WO2019166166A1 - Removal of the support structures from components produced by 3d printing - Google Patents

Removal of the support structures from components produced by 3d printing Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019166166A1
WO2019166166A1 PCT/EP2019/051972 EP2019051972W WO2019166166A1 WO 2019166166 A1 WO2019166166 A1 WO 2019166166A1 EP 2019051972 W EP2019051972 W EP 2019051972W WO 2019166166 A1 WO2019166166 A1 WO 2019166166A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
printed object
support structures
removal
printing
post
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2019/051972
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Emmanuel Conter
Matthias Herker
Bernhard Schimmer
Lars Reichelt
Michael Bauer
Original Assignee
Audi Ag
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Audi Ag filed Critical Audi Ag
Publication of WO2019166166A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019166166A1/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/60—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up
    • B22F10/62—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up by chemical means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/40—Structures for supporting workpieces or articles during manufacture and removed afterwards
    • B22F10/47—Structures for supporting workpieces or articles during manufacture and removed afterwards characterised by structural features
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/60—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up
    • B22F10/68—Cleaning or washing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/80—Plants, production lines or modules
    • B22F12/82—Combination of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/86—Serial processing with multiple devices grouped
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/80—Plants, production lines or modules
    • B22F12/88—Handling of additively manufactured products, e.g. by robots
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B29C64/188—Processes of additive manufacturing involving additional operations performed on the added layers, e.g. smoothing, grinding or thickness control
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
    • B33Y40/20—Post-treatment, e.g. curing, coating or polishing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y50/00—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
    • B33Y50/02—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y80/00—Products made by additive manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B08—CLEANING
    • B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
    • B08B3/00—Cleaning by methods involving the use or presence of liquid or steam
    • B08B3/04—Cleaning involving contact with liquid
    • B08B3/08—Cleaning involving contact with liquid the liquid having chemical or dissolving effect
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
    • B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2999/00—Aspects linked to processes or compositions used in powder metallurgy
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/12—Both compacting and sintering
    • B22F3/1208—Containers or coating used therefor
    • B22F3/1258—Container manufacturing
    • B22F3/1283—Container formed as an undeformable model eliminated after consolidation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/30—Auxiliary operations or equipment
    • B29C64/35—Cleaning
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/30—Auxiliary operations or equipment
    • B29C64/379—Handling of additively manufactured objects, e.g. using robots
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23F—NON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
    • C23F1/00—Etching metallic material by chemical means
    • C23F1/02—Local etching
    • C23F1/04—Chemical milling
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23F—NON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
    • C23F1/00—Etching metallic material by chemical means
    • C23F1/08—Apparatus, e.g. for photomechanical printing surfaces
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B19/00—Programme-control systems
    • G05B19/02—Programme-control systems electric
    • G05B19/18—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form
    • G05B19/4097—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form characterised by using design data to control NC machines, e.g. CAD/CAM
    • G05B19/4099—Surface or curve machining, making 3D objects, e.g. desktop manufacturing
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
    • G05B2219/30—Nc systems
    • G05B2219/45—Nc applications
    • G05B2219/45221—Edm, electrical discharge machining, electroerosion, ecm, chemical
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and a device for removing the support structures of 3D-printed components from metallic materials.
  • DE 10 2015 119 746 A1 discloses a method for producing a supporting structure for supporting a three-dimensional object, which is produced by successive selective hardening of building material layers from a hardenable building material by means of an energy beam.
  • the support structure comprises support elements on which an attack structure is formed, at which an electrochemical material removal (electrochemical machining, ECM) can be initiated or initiated.
  • ECM electrochemical machining
  • a current flow is generated between the attack structure and a removal tool, are released by the ionic components of the attack structure, whereby material is removed from this.
  • US 2012/018115 A1 discloses a method for 3D printing by selective laser melting, in which separating layers are produced between the base and the component and the individual components produced. The separation layers are removed with a suitable acid or by local melting.
  • DE 10 2015 115 821 A1 discloses a method for treating a surface of a molded part produced in a 3D printing method with a surface treatment agent, wherein holding means are arranged on the molded part, which is a treatment of the surface in a treatment room, e.g. a vessel with an etchant, allow, without the surface touches walls of the treatment room.
  • Holding means such as spacers or retaining pins, prevent that the molded parts to be treated on the bottom or on the side wall of the vessel are present or that touch several moldings to be treated.
  • Holding means and molded part can be designed in one piece and / or produced in one piece in the 3D printing process. Between the surface of the molded part and the holding means, a predetermined breaking point can be formed, at which the holding means after solving the surface of the molding with the etchant of the molded part is solvable.
  • the present invention has the object to provide a method and an apparatus available by which the manufacturing time is optimized in the additive construction of metal parts, in particular by shortening the reworking time, and the process is simplified.
  • the object is achieved by a method having the features of patent claim 1 and a device having the features of patent claim 5. Refinements and developments of the invention will become apparent from the dependent claims.
  • the inventive method is based on a chemical removal of the support structure. By immersing the metallic component in a corrosive liquid, a chemical post-processing is possible in which the thin support structure is removed or dissolved. By chemical support structure removal, the reworking time can be significantly shortened, especially when using a system according to the invention, which allows the automated support structure removal.
  • the invention relates to a method for aftertreatment of a 3D printed object made of a metal material, which is the 3D printing of the object with a shell-like oversize compared to its target geometry and then removing or dissolving the envelope-likeêtelf by temporarily immersing the 3D printed object in a corrosive liquid.
  • the inventive method is characterized in that the 3D printed object with shell-like oversize production-related internal and / or external column-like and not belonging to the target geometry support structures comprises.
