WO2019170071A1 - 用于无线通信的电子设备、方法和计算机可读存储介质 - Google Patents
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Definitions
- Embodiments of the present invention generally relate to the field of wireless communications, and more particularly to a spectrum allocation technique, and more particularly to an electronic device, method, and computer readable storage medium for wireless communication.
- the television broadcast system is the primary system, and the television is the primary user.
- the mobile communication system is a secondary system, and the receiver in the mobile communication system is a secondary user.
- the primary system may refer to those systems that have spectrum usage rights, such as television broadcasting systems; and the secondary system, which has no spectrum usage rights, and only uses the spectrum when the primary system does not use the spectrum it owns.
- the primary and secondary systems can also be systems with simultaneous spectrum usage rights, but with different priority levels in spectrum usage. For example, when an operator deploys a new base station to provide new services, the existing base station and the services provided have spectrum usage priority.
- the primary system consists of a primary user base station and a primary user.
- the secondary system consists of a secondary user base station and a secondary user.
- the communication between the secondary user base station and one or more secondary users, or between multiple secondary users constitutes a secondary system.
- the communication mode in which the primary and secondary systems coexist requires that the application of the secondary system does not adversely affect the application of the primary system, or that the impact of the spectrum utilization of the secondary system can be controlled within the range allowed by the primary system. For example, when there are multiple subsystems, the aggregate interference of the secondary system cannot exceed the interference tolerance range of the primary system.
- an electronic device for wireless communication comprising: processing circuitry configured to: determine a distribution of nodes within a management area of a spectrum management apparatus; obtain the node based on the distribution a distribution model of cumulative interference from other nodes in the node that is received by a particular node; and determining an exclusive region of the particular node based on the distribution model and the interference tolerance upper limit of the particular node, wherein the exclusive region uses nodes in the exclusive region The number is expressed.
- a method for wireless communication comprising: determining a distribution of nodes within a management area of a spectrum management apparatus; obtaining, based on the distribution, a response from a particular node in the node a distribution model of cumulative interference of other nodes in the node; and an exclusive area of the specific node based on the distribution model and the interference tolerance upper limit of the specific node, wherein the exclusive area is represented by the number of nodes in the exclusive area.
- an electronic device for wireless communication comprising: processing circuitry configured to determine neighbors between nodes by sorting neighbor nodes of each node in order from near to far Relationship; determine whether the neighbor relationship has changed; and, in the case of a change in the neighbor relationship, redistribute the spectrum resource for the node based on the changed neighbor relationship.
- a method for wireless communication comprising: determining a neighbor relationship between nodes by sorting neighbor nodes of each node according to sorting from near to far; determining whether a neighbor relationship changes And, in the case of a change in the neighbor relationship, reallocating the spectrum resource for the node based on the changed neighbor relationship.
- the electronic device and method according to the above aspect of the present application can perform allocation of spectrum resources according to changes in neighbor relationships, reduce system overhead, and improve spectrum utilization efficiency.
- a computer program code and computer program product for implementing the above method for wireless communication, and a computer having the computer program code for implementing the above method for wireless communication recorded thereon Readable storage media.
- Figure 1 shows an example of a system scenario
- FIG. 2 shows a functional block diagram of an electronic device for wireless communication in accordance with one embodiment of the present application
- Figure 3 shows an illustrative example of a management area of a spectrum management device
- Figure 4 is a graph showing a comparison of the mean of the cumulative interference at a particular node obtained by simulation with the mean of the cumulative interference calculated using the formula of the present application, in the case of different exclusive regions;
- Figure 5 is a graph showing the comparison of the standard deviation of the cumulative interference (the arithmetic square root of the variance) at a particular node obtained by simulation with the standard deviation of the cumulative interference calculated using the formula of the present application in the case of different exclusive regions.
- Figure 6 shows an example of a probability density function (PDF) of cumulative interference
- FIG. 7 shows an example of a cumulative distribution function (CDF) of cumulative interference
- Figure 8 shows the use of an existing geographically based exclusive area (GEZ) and a discrete exclusive area (DEZ) using the present application, outside the exclusive area, in the case where the mean of the cumulative interference to a particular node is the same Number of
- FIG. 9 shows a functional block diagram of an electronic device for wireless communication in accordance with one embodiment of the present application.
- Figure 10 shows a schematic diagram of a scene of a fleet
- Figure 11 shows the neighbor relationship between vehicles
- FIG. 12 is a flow chart showing an example in which a first-stage spectrum management apparatus provides related information of a free node to a second-level spectrum management apparatus;
- Figure 13 is a flow chart showing the manner in which related information of a free node is communicated via a managed secondary system
- FIG. 14 shows a functional block diagram of an electronic device for wireless communication in accordance with one embodiment of the present application.
- Figure 15 shows a flow chart of a method for wireless communication in accordance with one embodiment of the present application
- FIG. 16 shows a flow chart of a method for wireless communication in accordance with one embodiment of the present application
- FIG. 17 is a block diagram showing an example of a schematic configuration of a server 700 to which the technology of the present disclosure can be applied;
- FIG. 18 is a block diagram of an exemplary structure of a general purpose personal computer in which methods and/or apparatus and/or systems in accordance with embodiments of the present invention may be implemented.
- the impact of the secondary system's use of the spectrum resources of the primary system should be controlled to keep it within the range allowed by the primary system.
- a manner of setting an exclusive area (also referred to as a protected area) around the primary system may be used, that is, the secondary system in the exclusive area is not allowed to use the same spectral resources as the primary system.
- exclusive areas can be set for high priority secondary systems to ensure their use of the spectrum, ie to ensure that their desired communication quality or spectrum usage efficiency is achieved.
- the spectrum management apparatus includes a plurality of LTE multimode small base stations within the management range, which can simultaneously use existing LTE frequency bands and new frequency bands such as 3.5 GHz.
- These small base stations provide wireless access network services, such as home wireless networks, using existing LTE frequency bands.
- additional spectrum resources such as the 3.5 GHz band can be utilized to increase system bandwidth when needed to provide additional services, such as television video transmission.
- some small base stations provide sufficient bandwidth for rescuers to engage in video transmission.
- the spectrum usage priority of the small base station is high, and an exclusive area can be set for it to ensure the spectrum use efficiency.
- the electronic device 100 includes a first determining unit 101 configured to determine a spectrum management device. a distribution of nodes within the management area; an acquisition unit 102 configured to obtain a distribution model of cumulative interference from other nodes in the node received by a particular node in the node based on the distribution; and a second determining unit 103 configured to The exclusive area of a particular node is determined based on the distribution model and the interference tolerance upper limit of the particular node, wherein the exclusive area is represented by the number of nodes in the exclusive area.
- the first determining unit 101, the obtaining unit 102 and the second determining unit 103 can be implemented by one or more processing circuits, which can be implemented, for example, as a chip.
- the electronic device 100 may be, for example, located on the spectrum management device side or communicably connected to the spectrum management device.
- the spectrum management device can be implemented, for example, as a Spectrum Access System (SAS), a Coexistence Manager (CxM), a geographic location database (GLDB), or a central controller and a coordinator entity (Central Controller and Coordinator (C3) Instance) and so on.
- SAS Spectrum Access System
- CxM Coexistence Manager
- GLDB geographic location database
- C3 Instance Central Controller and Coordinator
- Fig. 3 shows an illustrative example of a management area of a spectrum management apparatus.
- each communication system is shown by a triangle and represented by the number identified above, and each communication system may be a serving cell composed of a base station and user equipment (such as the communication system 9, shown in detail in the ellipse in the upper right corner), It can also be a communication pair (D2D) composed of a plurality of terminals.
- D2D communication pair
- Each of these communication systems can use a common frequency band and can have different spectrum usage priorities, respectively.
- a node in the present application may refer to a base station, a user equipment, or a base station and a user equipment in a communication system.
- system 0 is taken as an example, showing an illustrative example of an exclusive area of system 0 in which systems 1 and 2 in the exclusive area cannot communicate using the same spectrum resources as system 0.
- the exclusive area is represented by a discrete numerical value, which is also referred to as a discrete exclusion zone (DEZ) hereinafter.
- DEZ discrete exclusion zone
- the first determining unit 101 determines the distribution of the nodes in the management area of the spectrum management apparatus. For example, the first determining unit 101 may determine the distribution by accessing the GLDB or according to related information of the primary system and the secondary system stored by the spectrum management device itself.
- the distribution of nodes includes: the location distribution model of the node, the density of the nodes, and the number of nodes.
- the location distribution model of a node may use a Poisson distribution or other models.
- the obtaining unit 102 obtains cumulative interference of the specific node from other nodes based on the foregoing distribution.
- Distribution model For example, the distribution model can be represented by a function.
