70 mbar; (2) heating the composite material to 380-430°C at a heating rate of 30-50°C/h, and maintaining the temperature for 0.5-1 h; (3) heating the composite material to 680-730°C at a heating rate of 60-80°C/h, and maintaining the temperature for 0.5-1 h; (4) heating the composite material to 930-950°C at a heating rate of 50-60°C/h, maintaining the temperature for 2-6 h, and taking out and air-cooling the composite material to room temperature; and (5) heating the composite material to 200-400°C at a heating rate of 20-35°C/h, maintaining the temperature for 2-3 h, and performing furnace cooling on the composite material. By processing the ceramic-reinforced steel-matrix composite material using the process provided by the technical solution of the invention, the abrasion resistance and toughness of the composite material can be improved, and cracking of the composite material can be effectively avoided during the thermal treatment.
Description
本发明属于复合材料技术领域，尤其涉及一种陶瓷增强钢基复合材料的热处理工艺。The invention belongs to the technical field of composite materials, and in particular relates to a heat treatment process of a ceramic reinforced steel matrix composite material.
随着现代工业进程的不断发展，耐磨材料的消耗量与日俱增，传统钢铁材料已难以满足材料对耐磨性的需求。陶瓷金属耐磨复合材料兼具陶瓷的高硬度、高耐磨性和金属良好的韧性，解决了传统钢铁材料中高硬度与强韧性矛盾的问题，目前，国内外对陶瓷金属复合材料的制备工艺的研究日趋深入，而热处理工艺是使复合材料发挥最大潜能的关键环节，由于陶瓷和金属的物理、化学性质差异很大，若采用金属的热处理方式对陶瓷金属复复合材料进行处理，由于陶瓷与金属的热膨胀系数、收缩系数等差异大，在热处理的过程中陶瓷颗粒容易脱落、陶瓷金属复合材料容易发生开裂，而且热处理后复合材料的耐磨性、冲击韧性、硬度等机械性能并没有得到明显的改善，如何获得具有优良耐磨性的复合件是复合材料热处理工艺研究的重点。With the continuous development of modern industrial processes, the consumption of wear-resistant materials is increasing day by day, and traditional steel materials have been difficult to meet the demand for wear resistance of materials. The ceramic metal wear-resistant composite material combines the high hardness, high wear resistance and good toughness of the ceramic, and solves the problem of high hardness and toughness in the traditional steel materials. At present, the preparation process of ceramic metal composite materials at home and abroad The research is getting deeper and deeper, and the heat treatment process is the key link to maximize the potential of the composite material. Because the physical and chemical properties of ceramics and metals vary greatly, if the ceramic metal composite composite is treated by metal heat treatment, ceramics and metals The thermal expansion coefficient and shrinkage coefficient are greatly different. During the heat treatment process, the ceramic particles are easy to fall off, the ceramic metal composite material is prone to cracking, and the mechanical properties such as wear resistance, impact toughness and hardness of the composite material after heat treatment are not obvious. Improvement, how to obtain composite parts with excellent wear resistance is the focus of research on heat treatment of composite materials.
发明内容Summary of the invention
本发明的目的在于提供一种陶瓷增强钢基复合材料的热处理工艺，提高了复合材料的耐磨性和强韧性，而且热处理过程中能有效避免复合材料发生开裂。The object of the present invention is to provide a heat treatment process for a ceramic reinforced steel matrix composite material, which improves the wear resistance and toughness of the composite material, and can effectively prevent the composite material from cracking during the heat treatment process.
