WO2019156030A1 - Laminated glass - Google Patents

Laminated glass Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019156030A1
WO2019156030A1 PCT/JP2019/003889 JP2019003889W WO2019156030A1 WO 2019156030 A1 WO2019156030 A1 WO 2019156030A1 JP 2019003889 W JP2019003889 W JP 2019003889W WO 2019156030 A1 WO2019156030 A1 WO 2019156030A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
wedge
laminated glass
element layer
intermediate film
mrad
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP2019/003889
Other languages
French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
駿介 定金
裕平 儀間
Original Assignee
Ａｇｃ株式会社
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ａｇｃ株式会社 filed Critical Ａｇｃ株式会社
Priority to DE112019000701.7T priority Critical patent/DE112019000701T5/en
Priority to JP2019570738A priority patent/JP7255501B2/en
Publication of WO2019156030A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019156030A1/en

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/0018—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 with means for preventing ghost images
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
    • B32B17/10036—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10293—Edge features, e.g. inserts or holes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10339—Specific parts of the laminated safety glass or glazing being colored or tinted
    • B32B17/10348—Specific parts of the laminated safety glass or glazing being colored or tinted comprising an obscuration band
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
    • B32B17/10559—Shape of the cross-section
    • B32B17/10568—Shape of the cross-section varying in thickness
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2250/00—Layers arrangement
    • B32B2250/03—3 layers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
    • G02B2027/0118—Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising devices for improving the contrast of the display / brillance control visibility
    • G02B2027/012—Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising devices for improving the contrast of the display / brillance control visibility comprising devices for attenuating parasitic image effects
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
    • G02B2027/013—Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising a combiner of particular shape, e.g. curvature
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B2027/0192—Supplementary details
    • G02B2027/0194—Supplementary details with combiner of laminated type, for optical or mechanical aspects

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to laminated glass.
  • HUD head-up display
  • a windshield of a vehicle that reflects an image on a windshield of a vehicle and displays predetermined information in a driver's field of view
  • the projected HUD image is reflected by the vehicle inner surface and the vehicle outer surface of the windshield, so that a reflection double image becomes a problem. Therefore, for example, a laminated glass having an improved reflection double image by providing a thickness deviation (wedge angle) on an intermediate film or glass has been studied.
  • the contrast ratio between the HUD image and the background is required to improve the contrast ratio between the HUD image and the background, and various techniques for achieving this requirement are being studied.
  • a light control element layer is sealed in a windshield, the light control element layer has a low visible light transmittance, and a HUD image is projected onto the light control element layer.
  • the contrast ratio between the HUD image and the background can be improved by reflecting the HUD image by the light control element layer.
  • the projected HUD image is reflected by the vehicle inner surface of the windshield and the vehicle inner surface of the light control element layer.
  • a reflected double image appears.
  • the contrast ratio between the HUD image and the background is improved and the color of the reflected double image is different from that of the main image, the reflected double image is more conspicuous than the conventional image, thereby reducing the reflected double image. Therefore, more strict measures are necessary.
  • the present invention has been made in view of the above points, and an object of the present invention is to obtain a HUD image that has a high contrast ratio with the background and is difficult to visually recognize a reflected double image.
  • the laminated glass is a laminated glass in which an intermediate film is sandwiched between a vehicle outer side glass plate and a vehicle inner side glass plate, and includes a display area that reflects a projection image from the vehicle and displays information.
  • a dimming element layer enclosed in the intermediate film is disposed in at least a part of the display area, and between the inner surface of the dimming element layer and the inner surface of the inner glass plate,
  • FIG. 2 is a partial cross-sectional view of a windshield 20A having a shape similar to that of FIG.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram exemplifying a windshield for a vehicle, and is a diagram schematically showing a state in which the windshield is visually recognized from the vehicle interior to the vehicle exterior.
  • the windshield 20 includes a HUD display area R 1 to be used in HUD, and a HUD-display region R 2 is not used (fluoroscopy region) with HUD.
  • HUD display area R 1 rotates the mirror constituting the HUD, when viewed from the V1 point of JIS R3212, the range in which light from the mirror constituting the HUD is irradiated on the windshield 20.
  • the fluoroscopic region refers to a region where the visible light transmittance Tv is 70% or more.
  • the HUD display area R 1 is located below the windshield 20, and the HUD display outside area R 2 is located around the HUD display area R 1 of the windshield 20.
  • HUD display area R 1 and light control device layer 250 in a region in the vicinity thereof are provided.
  • HUD display area for example, as in the HUD display area R 11 and HUD display area R 12 shown in FIG. 1 (b), may be arranged separately in a plurality of locations in the Z direction.
  • HUD display area R 11 and light control device layer 250 in a region in the vicinity thereof it is provided, HUD display area R 12 and light control device layer 250 in the vicinity area provided It is not done.
  • the light control element layer 250 can be provided in at least a part of the HUD display area.
  • the HUD display area may be divided into a plurality of locations in the Y direction (not shown).
  • a dark shielding layer 29 exists on the peripheral edge of the windshield 20.
  • the shielding layer 29 may be a black ceramic layer.
  • the black ceramic layer can be formed by applying black ceramic printing ink on a glass surface and baking it.
  • the presence of the black opaque shielding layer 29 at the peripheral edge of the windshield 20 can suppress deterioration of the resin such as urethane that holds the peripheral edge of the windshield 20 due to ultraviolet rays.
  • FIG. 2 (a) is a partial cross-sectional view of the windshield 20 shown in FIG. 1 (a) cut in the XZ direction and viewed from the Y direction.
  • FIG. 2B is a partial cross-sectional view of the windshield 20 shown in FIG. 1B cut in the XZ direction and viewed from the Y direction.
  • the windshield 20 includes a glass plate 210 that is a vehicle inner side glass plate, a glass plate 220 that is a vehicle outer side glass plate, an intermediate film 230, and light control.
  • the glass plate 210 and the glass plate 220 are fixed with the intermediate film 230 sandwiched therebetween.
  • the intermediate film 230 is formed of a plurality of intermediate films.
  • the intermediate film 230 is formed of three layers of intermediate films 231, 232, and 233, but is formed of four or more layers of intermediate films. Also good.
  • the light control element layer 250 enclosed in the intermediate film 230 is disposed in at least a part of the HUD display area.
  • the inner surface of the intermediate film 231 is in contact with the glass plate 210, and a part of the outer surface of the intermediate film 231 covers the inner surface of the light control element layer 250.
  • the outer surface of the intermediate film 233 is in contact with the glass plate 220, and a part of the inner surface of the intermediate film 233 covers the outer surface of the light control element layer 250. That is, the intermediate film 230 includes an intermediate film 231 located on the vehicle inner side than the dimming element layer 250 and an intermediate film 233 located on the vehicle outer side than the dimming element layer 250.
  • the dimming element layer 250 is an intermediate film. It is sandwiched between the film 231 and the intermediate film 233.
  • the intermediate film 232 is disposed, for example, in a frame shape around the light control element layer 250 in a plan view, and is sandwiched between the intermediate film 231 and the intermediate film 233 together with the light control element layer 250. It is desirable that the thickness of the intermediate film 232 is approximately the same as the thickness of the light control element layer 250. As described above, by disposing the intermediate film 232 around the light control element layer 250, it is possible to suppress the remaining air during the production of the laminated glass and the subsequent foaming of the intermediate film. Further, the intermediate film 232 may not be used depending on the thickness of the light control element layer 250.
  • the thickness of the light control element layer 250 is preferably 0.1 mm or more and 0.5 mm or less, and more preferably 0.15 mm or more and 0.4 mm or less.
  • a suspended particle device (SPD) film can be used as the light control element layer 250 .
  • SPD film a general SPD constructed by sandwiching a polymer layer containing suspended particles that can be oriented by applying a voltage between two electrically insulating films coated with a transparent conductive film on the inside. Film can be used.
  • Such an SPD film has a high visible light transmittance and high transparency due to orientation of suspended particles in the polymer layer by applying a voltage between the transparent conductive films with the power switch turned on. become. When the power switch is off, the suspended particles in the polymer layer are not oriented, and the visible light transmittance is low and the transparency is low.
