WO2019157853A1 - 膝关节手术韧带固定器 - Google Patents

膝关节手术韧带固定器 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019157853A1
WO2019157853A1 PCT/CN2018/120514 CN2018120514W WO2019157853A1 WO 2019157853 A1 WO2019157853 A1 WO 2019157853A1 CN 2018120514 W CN2018120514 W CN 2018120514W WO 2019157853 A1 WO2019157853 A1 WO 2019157853A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fixing plate
fixing
knee joint
holder according
plate
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2018/120514
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
倪明
陈继营
Original Assignee
倪明
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CN201820255994.5U external-priority patent/CN208610994U/zh
Priority claimed from CN201820255993.0U external-priority patent/CN209826835U/zh
Application filed by 倪明 filed Critical 倪明
Priority to US16/607,985 priority Critical patent/US20210106417A1/en
Publication of WO2019157853A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019157853A1/zh
Priority to AU2019101144A priority patent/AU2019101144A4/en

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/064—Surgical staples, i.e. penetrating the tissue
    • A61B17/0642—Surgical staples, i.e. penetrating the tissue for bones, e.g. for osteosynthesis or connecting tendon to bone
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/68—Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A61B17/80—Cortical plates, i.e. bone plates; Instruments for holding or positioning cortical plates, or for compressing bones attached to cortical plates
    • A61B17/8061—Cortical plates, i.e. bone plates; Instruments for holding or positioning cortical plates, or for compressing bones attached to cortical plates specially adapted for particular bones
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/68—Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A61B17/80—Cortical plates, i.e. bone plates; Instruments for holding or positioning cortical plates, or for compressing bones attached to cortical plates
    • A61B17/809—Cortical plates, i.e. bone plates; Instruments for holding or positioning cortical plates, or for compressing bones attached to cortical plates with bone-penetrating elements, e.g. blades or prongs
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/68—Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A61B17/84—Fasteners therefor or fasteners being internal fixation devices
    • A61B17/86—Pins or screws or threaded wires; nuts therefor
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/08—Muscles; Tendons; Ligaments
    • A61F2/0811—Fixation devices for tendons or ligaments
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/68—Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A61B17/84—Fasteners therefor or fasteners being internal fixation devices
    • A61B17/844—Fasteners therefor or fasteners being internal fixation devices with expandable anchors or anchors having movable parts
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/68—Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A61B17/84—Fasteners therefor or fasteners being internal fixation devices
    • A61B17/86—Pins or screws or threaded wires; nuts therefor
    • A61B17/8685—Pins or screws or threaded wires; nuts therefor comprising multiple separate parts
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/064—Surgical staples, i.e. penetrating the tissue
    • A61B2017/0641—Surgical staples, i.e. penetrating the tissue having at least three legs as part of one single body
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/68—Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A61B17/84—Fasteners therefor or fasteners being internal fixation devices
    • A61B17/86—Pins or screws or threaded wires; nuts therefor
    • A61B2017/8655—Pins or screws or threaded wires; nuts therefor with special features for locking in the bone
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/08—Muscles; Tendons; Ligaments
    • A61F2/0811—Fixation devices for tendons or ligaments
    • A61F2002/0817—Structure of the anchor
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/08—Muscles; Tendons; Ligaments
    • A61F2/0811—Fixation devices for tendons or ligaments
    • A61F2002/0847—Mode of fixation of anchor to tendon or ligament
    • A61F2002/0858—Fixation of tendon or ligament between anchor and bone, e.g. interference screws, wedges
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/08—Muscles; Tendons; Ligaments
    • A61F2/0811—Fixation devices for tendons or ligaments
    • A61F2002/0876—Position of anchor in respect to the bone
    • A61F2002/0888—Anchor in or on a blind hole or on the bone surface without formation of a tunnel
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2220/00—Fixations or connections for prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
    • A61F2220/0008—Fixation appliances for connecting prostheses to the body
    • A61F2220/0016—Fixation appliances for connecting prostheses to the body with sharp anchoring protrusions, e.g. barbs, pins, spikes

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of medical surgical instruments, and more particularly to a knee joint ligament fixator.
  • the collateral ligament femoral condyle attachment point needs to be moved up (sliding osteotomy), in addition to osteoporosis
  • avulsion of the collateral ligament attachment point may occur during the surgical exposure.
  • the attachment point of the collateral ligament should be fixed in the shallow bone groove excavated at the planned position to realize the reconstruction of the anatomy and function of the contralateral collateral ligament.
  • the positioning is performed by screws alone, the attachment point of the side collateral ligament is pressed only by the head of the screw, the pressing area is small, and the attachment point of the side collateral ligament cannot be uniformly applied, resulting in a poor fixation effect. And affect the effect of surgery and the recovery of the patient.
  • the present application aims to provide a knee joint surgical ligament fixer capable of solving the attachment point of the collateral ligament by pressing only the head of the screw, and pressing
  • the problem is that the area is small, and the attachment point of the collateral ligament cannot be uniformly stressed, and in the existing knee surgery, the problem of sputum at the tibial tuberosity is easily damaged.
  • the present application provides a knee joint surgical ligament fixator for fixing a knee collateral ligament or preventing a tendon injury at the tibial tuberosity, including a fixing plate and a fixing nail, the fixing nail being set as a plurality of roots and respectively a rim position on the same side of the fixing plate; when the fixing nail is nailed and fixed to the femoral condyle, the fixing plate abuts against the femoral condyle, when the fixing nail is nailed and fixed to the tibia, The fixing plate is located outside the crucible.
  • the fixing plate is provided in a rectangular plate-like structure, and the fixing nails are disposed in four pieces and respectively located at four corners of the plate-like structure.
  • a central portion of the fixing plate is provided with a mounting hole penetrating both sides of the fixing plate, and the mounting hole is provided with a screw assembly for fixing with the femoral condyle.
  • the screw assembly is configured as an expansion screw assembly including an expansion screw having a lumen and an inner core embedded in the inner cavity, when the inner core is moved from the first position to the second position, The expansion screw expands and abuts against the femoral condyle.