为了达到上述目的，本发明的基础方案为：一种陶瓷增强钢基复合材料的热处理工艺，包括以下步骤：In order to achieve the above object, the basic solution of the present invention is: a heat treatment process of a ceramic reinforced steel matrix composite material, comprising the following steps:
(1)在待热处理的陶瓷增强钢基复合材料表面涂刷抗氧化涂料，然后将陶瓷增强钢基复合材料放入箱式炉中，抽真空，充入氮气，使箱式炉内的氧含量≦5％，炉膛压力维持在60-70mbar；(1) Applying an anti-oxidation coating on the surface of the ceramic reinforced steel-based composite material to be heat-treated, and then placing the ceramic reinforced steel-based composite material into a box furnace, evacuating and filling with nitrogen to make the oxygen content in the box furnace ≦5%, the furnace pressure is maintained at 60-70 mbar;
(2)以30-50℃/h的升温速度将陶瓷增强钢基复合材料加热至380-430℃，保温0.5-1h；(2) heating the ceramic reinforced steel matrix composite material to a temperature of 30-50 ° C / h to 380-430 ° C, holding 0.5-1 h;
(3)随后以60-80℃/h的升温速率将陶瓷增强钢基复合材料加热至680-730℃，保温0.5-1h；(3) then heating the ceramic reinforced steel matrix composite material at a heating rate of 60-80 ° C / h to 680-730 ° C, holding 0.5-1 h;
(4)以50-60℃/h的升温速率将陶瓷增强钢基复合材料加热至930-950℃，保温2-6h，将陶瓷增强钢基复合材料取出在空气中进行冷却直至室温；(4) heating the ceramic reinforced steel-based composite material to 930-950 ° C at a heating rate of 50-60 ° C / h, holding for 2-6 h, removing the ceramic reinforced steel-based composite material in air for cooling to room temperature;
(5)将陶瓷增强钢基复合材料以20-35℃/h加热至200-400℃，保温2-3h后随炉冷却。(5) The ceramic reinforced steel-based composite material is heated to 200-400 ° C at 20-35 ° C / h, and incubated for 2-3 hours, then cooled with the furnace.
本基础方案的工作原理在于：本热处理工艺不仅保证了钢基的综合机械性能，可以起到很好的抗磨损效果，还有效的减少了钢基和陶瓷颗粒在热处理升降温过程中由于两者热膨胀系数的差异而产生的热应力，降低了陶瓷增强钢基复合材料产生裂纹的可能，使得其得到较好的力学性能和耐磨性能。The working principle of the basic scheme is that the heat treatment process not only ensures the comprehensive mechanical properties of the steel base, but also has a good anti-wear effect, and effectively reduces the steel base and ceramic particles during the heat treatment temperature rise and fall process due to the two The thermal stress generated by the difference in thermal expansion coefficient reduces the possibility of cracking in the ceramic reinforced steel matrix composite, which results in better mechanical properties and wear resistance.
本基础方案的有益效果在于：The beneficial effects of this basic program are:
1.本发明的热处理工艺有效提高了复合材料的耐磨性和韧性。1. The heat treatment process of the present invention effectively improves the wear resistance and toughness of the composite.
2.本发明通过步骤(1)的前置处理以及确定合适的热处理升降温速度来实现对陶瓷颗粒和钢基在热处理过程中由于两者的热膨胀系数的差异产生热应力的减少，有效避免了因陶瓷与金属膨胀、收缩系数不一致而导致的陶瓷颗粒脱落、复合材料开裂的问题。2. The invention achieves the reduction of thermal stress caused by the difference of the thermal expansion coefficients of the ceramic particles and the steel base during the heat treatment process by the pretreatment of the step (1) and the determination of the appropriate heat treatment temperature rise and fall speed, thereby effectively avoiding The problem of ceramic particles falling off and composite cracking due to inconsistent expansion and shrinkage coefficients of ceramics and metals.
进一步，步骤(2)中，以38-42℃/h的升温速度将陶瓷增强钢基复合材料加热至400-410℃，保温0.6h。经申请人多次实验发现，将热处理的参数控制在上述范围，得到的产品综合性能最佳。Further, in the step (2), the ceramic reinforced steel-based composite material is heated to 400-410 ° C at a temperature increase rate of 38-42 ° C / h, and kept for 0.6 h. According to repeated experiments by the applicant, it is found that the parameters of the heat treatment are controlled within the above range, and the obtained product has the best comprehensive performance.
进一步，步骤(3)中，以68-74℃/h的升温速率将陶瓷增强钢基复合材料加热至698-710℃，保温0.8h。经申请人多次实验发现，将热处理的参数控制在上述范围，得到的产品综合性能最佳。Further, in the step (3), the ceramic reinforced steel matrix composite material is heated to a temperature of 698-710 ° C at a temperature increase rate of 68-74 ° C / h, and the temperature is maintained for 0.8 h. According to repeated experiments by the applicant, it is found that the parameters of the heat treatment are controlled within the above range, and the obtained product has the best comprehensive performance.
