WO2019163817A1 - Image display device, head-up display system, and moving body - Google Patents

Image display device, head-up display system, and moving body Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019163817A1
WO2019163817A1 PCT/JP2019/006294 JP2019006294W WO2019163817A1 WO 2019163817 A1 WO2019163817 A1 WO 2019163817A1 JP 2019006294 W JP2019006294 W JP 2019006294W WO 2019163817 A1 WO2019163817 A1 WO 2019163817A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
user
image
active area
light
optical element
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP2019/006294
Other languages
French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
薫 草深
Original Assignee
京セラ株式会社
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Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of WO2019163817A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019163817A1/en

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09F—DISPLAYING; ADVERTISING; SIGNS; LABELS OR NAME-PLATES; SEALS
    • G09F9/00—Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
    • G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G5/00—Control arrangements or circuits for visual indicators common to cathode-ray tube indicators and other visual indicators
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G5/00—Control arrangements or circuits for visual indicators common to cathode-ray tube indicators and other visual indicators
    • G09G5/36—Control arrangements or circuits for visual indicators common to cathode-ray tube indicators and other visual indicators characterised by the display of a graphic pattern, e.g. using an all-points-addressable [APA] memory
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
    • H04N13/30—Image reproducers
    • H04N13/302—Image reproducers for viewing without the aid of special glasses, i.e. using autostereoscopic displays
    • H04N13/31—Image reproducers for viewing without the aid of special glasses, i.e. using autostereoscopic displays using parallax barriers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
    • H04N13/30—Image reproducers
    • H04N13/302—Image reproducers for viewing without the aid of special glasses, i.e. using autostereoscopic displays
    • H04N13/31—Image reproducers for viewing without the aid of special glasses, i.e. using autostereoscopic displays using parallax barriers
    • H04N13/312—Image reproducers for viewing without the aid of special glasses, i.e. using autostereoscopic displays using parallax barriers the parallax barriers being placed behind the display panel, e.g. between backlight and spatial light modulator [SLM]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
    • H04N13/30—Image reproducers
    • H04N13/346—Image reproducers using prisms or semi-transparent mirrors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
    • H04N13/30—Image reproducers
    • H04N13/356—Image reproducers having separate monoscopic and stereoscopic modes
    • H04N13/359—Switching between monoscopic and stereoscopic modes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
    • H04N13/30—Image reproducers
    • H04N13/363—Image reproducers using image projection screens
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
    • H04N13/30—Image reproducers
    • H04N13/366—Image reproducers using viewer tracking
    • H04N13/368—Image reproducers using viewer tracking for two or more viewers

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to an image display device, a head-up display system, and a moving object.
  • Japanese translations of PCT publication No. 2013-521515 discloses that image light propagating to a user's left eye and right eye is defined by a lenticular lens. Thereby, the user's left eye visually recognizes some sub-pixels displayed on the left eye, and the right eye visually recognizes some other sub-pixels displayed on the right eye.
  • the image display device of the present disclosure includes an active area, a first optical element, and a second optical element.
  • the active area emits image light.
  • the first optical element is disposed along the active area.
  • the second optical element is arranged along the active area at a position different from the first optical element in the normal direction of the active area.
  • the first optical element is configured to define a light beam direction of the first portion of the image light so as to propagate the first portion of the image light emitted from the active area to a first user. .
  • the first optical element propagates a second portion of the image light different from the first portion to a second user positioned alongside the first user in a direction connecting both eyes of the first user.
  • the second optical element is configured to define a light beam direction of the third portion so as to propagate a third portion included in the first portion of the image light to the first eye of the first user.
  • the second optical element has a light beam direction of the fourth portion so as to propagate a fourth portion different from the third portion included in the first portion of the image light to the second eye of the first user. Is configured to prescribe.
  • the head-up display system of the present disclosure includes an image display device.
  • the image display device includes an active area, a first optical element, and a second optical element.
  • the active area emits image light.
  • the first optical element is disposed along the active area.
  • the second optical element is arranged along the active area at a position different from the first optical element in the normal direction of the active area.
  • the first optical element is configured to define a light beam direction of the first portion of the image light so as to propagate the first portion of the image light emitted from the active area to a first user. .
  • the first optical element propagates a second portion of the image light different from the first portion to a second user positioned alongside the first user in a direction connecting both eyes of the first user.
  • the second optical element is configured to define a light beam direction of the third portion so that a third portion included in the first portion of the image light is propagated to the first eye of the first user. Is done.
  • the second optical element is configured to change a light beam direction of the image light so as to propagate a fourth portion different from the third portion included in the first portion of the image light to the second eye of the first user. Configured to prescribe.
  • the moving body of the present disclosure includes an image display device.
  • the image display device includes an active area, a first optical element, and a second optical element.
  • the active area emits image light.
  • the first optical element is disposed along the active area.
  • the second optical element is arranged along the active area at a position different from the first optical element in the normal direction of the active area.
  • the first optical element is configured to define a light beam direction of the first portion of the image light so as to propagate the first portion of the image light emitted from the active area to a first user. .
  • the first optical element propagates a second portion of the image light different from the first portion to a second user positioned alongside the first user in a direction connecting both eyes of the first user.
  • the second optical element is configured to define a light beam direction of the third portion so as to propagate a third portion included in the first portion of the image light to the first eye of the first user.
  • the second optical element is configured to change a light beam direction of the image light so as to propagate a fourth portion different from the third portion included in the first portion of the image light to the second eye of the first user. Configured to prescribe.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of an image display device according to an embodiment as viewed from the vertical direction.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of the display panel shown in FIG. 1 viewed from the depth direction.
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of the first parallax barrier shown in FIG. 1 viewed from the depth direction.
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining the first visible region and the second visible region.
  • FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining a region on the display panel that the first user visually recognizes through the first parallax barrier.
  • FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of the second parallax barrier illustrated in FIG. 1 as viewed from the depth direction.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of an image display device according to an embodiment as viewed from the vertical direction.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of the display panel shown in FIG. 1 viewed from the depth direction.
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of the first parallax
  • FIG. 7 is a diagram for explaining the first left visible region and the first right visible region in the first visible region shown in FIG. 4.
  • FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating an example in which the display panel is viewed from the depth direction for explaining a region on the active area visually recognized by the left eye of the first user.
  • FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating an example in which the image display device is viewed from the vertical direction for explaining a region on the active area visually recognized by the left eye of the first user.
  • FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example in which the image display device according to the embodiment is viewed from the vertical direction.
  • FIG. 11 is a diagram for explaining a region on the display panel that is visually recognized when the left eye of the first user is displaced.
  • FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating an example of a HUD equipped with the image display apparatus according to the present embodiment.
  • FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating an example of a moving object on which the HUD shown in FIG. 12 is mounted.
  • the direction in which the desired image light propagates to each of the right eye and the left eye is elaborated so that a plurality of users can appropriately display different images, and at least one user can appropriately view a three-dimensional image. It is desired to control it.
  • an image display device 1 includes an irradiator 2, a display panel 3, a first parallax barrier (first optical element) 4, and a second parallax.
  • a barrier (second optical element) 5 and a controller 6 are included.
  • the irradiator 2 can irradiate the display panel 3 in a plane.
  • the irradiator 2 may include a light source, a light guide plate, a diffusion plate, a diffusion sheet, and the like.
  • the irradiator 2 is configured to emit irradiation light from a light source.
  • the light guide plate, the diffusion plate, the diffusion sheet, and the like are configured to make the irradiation light uniform in the surface direction of the display panel 3.
  • the irradiator 2 is configured to emit the uniformed light toward the display panel 3.
  • the display panel 3 may be a display panel such as a transmissive liquid crystal display panel.
  • the display panel 3 may be operable to display various images on the active area 31 that is a planar member.
  • the active area 31 is configured to emit image light.
  • the active area 31 of the display panel 3 in a space that is visually captured by the user is used as a display surface.
  • the display surface matches the position of the real image of the active area 31 of the display panel 3.
  • the user grasps the active area 31 of the display panel 3 as a real image the user visually grasps the active area 31 in the substance of the display panel 3 as a display surface.
  • the display surface matches the position of the virtual image of the active area 31 of the display panel 3.
  • the user visually captures the active area 31 on the display surface in a space where the display panel 3 does not exist.
  • the display panel 3 is configured to have an active area 31 including a first area and a partitioned area partitioned in a second direction substantially orthogonal to the first direction.
  • the first direction is a direction along the direction connecting both eyes of the user.
  • the normal direction of the active area 31 of the display panel 3 that is orthogonal to the first direction and the second direction is referred to as a third direction.
  • the first direction is the horizontal direction viewed from the user
  • the second direction is the vertical direction viewed from the user.
  • the first direction may be referred to as the horizontal direction.
  • the second direction may be referred to as the vertical direction.
  • the third direction may be referred to as the depth direction.
  • first direction, the second direction, and the third direction are not limited to the horizontal direction, the vertical direction, and the depth direction, respectively.
  • first direction is represented as the x-axis direction
  • second direction is represented as the y-axis direction
  • third direction is represented as the z-axis direction.
  • Each sub-region corresponds to one subpixel.
  • Each subpixel corresponds to one of R (Red), G (Green), and B (Blue).
  • the color of each subpixel is not limited to R, G, and B, and may include other colors such as white, for example.
  • the three subpixels R, G, and B can constitute one pixel as a set.
  • the number of subpixels constituting one pixel is not limited to three, and may be any number of one or more.
  • One pixel can be referred to as one pixel.
  • the horizontal direction is, for example, a direction in which a plurality of subpixels constituting one pixel are arranged.
  • the vertical direction is, for example, a direction in which sub-pixels of the same color are arranged.
  • a plurality of subpixels arranged in the active area 31 constitute a subpixel group.
  • the subpixel is configured to include a first subpixel group Pg1 and a second subpixel group Pg2.
  • the first sub-pixel group Pg1 and the second sub-pixel group Pg2 are adjacent to each other in the horizontal direction and are alternately repeated.
  • the first subpixel group Pg1 and the second subpixel group Pg2 are repeatedly arranged adjacent to a position shifted by one subpixel in the horizontal direction in the vertical direction.
  • the first subpixel group Pg1 includes a first left subpixel group Pg1L and a first right subpixel group Pg1R.
  • the first left subpixel group Pg1L and the first right subpixel group Pg1R are arranged adjacent to each other in the horizontal direction.
  • the second subpixel group Pg2 includes a second left subpixel group Pg2L and a second right subpixel group Pg2R.
  • the second left subpixel group Pg2L and the second right subpixel group Pg2R are arranged adjacent to each other in the horizontal direction.
  • the first left subpixel group Pg1L is configured to include predetermined row and column subpixels.
  • the first right subpixel group Pg1R includes subpixels in predetermined rows and columns that are the same as those of the first left subpixel group Pg1L.
  • the first right sub-pixel group Pg1R may include m sub-pixels P (m + 1) to P (2 ⁇ m) arranged in succession, n in the horizontal direction and b in the vertical direction.
  • the arrangement of subpixels in the second left subpixel group Pg2L is the same as the arrangement of subpixels in the first left subpixel group Pg1L.
  • the arrangement of subpixels in the second right subpixel group Pg2R is the same as the arrangement of subpixels in the first right subpixel group Pg1R.
  • the active area 31 includes a first left sub-pixel group Pg1L including four sub-pixels P1 to P4 arranged in succession, two in the vertical direction and two in the horizontal direction. Be placed.
  • the active area 31 includes four subpixels P5 to P8 that are adjacent to the first left subpixel group Pg1L in the horizontal direction and are continuously arranged with two in the vertical direction and two in the horizontal direction.
  • One right subpixel group Pg1R is arranged.
  • the second left subpixel group Pg2L is disposed on the opposite side of the first right subpixel group Pg1R in the horizontal direction from the first left subpixel group Pg1L.
  • the second right subpixel group Pg2R is disposed on the opposite side of the second left subpixel group Pg2L in the horizontal direction from the first right subpixel group Pg1R.
  • the first parallax barrier 4 is formed by a plane along the active area 31 as shown in FIG.
  • the first parallax barrier 4 is disposed along the active area 31.
  • the first parallax barrier 4 is disposed to face one surface (first surface) of the active area 31.
  • the first parallax barrier 4 is arranged at a predetermined distance (first gap) g1 on the side opposite to the irradiator 2 with respect to the active area 31. A method for defining the first gap g1 will be described in detail later.
  • the first parallax barrier 4 is configured to have a plurality of dimming surfaces 41 for dimming image light.
  • the plurality of light reducing surfaces 41 are configured to define a light transmitting region 42 between the light reducing surfaces 41 adjacent to each other.
  • the light transmitting region 42 is a portion that transmits light incident on the first parallax barrier 4.
  • the light transmitting region 42 has a higher light transmittance than the light reducing surface 41.
  • the light reducing surface 41 has a light transmittance lower than that of the light transmitting region 42.
  • the light transmitting region 42 may transmit light with a transmittance equal to or higher than the first predetermined value.
  • the first predetermined value may be 100%, for example, or a value close to 100%. If the image light emitted from the active area 31 is in a range in which the image light can be viewed well, the first predetermined value may be a value of 100% or less, for example, 80% or 50%.
  • the light reducing surface 41 may be a portion that reduces light incident on the first parallax barrier 4. In other words, the light reduction surface 41 can reduce the image displayed on the image display device 1. Alternatively, the light reduction surface 41 may be a portion that reduces the light incident on the first parallax barrier 4 so as to be difficult for the user to see.
  • the light reduction surface 41 can reduce the visibility of an image displayed on the image display device 1.
  • the light reducing surface 41 may attenuate light with a transmittance equal to or lower than the second predetermined value.
  • the second predetermined value may be 0%, for example, or a value close to 0%.
  • the first predetermined value is a value smaller than 50%, for example, 10%, as long as a sufficient contrast can be secured between the light transmitted through the light transmitting region 42 and the light transmitted through the light reducing surface 41. Good.
  • a sufficient contrast ratio may be, for example, 100: 1 or more.
  • the translucent regions 42 and the light reducing surfaces 41 extend in a predetermined direction along the active area 31 and are alternately and repeatedly arranged in a direction orthogonal to the predetermined direction.
  • the predetermined direction is a direction that forms a predetermined angle other than 0 degree with respect to the vertical direction. If the line indicating the end of the light-transmitting region 42 extends in the second direction, moire may occur between the opening pattern of the first parallax barrier 4 and the pixel pattern displayed on the display panel 3. is there.
  • the line indicating the end of the light transmitting region 42 extends in a predetermined direction having a predetermined angle that is not 0 degrees with respect to the second direction, the occurrence of moiré is reduced in the display image.
  • the first parallax barrier 4 is configured to define the light beam direction of the image light emitted from the sub-pixel for each of the translucent areas 42 which are a plurality of band-like areas extending in a predetermined direction in the plane.
  • the first parallax barrier 4 is configured to define a light beam direction so that a part of image light emitted from the active area 31 is propagated to the first user.
  • the first parallax barrier 4 is configured to define the light beam direction so that the remaining part of the image light is propagated to the second user positioned side by side with the first user.
  • region on the active area 31 which can respectively visually recognize a 1st user and a 2nd user's eyes is decided.
  • an area visible to the first user is referred to as a first visible area 311.
  • An area on the active area 31 that can be viewed by the second user is referred to as a second visible area 312.
  • the first barrier pitch Bp1 which is the arrangement interval of the light transmitting regions 42 of the first parallax barrier 4, and the first gap g1 between the active area 31 and the first parallax barrier 4 are It is defined that the following expressions (1) and (2) hold.
  • the first image pitch k1 is an arrangement interval between the first subpixel group Pg1 and the second subpixel group Pg2, as shown in FIG.
  • the first suitable viewing distance d1 is a distance between the user's eyes and the first parallax barrier 4 such that the horizontal length of the first visible region 311 is 1 ⁇ 2 of the first image pitch k1. .
  • the inter-user distance L is a distance between the center of both eyes of the first user and the center of both eyes of the second user.
  • the inter-user distance L is determined by the first user's left eye (first eye) and the second user's left eye. Is the distance between.
  • the inter-user distance L is the distance between the first user's right eye (second eye) and the second user's right eye.
  • L: d1 k1 / 2: g1 Formula (1)
  • d1: Bp1 (d1 + g1): k1 Formula (2)
  • the first parallax barrier 4 may be composed of a film or a plate-like member having a transmittance less than the second predetermined value.
  • the dimming surface 41 is composed of the film or the plate member.
  • the translucent area 42 is composed of an opening provided in the film or plate member.
  • a film may be comprised with resin and may be comprised with another material.
  • the plate-like member may be made of resin or metal, or may be made of other materials.
  • the 1st parallax barrier 4 is not restricted to a film or a plate-shaped member, You may be comprised with another kind of member.
  • a base material may have a light-reducing property and the additive which has a light-reducing property may be contained in a base material.
  • the first parallax barrier 4 may be configured such that a light-reducing member is partially overlapped on a light-transmitting substrate.
  • the 1st parallax barrier 4 can be set as the structure by which the member which has light attenuation property was added to a part of base material which has translucency.
  • the first parallax barrier 4 may be composed of a liquid crystal shutter.
  • the liquid crystal shutter can control the light transmittance according to the applied voltage.