  • the SPD film for example, a commercially available product such as LCF-1103DHA (trade name, manufactured by Hitachi Chemical Co., Ltd.) can be used.
  • LCF-1103DHA trade name, manufactured by Hitachi Chemical Co., Ltd.
  • the thickness of the SPD film used for the windshield 20 is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.2 to 0.4 mm from the viewpoint of handleability and availability.
  • the SPD film By using the SPD film, it is possible to electrically switch between a state where the visible light transmittance is high and a state where the visible light transmittance is low.
  • the contrast ratio between the HUD image and the background can be improved by projecting the HUD image onto the HUD display area where the SPD film is present in a state where the visible light transmittance of the SPD film is low.
  • the contrast ratio between the HUD image and the background can be improved also when a polymer dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) is used as the light control element layer 250 instead of the SPD film.
  • PDLC polymer dispersed liquid crystal
  • a PDLC film can be made by mixing a prepolymer, a nematic liquid crystal, and a spacer material in a specific ratio, and then placed between two soft transparent conductive films.
  • the operating principle includes the following. When no electric field is applied, the liquid crystal droplets can be randomly distributed in the polymer material with the directors freely aligned.
  • the refractive index of the liquid crystal for normal light does not match that of the polymer material, causing a relatively strong scattering effect for the light, so that the appearance of the PDLC film is translucent or opaque “milky white” Become.
  • the liquid crystal droplets can be aligned along the direction of the external electric field because of their positive dielectric anisotropy characteristics. If the refractive index of the liquid crystal for normal light matches that of the polymer material, the light can pass through the PDLC film and thus the PDLC film will have a transparent appearance. Specifically, the higher the voltage supplied to the PDLC film, the more transparent the PDLC film.
  • PNLC polymer network liquid crystal
  • guest host liquid crystal photochromic, electrochromic, and electrokinetic
  • the contrast ratio between the HUD image and the background can be improved.
  • the front glass 20 is provided with a wiring conductor serving as a power feeding means to the light control element layer 250.
  • the wiring conductor is disposed, for example, so as to be hidden by the shielding layer 29 on the peripheral edge of the lower side of the windshield 20.
  • the voltage applied to the light control element layer 250 can be controlled and used in a transparent state. By making it transparent, the contrast of the HUD image is lowered, but the outside scene can be easily seen through the area where the light control element layer is arranged, so that the field of view for the driver is widened. is there. This is particularly effective when the ambient brightness is dark and the contrast of the HUD image becomes sufficiently large, such as at night or in a tunnel.
  • a sensor that senses the intensity of outside light is provided, and a means for automatically adjusting the voltage applied to the light control element layer 250 according to the intensity of outside light may be taken. it can.
  • an inner surface 21 of the windshield 20 that is one surface of the glass plate 210 that is the inner side of the vehicle and an outer surface 22 of the windshield 20 that is one surface of the glass plate 220 that is the outer side of the vehicle are: It may be a flat surface or a curved surface.
  • the windshield 20 is vertical when the windshield 20 is attached to the vehicle between the inner surface of the light control element layer 250 and the inner surface (inner surface 21) of the glass plate 210.
  • a wedge-shaped region in section view is thicker at the upper end side in the direction than the lower end side, and the wedge angle of the wedge-shaped region in section view is ⁇ .
  • the intermediate film 231 located inside the vehicle from the light control element layer 250 is formed in a wedge shape in cross section, and the thicknesses of the glass plates 210 and 220 and the intermediate films 232 and 233 are the same. Is uniform. Since the wedge angle of the intermediate film 231 is ⁇ i and the thicknesses of the glass plates 210 and 220 and the intermediate films 232 and 233 are uniform, the wedge angle ⁇ i of the intermediate film 231 is determined by the inner surface 21 and the outer surface 22 of the windshield 20. Is equal to the wedge angle ⁇ (the wedge angle of the entire laminated glass).
  • the increase in thickness from the lower end side to the upper end side of the intermediate film 231 may be a monotonous increase in which the rate of increase is constant, or the rate of increase may partially change.
  • the portion located inside the vehicle from the light control element layer 250 is formed in a wedge shape in cross section, so that the light control element layer 250 is visible.
  • the above-mentioned wedge angle ⁇ is a minimum of two values from 13 data existing in the range of 30 mm before and after a certain point from the thickness of the windshield 20 measured every 5 mm in the vertical direction when the windshield 20 is attached to the vehicle.
  • the average change rate of the thickness of the windshield 20 obtained by multiplication is used.
  • the wedge angles of the glass plate and the interlayer film are also determined as described above.
  • the increase in thickness from the lower end side to the upper end side of the windshield 20 may be a monotonous increase in which the rate of increase is constant, or the rate of increase may partially change.
  • the wedge angle ⁇ i is preferably greater than 0 mrad and equal to or less than 0.8 mrad.
  • the wedge angle ⁇ i is more preferably greater than 0 mrad and less than or equal to 0.6 mrad, and more preferably greater than 0 mrad and less than or equal to 0.4 mrad. This is because the color of the HUD image can be controlled to be closer to the actual color within the above range.
  • the wedge angle ⁇ i when the wedge angle ⁇ i is 0.6 mrad or less, or 0.4 mrad or less, the above effect can be easily obtained even when the imaging distance of the HUD image is long.
  • the wedge angle ⁇ i may be 0.05 mrad or more, or 0.1 mrad or more.
  • the curvature of the windshield 20 in the vertical direction is preferably a radius of 4000 mm or more, and more preferably a radius of 5000 mm or more.
  • the curvature of the horizontal direction of the windshield 20 is 1000 mm or more in radius, and it is more preferable that it is 1200 mm or more in radius. If the curvatures in the vertical direction and the horizontal direction are within the above ranges, it is possible to reduce distortion such as image inclination and expansion / contraction when the viewpoint of the HUD image projected onto the light control element layer 250 is moved.
  • the space between the inner surface (inner surface 21) of the glass plate 210 and the outer surface (outer surface 22) of the glass plate 220 is preferable that a wedge-shaped region in cross-sectional view is provided in which the thickness of the upper end side in the vertical direction when the windshield 20 is attached to the vehicle is thicker than the lower end side.
  • the setting of the wedge angle ⁇ i may not be as strict as the region where the light control element layer 250 is sealed in the intermediate film 230. .
  • the wedge angle ⁇ i is preferably greater than 0 mrad and equal to or less than 1.0 mrad. If the wedge angle ⁇ i is within this range, the visibility of the main image can be sufficiently improved.
  • the wedge angle ⁇ is preferably greater than 0 mrad and 1.0 mrad or less, more preferably 0.2 mrad or more and 0.9 mrad or less, and further preferably 0.2 mrad or more and 0.8 mrad or less. .
  • the intermediate film 231 is formed in a wedge shape in cross section, but one or both of the intermediate film 231 and the glass plate 210 may be formed in a wedge shape in cross section. That is, only the intermediate film 231 may be formed in a wedge shape in cross-sectional view with a wedge angle ⁇ i, or only the glass plate 210 may be formed in a wedge shape in cross-sectional view with a wedge angle ⁇ i. Alternatively, the intermediate film 231 and the glass plate 210 may be formed in a wedge shape in cross section, and the total of the wedge angle of the intermediate film 231 and the wedge angle of the glass plate 210 may be defined as the wedge angle ⁇ i.
  • the intermediate film 232 may be formed in a wedge shape in cross section, or the light control element layer 250 is not sealed.
  • the intermediate film 233 may be formed in a wedge shape in cross section in a region or a region in which the light control element layer 250 is enclosed.
  • the glass plate 210 When the glass plate 210 is formed in a wedge shape, when the glass plate 210 is manufactured by the float process, it can be obtained by devising the manufacturing conditions. That is, by adjusting the peripheral speed of a plurality of rolls arranged at both ends in the width direction of the glass ribbon traveling on the molten metal, the glass cross section in the width direction is made into a concave shape, a convex shape, or a tapered shape. What is necessary is just to cut out the part with plate thickness change.