进一步，步骤(4)中，以53-58℃/h的升温速率将陶瓷增强钢基复合材料加热至936-945℃，保温4h，将陶瓷增强钢基复合材料取出在空气中进行冷却直至室温。经申请人多次实验发现，将热处理的参数控制在上述范围，得到的产品综合性能最佳。Further, in the step (4), the ceramic reinforced steel-based composite material is heated to 936-945 ° C at a heating rate of 53-58 ° C / h, and kept for 4 h, and the ceramic reinforced steel-based composite material is taken out in the air and cooled to room temperature. . According to repeated experiments by the applicant, it is found that the parameters of the heat treatment are controlled within the above range, and the obtained product has the best comprehensive performance.
进一步，步骤(5)中，将陶瓷增强钢基复合材料以26-32℃/h加热至220-230℃，保温2.5h后随炉冷却。经申请人多次实验发现，将热处理的参数控制在上述范围，得到的产品综合性能最佳。Further, in the step (5), the ceramic reinforced steel-based composite material is heated to 220-230 ° C at 26-32 ° C / h, and after cooling for 2.5 h, it is cooled with the furnace. According to repeated experiments by the applicant, it is found that the parameters of the heat treatment are controlled within the above range, and the obtained product has the best comprehensive performance.
进一步，所述步骤(1)中的抗氧化涂料为SG-JD耐高温抗氧化涂料，涂料的涂刷得厚度为0.2-0.5mm。经申请人多次实验发现，SG-JD耐高温抗氧化涂料与陶瓷增强钢基复合材料最为匹配，涂覆后附着性好、不易脱落，同时SG-JD耐高温抗氧化涂料有效提高陶瓷增强钢基复合材料耐防腐、抗氧化性，延长陶瓷增强钢基复合材料的使用寿命。Further, the anti-oxidation coating in the step (1) is a SG-JD high-temperature anti-oxidation coating, and the coating has a thickness of 0.2-0.5 mm. Many times, the applicant found that SG-JD high temperature resistant anti-oxidation coating is the most suitable for ceramic reinforced steel matrix composites. It has good adhesion after coating and is not easy to fall off. At the same time, SG-JD high temperature anti-oxidation coating effectively improves ceramic reinforced steel. The base composite is resistant to corrosion and oxidation and prolongs the service life of the ceramic reinforced steel matrix composite.
图1是本发明一种陶瓷增强钢基复合材料的热处理工艺实施例的曲线图；1 is a graph showing an embodiment of a heat treatment process of a ceramic reinforced steel matrix composite material of the present invention;
图2是实例1中陶瓷增强钢基复合材料热处理前的组织对比图；2 is a structural comparison diagram of the ceramic reinforced steel matrix composite material of Example 1 before heat treatment;
图3是实例1中陶瓷增强钢基复合材料热处理后的组织对比图；3 is a structural comparison diagram of the ceramic reinforced steel matrix composite material after heat treatment in Example 1;
图4是实例1中陶瓷增强钢基复合材料基体热处理前的组织对比图；4 is a structural comparison diagram of the ceramic reinforced steel matrix composite substrate of Example 1 before heat treatment;
图5是实例1中陶瓷增强钢基复合材料基体热处理后的组织对比图。Figure 5 is a structural comparison diagram of the ceramic reinforced steel matrix composite substrate of Example 1 after heat treatment.
下面对选用的原料进行了说明，并通过具体实施方式对本发明作进一步详细的说明：The selected raw materials are described below, and the present invention is further described in detail by way of specific embodiments:
实施例1-4中所用的陶瓷增强钢基复合材料均为ZTA陶瓷颗粒增强ZG50Cr5Mo复合材料。The ceramic reinforced steel matrix composite materials used in Examples 1-4 were all ZTA ceramic particle reinforced ZG50Cr5Mo composite materials.