  • the inner cavity is axially divided into a first chamber and a second chamber
  • the inner core is rotatably disposed in the first chamber
  • an inner diameter of the second chamber is smaller than the inner chamber
  • An outer diameter of the core, the expansion screw is provided with a gap around the side wall of the second chamber, the gap extending along the axial direction of the expansion screw, and the inner side of the side wall is penetrated;
  • the core is rotated in the first direction, the inner core moves toward the second chamber and expands the expansion screw.
  • one end of the inner core adjacent to the second chamber is disposed in a conical shape, and the other end is provided with a knob.
  • the mounting hole and the screw assembly are provided in two groups.
  • a diameter of one end of the mounting hole near one side of the fixing plate where the fixing nail is disposed is smaller than a diameter of the other end.
  • the side wall of the mounting hole is a ball-shaped wall.
  • the fixing nail has a conical shape, and a portion of the fixing nail adjacent to the fixing plate is provided with a plurality of annular grooves distributed in the axial direction.
  • the tip of the fixing nail is inclined toward the mounting hole.
  • the fixing plate is provided as a poorly curved structure which is curved in a longitudinal direction by a rectangular plate, and the fixing nails are provided in two groups and symmetrically disposed at both ends of the inner side surface of the fixing plate.
  • the length direction of the fixing nail is parallel to the radial direction at the center of the fixing plate.
  • a plurality of pressing protrusions are disposed at an edge of the inner side surface of the fixing plate, and an end of the pressing protrusion away from the fixing plate is disposed in a spherical arc shape.
  • a middle portion of the outer side surface of the fixing plate is provided with a mounting plate, the mounting plate is perpendicular to a width direction of the fixing plate, and two sides of the mounting plate are oppositely provided with a connecting blind hole.
  • the connecting blind hole is an oblong hole
  • the long circular hole has a longitudinal direction perpendicular to a width direction of the fixing plate.
  • the fixing nail has a triangular pyramid shape.
  • the two long sides of the fixing plate are oppositely provided with grooves for the clamping jaws to protrude and clamp.
  • the corners of the fixing plate are rounded.
  • the fixing plate is further provided with a plurality of cylindrical holes penetrating through the two sides of the fixing plate, and the fixing plate and the fixing nail are of a unitary structure.
  • the fixing nail is nailed into and fixed in the femoral condyle, so that the fixing plate abuts against the femoral condyle, and the collateral ligament is pressed tightly on the fixing plate.
  • the fixation of the collateral ligament is achieved between the femoral condyle and the femoral condyle; specifically, in use, after determining the degree of ligament elevation, the cortical bone of the upper end position is removed, and a shallow bone groove is formed, and the shallow bone groove is chiseled.
  • the ligaments form the fixation of the attachment points of the contralateral collateral ligaments.
  • the fixed plate is in full contact with the attachment point of the collateral ligament, has a large pressing area, and has a uniform pressing force, and has an excellent pressing effect, thereby ensuring the surgical effect and the recovery effect of the patient.
  • the fixing nail is nailed into and fixed in the humerus so that the fixing plate is located outside the iliac crest, thereby protecting the sputum;
  • Ground determine the position of the shackles and fixing nails so that the fixing nails are located on both sides of the shackles, pushing down the pressing, so that the tips of the fixing nails are nailed into the tibia until the inside of the fixing plate and the ⁇ At the same time, the sputum at the tibial tuberosity is blocked by the fixing plate, thereby avoiding the other surgical instruments directly contacting the sacrum at the tibial tuberosity during the operation, and strengthening the stagnation point to prevent avulsion, therefore, It can effectively protect the tendon at the tibial tuberosity and prevent the caries at the tibial tuberosity from being damaged.
  • Figure 1 is a front elevational view of the present invention shown in accordance with a first exemplary embodiment
  • Figure 2 is a plan view of the present invention shown in accordance with a first exemplary embodiment
  • Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of Figure 2;
  • Figure 4 is a front elevational view of the present invention shown in accordance with a second exemplary embodiment
  • Figure 5 is a plan view of the present invention shown in accordance with a second exemplary embodiment
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of an expansion screw assembly according to some exemplary embodiments.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of an inner core according to some exemplary embodiments.
  • Figure 8 is a front elevational view of the present invention shown in accordance with a third exemplary embodiment
  • Figure 9 is a cross-sectional view taken along line B-B of Figure 8.
  • Figure 10 is a plan view of the present invention shown in accordance with a third exemplary embodiment
  • Figure 11 is a cross-sectional view taken along line C-C of Figure 10;
  • Figure 12 is a side view of the present invention shown in accordance with a third exemplary embodiment.
  • the present invention provides a knee joint surgical ligament fixator.
  • the fixing nail When used for fixing the collateral ligament of the knee joint, the fixing nail is nailed into and fixed in the femoral condyle, so that the fixing plate abuts the femoral condyle, and then the side pair The ligament is tightly pressed between the fixed plate and the femoral condyle to achieve the fixation of the collateral ligament.
  • the fixed plate is in full contact with the attachment point of the collateral ligament, has a large compression area, and has a uniform pressing force, and has excellent The pressing effect; when used to prevent the sacral injury at the tibial tuberosity, the fixing nail is nailed into and fixed in the tibia so that the fixing plate is located outside the iliac crest, thereby protecting the sputum.
  • the present embodiment provides a knee joint surgical ligament fixator for fixing a knee collateral ligament or preventing ankle injury at the tibial tuberosity, including a fixed plate 1 and a fixing nail 2,
  • the fixing nails 2 are provided with a plurality of fixing nails 2 respectively located at the edge positions of the same side of the fixing plate 1, so that the fixing plate 1 is connected and fixed by a plurality of fixing nails 2, which is favorable for improving the connection stability of the fixing plate 1 Sex and firmness.
  • the shape of the fixing plate 1 may be a square shape, and may be a circular shape or a triangular shape.
  • the number of the fixing nails 2 is determined according to the shape of the fixing plate 1, and may be three fixing nails 2 or For the four fixing nails 2, as the case may be; and the fixing nails 2 are located at the edge position of the fixing plate 1, which is advantageous for improving the balance of the connection of the fixing plate 1, and the middle portion of the fixing plate 1 may be vacated, which is advantageous for Good compression of the collateral ligament or protection of the iliac crest.
  • the fixation nail 2 is nailed and fixed in the femoral condyle so that the fixation plate 1 abuts against the femoral condyle, and the collateral ligament is tightly pressed.