- the acquisition unit 102 calculates a statistical parameter of the cumulative interference based on the distribution of the nodes, and obtains a distribution model based on the statistical parameter, wherein the statistical parameters of the cumulative interference are respectively a function of the exclusive region.
- the statistical parameter of cumulative interference is the mean and variance of cumulative interference.
- the acquisition unit 102 can also utilize the channel fading index and the transmit power of the node when obtaining the distribution model.
- the distribution of nodes is an m-dimensional Poisson distribution to calculate the mean and variance of cumulative interference of other nodes to a particular node. It should be understood that this is only an example, the distribution of nodes may also be other models, and the acquisition unit 102 may perform similar calculations.
- a boundaryless path loss model is used in which interference from other nodes to a particular node is determined only by path loss, as shown in equation (1) below.
- n represents the nth node of the other nodes
- R n is the distance between the nth node and the specific node
- ⁇ is the channel fading index.
- the interference of other nodes to a particular node is a collection of n node interferences.
- the cumulative interference can be expressed as:
- c m r m is the volume of the m-dimensional sphere of radius r
- ⁇ is the density of the node
- the cumulative interference caused by the nodes other than the exclusive area to the specific node is a finite value, which can be calculated as follows:
- N is the total number of nodes
- ⁇ ⁇ /m
- C m ⁇
- the transmit power of the nodes is assumed to be 1.
- the above mean and variance are functions of the exclusive region k.
- equations (7) to (11) it is possible to calculate the mean and variance of the cumulative interference of the nodes other than the exclusive area to which the specific node is subjected in the case where different exclusive areas are set.
- Fig. 4 is a graph showing a comparison of the mean value of the cumulative interference at a specific node obtained by simulation and the mean value of the cumulative interference calculated by the equation (7), respectively, in the case of different exclusive regions.
- FIG. 5 shows the standard deviation of the cumulative interference at the specific node obtained by simulation (the arithmetic square root of the variance) and the standard deviation of the cumulative interference calculated by using equation (9), respectively, in the case of different exclusive regions. The comparison of the graphs.
- the acquisition unit 102 may use a particular distribution, such as a Gaussian distribution or a gamma distribution, to represent a characteristic function of the cumulative interference based on the mean and the variance, such as a probability density function (PDF). And / or cumulative distribution function (CDF).
- PDF probability density function
- CDF cumulative distribution function
- the second determining unit 103 may determine the exclusive region k based on the obtained distribution model and the interference tolerance upper limit of the specific node.
- the distribution model is represented, for example, by the obtained CDF, and the second determining unit 103 determines k based on the value of the cumulative interference allowed by the CDF and the specific node, such as determining that the probability that the cumulative interference is the interference allowable upper limit exceeds a predetermined value.
- the k corresponding to the CDF curve is the exclusive area of a particular node.
- the method based on the distributed model calculation of the present application can reduce the calculation load on the one hand, and ensure the stability of the exclusive region on the other hand, thereby ensuring the spectrum utilization efficiency.
- Figure 8 shows the use of an existing geographically based exclusive area (GEZ) and a discrete exclusive area (DEZ) using the present application, outside the exclusive area, in the case where the mean of the cumulative interference to a particular node is the same The number. It can be seen that with the DEZ of the present application, when the mean value is constant, the number of operation nodes outside the exclusive area is fixed, but using the existing GEZ causes the number of operation nodes outside the exclusive area to float up and down. , causing system fluctuations.
- GEZ geographically based exclusive area
- DEZ discrete exclusive area
- the electronic device 100 may further include: an implementation unit 104 configured to implement an exclusive area, including: determining, by using a neighbor node of a specific node, a neighbor relationship between the nodes according to sorting from near to far, and A neighboring node in the exclusive area is allocated a different spectrum resource than the specific node based on the neighbor relationship.
- the implementation unit 104 can be implemented by one or more processing circuits, which can be implemented, for example, as a chip.
- the implementing unit 104 is used to specifically determine which nodes are located in the exclusive area, thereby allocating different spectral resources to the nodes. Since the nodes in the exclusive area are nodes closer to a specific node, only the neighbor nodes of the specific node may be considered, and the neighbor nodes may be defined, for example, as nodes with a distance from a specific node within a predetermined range, or a specific node can detect The node whose strength is within a predetermined unit.
- the neighbor nodes By sorting the neighbor nodes from near to far, it is possible to determine the neighbor relationship between all nodes in the set including the specific node and the neighbor node, that is, which one or which nodes are adjacent to any one of the nodes. For example, when a specific node is node 0, as shown in FIG. 3, its neighbor nodes are ranked as 1, 2, 3, 4, ... from near to far, and node 0 is considered to be adjacent to node 1, node 1 and node. 1 is adjacent to node 2, and so on.
- implementation unit 104 is configured to sort based on the relative positional relationship of neighbor nodes to particular nodes. Since the geographical location information of each node is known, the relative positional relationship of the neighboring node with respect to the specific node, such as the distance between the neighboring node and the specific node, can be obtained, thereby performing sorting.
- implementation unit 104 is configured to rank based on signal strengths received from neighboring nodes from a particular node. Specifically, after determining the spectrum usage of the specific node, the neighbor node may measure the signal strength transmitted by the specific node, and then report the measurement result, and the implementing unit 104 performs sorting according to the measurement result.
- the implementation unit 104 can be further configured to reallocate the spectrum resources for the node based on the changed neighbor relationship when the neighbor relationship changes. In other words, if the neighbor relationship has not changed, you can continue to use the current spectrum allocation settings.
- the relative positional relationship can be expressed by the relative speed between the nodes.
- a relative positional relationship may change.
- the implementing unit 104 may calculate the relative speed between the nodes based on the moving direction and the moving speed of each node, or acquire the relative speed of the node relative to another node from the node. At this time, by combining the distances between the nodes, it can be determined whether the neighbor relationship changes, and the time point at which the change occurs is predicted.
- the implementing unit 104 may also determine the period of the neighbor relationship change according to the relative speed and the density of the nodes, thereby periodically performing spectrum allocation. Specifically, the distance between adjacent nodes can be calculated based on the density of the nodes, and the distance divided by the relative speed can obtain the period of the neighbor relationship change.
- a particular node may be a leader of a fleet, and other nodes are members of a fleet.
- the scene of the team is shown in Figure 10.
- V1 is the team manager and V2 to V4 are the team members.
- V1 and V2 are the nodes to be protected, that is, the specific nodes described above, and the exclusive area is set for them.
- the exclusive region size calculated based on the distribution model is 1, that is, the spectrum resource of V1 (or V2) can be multiplexed from the second neighbor node.
- Figure 11 shows the neighbor relationship between vehicles.
- the neighbor relationship of the vehicle V1 is V2, V3, and V4. Therefore, the first neighbor node V2 cannot use the frequency band f1 used by V1, and the neighbor relationship of the vehicle V2 is V3, V1, and V4, so the vehicle V3 cannot use the V2.
- the implementation unit 104 can also be configured to set a spectrum sensing threshold below a predetermined threshold for nodes in the exclusive area. In this way, when the nodes in the exclusive area perform spectrum sensing, the spectrum is always occupied, so that the spectrum usage is automatically stopped when the specific node uses the spectrum resources, so as to reduce unnecessary system overhead.
- the electronic device 100 may also send an instruction to stop the use of the spectrum to a node in the exclusive area.
- the obtaining unit 102 is further configured to acquire aggregated interference of a free node that is not managed by the present spectrum management apparatus for a particular node, and the second determining unit 103 is configured to remove the aggregate from the interference allowable upper limit of the specific node.
- the interference obtains the actual interference tolerance upper limit of the specific node, and determines the exclusive area based on the actual interference tolerance upper limit and the distribution model. It should be understood that the free nodes described herein can be managed by other spectrum management devices.
- the spectrum management device In the area managed by the spectrum management device, there may be nodes managed by other spectrum management devices that are free to the spectrum management device. However, when a free node uses the same spectrum resources as a particular node, it also causes interference to a particular node, and this part of the interference is not reflected in the above distribution model. Therefore, it is necessary to remove this part of the interference from the interference tolerance upper limit, thereby ensuring the accuracy of the calculated exclusive area.
- the acquisition unit 102 can calculate the aggregate interference of the free node to a particular node based on the location distribution, density, and number of free nodes, and the spectrum usage information of the free nodes.
- the obtaining unit 102 may acquire related information of the free node from the second spectrum management device managing the free node, including but not limited to the location distribution, the density and the number of the free nodes, and the spectrum usage information of the free node. Alternatively, the obtaining unit 102 may further acquire related information of the free node from the node managed by the spectrum management device, wherein the related information of the free node is provided by the second spectrum management device managing the free node to the spectrum management device for management. node.
- the secondary spectrum management device is a coexistence management device (such as CxM).