  • the cross section of the support structures is dimensioned so that they are also removed or dissolved upon removal or dissolution of the envelope-like allowance at least in the transition region to the target geometry.
  • the support structures are dimensioned in their cross-section such that they are completely removed or dissolved upon removal of the envelope-like oversize.
  • the objects or moldings to be processed are produced in a generative or additive manufacturing process (3D printing process).
  • 3D printing process One example is the layered construction of metal parts by selective laser melting of metal powders (SLM process).
  • SLM process selective laser melting of metal powders
  • the surface of the molded part produced on production-related unevenness, which favor adhesion of dirt or impurities on the surface of the molding.
  • powder-based 3D printing can also a powder surrounding the molding will adhere to the surface of the molding or be fused to the surface, also resulting in a rough surface.
  • the rough or porous surface of the molding also has a negative effect on the feel of the molding.
  • the object to be post-treated is printed with a shell-like oversize relative to its target geometry and the surface of the object produced in a 3D printing process is smoothed by removing or dissolving the shell-like oversize using an etchant.
  • An etching medium attacks the object to be treated from all sides. Therefore, it is necessary to provide the component with an allowance during the data preparation, so that the target geometry can be achieved even after the reworking.
  • the etchant to be used depends essentially on the material or materials with which the object was made. It has to be taken into account that a different etching medium may have to be used for each starting material in order to achieve an optimal result.
  • the metal material is the material 1.2709 and the corrosive liquid is an aqueous solution of iron (III) chloride.
  • the metal material is aluminum and the corrosive liquid is caustic soda.
  • the present invention also provides an apparatus with which the machining of the components can be carried out with a finite amount of effort and with which a reproducible and controllable process can be designed, which enables an automated reworking.
  • the invention provides a safe, simple and flexible operation of the operation ready.
  • An object of the invention is a device for the post-treatment of 3D printed objects made of a metal material.
  • the apparatus comprises a first process chamber with an etching basin, a second process chamber with a sink, and a transport device for inserting and executing a 3D printed object to be post-processed into the etching basin and then inserting and removing it into the sink.
  • the device according to the invention comprises two process chambers.
  • the first process chamber includes an etching basin. This is filled in one embodiment of the device according to the invention with a corrosive liquid.
  • the etching basin has a heater for heating a liquid therein to a desired temperature.
  • the etching basin has flow nozzles for circulating a liquid contained therein. Generating a flow in the basin enables a stable and homogeneous etching process. In one embodiment, so-called mixing nozzles are used. The defined alignment of the nozzles allows a uniform circulation of the liquid and thus an optimal etching result.
  • the second process chamber includes a sink. This serves to flush the component.
  • the sink is filled with demineralized water.
  • the sink has flow nozzles for circulating a liquid therein.
  • the device according to the invention comprises a protective housing around the process chambers.
  • the device according to the invention comprises a set-up station.
  • the setup station is set up for the post-treated component is placed there in a basket that is specially designed for use in the method according to the invention.
  • the transport device comprises a grid-like transport basket, which can be immersed in the pelvis together with the 3D-printed object to be post-treated therein.
  • the transport device is set up for automatic, timed transport of the 3D printed objects.
  • the three process steps of setting, etching and rinsing are interlinked with a crane, which moves the component fully automatically between the different method steps.
  • the device comprises a control panel on which process parameters can be adjusted, e.g. the etching time and the temperature:
  • the device according to the invention allows the machining of metal parts with sizes of up to 400x400x400mm and a maximum weight of up to 200 kg.
  • the device according to the invention and the method according to the invention enable the removal of the support structures with a considerable saving of working time.
  • the process can be operated unmanned after its setting and represents an automation step of the rework of 3D printing components.
  • the device according to the invention and the method according to the invention also open up new design possibilities for metallic workpieces produced by 3D-Duck, since support structures of undercuts and internal cavities can also be removed.
  • the invention is schematically illustrated by means of embodiments in the drawings and will be further described with reference to the drawings. It shows:
  • Figure 1 3D printed objects before and after processing
  • Figure 2 is a simplified perspective view of a
  • FIG. 1 shows various 3D printed objects 11, 12 before (left side) and 14, 15 after (right side) the implementation of the method according to the invention. Shown are cylindrical 3D printing objects 11, 14 (top) and cube-shaped 3D printing objects 12, 15 (bottom).
  • the mold parts 11, 12 are made of a metallic material and were obtained from metal powder by selective laser melting (SLM). For example, aluminum is used as the metallic material or the material 1.2709, a high-strength steel (X 3 NiCoMoTi 18-9-5). In the pictures on the left side, the support structures 13 are clearly visible.
  • SLM selective laser melting
  • the support structures 13 are removed, unevenness of the surface is reduced or eliminated and the envelope-shaped oversize of the workpieces is reduced.
  • a corrosive liquid for example, an aqueous solution of iron (III) chloride is used for machining steel moldings.
  • caustic soda is suitable as a caustic liquid.
  • the surface of the treated 3D printing objects 14, 15 may be further processed in a subsequent step, e.g. by sandblasting or grinding to obtain a desired surface finish or gauge.
  • FIG. 2 shows a simplified perspective illustration of an embodiment of a device 20 for post-processing 3D printing Objects made of metallic materials.
  • the system 20 comprises two process chambers 21, 22 and a set-up station 23.
  • the process chambers 21, 22 are surrounded by protective housings 27, 28.
  • the first process chamber 21 contains an etching tank 24, which is filled with a corrosive liquid.
  • the liquid is brought to process temperature with a liquor (not shown).
  • a flow must be generated in the basin 24.