  • the slot corresponding to the position of the plurality of fixing nails 2 is cut in the slot, the attachment point of the side collateral ligament is fixed in the shallow bone groove, and the fixing nails 2 are respectively aligned with the slot holes, and the force is applied downward to fix
  • the plate 1 is pressed against the side collateral ligament to form a fixation point of the contralateral collateral ligament.
  • the fixing plate 1 is in full contact with the attachment point of the side collateral ligament, has a large pressing area, and has a uniform pressing force, and has an excellent pressing effect, thereby ensuring the surgical effect and the effect of patient recovery.
  • the fixing nail 2 is nailed and fixed in the tibia so that the fixing plate 1 is located outside the iliac crest, thereby protecting the iliac crest.
  • the fixing plate 1 has a rectangular plate-like structure. As shown in FIG. 2, the fixing nails 2 are provided with four and are respectively disposed at four corners of the plate-like structure, so that multiple orientations can be realized.
  • the fixing is beneficial to improve the stability and compactness of the fixing nail 2, and it is beneficial to increase the pressing area of the pressing side collateral ligament of the fixing plate 1 and improve the pressing force.
  • the four fixing nails 2 are located on the same side of the fixing plate 1.
  • the two sides of the fixing plate 1 are respectively defined as an inner side surface and an outer side surface, and the fixing nails 2 are inner side surfaces.
  • a mounting hole 11 penetrating through the inner side surface and the outer side surface of the fixing plate 1 is provided at a central portion of the fixing plate 1, the mounting hole 11 is for mounting a screw assembly for detachable connection of the screw assembly, and the screw assembly is for fixing with the femoral condyle
  • the tightness of the connection of the fixing plate 1 can be improved, and the pressing force of the contralateral collateral ligament of the fixing plate 1 can be improved.
  • the screw assembly is configured as an expanded screw assembly that expands upon screwing in and abuts the femoral condyle to further enhance fixation of the collateral ligament.
  • the expansion screw assembly includes an expansion screw 31 and an inner core 32, wherein the expansion screw 31 is provided with a lumen extending along its axial direction, and the inner core 32 is embedded in the inner cavity;
  • the expansion screw 31 is expanded to increase the outer diameter of a part of the outer wall of the expansion screw 31, thereby making the expansion screw 31 abut against the slot formed in the femoral condyle, which is advantageous.
  • the fixing plate 1 is firmly fixed to the femoral condyle.
  • the first position and the second position are positions where the inner core is located in the inner cavity.
  • the expanded screw assembly has a simple structure and can prevent the fixing plate 1 from being detached from the femoral condyle, further enhancing the stability of the fixing plate 1.
  • the inner cavity of the expansion screw 31 is divided into a first chamber and a second chamber along its axial direction, the inner core 32 is rotatably disposed in the first chamber, and the inner diameter of the second chamber is smaller than that of the inner core 32.
  • the outer diameter; the side wall of the expansion screw 31 for enclosing the second chamber is provided with a gap which divides the side wall into a plurality of portions in the axial direction, that is, the gap extends along the axial direction of the expansion screw 31, and the side The inner and outer walls penetrate; thus, when the inner core 32 rotates in the first direction, the inner core 32 moves toward the second chamber and protrudes into the second chamber, since the inner diameter of the second chamber is smaller than that of the inner core 32
  • the outer diameter of the expansion screw 31 located in the second chamber is expanded to be in contact with the groove of the femoral condyle.
  • the inner core 32 is moved by rotation and the expansion screw 31 is swollen, which is convenient to operate and easy to install.
  • one end of the inner core 32 adjacent to the second chamber is conical, and the other end of the inner core 32 is provided with a knob, as shown in FIG. It saves time and effort during installation and is convenient and quick.
  • the mounting hole 11 and the screw assembly are arranged in two groups, and the two groups are symmetrically disposed along the center of the fixing plate 1, which is advantageous for maintaining the balance of the installation.
  • the diameter of the mounting hole 11 at one end of the inner side of the fixing plate 1 is smaller than the diameter of the other end, so that when the screw assembly passes through the mounting hole 11, the mounting hole 11 can receive the head of the screw assembly, so that the screw assembly The head sinks into the mounting hole 11 to reduce the overall thickness of the combination of the head of the screw assembly and the fixed plate 1.
  • the side wall of the mounting hole 11 is arranged as a spherical arc-shaped wall
  • the screw assembly also uses the specification that the head shape matches the shape of the side wall of the mounting hole 11, and the spherical arc-shaped wall can be increased without increasing the depth of the mounting hole 11.
  • the contact area between the screw head and the side wall of the mounting hole 11 enhances the fixing effect.
  • the fixing nail 2 has a conical shape. As shown in FIG. 3, a portion of the fixing nail 2 adjacent to the fixing plate 1 is provided with a plurality of annular grooves 21 distributed in the axial direction, so that the bone grows and the annular groove is recovered during the recovery of the patient. 21 is formed to be mutually engaged, thereby functioning as a fixing for the fixing plate 1, and effectively securing the attachment point of the collateral ligament of the knee joint.
  • the tips of the four fixing nails 2 are inclined in the direction of the mounting hole 11, so that an angle is formed between the axis of the fixing nail 2 and the axis of the mounting hole 11, and the fixing effect on the knee collateral ligament can be better achieved.
  • the axes of the four fixing nails 2 are at an angle of 2 degrees with the axis of the mounting hole 11, so as to ensure that the fixing nails 2 can smoothly enter the bone and can better perform a fixing function.
  • the fixing plate 1 is provided as a poorly curved structure which is curved in the longitudinal direction by a rectangular plate, as shown in FIG. 8, wherein the fixing nails 2 are provided in two sets and symmetrically disposed on the inner side of the fixed plate 1.
  • the two ends, that is, the two sets of fixing nails 2 are symmetrically disposed at both ends of the arcuate direction of the inner side of the fixed plate 1 (i.e., the longitudinal direction of the fixed plate 1).
  • the fixing nails 2 are located at both ends of the fixing plate 1, which can not only achieve a good positioning effect, but also prevent the end of the fixing plate 1 from exceeding the fixing nails 2, thereby avoiding hindrance to the activities of other surgical instruments.