- Some secondary systems may choose to connect the second-level spectrum management device to the managed secondary system, while some secondary systems do not connect to the second-level spectrum management device, but only after obtaining the available spectrum resources from the first-level spectrum management device.
- these systems are unmanaged subsystems, and their base stations or user equipments are the free nodes described in this application.
- the secondary systems managed by other spectrum management devices for a certain second-level spectrum management device are also unmanaged secondary systems.
- FIG. 12 shows an information flow diagram of an example in which the first-stage spectrum management apparatus provides related information of the free node to the second-level spectrum management apparatus.
- both the managed secondary system and the unmanaged secondary system send a spectrum resource request to the first-level spectrum management apparatus
- the first-level spectrum management apparatus informs the available spectrum resources, and provides the coherent information of the unmanaged secondary system to the first Secondary spectrum management device.
- the unmanaged secondary system then communicates with the available spectrum resources it obtains.
- the managed secondary system transmits the obtained information of the available spectrum resources and the spectrum usage optimization request to the second-level spectrum management device under management thereof, and the second-level spectrum management device sends the formulated available spectrum resource usage policy to the managed Secondary system.
- Figure 13 shows an information flow diagram of the manner in which related information of a free node is communicated via a managed secondary system. Similar to Figure 12, both the managed secondary system and the unmanaged secondary system send spectrum resource requests to the first level of spectrum management devices, and the first level spectrum management device informs them of available spectrum resources. Unlike FIG. 12, the first level spectrum management apparatus also informs the managed secondary system of information about the free nodes around the managed secondary system. Subsequently, the information about the surrounding free nodes obtained by the managed subsystem is transmitted to the second level spectrum management device.
- FIG. 14 shows a functional block diagram of an electronic device 200 for wireless communication according to another embodiment of the present application.
- the electronic device 200 includes: a determining unit 201 configured to pass each node The neighbor nodes determine the neighbor relationship between the nodes according to the order from the near to the far; the determining unit 202 is configured to determine whether the neighbor relationship changes; and the allocating unit 203 is configured to be based on the change of the neighbor relationship, based on The changed neighbor relationship redistributes the spectrum resources for the nodes.
- the determining unit 201, the determining unit 202 and the allocating unit 203 can be implemented by one or more processing circuits, which can be implemented, for example, as a chip.
- the electronic device 200 can be located on the spectrum management device side or communicably connected to the spectrum management device. In addition, the electronic device 200 can also be located on the node side, such as the manager side in the fleet.
- the electronic device 100 makes it possible to perform spectrum allocation based only on neighbor relationships between nodes, reducing system overhead. If the neighbor relationship between the nodes does not change, the previous spectrum allocation scheme can be used without spectral redistribution.
- the determining unit 201 can perform sorting according to the relative positional relationship between the nodes.
- the determining unit 201 may perform sorting based on the signal strength from the node received by the neighboring node.
- the relative positional relationship can be represented by the relative speed between the nodes.
- the determining unit 201 may calculate the relative speed between the nodes based on the moving direction and the moving speed of each node, or acquire the relative speed of the node from the node with respect to the other node. The relevant details are described in detail in the first embodiment and will not be repeated here.
- the determining unit 201 can also determine the period of the neighbor relationship change based on the relative speed and the density of the node, and the judging unit 202 judges in the period. Specifically, the distance between adjacent nodes can be calculated based on the density of the nodes, and the distance divided by the relative speed can obtain the period of the neighbor relationship change. In this way, changes in neighbor relationships can be monitored periodically without real-time monitoring, further reducing system overhead.
- one of the nodes can be the manager of the fleet, while the other nodes are members of the fleet.
- the allocating unit 203 can be configured to reallocate the spectrum resources only for the nodes involved in the change in the case where the neighbor relationship changes, thereby balancing the stability of spectrum usage and the efficiency of spectrum use.
- the determining unit 201 may be further configured to set a spectrum sensing threshold for each node based on the neighbor relationship. For example, the determining unit 201 may set a spectrum sensing threshold lower than a predetermined threshold for the first N neighbor nodes of the specific node, where N is a positive integer. For example, for a particular node for which a discrete exclusive area of size N is set, the spectrum sensing thresholds of its first N neighbor nodes may be set lower than a predetermined threshold to automatically stop spectrum usage.
- FIG. 15 shows a flowchart of a method for wireless communication according to an embodiment of the present application, the method comprising: determining a distribution of nodes within a management area of a spectrum management apparatus (S11); obtaining a node based on the distribution a distribution model of cumulative interference from other nodes in the node received by a particular node in the node (S12); and determining an exclusive region of the specific node based on the distribution model and an interference tolerance upper limit of the specific node, wherein the exclusive region is in the exclusive region
- the number of nodes is represented (S13).
- the distribution of nodes includes one or more of the following: the location distribution model of the nodes, the density of the nodes, and the number of nodes.
- a statistical parameter of the cumulative interference may be calculated based on the distribution of the nodes, and a distribution model is obtained based on the statistical parameter, wherein the statistical parameters of the cumulative interference are respectively functions of the exclusive region.
- the statistical parameter of cumulative interference is the mean and variance of cumulative interference.
- the distribution model may also be obtained based on the channel fading index and the transmission power of the node.
- the aggregated interference of the free node to the specific node that is not managed by the spectrum management apparatus may be acquired in step S12, and the aggregated interference is removed from the interference allowable upper limit of the specific node in step S13 to obtain the specific node.
- the actual interference tolerance upper limit is determined based on the actual interference tolerance upper limit and the distribution model.
- the aggregated interference of a free node to a particular node can be calculated based on the location distribution, density, and number of free nodes, and the spectrum usage information of the free nodes.
- Information about the free node can be obtained from the second spectrum management device managing the free node.
- the related information of the free node may be acquired for the node managed by the spectrum management device, wherein the related information of the free node is provided by the second spectrum management device managing the free node to the node managed by the spectrum management device.
- the foregoing method may further include: Step S14: implementing an exclusive area, where implementing the exclusive area may include determining, between the nodes, the neighbor nodes of the specific node according to the order from the near to the far. A neighbor relationship, and a neighboring node in the exclusive area is allocated a different spectrum resource than the specific node based on the neighbor relationship.
- the spectrum resource is re-allocated for the node based on the changed neighbor relationship.
- sorting may be performed according to a relative positional relationship between the neighboring node and the specific node.
- the ordering can also be based on the signal strength from a particular node received by the neighboring node.
- the relative positional relationship can be expressed by the relative speed between the nodes.
- the relative speed between nodes can be calculated based on the moving direction and moving speed of each node, or the relative speed of the node relative to another node can be obtained from the node.
- the period of the neighbor relationship change can also be determined according to the relative speed and the density of the nodes.
- a particular node is the manager of the fleet and the other nodes are members of the fleet.
- 16 shows a flowchart of a method for wireless communication according to another embodiment of the present application, which includes determining a neighbor relationship between nodes by sorting neighbor nodes of each node in order from near to far. (S21); determining whether the neighbor relationship has changed (S22); and, in the case where the neighbor relationship changes, reallocating the spectrum resource for the node based on the changed neighbor relationship (S23).
- the electronic device 100 or 200 can be implemented as any type of server, such as a tower server, a rack server, and a blade server.
- the electronic device 100 or 200 may be a control module mounted on a server (such as an integrated circuit module including a single wafer, and a card or blade inserted into a slot of the blade server).
- FIG. 17 is a block diagram showing an example of a schematic configuration of a server 700 to which the technology of the present disclosure can be applied.
- Server 700 includes a processor 701, a memory 702, a storage device 703, a network interface 704, and a bus 706.
- the processor 701 can be, for example, a central processing unit (CPU) or a digital signal processor (DSP) and controls the functionality of the server 700.
- the memory 702 includes random access memory (RAM) and read only memory (ROM), and stores data and programs executed by the processor 701.
- the storage device 703 may include a storage medium such as a semiconductor memory and a hard disk.
- Network interface 704 is a communication interface for connecting server 700 to communication network 705.
- Communication network 705 can be a core network such as an Evolved Packet Core Network (EPC) or a packet data network (PDN) such as the Internet.
- EPC Evolved Packet Core Network
- PDN packet data network
- the bus 706 connects the processor 701, the memory 702, the storage device 703, and the network interface 704 to each other.
- Bus 706 can include two or more buses (such as a high speed bus and a low speed bus) each having a different speed.
- the judging unit 202, the allocating unit 203, and the like can be implemented by the processor 701.
- the processor 701 may determine a discrete exclusive area of a specific node by using the functions of the first determining unit 101, the obtaining unit 102, and the second determining unit 103, by implementing the determining unit 201, the determining unit 202, and the allocating unit 203. Spectrum allocation of neighbor relationships.
- the electronic device 200 can also be implemented as various base stations or user equipment.
- the present invention also proposes a program product for storing an instruction code readable by a machine.