  • liquid lines 25 are provided, which lead to mixing nozzles (not shown), which allow a circulation of the etching liquid and the setting of a directed liquid flow.
  • a defined alignment of the mixing nozzles allows a uniform circulation of the liquid and thus an optimal etching result.
  • the second process chamber 22 includes a sink 26. This is filled with deionized water and is used to flush the etched component.
  • the system 20 includes a set-up station 23, on which an employee can place the post-processed 3D printing component in a specially designed transport basket 29.
  • a transport crane (not shown), which is movable on the rail 30.
  • the transport crane moves the component fully automatically between the different work steps.
  • the employee can enter the process parameters on a control panel 31. There, e.g. the etching time and the temperature are adjusted.
  • the process can be operated unmanned after his appointment.
  • the system allows the removal of the support structure with a considerable saving of working time and an automation of the post-processing of 3D printing components.
  • metal parts of up to 400 x 400 x 400 mm size and a weight of up to 200 kg can be processed.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Robotics (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
  • ing And Chemical Polishing (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a method and a device for removing the support structures from components produced by 3D printing from metallic materials.

Description

Entfernung der Stützstrukturen von durch 3D-Druck hergestellten Bauteilen  Removal of support structures of 3D printed components
BESCHREIBUNG: DESCRIPTION:
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zur Entfernung der Stützstrukturen von durch 3D-Druck hergestellten Bauteilen aus metallischen Werkstoffen. The invention relates to a method and a device for removing the support structures of 3D-printed components from metallic materials.
Beim additiven Aufbau von Metallteilen werden prozessbedingt Stützstrukturen benötigt. Aufgrund des hohen Energieeintrags, welcher zum Aufschmelzen eines Metallpulvers notwendig ist, müssen zur Ableitung der Wärmeenergie überhängende Bauteilstrukturen mittels Stützstrukturen abgestützt werden. Außerdem können z.B. sehr starke Überhänge und größere Bohrungen nur mittels Stützstrukturen aufgebaut werden. Die im Nachgang notwendige Entfernung der nadelähnlichen Metallstruktur ist aufwendig und muss häufig manuell durchgeführt werden. In the additive construction of metal parts process-related support structures are needed. Due to the high energy input, which is necessary for melting a metal powder, must be supported by means of support structures for dissipating the heat energy overhanging component structures. In addition, e.g. very strong overhangs and larger holes can be built only by means of support structures. The subsequent removal of the needle-like metal structure is complicated and often has to be carried out manually.
Es sind bereits Verfahren vorgeschlagen worden, die Alternativen zur manuellen Entfernung solcher Stützstrukturen bieten. Methods have already been proposed which offer alternatives to the manual removal of such support structures.
Aus der DE 10 2015 119 746 A1 geht ein Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Stützstruktur zur Stützung eines dreidimensionalen Objekts hervor, das durch sukzessive selektive Verfestigung von Baumaterialschichten aus einem verfestigbaren Baumaterial mittels eines Energiestrahls erzeugt wird. Die Stützstruktur umfasst Stützelemente, an denen eine Angriffsstruktur ausgebildet ist, an welcher ein elektrochemischer Materialabtrag (electro Chemical machining, ECM) initiierbar ist oder initiiert wird. Dabei wird zwischen der Angriffsstruktur und einem Abtragwerkzeug ein Stromfluss erzeugt, durch den ionische Bestandteile aus der Angriffsstruktur gelöst werden, wodurch Material von dieser abgetragen wird. Aus der US 2012/018115 A1 ist ein Verfahren zum 3D-Druck durch selektives Laserschmelzen bekannt, bei dem zwischen Unterlage und Bauteil sowie den einzelnen hergestellten Komponenten Trennschichten erzeugt werden. Die Trennschichten werden mit einer geeigneten Säure oder durch lokales Aufschmelzen entfernt. DE 10 2015 119 746 A1 discloses a method for producing a supporting structure for supporting a three-dimensional object, which is produced by successive selective hardening of building material layers from a hardenable building material by means of an energy beam. The support structure comprises support elements on which an attack structure is formed, at which an electrochemical material removal (electrochemical machining, ECM) can be initiated or initiated. In this case, a current flow is generated between the attack structure and a removal tool, are released by the ionic components of the attack structure, whereby material is removed from this. US 2012/018115 A1 discloses a method for 3D printing by selective laser melting, in which separating layers are produced between the base and the component and the individual components produced. The separation layers are removed with a suitable acid or by local melting.
Die DE 10 2015 115 821 A1 offenbart ein Verfahren zum Behandeln einer Oberfläche eines in einem 3D-Druckverfahren hergestellten Formteils mit einem Oberflächenbehandlungsmittel, wobei an dem Formteil Haltemittel angeordnet werden, die ein Behandeln der Oberfläche in einem Behandlungsraum, z.B. einem Gefäß mit einem Ätzmittel, ermöglichen, ohne dass die Oberfläche Wandungen des Behandlungsraumes berührt. Haltemittel, wie Abstandshalter oder Haltestifte, verhindern, dass die zu behandelnden Formteile auf dem Boden oder an der Seitenwand des Gefäßes anliegen bzw. dass sich mehrere zu behandelnde Formteile berühren. Haltemittel und Formteil können einteilig ausgestaltet sein und/oder in dem 3D-Druckverfahren einteilig hergestellt werden. Zwischen der Oberfläche des Formteils und dem Haltemittel kann eine Sollbruchstelle ausgebildet werden, an der das Haltemittel nach dem Beaufschlagen der Oberfläche des Formteils mit dem Ätzmittel von dem Formteil lösbar ist. DE 10 2015 115 821 A1 discloses a method for treating a surface of a molded part produced in a 3D printing method with a surface treatment agent, wherein holding means are arranged on the molded part, which is a treatment of the surface in a treatment room, e.g. a vessel with an etchant, allow, without the surface touches walls of the treatment room. Holding means, such as spacers or retaining pins, prevent that the molded parts to be treated on the bottom or on the side wall of the vessel are present or that touch several moldings to be treated. Holding means and molded part can be designed in one piece and / or produced in one piece in the 3D printing process. Between the surface of the molded part and the holding means, a predetermined breaking point can be formed, at which the holding means after solving the surface of the molding with the etchant of the molded part is solvable.