  • the increase in the plate thickness from the lower end side to the upper end side of the glass plate 210 may be a monotonous increase in which the rate of increase is constant, or the rate of increase may partially change.
  • the glass plates 210 and 220 for example, soda lime glass, aluminosilicate, organic glass, or the like can be used.
  • soda lime glass the double iron image of HUD becomes difficult to see, and from the viewpoint of the thermal insulation of the occupant, either of the glass plates 210 and 220 has a total iron content of Fe 2 O in the composition. It is preferably 0.4% by mass or more of green glass in terms of 3 .
  • the thickness of the glass plate 220 located outside the windshield 20 is preferably 1.8 mm or more and 3 mm or less at the thinnest part.
  • the thickness of the glass plate 220 is 1.8 mm or more, strength such as stepping stone performance is sufficient, and when it is 3 mm or less, the mass of the laminated glass does not become too large, which is preferable in terms of vehicle fuel consumption.
  • board thickness of the glass plate 220 1.8 mm or more and 2.8 mm or less are more preferable in the thinnest part, and 1.8 mm or more and 2.6 mm or less are still more preferable.
  • board thickness of the glass plate 210 located inside the windshield 20 is 0.3 mm or more and 2.3 mm or less.
  • the plate thickness of the glass plate 210 is 0.3 mm or more, the handling property is good, and when it is 2.3 mm or less, the mass of the windshield 20 does not become too large.
  • the glass quality (for example, residual stress) can be maintained by setting the thickness of the glass plate 210 to 0.3 mm or more and 2.3 mm or less. Setting the thickness of the glass plate 210 to 0.3 mm or more and 2.3 mm or less is particularly effective in maintaining the glass quality (for example, residual stress) in deeply bent glass.
  • the thickness of the glass plate 210 is more preferably from 0.5 mm to 2.1 mm, and still more preferably from 0.7 mm to 1.9 mm.
  • the glass plates 210 and 220 are bent after being formed by the float method and before being bonded by the intermediate film 230. Bending is performed by softening the glass by heating. The glass heating temperature during bending is approximately 550 ° C. to 700 ° C.
  • the intermediate film 230 (intermediate films 231, 232, and 233) that bonds the glass plate 210 and the glass plate 220 is preferably a thermoplastic resin, such as a plasticized polyvinyl acetal resin or plasticized Conventionally, such as polyvinyl chloride resin, saturated polyester resin, plasticized saturated polyester resin, polyurethane resin, plasticized polyurethane resin, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer resin, ethylene-ethyl acrylate copolymer resin, etc.
  • the thermoplastic resin currently used for the kind of use is mentioned.
  • the resin composition containing the modified block copolymer hydride described in the patent 6065221 can also be used conveniently.
  • a plasticized polyvinyl acetal resin is excellent in balance of various properties such as transparency, weather resistance, strength, adhesive strength, penetration resistance, impact energy absorption, moisture resistance, heat insulation, and sound insulation.
  • thermoplastic resins may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
  • “Plasticization” in the plasticized polyvinyl acetal resin means that it is plasticized by adding a plasticizer. The same applies to other plasticized resins.
  • the resin not containing a plasticizer examples include ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer resin.
  • the polyvinyl acetal-based resin is a polyvinyl formal resin obtained by reacting polyvinyl alcohol (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “PVA” if necessary) and formaldehyde, and a narrow meaning obtained by reacting PVA and acetaldehyde.
  • PVB is preferred because of its excellent balance of various properties such as strength, adhesive strength, penetration resistance, impact energy absorption, moisture resistance, heat insulation, and sound insulation.
  • These polyvinyl acetal resins may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
  • the material for forming the intermediate film 230 is not limited to the thermoplastic resin.
  • the thickness of the intermediate film 230 is preferably 0.5 mm or more at the thinnest part in total thickness. When the thickness of the intermediate film 230 is 0.5 mm or more, the penetration resistance necessary for the windshield is sufficient.
  • the thickness of the intermediate film 230 is preferably 3 mm or less at the thickest portion in total thickness. When the maximum thickness of the intermediate film 230 is 3 mm or less, the mass of the laminated glass does not become too large.
  • the maximum value of the thickness of the intermediate film 230 is more preferably 2.8 mm or less, and even more preferably 2.6 mm or less.
  • one or more of the intermediate film 231, the intermediate film 232, and the intermediate film 233 may include three or more layers.
  • the sound insulation of the laminated glass can be improved by forming the intermediate film from three layers and making the hardness of the middle layer lower than the hardness of the layers on both sides by adjusting the plasticizer or the like.
  • the hardness of the layers on both sides may be the same or different.
  • the light source of the HUD is located below the passenger compartment and projected from there to the laminated glass. Since the projected images are reflected by the back and front surfaces of the glass plates 210 and 220, the thickness of the glass plate changes in parallel to the projection direction in order to overlap the two reflected images so that a double image is not generated. It is necessary to.
  • the glass plates 210 and 220 are float glass, they have streaks parallel to the flow direction when the glass plate is manufactured.
  • the thickness of the glass plate 220 changes in a direction perpendicular to the streak, the streak direction is perpendicular to the projection direction, that is, the streak is a vehicle interior observer (driver).
  • the horizontal direction and must be used in a direction in which visibility deteriorates due to perspective distortion.
  • the laminated glass produced using the glass plate 210, the glass plate 220, and the intermediate film 230 should be arranged so that the lines of the glass plate 210 and the lines of the glass plate 220 are orthogonal to each other. Is preferred. With this arrangement, the distortion that is worsened by the glass plate 210 alone is alleviated by the presence of the glass plate 220 having straight lines and the intermediate film 230 that bonds the glass plate 210 and the glass plate 220 together.
  • the above-mentioned resin material that becomes each of the intermediate films is appropriately selected, and extrusion molding is performed in a heated and melted state using an extruder.
  • the extrusion conditions such as the extrusion speed of the extruder are set to be uniform.
  • the extruded films are stretched as necessary, for example, in order to give curvature to the upper and lower sides in accordance with the design of the windshield 20, thereby completing the intermediate films 231, 232, and 233. .
  • a laminated body is formed by sandwiching the intermediate film 231, the light control element layer 250, the intermediate film 232, and the intermediate film 233 between the glass plate 210 and the glass plate 220.
  • the intermediate film 232 is disposed around the light control element layer 250.
  • the laminate is put in a rubber bag and bonded at a temperature of about 70 to 110 ° C. in a vacuum of ⁇ 65 to ⁇ 100 kPa.
  • a laminated glass having higher durability can be obtained by performing a pressure-bonding treatment by heating and pressing under conditions of 100 to 150 ° C. and a pressure of 0.6 to 1.3 MPa.
  • the heating and pressing step may not be used in consideration of simplification of the process and the characteristics of the material to be enclosed in the laminated glass.
  • a film or a device having functions such as heat generation and an antenna may be included.
  • FIG. The glass plate 210 or the glass plate 220 may be coated.
  • glass plates 210 and 220 are prepared (size: 300 mm ⁇ 300 mm ⁇ plate thickness 2 mm, plate thickness is uniform), and Comparative Examples 1 to 4, Reference Examples 1 to 3,
  • laminated glasses of Examples 1 to 6 were produced.
  • an SPD film is used as the light control element layer 250.
  • As the green glass a generic name VFL manufactured by AGC was used.
  • As clear glass AGC's common name FL was used.
  • the product name Mersen G7060 manufactured by Tosoh Nickemi Co., Ltd. was used as the intermediate film.
  • trade name LCF-1103DHA thinness 0.35 mm
  • Hitachi Chemical Co., Ltd. was used.
  • the laminated glass of Comparative Example 1 uses green glass for the glass plates on the inside and outside of the vehicle, does not have a wedge-shaped region in cross section, and the SPD film is not sealed in the intermediate film 230.
  • the laminated glass of Comparative Example 2 uses green glass for the vehicle inner and outer glass plates and has a wedge-shaped region in cross section (wedge angle 0.3 mrad), but the SPD film is enclosed in the intermediate film 230.
  • the laminated glass of Comparative Example 3 uses green glass for the glass plates on the vehicle inner side and the vehicle outer side and does not have a wedge-shaped region in cross section, but an SPD film is enclosed in the intermediate film 230.