  • the fixing nails 2 can be provided with four and respectively located at the four corners of the fixed plate 1 to provide better positioning and protection effects.
  • the radius of the arc of the inner side of the fixing plate 1 can be set to 38 mm so as to be able to fit the curvature of the tibial tuberosity as much as possible, so as to ensure a good protective effect;
  • the distance between the two sets of fixing nails 2 can be Set to 17 mm, adapted to the width of the iliac crest at the tibial tuberosity, when the sputum is protected, the sputum is accommodated between the two sets of fixation nails 2 to form an effective protection against the iliac crest;
  • the shape of the humerus at the node, so as to form a fixation between the fixing nail 2 and the tibia, the length of the fixing nail 2 can be set to 10 mm, so that the tip end of the fixing nail 2 can be nailed into the surface of the tibia to prevent the fixing plate 1 from being displaced. .
  • the length direction of the two sets of fixing nails 2 is parallel to the radial direction at the center of the fixed plate 1, so that the balance of the fixing plate 1 at the time of fixing can be ensured, thereby effectively protecting.
  • the inner side of the fixing plate 1 in order to prevent the fixing plate 1 from being protected against the sputum, the inner side of the fixing plate 1 is completely pressed against the surface of the cymbal, causing a situation in which blood flow is not smooth, and the inner side of the fixing plate 1 is fixed.
  • a plurality of pressing projections 14 are also provided at the edges. The height of the pressing projection 14 is 2 mm.
  • the fixing plate 1 protects the crucible
  • the crucible is partially pressed by the end of the pressing protrusion 14 away from the fixing plate 1, so that a space is reserved between the crucible surface and the inner side surface of the fixing plate 1, and It will not completely oppress the surface of the sputum, therefore, it can ensure the smooth flow of blood, ensure the normal blood supply of sputum, and will not have any effect on the function of sputum.
  • the end of the pressing protrusion 14 away from the fixing plate 1 is arranged in a spherical arc shape, so as to ensure the effective pressing of the pressing protrusion 14 against the surface of the crucible without damaging the crucible.
  • the pressing protrusions 14 are provided in eight, as shown in FIG. 10, wherein the two pressing protrusions 14 are symmetrically located at the middle of both ends of the arc-shaped longitudinal direction of the fixing plate 1; the other six pressing protrusions
  • the 14 symmetry is symmetrically disposed along the width direction of the fixed plate 1, and is evenly distributed along the arc length direction of the fixed plate 1. In this way, a uniform compression can be formed for the crucible.
  • the outer side of the fixing plate 1 is provided with a mounting plate 15, the mounting plate 15 is perpendicular to the width direction of the fixing plate 1, and the two sides of the fixing plate 1 are respectively disposed There is a connection blind hole 151 corresponding to the position.
  • the handle has two clamping portions corresponding to the positions of the two connecting blind holes 151. When the handpiece is connected with the mounting plate 15, the two clamping portions have opposing clamping forces to clamp the mounting plate 15. And the two grippers extend into the two connecting blind holes 151 to form a limit with the mounting plate 15 to avoid slipping.
  • connection blind hole 151 is an oblong hole, and the longitudinal direction of the oblong hole is perpendicular to the width direction of the fixing plate 1.
  • the mounting plate 15 is fixedly disposed in the middle of the fixed plate 1 so as to be able to form the most stable connection with the handpiece.
  • the fixing nail 2 is arranged in a triangular pyramid shape, so that the fixing nail 2 has better structural strength and better positioning effect.
  • two recesses 13 are oppositely disposed at two long side positions of the fixing plate 1. As shown in FIG. 4, the recess 13 is used for the clamping end of the clamping jaw to be inserted and clamped. In this way, it is convenient to position and install the fixing plate 1 to improve the installation efficiency.
  • the four corners of the fixing plate 1 are rounded to avoid damage to the muscles or soft tissues of the human body by the edges of the ribs.
  • the fixing plate 1 is further provided with a plurality of cylindrical holes 12 penetrating through the two sides of the fixing plate 1.
  • the cylindrical bore 12 can be used for assisted positioning during the positioning of the fixed plate 1, while the cylindrical bore 12 can be threaded into the suture to strengthen or tighten the ligament.
  • the diameter of the cylindrical hole 12 is smaller than the diameter of the root of the fixing nail 2. In order to avoid affecting the effective pressing area of the fixing plate 1.
  • the fixing plate 1 is integrally formed with the fixing nail 2 to ensure the overall structural strength. Both the fixing plate 1 and the fixing nails 2 are made of a titanium alloy and are coated with a HA coating on the surface.