  • the liquid crystal shutter may be composed of a plurality of pixels and may control the light transmittance in each pixel.
  • the liquid crystal shutter may be formed in an arbitrary shape with a region having a high light transmittance or a region having a low light transmittance.
  • region 42 is good as an area
  • the first parallax barrier 4 includes a shutter panel that can be changed between a light transmission state and a light reduction state for each minute region.
  • the shutter panel includes a MEMS shutter panel employing a MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical System) shutter in addition to the liquid crystal shutter.
  • the first parallax barrier 4 propagates a part (first part) of the image light emitted from the active area 31 to the first user.
  • the light beam direction is defined.
  • the first parallax barrier 4 operates to propagate the image light emitted from the portion of the first subpixel group Pg1 included in the first visible region 311 to the eyes of the first user. It may be possible. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 5, the first user visually recognizes the image displayed in the portion of the first subpixel group Pg1 included in the first visible region 311.
  • the first parallax barrier 4 is configured to define a light beam direction so that a part (second part) different from the first part of the image light emitted from the active area 31 is propagated to the second user. .
  • the second user is located side by side with the first user in the horizontal direction.
  • the first parallax barrier 4 operates to propagate the image light emitted from the portion of the second subpixel group Pg2 included in the second visible region 312 to the eyes of the second user. It may be possible. Therefore, the second user visually recognizes an image displayed by the second subpixel group Pg2 included in the second visible region 312.
  • the second parallax barrier 5 is formed by a plane along the active area 31.
  • the second parallax barrier 5 has a plurality of dimming surfaces 51 for dimming image light.
  • the plurality of light reducing surfaces 51 are configured to define a light transmitting region 52 between the light reducing surfaces 51 adjacent to each other.
  • the second parallax barrier 5 is disposed along the active area 31 at a position different from the first parallax barrier 4 in the depth direction.
  • the second parallax barrier 5 is disposed to face the second surface of the active area 31 opposite to the first surface. For example, as shown in FIG.
  • the second parallax barrier 5 is disposed at a predetermined distance (second gap) g ⁇ b> 2 on the irradiator 2 side with respect to the active area 31.
  • second gap a predetermined distance
  • the second parallax barrier 5 is configured to define the light beam direction of the image light defined by the first parallax barrier 4 for each of a plurality of band-like regions.
  • the second parallax barrier 5 has a plurality of dimming surfaces 51 for dimming image light.
  • the plurality of light reducing surfaces 51 are configured to define a light transmitting region 52 between the light reducing surfaces 51 adjacent to each other.
  • the second parallax barrier 5 has a light beam direction that is a propagation direction of image light emitted from the sub-pixel for each of the light-transmitting regions 52 that are a plurality of band-like regions extending in a predetermined direction in the plane. Is configured to prescribe.
  • the predetermined direction is the same direction as the direction in which the light transmitting region 42 and the light reducing surface 41 in the first parallax barrier 4 extend.
  • the light transmitting region 52 may transmit light with a transmittance equal to or higher than a third predetermined value.
  • the third predetermined value may be 100%, for example, or a value close to 100%. If the image light emitted from the active area 31 is in a range where the image light can be satisfactorily viewed, the third predetermined value may be a value of 100% or less, such as 80% or 50%.
  • the light reduction surface 51 can be a portion that reduces light incident on the second parallax barrier 5. In other words, the light reduction surface 51 can reduce the image displayed on the image display device 1. Alternatively, the light reduction surface 51 may be a portion that reduces the light incident on the second parallax barrier 5 so as to be difficult for the user to see.
  • the light reduction surface 51 can reduce the visibility of the image displayed on the image display device 1.
  • the light reducing surface 51 may attenuate light with a transmittance equal to or lower than a fourth predetermined value.
  • the fourth predetermined value may be, for example, 0% or a value close to 0%.
  • the third predetermined value is a value smaller than 50%, for example, 10%, as long as sufficient contrast can be secured between the light transmitted through the light transmitting region 52 and the light transmitted through the light reducing surface 51. Good.
  • a sufficient contrast ratio may be, for example, 100: 1 or more.
  • the second parallax barrier 5 transmits a part of the image light emitted from the first visible region 311 to the left eye of the first user and the other part to the right eye of the first user. It is comprised so that the advancing direction of image light may be prescribed
  • a region on the active area 31 is determined.
  • a region in the first visible region 311 that is visible to the left eye of the first user is referred to as a first left visible region 311L.
  • An area in the first visible area 311 that is visible to the right eye of the first user is referred to as a first right visible area 311R.
  • the second parallax barrier 5 propagates a part of the image light emitted from the second visible region 312 to the left eye of the second user and another part to the right eye of the second user. It is comprised so that the advancing direction of image light may be prescribed
  • the second parallax barrier 5 defines the image light emitted from the sub-pixels, so that the region on the active area 31 in the second visible region 312 that can be visually recognized by the left eye and the right eye of the second user. Is determined.
  • a region in the second visible region 312 that is visible to the left eye of the first user is referred to as a second left visible region 312L.
  • a region in the second visible region 312 that is visible to the right eye of the second user is referred to as a second right visible region 312R.
  • the second barrier pitch Bp2 that is the arrangement interval of the light transmitting regions 52 of the second parallax barrier 5 and the second gap g2 between the active area 31 and the second parallax barrier 5 are It is defined so that the following expressions (3) and (4) hold.
  • the second image pitch k2 is the horizontal width of the first subpixel group Pg1.
  • the second image pitch k2 is also the horizontal width of the second subpixel group Pg2.
  • the second suitable viewing distance d2 is the distance between the user's eyes and the second parallax barrier 5.
  • the interocular distance E is the distance between the user's right eye and left eye.
  • E: d2 k2 / 2: g2 Formula (3)
  • the second parallax barrier 5 may be composed of a film or a plate-like member having a transmittance less than a fourth predetermined value.
  • the light-reducing surface 51 is composed of the film or plate member.
  • the translucent area 52 is configured by an opening provided in a film or a plate-like member.
  • the second parallax barrier 5 may be composed of a shutter panel.
  • the second parallax barrier 5 propagates a part (third part) included in the first part of the image light emitted from the active area 31 to the left eye of the first user. It is comprised so that image light may be prescribed
  • the second parallax barrier 5 causes the image light emitted from the first left subpixel group Pg1L in the first subpixel group Pg1 to propagate to the left eye of the first user. Is configured to prescribe. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 9, the first user visually recognizes the portion of the first left subpixel group Pg1L included in the first left visible region 311L through the second parallax barrier 5.
  • the second parallax barrier 5 transmits a part (fourth part) different from the third part included in the first part of the image light emitted from the active area 31 to the right eye of the first user. It is configured to define a ray direction.
  • the second parallax barrier 5 causes the image light emitted from the first right subpixel group Pg1R of the first subpixel group Pg1 to propagate to the right eye of the first user. Is configured to prescribe. Therefore, the right eye of the first user visually recognizes the portion of the first right subpixel group Pg1R included in the first right visible region 311R through the second parallax barrier 5.
  • the second parallax barrier 5 defines the image light so that a part (fifth part) included in the second part of the image light emitted from the active area 31 is propagated to the left eye of the second user. Configured. Specifically, the second parallax barrier 5 defines the image light so that the image light emitted from the second left subpixel group Pg2L of the second subpixel group Pg2 is propagated to the left eye of the second user. Configured as follows. Accordingly, the second user visually recognizes the portion of the second left subpixel group Pg2L included in the second left visible region 312L through the second parallax barrier 5.
  • the second parallax barrier 5 transmits a part (sixth part) different from the fifth part included in the second part of the image light emitted from the active area 31 to the right eye of the second user. It is comprised so that the light ray direction of image light may be prescribed
  • the controller 6 is connected to each component of the image display device 1 and can control each component.
  • the components controlled by the controller 6 include the display panel 3.
  • the controller 6 is configured as a processor, for example.
  • the controller 6 may include one or more processors.
  • the processor may include a general-purpose processor that reads a specific program and executes a specific function, and a dedicated processor specialized for a specific process.
  • the dedicated processor may include an application specific IC (ASIC: Application Specific Circuit).
  • the processor may include a programmable logic device (PLD: Programmable Logic Device).
  • the PLD may include an FPGA (Field-Programmable Gate Array).
  • the controller 6 may be either SoC (System-on-a-Chip) in which one or a plurality of processors cooperate, and SiP (System-In-a-Package).
  • the controller 6 includes a storage unit, and may store various information or a program for operating each component of the image display device 1 in the storage unit.
  • the storage unit may be configured by, for example, a semiconductor memory.
  • the storage unit may function as a work memory for the controller 6.
  • the controller 6 is configured to control an image to be displayed on the display panel 3 based on a control signal received by the image display device 1 or input to the image display device 1 by a user operation. Specifically, the controller 6 displays a three-dimensional image based on the control signal.
  • the controller 6 may be configured to display a two-dimensional image in addition to the three-dimensional image.
  • the second parallax barrier 5 is composed of a liquid crystal shutter. The controller 6 can switch the display image between the two-dimensional image and the three-dimensional image based on the control signal.
  • the controller 6 displays an image (three-dimensional image) having a parallax with each of the sub-pixels that emit image light portions (third portion and fourth portion) propagating to the left and right eyes of the first user. You may let me.
  • the controller 6 may display images having parallax on each of the sub-pixels that emit portions of the image light (fifth portion and sixth portion) that propagate to the left and right eyes of the second user. For example, the controller 6 causes the first left sub-pixel group Pg1L and the first right sub-pixel group Pg1R to display the left eye image and the right eye image for the first user, respectively.
  • the left eye image and the right eye image are images for three-dimensional display and have parallax.
  • the controller 6 may be operable to display the left eye image and the right eye image for the second user on the second left subpixel group Pg2L and the second right subpixel group Pg2R, respectively.
  • the controller 6 may display an image having a parallax on each of the sub-pixels that emit portions of the image light (third portion and fourth portion) that propagate to the left and right eyes of the first user. For example, the controller 6 outputs images having parallax to the subpixels of the first left subpixel group Pg1L and the first right subpixel group Pg1R, respectively, which emit image light propagating to the left eye and the right eye of the first user. You may display.
  • the controller 6 may display an image (two-dimensional image) that has no parallax on the sub-pixels that emit the part of the image light (second part) propagating to the left and right eyes of the second user.
  • the controller 6 may display an image having no parallax in the subpixels of the second left subpixel group Pg2L and the second right subpixel group Pg2R included in the second visible region 312.
  • the controller 6 does not provide the dimming surface 51 in a portion corresponding to the second visible region 312 of the second parallax barrier 5.
  • the controller 6 uniformly sets the transmittance of the portion corresponding to the second visible region 312 of the liquid crystal shutter constituting the second parallax barrier 5 to be approximately the same as the transmittance of the light transmitting region 52. May be operable. Thereby, the image light of the two-dimensional image emitted from the second visible region 312 reaches both the right eye and the left eye of the second user. Therefore, the right image and the left eye of the second user visually recognize the same image.
  • the controller 6 emits the first visible region 311 and the second visible region 312 that emit portions of the image light (first portion and second portion) that propagate to the left eye and the right eye of the first user and the second user, respectively.
  • An image having no parallax may be displayed on each subpixel.
  • the controller 6 may be operable to display a two-dimensional image for the first user on the sub-pixels of the first left sub-pixel group Pg1L and the first right sub-pixel group Pg1R.
  • the controller 6 may be operable to cause the subpixels of the second left subpixel group Pg2L and the second right subpixel group Pg2R to display a two-dimensional image for the second user.
  • the controller 6 does not provide the dimming surface 51 on the second parallax barrier 5.
  • the controller 6 may be operable to make the transmittance of the liquid crystal shutters constituting the second parallax barrier 5 uniformly equal to the transmittance of the light transmitting region 52.
  • the image display device 1 is configured to include the first parallax barrier 4 disposed along the active area 31.
  • the image display device 1 is configured to include a second parallax barrier 5 disposed along the active area 31 at a position different from the first parallax barrier 4 in the normal direction of the active area 31.
  • the 1st parallax barrier 4 is comprised so that the light ray direction of the 1st part of image light may be prescribed
  • the first parallax barrier 4 is a light beam of the second part of the image light so that the second part different from the first part of the image light is propagated to the second user positioned side by side with the first user in the horizontal direction. Configured to define direction.
  • the second parallax barrier 5 propagates the third portion included in the first portion of the image light to the first eye of the first user.
  • the second parallax barrier 5 defines the light beam direction of the image light so as to propagate a fourth portion different from the third portion included in the first portion of the image light to the second eye of the first user. Configured. Therefore, a plurality of users positioned side by side in the horizontal direction can visually recognize different images, and at least one user can visually recognize different images for the left eye and the right eye.
  • the first parallax barrier 4 defines the light beam direction so that a part of the image light emitted from the active area 31 is propagated to the first user. Configured.
  • the first parallax barrier 4 is configured to define the light beam direction so as to propagate the remaining part of the image light to the second user.
  • the second parallax barrier 5 causes a part of the image light to be propagated to the first user to propagate to the left eye of the first user and the remaining part to propagate to the right eye of the first user. Configured. Accordingly, the first user's eyes can visually recognize an image different from that of the second user. Furthermore, since the first user's left eye and right eye can visually recognize different images, the first user's left eye and right eye can propagate the images having parallax to each other. The user can visually recognize the three-dimensional image.
  • the second parallax barrier 5 causes a part of image light to be propagated to the second user to propagate to the left eye of the second user, and the remaining A part is configured to propagate to the right eye of the second user. Therefore, the first user and the second user can visually recognize different three-dimensional images. Furthermore, since the left eye and the right eye of the first user can visually recognize different images, the first user can visually recognize the three-dimensional image.
  • the image display device 1 according to the second embodiment of the present disclosure is different from the first embodiment in that it communicates with the detection device 7 as shown in FIG.
  • the second embodiment only the configuration different from the first embodiment will be described.
  • the configuration that is not described in the second embodiment is the same as that of the first embodiment.
  • the detection device 7 is configured to detect the position of either the left eye or the right eye of the user and output it to the controller 6.
  • the detection device 7 may include a camera, for example.
  • the detection device 7 may photograph the user's face with a camera.
  • the detection device 7 may detect the position of at least one of the left eye and the right eye from a captured image of the camera.
  • the detection device 7 may detect the position of at least one of the left eye and the right eye as coordinates in a three-dimensional space from a captured image of one camera.
  • the detection device 7 may detect the position of at least one of the left eye and the right eye as coordinates in a three-dimensional space from images captured by two or more cameras.
  • the detection device 7 does not include a camera and may be connected to a camera outside the device.
  • the detection device 7 may include an input terminal for inputting a signal from a camera outside the device.
  • the camera outside the apparatus may be directly connected to the input terminal.
  • the camera outside the apparatus may be indirectly connected to the input terminal via a shared network.
  • the detection device 7 that does not include a camera may include an input terminal through which the camera inputs a video signal.
  • the detection device 7 that does not include a camera may detect the position of at least one of the left eye and the right eye from the video signal input to the input terminal.
  • the detection device 7 may include a sensor, for example.
  • the sensor may be an ultrasonic sensor or an optical sensor.
  • the detection device 7 may detect the position of the user's head using a sensor, and may detect the position of at least one of the left eye and the right eye based on the position of the head.
  • the detection device 7 may detect the position of at least one of the left eye and the right eye as coordinates in a three-dimensional space with one or more sensors.
  • the detection device 7 may detect the movement distance of the left eye and the right eye along the arrangement direction of both eyes based on the detection result of at least one position of the left eye and the right eye.
  • the controller 6 is configured to determine the positions of the first left visible region 311L and the first right visible region 311R based on the position of the first user's eye detected by the detection device 7.
  • the controller 6 is configured to control an image to be displayed on each subpixel according to the positions of the first left visible area 311L and the first right visible area 311R determined based on the position of the eyes of the first user.
  • the method for controlling the image displayed by the controller 6 is the same as in the first embodiment.
  • the image light is recognized by the user's left eye in the region 311L ′ where the first left visible region 311L is displaced by the displacement of the first user's left eye in the horizontal displacement position. Includes difficult or unreachable areas. For this reason, the left eye at the displacement position cannot visually recognize a part of the first left visible area 311L at the reference position and visually recognizes a part of the area that is not the first left visible area 311L. Therefore, crosstalk generated in the first user's eyes increases. In order to reduce this crosstalk, the controller 6 may change the image displayed on each subpixel of the display panel 3 according to the position of the user's eyes.
  • the controller 6 may cause the left eye image to be displayed on the sub-pixel included in the region visually recognized by the user's left eye at the displacement position. At this time, the controller 6 may display the left-eye image for the first user on some of the sub-pixels that overlap with the second visible region 312 that is visually recognized by the second user. As a result, the second user may not be able to visually recognize a normal image. However, for example, when an appropriate three-dimensional image must be displayed for the first user even if the eye position of the first user is deviated from the reference position, crosstalk can be reduced. .
  • the first parallax barrier 4 is disposed between the display panel 3 and the irradiator 2.
  • the second parallax barrier 5 is disposed on the side of the active area 31 opposite to the irradiator 2.
  • the first parallax barrier 4 and the second parallax barrier 5 may be arranged on the same side of the active area 31 at different positions in the depth direction.