  • the laminated glass of Comparative Example 4 uses green glass for the inner and outer glass plates, has a wedge-shaped region in cross section (wedge angle 1.0 mrad), and an SPD film is sealed in the intermediate film 230. Yes.
  • the laminated glass of Example 1 uses green glass for the glass plates on the vehicle inner side and the vehicle outer side, has a wedge-shaped region in cross section (wedge angle 0.8 mrad), and an SPD film is sealed in the intermediate film 230. Yes.
  • the laminated glass of Example 2 uses green glass for the glass plates on the vehicle inner side and the vehicle outer side, has a wedge-shaped region in cross section (wedge angle 0.6 mrad), and an SPD film is sealed in the intermediate film 230.
  • the laminated glass of Example 3 uses green glass for the glass plates on the vehicle inner side and the vehicle outer side, has a wedge-shaped region in sectional view (wedge angle 0.4 mrad), and an SPD film is sealed in the intermediate film 230.
  • the laminated glass of Example 4 uses clear glass for the vehicle inner and outer glass plates, has a wedge-shaped region in cross section (wedge angle 0.4 mrad), and an SPD film is sealed in the intermediate film 230. Yes.
  • the laminated glass of Examples 5 and 6 uses green glass for the glass plates on the inside and outside of the vehicle, and has a wedge-shaped region in sectional view (wedge angle 0.8 mrad). ), An SPD film is enclosed in the intermediate film 230. However, in Examples 5 and 6, the voltage applied to the SPD film was set to a value different from that in Example 1 in order to confirm the influence of the visible light transmittance Tv on the image contrast and the like. The light transmittance Tv is increased.
  • the laminated glass of Reference Examples 1 to 3 uses green glass for the glass plates on the inside and outside of the vehicle, and has a wedge-shaped region in cross section (wedge angle 0.8 mrad). ), An SPD film is enclosed in the intermediate film 230.
  • the voltage applied to the SPD film was set to a value different from those in Examples 5 and 6, and Example 5 and The visible light transmittance Tv is further increased than 6.
  • the predetermined wavelengths (436 nm, 546 nm, and 700 nm) are wavelengths corresponding to red, green, and blue in the RGB color system defined by CIE, and if the difference in reflectance corresponding to these is large, the color change of the reflected image is visually recognized. .
  • each evaluation in Comparative Examples 1 and 2 is performed by projecting a HUD image on the HUD display area and determining whether or not the user feels uncomfortable with the naked eye. The case where the user feels “x”.
  • the laminated glass of Comparative Example 1 does not have a wedge-shaped region in cross section, and therefore the distance between the main image and the reflected double image is large, and the reflected double image is conspicuous.
  • the laminated glass of Comparative Example 1 since the SPD film was not sealed in the intermediate film 230, the color of the reflected double image and the color of the main image were the same, but the image contrast was poor.
  • the laminated glass of Comparative Example 2 Since the laminated glass of Comparative Example 2 has a wedge-shaped region in cross section, the distance between the main image and the reflected double image is small, and the reflected double image is not conspicuous. In the laminated glass of Comparative Example 2, since the SPD film was not sealed in the intermediate film 230, the color of the reflected double image and the color of the main image were the same, but the image contrast was poor.
  • the laminated glass of Comparative Example 3 does not have a wedge-shaped region in cross section, the distance between the main image and the reflected double image is large, and the reflected double image is conspicuous.
  • the laminated glass of Comparative Example 3 since the SPD film was sealed in the intermediate film 230, the contrast of the image was good, but the color of the reflected double image was conspicuous and the visibility was poor.
  • the laminated glass of Comparative Example 4 has a wedge-shaped region in cross section, but the distance between the main image and the reflected double image is large, and the reflected double image is conspicuous. This is considered to be because the distance between the main image and the reflected double image cannot be sufficiently controlled because the wedge angle is large (1.0 mrad).
  • the laminated glass of Comparative Example 4 since the SPD film was enclosed in the intermediate film 230, the image contrast was good, but the color of the reflected double image was conspicuous and the visibility was poor.
  • the laminated glass of Example 1 since the laminated glass of Example 1 has a wedge-shaped region in cross section, the distance between the main image and the reflected double image is small, and the reflected double image is not conspicuous. The distance between the main image and the reflected double image cannot be sufficiently controlled when the wedge angle is 1.0 mrad as in Comparative Example 4, but the distance between the main image and the reflected double image can be sufficiently controlled when the wedge angle is 0.8 mrad. Was confirmed.
  • the laminated glass of Example 1 had good image contrast because the SPD film was sealed in the intermediate film 230. Since the distance between the reflected double images was small and the main image and the reflected double image almost overlapped, the color of the reflected double image was not visible, and the visibility of the main image was good.
  • the laminated glass of Example 2 Since the laminated glass of Example 2 has a wedge-shaped region in cross section, the distance between the main image and the reflected double image is small, and the reflected double image is not conspicuous. It was confirmed that the distance between the main image and the reflected double image can be sufficiently controlled when the wedge angle is 0.6 mrad. Further, in the laminated glass of Example 2, since the SPD film was sealed in the intermediate film 230, the contrast of the image was good. Since the distance between the reflected double images was small and the main image and the reflected double image almost overlapped, the color of the reflected double image was not visible, and the visibility of the main image was good.
  • the laminated glass of Example 3 Since the laminated glass of Example 3 has a wedge-shaped region in cross section, the distance between the main image and the reflected double image is small, and the reflected double image is not conspicuous. It was confirmed that the distance between the main image and the reflected double image can be sufficiently controlled when the wedge angle is 0.4 mrad. Further, in the laminated glass of Example 3, since the SPD film was sealed in the intermediate film 230, the contrast of the image was good. Since the distance between the reflected double images was small and the main image and the reflected double image almost overlapped, the color of the reflected double image was not visible, and the visibility of the main image was good.
  • the laminated glass of Example 4 Since the laminated glass of Example 4 has a wedge-shaped region in cross section, the distance between the main image and the reflected double image is small, and the reflected double image is not conspicuous. It was confirmed that the distance between the main image and the reflected double image can be sufficiently controlled when the wedge angle is 0.4 mrad. Further, in the laminated glass of Example 4, since the SPD film was sealed in the intermediate film 230, the contrast of the image was good. Since the distance between the reflected double images was small and the main image and the reflected double image almost overlapped, the color of the reflected double image was not visible, and the visibility of the main image was good.
  • Example 3 The difference from Example 3 is that clear glass is used for the glass plates on the inside and outside of the vehicle, but the difference in reflectance at a predetermined wavelength changes, but the glass plates on the inside and outside of the vehicle as a whole. It can be said that there is no significant difference from the case of using green glass.
  • Examples 5 and 6 are examples in the case where the voltage applied to the SPD film is changed in the configuration of Example 1 to slightly change the visible light transmittance, but the visible light transmittance is 2.8%. Also, it was found that the image contrast was good even at 4.5% and 4.5%. Compared with Example 1 of 0.5%, the contrast was slightly lowered. On the other hand, as shown in Reference Example 3, when the visible light transmittance was increased to 25%, the contrast was greatly reduced, resulting in a great discomfort with respect to the visibility. From this, it was found that the contrast of the image is influenced by the transmittance of the light control element layer in addition to the wedge angle. Therefore, the visible light transmittance of the light control element layer 250 is preferably 20% or less, more preferably 5% or less, and still more preferably 1% or less from the viewpoint of image contrast.
  • the SPD film sealed in the intermediate film is disposed in at least a part of the HUD display region,
  • the contrast ratio with the background is increased. It is possible to obtain a HUD image that is high and is difficult to visually recognize the reflected double image.
  • ⁇ Variation 1 of the first embodiment In the first modification of the first embodiment, an example in which a wedge-shaped region in cross-sectional view is provided on the vehicle outer side than the light control element layer 250 is shown. In the first modification of the first embodiment, the description of the same components as those of the already described embodiments may be omitted.
  • FIG. 4 (a) is a partial cross-sectional view of the windshield 20A having the same shape as that of FIG. 1 (a) cut in the XZ direction and viewed from the Y direction.