- the instruction code is read and executed by a machine, the above-described method according to an embodiment of the present invention can be performed.
- a storage medium for carrying a program product storing the above-described storage machine readable instruction code is also included in the disclosure of the present invention.
- the storage medium includes, but is not limited to, a floppy disk, an optical disk, a magneto-optical disk, a memory card, a memory stick, and the like.
- a program constituting the software is installed from a storage medium or a network to a computer having a dedicated hardware structure (for example, the general-purpose computer 1800 shown in FIG. 18), which is installed with various programs. At the time, it is possible to perform various functions and the like.
- a central processing unit (CPU) 1801 executes various processes in accordance with a program stored in a read only memory (ROM) 1802 or a program loaded from a storage portion 1808 to a random access memory (RAM) 1803.
- ROM read only memory
- RAM random access memory
- data required when the CPU 1801 executes various processes and the like is also stored as needed.
- the CPU 1801, the ROM 1802, and the RAM 1803 are connected to each other via a bus 1804.
- Input/output interface 1805 is also coupled to bus 1804.
- the following components are connected to the input/output interface 1805: an input portion 1806 (including a keyboard, a mouse, etc.), an output portion 1807 (including a display such as a cathode ray tube (CRT), a liquid crystal display (LCD), etc., and a speaker, etc.),
- the storage portion 1808 (including a hard disk or the like), the communication portion 1809 (including a network interface card such as a LAN card, a modem, etc.).
- the communication section 1809 performs communication processing via a network such as the Internet.
- Driver 1810 can also be coupled to input/output interface 1805 as desired.
- a removable medium 1811 such as a magnetic disk, an optical disk, a magneto-optical disk, a semiconductor memory or the like is mounted on the drive 1810 as needed, so that the computer program read therefrom is installed into the storage portion 1808 as needed.
- a program constituting the software is installed from a network such as the Internet or a storage medium such as the removable medium 1811.
- such a storage medium is not limited to the removable medium 1811 shown in FIG. 18 in which a program is stored and distributed separately from the device to provide a program to the user.
- the removable medium 1811 include a magnetic disk (including a floppy disk (registered trademark)), an optical disk (including a compact disk read only memory (CD-ROM) and a digital versatile disk (DVD)), and a magneto-optical disk (including a mini disk (MD) (registered) Trademark)) and semiconductor memory.
- the storage medium may be a ROM 1802, a hard disk included in the storage portion 1808, or the like, in which programs are stored, and distributed to the user together with the device containing them.
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Abstract
本申请提供了一种用于无线通信的电子设备、方法和计算机可读存储介质,该电子设备包括:处理电路,被配置为:确定频谱管理装置的管理区域内的节点的分布情况;基于所述分布情况获得所述节点中的特定节点受到的来自所述节点中的其他节点的累积干扰的分布模型;以及基于所述分布模型和所述特定节点的干扰容许上限来确定所述特定节点的排他区域,其中所述排他区域用所述排他区域中的节点的个数表示。
Description
本申请要求于2018年3月9日提交中国专利局、申请号为201810195374.1、发明名称为“用于无线通信的电子设备、方法和计算机可读存储介质”的中国专利申请的优先权,其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
本发明的实施例总体上涉及无线通信领域,具体地涉及一种频谱分配技术,更具体地涉及用于无线通信的电子设备、方法和计算机可读存储介质。
随着无线通信技术的发展,用户对高品质、高速度、新服务的服务需求越来越高。无线通讯运营商和设备商要不断改进***以满足用户的需求。这需要大量的频谱资源来支持不断出现的新服务和满足高速通信需求,频谱资源例如可以用时间、频率、带宽、可容许最大发射功率等参数来量化。
目前,有限的频谱资源已经分配给固定的运营商和服务,新的可用频谱是非常稀少的或者是价格昂贵的。在这种情况下,提出了动态频谱利用的概念,即动态地利用那些已经分配给某些服务但是却没有被充分利用的频谱资源。
例如,动态地利用数字电视广播频谱上某些没有播放节目的频道的频谱或者相邻频道的频谱,在不干扰电视信号接收的情况下,进行无线移动移动通信。在该示例中,由于电视广播频谱本身就是分配给电视广播***使用的,因此电视广播***就是主***(primary system),电视机就是主用户(primary user)。相应地,移动通信***就是次***(secondary system),移动通信***中的接收机就是次用户(secondary user)。这里,主***可以是指那些有频谱使用权的***,例如电视广播***;而次***则是没有频谱使用权,只在主***不用其所拥有频谱的时候适当地使用该频谱的***。另外,主次***也可以是同时具有频谱 使用权的***,但是在频谱使用上有不同的优先级别。例如,运营商在部署新的基站以提供新服务的时候,已有基站以及提供的服务具有频谱使用优先权。