  • both the first parallax barrier 4 and the second parallax barrier 5 may be disposed between the display panel 3 and the irradiator 2.
  • Both the first parallax barrier 4 and the second parallax barrier 5 may be disposed on the opposite side of the display panel 3 from the irradiator 2.
  • the traveling direction of the image light is defined.
  • the traveling direction of the image light is such that part of the image light reaching the first user's eye by the second parallax barrier 5 reaches the left eye and the other part reaches the right eye.
  • the method for defining the traveling direction of the image light by the parallax barrier is not limited to this.
  • the second parallax barrier 5 causes the image light so that part of the image light emitted from the display panel 3 reaches the first user and the other part of the image light reaches the second user.
  • the direction of travel may be defined.
  • the first parallax barrier 4 advances the image light so that part of the image light reaching the first user's eye reaches the left eye and the other part reaches the right eye.
  • Direction is defined.
  • the left eye is the first eye and the right eye is the second eye, but the present invention is not limited to this.
  • the left eye may be the second eye and the right eye may be the first eye.
  • the controller 6 is configured to determine the positions of the first left visible region 311L and the first right visible region 311R based on the position of the first user's eyes, but this is not restrictive.
  • the controller 6 may determine the positions of the second left visible region 312L and the second right visible region 312R based on the position of the second user's eyes.
  • the controller 6 may control an image to be displayed on each subpixel according to the positions of the second left visible region 312L and the second right visible region 312R.
  • the image display device 1 can be mounted on a head-up display system 100.
  • the head up display system 100 is also referred to as a HUD (Head Up Up Display) 100.
  • the HUD 100 includes the image display device 1, an optical member 110, and a projection member 120 having a projection surface 130.
  • the HUD 100 causes the image light emitted from the image display device 1 to reach the projection target member 120 via the optical member 110.
  • the HUD 100 may be operable to cause the image light reflected by the projection member 120 to reach the left and right eyes of the user. That is, the HUD 100 may be operable to advance image light from the image display device 1 to the left eye and right eye of the user along the optical path 140 indicated by a broken line.
  • the user can visually recognize the image light that has reached along the optical path 140 as a virtual image 150.
  • the image display apparatus 1 can provide a stereoscopic view according to the movement of the user by controlling the display according to the positions of the left eye and the right eye of the user.
  • the virtual image 150 includes a display surface as a virtual image of the active area 31.
  • the virtual image arrangement interval Bp1 ′ of the light-transmitting region 42 of the first parallax barrier 4 and the gap g1 ′ between the virtual image of the active area 31 and the virtual image of the first parallax barrier 4 are expressed by the following equations (5) and (5): (6) is defined to hold.
  • k1 ′ is an arrangement interval between the virtual image of the first subpixel group Pg1 and the virtual image of the second subpixel group Pg2.
  • d1 ′ is the distance between the user's eyes and the virtual image of the first parallax barrier 4.
  • L: d1 ′ k1 ′ / 2: g1 ′
  • Formula (5) d1 ′: Bp1 ′ (d1 ′ + g1 ′): k1 ′ Equation (6)
  • the virtual image arrangement interval Bp2 ′ of the transparent region 52 of the second parallax barrier 5 and the gap g2 ′ between the virtual image of the active area 31 and the virtual image of the second parallax barrier 5 are expressed by the following equations (7) and (7).
  • (8) is defined to hold.
  • k2 ′ is the horizontal width of the virtual image of the first subpixel group Pg1.
  • k2 ′ is also the horizontal width of the virtual image of the second subpixel group Pg2.
  • d2 ′ is the distance between the user's eyes and the virtual image of the second parallax barrier 5.
  • E: d2 ′ k2 ′ / 2: g2 ′
  • Formula (7) d2 ′: Bp2 ′ (d2′ ⁇ g2 ′): k2 ′ Equation (8)
  • the image display device 1 and the HUD 100 may be mounted on the moving body 10.
  • a part of the configuration of the HUD 100 may be shared with other devices or parts included in the moving body 10.
  • the moving body 10 may also use the windshield as the projection target member 120.
  • Other devices or parts included in the moving body 10 that are also used as a part of the configuration of the HUD 100 may be referred to as a HUD module.
  • the display panel 3 is not limited to a transmissive display panel, and other display panels such as a self-luminous display panel can also be used.
  • the transmission type display panel includes a MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical Systems) shutter type display panel in addition to the liquid crystal panel.
  • the self-luminous display panel includes an organic EL (electro-luminescence) display panel and an inorganic EL display panel. When a self-luminous display panel is used as the display panel 3, the irradiator 2 is not necessary. When a self-luminous display panel is used as the display panel 3, the first parallax barrier 4 and the second parallax barrier 5 are configured to be positioned on the side of the display panel 3 where image light is emitted. .
  • “Moving object” in the present disclosure includes vehicles, ships, and aircraft.
  • “Vehicle” in the present disclosure includes, but is not limited to, automobiles and industrial vehicles, and may include railway vehicles, domestic vehicles, and fixed-wing aircraft that run on the runway.
  • the automobile includes, but is not limited to, a passenger car, a truck, a bus, a two-wheeled vehicle, a trolley bus, and the like, and may include other vehicles that travel on the road.
  • Industrial vehicles include industrial vehicles for agriculture and construction. Industrial vehicles include but are not limited to forklifts and golf carts. Industrial vehicles for agriculture include, but are not limited to, tractors, tillers, transplanters, binders, combines, and lawn mowers.
  • Industrial vehicles for construction include, but are not limited to, bulldozers, scrapers, excavators, crane trucks, dump trucks, and road rollers. Vehicles include those that travel by human power.
  • the vehicle classification is not limited to the above.
  • an automobile may include an industrial vehicle capable of traveling on a road, and the same vehicle may be included in a plurality of classifications.
  • Ships in the present disclosure include marine jets, boats, and tankers.
  • the aircraft in the present disclosure includes fixed wing aircraft and rotary wing aircraft.

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Abstract

This image display device (1) is provided with: an active area (31) for emitting image light; a first optical element (4); and a second optical element (5). The active area (31) emits the image light. The first optical element (4) and the second optical element (5) are disposed along the active area (31) at different positions in the normal direction of the active area (31). The first optical element (4) is configured to define the beam direction of a first part of the image light emitted from the active area so that the first part of the image light propagates to a first user. The first optical element (4) is configured to define the beam direction of a second part of the image light different from the first part of the image light so that the second part propagates to a second user positioned side by side with the first user in a direction connecting both eyes of the first user. The second optical element (5) is configured to define the beam direction of a third part included in the first part of the image light so that the third part propagates to a first eye of the first user. The second optical element (5) is configured to define the beam direction of a fourth part different from the third part included in the first part of the image light so that the fourth part propagates to a second eye of the first user.

Description

画像表示装置、ヘッドアップディスプレイシステム、および移動体Image display device, head-up display system, and moving body 関連出願の相互参照Cross-reference of related applications
　本出願は、２０１８年２月２６日出願の日本国特許出願第２０１８－０３１７７０号の優先権を主張するものであり、当該出願の開示全体を、ここに参照のために取り込む。 This application claims the priority of Japanese Patent Application No. 2018-031770 filed on Feb. 26, 2018, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.
　本開示は、画像表示装置、ヘッドアップディスプレイシステム、および移動体に関する。 The present disclosure relates to an image display device, a head-up display system, and a moving object.
　従来、３次元画像を表示する画像表示装置が知られている。例えば、特表２０１３－５２１５１５号公報には、レンチキュラレンズによって利用者の左眼および右眼それぞれに伝播する画像光を規定することが記載されている。これにより、利用者の左眼は、左眼に表示させる一部のサブ画素を視認し、右眼は、右眼に表示させる他の一部のサブ画素を視認する。 Conventionally, an image display device that displays a three-dimensional image is known. For example, Japanese translations of PCT publication No. 2013-521515 discloses that image light propagating to a user's left eye and right eye is defined by a lenticular lens. Thereby, the user's left eye visually recognizes some sub-pixels displayed on the left eye, and the right eye visually recognizes some other sub-pixels displayed on the right eye.
　本開示の画像表示装置は、アクティブエリアと、第１光学素子と、第２光学素子とを備える。前記アクティブエリアは、画像光を射出する。前記第１光学素子は、前記アクティブエリアに沿って配置される。前記第２光学素子は、前記アクティブエリアに沿って、前記アクティブエリアの法線方向において前記第１光学素子とは異なる位置に配置される。前記第１光学素子は、前記アクティブエリアから射出される前記画像光の第１部分を第１利用者に伝播させるように前記画像光の前記第１部分の光線方向を規定するように構成される。前記第１光学素子は、前記画像光の前記第１部分と異なる第２部分を、前記第１利用者の両眼を結ぶ方向に前記第１利用者と並んで位置する第２利用者に伝播させるように前記画像光の前記第２部分の光線方向を規定するように構成される。前記第２光学素子は、前記画像光の前記第１部分に含まれる第３部分を前記第１利用者の第１眼に伝播させるように前記第３部分の光線方向を規定するように構成される。前記第２光学素子は、前記画像光の前記第１部分に含まれる前記第３部分とは異なる第４部分を前記第１利用者の第２眼に伝播させるように前記第４部分の光線方向を規定するように構成される。 The image display device of the present disclosure includes an active area, a first optical element, and a second optical element. The active area emits image light. The first optical element is disposed along the active area. The second optical element is arranged along the active area at a position different from the first optical element in the normal direction of the active area. The first optical element is configured to define a light beam direction of the first portion of the image light so as to propagate the first portion of the image light emitted from the active area to a first user. . The first optical element propagates a second portion of the image light different from the first portion to a second user positioned alongside the first user in a direction connecting both eyes of the first user. It is comprised so that the light beam direction of the said 2nd part of the said image light may be prescribed | regulated. The second optical element is configured to define a light beam direction of the third portion so as to propagate a third portion included in the first portion of the image light to the first eye of the first user. The The second optical element has a light beam direction of the fourth portion so as to propagate a fourth portion different from the third portion included in the first portion of the image light to the second eye of the first user. Is configured to prescribe.
　本開示のヘッドアップディスプレイシステムは、画像表示装置を備える。前記画像表示装置は、アクティブエリアと、第１光学素子と、第２光学素子とを含む。前記アクティブエリアは、画像光を射出する。前記第１光学素子は、前記アクティブエリアに沿って配置される。前記第２光学素子は、前記アクティブエリアに沿って、前記アクティブエリアの法線方向において前記第１光学素子とは異なる位置に配置される。前記第１光学素子は、前記アクティブエリアから射出される前記画像光の第１部分を第１利用者に伝播させるように前記画像光の前記第１部分の光線方向を規定するように構成される。前記第１光学素子は、前記画像光の前記第１部分と異なる第２部分を、前記第１利用者の両眼を結ぶ方向に前記第１利用者と並んで位置する第２利用者に伝播させるように前記画像光の前記第２部分の光線方向を規定するように構成される。前記第２光学素子は、前記画像光の前記第１部分に含まれる第３部分を前記第１利用者の第１眼に伝播させるるように前記第３部分の光線方向を規定するように構成される。前記第２光学素子は、前記画像光の前記第１部分に含まれる前記第３部分とは異なる第４部分を前記第１利用者の第２眼に伝播させるように前記画像光の光線方向を規定するように構成される。 The head-up display system of the present disclosure includes an image display device. The image display device includes an active area, a first optical element, and a second optical element. The active area emits image light. The first optical element is disposed along the active area. The second optical element is arranged along the active area at a position different from the first optical element in the normal direction of the active area. The first optical element is configured to define a light beam direction of the first portion of the image light so as to propagate the first portion of the image light emitted from the active area to a first user. . The first optical element propagates a second portion of the image light different from the first portion to a second user positioned alongside the first user in a direction connecting both eyes of the first user. It is comprised so that the light beam direction of the said 2nd part of the said image light may be prescribed | regulated. The second optical element is configured to define a light beam direction of the third portion so that a third portion included in the first portion of the image light is propagated to the first eye of the first user. Is done. The second optical element is configured to change a light beam direction of the image light so as to propagate a fourth portion different from the third portion included in the first portion of the image light to the second eye of the first user. Configured to prescribe.
　本開示の移動体は、画像表示装置を備える。前記画像表示装置は、アクティブエリアと、第１光学素子と、第２光学素子とを含む。前記アクティブエリアは、画像光を射出する。前記第１光学素子は、前記アクティブエリアに沿って配置される。前記第２光学素子は、前記アクティブエリアに沿って、前記アクティブエリアの法線方向において前記第１光学素子とは異なる位置に配置される。前記第１光学素子は、前記アクティブエリアから射出される前記画像光の第１部分を第１利用者に伝播させるように前記画像光の前記第１部分の光線方向を規定するように構成される。前記第１光学素子は、前記画像光の前記第１部分と異なる第２部分を、前記第１利用者の両眼を結ぶ方向に前記第１利用者と並んで位置する第２利用者に伝播させるように前記画像光の前記第２部分の光線方向を規定するように構成される。前記第２光学素子は、前記画像光の前記第１部分に含まれる第３部分を前記第１利用者の第１眼に伝播させるように前記第３部分の光線方向を規定するように構成される。前記第２光学素子は、前記画像光の前記第１部分に含まれる前記第３部分とは異なる第４部分を前記第１利用者の第２眼に伝播させるように前記画像光の光線方向を規定するように構成される。 The moving body of the present disclosure includes an image display device. The image display device includes an active area, a first optical element, and a second optical element. The active area emits image light. The first optical element is disposed along the active area. The second optical element is arranged along the active area at a position different from the first optical element in the normal direction of the active area. The first optical element is configured to define a light beam direction of the first portion of the image light so as to propagate the first portion of the image light emitted from the active area to a first user. . The first optical element propagates a second portion of the image light different from the first portion to a second user positioned alongside the first user in a direction connecting both eyes of the first user. It is comprised so that the light beam direction of the said 2nd part of the said image light may be prescribed | regulated. The second optical element is configured to define a light beam direction of the third portion so as to propagate a third portion included in the first portion of the image light to the first eye of the first user. The The second optical element is configured to change a light beam direction of the image light so as to propagate a fourth portion different from the third portion included in the first portion of the image light to the second eye of the first user. Configured to prescribe.
図１は、一実施形態における画像表示装置を鉛直方向から見た例を示す図である。FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of an image display device according to an embodiment as viewed from the vertical direction. 図２は、図１に示す表示パネルを奥行方向から見た例を示す図である。FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of the display panel shown in FIG. 1 viewed from the depth direction. 図３は、図１に示す第１パララックスバリアを奥行方向から見た例を示す図である。FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of the first parallax barrier shown in FIG. 1 viewed from the depth direction. 図４は、第１可視領域および第２可視領域を説明するための図である。FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining the first visible region and the second visible region. 図５は、第１利用者が第１パララックスバリアを介して視認する表示パネル上の領域を説明するための図である。FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining a region on the display panel that the first user visually recognizes through the first parallax barrier. 図６は、図１に示す第２パララックスバリアを奥行方向から見た例を示す図である。FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of the second parallax barrier illustrated in FIG. 1 as viewed from the depth direction. 図７は、図４に示す第１可視領域内の、第１左可視領域および第１右可視領域を説明するための図である。FIG. 7 is a diagram for explaining the first left visible region and the first right visible region in the first visible region shown in FIG. 4. 図８は、第１利用者の左眼が視認するアクティブエリア上の領域を説明するための、表示パネルを奥行方向から見た例を示す図である。FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating an example in which the display panel is viewed from the depth direction for explaining a region on the active area visually recognized by the left eye of the first user. 図９は、第１利用者の左眼が視認するアクティブエリア上の領域を説明するための、画像表示装置を鉛直方向から見た例を示す図である。FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating an example in which the image display device is viewed from the vertical direction for explaining a region on the active area visually recognized by the left eye of the first user. 図１０は、一実施形態における画像表示装置を鉛直方向から見た例を示す図である。FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example in which the image display device according to the embodiment is viewed from the vertical direction. 図１１は、第１利用者の左眼が変位した場合に視認する表示パネル上の領域を説明するための図である。FIG. 11 is a diagram for explaining a region on the display panel that is visually recognized when the left eye of the first user is displaced. 図１２は、本実施形態に係る画像表示装置を搭載したＨＵＤの例を示す図である。FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating an example of a HUD equipped with the image display apparatus according to the present embodiment. 図１３は、図１２に示すＨＵＤを搭載した移動体の例を示す図である。FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating an example of a moving object on which the HUD shown in FIG. 12 is mounted.
　複数の利用者それぞれに異なる画像を適切に表示させ、さらに少なくとも一の利用者に３次元画像を適切に視認させるよう、右眼と左眼とのそれぞれに所望の画像光が伝播する方向を精緻に制御することが望まれている。 The direction in which the desired image light propagates to each of the right eye and the left eye is elaborated so that a plurality of users can appropriately display different images, and at least one user can appropriately view a three-dimensional image. It is desired to control it.
　以下、本開示の一実施形態について、図面を参照して説明する。各図面は模式的なものであり、図面上の寸法比率等は現実のものとは必ずしも一致していない。 Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present disclosure will be described with reference to the drawings. Each drawing is schematic, and the dimensional ratio on the drawing does not always match the actual one.