  • FIG. 4B is a partial cross-sectional view of the windshield 20A having the same shape as that in FIG.
  • the windshield 20A shown in FIGS. 4 (a) and 4 (b) has a wedge shape in cross section that increases in thickness from the lower end side to the upper end side of the windshield 20A when the windshield 20A is attached to the vehicle.
  • the wedge angle is ⁇ .
  • the windshield 20A is different from the windshield 20 (see FIG. 2 and the like) in that both the vehicle inner side and the vehicle outer side are formed in a wedge shape in cross section than the light control element layer 250.
  • the intermediate film 231 located on the vehicle inner side with respect to the light control element layer 250 is formed in a wedge shape in sectional view, and is located on the vehicle outer side with respect to the light control element layer 250.
  • the intermediate film 233A is formed in a wedge shape in cross section. The thicknesses of the glass plates 210 and 220 and the intermediate film 232 are uniform.
  • the wedge angle of the intermediate film 231 is ⁇ i
  • the wedge angle of the intermediate film 233A is ⁇ j
  • the thicknesses of the glass plates 210 and 220 and the intermediate film 232 are uniform
  • the total of the wedge angle ⁇ j of 233A is equal to the wedge angle ⁇ formed by the inner surface 21 and the outer surface 22 of the windshield 20 (the wedge angle of the entire laminated glass).
  • the intermediate film 233 ⁇ / b> A is formed in a wedge shape in cross section, but one or both of the intermediate film 233 ⁇ / b> A and the glass plate 220 may be formed in a wedge shape in cross section. That is, only the intermediate film 233A may be formed in a wedge shape in a sectional view with a wedge angle ⁇ j, or only the glass plate 220 may be formed in a wedge shape in a sectional view with a wedge angle ⁇ j. Alternatively, the intermediate film 233A and the glass plate 220 may be formed in a wedge shape in cross section, and the total of the wedge angle of the intermediate film 233A and the wedge angle of the glass plate 220 may be set as the wedge angle ⁇ j.
  • the wedge angle ⁇ i is preferably greater than 0 mrad and equal to or less than 0.8 mrad.
  • the wedge angle ⁇ i is preferably greater than 0 mrad and equal to or less than 0.8 mrad.
  • the wedge angle ⁇ i is more preferably greater than 0 mrad and less than or equal to 0.6 mrad, and more preferably greater than 0 mrad and less than or equal to 0.4 mrad. This is because the color of the HUD image can be controlled to be more realistic.
  • the wedge angle ⁇ j is preferably greater than 0 mrad and less than or equal to 0.8 mrad.
  • the wedge angle ⁇ j when the wedge angle ⁇ j is set to 0.8 mrad or less, the main image reflected from the inner surface of the windshield and the windshield vehicle when the light control element layer 250 has a high visible light transmittance. The distance of the reflected double image reflected from the outer surface is reduced to make the main image and the reflected double image almost overlap each other, thereby making the color of the reflected double image invisible, so that the color of the HUD image is actually realized. Can be controlled close to At this time, there may be a reflection double image (substantially the image appears to be triple) reflected by the inner surface of the light control element layer 250, but for this, the wedge angle ⁇ i is larger than 0 mrad. By setting it to 0.8 mrad or less, it can be superimposed on the main image.
  • the wedge angle ⁇ j is more preferably greater than 0 mrad and less than or equal to 0.6 mrad, and more preferably greater than 0 mrad and less than or equal to 0.4 mrad.
  • the wedge angle ⁇ i may be 0.05 mrad or more, or 0.1 mrad or more.
  • the intermediate film 233A located on the vehicle outer side from the light control element layer 250 in a wedge shape in cross section, the light control element layer 250 has a high visible light transmittance.
  • the intermediate film 232 may be wedge-shaped in cross section.
  • the light control element layer 250 is in a state where the visible light transmittance is high, there is light reflected from the vehicle inner surface (inner surface 21) of the windshield 20A and the vehicle inner surface of the light control element layer.
  • a reflected double image is generated, the distance between the main image and the reflected double image can be reduced by the wedge-shaped intermediate film 231 in cross section.
  • the wedge-shaped intermediate film 233A causes the main image to be reflected. And the reflection double image can be reduced. As a result, an HUD image in which the reflected double image is difficult to visually recognize can be obtained.
  • the contrast ratio between the HUD image and the background can be improved as in the first embodiment.
  • the contrast ratio between the HUD image and the background can be improved as in the first embodiment.
  • the distance between the main image and the reflected double image can be reduced. As a result, it is possible to obtain an HUD image having a high contrast ratio with the background and making it difficult to visually recognize the reflected double image.

Abstract

A laminated glass of the present invention is one in which an intermediate film is sandwiched between a vehicle-exterior-side glass plate and a vehicle-interior-side glass plate, wherein a display region on which a projected image from the interior of a vehicle is reflected and information is displayed is provided in the laminated glass, a dimming element layer enclosed in the intermediate layer is arranged in at least a part of the display region, a region having a wedge-like shape as observed in the cross section direction is provided between a vehicle-interior-side surface of the dimming element layer and a vehicle-interior-side surface of the vehicle-interior-side glass plate, the thickness on an upper end side is larger than that on a lower end side in the region having a wedge-like shape as observed in the cross section direction as observed in the vertical direction when the laminated glass is installed in a vehicle, and the wedge angle of the region having a wedge-like shape as observed in the cross section direction is larger than 0 mrad and is equal to or lower than 0.8 mrad.

Description

合わせガラスLaminated glass
　本発明は、合わせガラスに関する。 The present invention relates to laminated glass.
　近年、車両のフロントガラスに画像を反射させて運転者の視界に所定の情報を表示するヘッドアップディスプレイ（以下、ＨＵＤとも言う。）の導入が進んでいる。フロントガラスにＨＵＤ像を投影した場合、投影したＨＵＤ像がフロントガラスの車内側の面と車外側の面で反射するため、反射二重像が問題となる。そこで、例えば、中間膜やガラスに厚さの偏差（楔角）を設け、反射二重像を改善した合わせガラスが検討されている。 In recent years, the introduction of a head-up display (hereinafter also referred to as HUD) that reflects an image on a windshield of a vehicle and displays predetermined information in a driver's field of view is in progress. When the HUD image is projected on the windshield, the projected HUD image is reflected by the vehicle inner surface and the vehicle outer surface of the windshield, so that a reflection double image becomes a problem. Therefore, for example, a laminated glass having an improved reflection double image by providing a thickness deviation (wedge angle) on an intermediate film or glass has been studied.
　又、ＨＵＤ像と背景とのコントラスト比を向上させることが求められており、この要求を達成するための様々な技術が検討されている。一例として、フロントガラスに調光素子層を封入し、調光素子層を可視光透過率が低い状態にし、調光素子層にＨＵＤ像を投影する技術が挙げられる。この技術では、調光素子層によりＨＵＤ像を反射させることで、ＨＵＤ像と背景とのコントラスト比を向上させることができる。 Also, it is required to improve the contrast ratio between the HUD image and the background, and various techniques for achieving this requirement are being studied. As an example, there is a technique in which a light control element layer is sealed in a windshield, the light control element layer has a low visible light transmittance, and a HUD image is projected onto the light control element layer. In this technique, the contrast ratio between the HUD image and the background can be improved by reflecting the HUD image by the light control element layer.
特開２０１１－１８３９１６号公報JP 2011-183916 A
　しかしながら、調光素子層を可視光透過率が低い状態にしてＨＵＤ像を投影した場合、投影したＨＵＤ像がフロントガラスの車内側の面と調光素子層の車内側の面で反射するため、反射二重像が見えてしまう。特に、ＨＵＤ像と背景とのコントラスト比が向上し、更に反射二重像の色味が主像と異なっていることで、従来よりも反射二重像が目立つため、反射二重像を低減するための、より厳密な対策が必要である。 However, when the HUD image is projected with the light control element layer having a low visible light transmittance, the projected HUD image is reflected by the vehicle inner surface of the windshield and the vehicle inner surface of the light control element layer. A reflected double image appears. In particular, since the contrast ratio between the HUD image and the background is improved and the color of the reflected double image is different from that of the main image, the reflected double image is more conspicuous than the conventional image, thereby reducing the reflected double image. Therefore, more strict measures are necessary.