主***由主用户基站(primary user base station)与主用户组成。次***由次用户基站(secondary user base station)与次用户组成。次用户基站与一个或多个次用户间,或者多个次用户间的通信构成一个次***。
这种主次***共存的通信方式要求次***的应用对主***的应用不造成不良影响,或者说次***的频谱利用所造成的影响能被控制在主***容许的范围之内。例如,当有多个次***的时候,次***的聚合干扰不能超过主***的干扰容许范围。
此外,还可以对其他频段比如授权给雷达***的3.5GHz频段等进行动态利用。
发明内容
在下文中给出了关于本发明的简要概述,以便提供关于本发明的某些方面的基本理解。应当理解,这个概述并不是关于本发明的穷举性概述。它并不是意图确定本发明的关键或重要部分,也不是意图限定本发明的范围。其目的仅仅是以简化的形式给出某些概念,以此作为稍后论述的更详细描述的前序。
根据本申请的一个方面,提供了一种用于无线通信的电子设备,包括:处理电路,被配置为:确定频谱管理装置的管理区域内的节点的分布情况;基于该分布情况获得所述节点中的特定节点受到的来自所述节点中的其他节点的累积干扰的分布模型;以及基于分布模型和特定节点的干扰容许上限来确定特定节点的排他区域,其中排他区域用排他区域中的节点的个数表示。
根据本申请的另一个方面,提供了一种用于无线通信的方法,包括:确定频谱管理装置的管理区域内的节点的分布情况;基于该分布情况获得所述节点中的特定节点受到的来自所述节点中的其他节点的累积干扰的分布模型;以及基于分布模型和特定节点的干扰容许上限来确定特定 节点的排他区域,其中排他区域用排他区域中的节点的个数表示。
根据本申请的上述方面的电子设备和方法,能够根据累计干扰的分布模型来确定特定节点的用离散数值表示的排他区域,从而可以获得稳定的排他区域,提高***稳定性,提高频谱利用效率。
根据本申请的另一个方面,提供了一种用于无线通信的电子设备,包括:处理电路,被配置为:通过对每一个节点的邻居节点按照从近到远进行排序而确定节点间的邻居关系;判断邻居关系是否发生变化;以及在邻居关系发生变化的情况下,基于变化后的邻居关系为节点重新分配频谱资源。
根据本申请的另一个方面,提供了一种用于无线通信的方法,包括:通过对每一个节点的邻居节点按照从近到远进行排序而确定节点间的邻居关系;判断邻居关系是否发生变化;以及在邻居关系发生变化的情况下,基于变化后的邻居关系为节点重新分配频谱资源。
根据本申请的上述方面的电子设备和方法能够根据邻居关系的变化来进行频谱资源的分配,降低***开销,提高频谱利用效率。
依据本发明的其它方面,还提供了用于实现上述用于无线通信的方法的计算机程序代码和计算机程序产品以及其上记录有该用于实现上述用于无线通信的方法的计算机程序代码的计算机可读存储介质。
通过以下结合附图对本发明的优选实施例的详细说明,本发明的这些以及其他优点将更加明显。
为了进一步阐述本发明的以上和其它优点和特征,下面结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步详细的说明。所述附图连同下面的详细说明一起包含在本说明书中并且形成本说明书的一部分。具有相同的功能和结构的元件用相同的参考标号表示。应当理解,这些附图仅描述本发明的典型示例,而不应看作是对本发明的范围的限定。在附图中:
图1示出了***场景的一个示例;
图2示出了根据本申请的一个实施例的用于无线通信的电子设备的功能模块框图;
图3示出了频谱管理装置的管理区域的一个示意性示例;
图4示出了在不同的排他区域的情况下,采用仿真获得的特定节点处的累积干扰的均值与采用本申请的公式计算的累积干扰的均值的比较的曲线图;
图5示出了在不同的排他区域的情况下,采用仿真获得的特定节点处的累积干扰的标准差(方差的算术平方根)与采用本申请的公式计算的累积干扰的标准差的比较的曲线图;
图6示出了累积干扰的概率密度函数(PDF)的一个示例;
图7示出了累积干扰的累积分布函数(CDF)的一个示例;
图8示出了在对特定节点的累积干扰的均值相同的情况下,采用现有的基于地理位置的排他区域(GEZ)与采用本申请的离散排他区域(DEZ),在排他区域外的节点的个数;
图9示出了根据本申请的一个实施例的用于无线通信的电子设备的功能模块框图;
图10示出了车队的场景的示意图;
图11示出了车辆间的邻居关系;
图12示出了第一级频谱管理装置将自由节点的相关信息提供给第二级频谱管理装置的示例的信息流程图;
图13示出了自由节点的相关信息经由受管理次***进行传递的方式的信息流程图;
图14示出了根据本申请的一个实施例的用于无线通信的电子设备的功能模块框图;
图15示出了根据本申请的一个实施例的用于无线通信的方法的流程图;
图16示出了根据本申请的一个实施例的用于无线通信的方法的流程图;
图17是示出可以应用本公开内容的技术的服务器700的示意性配置的示例的框图;以及
图18是其中可以实现根据本发明的实施例的方法和/或装置和/或***的通用个人计算机的示例性结构的框图。
在下文中将结合附图对本发明的示范性实施例进行描述。为了清楚和简明起见,在说明书中并未描述实际实施方式的所有特征。然而,应该了解,在开发任何这种实际实施例的过程中必须做出很多特定于实施方式的决定,以便实现开发人员的具体目标,例如,符合与***及业务相关的那些限制条件,并且这些限制条件可能会随着实施方式的不同而有所改变。此外,还应该了解,虽然开发工作有可能是非常复杂和费时的,但对得益于本公开内容的本领域技术人员来说,这种开发工作仅仅是例行的任务。
在此,还需要说明的一点是,为了避免因不必要的细节而模糊了本发明,在附图中仅仅示出了与根据本发明的方案密切相关的设备结构和/或处理步骤,而省略了与本发明关系不大的其他细节。
<第一实施例>
如前所述,应该控制次***对主***的频谱资源的使用所造成的影响,以使其保持在主***容许的范围内。例如,可以使用在主***周围设定排他区域(也称为保护区域)的方式,即,不允许排他区域中的次***使用与主***相同的频谱资源。此外,除了主***之外,也可以针对高优先级的次***设置排他区域,以保证其对频谱的使用,即保证实现其期望的通信质量或频谱使用效率等。例如,如图1所示,频谱管理装置的管理范围内包括许多LTE多模小基站,它们可以同时使用现有的LTE频段以及新频段比如3.5GHz。这些小基站利用现有的LTE频段提供无线接入网络服务,例如家用无线网络。此外,当有需要时还可以利用额外的频谱资源比如3.5GHz频段来增加***带宽以提供额外服务,比如电视视频传输。当发生紧急情况的时候,某些小基站为救援队员提供足够的带宽从事视频传输。此时,该小基站的频谱使用优先级为高,可以为其设置排他区域以保证其频谱使用效率。
图2示出了根据本申请的一个实施例的用于无线通信的电子设备100的功能模块框图,如图2所示,电子设备100包括:第一确定单元101,被配置为确定频谱管理装置的管理区域内的节点的分布;获取单元102,被配置为基于该分布获得节点中的特定节点受到的来自节点中的其他节点的累积干扰的分布模型;以及第二确定单元103,被配置为基于分布模型和特定节点的干扰容许上限来确定特定节点的排他区域,其中排他区域用排他区域中的节点的个数表示。
其中,第一确定单元101、获取单元102和第二确定单元103可以由一个或多个处理电路实现,该处理电路例如可以实现为芯片。电子设备100例如可以位于频谱管理装置侧,或者可通信地连接到频谱管理装置。频谱管理装置例如可以实现为频谱访问***(Spectrum Access System,SAS)、共存管理器(Coexistence Manager,CxM)、地理位置数据库(geographic location database,GLDB)或者中央控制器和协调器实体(Central Controller and Coordinator(C3)Instance)等。
图3示出了频谱管理装置的管理区域的一个示意性示例。其中,每个通信***用一个三角形示出并用上面标识的数字代表,每个通信***可以是由基站和用户设备组成的服务小区(如通信***9,详细示出在右上角的椭圆中),也可以是由多个终端组成的通信配对(D2D)。这些通信***均可以使用一个共同的频段,并且可以分别具有不同的频谱使用优先级。
本申请中的节点可以指的是通信***中的基站、用户设备或者基站和用户设备。
图3中以***0为例,示出了***0的排他区域的一种示意性示例,位于该排他区域中的***1和2不能使用与***0相同的频谱资源进行通信。
而在本实施例中,排他区域是用离散的数值表示的,下文中也将其称为离散排他区域(discrete exclusion zone,DEZ)。
具体地,第一确定单元101确定频谱管理装置的管理区域中的节点的分布情况。例如,第一确定单元101可以通过访问GLDB或者根据频谱管理装置自身存储的主***和次***的相关信息,来确定该分布情况。在一个示例中,节点的分布情况包括:节点的位置分布模型、节点的密 度、节点的数量。例如,节点的位置分布模型可以采用泊松分布或者其他模型。
针对管理区域中的节点中的特定节点比如主***中的基站或用户设备或者优先级高的次***中的基站或用户设备,获取单元102基于上述分布获得该特定节点受到其他节点的累积干扰的分布模型。例如,该分布模型可以用函数来表示。