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Abstract

一种膝关节手术韧带固定器，用于固定膝关节侧副韧带或者防止胫骨结节处髌腱损伤，包括有固定板(1)和固定钉(2)，固定钉(2)设有多根、且分别位于固定板(1)的同一侧面的边沿位置；当用于固定膝关节侧副韧带时，固定钉(2)钉入并固定在股骨髁中，以使侧副韧带被紧紧地压在固定板(1)与股骨髁之间，固定板(1)与侧副韧带的附着点全接触，压紧面积大，并且具有均匀的压紧力，具有优异的压紧效果，从而保证了手术效果和患者恢复的效果；当用于防止胫骨结节处髌腱损伤时，固定钉(2)钉入并固定在胫骨中，以使固定板(1)位于髌腱的外侧，通过固定板(1)对胫骨结节处的髌腱进行遮挡，避免手术过程中手术器械接触到胫骨结节处的髌腱，并且加强髌腱止点固定，防止撕脱，能够有效地保护胫骨结节处的髌腱。

Description

膝关节手术韧带固定器 技术领域
本申请涉及医疗手术器械技术领域，更具体地说，涉及一种膝关节手术韧带固定器。
背景技术
在人工全膝关节置换术中，若出现膝前外侧旋转不稳定或慢性膝外侧韧带松弛等情况，需要将侧副韧带股骨髁附着点上移(滑移截骨)，此外对于骨质疏松的患者，在手术显露的过程中可能会出现侧副韧带附着点的撕脱。以上情况均需要将侧副韧带的附着点固定在计划位置开凿的浅骨槽内，以实现对侧副韧带解剖和功能的重建。但是，由于单独采用螺钉进行定位，仅通过螺钉的头部来压紧侧副韧带的附着点，压紧面积小，并且侧副韧带的附着点不能够均匀地受力，导致固定效果不甚理想，而影响手术的效果和患者的恢复。
很多膝关节的手术，均在胫骨结节附近的区域进行。在手术中，手术器械极容易碰到胫骨结节处，胫骨结节上覆盖有髌腱，由于胫骨结节处为髌腱的起点，如果胫骨结节上的髌腱受到损伤将极大地影响髌腱的功能。现有的膝关节手术，没有对胫骨结节处实施任何保护措施，导致在手术过程中，存在损伤胫骨结节处的髌腱的风险。
实用新型内容
为至少在一定程度上克服相关技术中存在的问题，本申请的目的在于提供一种膝关节手术韧带固定器，其能够解决仅通过螺钉的头部来压紧侧 副韧带的附着点，压紧面积小，并且侧副韧带的附着点不能够均匀地受力的问题，以及现有的膝关节手术中，容易损伤胫骨结节处的髌腱的问题。
本申请提供了一种膝关节手术韧带固定器，用于固定膝关节侧副韧带或者防止胫骨结节处髌腱损伤，包括有固定板和固定钉，所述固定钉设置为多根、且分别位于所述固定板的同一侧面的边沿位置；当所述固定钉钉入并固定于股骨髁时，所述固定板与所述股骨髁相抵，当所述固定钉钉入并固定于胫骨时，所述固定板位于髌腱的外侧。
优选地，所述固定板设置为长方形的板状结构，所述固定钉设置为四根、且分别位于所述板状结构的四个边角处。
优选地，所述固定板的中部设置有贯穿所述固定板两个侧面的安装孔，所述安装孔内穿设有用于与所述股骨髁固定的螺钉组件。
优选地，所述螺钉组件设置为膨胀式螺钉组件，包括有具有内腔的膨胀螺钉和嵌在所述内腔中的内芯，当所述内芯由第一位置移动至第二位置时，所述膨胀螺钉胀开、并与所述股骨髁抵紧。
优选地，所述内腔沿轴向分为第一腔室和第二腔室，所述内芯可旋转的设置在所述第一腔室内，所述第二腔室的内径小于所述内芯的外径，所述膨胀螺钉环绕所述第二腔室的侧壁上设置有间隙，所述间隙沿所述膨胀螺钉的轴向延伸、并将所述侧壁内外贯通；当所述内芯沿第一方向旋转时，所述内芯朝向所述第二腔室移动、并将所述膨胀螺钉胀开。
优选地，所述内芯靠近所述第二腔室的一端设置为圆锥型、另一端设置有旋钮。
优选地，所述安装孔和所述螺钉组件设置有两组。
优选地，所述安装孔靠近所述固定板设置有所述固定钉的一侧的一端直径小于另一端的直径。
优选地，所述安装孔的侧壁为球弧形壁。
优选地，所述固定钉呈圆锥形，所述固定钉靠近所述固定板的部分设 置有沿轴向分布的若干环形槽。
优选地，所述固定钉的顶尖朝向所述安装孔的方向倾斜。
优选地，所述固定板设置为由长方形板沿长度方向弯曲成的劣弧形结构，所述固定钉设置为两组、且对称设置在所述固定板的内侧面的两端。
优选地，所述固定钉的长度方向与所述固定板的中心处的径向平行。
优选地，所述固定板的内侧面的边沿处设置有多个压紧凸起，所述压紧凸起远离所述固定板的一端设置为球弧形。
优选地，所述固定板的外侧面的中部设置有安装板，所述安装板与所述固定板的宽度方向相垂直，所述安装板的两侧相对设置有连接盲孔。
优选地，所述连接盲孔为长圆孔，所述长圆孔的长度方向与所述固定板的宽度方向相垂直。
优选地，所述固定钉呈三棱锥型。
优选地，所述固定板的两个长边侧相对设置有供夹持钳伸入并夹持的凹槽。
优选地，所述固定板的边角均倒成圆角。
优选地，所述固定板上还设置有若干贯穿所述固定板的两个侧面的圆柱孔，所述固定板与所述固定钉为一体式结构。
本申请提供的技术方案可以包括以下有益效果：
当该膝关节手术韧带固定器用于固定膝关节侧副韧带时，固定钉钉入并固定在股骨髁中，以使固定板抵紧股骨髁，进而将侧副韧带被紧紧地压在固定板与股骨髁之间，实现侧副韧带的固定；具体地，在使用时，确定好韧带上移程度后，凿除上移终点位置的骨皮质、并形成浅骨槽，在浅骨槽内凿出与多根固定钉的位置对应的槽孔，将侧副韧带的附着点固定在浅骨槽内，再将固定钉分别与槽孔对准，并向下施力使固定板压紧侧副韧带，即可形成对侧副韧带的附着点的固定。固定板与侧副韧带的附着点全接触，压紧面积大，并且具有均匀的压紧力，具有优异的压紧效果，从而保证了手术效果和患者 恢复的效果。
当该膝关节手术韧带固定器用于防止胫骨结节处髌腱损伤时，固定钉钉入并固定在胫骨中，以使固定板位于髌腱的外侧，进而起到对髌腱的防护作用；具体地，在使用时，确定好髌腱和固定钉的位置，使固定钉位于髌腱的两侧，向下推进按压，使固定钉的尖端钉入到胫骨中、直至固定板的内侧与髌腱相抵，通过固定板对胫骨结节处的髌腱进行遮挡，从而避免手术过程中，其他手术器械直接接触到胫骨结节处的髌腱，并且加强髌腱止点固定，防止撕脱，因此，能够有效地保护胫骨结节处的髌腱，避免胫骨结节处的髌腱受到损伤。