　本発明は、上記の点に鑑みてなされたものであり、背景とのコントラスト比が高く、かつ反射二重像を視認しにくいＨＵＤ像を得ることを目的とする。 The present invention has been made in view of the above points, and an object of the present invention is to obtain a HUD image that has a high contrast ratio with the background and is difficult to visually recognize a reflected double image.
　本合わせガラスは、車外側ガラス板と車内側ガラス板との間に中間膜が狭持されてなる合わせガラスであって、車内からの投影像を反射して情報を表示する表示領域を備え、前記表示領域の少なくとも一部に、前記中間膜に封入された調光素子層が配置され、前記調光素子層の車内側の面と前記車内側ガラス板の車内側の面との間に、前記合わせガラスを車両に取り付けたときの垂直方向の上端側の厚さが下端側よりも厚い断面視楔状の領域を備え、前記断面視楔状の領域の楔角が０ｍｒａｄよりも大きく０．８ｍｒａｄ以下であることを要件とする。 The laminated glass is a laminated glass in which an intermediate film is sandwiched between a vehicle outer side glass plate and a vehicle inner side glass plate, and includes a display area that reflects a projection image from the vehicle and displays information. A dimming element layer enclosed in the intermediate film is disposed in at least a part of the display area, and between the inner surface of the dimming element layer and the inner surface of the inner glass plate, When the laminated glass is attached to a vehicle, a vertical wedge-shaped region having a thickness on the upper end side in the vertical direction is thicker than that on the lower end side, and the wedge angle of the wedge-shaped region in the sectional view is greater than 0 mrad and less than 0.8 mrad It is a requirement that
　開示の技術によれば、背景とのコントラスト比が高く、かつ反射二重像を視認しにくいＨＵＤ像を得ることができる。 According to the disclosed technology, it is possible to obtain a HUD image that has a high contrast ratio with the background and that makes it difficult to visually recognize the reflected double image.
車両用のフロントガラスを例示する図である。It is a figure which illustrates the windshield for vehicles. 図１に示すフロントガラス２０をＸＺ方向に切ってＹ方向から視た部分断面図である。It is the fragmentary sectional view which cut the windshield 20 shown in FIG. 1 in the XZ direction, and was seen from the Y direction. 比較例及び実施例について説明する図である。It is a figure explaining a comparative example and an Example. 図１と同様の形状のフロントガラス２０ＡをＸＺ方向に切ってＹ方向から視た部分断面図である。FIG. 2 is a partial cross-sectional view of a windshield 20A having a shape similar to that of FIG.
　以下、図面を参照して発明を実施するための形態について説明する。各図面において、同一構成部分には同一符号を付し、重複した説明を省略する場合がある。なお、ここでは、車両用のフロントガラスを例にして説明するが、これには限定されず、本実施の形態に係る合わせガラスは、車両用のフロントガラス以外にも適用可能である。又、図では本発明の内容を理解しやすいように、大きさや形状を一部誇張している。 Hereinafter, embodiments for carrying out the invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In the drawings, the same components are denoted by the same reference numerals, and redundant description may be omitted. In addition, although demonstrated here using the windshield for vehicles as an example, it is not limited to this, The laminated glass which concerns on this Embodiment is applicable besides the windshield for vehicles. In the drawings, the size and shape are partly exaggerated so that the contents of the present invention can be easily understood.
　図１は、車両用のフロントガラスを例示する図であり、フロントガラスを車室内から車室外に視認した様子を模式的に示した図である。 FIG. 1 is a diagram exemplifying a windshield for a vehicle, and is a diagram schematically showing a state in which the windshield is visually recognized from the vehicle interior to the vehicle exterior.
　図１（ａ）に示すように、フロントガラス２０は、ＨＵＤで使用するＨＵＤ表示領域Ｒ１と、ＨＵＤで使用しないＨＵＤ表示外領域Ｒ２（透視領域）とを備えている。ＨＵＤ表示領域Ｒ１は、ＨＵＤを構成する鏡を回転させ、ＪＩＳ Ｒ３２１２のＶ１点から見た際に、ＨＵＤを構成する鏡からの光がフロントガラス２０に照射される範囲とする。又、本明細書において、透視領域とは可視光透過率Ｔｖが７０％以上である領域を指す。 As shown in FIG. 1 (a), the windshield 20 includes a HUD display area R 1 to be used in HUD, and a HUD-display region R 2 is not used (fluoroscopy region) with HUD. HUD display area R 1 rotates the mirror constituting the HUD, when viewed from the V1 point of JIS R3212, the range in which light from the mirror constituting the HUD is irradiated on the windshield 20. In the present specification, the fluoroscopic region refers to a region where the visible light transmittance Tv is 70% or more.
　ＨＵＤ表示領域Ｒ１は、例えば、フロントガラス２０の下方に位置しており、ＨＵＤ表示外領域Ｒ２はフロントガラス２０のＨＵＤ表示領域Ｒ１の周囲に位置している。図１（ａ）の例では、ＨＵＤ表示領域Ｒ１及びその近傍領域には調光素子層２５０が設けられている。 For example, the HUD display area R 1 is located below the windshield 20, and the HUD display outside area R 2 is located around the HUD display area R 1 of the windshield 20. In the example of FIG. 1 (a), HUD display area R 1 and light control device layer 250 in a region in the vicinity thereof are provided.
　ＨＵＤ表示領域は、例えば、図１（ｂ）に示すＨＵＤ表示領域Ｒ１１とＨＵＤ表示領域Ｒ１２のように、Ｚ方向の複数個所に分けて配置されてもよい。図１（ｂ）の例では、ＨＵＤ表示領域Ｒ１１及びその近傍領域には調光素子層２５０が設けられているが、ＨＵＤ表示領域Ｒ１２及びその近傍領域には調光素子層２５０は設けられていない。このように、調光素子層２５０はＨＵＤ表示領域の少なくとも一部に設けることができる。なお、ＨＵＤ表示領域は、Ｙ方向の複数個所に分けて配置されてもよい（図示せず）。 HUD display area, for example, as in the HUD display area R 11 and HUD display area R 12 shown in FIG. 1 (b), may be arranged separately in a plurality of locations in the Z direction. In the example of FIG. 1 (b), HUD display area R 11 and light control device layer 250 in a region in the vicinity thereof it is provided, HUD display area R 12 and light control device layer 250 in the vicinity area provided It is not done. Thus, the light control element layer 250 can be provided in at least a part of the HUD display area. The HUD display area may be divided into a plurality of locations in the Y direction (not shown).
　フロントガラス２０の周縁部に暗色の遮蔽層２９が存在することが好ましい。遮蔽層２９は、黒セラミック層であってもよい。黒セラミック層は黒セラ印刷用インクをガラス面に塗布し、これを焼き付けることにより形成できる。フロントガラス２０の周縁部に黒色不透明な遮蔽層２９が存在することにより、フロントガラス２０の周縁部を保持するウレタン等の樹脂が紫外線により劣化することを抑制できる。 It is preferable that a dark shielding layer 29 exists on the peripheral edge of the windshield 20. The shielding layer 29 may be a black ceramic layer. The black ceramic layer can be formed by applying black ceramic printing ink on a glass surface and baking it. The presence of the black opaque shielding layer 29 at the peripheral edge of the windshield 20 can suppress deterioration of the resin such as urethane that holds the peripheral edge of the windshield 20 due to ultraviolet rays.
　図２（ａ）は、図１（ａ）に示すフロントガラス２０をＸＺ方向に切ってＹ方向から視た部分断面図である。図２（ｂ）は、図１（ｂ）に示すフロントガラス２０をＸＺ方向に切ってＹ方向から視た部分断面図である。 FIG. 2 (a) is a partial cross-sectional view of the windshield 20 shown in FIG. 1 (a) cut in the XZ direction and viewed from the Y direction. FIG. 2B is a partial cross-sectional view of the windshield 20 shown in FIG. 1B cut in the XZ direction and viewed from the Y direction.