Vor diesem Hintergrund hat sich die vorliegende Erfindung die Aufgabe gestellt, ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zur Verfügung zu stellen, durch welche die Fertigungszeit im additiven Aufbau von Metallteilen optimiert wird, insbesondere durch Verkürzung der Nacharbeitszeit, und der Prozess vereinfacht wird. Against this background, the present invention has the object to provide a method and an apparatus available by which the manufacturing time is optimized in the additive construction of metal parts, in particular by shortening the reworking time, and the process is simplified.
Die Aufgabe wird gelöst durch ein Verfahren mit den Merkmalen des Patentanspruchs 1 und eine Vorrichtung mit den Merkmalen des Patentanspruchs 5. Ausgestaltungen und Weiterbildungen der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den abhängigen Patentansprüchen. Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren basiert auf einer chemischen Entfernung der Stützstruktur. Durch Eintauchen des metallischen Bauteils in eine ätzende Flüssigkeit ist eine chemische Nachbearbeitung möglich, bei der auch die dünne Stützstruktur entfernt bzw. aufgelöst wird. Durch die chemische Stützstrukturentfernung lässt sich die Nacharbeitszeit entscheidend verkürzen, insbesondere bei Einsatz einer erfindungsgemäßen Anlage, die das automatisierte Stützstrukturentfernen ermöglicht. The object is achieved by a method having the features of patent claim 1 and a device having the features of patent claim 5. Refinements and developments of the invention will become apparent from the dependent claims. The inventive method is based on a chemical removal of the support structure. By immersing the metallic component in a corrosive liquid, a chemical post-processing is possible in which the thin support structure is removed or dissolved. By chemical support structure removal, the reworking time can be significantly shortened, especially when using a system according to the invention, which allows the automated support structure removal.
Gegenstand der Erfindung ist ein Verfahren zum Nachbehandeln eines 3D- gedrucketen Objektes aus einem Metallwerkstoff, welches das 3D-Drucken des Objektes mit einem hüllenähnlichen Aufmaß gegenüber seiner Zielgeometrie und anschließend das Entfernen beziehungsweise Auflösen des hüllenähnlichen Aufmaßes durch temporäres Eintauchen des 3D- gedruckten Objektes in eine ätzende Flüssigkeit umfasst. The invention relates to a method for aftertreatment of a 3D printed object made of a metal material, which is the 3D printing of the object with a shell-like oversize compared to its target geometry and then removing or dissolving the envelope-like Maßmaß by temporarily immersing the 3D printed object in a corrosive liquid.
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das 3D- gedruckte Objekt mit hüllenähnlichem Aufmaß produktionstechnisch bedingte innen- und/oder außen liegende säulenähnliche und nicht zur Zielgeometrie gehörige Stützstrukturen umfasst. Der Querschnitt der Stützstrukturen ist so bemessen, dass diese bei Entfernen beziehungsweise Auflösen des hüllenähnlichen Aufmaßes zumindest im Übergangsbereich zur Zielgeometrie ebenfalls entfernt beziehungsweise aufgelöst werden. In einer Ausführungsform des Verfahrens sind die Stützstrukturen in ihrem Querschnitt derart bemessen, dass sie bei Entfernen des hüllenähnlichen Aufmaßes komplett entfernt beziehungsweise aufgelöst werden. The inventive method is characterized in that the 3D printed object with shell-like oversize production-related internal and / or external column-like and not belonging to the target geometry support structures comprises. The cross section of the support structures is dimensioned so that they are also removed or dissolved upon removal or dissolution of the envelope-like allowance at least in the transition region to the target geometry. In one embodiment of the method, the support structures are dimensioned in their cross-section such that they are completely removed or dissolved upon removal of the envelope-like oversize.
Erfindungsgemäß werden die zu bearbeitenden Objekte bzw. Formteile in einem generativen bzw. additiven Fertigungsverfahren (3D-Druckverfahren) hergestellt. Ein Beispiel ist der schichtweise Aufbau von Metallteilen durch selektives Laserschmelzen von Metallpulvern (SLM Verfahren). Neben den prozessbedingt erforderlichen Stützstrukturen weist die Oberfläche des hergestellten Formteils fertigungsbedingte Unebenheiten auf, die ein Anhaften von Schmutz bzw. Verunreinigungen an der Oberfläche des Formteils begünstigen. Bei Pulver-basierten 3D-Druckverfahren kann zudem ein das Formteil umgebendes Pulver an der Oberfläche des Formteils haften bleiben oder mit der Oberfläche verschmolzen sein, was ebenfalls zu einer rauen Oberfläche führt. Die raue bzw. poröse Oberfläche des Formteils wirkt sich zudem negativ auf die Haptik des Formteils aus. According to the invention, the objects or moldings to be processed are produced in a generative or additive manufacturing process (3D printing process). One example is the layered construction of metal parts by selective laser melting of metal powders (SLM process). In addition to the support structures required by the process, the surface of the molded part produced on production-related unevenness, which favor adhesion of dirt or impurities on the surface of the molding. In powder-based 3D printing can also a powder surrounding the molding will adhere to the surface of the molding or be fused to the surface, also resulting in a rough surface. The rough or porous surface of the molding also has a negative effect on the feel of the molding.