　図１に示したように、本開示の一実施形態にかかる画像表示装置１は、照射器２と、表示パネル３と、第１パララックスバリア（第１光学素子）４と、第２パララックスバリア（第２光学素子）５と、コントローラ６とを含んで構成される。 As shown in FIG. 1, an image display device 1 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes an irradiator 2, a display panel 3, a first parallax barrier (first optical element) 4, and a second parallax. A barrier (second optical element) 5 and a controller 6 are included.
　照射器２は、表示パネル３を面的に照射しうる。照射器２は、光源、導光板、拡散板、拡散シート等を含んで構成されてよい。照射器２は、光源により照射光を射出するように構成される。導光板、拡散板、拡散シート等は、照射光を表示パネル３の面方向に均一化するように構成される。そして、照射器２は、均一化された光を表示パネル３の方に射出するように構成される。 The irradiator 2 can irradiate the display panel 3 in a plane. The irradiator 2 may include a light source, a light guide plate, a diffusion plate, a diffusion sheet, and the like. The irradiator 2 is configured to emit irradiation light from a light source. The light guide plate, the diffusion plate, the diffusion sheet, and the like are configured to make the irradiation light uniform in the surface direction of the display panel 3. The irradiator 2 is configured to emit the uniformed light toward the display panel 3.
　表示パネル３は、例えば透過型の液晶表示パネルなどの表示パネルを採用しうる。表示パネル３は、種々な画像を、面状の部材であるアクティブエリア３１に表示させるように動作可能でありうる。アクティブエリア３１は、画像光を射出するように構成される。本開示において、利用者が視覚的に捉える空間での表示パネル３のアクティブエリア３１を表示面とする。利用者が表示パネル３のアクティブエリア３１を実像として捉えるとき、表示面は、表示パネル３のアクティブエリア３１の実像の位置と一致する。利用者が表示パネル３のアクティブエリア３１を実像として捉えるとき、利用者は、表示パネル３の実体におけるアクティブエリア３１を表示面として視覚的に捉える。利用者が表示パネル３のアクティブエリア３１を虚像として捉えるとき、表示面は、表示パネル３のアクティブエリア３１の虚像の位置と一致する。利用者が表示パネル３のアクティブエリア３１を虚像として捉えるとき、利用者は、表示パネル３の実体が無い空間において、表示面上のアクティブエリア３１を視覚的に捉える。 The display panel 3 may be a display panel such as a transmissive liquid crystal display panel. The display panel 3 may be operable to display various images on the active area 31 that is a planar member. The active area 31 is configured to emit image light. In the present disclosure, the active area 31 of the display panel 3 in a space that is visually captured by the user is used as a display surface. When the user views the active area 31 of the display panel 3 as a real image, the display surface matches the position of the real image of the active area 31 of the display panel 3. When the user grasps the active area 31 of the display panel 3 as a real image, the user visually grasps the active area 31 in the substance of the display panel 3 as a display surface. When the user views the active area 31 of the display panel 3 as a virtual image, the display surface matches the position of the virtual image of the active area 31 of the display panel 3. When the user captures the active area 31 of the display panel 3 as a virtual image, the user visually captures the active area 31 on the display surface in a space where the display panel 3 does not exist.
　表示パネル３は、図２に示すように、第１方向および第１方向に略直交する第２方向に区画された区画領域を含むアクティブエリア３１を有するように構成される。第１方向は、利用者の両眼を結ぶ方向に沿う方向である。第１方向および第２方向に直交する、表示パネル３のアクティブエリア３１の法線方向は第３方向と称される。利用者が表示パネル３を直接見るタイプの画像表示装置１において、第１方向は利用者にから観た横方向であり、第２方向は利用者から観た縦方向である。例えば、第１方向は水平方向と称されてよい。第２方向は鉛直方向と称されてよい。第３方向は奥行方向と称されてよい。しかし、第１方向、第２方向、および第３方向はそれぞれ、水平方向、鉛直方向、奥行方向に限られない。図面において、第１方向はｘ軸方向として表され、第２方向はｙ軸方向として表され、第３方向はｚ軸方向として表される。 As shown in FIG. 2, the display panel 3 is configured to have an active area 31 including a first area and a partitioned area partitioned in a second direction substantially orthogonal to the first direction. The first direction is a direction along the direction connecting both eyes of the user. The normal direction of the active area 31 of the display panel 3 that is orthogonal to the first direction and the second direction is referred to as a third direction. In the image display device 1 of a type in which the user directly views the display panel 3, the first direction is the horizontal direction viewed from the user, and the second direction is the vertical direction viewed from the user. For example, the first direction may be referred to as the horizontal direction. The second direction may be referred to as the vertical direction. The third direction may be referred to as the depth direction. However, the first direction, the second direction, and the third direction are not limited to the horizontal direction, the vertical direction, and the depth direction, respectively. In the drawing, the first direction is represented as the x-axis direction, the second direction is represented as the y-axis direction, and the third direction is represented as the z-axis direction.
　区画領域の各々には、１つのサブピクセルが対応する。各サブピクセルは、Ｒ（Red），Ｇ（Green），Ｂ（Blue）のいずれかの色に対応する。各サブピクセルの色は、Ｒ，Ｇ，Ｂに限定されず、例えば、例えば白などの色を他に含みうる。Ｒ，Ｇ，Ｂの３つのサブピクセルは、一組として１ピクセルを構成することができる。１ピクセルを構成するサブピクセルは、３つに限られず、１または複数の任意の数としうる。１ピクセルは、１画素と称されうる。水平方向は、例えば、１ピクセルを構成する複数のサブピクセルが並ぶ方向である。鉛直方向は、例えば、同じ色のサブピクセルが並ぶ方向である。 Each sub-region corresponds to one subpixel. Each subpixel corresponds to one of R (Red), G (Green), and B (Blue). The color of each subpixel is not limited to R, G, and B, and may include other colors such as white, for example. The three subpixels R, G, and B can constitute one pixel as a set. The number of subpixels constituting one pixel is not limited to three, and may be any number of one or more. One pixel can be referred to as one pixel. The horizontal direction is, for example, a direction in which a plurality of subpixels constituting one pixel are arranged. The vertical direction is, for example, a direction in which sub-pixels of the same color are arranged.
　上述のようにアクティブエリア３１に配列された複数のサブピクセルはサブピクセル群を構成する。サブピクセルは、第１サブピクセル群Ｐｇ１および第２サブピクセル群Ｐｇ２を含むように構成される。第１サブピクセル群Ｐｇ１および第２サブピクセル群Ｐｇ２は水平方向に互いに隣接して、交互に繰り返して配列される。第１サブピクセル群Ｐｇ１および第２サブピクセル群Ｐｇ２は、鉛直方向において、水平方向に１サブピクセル分ずれた位置に隣接して繰り返して配列される。 As described above, a plurality of subpixels arranged in the active area 31 constitute a subpixel group. The subpixel is configured to include a first subpixel group Pg1 and a second subpixel group Pg2. The first sub-pixel group Pg1 and the second sub-pixel group Pg2 are adjacent to each other in the horizontal direction and are alternately repeated. The first subpixel group Pg1 and the second subpixel group Pg2 are repeatedly arranged adjacent to a position shifted by one subpixel in the horizontal direction in the vertical direction.
　第１サブピクセル群Ｐｇ１は、第１左サブピクセル群Ｐｇ１Ｌおよび第１右サブピクセル群Ｐｇ１Ｒを含む。第１左サブピクセル群Ｐｇ１Ｌおよび第１右サブピクセル群Ｐｇ１Ｒは、水平方向に互いに隣接して配列される。第２サブピクセル群Ｐｇ２は、第２左サブピクセル群Ｐｇ２Ｌおよび第２右サブピクセル群Ｐｇ２Ｒを含む。第２左サブピクセル群Ｐｇ２Ｌおよび第２右サブピクセル群Ｐｇ２Ｒは、水平方向に互いに隣接して配列される。 The first subpixel group Pg1 includes a first left subpixel group Pg1L and a first right subpixel group Pg1R. The first left subpixel group Pg1L and the first right subpixel group Pg1R are arranged adjacent to each other in the horizontal direction. The second subpixel group Pg2 includes a second left subpixel group Pg2L and a second right subpixel group Pg2R. The second left subpixel group Pg2L and the second right subpixel group Pg2R are arranged adjacent to each other in the horizontal direction.
　第１左サブピクセル群Ｐｇ１Ｌは、所定の行および列のサブピクセルを含むように構成される。例えば、第１左サブピクセル群Ｐｇ１Ｌは、鉛直方向にｂ個（ｂ行）、水平方向にｎ個（ｎ列）、連続して配列された（ｎ×ｂ）個（以降において、ｎ×ｂ＝ｍとする）のサブピクセルＰ１～Ｐｍを含みうる。第１右サブピクセル群Ｐｇ１Ｒは、第１左サブピクセル群Ｐｇ１Ｌと同一の所定の行および列のサブピクセルを含む。例えば、第１右サブピクセル群Ｐｇ１Ｒは、水平方向にｎ個、鉛直方向にｂ個、連続して配列されたｍ個のサブピクセルＰ（ｍ＋１）～Ｐ（２×ｍ）を含みうる。 The first left subpixel group Pg1L is configured to include predetermined row and column subpixels. For example, the first left sub-pixel group Pg1L includes b (b rows) in the vertical direction, n (n columns) in the horizontal direction, and (n × b) (sequentially, n × b). = M)) subpixels P1 to Pm. The first right subpixel group Pg1R includes subpixels in predetermined rows and columns that are the same as those of the first left subpixel group Pg1L. For example, the first right sub-pixel group Pg1R may include m sub-pixels P (m + 1) to P (2 × m) arranged in succession, n in the horizontal direction and b in the vertical direction.
　第２左サブピクセル群Ｐｇ２Ｌのサブピクセルの配列は、第１左サブピクセル群Ｐｇ１Ｌのサブピクセルの配列と同じである。第２右サブピクセル群Ｐｇ２Ｒのサブピクセルの配列は、第１右サブピクセル群Ｐｇ１Ｒのサブピクセルの配列と同じである。 The arrangement of subpixels in the second left subpixel group Pg2L is the same as the arrangement of subpixels in the first left subpixel group Pg1L. The arrangement of subpixels in the second right subpixel group Pg2R is the same as the arrangement of subpixels in the first right subpixel group Pg1R.
　図２に示した例では、アクティブエリア３１には、鉛直方向に２個、水平方向に２個、連続して配列された４個のサブピクセルＰ１～Ｐ４を含む第１左サブピクセル群Ｐｇ１Ｌが配置される。アクティブエリア３１には、第１左サブピクセル群Ｐｇ１Ｌの水平方向に隣接して、鉛直方向に２個、水平方向に２個ずつ連続して配置された４個のサブピクセルＰ５～Ｐ８を含む第１右サブピクセル群Ｐｇ１Ｒが配置される。アクティブエリア３１には、第１右サブピクセル群Ｐｇ１Ｒの水平方向の、第１左サブピクセル群Ｐｇ１Ｌとは反対側に第２左サブピクセル群Ｐｇ２Ｌが配置される。アクティブエリア３１には、第２左サブピクセル群Ｐｇ２Ｌの水平方向の、第１右サブピクセル群Ｐｇ１Ｒとは反対側に第２右サブピクセル群Ｐｇ２Ｒが配置される。 In the example shown in FIG. 2, the active area 31 includes a first left sub-pixel group Pg1L including four sub-pixels P1 to P4 arranged in succession, two in the vertical direction and two in the horizontal direction. Be placed. The active area 31 includes four subpixels P5 to P8 that are adjacent to the first left subpixel group Pg1L in the horizontal direction and are continuously arranged with two in the vertical direction and two in the horizontal direction. One right subpixel group Pg1R is arranged. In the active area 31, the second left subpixel group Pg2L is disposed on the opposite side of the first right subpixel group Pg1R in the horizontal direction from the first left subpixel group Pg1L. In the active area 31, the second right subpixel group Pg2R is disposed on the opposite side of the second left subpixel group Pg2L in the horizontal direction from the first right subpixel group Pg1R.
　第１パララックスバリア４は、図１に示したように、アクティブエリア３１に沿う平面により形成される。第１パララックスバリア４は、アクティブエリア３１に沿って配置される。例えば、第１パララックスバリア４は、アクティブエリア３１の一方の面（第１面）に対向して配置される。例えば、第１パララックスバリア４は、アクティブエリア３１に対して照射器２と反対側に所定距離（第１ギャップ）ｇ１、離れて配置される。第１ギャップｇ１を規定する方法は追って詳細に説明する。 The first parallax barrier 4 is formed by a plane along the active area 31 as shown in FIG. The first parallax barrier 4 is disposed along the active area 31. For example, the first parallax barrier 4 is disposed to face one surface (first surface) of the active area 31. For example, the first parallax barrier 4 is arranged at a predetermined distance (first gap) g1 on the side opposite to the irradiator 2 with respect to the active area 31. A method for defining the first gap g1 will be described in detail later.
　具体的には、第１パララックスバリア４は、複数の、画像光を減光する減光面４１を有するように構成される。複数の減光面４１は、互いに隣接する該減光面４１の間の透光領域４２を画定するように構成される。透光領域４２は、第１パララックスバリア４に入射する光を透過させる部分である。透光領域４２は、減光面４１に比べて光透過率が高い。減光面４１は、透光領域４２に比べて光透過率が低い。 Specifically, the first parallax barrier 4 is configured to have a plurality of dimming surfaces 41 for dimming image light. The plurality of light reducing surfaces 41 are configured to define a light transmitting region 42 between the light reducing surfaces 41 adjacent to each other. The light transmitting region 42 is a portion that transmits light incident on the first parallax barrier 4. The light transmitting region 42 has a higher light transmittance than the light reducing surface 41. The light reducing surface 41 has a light transmittance lower than that of the light transmitting region 42.
　透光領域４２は、第１所定値以上の透過率で光を透過させてよい。第１所定値は、例えば１００％であってよいし、１００％に近い値であってよい。アクティブエリア３１から射出される画像光が良好に視認できる範囲であれば、第１所定値は、１００％以下の値、例えば、８０％または５０％などとしうる。減光面４１は、第１パララックスバリア４に入射する光を減光する部分としうる。言い換えれば、減光面４１は、画像表示装置１に表示される画像を減光しうる。または、減光面４１は、第１パララックスバリア４に入射する光を、利用者にとって見えにくくなるように減光する部分としうる。言い換えれば、減光面４１は、画像表示装置１に表示される画像の視認性を低下させうる。減光面４１は、第２所定値以下の透過率で光を減光してよい。第２所定値は、例えば０％であってよいし、０％に近い値であってよい。第１所定値は、透光領域４２を透過した光と減光面４１を透過した光とで十分なコントラストが確保できる範囲であれば、５０％より小さい値、例えば、１０％などであってよい。十分なコントラストの比は、例えば１００：１以上としうる。 The light transmitting region 42 may transmit light with a transmittance equal to or higher than the first predetermined value. The first predetermined value may be 100%, for example, or a value close to 100%. If the image light emitted from the active area 31 is in a range in which the image light can be viewed well, the first predetermined value may be a value of 100% or less, for example, 80% or 50%. The light reducing surface 41 may be a portion that reduces light incident on the first parallax barrier 4. In other words, the light reduction surface 41 can reduce the image displayed on the image display device 1. Alternatively, the light reduction surface 41 may be a portion that reduces the light incident on the first parallax barrier 4 so as to be difficult for the user to see. In other words, the light reduction surface 41 can reduce the visibility of an image displayed on the image display device 1. The light reducing surface 41 may attenuate light with a transmittance equal to or lower than the second predetermined value. The second predetermined value may be 0%, for example, or a value close to 0%. The first predetermined value is a value smaller than 50%, for example, 10%, as long as a sufficient contrast can be secured between the light transmitted through the light transmitting region 42 and the light transmitted through the light reducing surface 41. Good. A sufficient contrast ratio may be, for example, 100: 1 or more.
　図３に示すように、透光領域４２と減光面４１とは、アクティブエリア３１に沿う所定方向に延び、所定方向と直交する方向に繰り返し交互に配列される。所定方向は、鉛直方向と０度でない所定角度をなす方向である。仮に、透光領域４２の端部を示す線が第２方向に延びる場合、第１パララックスバリア４の開口のパターンと、表示パネル３が表示する画素パターンとの間にモアレが発生する場合がある。透光領域４２の端部を示す線が第２方向に対して０度でない所定角度を有する所定方向に延びる場合、表示画像においてモアレの発生が低減される。 As shown in FIG. 3, the translucent regions 42 and the light reducing surfaces 41 extend in a predetermined direction along the active area 31 and are alternately and repeatedly arranged in a direction orthogonal to the predetermined direction. The predetermined direction is a direction that forms a predetermined angle other than 0 degree with respect to the vertical direction. If the line indicating the end of the light-transmitting region 42 extends in the second direction, moire may occur between the opening pattern of the first parallax barrier 4 and the pixel pattern displayed on the display panel 3. is there. When the line indicating the end of the light transmitting region 42 extends in a predetermined direction having a predetermined angle that is not 0 degrees with respect to the second direction, the occurrence of moiré is reduced in the display image.