　図２（ａ）及び図２（ｂ）に示すように、フロントガラス２０は、車内側ガラス板であるガラス板２１０と、車外側ガラス板であるガラス板２２０と、中間膜２３０と、調光素子層２５０とを備えた車両用の合わせガラスである。フロントガラス２０において、ガラス板２１０とガラス板２２０とは、中間膜２３０を挟持した状態で固着されている。 As shown in FIG. 2A and FIG. 2B, the windshield 20 includes a glass plate 210 that is a vehicle inner side glass plate, a glass plate 220 that is a vehicle outer side glass plate, an intermediate film 230, and light control. A laminated glass for a vehicle including an element layer 250. In the windshield 20, the glass plate 210 and the glass plate 220 are fixed with the intermediate film 230 sandwiched therebetween.
　中間膜２３０は、複数層の中間膜から形成されている。図２（ａ）及び図２（ｂ）の例では、中間膜２３０が中間膜２３１、２３２、及び２３３の３層の中間膜から形成されているが、４層以上の中間膜から形成されてもよい。 The intermediate film 230 is formed of a plurality of intermediate films. In the example of FIG. 2A and FIG. 2B, the intermediate film 230 is formed of three layers of intermediate films 231, 232, and 233, but is formed of four or more layers of intermediate films. Also good.
　ＨＵＤ表示領域の少なくとも一部に、中間膜２３０に封入された調光素子層２５０が配置されている。中間膜２３１の車内側の面はガラス板２１０に接しており、中間膜２３１の車外側の面の一部が調光素子層２５０の車内側の面を被覆している。中間膜２３３の車外側の面はガラス板２２０に接しており、中間膜２３３の車内側の面の一部が調光素子層２５０の車外側の面を被覆している。すなわち、中間膜２３０は、調光素子層２５０よりも車内側に位置する中間膜２３１と、調光素子層２５０よりも車外側に位置する中間膜２３３とを含み、調光素子層２５０は中間膜２３１と中間膜２３３に挟持されている。 The light control element layer 250 enclosed in the intermediate film 230 is disposed in at least a part of the HUD display area. The inner surface of the intermediate film 231 is in contact with the glass plate 210, and a part of the outer surface of the intermediate film 231 covers the inner surface of the light control element layer 250. The outer surface of the intermediate film 233 is in contact with the glass plate 220, and a part of the inner surface of the intermediate film 233 covers the outer surface of the light control element layer 250. That is, the intermediate film 230 includes an intermediate film 231 located on the vehicle inner side than the dimming element layer 250 and an intermediate film 233 located on the vehicle outer side than the dimming element layer 250. The dimming element layer 250 is an intermediate film. It is sandwiched between the film 231 and the intermediate film 233.
　中間膜２３２は、調光素子層２５０の周囲に例えば平面視で額縁状に配置され、調光素子層２５０と共に中間膜２３１と中間膜２３３に挟持されている。中間膜２３２の厚さは、調光素子層２５０の層厚と同程度であることが望ましい。このように、調光素子層２５０の周囲に中間膜２３２を配置することにより、合わせガラス作製時のエア残りや、その後の中間膜の発泡を抑制できる。又、中間膜２３２は、調光素子層２５０の厚さによっては使用しないことも可能である。調光素子層２５０の厚さは、０．１ｍｍ以上０．５ｍｍ以下が好ましく、０．１５ｍｍ以上０．４ｍｍ以下がより好ましい。 The intermediate film 232 is disposed, for example, in a frame shape around the light control element layer 250 in a plan view, and is sandwiched between the intermediate film 231 and the intermediate film 233 together with the light control element layer 250. It is desirable that the thickness of the intermediate film 232 is approximately the same as the thickness of the light control element layer 250. As described above, by disposing the intermediate film 232 around the light control element layer 250, it is possible to suppress the remaining air during the production of the laminated glass and the subsequent foaming of the intermediate film. Further, the intermediate film 232 may not be used depending on the thickness of the light control element layer 250. The thickness of the light control element layer 250 is preferably 0.1 mm or more and 0.5 mm or less, and more preferably 0.15 mm or more and 0.4 mm or less.
　調光素子層２５０としては、例えば、懸濁粒子デバイス（Suspended Particle Device：ＳＰＤ）フィルムを用いることができる。ＳＰＤフィルムとしては、電圧の印加により配向可能な懸濁粒子を含有するポリマー層を、透明導電膜を内側にコートした２枚の電気絶縁性フィルムで挟み込むようにして構成された、一般的なＳＰＤフィルムが使用可能である。このような、ＳＰＤフィルムは、電源スイッチをオンにして透明導電膜間に電圧を印加することにより、ポリマー層中の懸濁粒子が配向することで可視光透過率が高く、透明性が高い状態になる。電源スイッチがオフの状態では、ポリマー層中の懸濁粒子が配向することがなく可視光透過率が低く、透明性が低い状態となる。 As the light control element layer 250, for example, a suspended particle device (SPD) film can be used. As an SPD film, a general SPD constructed by sandwiching a polymer layer containing suspended particles that can be oriented by applying a voltage between two electrically insulating films coated with a transparent conductive film on the inside. Film can be used. Such an SPD film has a high visible light transmittance and high transparency due to orientation of suspended particles in the polymer layer by applying a voltage between the transparent conductive films with the power switch turned on. become. When the power switch is off, the suspended particles in the polymer layer are not oriented, and the visible light transmittance is low and the transparency is low.
　ＳＰＤフィルムとしては、例えば、ＬＣＦ－１１０３ＤＨＡ（商品名、日立化成社製）、等の市販品を用いることができる。なお、このような市販品は、所定の大きさで供給されるため、所望の大きさに切断して使用する。なお、フロントガラス２０に用いるＳＰＤフィルムの厚さとしては、特に制限されないが、取り扱い性及び入手容易性の観点から０．２～０．４ｍｍが好ましい。 As the SPD film, for example, a commercially available product such as LCF-1103DHA (trade name, manufactured by Hitachi Chemical Co., Ltd.) can be used. In addition, since such a commercial item is supplied by the predetermined magnitude | size, it cuts and uses it for a desired magnitude | size. The thickness of the SPD film used for the windshield 20 is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.2 to 0.4 mm from the viewpoint of handleability and availability.
　ＳＰＤフィルムを用いることで、可視光透過率が高い状態と低い状態とを電気的に切り替えることができる。ＳＰＤフィルムの可視光透過率が低い状態で、ＳＰＤフィルムが存在するＨＵＤ表示領域にＨＵＤ像を投影することで、ＨＵＤ像と背景とのコントラスト比を向上できる。 By using the SPD film, it is possible to electrically switch between a state where the visible light transmittance is high and a state where the visible light transmittance is low. The contrast ratio between the HUD image and the background can be improved by projecting the HUD image onto the HUD display area where the SPD film is present in a state where the visible light transmittance of the SPD film is low.
　なお、調光素子層２５０として、ＳＰＤフィルムに代えて、高分子分散型液晶（ＰＤＬＣ）を用いた場合にも、ＨＵＤ像と背景とのコントラスト比を向上できる。ＰＤＬＣフィルムは、プレポリマー、ネマチック液晶、及びスペーサ材料を特定の比率で混合して作製し、その後２つの軟質透明導電性フィルムの間に配置できる。動作原理には、以下のものが含まれる。電界が印加されていない場合、液晶滴は、その配向子が自由に配向された状態でポリマー材料中にランダムに分布できる。このような場合、通常光に対する液晶の屈折率はポリマー材料のそれと一致せず、光に対して相対的に強い散乱効果を引き起こし、その結果ＰＤＬＣフィルムの外観は半透明又は不透明の「乳白色」となる。電界下では、液晶滴は、その正の誘電率異方特性のため、その配向子を外部電界の方向に沿って配列させることができる。通常光に対する液晶の屈折率がポリマー材料のそれと一致する場合、光はＰＤＬＣフィルムを通過でき、したがってＰＤＬＣフィルムは透明の外観を有することになる。具体的には、ＰＤＬＣフィルムに供給される電圧が高いほど、ＰＤＬＣフィルムはより透明となる。 It should be noted that the contrast ratio between the HUD image and the background can be improved also when a polymer dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) is used as the light control element layer 250 instead of the SPD film. A PDLC film can be made by mixing a prepolymer, a nematic liquid crystal, and a spacer material in a specific ratio, and then placed between two soft transparent conductive films. The operating principle includes the following. When no electric field is applied, the liquid crystal droplets can be randomly distributed in the polymer material with the directors freely aligned. In such a case, the refractive index of the liquid crystal for normal light does not match that of the polymer material, causing a relatively strong scattering effect for the light, so that the appearance of the PDLC film is translucent or opaque “milky white” Become. Under an electric field, the liquid crystal droplets can be aligned along the direction of the external electric field because of their positive dielectric anisotropy characteristics. If the refractive index of the liquid crystal for normal light matches that of the polymer material, the light can pass through the PDLC film and thus the PDLC film will have a transparent appearance. Specifically, the higher the voltage supplied to the PDLC film, the more transparent the PDLC film.