实施例1Example 1
一种陶瓷增强钢基复合材料的热处理工艺，具体步骤如下：A heat treatment process for a ceramic reinforced steel matrix composite material, the specific steps are as follows:
(1)在待热处理的陶瓷增强钢基复合材料表面涂刷SG-JD耐高温抗氧化涂料，涂料的涂刷得厚度为0.3mm；然后将陶瓷增强钢基复合材料放入箱式炉中，抽真空，充入氮气，使箱式炉内的氧含量≦5％，炉膛压力维持在60mbar；(1) Applying SG-JD high temperature anti-oxidation coating on the surface of the ceramic reinforced steel matrix composite material to be heat treated, the coating thickness of the coating is 0.3 mm; then the ceramic reinforced steel matrix composite material is placed in a box furnace, Vacuuming, filling with nitrogen, so that the oxygen content in the box furnace is ≦5%, the furnace pressure is maintained at 60 mbar;
(2)以30℃/h的升温速度将陶瓷增强钢基复合材料加热至400℃，保温0.5h；(2) heating the ceramic reinforced steel-based composite material to 400 ° C at a heating rate of 30 ° C / h, and holding for 0.5 h;
(3)随后以60℃/h的升温速率将陶瓷增强钢基复合材料加热至700℃，保温0.5h；(3) Subsequently, the ceramic reinforced steel matrix composite material is heated to 700 ° C at a heating rate of 60 ° C / h, held for 0.5 h;
(4)以50℃/h的升温速率将陶瓷增强钢基复合材料加热至930℃，在930℃进行保温3h，将陶瓷增强钢基复合材料取出在空气中进行冷却直至室温；(4) heating the ceramic reinforced steel matrix composite material to 930 ° C at a heating rate of 50 ° C / h, holding at 930 ° C for 3 h, removing the ceramic reinforced steel matrix composite material in air for cooling to room temperature;
(5)将陶瓷增强钢基复合材料以20℃/h加热至250℃保温2h后随炉冷却。(5) The ceramic reinforced steel-based composite material was heated to 250 ° C at 20 ° C / h for 2 h and then cooled with the furnace.
陶瓷增强钢基复合材料的热处理工艺流程图的如图1所示。热处理前，陶瓷增强钢基复合材料组织图如图2所示、陶瓷增强钢基复合材料基体如图4所示；热处理之后，陶瓷增强钢基复合材料中得到回火马氏体，颗粒与基体结合良好，无热处理裂纹，陶瓷增强钢基复合材料组织图如图3所示、陶瓷增强钢基复合材料基体如图5所示。热处理之后复合材料的耐磨性及韧性如表1所示。The heat treatment process flow chart of the ceramic reinforced steel matrix composite material is shown in Fig. 1. Before heat treatment, the microstructure of the ceramic reinforced steel matrix composite is shown in Fig. 2. The ceramic reinforced steel matrix composite substrate is shown in Fig. 4. After the heat treatment, the tempered martensite, the granule and the matrix are obtained in the ceramic reinforced steel matrix composite. The combination is good, no heat treatment crack, the microstructure of the ceramic reinforced steel matrix composite is shown in Fig. 3, and the ceramic reinforced steel matrix composite substrate is shown in Fig. 5. The wear resistance and toughness of the composite after heat treatment are shown in Table 1.