Erfindungsgemäß wird daher das nachzubehandelnde Objekt mit einem hüllenähnlichen Aufmaß gegenüber seiner Zielgeometrie gedruckt und die Oberfläche des in einem 3D-Druckverfahren hergestellten Objekts wird durch das Entfernen beziehungsweise Auflösen des hüllenähnlichen Aufmaßes unter Verwendung eines Ätzmittels geglättet. According to the invention, therefore, the object to be post-treated is printed with a shell-like oversize relative to its target geometry and the surface of the object produced in a 3D printing process is smoothed by removing or dissolving the shell-like oversize using an etchant.
Ein Ätzmedium greift das zu behandelnde Objekt von allen Seiten an. Daher ist es notwendig während der Datenaufbereitung das Bauteil mit einem Aufmaß zu versehen, damit die Zielgeometrie auch nach der Nacharbeit erreicht werden kann. An etching medium attacks the object to be treated from all sides. Therefore, it is necessary to provide the component with an allowance during the data preparation, so that the target geometry can be achieved even after the reworking.
Das zu verwendende Ätzmittel hängt im Wesentlichen von dem Material bzw. von den Materialien ab, mit dem bzw. denen das Objekt hergestellt wurde. Zu berücksichtigen ist, dass für jedes Ausgangsmaterial ggf. ein anderes Ätzmedium verwendet werden muss, um ein optimales Ergebnis zu erreichen. The etchant to be used depends essentially on the material or materials with which the object was made. It has to be taken into account that a different etching medium may have to be used for each starting material in order to achieve an optimal result.
In einer Ausführungsform des Verfahrens ist der Metallwerkstoff der Werkstoff 1.2709 und die ätzende Flüssigkeit ist eine wässrige Lösung von Eisen(lll)chlorid. In einer anderen Ausführungsform des Verfahrens ist der Metallwerkstoff Aluminium und die ätzende Flüssigkeit ist Natronlauge. In one embodiment of the method, the metal material is the material 1.2709 and the corrosive liquid is an aqueous solution of iron (III) chloride. In another embodiment of the method, the metal material is aluminum and the corrosive liquid is caustic soda.
Die vorliegende Erfindung stellt auch eine Anlage zur Verfügung, mit der die Bearbeitung der Bauteile mit einem endlichen Aufwand durchgeführt werden kann und mit der ein reproduzierbarer und beherrschbarer Prozess gestaltet werden kann, der eine automatisierte Nacharbeit ermöglicht. Die Erfindung stellt eine sichere, von der Bedienung einfache und flexible Anlage bereit. Ein Gegenstand der Erfindung ist eine Vorrichtung zum Nachbehandeln von 3D-gedruckten Objekten aus einem Metallwerkstoff. Die Vorrichtung umfasst eine erste Prozesskammer mit einem Ätzbecken, eine zweite Prozesskammer mit einem Spülbecken, und eine Transportvorrichtung, um ein nachzubehandelndes 3D-gedrucktes Objekt in das Ätzbecken ein- und auszuführen und danach in das Spülbecken ein- und auszuführen. The present invention also provides an apparatus with which the machining of the components can be carried out with a finite amount of effort and with which a reproducible and controllable process can be designed, which enables an automated reworking. The invention provides a safe, simple and flexible operation of the operation ready. An object of the invention is a device for the post-treatment of 3D printed objects made of a metal material. The apparatus comprises a first process chamber with an etching basin, a second process chamber with a sink, and a transport device for inserting and executing a 3D printed object to be post-processed into the etching basin and then inserting and removing it into the sink.
Die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung umfasst zwei Prozesskammern. The device according to the invention comprises two process chambers.
Die erste Prozesskammer umfasst ein Ätzbecken. Dieses ist in einer Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung mit einer ätzenden Flüssigkeit gefüllt. In einer weiteren Ausführungsform weist das Ätzbecken eine Heizung zum Erwärmen einer darin befindlichen Flüssigkeit auf eine Solltemperatur auf. The first process chamber includes an etching basin. This is filled in one embodiment of the device according to the invention with a corrosive liquid. In a further embodiment, the etching basin has a heater for heating a liquid therein to a desired temperature.
In einer weiteren Ausführungsform weist das Ätzbecken Strömungsdüsen zum Umwälzen einer darin befindlichen Flüssigkeit auf. Das Erzeugen einer Strömung in dem Becken ermöglicht einen stabilen und homogenen Ätzprozess. In einer Ausführungsform werden sogenannte Mischdüsen eingesetzt. Die definierte Ausrichtung der Düsen ermöglicht eine gleichmäßige Umwälzung der Flüssigkeit und somit ein optimales Ätzergebnis. In a further embodiment, the etching basin has flow nozzles for circulating a liquid contained therein. Generating a flow in the basin enables a stable and homogeneous etching process. In one embodiment, so-called mixing nozzles are used. The defined alignment of the nozzles allows a uniform circulation of the liquid and thus an optimal etching result.
Die zweite Prozesskammer umfasst ein Spülbecken. Dieses dient der Spülung des Bauteils. In einer Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung ist das Spülbecken mit VE Wasser gefüllt. In einer weiteren Ausführungsform weist das Spülbecken Strömungsdüsen zum Umwälzen einer darin befindlichen Flüssigkeit auf. The second process chamber includes a sink. This serves to flush the component. In one embodiment of the device according to the invention, the sink is filled with demineralized water. In a further embodiment, the sink has flow nozzles for circulating a liquid therein.