应当理解的是，以上的一般描述和后文的细节描述仅是示例性和解释性的，并不能限制本申请。
附图说明
此处的附图被并入说明书中并构成本说明书的一部分，示出了符合本申请的实施例，并与说明书一起用于解释本申请的原理。
为了更清楚地说明本实用新型实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本实用新型的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1是根据第一种示例性实施例示出的本发明的主视图；
图2是根据第一种示例性实施例示出的本发明的俯视图；
图3是图2中A-A的剖视图；
图4是根据第二种示例性实施例示出的本发明的主视图；
图5是根据第二种示例性实施例示出的本发明的俯视图；
图6是根据一些示例性实施例示出的膨胀式螺钉组件的结构示意图；
图7是根据一些示例性实施例示出的内芯的结构示意图；
图8是根据第三种示例性实施例示出的本发明的主视图；
图9是图8中B-B的剖视图；
图10是根据第三种示例性实施例示出的本发明的俯视图；
图11是图10中C-C的剖视图；
图12是根据第三种示例性实施例示出的本发明的侧视图。
图中：1-固定板，11-安装孔，12-圆柱孔，13-凹槽，14-压紧凸起，15-安装板，151-连接盲孔，2-固定钉，21-环形槽，31-膨胀螺钉，32-内芯。
具体实施方式
这里将详细地对示例性实施例进行说明，其示例表示在附图中。下面的描述涉及附图时，除非另有表示，不同附图中的相同数字表示相同或相似的要素。以下示例性实施例中所描述的实施方式并不代表与本申请相一致的所有实施方式。相反，它们仅是与本申请的一些方面相一致的装置或方法的例子。
本具体实施方式提供了一种膝关节手术韧带固定器，当用于固定膝关节侧副韧带时，固定钉钉入并固定在股骨髁中，以使固定板抵紧股骨髁，进而将侧副韧带被紧紧地压在固定板与股骨髁之间，实现侧副韧带的固定，固定板与侧副韧带的附着点全接触，压紧面积大，并且具有均匀的压紧力，具有优异的压紧效果；当用于防止胫骨结节处髌腱损伤时，固定钉钉入并固定在胫骨中，以使固定板位于髌腱的外侧，进而起到对髌腱的防护作用。
为使本实用新型的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将对本实用新型的技术方案进行详细的描述。显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本实用新型一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本实用新型中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动的前提下所得到的所有其它实施方式，都属于本实用新型所保护的范围。
以下，参照附图对实施例进行说明。此外，下面所示的实施例不对权利要求所记载的实用新型内容起任何限定作用。另外，下面实施例所表示的构成的全部内容不限于作为权利要求所记载的实用新型的解决方案所必需的。
参考图1-图12，本具体实施方式提供了一种膝关节手术韧带固定器，用于固定膝关节侧副韧带或者防止胫骨结节处髌腱损伤，包括有固定板1和固定钉2，其中，固定钉2设置有多根，多根固定钉2分别位于固定板1的同一侧面的边沿位置，这样，固定板1由多个固定钉2连接固定，有利于提升固定板1连接的稳固性和紧实性。
可以理解的是，固定板1的形状可以为方形，可以为圆形，也可以为三角形，同时，固定钉2的数量根据固定板1的形状来确定，既可以为三根固定钉2，也可以为四根固定钉2，视具体情况而定；而固定钉2位于固定板1的边沿位置，有利于提升固定板1连接的平衡性，也可以将固定板1的中部空出，有利于更好的压紧侧副韧带或者防护胫骨结节处的髌腱。
当该膝关节手术韧带固定器用于固定膝关节侧副韧带时，固定钉2钉入并固定在股骨髁中，以使固定板1抵紧股骨髁，进而将侧副韧带被紧紧地压在固定板1与股骨髁之间，实现侧副韧带的固定；具体地，在使用时，确定好韧带上移程度后，凿除上移终点位置的骨皮质、并形成浅骨槽，在浅骨槽内凿出与多根固定钉2的位置对应的槽孔，将侧副韧带的附着点固定在浅骨槽内，再将固定钉2分别与槽孔对准，并向下施力使固定板1压紧侧副韧带，即可形成对侧副韧带的附着点的固定。固定板1与侧副韧带的附着点全接触，压紧面积大，并且具有均匀的压紧力，具有优异的压紧效果，从而保证了手术效果和患者恢复的效果。
当该膝关节手术韧带固定器用于防止胫骨结节处髌腱损伤时，固定钉2钉入并固定在胫骨中，以使固定板1位于髌腱的外侧，进而起到对髌腱的防护作用；具体地，在使用时，确定好髌腱和固定钉2的位置，使固定钉2位 于髌腱的两侧，向下推进按压，使固定钉2的尖端钉入到胫骨中、直至固定板1的内侧与髌腱相抵，通过固定板1对胫骨结节处的髌腱进行遮挡，从而避免手术过程中，其他手术器械直接接触到胫骨结节处的髌腱，并且加强髌腱止点固定，防止撕脱，因此，能够有效地保护胫骨结节处的髌腱，避免胫骨结节处的髌腱受到损伤。
一些实施例中，固定板1为长方形的板状结构，如图2所示，固定钉2设置有四根、且分别设置在该板状结构的四个边角处，这样，能够实现多方位的固定，有利于提升固定钉2固定的稳固性和紧实性，而且，有利于提升固定板1压紧侧副韧带的压紧面积，提升压紧力。其中，四根固定钉2位于固定板1的同一侧面，为了便于描述，将固定板1的两个侧面分别定义为内侧面和外侧面，具有固定钉2的为内侧面。
在固定板1的中部位置设置有贯穿固定板1的内侧面和外侧面的安装孔11，安装孔11用于安装螺钉组件、以实现螺钉组件的可拆卸连接，螺钉组件用于与股骨髁固定，以便将固定板1固定在股骨髁上，这样，在螺钉组件的作用下，能够提升固定板1连接的紧实性，有利于提升固定板1对侧副韧带的压紧力。