在一个示例中,获取单元102基于节点的分布计算累积干扰的统计参数,并基于该统计参数来获得分布模型,其中,累积干扰的统计参数分别为排他区域的函数。
例如,累积干扰的统计参数为累积干扰的均值和方差。获取单元102在获得分布模型时还可以利用信道衰落指数和节点的发射功率。
下面假定节点的分布为m维泊松分布来计算其他节点对特定节点的累积干扰的均值和方差。应该理解,这仅是一个示例,节点的分布也可以为其他模型,并且获取单元102可以进行类似的计算。
在该示例中,使用无边界路径损耗模型,其中其他节点对特定节点的干扰仅由路径损耗决定,如下式(1)所示。
其中,n表示其他节点中的第n个节点,R
n为第n个节点与特定节点之间的距离,α为信道衰落指数。其他节点对特定节点的干扰是n个节点干扰的集合。
当离散排他区域为k时,累积干扰可表示为:
已知对于n∈Φ(其中,Φ表示自然数集合),R
n的分布为广义伽马分布:
其中,c
mr
m为半径为r的m维球体的体积,λ为节点的密度。
式(5)中的积分部分类似于伽马函数的定义,并且仅在n-1-α/m>-1、即n>α/m的情况下收敛,由于α/m>1,因此必须去除最近的节点(即,n=1的节点)。在该条件下,获得下式(6):
假设k为表示排他区域的大小的数值,且k>α/m>1,则排他区域以外的节点对特定节点造成的累积干扰为有限值,可以计算如下:
其中,N为节点总数,β=α/m,C
m=π,且节点的发射功率均假定为1。
此外,累积干扰的方差为:
其中,
可以看出,上述均值和方差均为排他区域k的函数。通过使用上式(7)至(11),可以计算设置不同的排他区域的情况下特定节点所受到的排他区域以外的节点的累积干扰的均值和方差。
图4分别示出了在不同的排他区域的情况下,采用仿真获得的特定节点处的累积干扰的均值与采用式(7)计算的累积干扰的均值的比较的 曲线图。类似地,图5分别示出了在不同的排他区域的情况下,采用仿真获得的特定节点处的累积干扰的标准差(方差的算术平方根)与采用式(9)计算的累积干扰的标准差的比较的曲线图。
可以看出,采用本申请的公式计算的累积干扰的均值和标准差与仿真所获得的结果具有高度的一致性,从而进一步证明了本申请的公式的正确性。
在一个示例中,获得了累积干扰的均值和方差之后,获取单元102可以基于该均值和方差,使用特定分布比如高斯分布或伽马分布来表示累积干扰的特征函数,比如概率密度函数(PDF)和/或累积分布函数(CDF)。应该理解,高斯分布和伽马分布仅是一个示例,还可以适当地使用具有类似的曲线形式的其他分布。
图6示出了在排他区域k=10,N=100,α=4且λ=0.01的情况下,累积干扰的PDF的曲线,其中圆圈代表仿真结果,虚线代表采用高斯分布的结果,实线代表采用伽马分布的结果。图7示出了在排他区域k分别为5、10和15,α=4且λ=0.01的情况下,累积干扰的CDF的曲线,其中×代表仿真结果,虚线代表采用高斯分布的结果,实线代表采用伽马分布的结果。可以看出,采用基于本申请的公式的结果进行拟合所获得的分布与仿真所获得的分布具有高度的一致性。
进一步地,第二确定单元103可以基于获得的分布模型和特定节点的干扰容许上限来确定排他区域k。在上述示例中,分布模型例如用获得的CDF表示,第二确定单元103根据该CDF和特定节点所容许的累积干扰的数值来确定k,比如确定累积干扰为干扰容许上限的概率超过预定值的CDF曲线对应的k为特定节点的排他区域。
可以理解,采用本申请的基于分布模型计算的方式,一方面可以降低计算负荷,另一方面能够保证排他区域的稳定性,从而保证频谱利用效率。此外,还可以为位于排他区域的边缘部分的节点对于频谱资源的使用提供保障,换言之,即使这些节点在小范围内移动时,也不会出现频繁的频谱切换,从而提高了通信质量。
图8示出了在对特定节点的累积干扰的均值相同的情况下,采用现有的基于地理位置的排他区域(GEZ)与采用本申请的离散排他区域(DEZ),在排他区域外的节点的个数。可以看出,采用本申请的DEZ, 当均值不变时,排他区域外的操作节点的个数是固定的,但是采用现有的GEZ,会造成排他区域外的操作节点的个数的上下浮动,从而引起***波动。
此外,如图9所示,电子设备100还可以包括:实施单元104,被配置为实施排他区域,包括:对特定节点的邻居节点按照从近到远进行排序而确定节点间的邻居关系,并基于该邻居关系为排他区域内的邻居节点分配与特定节点不同的频谱资源。
其中,实施单元104可以由一个或多个处理电路实现,该处理电路例如可以实现为芯片。
在第二确定单元103确定了排他区域的情况下,实施单元104用于具体地确定哪些节点位于排他区域内,从而为这些节点分配与特定节点不同的频谱资源。由于排他区域中的节点都是距离特定节点较近的节点,因此可以仅考虑特定节点的邻居节点,邻居节点例如可以限定为与特定节点的距离在预定范围内的节点,或者特定节点能够检测到的其信号的强度在预定单位内的节点。通过对邻居节点按照从近到远进行排序,可以确定包括特定节点和邻居节点的集合中的所有节点间的邻居关系,即其中的任意一个节点与哪个或哪些节点相邻。例如,当特定节点为节点0时,如图3所示,其邻居节点按从近到远排序为1、2、3、4……,则认为节点0与节点1相邻,节点1与节点1和节点2相邻,以此类推。
在一个示例中,实施单元104被配置为根据邻居节点与特定节点的相对位置关系来进行排序。由于各个节点的地理位置信息是已知的,因此可以获得邻居节点相对于特定节点的相对位置关系比如邻居节点与特定节点间的距离,从而进行排序。
在另一个示例中,实施单元104被配置为基于邻居节点所接收的来自特定节点的信号强度来进行排序。具体地,在确定特定节点的频谱使用后,可以令邻居节点对特定节点发射的信号强度进行测量,然后上报测量结果,实施单元104根据测量结果进行排序。
此外,实施单元104还可以被配置为在邻居关系发生变化时,基于变化后的邻居关系为节点重新分配频谱资源。换言之,如果邻居关系未发生变化,则可以继续使用当前的频谱分配设置。
例如,在基于邻居节点与特定节点的相对位置关系进行排序的情况 下,如果节点间较少存在相对移动,比如车队(platooning)场景下,相对位置关系可以用节点间的相对速度来表示,当某一节点相对于特定节点或其他节点的相对速度发生变化时,可能会发生相对位置关系的变化。其中,实施单元104可以基于各个节点的移动方向和移动速度来计算节点间的相对速度,或者从节点获取该节点相对于另一节点的相对速度。此时,结合节点间的距离,即可以判定邻居关系是否会发生变化,并且对发生变化的时间点进行预判。在这种情况下,实施单元104还可以根据相对速度和节点的密度来确定邻居关系变化的周期,从而周期性地进行频谱分配。具体地,基于节点的密度可以计算相邻节点间的距离,该距离除以相对速度则可以获得邻居关系变化的周期。
作为一种应用示例,特定节点可以为车队的管理者(leader),其他节点为车队的成员(member)。车队的场景如图10所示,V1为车队管理者,V2至V4为车队成员。其中,V1和V2为要保护的节点,即上文中所述的特定节点,要为其设置排他区域。并且,基于分布模型计算的排他区域大小为1,即,从第2个邻居节点开始可以复用V1(或V2)的频谱资源。
图11示出了车辆间的邻居关系。车辆V1的邻居关系为V2、V3、V4,因此,第一个邻居节点V2不能使用V1所使用的频段f1,车辆V2的邻居关系为V3、V1、V4,因此车辆V3不能使用V2所使用的频段f2。
应该理解,这仅是一个应用示例,本申请的应用并不限于此。
此外,实施单元104还可以被配置成为排他区域中的节点设置低于预定阈值的频谱感知门限。这样,当排他区域中的节点进行频谱感知时,总是会发现频谱被占用,从而在特定节点使用频谱资源时自动停止频谱使用,以降低不必要的***开销。或者,电子设备100也可以向排他区域中的节点发送停止频谱使用的指令。
在另一个示例中,获取单元102还被配置为获取不受本频谱管理装置管理的自由节点对特定节点的聚合干扰,第二确定单元103被配置为从特定节点的干扰容许上限中去除该聚合干扰以获得特定节点的实际干扰容许上限,并基于该实际干扰容许上限和分布模型来确定排他区域。应该理解,这里所述的自由节点可以由其他频谱管理装置进行管理。
在本频谱管理装置管理的区域中,可能存在由其他频谱管理装置管 理的节点,这些节点对于本频谱管理装置而言是自由的。但是,当自由节点使用与特定节点相同的频谱资源时,同样会对特定节点产生干扰,而这一部分干扰并没有反映在上述分布模型中。因此,需要从干扰容许上限中去除这一部分干扰,从而确保所计算的排他区域的准确性。
例如,获取单元102可以基于自由节点的位置分布、密度和数量以及自由节点的频谱使用信息,来计算自由节点对特定节点的聚合干扰。
获取单元102可以从管理自由节点的第二频谱管理装置获取自由节点的相关信息,包括但不限于自由节点的位置分布、密度和数量以及自由节点的频谱使用信息。可替选地,获取单元102还可以从本频谱管理装置管理的节点获取自由节点的相关信息,其中,自由节点的相关信息由管理自由节点的第二频谱管理装置提供给本频谱管理装置管理的节点。
在考虑基于GLDB的***架构的情况下,例如在利用TV频段或者3.5GHz频段的***架构中,存在两级频谱管理装置,其中,第一级频谱管理装置为计算对主***干扰的GLDB,第二级频谱管理装置为共存管理装置(如CxM)。有些次***可以选择连接第二级频谱管理装置成为受管理次***,而有些次***则不连接第二级频谱管理装置,而仅在从第一级频谱管理装置获取可用频谱资源后就开始使用频段,这些***为不受管理次***,其基站或用户设备即为本申请中所述的自由节点。此外,当有多个第二级频谱管理装置的时候,对于某一个第二级频谱管理装置而言其他频谱管理装置管理的次***也为不受管理次***。