In einer Ausführungsform umfasst die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung eine Schutzumhausung um die Prozesskammern. In one embodiment, the device according to the invention comprises a protective housing around the process chambers.
In einer Ausführungsform umfasst die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung einen Rüstplatz. In einer Ausführungsform ist der Rüstplatz dafür eingerichtet, dass das nachzubehandelnde Bauteil dort in einen Korb platziert wird, der speziell für die Anwendung im erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren ausgelegt ist. In one embodiment, the device according to the invention comprises a set-up station. In one embodiment, the setup station is set up for the post-treated component is placed there in a basket that is specially designed for use in the method according to the invention.
In einer Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung umfasst die Transportvorrichtung einen gitterähnlichen Transportkorb, welcher zusammen mit dem in diesem befindlichen nachzubehandelnden 3D- gedruckten Objekt in die Becken getaucht werden kann. In one embodiment of the device according to the invention, the transport device comprises a grid-like transport basket, which can be immersed in the pelvis together with the 3D-printed object to be post-treated therein.
In einer Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung ist die Transportvorrichtung für einen automatischen, zeitgesteuerten Transport der 3D-gedruckten Objekte eingerichtet. Damit der Prozess automatisch abgefahren werden kann, werden in einer Ausführungsform die drei Prozessschritte Rüsten, Ätzen und Spülen mit einem Kran verkettet, der das Bauteil vollautomatisch zwischen den unterschiedlichen Verfahrensschritten bewegt. In einer Ausführungsform umfasst die Vorrichtung ein Bedienpanel, an dem Prozessparameter eingestellt werden können, z.B. die Ätzdauer und die Temperatur: In one embodiment of the device according to the invention, the transport device is set up for automatic, timed transport of the 3D printed objects. In order for the process to be traversed automatically, in one embodiment, the three process steps of setting, etching and rinsing are interlinked with a crane, which moves the component fully automatically between the different method steps. In one embodiment, the device comprises a control panel on which process parameters can be adjusted, e.g. the etching time and the temperature:
In einer Ausführungsform ermöglicht die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung die Bearbeitung von Metallteilen mit Größen von bis zu 400x400x400mm und einem Maximalgewicht von bis zu 200 kg. In one embodiment, the device according to the invention allows the machining of metal parts with sizes of up to 400x400x400mm and a maximum weight of up to 200 kg.
Die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung und das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren ermöglichen die Entfernung der Stützstrukturen mit einer erheblichen Einsparung von Arbeitszeit. Der Prozess kann nach seiner Einstellung mannlos betrieben werden und stellt einen Automatisierungsschritt der Nacharbeit von 3D-Druck Bauteilen dar. The device according to the invention and the method according to the invention enable the removal of the support structures with a considerable saving of working time. The process can be operated unmanned after its setting and represents an automation step of the rework of 3D printing components.
Die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung und das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren eröffnen zudem neue Designmöglichkeiten für durch 3D-Duck hergestellte metallische Werkstücke, da auch Stützstrukturen von Hinterschnitten und innenliegenden Hohlräumen entfernt werden können. Die Erfindung ist anhand von Ausführungsformen in den Zeichnungen schematisch dargestellt und wird unter Bezugnahme auf die Zeichnungen weiter beschrieben. Es zeigt: The device according to the invention and the method according to the invention also open up new design possibilities for metallic workpieces produced by 3D-Duck, since support structures of undercuts and internal cavities can also be removed. The invention is schematically illustrated by means of embodiments in the drawings and will be further described with reference to the drawings. It shows:
Figur 1 3D-gedruckte Objekte vor und nach der Bearbeitung; Figure 1 3D printed objects before and after processing;
Figur 2 eine vereinfachte perspektivische Darstellung einer Figure 2 is a simplified perspective view of a
Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung.  Embodiment of the device according to the invention.
Figur 1 zeigt verschiedene 3D-gedruckte Objekte 11 , 12 vor (linke Seite) und 14, 15 nach (rechte Seite) der Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens. Dargestellt sind zylindrische 3D-Druck-Objekte 11 , 14 (oben) und würfelförmige 3D-Druck-Objekte 12, 15 (unten). Die Formteile 11 , 12 bestehen aus einem metallischen Werkstoff und wurden aus Metallpulver durch selektives Laserschmelzen (SLM) erhalten. Als metallischer Werkstoff werden beispielsweise Aluminium eingesetzt oder der Werkstoff 1.2709, ein hochfester Stahl (X 3 NiCoMoTi 18-9-5). In den Bildern auf der linken Seite sind die Stützstrukturen 13 deutlich erkennbar. FIG. 1 shows various 3D printed objects 11, 12 before (left side) and 14, 15 after (right side) the implementation of the method according to the invention. Shown are cylindrical 3D printing objects 11, 14 (top) and cube-shaped 3D printing objects 12, 15 (bottom). The mold parts 11, 12 are made of a metallic material and were obtained from metal powder by selective laser melting (SLM). For example, aluminum is used as the metallic material or the material 1.2709, a high-strength steel (X 3 NiCoMoTi 18-9-5). In the pictures on the left side, the support structures 13 are clearly visible.