　第１パララックスバリア４は、面内の所定方向に伸びる複数の帯状領域である透光領域４２ごとに、サブピクセルから射出される画像光の光線方向を規定するように構成される。第１パララックスバリア４は、アクティブエリア３１から射出される画像光の一部を第１利用者に伝播させるように光線方向を規定するように構成される。第１パララックスバリア４は、画像光の残り一部を第１利用者と水平方向に並んで位置する第２利用者に伝播させるように光線方向を規定するように構成される。これによって、図４に示すように、第１利用者および第２利用者の眼がそれぞれ視認可能なアクティブエリア３１上の領域が定まる。以降において、第１利用者が視認可能な領域を第１可視領域３１１と称する。第２利用者が視認可能なアクティブエリア３１上の領域を第２可視領域３１２と称する。 The first parallax barrier 4 is configured to define the light beam direction of the image light emitted from the sub-pixel for each of the translucent areas 42 which are a plurality of band-like areas extending in a predetermined direction in the plane. The first parallax barrier 4 is configured to define a light beam direction so that a part of image light emitted from the active area 31 is propagated to the first user. The first parallax barrier 4 is configured to define the light beam direction so that the remaining part of the image light is propagated to the second user positioned side by side with the first user. Thereby, as shown in FIG. 4, the area | region on the active area 31 which can respectively visually recognize a 1st user and a 2nd user's eyes is decided. Hereinafter, an area visible to the first user is referred to as a first visible area 311. An area on the active area 31 that can be viewed by the second user is referred to as a second visible area 312.
　図４に示したように、第１パララックスバリア４の透光領域４２の配置間隔である第１バリアピッチＢｐ１、アクティブエリア３１と第１パララックスバリア４との間の第１ギャップｇ１は、次の式（１）および式（２）が成り立つように規定される。式（１）および式（２）において、第１画像ピッチｋ１は、図２に示したように、第１サブピクセル群Ｐｇ１および第２サブピクセル群Ｐｇ２の配置間隔である。第１適視距離ｄ１は、第１可視領域３１１の水平方向の長さが第１画像ピッチｋ１の１／２となるような、利用者の眼と第１パララックスバリア４との距離である。利用者間距離Ｌは第１利用者の両眼の中心と、第２利用者の両眼の中心との間の距離である。第１利用者および第２利用者それぞれの眼間距離Ｅが同じである場合、利用者間距離Ｌは第１利用者の左眼（第１眼）と、第２利用者の左眼との間の距離である。また、利用者間距離Ｌは第１利用者の右眼（第２眼）と、第２利用者の右眼との間の距離である。
　Ｌ：ｄ１＝ｋ１／２：ｇ１　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　式（１）
　ｄ１：Ｂｐ１＝（ｄ１＋ｇ１）：ｋ１　　　　　　　　　　　　　　式（２） As shown in FIG. 4, the first barrier pitch Bp1, which is the arrangement interval of the light transmitting regions 42 of the first parallax barrier 4, and the first gap g1 between the active area 31 and the first parallax barrier 4 are It is defined that the following expressions (1) and (2) hold. In the expressions (1) and (2), the first image pitch k1 is an arrangement interval between the first subpixel group Pg1 and the second subpixel group Pg2, as shown in FIG. The first suitable viewing distance d1 is a distance between the user's eyes and the first parallax barrier 4 such that the horizontal length of the first visible region 311 is ½ of the first image pitch k1. . The inter-user distance L is a distance between the center of both eyes of the first user and the center of both eyes of the second user. When the interocular distance E between the first user and the second user is the same, the inter-user distance L is determined by the first user's left eye (first eye) and the second user's left eye. Is the distance between. The inter-user distance L is the distance between the first user's right eye (second eye) and the second user's right eye.
L: d1 = k1 / 2: g1 Formula (1)
d1: Bp1 = (d1 + g1): k1 Formula (2)
　第１パララックスバリア４は、第２所定値未満の透過率を有するフィルムまたは板状部材で構成されてよい。この場合、減光面４１は、当該フィルムまたは板状部材で構成される。透光領域４２は、フィルムまたは板状部材に設けられた開口で構成される。フィルムは、樹脂で構成されてよいし、他の材料で構成されてよい。板状部材は、樹脂または金属等で構成されてよいし、他の材料で構成されてよい。第１パララックスバリア４は、フィルムまたは板状部材に限られず、他の種類の部材で構成されてよい。第１パララックスバリア４は、基材が減光性を有してよいし、基材に減光性を有する添加物が含有されてよい。第１パララックスバリア４は、透光性を有する基材の上に、減光性を有する部材が部分的に重なった構成としうる。第１パララックスバリア４は、透光性を有する基材の一部に、減光性を有する部材が添加された構成としうる。 The first parallax barrier 4 may be composed of a film or a plate-like member having a transmittance less than the second predetermined value. In this case, the dimming surface 41 is composed of the film or the plate member. The translucent area 42 is composed of an opening provided in the film or plate member. A film may be comprised with resin and may be comprised with another material. The plate-like member may be made of resin or metal, or may be made of other materials. The 1st parallax barrier 4 is not restricted to a film or a plate-shaped member, You may be comprised with another kind of member. As for the 1st parallax barrier 4, a base material may have a light-reducing property and the additive which has a light-reducing property may be contained in a base material. The first parallax barrier 4 may be configured such that a light-reducing member is partially overlapped on a light-transmitting substrate. The 1st parallax barrier 4 can be set as the structure by which the member which has light attenuation property was added to a part of base material which has translucency.
　第１パララックスバリア４は、液晶シャッターで構成されてよい。液晶シャッターは、印加する電圧に応じて光の透過率を制御しうる。液晶シャッターは、複数の画素で構成され、各画素における光の透過率を制御してよい。液晶シャッターは、光の透過率が高い領域または光の透過率が低い領域を任意の形状に形成してうる。第１パララックスバリア４が液晶シャッターで構成される場合、透光領域４２は、第１所定値以上の透過率を有する領域としてよい。第１パララックスバリア４が液晶シャッターで構成される場合、減光面４１は、第２所定値以下の透過率を有する領域としてよい。第１パララックスバリア４は、微小領域ごとに透光状態と減光状態とで可変可能なシャッターパネルを含む。当該シャッターパネルは、液晶シャッターの他に、ＭＥＭＳ（Micro Electro Mechanical System）シャッターを採用したＭＥＭＳシャッターパネルを含む。 The first parallax barrier 4 may be composed of a liquid crystal shutter. The liquid crystal shutter can control the light transmittance according to the applied voltage. The liquid crystal shutter may be composed of a plurality of pixels and may control the light transmittance in each pixel. The liquid crystal shutter may be formed in an arbitrary shape with a region having a high light transmittance or a region having a low light transmittance. When the 1st parallax barrier 4 is comprised with a liquid-crystal shutter, the translucent area | region 42 is good as an area | region which has the transmittance | permeability more than a 1st predetermined value. When the 1st parallax barrier 4 is comprised with a liquid-crystal shutter, the light reduction surface 41 is good also as an area | region which has the transmittance | permeability below a 2nd predetermined value. The first parallax barrier 4 includes a shutter panel that can be changed between a light transmission state and a light reduction state for each minute region. The shutter panel includes a MEMS shutter panel employing a MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical System) shutter in addition to the liquid crystal shutter.
　このように構成されることによって、図４に示したように、第１パララックスバリア４は、アクティブエリア３１から射出される画像光の一部（第１部分）を第１利用者に伝播させるように光線方向を規定するように構成される。図４に示す例では、第１パララックスバリア４は、第１可視領域３１１に含まれる第１サブピクセル群Ｐｇ１の部分から射出された画像光を第１利用者の眼に伝播させるように動作可能でありうる。したがって、第１利用者は、図５に示すように、第１可視領域３１１に含まれる第１サブピクセル群Ｐｇ１の部分に表示された画像を視認する。第１パララックスバリア４は、アクティブエリア３１から射出される画像光の第１部分と異なる一部（第２部分）を、第２利用者に伝播させるよう光線方向を規定するように構成される。第２利用者は、水平方向に第１利用者と並んで位置する。図４に示した例では、第１パララックスバリア４は、第２可視領域３１２に含まれる第２サブピクセル群Ｐｇ２の部分から射出した画像光を第２利用者の眼に伝播させるように動作可能でありうる。したがって、第２利用者は、第２可視領域３１２に含まれる第２サブピクセル群Ｐｇ２が表示する画像を視認する。 With this configuration, as shown in FIG. 4, the first parallax barrier 4 propagates a part (first part) of the image light emitted from the active area 31 to the first user. Thus, the light beam direction is defined. In the example shown in FIG. 4, the first parallax barrier 4 operates to propagate the image light emitted from the portion of the first subpixel group Pg1 included in the first visible region 311 to the eyes of the first user. It may be possible. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 5, the first user visually recognizes the image displayed in the portion of the first subpixel group Pg1 included in the first visible region 311. The first parallax barrier 4 is configured to define a light beam direction so that a part (second part) different from the first part of the image light emitted from the active area 31 is propagated to the second user. . The second user is located side by side with the first user in the horizontal direction. In the example illustrated in FIG. 4, the first parallax barrier 4 operates to propagate the image light emitted from the portion of the second subpixel group Pg2 included in the second visible region 312 to the eyes of the second user. It may be possible. Therefore, the second user visually recognizes an image displayed by the second subpixel group Pg2 included in the second visible region 312.
　第２パララックスバリア５は、アクティブエリア３１に沿う平面により形成される。第２パララックスバリア５は、複数の、画像光を減光する減光面５１を有する。複数の減光面５１は、互いに隣接する該減光面５１の間の透光領域５２を画定するように構成される。第２パララックスバリア５は、アクティブエリア３１に沿って、奥行方向において第１パララックスバリア４とは異なる位置に配置される。例えば、第２パララックスバリア５は、アクティブエリア３１における第１面とは反対側の第２面に対向して配置される。例えば、第２パララックスバリア５は、図１に示したように、アクティブエリア３１に対して照射器２側に所定距離（第２ギャップ）ｇ２、離れて配置される。第２ギャップｇ２を規定する方法は追って詳細に説明する。 The second parallax barrier 5 is formed by a plane along the active area 31. The second parallax barrier 5 has a plurality of dimming surfaces 51 for dimming image light. The plurality of light reducing surfaces 51 are configured to define a light transmitting region 52 between the light reducing surfaces 51 adjacent to each other. The second parallax barrier 5 is disposed along the active area 31 at a position different from the first parallax barrier 4 in the depth direction. For example, the second parallax barrier 5 is disposed to face the second surface of the active area 31 opposite to the first surface. For example, as shown in FIG. 1, the second parallax barrier 5 is disposed at a predetermined distance (second gap) g <b> 2 on the irradiator 2 side with respect to the active area 31. A method for defining the second gap g2 will be described in detail later.
　第２パララックスバリア５は、複数の帯状領域ごとに第１パララックスバリア４によって規定される画像光の光線方向を規定するように構成される。具体的には、第２パララックスバリア５は、複数の、画像光を減光する減光面５１を有する。複数の減光面５１は、互いに隣接する該減光面５１の間の透光領域５２を画定するように構成される。第２パララックスバリア５は、図６に示すように、面内の所定方向に伸びる複数の帯状領域である透光領域５２ごとに、サブピクセルから射出される画像光の伝播方向である光線方向を規定するように構成される。所定方向は、第１パララックスバリア４における透光領域４２と減光面４１とが延びる方向と同じ方向である。 The second parallax barrier 5 is configured to define the light beam direction of the image light defined by the first parallax barrier 4 for each of a plurality of band-like regions. Specifically, the second parallax barrier 5 has a plurality of dimming surfaces 51 for dimming image light. The plurality of light reducing surfaces 51 are configured to define a light transmitting region 52 between the light reducing surfaces 51 adjacent to each other. As shown in FIG. 6, the second parallax barrier 5 has a light beam direction that is a propagation direction of image light emitted from the sub-pixel for each of the light-transmitting regions 52 that are a plurality of band-like regions extending in a predetermined direction in the plane. Is configured to prescribe. The predetermined direction is the same direction as the direction in which the light transmitting region 42 and the light reducing surface 41 in the first parallax barrier 4 extend.
　透光領域５２は、第３所定値以上の透過率で光を透過させてよい。第３所定値は、例えば１００％であってよいし、１００％に近い値であってよい。アクティブエリア３１から射出される画像光が良好に視認できる範囲であれば、第３所定値は、１００％以下の値、例えば、８０％または５０％などとしうる。減光面５１は、第２パララックスバリア５に入射する光を減光する部分としうる。言い換えれば、減光面５１は、画像表示装置１に表示される画像を減光しうる。または、減光面５１は、第２パララックスバリア５に入射する光を、利用者にとって見えにくくなるように減光する部分としうる。言い換えれば、減光面５１は、画像表示装置１に表示される画像の視認性を低下させうる。減光面５１は、第４所定値以下の透過率で光を減光してよい。第４所定値は、例えば０％であってよいし、０％に近い値であってよい。第３所定値は、透光領域５２を透過した光と減光面５１を透過した光とで十分なコントラストが確保できる範囲であれば、５０％より小さい値、例えば、１０％などであってよい。十分なコントラストの比は、例えば１００：１以上としうる。 The light transmitting region 52 may transmit light with a transmittance equal to or higher than a third predetermined value. The third predetermined value may be 100%, for example, or a value close to 100%. If the image light emitted from the active area 31 is in a range where the image light can be satisfactorily viewed, the third predetermined value may be a value of 100% or less, such as 80% or 50%. The light reduction surface 51 can be a portion that reduces light incident on the second parallax barrier 5. In other words, the light reduction surface 51 can reduce the image displayed on the image display device 1. Alternatively, the light reduction surface 51 may be a portion that reduces the light incident on the second parallax barrier 5 so as to be difficult for the user to see. In other words, the light reduction surface 51 can reduce the visibility of the image displayed on the image display device 1. The light reducing surface 51 may attenuate light with a transmittance equal to or lower than a fourth predetermined value. The fourth predetermined value may be, for example, 0% or a value close to 0%. The third predetermined value is a value smaller than 50%, for example, 10%, as long as sufficient contrast can be secured between the light transmitted through the light transmitting region 52 and the light transmitted through the light reducing surface 51. Good. A sufficient contrast ratio may be, for example, 100: 1 or more.
　第２パララックスバリア５は、第１可視領域３１１から射出した画像光の一部を第１利用者の左眼に伝播させ、他の一部を第１利用者の右眼に伝播させるように画像光の進行方向を規定するように構成される。第２パララックスバリア５がサブピクセルから射出される画像光を規定することによって、図７に示すように、第１可視領域３１１内の、第１利用者の左眼および右眼がそれぞれ視認可能なアクティブエリア３１上の領域が定まる。以降において、第１可視領域３１１内の第１利用者の左眼が視認可能な領域を第１左可視領域３１１Ｌと称する。第１可視領域３１１内の第１利用者の右眼が視認可能な領域を第１右可視領域３１１Ｒと称する。 The second parallax barrier 5 transmits a part of the image light emitted from the first visible region 311 to the left eye of the first user and the other part to the right eye of the first user. It is comprised so that the advancing direction of image light may be prescribed | regulated. By defining the image light emitted from the sub-pixel by the second parallax barrier 5, as shown in FIG. 7, the left eye and the right eye of the first user can be visually recognized in the first visible region 311. A region on the active area 31 is determined. Hereinafter, a region in the first visible region 311 that is visible to the left eye of the first user is referred to as a first left visible region 311L. An area in the first visible area 311 that is visible to the right eye of the first user is referred to as a first right visible area 311R.
　第２パララックスバリア５は、第２可視領域３１２から射出した画像光の一部を第２利用者の左眼に伝播させ、他の一部を第２利用者の右眼に伝播させるように画像光の進行方向を規定するように構成される。第２パララックスバリア５がサブピクセルから射出される画像光を規定することによって、第２可視領域３１２内の、第２利用者の左眼および右眼がそれぞれ視認可能なアクティブエリア３１上の領域が定まる。以降において、第２可視領域３１２内の第１利用者の左眼が視認可能な領域を第２左可視領域３１２Ｌと称する。第２可視領域３１２内の第２利用者の右眼が視認可能な領域を第２右可視領域３１２Ｒと称する。 The second parallax barrier 5 propagates a part of the image light emitted from the second visible region 312 to the left eye of the second user and another part to the right eye of the second user. It is comprised so that the advancing direction of image light may be prescribed | regulated. The second parallax barrier 5 defines the image light emitted from the sub-pixels, so that the region on the active area 31 in the second visible region 312 that can be visually recognized by the left eye and the right eye of the second user. Is determined. Hereinafter, a region in the second visible region 312 that is visible to the left eye of the first user is referred to as a second left visible region 312L. A region in the second visible region 312 that is visible to the right eye of the second user is referred to as a second right visible region 312R.