图12示出了第一级频谱管理装置将自由节点的相关信息提供给第二级频谱管理装置的示例的信息流程图。其中,受管理次***和不受管理次***均向第一级频谱管理装置发送频谱资源请求,第一级频谱管理装置告知其可用频谱资源,并且将不受管理次***的相干信息提供给第二级频谱管理装置。随后,不受管理次***使用其获得的可用频谱资源进行通信。受管理次***将所获得的可用频谱资源的信息以及频谱使用优化请求发送给受其管理的第二级频谱管理装置,第二级频谱管理装置将制定的可用频谱资源使用策略发送给这些受管理次***。
图13示出了自由节点的相关信息经由受管理次***进行传递的方式的信息流程图。与图12类似地,受管理次***和不受管理次***均向 第一级频谱管理装置发送频谱资源请求,第一级频谱管理装置告知其可用频谱资源。与图12不同地,第一级频谱管理装置还将受管理次***周围的自由节点的相关信息告知受管理次***。随后,由受管理次***将获得的周围的自由节点的相关信息发送给第二级频谱管理装置。
如前所述,通过考虑自由节点的聚合干扰,可以更准确地确定特定节点的排他区域,提高通信质量。
<第二实施例>
图14示出了根据本申请的另一个实施例的用于无线通信的电子设备200的功能模块框图,如图14所示,电子设备200包括:确定单元201,被配置为通过对每一个节点的邻居节点按照从近到远进行排序而确定节点间的邻居关系;判断单元202,被配置为判断邻居关系是否发生变化;以及分配单元203,被配置为在邻居关系发生变化的情况下,基于变化后的邻居关系为节点重新分配频谱资源。
其中,确定单元201、判断单元202和分配单元203可以由一个或多个处理电路实现,该处理电路例如可以实现为芯片。电子设备200可以位于频谱管理装置侧或可通信地连接到频谱管理装置。此外,电子设备200也可以位于节点侧,比如车队中的管理者侧。
该电子设备100使得可以仅基于节点间的邻居关系来进行频谱分配,降低了***开销。如果节点间的邻居关系不发生变化,则可以沿用之前的频谱分配方案,而不需要进行频谱再分配。
例如,确定单元201可以根据节点间的相对位置关系来进行排序。或者,确定单元201可以基于邻居节点所接收的来自节点的信号强度来进行排序。
在一个示例中,相对位置关系可以用节点间的相对速度来表示。例如,确定单元201可以基于各个节点的移动方向和移动速度来计算节点间的相对速度,或者从节点获取该节点相对另一节点的相对速度。有关的细节在第一实施例中进行了详细的描述,在此不再重复。
此外,确定单元201还可以根据相对速度和节点的密度来确定邻居关系变化的周期,并且判断单元202以该周期进行判断。具体地,基于 节点的密度可以计算相邻节点间的距离,该距离除以相对速度则可以获得邻居关系变化的周期。这样,可以周期性地监测邻居关系的变化而不需要进行实时监测,进一步降低了***开销。
作为一个应用示例,节点中的一个可以为车队的管理者,而其他节点为该车队的成员。
分配单元203可以被配置为在邻居关系发生变化的情况下,仅为该变化所涉及的节点重新分配频谱资源,从而兼顾了频谱使用的稳定性和频谱使用效率。
此外,确定单元201还可以被配置为基于邻居关系为各个节点设置频谱感知门限。例如,确定单元201可以为特定节点的前N个邻居节点设置低于预定阈值的频谱感知门限,N为正整数。比如,针对为其设定了大小为N的离散排他区域的特定节点,可以将其前N个邻居节点的频谱感知门限设置地低于预定阈值,以使其自动停止频谱使用。
<第三实施例>
在上文的实施方式中描述用于无线通信的电子设备的过程中,显然还公开了一些处理或方法。下文中,在不重复上文中已经讨论的一些细节的情况下给出这些方法的概要,但是应当注意,虽然这些方法在描述用于无线通信的电子设备的过程中公开,但是这些方法不一定采用所描述的那些部件或不一定由那些部件执行。例如,用于无线通信的电子设备的实施方式可以部分地或完全地使用硬件和/或固件来实现,而下面讨论的用于无线通信的方法可以完全由计算机可执行的程序来实现,尽管这些方法也可以采用用于无线通信的电子设备的硬件和/或固件。
图15示出了根据本申请的一个实施例的用于无线通信的方法的流程图,该方法包括:确定频谱管理装置的管理区域内的节点的分布情况(S11);基于该分布情况获得节点中的特定节点受到的来自节点中的其他节点的累积干扰的分布模型(S12);以及基于该分布模型和特定节点的干扰容许上限来确定特定节点的排他区域,其中排他区域用排他区域中的节点的个数表示(S13)。
例如,节点的分布情况包括如下中的一个或多个:节点的位置分布 模型,节点的密度,节点的数量。
在步骤S12中,可以基于节点的分布计算累积干扰的统计参数,并基于该统计参数来获得分布模型,其中累积干扰的统计参数分别为排他区域的函数。例如,累积干扰的统计参数为累积干扰的均值和方差。此外,在步骤S12中,还可以基于信道衰落指数和节点的发射功率来获得分布模型。
在一个示例中,在步骤S12中还可以获取不受本频谱管理装置管理的自由节点对特定节点的聚合干扰,在步骤S13中从特定节点的干扰容许上限中去除该聚合干扰以获得特定节点的实际干扰容许上限,并基于该实际干扰容许上限和分布模型来确定排他区域。
例如,可以基于自由节点的位置分布、密度和数量以及自由节点的频谱使用信息,来计算自由节点对特定节点的聚合干扰。可以从管理自由节点的第二频谱管理装置获取自由节点的相关信息。或者,可以为从本频谱管理装置管理的节点获取自由节点的相关信息,其中,自由节点的相关信息由管理自由节点的第二频谱管理装置提供给本频谱管理装置管理的节点。
此外,如图15中的虚线框所示,上述方法还可以包括步骤S14:实施排他区域,其中,实施排他区域可以包括:对特定节点的邻居节点按照从近到远进行排序而确定节点间的邻居关系,并且基于邻居关系为排他区域内的邻居节点分配与特定节点不同的频谱资源。
例如,在邻居关系发生变化时,基于变化后的邻居关系为节点重新分配频谱资源。
在步骤S14中,可以根据邻居节点与特定节点的相对位置关系来进行排序。也可以基于邻居节点所接收的来自特定节点的信号强度来进行排序。例如,相对位置关系可以用节点间的相对速度来表示。可以基于各个节点的移动方向和移动速度来计算节点间的相对速度,或者从节点获取该节点相对另一节点的相对速度。
此外,还可以根据相对速度和节点的密度来确定邻居关系变化的周期。
在一个应用示例中,特定节点为车队的管理者,其他节点为该车队 的成员。
此外,还可以为排他区域中的节点设置低于预定阈值的频谱感知门限。
图16示出了根据本申请的另一个实施例的用于无线通信的方法的流程图,该方法包括:通过对每一个节点的邻居节点按照从近到远进行排序而确定节点间的邻居关系(S21);判断邻居关系是否发生变化(S22);以及在邻居关系发生变化的情况下,基于变化后的邻居关系为节点重新分配频谱资源(S23)。
注意,上述各个方法可以结合或单独使用,其细节在第一至第二实施例中已经进行了详细描述,在此不再重复。
本公开内容的技术能够应用于各种产品。例如,电子设备100或200可以被实现为任何类型的服务器,诸如塔式服务器、机架式服务器以及刀片式服务器。电子设备100或200可以为安装在服务器上的控制模块(诸如包括单个晶片的集成电路模块,以及***到刀片式服务器的槽中的卡或刀片(blade))。
[关于服务器的应用示例]
图17是示出可以应用本公开内容的技术的服务器700的示意性配置的示例的框图。服务器700包括处理器701、存储器702、存储装置703、网络接口704以及总线706。
处理器701可以为例如中央处理单元(CPU)或数字信号处理器(DSP),并且控制服务器700的功能。存储器702包括随机存取存储器(RAM)和只读存储器(ROM),并且存储数据和由处理器701执行的程序。存储装置703可以包括存储介质,诸如半导体存储器和硬盘。
网络接口704为用于将服务器700连接到通信网络705的通信接口。通信网络705可以为诸如演进分组核心网(EPC)的核心网或者诸如因特网的分组数据网络(PDN)。
总线706将处理器701、存储器702、存储装置703和网络接口704彼此连接。总线706可以包括各自具有不同速度的两个或更多个总线(诸如高速总线和低速总线)。
在图17所示的服务器700中,参照图2所描述的第一确定单元101、获取单元102、第二确定单元103,参照图9描述的实施单元104,参照图14描述的确定单元201、判断单元202、分配单元203等可以由处理器701实现。例如,处理器701可以通过第一确定单元101、获取单元102、第二确定单元103的功能来确定特定节点的离散的排他区域,通过执行确定单元201、判断单元202、分配单元203来实现基于邻居关系的频谱分配。
此外,电子设备200还可以被实现为各种基站或用户设备。
以上结合具体实施例描述了本发明的基本原理,但是,需要指出的是,对本领域的技术人员而言,能够理解本发明的方法和装置的全部或者任何步骤或部件,可以在任何计算装置(包括处理器、存储介质等)或者计算装置的网络中,以硬件、固件、软件或者其组合的形式实现,这是本领域的技术人员在阅读了本发明的描述的情况下利用其基本电路设计知识或者基本编程技能就能实现的。
而且,本发明还提出了一种存储有机器可读取的指令代码的程序产品。所述指令代码由机器读取并执行时,可执行上述根据本发明实施例的方法。