Durch Anwendung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens werden die Stützstrukturen 13 entfernt, Unebenheiten der Oberfläche werden verringert bzw. beseitigt und das hüllenförmige Aufmaß der Werkstücke wird reduziert. Als ätzende Flüssigkeit wird zur Bearbeitung von Formteilen aus Stahl beispielsweise eine wässrige Lösung von Eisen(lll)chlorid eingesetzt. Zur Bearbeitung von Formteilen aus Aluminium eignet sich beispielsweise Natronlauge als ätzende Flüssigkeit. By using the method according to the invention, the support structures 13 are removed, unevenness of the surface is reduced or eliminated and the envelope-shaped oversize of the workpieces is reduced. As a corrosive liquid, for example, an aqueous solution of iron (III) chloride is used for machining steel moldings. For processing of aluminum moldings, for example, caustic soda is suitable as a caustic liquid.
Gegebenenfalls kann die Oberfläche der behandelten 3D-Druck-Objekte 14, 15 in einem Folgeschritt noch weiter bearbeitet werden, z.B. durch Sandstrahlen oder Schleifen, um eine gewünschte Oberflächengüte bzw. ein gewünschtes Endmaß zu erhalten. Optionally, the surface of the treated 3D printing objects 14, 15 may be further processed in a subsequent step, e.g. by sandblasting or grinding to obtain a desired surface finish or gauge.
Figur 2 zeigt eine vereinfachte perspektivische Darstellung einer Ausführungsform einer Vorrichtung 20 zur Nachbearbeitung von 3D-Druck- Objekten aus metallischen Werkstoffen. Die Anlage 20 umfasst zwei Prozesskammern 21 , 22 und einen Rüstplatz 23. In der dargestellten Variante sind die Prozesskammern 21 , 22 von Schutzumhausungen 27, 28 umgeben. FIG. 2 shows a simplified perspective illustration of an embodiment of a device 20 for post-processing 3D printing Objects made of metallic materials. The system 20 comprises two process chambers 21, 22 and a set-up station 23. In the illustrated variant, the process chambers 21, 22 are surrounded by protective housings 27, 28.
Die erste Prozesskammer 21 enthält ein Ätzbecken 24, das mit einer ätzenden Flüssigkeit befüllt wird. Die Flüssigkeit wird mit einer Fleizung (nicht dargestellt) auf Prozesstemperatur gebracht. Um einen stabilen und homogenen Ätzprozess zu erlangen, muss in dem Becken 24 eine Strömung erzeugt werden. Hierfür sind Flüssigkeitsleitungen 25 vorgesehen, die zu Mischdüsen (nicht dargestellt) führen, welche ein Umwälzen der ätzenden Flüssigkeit und das Einstellen eines gerichteten Flüssigkeitsstroms ermöglichen. Eine definierte Ausrichtung der Mischdüsen ermöglicht eine gleichmäßige Umwälzung der Flüssigkeit und somit ein optimales Ätzergebnis. The first process chamber 21 contains an etching tank 24, which is filled with a corrosive liquid. The liquid is brought to process temperature with a liquor (not shown). In order to obtain a stable and homogeneous etching process, a flow must be generated in the basin 24. For this purpose, liquid lines 25 are provided, which lead to mixing nozzles (not shown), which allow a circulation of the etching liquid and the setting of a directed liquid flow. A defined alignment of the mixing nozzles allows a uniform circulation of the liquid and thus an optimal etching result.
Die zweite Prozesskammer 22 enthält ein Spülbecken 26. Dieses wird mit VE-Wasser befüllt und dient der Spülung des geätzten Bauteils. The second process chamber 22 includes a sink 26. This is filled with deionized water and is used to flush the etched component.
Die Anlage 20 umfasst einen Rüstplatz 23, an dem ein Mitarbeiter das nachzubearbeitende 3D-Druck-Bauteil in einen speziell dafür ausgelegten Transportkorb 29 platzieren kann. Damit der Prozess automatisch gefahren werden kann, sind die drei Prozessschritte Rüsten, Ätzen und Spülen mit einem Transportkran (nicht dargestellt) verkettet, der an der Schiene 30 beweglich ist. Der Transportkran bewegt das Bauteil vollautomatisch zwischen den unterschiedlichen Arbeitsschritten. Der Mitarbeiter kann die Prozessparameter an einem Bedienpanel 31 eingeben. Dort können z.B. die Ätzdauer und die Temperatur eingestellt werden. Der Prozess kann nach seiner Einstellung mannlos betrieben werden. The system 20 includes a set-up station 23, on which an employee can place the post-processed 3D printing component in a specially designed transport basket 29. In order for the process to be run automatically, the three process steps of setting, etching and rinsing are interlinked with a transport crane (not shown), which is movable on the rail 30. The transport crane moves the component fully automatically between the different work steps. The employee can enter the process parameters on a control panel 31. There, e.g. the etching time and the temperature are adjusted. The process can be operated unmanned after his appointment.
Die Anlage erlaubt die Entfernung der Stützstruktur mit einer erheblichen Einsparung von Arbeitszeit und eine Automatisierung der Nachbearbeitung von 3D-Druck-Bauteilen. In der Anlage können Metallteile von bis zu 400 x 400 x 400 mm Größe und einem Gewicht von bis zu 200 kg bearbeitet werden. The system allows the removal of the support structure with a considerable saving of working time and an automation of the post-processing of 3D printing components. In the plant can metal parts of up to 400 x 400 x 400 mm size and a weight of up to 200 kg can be processed.