　図７に示したように、第２パララックスバリア５の透光領域５２の配置間隔である第２バリアピッチＢｐ２、アクティブエリア３１と第２パララックスバリア５との間の第２ギャップｇ２は、次の式（３）および式（４）が成り立つように規定される。式（３）および式（４）において、第２画像ピッチｋ２は、第１サブピクセル群Ｐｇ１の水平方向の幅である。第２画像ピッチｋ２は、第２サブピクセル群Ｐｇ２の水平方向の幅でもある。第２適視距離ｄ２は、利用者の眼と第２パララックスバリア５との距離である。眼間距離Ｅは利用者の右眼と左眼との間の距離である。
　Ｅ：ｄ２＝ｋ２／２：ｇ２　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　式（３）
　ｄ２：Ｂｐ２＝（ｄ２－ｇ２）：ｋ２　　　　　　　　　　　　式（４） As shown in FIG. 7, the second barrier pitch Bp2 that is the arrangement interval of the light transmitting regions 52 of the second parallax barrier 5 and the second gap g2 between the active area 31 and the second parallax barrier 5 are It is defined so that the following expressions (3) and (4) hold. In Expressions (3) and (4), the second image pitch k2 is the horizontal width of the first subpixel group Pg1. The second image pitch k2 is also the horizontal width of the second subpixel group Pg2. The second suitable viewing distance d2 is the distance between the user's eyes and the second parallax barrier 5. The interocular distance E is the distance between the user's right eye and left eye.
E: d2 = k2 / 2: g2 Formula (3)
d2: Bp2 = (d2-g2): k2 Formula (4)
　第２パララックスバリア５は、第４所定値未満の透過率を有するフィルムまたは板状部材で構成されてよい。この場合、減光面５１は、当該フィルムまたは板状部材で構成される。透光領域５２は、フィルムまたは板状部材に設けられた開口で構成される。第２パララックスバリア５は、シャッターパネルで構成されてよい。 The second parallax barrier 5 may be composed of a film or a plate-like member having a transmittance less than a fourth predetermined value. In this case, the light-reducing surface 51 is composed of the film or plate member. The translucent area 52 is configured by an opening provided in a film or a plate-like member. The second parallax barrier 5 may be composed of a shutter panel.
　このように構成されることによって、第２パララックスバリア５は、アクティブエリア３１から射出される画像光の第１部分に含まれる一部（第３部分）を第１利用者の左眼に伝播させるように画像光を規定するように構成される。図８に示す例では、第２パララックスバリア５は、第１サブピクセル群Ｐｇ１内の第１左サブピクセル群Ｐｇ１Ｌから射出した画像光を第１利用者の左眼に伝播させるように画像光を規定するように構成される。したがって、図９に示すように、第１利用者は、第２パララックスバリア５を介して第１左可視領域３１１Ｌに含まれる第１左サブピクセル群Ｐｇ１Ｌの部分を視認する。第２パララックスバリア５は、アクティブエリア３１から射出される画像光の第１部分に含まれる第３部分とは異なる一部（第４部分）を第１利用者の右眼に伝播させるように光線方向を規定するように構成される。図８に示した例では、第２パララックスバリア５は、第１サブピクセル群Ｐｇ１の第１右サブピクセル群Ｐｇ１Ｒから射出した画像光を第１利用者の右眼に伝播させるように画像光を規定するように構成される。したがって、第１利用者の右眼は、第２パララックスバリア５を介して第１右可視領域３１１Ｒに含まれる第１右サブピクセル群Ｐｇ１Ｒの部分を視認する。 With this configuration, the second parallax barrier 5 propagates a part (third part) included in the first part of the image light emitted from the active area 31 to the left eye of the first user. It is comprised so that image light may be prescribed | regulated. In the example shown in FIG. 8, the second parallax barrier 5 causes the image light emitted from the first left subpixel group Pg1L in the first subpixel group Pg1 to propagate to the left eye of the first user. Is configured to prescribe. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 9, the first user visually recognizes the portion of the first left subpixel group Pg1L included in the first left visible region 311L through the second parallax barrier 5. The second parallax barrier 5 transmits a part (fourth part) different from the third part included in the first part of the image light emitted from the active area 31 to the right eye of the first user. It is configured to define a ray direction. In the example illustrated in FIG. 8, the second parallax barrier 5 causes the image light emitted from the first right subpixel group Pg1R of the first subpixel group Pg1 to propagate to the right eye of the first user. Is configured to prescribe. Therefore, the right eye of the first user visually recognizes the portion of the first right subpixel group Pg1R included in the first right visible region 311R through the second parallax barrier 5.
　第２パララックスバリア５は、アクティブエリア３１から射出された画像光の第２部分に含まれる一部（第５部分）を第２利用者の左眼に伝播させるように画像光を規定するように構成される。具体的には、第２パララックスバリア５は、第２サブピクセル群Ｐｇ２の第２左サブピクセル群Ｐｇ２Ｌから射出した画像光を第２利用者の左眼に伝播させるように画像光を規定するように構成される。したがって、第２利用者は、第２パララックスバリア５を介して第２左可視領域３１２Ｌに含まれる第２左サブピクセル群Ｐｇ２Ｌの部分を視認する。第２パララックスバリア５は、アクティブエリア３１から射出された画像光の第２部分に含まれる第５部分とは異なる一部（第６部分）を第２利用者の右眼に伝播させるように画像光の光線方向を規定するように構成される。具体的には、第２パララックスバリア５は、第２サブピクセル群Ｐｇ２の第２右サブピクセル群Ｐｇ２Ｒから射出した画像光を第２利用者の右眼に伝播させるように画像光を規定するように構成される。したがって、第２利用者は、第２パララックスバリア５を介して、第２右可視領域３１２Ｒに含まれる第２右サブピクセル群Ｐｇ２Ｒの部分を視認する。 The second parallax barrier 5 defines the image light so that a part (fifth part) included in the second part of the image light emitted from the active area 31 is propagated to the left eye of the second user. Configured. Specifically, the second parallax barrier 5 defines the image light so that the image light emitted from the second left subpixel group Pg2L of the second subpixel group Pg2 is propagated to the left eye of the second user. Configured as follows. Accordingly, the second user visually recognizes the portion of the second left subpixel group Pg2L included in the second left visible region 312L through the second parallax barrier 5. The second parallax barrier 5 transmits a part (sixth part) different from the fifth part included in the second part of the image light emitted from the active area 31 to the right eye of the second user. It is comprised so that the light ray direction of image light may be prescribed | regulated. Specifically, the second parallax barrier 5 defines the image light so that the image light emitted from the second right subpixel group Pg2R of the second subpixel group Pg2 is propagated to the right eye of the second user. Configured as follows. Therefore, the second user visually recognizes the portion of the second right subpixel group Pg2R included in the second right visible region 312R through the second parallax barrier 5.
　コントローラ６は、画像表示装置１の各構成要素に接続され、各構成要素を制御しうる。コントローラ６によって制御される構成要素は、表示パネル３を含む。コントローラ６は、例えばプロセッサとして構成される。コントローラ６は、１以上のプロセッサを含んでよい。プロセッサは、特定のプログラムを読み込ませて特定の機能を実行する汎用のプロセッサ、および特定の処理に特化した専用のプロセッサを含んでよい。専用のプロセッサは、特定用途向けＩＣ（ＡＳＩＣ：Application Specific Integrated Circuit）を含んでよい。プロセッサは、プログラマブルロジックデバイス（ＰＬＤ：Programmable Logic Device）を含んでよい。ＰＬＤは、ＦＰＧＡ（Field-Programmable Gate Array）を含んでよい。コントローラ６は、１つまたは複数のプロセッサが協働するＳｏＣ（System-on-a-Chip）、およびＳｉＰ（System In a Package）のいずれかであってよい。コントローラ６は、記憶部を備え、記憶部に各種情報、または画像表示装置１の各構成要素を動作させるためのプログラム等を格納してよい。記憶部は、例えば半導体メモリ等で構成されてよい。記憶部は、コントローラ６のワークメモリとして機能してよい。 The controller 6 is connected to each component of the image display device 1 and can control each component. The components controlled by the controller 6 include the display panel 3. The controller 6 is configured as a processor, for example. The controller 6 may include one or more processors. The processor may include a general-purpose processor that reads a specific program and executes a specific function, and a dedicated processor specialized for a specific process. The dedicated processor may include an application specific IC (ASIC: Application Specific Circuit). The processor may include a programmable logic device (PLD: Programmable Logic Device). The PLD may include an FPGA (Field-Programmable Gate Array). The controller 6 may be either SoC (System-on-a-Chip) in which one or a plurality of processors cooperate, and SiP (System-In-a-Package). The controller 6 includes a storage unit, and may store various information or a program for operating each component of the image display device 1 in the storage unit. The storage unit may be configured by, for example, a semiconductor memory. The storage unit may function as a work memory for the controller 6.
　ここで、コントローラ６が実行する処理について詳細に説明する。コントローラ６は、画像表示装置１が受信した、あるいはユーザの操作によって画像表示装置１に入力された制御信号に基づいて、表示パネル３に表示させる画像を制御するように構成される。具体的には、コントローラ６は、制御信号に基づいて、３次元画像を表示する。コントローラ６は、３次元画像に加え２次元画像を表示可能に構成されてよい。この場合、第２パララックスバリア５は液晶シャッターで構成される。コントローラ６は、制御信号に基づいて２次元画像と３次元画像との間で表示画像の切り替えを行いうる。 Here, the processing executed by the controller 6 will be described in detail. The controller 6 is configured to control an image to be displayed on the display panel 3 based on a control signal received by the image display device 1 or input to the image display device 1 by a user operation. Specifically, the controller 6 displays a three-dimensional image based on the control signal. The controller 6 may be configured to display a two-dimensional image in addition to the three-dimensional image. In this case, the second parallax barrier 5 is composed of a liquid crystal shutter. The controller 6 can switch the display image between the two-dimensional image and the three-dimensional image based on the control signal.
　（第１利用者および第２利用者に３次元画像を表示する場合）
　コントローラ６は、第１利用者の左眼および右眼に伝播する画像光の部分（第３部分および第４部分）を射出するそれぞれのサブピクセルに互いに視差を有する画像（３次元画像）を表示させてよい。コントローラ６は、第２利用者の左眼および右眼に伝播する画像光の部分（第５部分および第６部分）を射出するそれぞれのサブピクセルに互いに視差を有する画像を表示させてよい。例えば、コントローラ６は、第１左サブピクセル群Ｐｇ１Ｌおよび第１右サブピクセル群Ｐｇ１Ｒに、第１利用者用の左眼画像および右眼画像をそれぞれ表示させる。左眼画像および右眼画像は、３次元表示用の画像であって互いに視差を有する。コントローラ６は、第２左サブピクセル群Ｐｇ２Ｌおよび第２右サブピクセル群Ｐｇ２Ｒに、第２利用者用の左眼画像および右眼画像をそれぞれ表示させるように動作可能でありうる。 (When displaying a three-dimensional image to the first user and the second user)
The controller 6 displays an image (three-dimensional image) having a parallax with each of the sub-pixels that emit image light portions (third portion and fourth portion) propagating to the left and right eyes of the first user. You may let me. The controller 6 may display images having parallax on each of the sub-pixels that emit portions of the image light (fifth portion and sixth portion) that propagate to the left and right eyes of the second user. For example, the controller 6 causes the first left sub-pixel group Pg1L and the first right sub-pixel group Pg1R to display the left eye image and the right eye image for the first user, respectively. The left eye image and the right eye image are images for three-dimensional display and have parallax. The controller 6 may be operable to display the left eye image and the right eye image for the second user on the second left subpixel group Pg2L and the second right subpixel group Pg2R, respectively.
　（第１利用者に３次元画像を表示し、第２利用者に２次元画像を表示する場合）
　コントローラ６は、第１利用者の左眼および右眼に伝播する画像光の部分（第３部分および第４部分）を射出するそれぞれのサブピクセルに互いに視差を有する画像を表示させてよい。例えば、コントローラ６は、第１利用者の左眼および右眼に伝播する画像光を射出するそれぞれ第１左サブピクセル群Ｐｇ１Ｌおよび第１右サブピクセル群Ｐｇ１Ｒのサブピクセルに互いに視差を有する画像を表示させてよい。 (When displaying a three-dimensional image to the first user and displaying a two-dimensional image to the second user)
The controller 6 may display an image having a parallax on each of the sub-pixels that emit portions of the image light (third portion and fourth portion) that propagate to the left and right eyes of the first user. For example, the controller 6 outputs images having parallax to the subpixels of the first left subpixel group Pg1L and the first right subpixel group Pg1R, respectively, which emit image light propagating to the left eye and the right eye of the first user. You may display.
　コントローラ６は、第２利用者の左眼および右眼に伝播する画像光の部分（第２部分）を射出するサブピクセルに互いに視差を有さない画像（２次元画像）を表示させてよい。例えば、コントローラ６は、第２可視領域３１２に含まれる第２左サブピクセル群Ｐｇ２Ｌおよび第２右サブピクセル群Ｐｇ２Ｒのサブピクセルに視差を有さない画像を表示させてよい。コントローラ６は、第２パララックスバリア５の第２可視領域３１２に対応する部分に減光面５１を設けないようにする。具体的には、コントローラ６は、第２パララックスバリア５を構成する液晶シャッターの第２可視領域３１２に対応する部分の透過率を一様に透光領域５２の透過率と同程度にするように動作可能でありうる。これにより、第２可視領域３１２から射出された２次元画像の画像光は、第２利用者の右眼と左眼との両方に到達する。したがって、第２利用者の右眼と左眼とはそれぞれ同一の画像を視認する。 The controller 6 may display an image (two-dimensional image) that has no parallax on the sub-pixels that emit the part of the image light (second part) propagating to the left and right eyes of the second user. For example, the controller 6 may display an image having no parallax in the subpixels of the second left subpixel group Pg2L and the second right subpixel group Pg2R included in the second visible region 312. The controller 6 does not provide the dimming surface 51 in a portion corresponding to the second visible region 312 of the second parallax barrier 5. Specifically, the controller 6 uniformly sets the transmittance of the portion corresponding to the second visible region 312 of the liquid crystal shutter constituting the second parallax barrier 5 to be approximately the same as the transmittance of the light transmitting region 52. May be operable. Thereby, the image light of the two-dimensional image emitted from the second visible region 312 reaches both the right eye and the left eye of the second user. Therefore, the right image and the left eye of the second user visually recognize the same image.
　（第１利用者および第２利用者に２次元画像を表示する場合）
　コントローラ６は、第１利用者および第２利用者のそれぞれ左眼および右眼に伝播する画像光の部分（第１部分および第２部分）を射出する第１可視領域３１１および第２可視領域３１２それぞれのサブピクセルに視差を有さない画像を表示させてよい。具体的には、コントローラ６は、第１左サブピクセル群Ｐｇ１Ｌおよび第１右サブピクセル群Ｐｇ１Ｒのサブピクセルに、第１利用者用の２次元画像を表示させるように動作可能でありうる。コントローラ６は、第２左サブピクセル群Ｐｇ２Ｌおよび第２右サブピクセル群Ｐｇ２Ｒのサブピクセルに、第２利用者用の２次元画像を表示させるように動作可能でありうる。コントローラ６は、第２パララックスバリア５に減光面５１を設けないようにする。具体的には、コントローラ６は、第２パララックスバリア５を構成する液晶シャッターの透過率を一様に透光領域５２の透過率と同程度にするように動作可能でありうる。これにより、アクティブエリア３１から射出された第１利用者用の２次元画像の画像光は、第１利用者の右眼と左眼との両方に到達する。したがって、第１利用者の右眼と左眼とはそれぞれ同一の２次元画像を視認する。アクティブエリア３１から射出された第２利用者用の２次元画像の画像光は、第２利用者の右眼と左眼との両方に到達する。第２利用者の右眼と左眼とはそれぞれ同一の２次元画像を視認する。 (When displaying a two-dimensional image to the first user and the second user)
The controller 6 emits the first visible region 311 and the second visible region 312 that emit portions of the image light (first portion and second portion) that propagate to the left eye and the right eye of the first user and the second user, respectively. An image having no parallax may be displayed on each subpixel. Specifically, the controller 6 may be operable to display a two-dimensional image for the first user on the sub-pixels of the first left sub-pixel group Pg1L and the first right sub-pixel group Pg1R. The controller 6 may be operable to cause the subpixels of the second left subpixel group Pg2L and the second right subpixel group Pg2R to display a two-dimensional image for the second user. The controller 6 does not provide the dimming surface 51 on the second parallax barrier 5. Specifically, the controller 6 may be operable to make the transmittance of the liquid crystal shutters constituting the second parallax barrier 5 uniformly equal to the transmittance of the light transmitting region 52. Thereby, the image light of the two-dimensional image for the first user emitted from the active area 31 reaches both the right eye and the left eye of the first user. Therefore, the right eye and the left eye of the first user visually recognize the same two-dimensional image. The image light of the two-dimensional image for the second user emitted from the active area 31 reaches both the right eye and the left eye of the second user. The right eye and the left eye of the second user visually recognize the same two-dimensional image.