实施例2Example 2
一种陶瓷增强钢基复合材料的热处理工艺，具体步骤如下：A heat treatment process for a ceramic reinforced steel matrix composite material, the specific steps are as follows:
(1)在待热处理的陶瓷增强钢基复合材料表面涂刷SG-JD耐高温抗氧化涂料，涂料的 涂刷得厚度为0.4mm；然后将陶瓷增强钢基复合材料放入箱式炉中，抽真空，充入氮气，使箱式炉内的氧含量≦5％，炉膛压力维持在63mbar；(1) Applying SG-JD high temperature anti-oxidation coating on the surface of the ceramic reinforced steel matrix composite material to be heat treated, the coating thickness of the coating is 0.4 mm; then the ceramic reinforced steel matrix composite material is placed in a box furnace, Vacuuming, filling with nitrogen, so that the oxygen content in the box furnace is ≦5%, the furnace pressure is maintained at 63 mbar;
(2)以35℃/h的升温速度将陶瓷增强钢基复合材料加热至400℃，保温0.7h；(2) heating the ceramic reinforced steel matrix composite material to 400 ° C at a heating rate of 35 ° C / h, holding 0.7 h;
(3)随后以68℃/h的升温速率将陶瓷增强钢基复合材料加热至700℃，保温0.6h；(3) Subsequently, the ceramic reinforced steel matrix composite material was heated to 700 ° C at a heating rate of 68 ° C / h, held for 0.6 h;
(4)以56℃/h的升温速率将陶瓷增强钢基复合材料加热至935℃，在935℃进行保温2.6h，将陶瓷增强钢基复合材料取出在空气中进行冷却直至室温；(4) heating the ceramic reinforced steel matrix composite material to 935 ° C at a heating rate of 56 ° C / h, holding at 935 ° C for 2.6 h, removing the ceramic reinforced steel matrix composite material in air for cooling to room temperature;
(5)将陶瓷增强钢基复合材料以25℃/h加热至240℃保温2.3h后随炉冷却。(5) The ceramic reinforced steel-based composite material was heated at 25 ° C / h to 240 ° C for 2.3 h and then cooled with the furnace.
本实施例中，热处理后的陶瓷增强钢基复合材料性能测试结果见表1。In this embodiment, the performance test results of the ceramic reinforced steel matrix composite after heat treatment are shown in Table 1.
实施例3Example 3
一种陶瓷增强钢基复合材料的热处理工艺，具体步骤如下：A heat treatment process for a ceramic reinforced steel matrix composite material, the specific steps are as follows:
(1)在待热处理的陶瓷增强钢基复合材料表面涂刷SG-JD耐高温抗氧化涂料，涂料的涂刷得厚度为0.5mm；然后将其放入箱式炉中，抽真空，充入氮气，保证氧含量≦5％，炉膛压力维持在67mbar；(1) Apply SG-JD high temperature and anti-oxidation coating on the surface of the ceramic reinforced steel matrix composite to be heat treated. The coating is coated to a thickness of 0.5 mm; then it is placed in a box furnace, vacuumed, and filled. Nitrogen gas, to ensure that the oxygen content is 5%, the furnace pressure is maintained at 67 mbar;
(2)以45℃/h的升温速度将陶瓷增强钢基复合材料加热至400℃，保温0.8h；(2) heating the ceramic reinforced steel matrix composite material to 400 ° C at a heating rate of 45 ° C / h, holding 0.8 h;
(3)随后以75℃/h的升温速率将陶瓷增强钢基复合材料加热至700℃，保温0.9h；(3) then heating the ceramic reinforced steel matrix composite at a heating rate of 75 ° C / h to 700 ° C, holding 0.9 h;
(4)以58℃/h的升温速率将陶瓷增强钢基复合材料加热至940℃，在940℃进行保温4h，将陶瓷增强钢基复合材料取出在空气中进行冷却直至室温；(4) heating the ceramic reinforced steel matrix composite material to 940 ° C at a heating rate of 58 ° C / h, holding at 940 ° C for 4 h, removing the ceramic reinforced steel matrix composite material in air for cooling to room temperature;
(5)将陶瓷增强钢基复合材料以28℃/h加热至300℃保温2.5h后随炉冷却。(5) The ceramic reinforced steel-based composite material was heated to 300 ° C for 2 hours at 28 ° C / h and then cooled with the furnace.
本实施例中，热处理后的陶瓷增强钢基复合材料性能测试结果见表1。In this embodiment, the performance test results of the ceramic reinforced steel matrix composite after heat treatment are shown in Table 1.