在一些优选的方案中，螺钉组件设置为膨胀式螺钉组件，膨胀式螺钉组件在拧入后可胀开，并与所述股骨髁抵紧，进一步加强侧副韧带的固定。如图6所示，膨胀式螺钉组件包括有膨胀螺钉31和内芯32，其中，膨胀螺钉31设置有沿其轴向延伸的内腔，且内芯32嵌在该内腔中；当内芯32由第一位置移动至第二位置时，膨胀螺钉31胀开，以使膨胀螺钉31的部分外壁的外径增大，进而使膨胀螺钉31与股骨髁上开凿的槽孔抵紧，有利于将固定板1紧实地固定在股骨髁上。其中，第一位置和第二位置均为内芯位于内腔中的位置。这样，该膨胀式螺钉组件的结构简单，能够防止固定板1与股骨髁脱离，进一步加强了固定板1的稳固性。
其中，膨胀螺钉31的内腔沿其轴向分为第一腔室和第二腔室，内芯32 可旋转地设置在第一腔室中，而且第二腔室的内径小于内芯32的外径；膨胀螺钉31上、用于围成第二腔室的侧壁设置有间隙，该间隙将侧壁沿轴向分为多部分，即间隙沿膨胀螺钉31的轴向延伸、并将侧壁内外贯通；这样，当内芯32沿第一方向旋转时，内芯32朝向第二腔室方向移动，并伸入到第二腔室中，由于第二腔室的内径小于内芯32的外径，位于第二腔室的膨胀螺钉31胀开，进而与股骨髁的槽孔抵紧，这样，通过旋转使内芯32移动、并带动膨胀螺钉31胀开，操作便捷，易于安装。
为了使内芯32容易伸入到第二腔室中，将内芯32靠近第二腔室的一端设置为圆锥形，而且在内芯32的另一端设置有旋钮，如图7所示，这样，在安装时省时省力，方便快捷。
为了进一步提升固定板1与股骨髁固定的稳固性和紧实性，将安装孔11和螺钉组件设置为两组，该两组沿固定板1的中心对称设置，有利于保持安装的平衡性。
一些优选方案中，安装孔11位于固定板1内侧面的一端的直径小于另一端的直径，这样以便在螺钉组件穿过安装孔11时，安装孔11能够容纳螺钉组件的头部，使螺钉组件的头部沉于安装孔11内，减少螺钉组件的头部与固定板1组合的整体厚度。
其中，安装孔11的侧壁设置为球弧形壁，螺钉组件也使用头部与安装孔11的侧壁形状匹配的规格，球弧形壁可以在不增加安装孔11深度的情况下，增加螺钉头部与安装孔11侧壁的接触面积，增强固定效果。
固定钉2呈圆锥形，如图3所示，固定钉2靠近固定板1的部分设置有沿轴向分布的若干环形槽21，这样，在患者恢复的过程中，骨头生长愈合并与环形槽21之间形成相互嵌合，从而起到对固定板1的固定作用，有效保证对膝关节侧副韧带的附着点的固定。
四根固定钉2的顶尖向安装孔11的方向倾斜，这样使固定钉2的轴线与安装孔11的轴线之间形成夹角，能够更好地实现对膝关节侧副韧带的固定效 果。
具体地，四根固定钉2的轴线均与安装孔11的轴线之间成2度的夹角，这样既可保证固定钉2能够顺利地进入骨头，又能够起到较好的固定作用。
一些实施例中，固定板1设置为由长方形板沿长度方向弯曲成的劣弧形结构，如图8所示，其中，固定钉2设置为两组、且对称设置在固定板1的内侧面的两端，即两组固定钉2对称设置于固定板1的内侧的弧形方向(即固定板1的长度方向)上的两端。固定钉2位于固定板1的两端，既可以起到良好的定位效果，又不会让固定板1的端部超出固定钉2，避免对其他手术器械的活动造成阻碍。具体地，固定钉2可以设置有四根、且分别位于固定板1的四个边角处，能够起到更好的定位和保护效果。
需要说明的是，固定板1的内侧的圆弧半径可以设置为38毫米，以便能够尽量地与胫骨结节的弧度相适应，以便保证良好的保护效果；两组固定钉2之间的距离可以设置为17毫米，适应于胫骨结节处的髌腱的宽度，在对髌腱进行保护时，髌腱容纳于两组固定钉2之间，形成对髌腱的有效保护；同时为了适应胫骨结节处的胫骨形状，以便使固定钉2与胫骨之间形成固定，将固定钉2的长度可以设置为10毫米，使固定钉2的尖端能够与钉入胫骨表面，防止固定板1发生移位。
两组固定钉2的长度方向均与固定板1的中心处的径向平行，这样可以保证固定板1固定时的平衡性，从而有效地起到保护作用。
一些优选的方案中，为了避免固定板1在对髌腱进行保护时，固定板1的内侧完全压迫在髌腱的表面，造成髌腱出现血流不畅的状况，固定板1的内侧面的边沿处还设置有多个压紧凸起14。压紧凸起14的高度为2毫米。在固定板1对髌腱进行保护时，通过压紧凸起14远离固定板1的一端对髌腱进行局部压紧，使髌腱表面与固定板1的内侧面之间预留出空间，而不会完全压迫在髌腱表面，因此，能够保证髌腱的血流畅通，保证髌腱的正常供血，不会对髌腱的功能产生任何的影响。
其中，压紧凸起14远离固定板1的一端设置为球弧形，这样，既保证了压紧凸起14对髌腱表面的有效压紧，又不会损伤髌腱。
进一步地，压紧凸起14设置为八个，如图10所示，其中，两个压紧凸起14对称位于固定板1弧形长度方向上的两端的中部；另外的六个压紧凸起14对称沿固定板1的宽度方向对称设置，且沿固定板1的弧形长度方向均匀分布。这样，可以对髌腱形成均匀的压紧。
一些优选方案中，为了配合手持器对固定板1进行拿持，固定板1的外侧面设置有安装板15，安装板15与固定板1的宽度方向相垂直，固定板1的两侧分别设置有位置对应的连接盲孔151。手持器上具有与两个连接盲孔151位置对应的两个夹持部，在手持器与安装板15进行连接时，两个夹持部具有相向的夹持力，将安装板15夹紧，并且两个夹持器伸入两个连接盲孔151内形成与安装板15的限位，以避免打滑。
进一步地，连接盲孔151为长圆孔，长圆孔的长度方向与固定板1的宽度方向垂直。安装板15固定设置在固定板1的中部，以便能够与手持器之间形成最为稳定的连接。
固定钉2设置为三棱锥形，这样，固定钉2具有较好的结构强度和较佳的定位效果。
本实施例中，在固定板1的两个长侧边位置相对设置有两个凹槽13，如图4所示，该凹槽13用于供夹持钳的夹持端伸入并夹持，这样，便于定位和安装固定板1，有利于提升安装效率。
固定板1的四个边角均倒成圆角，这样，以避免棱状的边角对人体的肌肉或软组织造成损伤。
固定板1上还设置有若干贯穿固定板1的两个侧面的圆柱孔12。圆柱孔12可以用于固定板1的定位过程中的辅助定位，同时圆柱孔12可穿入缝线以对韧带进行加强或紧缩缝合。圆柱孔12的孔径小于固定钉2的根部直径。以避免影响固定板1的有效压紧面积。
固定板1与固定钉2一体成型，以保证整体的结构强度。固定板1和固定钉2均采用钛合金制成，并且在表面喷涂有HA涂层。