　以上説明したように、第１実施形態では、画像表示装置１は、アクティブエリア３１に沿って配置される第１パララックスバリア４を備えるように構成される。画像表示装置１は、アクティブエリア３１に沿って、アクティブエリア３１の法線方向において第１パララックスバリア４とは異なる位置に配置される第２パララックスバリア５とを備えるように構成される。そして、第１パララックスバリア４は、アクティブエリア３１から射出される画像光の第１部分を第１利用者に伝播させるように画像光の第１部分の光線方向を規定するように構成される。第１パララックスバリア４は、画像光の第１部分と異なる第２部分を、水平方向に第１利用者と並んで位置する第２利用者に伝播させるように画像光の第２部分の光線方向を規定するように構成される。第２パララックスバリア５は、画像光の第１部分に含まれる第３部分を第１利用者の第１眼に伝播させる。第２パララックスバリア５は、画像光の第１部分に含まれる第３部分とは異なる第４の部分を第１利用者の第２眼に伝播させるように画像光の光線方向を規定するように構成される。そのため、水平方向に並んで位置する複数の利用者それぞれが異なる画像を視認し、少なくとも一の利用者は、左眼と右眼とで異なる画像を視認することができる。 As described above, in the first embodiment, the image display device 1 is configured to include the first parallax barrier 4 disposed along the active area 31. The image display device 1 is configured to include a second parallax barrier 5 disposed along the active area 31 at a position different from the first parallax barrier 4 in the normal direction of the active area 31. And the 1st parallax barrier 4 is comprised so that the light ray direction of the 1st part of image light may be prescribed | regulated so that the 1st user may propagate the 1st part of the image light inject | emitted from the active area 31. . The first parallax barrier 4 is a light beam of the second part of the image light so that the second part different from the first part of the image light is propagated to the second user positioned side by side with the first user in the horizontal direction. Configured to define direction. The second parallax barrier 5 propagates the third portion included in the first portion of the image light to the first eye of the first user. The second parallax barrier 5 defines the light beam direction of the image light so as to propagate a fourth portion different from the third portion included in the first portion of the image light to the second eye of the first user. Configured. Therefore, a plurality of users positioned side by side in the horizontal direction can visually recognize different images, and at least one user can visually recognize different images for the left eye and the right eye.
　また、第１実施形態では、画像表示装置１において、第１パララックスバリア４は、アクティブエリア３１から射出される画像光の一部を第１利用者に伝播させるように光線方向を規定するように構成される。第１パララックスバリア４は、画像光の残り一部を第２利用者に伝播させるように光線方向を規定するように構成される。第２パララックスバリア５は、第１利用者に伝播させる画像光のうちの一部を第１利用者の左眼に伝播させ、残りの一部を第１利用者の右眼に伝播させるように構成される。したがって、第１利用者の眼は、第２利用者とは異なる画像を視認することができる。さらに、第１利用者の左眼と右眼とは互いに異なる画像を視認することができるため、第１利用者の左眼と右眼とに互いに視差を有する画像を伝搬させることにより、第１利用者は３次元画像を視認することができる。 In the first embodiment, in the image display device 1, the first parallax barrier 4 defines the light beam direction so that a part of the image light emitted from the active area 31 is propagated to the first user. Configured. The first parallax barrier 4 is configured to define the light beam direction so as to propagate the remaining part of the image light to the second user. The second parallax barrier 5 causes a part of the image light to be propagated to the first user to propagate to the left eye of the first user and the remaining part to propagate to the right eye of the first user. Configured. Accordingly, the first user's eyes can visually recognize an image different from that of the second user. Furthermore, since the first user's left eye and right eye can visually recognize different images, the first user's left eye and right eye can propagate the images having parallax to each other. The user can visually recognize the three-dimensional image.
　また、第１実施形態では、画像表示装置１において、第２パララックスバリア５は、第２利用者に伝播させる画像光のうちの一部を第２利用者の左眼に伝播させ、残りの一部を第２利用者の右眼に伝播させるように構成される。したがって、第１利用者および第２利用者は互いに異なる３次元画像を視認することができる。さらに、第１利用者の左眼と右眼とは互いに異なる画像を視認することができるため、第１利用者は３次元画像を視認することができる。 In the first embodiment, in the image display device 1, the second parallax barrier 5 causes a part of image light to be propagated to the second user to propagate to the left eye of the second user, and the remaining A part is configured to propagate to the right eye of the second user. Therefore, the first user and the second user can visually recognize different three-dimensional images. Furthermore, since the left eye and the right eye of the first user can visually recognize different images, the first user can visually recognize the three-dimensional image.
　続いて、本開示の第２実施形態について、図面を参照して説明する。 Subsequently, a second embodiment of the present disclosure will be described with reference to the drawings.
　本開示の第２実施形態に係る画像表示装置１は、図１０に示すように、検出装置７と通信する点で第１実施形態と異なる。第２実施形態においては、第１実施形態と異なる構成のみについて説明する。第２実施形態において説明を省略する構成については第１実施形態と同一である。 The image display device 1 according to the second embodiment of the present disclosure is different from the first embodiment in that it communicates with the detection device 7 as shown in FIG. In the second embodiment, only the configuration different from the first embodiment will be described. The configuration that is not described in the second embodiment is the same as that of the first embodiment.
　検出装置７は、利用者の左眼および右眼のいずれか一方の位置を検出し、コントローラ６に出力するように構成される。検出装置７は、例えば、カメラを備えてよい。検出装置７は、カメラによって利用者の顔を撮影してよい。検出装置７は、カメラの撮影画像から左眼および右眼の少なくとも一方の位置を検出してよい。検出装置７は、１個のカメラの撮影画像から、左眼および右眼の少なくとも一方の位置を３次元空間の座標として検出してよい。検出装置７は、２個以上のカメラの撮影画像から、左眼および右眼の少なくとも一方の位置を３次元空間の座標として検出してよい。 The detection device 7 is configured to detect the position of either the left eye or the right eye of the user and output it to the controller 6. The detection device 7 may include a camera, for example. The detection device 7 may photograph the user's face with a camera. The detection device 7 may detect the position of at least one of the left eye and the right eye from a captured image of the camera. The detection device 7 may detect the position of at least one of the left eye and the right eye as coordinates in a three-dimensional space from a captured image of one camera. The detection device 7 may detect the position of at least one of the left eye and the right eye as coordinates in a three-dimensional space from images captured by two or more cameras.
　検出装置７は、カメラを備えず、装置外のカメラに接続されていてよい。検出装置７は、装置外のカメラからの信号を入力する入力端子を備えてよい。装置外のカメラは、入力端子に直接的に接続されてよい。装置外のカメラは、共有のネットワークを介して入力端子に間接的に接続されてよい。カメラを備えない検出装置７は、カメラが映像信号を入力する入力端子を備えてよい。カメラを備えない検出装置７は、入力端子に入力された映像信号から左眼および右眼の少なくとも一方の位置を検出してよい。 The detection device 7 does not include a camera and may be connected to a camera outside the device. The detection device 7 may include an input terminal for inputting a signal from a camera outside the device. The camera outside the apparatus may be directly connected to the input terminal. The camera outside the apparatus may be indirectly connected to the input terminal via a shared network. The detection device 7 that does not include a camera may include an input terminal through which the camera inputs a video signal. The detection device 7 that does not include a camera may detect the position of at least one of the left eye and the right eye from the video signal input to the input terminal.
　検出装置７は、例えば、センサを備えてよい。センサは、超音波センサ又は光センサ等であってよい。検出装置７は、センサによって利用者の頭部の位置を検出し、頭部の位置に基づいて左眼および右眼の少なくとも一方の位置を検出してよい。検出装置７は、１個又は２個以上のセンサによって、左眼および右眼の少なくとも一方の位置を３次元空間の座標として検出してよい。 The detection device 7 may include a sensor, for example. The sensor may be an ultrasonic sensor or an optical sensor. The detection device 7 may detect the position of the user's head using a sensor, and may detect the position of at least one of the left eye and the right eye based on the position of the head. The detection device 7 may detect the position of at least one of the left eye and the right eye as coordinates in a three-dimensional space with one or more sensors.
　検出装置７は、左眼および右眼の少なくとも一方の位置の検出結果に基づいて、両眼の配列方向に沿った、左眼および右眼の移動距離を検出してよい。 The detection device 7 may detect the movement distance of the left eye and the right eye along the arrangement direction of both eyes based on the detection result of at least one position of the left eye and the right eye.
　コントローラ６は、検出装置７によって検出された第１利用者の眼の位置に基づいて第１左可視領域３１１Ｌおよび第１右可視領域３１１Ｒの位置を判定するように構成される。 The controller 6 is configured to determine the positions of the first left visible region 311L and the first right visible region 311R based on the position of the first user's eye detected by the detection device 7.
　コントローラ６は、第１利用者の眼の位置に基づいて判定した第１左可視領域３１１Ｌおよび第１右可視領域３１１Ｒの位置に応じて、各サブピクセルに表示させる画像を制御するように構成される。コントローラ６が表示させる画像を制御する方法は、第１実施形態と同一である。 The controller 6 is configured to control an image to be displayed on each subpixel according to the positions of the first left visible area 311L and the first right visible area 311R determined based on the position of the eyes of the first user. The The method for controlling the image displayed by the controller 6 is the same as in the first embodiment.
　図１１に示すように、第１利用者の左眼が水平方向の変位位置ずれることによって、第１左可視領域３１１Ｌがずれた領域３１１Ｌ’には、画像光が利用者の左眼に認識されにくい領域もしくは到達しない領域が含まれる。このため、変位位置にある左眼は、基準位置における第１左可視領域３１１Ｌの一部を視認することができず、第１左可視領域３１１Ｌではない領域の一部を視認する。したがって、第１利用者の眼に発生するクロストークが増加する。このクロストークを低減させるために、コントローラ６は、利用者の眼の位置に応じて、表示パネル３の各サブピクセルに表示させる画像を変更してよい。例えば、コントローラ６は、利用者が変位位置にある場合、該変位位置において利用者の左眼が視認する領域に含まれるサブピクセルに左眼画像を表示させてよい。このとき、コントローラ６は、第２利用者の視認する第２可視領域３１２と重複する一部のサブピクセルに、第１利用者用の左眼画像を表示させてよい。これにより、第２利用者は正常な画像を視認することができないことがある。しかし、例えば、第１利用者に対して、該第１利用者の眼の位置が基準位置からずれていても適切な３次元画像を表示しなければならない場合に、クロストークを減らすことができる。 As shown in FIG. 11, the image light is recognized by the user's left eye in the region 311L ′ where the first left visible region 311L is displaced by the displacement of the first user's left eye in the horizontal displacement position. Includes difficult or unreachable areas. For this reason, the left eye at the displacement position cannot visually recognize a part of the first left visible area 311L at the reference position and visually recognizes a part of the area that is not the first left visible area 311L. Therefore, crosstalk generated in the first user's eyes increases. In order to reduce this crosstalk, the controller 6 may change the image displayed on each subpixel of the display panel 3 according to the position of the user's eyes. For example, when the user is at the displacement position, the controller 6 may cause the left eye image to be displayed on the sub-pixel included in the region visually recognized by the user's left eye at the displacement position. At this time, the controller 6 may display the left-eye image for the first user on some of the sub-pixels that overlap with the second visible region 312 that is visually recognized by the second user. As a result, the second user may not be able to visually recognize a normal image. However, for example, when an appropriate three-dimensional image must be displayed for the first user even if the eye position of the first user is deviated from the reference position, crosstalk can be reduced. .
　上述の実施形態は代表的な例として説明したが、本発明の趣旨および範囲内で、多くの変更および置換ができることは当業者に明らかである。したがって、本発明は、上述の実施形態によって制限するものと解するべきではなく、特許請求の範囲から逸脱することなく、種々の変形および変更が可能である。例えば、実施形態および実施例に記載の複数の構成ブロックを１つに組合せたり、あるいは１つの構成ブロックを分割したりすることが可能である。 Although the above-described embodiment has been described as a representative example, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that many changes and substitutions can be made within the spirit and scope of the present invention. Accordingly, the present invention should not be construed as being limited by the above-described embodiments, and various modifications and changes can be made without departing from the scope of the claims. For example, a plurality of constituent blocks described in the embodiments and examples can be combined into one, or one constituent block can be divided.
　上述の実施形態では、第１パララックスバリア４は、表示パネル３と照射器２との間に配置される。第２パララックスバリア５は、アクティブエリア３１の照射器２とは反対側に配置される。しかし、第１パララックスバリア４および第２パララックスバリア５はアクティブエリア３１の同じ側に奥行方向で異なる位置に配置されてよい。具体的には、第１パララックスバリア４および第２パララックスバリア５は、ともに、表示パネル３と照射器２との間に配置されてよい。第１パララックスバリア４および第２パララックスバリア５は、ともに、表示パネル３の照射器２とは反対側に配置されてよい。 In the above-described embodiment, the first parallax barrier 4 is disposed between the display panel 3 and the irradiator 2. The second parallax barrier 5 is disposed on the side of the active area 31 opposite to the irradiator 2. However, the first parallax barrier 4 and the second parallax barrier 5 may be arranged on the same side of the active area 31 at different positions in the depth direction. Specifically, both the first parallax barrier 4 and the second parallax barrier 5 may be disposed between the display panel 3 and the irradiator 2. Both the first parallax barrier 4 and the second parallax barrier 5 may be disposed on the opposite side of the display panel 3 from the irradiator 2.
　上述の実施形態では、第１パララックスバリア４によって、表示パネル３から射出された画像光の一部が第１利用者に到達し、画像光の他の一部が第２利用者に到達するよう、画像光の進行方向が規定されるように構成された。そして、第２パララックスバリア５によって、第１利用者の眼に到達する画像光のうち、一部が左眼に到達し、他の一部が右眼に到達するよう、画像光の進行方向が規定されるように構成された。しかし、パララックスバリアによる画像光の進行方向の規定方法は、これに限られない。例えば、第２パララックスバリア５によって、表示パネル３から射出された画像光の一部が第１利用者に到達し、画像光の他の一部が第２利用者に到達するよう、画像光の進行方向が規定されてよい。この場合、第１パララックスバリア４によって、第１利用者の眼に到達する画像光のうち、一部が左眼に到達し、他の一部が右眼に到達するよう、画像光の進行方向が規定される。 In the above-described embodiment, part of the image light emitted from the display panel 3 reaches the first user and the other part of the image light reaches the second user by the first parallax barrier 4. Thus, the traveling direction of the image light is defined. The traveling direction of the image light is such that part of the image light reaching the first user's eye by the second parallax barrier 5 reaches the left eye and the other part reaches the right eye. Was configured to be specified. However, the method for defining the traveling direction of the image light by the parallax barrier is not limited to this. For example, the second parallax barrier 5 causes the image light so that part of the image light emitted from the display panel 3 reaches the first user and the other part of the image light reaches the second user. The direction of travel may be defined. In this case, the first parallax barrier 4 advances the image light so that part of the image light reaching the first user's eye reaches the left eye and the other part reaches the right eye. Direction is defined.
　上述の実施形態において、左眼を第１眼とし、右眼を第２眼としたが、これに限られない。例えば、左眼を第２眼とし、右眼を第１眼としてよい。 In the above-described embodiment, the left eye is the first eye and the right eye is the second eye, but the present invention is not limited to this. For example, the left eye may be the second eye and the right eye may be the first eye.
　第２実施形態において、コントローラ６は、第１利用者の眼の位置に基づいて第１左可視領域３１１Ｌおよび第１右可視領域３１１Ｒの位置を判定するように構成したが、この限りではない。例えば、コントローラ６は、第２利用者の眼の位置に基づいて第２左可視領域３１２Ｌおよび第２右可視領域３１２Ｒの位置を判定してよい。この場合、コントローラ６は、第２左可視領域３１２Ｌおよび第２右可視領域３１２Ｒの位置に応じて、各サブピクセルに表示させる画像を制御してよい。 In the second embodiment, the controller 6 is configured to determine the positions of the first left visible region 311L and the first right visible region 311R based on the position of the first user's eyes, but this is not restrictive. For example, the controller 6 may determine the positions of the second left visible region 312L and the second right visible region 312R based on the position of the second user's eyes. In this case, the controller 6 may control an image to be displayed on each subpixel according to the positions of the second left visible region 312L and the second right visible region 312R.
　図１２に示すように、画像表示装置１は、ヘッドアップディスプレイシステム１００に搭載されうる。ヘッドアップディスプレイシステム１００は、ＨＵＤ（Head Up Display）１００ともいう。ＨＵＤ１００は、画像表示装置１と、光学部材１１０と、被投影面１３０を有する被投影部材１２０とを備える。ＨＵＤ１００は、画像表示装置１から射出される画像光を、光学部材１１０を介して被投影部材１２０に到達させる。ＨＵＤ１００は、被投影部材１２０で反射させた画像光を、利用者の左眼および右眼に到達させるように動作可能でありうる。つまり、ＨＵＤ１００は、破線で示される光路１４０に沿って、画像表示装置１から利用者の左眼および右眼まで画像光を進行させるように動作可能でありうる。利用者は、光路１４０に沿って到達した画像光を、虚像１５０として視認しうる。画像表示装置１は、利用者の左眼および右眼の位置に応じて表示を制御することによって、利用者の動きに応じて立体視を提供しうる。 As shown in FIG. 12, the image display device 1 can be mounted on a head-up display system 100. The head up display system 100 is also referred to as a HUD (Head Up Up Display) 100. The HUD 100 includes the image display device 1, an optical member 110, and a projection member 120 having a projection surface 130. The HUD 100 causes the image light emitted from the image display device 1 to reach the projection target member 120 via the optical member 110. The HUD 100 may be operable to cause the image light reflected by the projection member 120 to reach the left and right eyes of the user. That is, the HUD 100 may be operable to advance image light from the image display device 1 to the left eye and right eye of the user along the optical path 140 indicated by a broken line. The user can visually recognize the image light that has reached along the optical path 140 as a virtual image 150. The image display apparatus 1 can provide a stereoscopic view according to the movement of the user by controlling the display according to the positions of the left eye and the right eye of the user.