相应地,用于承载上述存储有机器可读取的指令代码的程序产品的存储介质也包括在本发明的公开中。所述存储介质包括但不限于软盘、光盘、磁光盘、存储卡、存储棒等等。
在通过软件或固件实现本发明的情况下,从存储介质或网络向具有专用硬件结构的计算机(例如图18所示的通用计算机1800)安装构成该软件的程序,该计算机在安装有各种程序时,能够执行各种功能等。
在图18中,中央处理单元(CPU)1801根据只读存储器(ROM)1802中存储的程序或从存储部分1808加载到随机存取存储器(RAM)1803的程序执行各种处理。在RAM 1803中,也根据需要存储当CPU 1801执行各种处理等等时所需的数据。CPU 1801、ROM 1802和RAM 1803经由总线1804彼此连接。输入/输出接口1805也连接到总线1804。
下述部件连接到输入/输出接口1805:输入部分1806(包括键盘、鼠标等等)、输出部分1807(包括显示器,比如阴极射线管(CRT)、液晶显示器(LCD)等,和扬声器等)、存储部分1808(包括硬盘等)、通 信部分1809(包括网络接口卡比如LAN卡、调制解调器等)。通信部分1809经由网络比如因特网执行通信处理。根据需要,驱动器1810也可连接到输入/输出接口1805。可移除介质1811比如磁盘、光盘、磁光盘、半导体存储器等等根据需要被安装在驱动器1810上,使得从中读出的计算机程序根据需要被安装到存储部分1808中。
在通过软件实现上述系列处理的情况下,从网络比如因特网或存储介质比如可移除介质1811安装构成软件的程序。
本领域的技术人员应当理解,这种存储介质不局限于图18所示的其中存储有程序、与设备相分离地分发以向用户提供程序的可移除介质1811。可移除介质1811的例子包含磁盘(包含软盘(注册商标))、光盘(包含光盘只读存储器(CD-ROM)和数字通用盘(DVD))、磁光盘(包含迷你盘(MD)(注册商标))和半导体存储器。或者,存储介质可以是ROM 1802、存储部分1808中包含的硬盘等等,其中存有程序,并且与包含它们的设备一起被分发给用户。
还需要指出的是,在本发明的装置、方法和***中,各部件或各步骤是可以分解和/或重新组合的。这些分解和/或重新组合应该视为本发明的等效方案。并且,执行上述系列处理的步骤可以自然地按照说明的顺序按时间顺序执行,但是并不需要一定按时间顺序执行。某些步骤可以并行或彼此独立地执行。
最后,还需要说明的是,术语“包括”、“包含”或者其任何其他变体意在涵盖非排他性的包含,从而使得包括一系列要素的过程、方法、物品或者设备不仅包括那些要素,而且还包括没有明确列出的其他要素,或者是还包括为这种过程、方法、物品或者设备所固有的要素。此外,在没有更多限制的情况下,由语句“包括一个……”限定的要素,并不排除在包括所述要素的过程、方法、物品或者设备中还存在另外的相同要素。
以上虽然结合附图详细描述了本发明的实施例,但是应当明白,上面所描述的实施方式只是用于说明本发明,而并不构成对本发明的限制。对于本领域的技术人员来说,可以对上述实施方式作出各种修改和变更而没有背离本发明的实质和范围。因此,本发明的范围仅由所附的权利要求及其等效含义来限定。
Claims (31)
- 一种用于无线通信的电子设备,包括:处理电路,被配置为:确定频谱管理装置的管理区域内的节点的分布情况;基于所述分布情况获得所述节点中的特定节点受到的来自所述节点中的其他节点的累积干扰的分布模型;以及基于所述分布模型和所述特定节点的干扰容许上限来确定所述特定节点的排他区域,其中所述排他区域用所述排他区域中的节点的个数表示。
- 根据权利要求1所述的电子设备,其中,所述节点的分布情况包括如下中的一个或多个:所述节点的位置分布模型,所述节点的密度,所述节点的数量。
- 根据权利要求1所述的电子设备,其中,所述处理电路还被配置为对所述特定节点的邻居节点按照从近到远进行排序而确定节点间的邻居关系。
- 根据权利要求3所述的电子设备,其中,所述处理电路被配置为根据所述邻居节点与所述特定节点的相对位置关系来进行所述排序。
- 根据权利要求3所述的电子设备,其中,所述处理电路被配置为基于所述邻居节点所接收的来自所述特定节点的信号强度来进行所述排序。
- 根据权利要求4所述的电子设备,其中,所述相对位置关系用节点间的相对速度来表示。
- 根据权利要求6所述的电子设备,其中,所述处理电路被配置为基于各个节点的移动方向和移动速度来计算节点间的相对速度,或者从节点获取该节点相对另一节点的相对速度。
- 根据权利要求6所述的电子设备,其中,所述处理电路还被配置为根据所述相对速度和所述节点的密度来确定邻居关系变化的周期。
- 根据权利要求3所述的电子设备,所述处理电路还被配置为通过 基于所述邻居关系为所述排他区域内的邻居节点分配与所述特定节点不同的频谱资源来实施所述排他区域;以及在所述邻居关系发生变化时,基于变化后的邻居关系为所述节点重新分配频谱资源。
- 根据权利要求1所述的电子设备,其中,所述处理电路被配置为基于所述节点的分布计算所述累积干扰的统计参数,并基于所述统计参数来获得所述分布模型,其中所述累积干扰的统计参数分别为所述排他区域的函数。
- 根据权利要求10所述的电子设备,其中,所述累积干扰的统计参数为所述累积干扰的均值和方差。
- 根据权利要求1所述的电子设备,其中,所述处理电路还被配置为基于信道衰落指数和所述节点的发射功率来获得所述分布模型。
- 根据权利要求1所述的电子设备,其中,所述特定节点为车队的管理者,所述其他节点为该车队的成员。
- 根据权利要求1所述的电子设备,其中,所述处理电路还被配置成为所述排他区域中的节点设置低于预定阈值的频谱感知门限。
- 根据权利要求1所述的电子设备,其中,所述处理电路还被配置为获取不受本频谱管理装置管理的自由节点对所述特定节点的聚合干扰,从所述特定节点的干扰容许上限中去除该聚合干扰以获得所述特定节点的实际干扰容许上限,并基于该实际干扰容许上限和所述分布模型来确定所述排他区域。
- 根据权利要求15所述的电子设备,其中,所述处理电路被配置为基于所述自由节点的位置分布、密度和数量以及所述自由节点的频谱使用信息,来计算所述自由节点对所述特定节点的聚合干扰。
- 根据权利要求15所述的电子设备,其中,所述处理电路被配置为从管理所述自由节点的第二频谱管理装置获取所述自由节点的相关信息。
- 根据权利要求15所述的电子设备,其中,所述处理电路被配置为从本频谱管理装置管理的节点获取所述自由节点的相关信息,其中,所述自由节点的相关信息由管理所述自由节点的第二频谱管理装置提供给本频谱管理装置管理的节点。
- 一种用于无线通信的电子设备,包括:处理电路,被配置为:通过对每一个节点的邻居节点按照从近到远进行排序而确定节点间的邻居关系;判断所述邻居关系是否发生变化;以及在所述邻居关系发生变化的情况下,基于变化后的邻居关系为所述节点重新分配频谱资源。
- 根据权利要求19所述的电子设备,其中,所述处理电路被配置为根据节点间的相对位置关系来进行所述排序。
- 根据权利要求19所述的电子设备,其中,所述处理电路被配置为基于所述邻居节点所接收的来自节点的信号强度来进行所述排序。
- 根据权利要求20所述的电子设备,其中,所述相对位置关系用节点间的相对速度来表示。
- 根据权利要求22所述的电子设备,其中,所述处理电路被配置为基于各个节点的移动方向和移动速度来计算节点间的相对速度,或者从节点获取该节点相对另一节点的相对速度。
- 根据权利要求22所述的电子设备,其中,所述处理电路还被配置为根据所述相对速度和所述节点的密度来确定邻居关系变化的周期,并以所述周期进行所述判断。
- 根据权利要求19所述的电子设备,其中,所述处理电路被配置为在所述邻居关系发生变化的情况下,仅为所述变化所涉及的节点重新分配频谱资源。
- 根据权利要求19所述的电子设备,其中,所述节点中的一个为车队的管理者,其他节点为该车队的成员。
- 根据权利要求19所述的电子设备,其中,所述处理电路还被配置基于所述邻居关系为各个节点设置频谱感知门限。
- 根据权利要求27所述的电子设备,其中,所述处理电路被配置成为特定节点的前N个邻居节点设置低于预定阈值的频谱感知门限,N为正整数。
- 一种用于无线通信的方法,包括:确定频谱管理装置的管理区域内的节点的分布;基于所述分布获得所述节点中的特定节点受到的来自所述节点中的其他节点的累积干扰的分布模型;以及基于所述分布模型和所述特定节点的干扰容许上限来确定所述特定节点的排他区域,其中所述排他区域用所述排他区域中的节点的个数表示。
- 一种用于无线通信的方法,包括:通过对每一个节点的邻居节点按照从近到远进行排序而确定节点间的邻居关系;判断所述邻居关系是否发生变化;以及在所述邻居关系发生变化的情况下,基于变化后的邻居关系为所述节点重新分配频谱资源。
- 一种计算机可读存储介质,其上存储有计算机可执行指令,当所述计算机可执行指令被执行时,执行根据权利要求29或30所述的用于无线通信的方法。
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CN103796211A (zh) * | 2014-03-07 | 2014-05-14 | 国家电网公司 | 一种认知无线网络中联合功率和信道分配方法 |
CN104010288A (zh) * | 2014-05-22 | 2014-08-27 | 上海交通大学 | 认知网络中基于定价的最优功率控制方法 |
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