需要说明的是，在不冲突的情况下，本实用新型中的实施方式中的特征可以相互结合。本文所表述的“第一”“第二”等词语，不是对具体顺序的限制，仅仅只是用于区分各个部件或功能。在本实用新型的描述中，还需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“设置”、“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以具体情况理解上述术语在本实用新型中的具体含义。
以上所述，仅为本实用新型的具体实施方式，但本实用新型的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本实用新型揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到变化或替换，都应涵盖在本实用新型的保护范围之内。因此，本实用新型的保护范围应以所述权利要求的保护范围为准。
可以理解的是，上述各实施例中相同或相似部分可以相互参考，在一些实施例中未详细说明的内容可以参见其他实施例中相同或相似的内容。
尽管上面已经示出和描述了本申请的实施例，可以理解的是，上述实施例是示例性的，不能理解为对本申请的限制，本领域的普通技术人员在本申请的范围内可以对上述实施例进行变化、修改、替换和变型。

Claims (20)

  1. 一种膝关节手术韧带固定器，用于固定膝关节侧副韧带或者防止胫骨结节处髌腱损伤，其特征在于，包括有固定板(1)和固定钉(2)，所述固定钉(2)设置为多根、且分别位于所述固定板(1)的同一侧面的边沿位置；当所述固定钉(2)钉入并固定于股骨髁时，所述固定板(1)与所述股骨髁相抵，当所述固定钉(2)钉入并固定于胫骨时，所述固定板(1)位于髌腱的外侧。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的膝关节手术韧带固定器，其特征在于，所述固定板(1)设置为长方形的板状结构，所述固定钉(2)设置为四根、且分别位于所述板状结构的四个边角处。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的膝关节手术韧带固定器，其特征在于，所述固定板(1)的中部设置有贯穿所述固定板(1)两个侧面的安装孔(11)，所述安装孔(11)内穿设有用于与所述股骨髁固定的螺钉组件。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的膝关节手术韧带固定器，其特征在于，所述螺钉组件设置为膨胀式螺钉组件，包括有具有内腔的膨胀螺钉(31)和嵌在所述内腔中的内芯(32)，当所述内芯(32)由第一位置移动至第二位置时，所述膨胀螺钉(31)胀开、并与所述股骨髁抵紧。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的膝关节手术韧带固定器，其特征在于，所述内腔沿轴向分为第一腔室和第二腔室，所述内芯(32)可旋转地设置在所述第一腔室内，所述第二腔室的内径小于所述内芯(32)的外径，所述膨胀螺钉(31)环绕所述第二腔室的侧壁上设置有间隙，所述间隙沿所述膨胀螺钉(31)的轴向延伸、并将所述侧壁内外贯通；当所述内芯(32)沿第一方向旋转时，所述内芯(32)朝向所述第二腔室移动、并将所述膨胀螺钉(31)胀开。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的膝关节手术韧带固定器，其特征在于，所述内芯(32)靠近所述第二腔室的一端设置为圆锥型、另一端设置有旋钮。
  7. 如权利要求3所述的膝关节手术韧带固定器，其特征在于，所述安装 孔(11)和所述螺钉组件设置有两组。
  8. 如权利要求3所述的膝关节手术韧带固定器，其特征在于，所述安装孔(11)靠近所述固定板(1)设置有所述固定钉(2)一侧的一端直径小于另一端的直径。
  9. 如权利要求8所述的膝关节手术韧带固定器，其特征在于，所述安装孔(11)的侧壁为球弧形壁。
  10. 如权利要求2所述的膝关节手术韧带固定器，其特征在于，所述固定钉(2)呈圆锥形，所述固定钉(2)靠近所述固定板(1)的部分设置有沿轴向分布的若干环形槽(21)。
  11. 如权利要求3所述的膝关节手术韧带固定器，其特征在于，所述固定钉(2)的顶尖朝向所述安装孔(11)的方向倾斜。
  12. 如权利要求1所述的膝关节手术韧带固定器，其特征在于，所述固定板(1)设置为由长方形板沿长度方向弯曲成的劣弧形结构，所述固定钉(2)设置为两组、且对称设置在所述固定板(1)的内侧面的两端。
  13. 如权利要求12所述的膝关节手术韧带固定器，其特征在于，所述固定钉(2)的长度方向与所述固定板(1)的中心处的径向平行。
  14. 如权利要求12所述的膝关节手术韧带固定器，其特征在于，所述固定板(1)的内侧面的边沿处设置有多个压紧凸起(14)，所述压紧凸起(14)远离所述固定板(1)的一端设置为球弧形。
  15. 如权利要求12所述的膝关节手术韧带固定器，其特征在于，所述固定板(1)的外侧面的中部设置有安装板(15)，所述安装板(15)与所述固定板(1)的宽度方向相垂直，所述安装板(15)的两侧相对设置有连接盲孔(151)。
  16. 如权利要求15所述的膝关节手术韧带固定器，其特征在于，所述连接盲孔(151)为长圆孔，所述长圆孔的长度方向与所述固定板(1)的宽度方向相垂直。
  17. 如权利要求12所述的膝关节手术韧带固定器，其特征在于，所述固 定钉(2)呈三棱锥型。
  18. 如权利要求2或12所述的膝关节手术韧带固定器，其特征在于，所述固定板(1)的两个长边侧相对设置有供夹持钳伸入并夹持的凹槽(13)。
  19. 如权利要求2或12所述的膝关节手术韧带固定器，其特征在于，所述固定板(1)的边角均倒成圆角。
  20. 如权利要求1所述的膝关节手术韧带固定器，其特征在于，所述固定板(1)上还设置有若干贯穿所述固定板(1)的两个侧面的圆柱孔(12)，所述固定板(1)与所述固定钉(2)为一体式结构。
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