实施例4Example 4
一种陶瓷增强钢基复合材料的热处理工艺，具体步骤如下：A heat treatment process for a ceramic reinforced steel matrix composite material, the specific steps are as follows:
(1)在待热处理的陶瓷增强钢基复合材料表面涂刷SG-JD耐高温抗氧化涂料，涂料的涂刷得厚度为0.38mm；然后将其放入箱式炉中，抽真空，充入氮气，保证氧含量≦5％，炉膛压力维持在60-70mbar；(1) Apply SG-JD high temperature and anti-oxidation coating on the surface of the ceramic reinforced steel matrix composite to be heat treated. The coating is painted to a thickness of 0.38 mm; then it is placed in a box furnace, vacuumed, and filled. Nitrogen, to ensure that the oxygen content is 5%, the furnace pressure is maintained at 60-70 mbar;
(2)以50℃/h的升温速度加热至400℃，保温1h；(2) heating to 400 ° C at a heating rate of 50 ° C / h, holding for 1 h;
(3)随后以80℃/h的升温速率将陶瓷增强钢基复合材料加热至700℃，保温1h；(3) Subsequently, the ceramic reinforced steel matrix composite material was heated to 700 ° C at a heating rate of 80 ° C / h, and kept for 1 h;
(4)以60℃/h的升温速率将陶瓷增强钢基复合材料加热至950℃，在950℃进行保温6 h，将陶瓷增强钢基复合材料取出在空气中进行冷却直至室温；(4) heating the ceramic reinforced steel matrix composite material to 950 ° C at a heating rate of 60 ° C / h, holding at 950 ° C for 6 h, removing the ceramic reinforced steel matrix composite material in air for cooling to room temperature;
(5)将陶瓷增强钢基复合材料以35℃/h加热至400℃保温3h后随炉冷却。(5) The ceramic reinforced steel matrix composite was heated to 400 ° C for 3 h at 35 ° C / h and then cooled with the furnace.
本实施例中，热处理后的陶瓷增强钢基复合材料性能测试结果见表1。In this embodiment, the performance test results of the ceramic reinforced steel matrix composite after heat treatment are shown in Table 1.
表1Table 1
| 试样编号Sample No | 铸态Cast state | 实施例1Example 1 | 实施例2Example 2 | 实施例3Example 3 | 实施例4Example 4 |
| 硬度HRCHardness HRC | 6464 | 6363 | 6565 | 6161 | 6767 |
| 冲击韧性ɑ KN/(J/cm 2) Impact toughness ɑ KN /(J/cm 2 ) | 9.69.6 | 1111 | 11.611.6 | 11.311.3 | 12.112.1 |
| 相对耐磨性Relative wear resistance | 11 | 1.31.3 | 1.41.4 | 1.281.28 | 1.391.39 |
表1数据分别为未经热处理的铸态陶瓷增强钢基复合材料和经实施例1-4热处理后的陶瓷增强钢基复合材料性能测试结果。The data in Table 1 are the performance test results of the as-cast ceramic reinforced steel matrix composite material without heat treatment and the ceramic reinforced steel matrix composite material after heat treatment of Examples 1-4.
相对耐磨性是指，将热处理后的陶瓷增强钢基复合材料与未热处理铸态的陶瓷增强钢基复合材料在同一工况下进行耐磨性的比较，比较是以铸态作为标准样，其耐磨性为1。Relative wear resistance refers to the comparison of wear resistance between the heat-treated ceramic reinforced steel matrix composite and the unheated as-cast ceramic reinforced steel matrix composite under the same working conditions. The comparison is based on the as-cast condition. Its wear resistance is 1.
对比结论：Contrast conclusion:
实施例1-4均为经过热处理后的陶瓷增强钢基复合材料，而铸态的为未经热处理的陶瓷增强钢基复合材料，从表1的数据可以明显的看出，经过本方案的热处理后，陶瓷增强钢基复合材料的硬度、韧性、耐磨性等机械性能得到明显的提高。Examples 1-4 are heat-treated ceramic reinforced steel-based composite materials, and as-cast unheated ceramic reinforced steel-based composite materials. It can be clearly seen from the data in Table 1 that the heat treatment by this scheme After that, the mechanical properties such as hardness, toughness and wear resistance of the ceramic reinforced steel matrix composite material are obviously improved.