　虚像１５０には、アクティブエリア３１の虚像として、表示面が含まれる。 The virtual image 150 includes a display surface as a virtual image of the active area 31.
　第１パララックスバリア４の透光領域４２の虚像の配置間隔Ｂｐ１’、アクティブエリア３１の虚像と第１パララックスバリア４の虚像との間のギャップｇ１’は、次の式（５）および式（６）が成り立つように規定される。式（５）および式（６）において、ｋ１’は、第１サブピクセル群Ｐｇ１の虚像と第２サブピクセル群Ｐｇ２の虚像との配置間隔である。ｄ１’は、利用者の眼と第１パララックスバリア４の虚像との距離である。
　Ｌ：ｄ１’＝ｋ１’／２：ｇ１’　　　　　　　　　　　　　　式（５）
　ｄ１’：Ｂｐ１’＝（ｄ１’＋ｇ１’）：ｋ１’　　　　　　　　式（６） The virtual image arrangement interval Bp1 ′ of the light-transmitting region 42 of the first parallax barrier 4 and the gap g1 ′ between the virtual image of the active area 31 and the virtual image of the first parallax barrier 4 are expressed by the following equations (5) and (5): (6) is defined to hold. In Expression (5) and Expression (6), k1 ′ is an arrangement interval between the virtual image of the first subpixel group Pg1 and the virtual image of the second subpixel group Pg2. d1 ′ is the distance between the user's eyes and the virtual image of the first parallax barrier 4.
L: d1 ′ = k1 ′ / 2: g1 ′ Formula (5)
d1 ′: Bp1 ′ = (d1 ′ + g1 ′): k1 ′ Equation (6)
　第２パララックスバリア５の透光領域５２の虚像の配置間隔Ｂｐ２’、アクティブエリア３１の虚像と第２パララックスバリア５の虚像との間のギャップｇ２’は、次の式（７）および式（８）が成り立つように規定される。式（７）および式（８）において、ｋ２’は、第１サブピクセル群Ｐｇ１の虚像の水平方向の幅である。ｋ２’は、第２サブピクセル群Ｐｇ２の虚像の水平方向の幅でもある。ｄ２’は、利用者の眼と第２パララックスバリア５の虚像との距離である。
　Ｅ：ｄ２’＝ｋ２’／２：ｇ２’　　　　　　　　　　　　式（７）
　ｄ２’：Ｂｐ２’＝（ｄ２’－ｇ２’）：ｋ２’　　　　　　式（８） The virtual image arrangement interval Bp2 ′ of the transparent region 52 of the second parallax barrier 5 and the gap g2 ′ between the virtual image of the active area 31 and the virtual image of the second parallax barrier 5 are expressed by the following equations (7) and (7). (8) is defined to hold. In Expression (7) and Expression (8), k2 ′ is the horizontal width of the virtual image of the first subpixel group Pg1. k2 ′ is also the horizontal width of the virtual image of the second subpixel group Pg2. d2 ′ is the distance between the user's eyes and the virtual image of the second parallax barrier 5.
E: d2 ′ = k2 ′ / 2: g2 ′ Formula (7)
d2 ′: Bp2 ′ = (d2′−g2 ′): k2 ′ Equation (8)
　図１３に示すように、画像表示装置１およびＨＵＤ１００は、移動体１０に搭載されてよい。ＨＵＤ１００の構成の一部は、移動体１０が備える他の装置または部品と兼用されてよい。例えば、移動体１０は、ウインドシールドを被投影部材１２０として兼用してよい。ＨＵＤ１００の構成の一部として兼用される、該移動体１０が備える他の装置または部品は、ＨＵＤモジュールと称されることがある。 As shown in FIG. 13, the image display device 1 and the HUD 100 may be mounted on the moving body 10. A part of the configuration of the HUD 100 may be shared with other devices or parts included in the moving body 10. For example, the moving body 10 may also use the windshield as the projection target member 120. Other devices or parts included in the moving body 10 that are also used as a part of the configuration of the HUD 100 may be referred to as a HUD module.
　表示パネル３としては、透過型の表示パネルに限られず、自発光型の表示パネル等他の表示パネルを使用することもできる。透過型の表示パネルは、液晶パネルの他に、ＭＥＭＳ（Micro Electro Mechanical Systems）シャッター式の表示パネルを含む。自発光型の表示パネルは、有機ＥＬ（electro-luminescence）、および無機ＥＬの表示パネルを含む。表示パネル３として、自発光型の表示パネルを使用した場合、照射器２は不要となる。表示パネル３として、自発光型の表示パネルを使用した場合、第１パララックスバリア４および第２パララックスバリア５は、表示パネル３の画像光が射出される側に位置するように構成される。 The display panel 3 is not limited to a transmissive display panel, and other display panels such as a self-luminous display panel can also be used. The transmission type display panel includes a MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical Systems) shutter type display panel in addition to the liquid crystal panel. The self-luminous display panel includes an organic EL (electro-luminescence) display panel and an inorganic EL display panel. When a self-luminous display panel is used as the display panel 3, the irradiator 2 is not necessary. When a self-luminous display panel is used as the display panel 3, the first parallax barrier 4 and the second parallax barrier 5 are configured to be positioned on the side of the display panel 3 where image light is emitted. .
　本開示における「移動体」には、車両、船舶、航空機を含む。本開示における「車両」には、自動車および産業車両を含むが、これに限られず、鉄道車両および生活車両、滑走路を走行する固定翼機を含めてよい。自動車は、乗用車、トラック、バス、二輪車、およびトロリーバス等を含むがこれに限られず、道路上を走行する他の車両を含んでよい。産業車両は、農業および建設向けの産業車両を含む。産業車両には、フォークリフト、およびゴルフカートを含むがこれに限られない。農業向けの産業車両には、トラクター、耕耘機、移植機、バインダー、コンバイン、および芝刈り機を含むが、これに限られない。建設向けの産業車両には、ブルドーザー、スクレーバー、ショベルカー、クレーン車、ダンプカー、およびロードローラを含むが、これに限られない。車両は、人力で走行するものを含む。なお、車両の分類は、上述に限られない。例えば、自動車には、道路を走行可能な産業車両を含んでよく、複数の分類に同じ車両が含まれてよい。本開示における船舶には、マリンジェット、ボート、タンカーを含む。本開示における航空機には、固定翼機、回転翼機を含む。 “Moving object” in the present disclosure includes vehicles, ships, and aircraft. “Vehicle” in the present disclosure includes, but is not limited to, automobiles and industrial vehicles, and may include railway vehicles, domestic vehicles, and fixed-wing aircraft that run on the runway. The automobile includes, but is not limited to, a passenger car, a truck, a bus, a two-wheeled vehicle, a trolley bus, and the like, and may include other vehicles that travel on the road. Industrial vehicles include industrial vehicles for agriculture and construction. Industrial vehicles include but are not limited to forklifts and golf carts. Industrial vehicles for agriculture include, but are not limited to, tractors, tillers, transplanters, binders, combines, and lawn mowers. Industrial vehicles for construction include, but are not limited to, bulldozers, scrapers, excavators, crane trucks, dump trucks, and road rollers. Vehicles include those that travel by human power. The vehicle classification is not limited to the above. For example, an automobile may include an industrial vehicle capable of traveling on a road, and the same vehicle may be included in a plurality of classifications. Ships in the present disclosure include marine jets, boats, and tankers. The aircraft in the present disclosure includes fixed wing aircraft and rotary wing aircraft.
１　　　　　３次元表示装置
２　　　　　照射器
３　　　　　表示パネル
４　　　　　第１パララックスバリア（第１光学素子）
５　　　　　第２パララックスバリア（第２光学素子）
６　　　　　コントローラ
７　　　　　検出装置
１０　　　　移動体
３１　　　　アクティブエリア
４１，５１　減光面
４２，５２　透光領域
１００　　　ヘッドアップディスプレイシステム
１１０　　　光学部材
１２０　　　被投影部材
１３０　　　被投影面
１４０　　　光路
１５０　　　虚像
３１１　　　第１可視領域
３１１Ｌ　　第１左可視領域
３１１Ｒ　　第１右可視領域
３１２　　　第２可視領域
３１２Ｌ　　第２左可視領域
３１２Ｒ　　第２右可視領域
  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 3D display apparatus 2 Irradiator 3 Display panel 4 1st parallax barrier (1st optical element)
5 Second parallax barrier (second optical element)
6 Controller 7 Detection device 10 Moving body 31 Active area 41, 51 Light reducing surface 42, 52 Translucent area 100 Head-up display system 110 Optical member 120 Projected member 130 Projected surface 140 Optical path 150 Virtual image 311 First visible area 311L First 1 left visible region 311R 1st right visible region 312 2nd visible region 312L 2nd left visible region 312R 2nd right visible region

Claims (8)

  1. 　画像光を射出するアクティブエリアと、
    　前記アクティブエリアに沿って配置される第１光学素子と、
    　前記アクティブエリアに沿って、前記アクティブエリアの法線方向において前記第１光学素子とは異なる位置に配置される第２光学素子とを備え、
    　前記第１光学素子は、
    　　前記アクティブエリアから射出される前記画像光の第１部分を第１利用者に伝播させるように前記画像光の前記第１部分の光線方向を規定し、
    　　前記画像光の前記第１部分と異なる第２部分を、前記第１利用者の両眼を結ぶ方向に前記第１利用者と並んで位置する第２利用者に伝播させるように前記画像光の前記第２部分の光線方向を規定するように構成され、
    　前記第２光学素子は、
    　　前記画像光の前記第１部分に含まれる第３部分を前記第１利用者の第１眼に伝播させるように前記第３部分の光線方向を規定し、
    　　前記画像光の前記第１部分に含まれる前記第３部分とは異なる第４部分を前記第１利用者の第２眼に伝播させるように前記第４部分の光線方向を規定するように構成される画像表示装置。     An active area for emitting image light;
    A first optical element disposed along the active area;
    A second optical element disposed along the active area at a position different from the first optical element in a normal direction of the active area;
    The first optical element includes:
    Defining a light beam direction of the first portion of the image light so as to propagate the first portion of the image light emitted from the active area to the first user;
    The second portion of the image light that is different from the first portion is propagated to a second user located alongside the first user in a direction connecting both eyes of the first user. Configured to define a ray direction of the second portion;
    The second optical element is
    Prescribing a light beam direction of the third part to propagate a third part included in the first part of the image light to the first eye of the first user;
    The light beam direction of the fourth portion is defined so as to propagate a fourth portion different from the third portion included in the first portion of the image light to the second eye of the first user. An image display device.
  2. 　前記画像光の前記第３部分および前記第４部分を射出するそれぞれのサブピクセルに互いに視差を有する画像を表示させ、前記画像光の第２部分を射出するサブピクセルに互いに視差を有さない画像を表示させるように動作可能であるコントローラをさらに備える請求項１に記載の画像表示装置。 An image in which the subpixels emitting the third part and the fourth part of the image light are displayed with parallax, and the subpixels emitting the second part of the image light have no parallax The image display apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a controller operable to display the image.
  3. 　前記第２光学素子は、
    　　前記第２部分に含まれる第５部分を前記第２利用者の第１眼に伝播させるように前記第５部分の光線方向を規定し、
    　　前記第２部分に含まれる前記第５部分とは異なる第６部分を前記第２利用者の第２眼に伝播させるように前記第６部分の光線方向を規定するように構成される請求項１に記載の画像表示装置。     The second optical element is
    Defining the light direction of the fifth portion so that the fifth portion included in the second portion is propagated to the first eye of the second user;
    The light beam direction of the sixth portion is defined so as to propagate a sixth portion different from the fifth portion included in the second portion to the second eye of the second user. The image display device described in 1.
  4. 　前記画像光の前記第３部分および前記第４部分を射出するそれぞれのサブピクセルに互いに視差を有する画像を表示させ、前記画像光の前記第５部分および前記第６部分を射出するそれぞれのサブピクセルに互いに視差を有する画像を表示させるように動作可能であるコントローラをさらに備える請求項３に記載の画像表示装置。 Respective subpixels that display parallax images on the respective subpixels that emit the third part and the fourth part of the image light and emit the fifth part and the sixth part of the image light The image display apparatus according to claim 3, further comprising a controller operable to display images having parallax with each other.
  5. 　前記第１光学素子は、前記アクティブエリアの第１面に対向して配置され、
    　前記第２光学素子は、前記アクティブエリアの前記第１面とは反対側の第２面に対向して配置される請求項１から４のいずれか一項に記載の画像表示装置。     The first optical element is disposed to face the first surface of the active area,
    5. The image display device according to claim 1, wherein the second optical element is disposed to face a second surface of the active area opposite to the first surface. 6.
  6. 　前記第１光学素子および前記第２光学素子は、前記アクティブエリアに対して同じ側に配置される請求項１から４のいずれか一項に記載の画像表示装置。 The image display device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the first optical element and the second optical element are arranged on the same side with respect to the active area.
  7. 　画像表示装置を備え、
    　前記画像表示装置は、
    　　画像光を射出するアクティブエリアと、
    　　前記アクティブエリアに沿って配置される第１光学素子と、
    　　前記アクティブエリアに沿って、前記アクティブエリアの法線方向において前記第１光学素子とは異なる位置に配置される第２光学素子とを含み、
    　前記第１光学素子は、前記アクティブエリアから射出される前記画像光の第１部分を第１利用者に伝播させるように前記画像光の前記第１部分の光線方向を規定し、前記画像光の前記第１部分と異なる第２部分を、前記第１利用者の両眼を結ぶ方向に前記第１利用者と並んで位置する第２利用者に伝播させるように前記画像光の前記第２部分の光線方向を規定するように構成され、
    　前記第２光学素子は、前記画像光の前記第１部分に含まれる第３部分を前記第１利用者の第１眼に伝播させるように前記第３部分の光線方向を規定し、前記画像光の前記第１部分に含まれる前記第３部分とは異なる第４部分を前記第１利用者の第２眼に伝播させるように前記第４部分の光線方向を規定するように構成されるヘッドアップディスプレイシステム。     An image display device,
    The image display device includes:
    An active area for emitting image light;
    A first optical element disposed along the active area;
    A second optical element disposed along the active area at a position different from the first optical element in a normal direction of the active area;
    The first optical element defines a light beam direction of the first portion of the image light so as to propagate a first portion of the image light emitted from the active area to a first user, and The second portion of the image light so as to propagate a second portion different from the first portion to a second user located alongside the first user in a direction connecting both eyes of the first user. Configured to define the ray direction of
    The second optical element defines a light beam direction of the third portion so as to propagate a third portion included in the first portion of the image light to the first eye of the first user, and the image light. A head-up configured to define a light beam direction of the fourth portion so that a fourth portion different from the third portion included in the first portion of the first portion is propagated to the second eye of the first user. Display system.
  8. 　画像表示装置を備え、
    　前記画像表示装置は、
    　　画像光を射出するアクティブエリアと、
    　　前記アクティブエリアに沿って配置される第１光学素子と、
    　　前記アクティブエリアに沿って、前記アクティブエリアの法線方向において前記第１光学素子とは異なる位置に配置される第２光学素子とを含み、
    　前記第１光学素子は、前記アクティブエリアから射出される前記画像光の第１部分を第１利用者に伝播させるように前記画像光の前記第１部分の光線方向を規定し、前記画像光の前記第１部分と異なる第２部分を、前記第１利用者の両眼を結ぶ方向に前記第１利用者と並んで位置する第２利用者に伝播させるように前記画像光の前記第２部分の光線方向を規定するように構成され、
    　前記第２光学素子は、前記画像光の前記第１部分に含まれる第３部分を前記第１利用者の第１眼に伝播させるように前記第３部分の光線方向を規定し、前記画像光の前記第１部分に含まれる前記第３部分とは異なる第４部分を前記第１利用者の第２眼に伝播させるように前記第４部分の光線方向を規定するように構成される移動体。
          An image display device,
    The image display device includes:
    An active area for emitting image light;
    A first optical element disposed along the active area;
    A second optical element disposed along the active area at a position different from the first optical element in a normal direction of the active area;
    The first optical element defines a light beam direction of the first portion of the image light so as to propagate a first portion of the image light emitted from the active area to a first user, and The second portion of the image light so as to propagate a second portion different from the first portion to a second user located alongside the first user in a direction connecting both eyes of the first user. Configured to define the ray direction of
    The second optical element defines a light beam direction of the third portion so as to propagate a third portion included in the first portion of the image light to the first eye of the first user, and the image light. A movable body configured to define a light beam direction of the fourth portion so that a fourth portion different from the third portion included in the first portion of the first portion is propagated to the second eye of the first user. .
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