Bezuqszeichenliste LIST OF REFERENCES
11 zylindrisches 3D-Druck-Objekt vor der Bearbeitung 11 3D cylindrical print object before editing
12 würfelförmiges 3D-Druck-Objekt vor der Bearbeitung  12 cubic 3D print object before editing
13 Stützstruktur  13 support structure
14 zylindrisches 3D-Druck-Objekt nach der Bearbeitung  14 3D cylindrical print object after processing
15 würfelförmiges 3D-Druck-Objekt nach der Bearbeitung  15 cube-shaped 3D printing object after processing
20 Anlage zur Nachbearbeitung von 3D-Druck-Objekten 20 Plant for post-processing of 3D printing objects
21 erste Prozesskammer  21 first process chamber
22 zweite Prozesskammer  22 second process chamber
23 Rüstplatz  23 setup station
24 Ätzbecken  24 caustic tanks
25 Flüssigkeitsleitungen 25 fluid lines
26 Spülbecken  26 sinks
27 Schutzumhausung  27 Protective Housing
28 Schutzumhausung  28 protective housing
29 Transportkorb  29 transport basket
30 Schiene des Transportkrans 30 Rail of the transport crane
31 Bedienpanel  31 control panel

Claims

PATENTANSPRÜCHE: CLAIMS:
1. Verfahren zum Nachbehandeln eines 3D-gedrucketen Objektes aus einem Metallwerkstoff, gekennzeichnet durch folgende Schritte: 1. A method for the post-treatment of a 3D-printed object made of a metal material, characterized by the following steps:
- 3D-Drucken des Objektes mit einem hüllenähnlichen Aufmaß gegenüber seiner Zielgeometrie,  3D printing of the object with a shell-like oversize compared to its target geometry,
- Entfernen beziehungsweise Auflösen des hüllenähnlichen Aufmaßes durch temporäres Eintauchen des 3D-gedruckten Objektes in eine ätzende Flüssigkeit,  Removing or dissolving the envelope-like oversize by temporarily immersing the 3D printed object in a corrosive liquid,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das 3D-gedruckte Objekt mit hüllenähnlichem Aufmaß produktionstechnisch bedingte innen- und/oder außenliegende säulenähnliche und nicht zur Zielgeometrie gehörige Stützstrukturen umfasst, welche in ihrem Querschnitt derart bemessen sind, dass sie bei Entfernen beziehungsweise Auflösen des hüllenähnlichen Aufmaßes zumindest im Übergangsbereich zur Zielgeometrie ebenfalls entfernt beziehungsweise aufgelöst werden.  characterized in that the 3D printed object with shell-like oversize production-related internal and / or external column-like and not belonging to the target geometry support structures which are dimensioned in their cross-section such that they at least in the transition region to the removal or dissolution of the envelope-like allowance Target geometry also be removed or dissolved.
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Stützstrukturen in ihrem Querschnitt derart bemessen sind, dass sie bei Entfernen des hüllenähnlichen Aufmaßes komplett entfernt beziehungsweise aufgelöst werden. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the support structures are dimensioned in their cross section such that they are completely removed or dissolved upon removal of the envelope-like allowance.
3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die ätzende Flüssigkeit eine wässrige Lösung von Eisen(lll)chlorid ist und der Metallwerkstoff der Werkstoff 1.2709 ist. 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the corrosive liquid is an aqueous solution of iron (III) chloride and the metal material is the material 1.2709.
4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die ätzende Flüssigkeit Natronlauge ist und der Metallwerkstoff Aluminium ist. 4. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the corrosive liquid is sodium hydroxide solution and the metal material is aluminum.
5. Vorrichtung zum Nachbehandeln eines 3D-gedrucketen Objektes aus einem Metallwerkstoff, umfassend 5. A device for post-treating a 3D-printed object made of a metal material, comprising
- eine erste Prozesskammer mit einem Ätzbecken,  a first process chamber with an etching basin,
- eine zweite Prozesskammer mit einem Spülbecken, - eine Transportvorrichtung, um ein nachzubehandelndes 3D- gedrucktes Objekt in das Ätzbecken ein- und auszuführen und danach in das Spülbecken ein- und auszuführen. a second process chamber with a sink, - A transport device to a nachzubehandelndes 3D printed object in the etching tank and run and then enter and execute in the sink.
6. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 5, worin das Ätzbecken eine Heizung zum6. Apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the etching tank is a heater for
Erwärmen einer darin befindlichen ätzenden Flüssigkeit auf eine Solltemperatur und Strömungsdüsen zum Umwälzen der Flüssigkeit aufweist. Heating a corrosive liquid therein to a desired temperature and flow nozzles for circulating the liquid.
7. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 5 oder 6, worin das Spülbecken mit VE7. Apparatus according to claim 5 or 6, wherein the sink with VE
Wasser gefüllt ist und Strömungsdüsen zum Umwälzen des VE Wassers aufweist. Water is filled and has flow nozzles for circulating the VE water.
8. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 5 bis 7, die eine Schutzumhausung um die Prozesskammern umfasst. 8. Device according to one of claims 5 to 7, which includes a protective housing around the process chambers.
9. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 5 bis 8, worin die9. Device according to one of claims 5 to 8, wherein the
Transportvorrichtung einen gitterähnlichen Transportkorb umfasst, welcher dafür eingerichtet ist, zusammen mit dem in diesem befindlichen nachzubehandelnden 3D-gedruckten Objekt in die Becken getaucht zu werden. Transport device comprises a grid-like transport basket, which is adapted to be immersed in the basins together with the post-treated in this 3D-printed object.
10. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 5 bis 9, worin die10. Device according to one of claims 5 to 9, wherein the
Transportvorrichtung für einen automatischen, zeitgesteuerten Transport der 3D-gedruckten Objekte eingerichtet ist. Transport device for an automatic, timed transport of the 3D-printed objects is set up.
PCT/EP2019/051972 2018-02-28 2019-01-28 Removal of the support structures from components produced by 3d printing WO2019166166A1 (en)

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