Claims (6)
- 一种陶瓷增强钢基复合材料的热处理工艺，其特征在于：包括以下步骤：A heat treatment process for a ceramic reinforced steel matrix composite material, comprising: the following steps:(1)在待热处理的陶瓷增强钢基复合材料表面涂刷抗氧化涂料，然后将陶瓷增强钢基复合材料放入箱式炉中，抽真空，充入氮气，使箱式炉内的氧含量≦5％，炉膛压力维持在60-70mbar；(1) Applying an anti-oxidation coating on the surface of the ceramic reinforced steel-based composite material to be heat-treated, and then placing the ceramic reinforced steel-based composite material into a box furnace, evacuating and filling with nitrogen to make the oxygen content in the box furnace ≦5%, the furnace pressure is maintained at 60-70 mbar;(2)以30-50℃/h的升温速度将陶瓷增强钢基复合材料加热至380-430℃，保温0.5-1h；(2) heating the ceramic reinforced steel matrix composite material to a temperature of 30-50 ° C / h to 380-430 ° C, holding 0.5-1 h;(3)随后以60-80℃/h的升温速率将陶瓷增强钢基复合材料加热至680-730℃，保温0.5-1h；(3) then heating the ceramic reinforced steel matrix composite material at a heating rate of 60-80 ° C / h to 680-730 ° C, holding 0.5-1 h;(4)以50-60℃/h的升温速率将陶瓷增强钢基复合材料加热至930-950℃，保温2-6h，将陶瓷增强钢基复合材料取出在空气中进行冷却直至室温；(4) heating the ceramic reinforced steel-based composite material to 930-950 ° C at a heating rate of 50-60 ° C / h, holding for 2-6 h, removing the ceramic reinforced steel-based composite material in air for cooling to room temperature;(5)将陶瓷增强钢基复合材料以20-35℃/h加热至200-400℃，保温2-3h后随炉冷却。(5) The ceramic reinforced steel-based composite material is heated to 200-400 ° C at 20-35 ° C / h, and incubated for 2-3 hours, then cooled with the furnace.
- 根据权利要求1所述的一种陶瓷增强钢基复合材料的热处理工艺，其特征在于：步骤(2)中，以38-42℃/h的升温速度将陶瓷增强钢基复合材料加热至400-410℃，保温0.6h。The heat treatment process for a ceramic reinforced steel-based composite material according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the ceramic reinforced steel matrix composite material is heated to 400- at a temperature increase rate of 38-42 ° C / h. 410 ° C, heat preservation 0.6h.
- 根据权利要求2所述的一种陶瓷增强钢基复合材料的热处理工艺，其特征在于：步骤(3)中，以68-74℃/h的升温速率将陶瓷增强钢基复合材料加热至698-710℃，保温0.8h。The heat treatment process for a ceramic reinforced steel-based composite material according to claim 2, wherein in the step (3), the ceramic reinforced steel matrix composite material is heated to 698- at a temperature increase rate of 68-74 ° C / h. 710 ° C, heat preservation 0.8h.
- 根据权利要求3所述的一种陶瓷增强钢基复合材料的热处理工艺，其特征在于：步骤(4)中，以53-58℃/h的升温速率将陶瓷增强钢基复合材料加热至936-945℃，保温4h，将陶瓷增强钢基复合材料取出在空气中进行冷却直至室温。The heat treatment process for a ceramic reinforced steel-based composite material according to claim 3, wherein in the step (4), the ceramic reinforced steel matrix composite material is heated to 936- at a heating rate of 53-58 ° C / h. The ceramic reinforced steel matrix composite was taken out in air at 945 ° C for 4 h and cooled to room temperature.
- 根据权利要求4所述的一种陶瓷增强钢基复合材料的热处理工艺，其特征在于：步骤(5)中，将陶瓷增强钢基复合材料以26-32℃/h加热至220-230℃，保温2.5h后随炉冷却。The heat treatment process for a ceramic reinforced steel-based composite material according to claim 4, wherein in the step (5), the ceramic reinforced steel matrix composite material is heated to 220-230 ° C at 26-32 ° C / h, After heating for 2.5 h, it was cooled with the furnace.
- 根据权利要求1所述的一种陶瓷增强钢基复合材料的热处理工艺，其特征在于：所述步骤(1)中的抗氧化涂料为SG-JD耐高温抗氧化涂料，涂料的涂刷得厚度为0.2-0.5mm。The heat treatment process for a ceramic reinforced steel-based composite material according to claim 1, wherein the oxidation resistant coating in the step (1) is a SG-JD high temperature resistant anti-oxidation coating, and the coating has a thickness of coating. It is 0.2-0.5mm.
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