　又、調光素子層２５０として、高分子ネットワーク液晶（ＰＮＬＣ）、ゲストホスト液晶、フォトクロミック、エレクトロクロミック、エレクトロキネティックの何れかを用いた場合にも、ＨＵＤ像と背景とのコントラスト比を向上できる。 In addition, when any one of polymer network liquid crystal (PNLC), guest host liquid crystal, photochromic, electrochromic, and electrokinetic is used as the light control element layer 250, the contrast ratio between the HUD image and the background can be improved.
　フロントガラス２０には、調光素子層２５０への給電手段となる配線導体が設けられている。配線導体は、調光素子層２５０の電極と外部電源を接続するために、例えば、フロントガラス２０の下辺周縁部の遮蔽層２９に隠れるように配置される。 The front glass 20 is provided with a wiring conductor serving as a power feeding means to the light control element layer 250. In order to connect the electrode of the light control element layer 250 and an external power supply, the wiring conductor is disposed, for example, so as to be hidden by the shielding layer 29 on the peripheral edge of the lower side of the windshield 20.
　又、調光素子層２５０に印加する電圧を制御し、透明の状態で使用することもできる。透明の状態にすることで、ＨＵＤ像のコントラストは低下するが、調光素子層の配置されたエリアを通しても容易に外景を視認できるようになるため、運転者にとっての視野が広くなるという利点がある。これは、例えば夜間やトンネル内等の、周囲の明るさが暗く、ＨＵＤ像のコントラストが十分大きくなる時に特に有効である。運転者の快適性を更に向上させるために、外光の強度を感知するセンサーを設け、外光の強度に応じて調光素子層２５０に印加する電圧を自動で調整するという手段を取ることもできる。 In addition, the voltage applied to the light control element layer 250 can be controlled and used in a transparent state. By making it transparent, the contrast of the HUD image is lowered, but the outside scene can be easily seen through the area where the light control element layer is arranged, so that the field of view for the driver is widened. is there. This is particularly effective when the ambient brightness is dark and the contrast of the HUD image becomes sufficiently large, such as at night or in a tunnel. In order to further improve the comfort of the driver, a sensor that senses the intensity of outside light is provided, and a means for automatically adjusting the voltage applied to the light control element layer 250 according to the intensity of outside light may be taken. it can.
　フロントガラス２０において、車両の内側となるガラス板２１０の一方の面であるフロントガラス２０の内面２１と、車両の外側となるガラス板２２０の一方の面であるフロントガラス２０の外面２２とは、平面であっても湾曲面であっても構わない。 In the windshield 20, an inner surface 21 of the windshield 20 that is one surface of the glass plate 210 that is the inner side of the vehicle and an outer surface 22 of the windshield 20 that is one surface of the glass plate 220 that is the outer side of the vehicle are: It may be a flat surface or a curved surface.
　本実施の形態では、フロントガラス２０は、調光素子層２５０の車内側の面とガラス板２１０の車内側の面（内面２１）との間に、フロントガラス２０を車両に取り付けたときの垂直方向の上端側の厚さが下端側よりも厚い断面視楔状の領域を備えており、断面視楔状の領域の楔角はδである。 In the present embodiment, the windshield 20 is vertical when the windshield 20 is attached to the vehicle between the inner surface of the light control element layer 250 and the inner surface (inner surface 21) of the glass plate 210. A wedge-shaped region in section view is thicker at the upper end side in the direction than the lower end side, and the wedge angle of the wedge-shaped region in section view is δ.
　具体的には、本実施の形態では、調光素子層２５０よりも車内側に位置する中間膜２３１が断面視楔状に形成されており、ガラス板２１０及び２２０並びに中間膜２３２及び２３３の厚さは均一である。中間膜２３１の楔角がδｉであり、ガラス板２１０及び２２０並びに中間膜２３２及び２３３の厚さは均一であるから、中間膜２３１の楔角δｉは、フロントガラス２０の内面２１と外面２２とのなす楔角δ（合わせガラス全体の楔角）と等しい。中間膜２３１の下端側から上端側に至る厚さの増加は、増加の割合が一定である単調増加であってもよく、増加の割合が部分的に変化してもよい。 Specifically, in the present embodiment, the intermediate film 231 located inside the vehicle from the light control element layer 250 is formed in a wedge shape in cross section, and the thicknesses of the glass plates 210 and 220 and the intermediate films 232 and 233 are the same. Is uniform. Since the wedge angle of the intermediate film 231 is δi and the thicknesses of the glass plates 210 and 220 and the intermediate films 232 and 233 are uniform, the wedge angle δi of the intermediate film 231 is determined by the inner surface 21 and the outer surface 22 of the windshield 20. Is equal to the wedge angle δ (the wedge angle of the entire laminated glass). The increase in thickness from the lower end side to the upper end side of the intermediate film 231 may be a monotonous increase in which the rate of increase is constant, or the rate of increase may partially change.
　このように、フロントガラス２０の調光素子層２５０が封入された部分において、調光素子層２５０よりも車内側に位置する部分を断面視楔状に形成することにより、調光素子層２５０の可視光透過率が低い状態で、調光素子層２５０が存在するＨＵＤ表示領域にＨＵＤ像を投影する場合に、ＨＵＤ像と背景とのコントラスト比を向上できると共に、反射二重像を低減できる。 In this way, in the portion of the windshield 20 in which the light control element layer 250 is enclosed, the portion located inside the vehicle from the light control element layer 250 is formed in a wedge shape in cross section, so that the light control element layer 250 is visible. When a HUD image is projected on the HUD display area where the light control element layer 250 exists in a state where the light transmittance is low, the contrast ratio between the HUD image and the background can be improved and the reflected double image can be reduced.
　上記の楔角δは、フロントガラス２０を車両に取り付けたときの垂直方向に５ｍｍ毎に測定したフロントガラス２０の厚さから、ある点の前後３０ｍｍの範囲に存在する１３個のデータから最小二乗法で求めたフロントガラス２０の厚さの平均変化率とする。以降、ガラス板及び中間膜の楔角も上記のように定められる。なお、フロントガラス２０の下端側から上端側に至る厚さの増加は、増加の割合が一定である単調増加であってもよく、増加の割合が部分的に変化してもよい。 The above-mentioned wedge angle δ is a minimum of two values from 13 data existing in the range of 30 mm before and after a certain point from the thickness of the windshield 20 measured every 5 mm in the vertical direction when the windshield 20 is attached to the vehicle. The average change rate of the thickness of the windshield 20 obtained by multiplication is used. Thereafter, the wedge angles of the glass plate and the interlayer film are also determined as described above. The increase in thickness from the lower end side to the upper end side of the windshield 20 may be a monotonous increase in which the rate of increase is constant, or the rate of increase may partially change.
　ＨＵＤ表示領域の、中間膜２３０に調光素子層２５０が封入されている領域において、楔角δｉは、０ｍｒａｄよりも大きく０．８ｍｒａｄ以下であることが好ましい。楔角δｉを０ｍｒａｄよりも大きくすることで、反射二重像を抑制した上で透視二重像を十分に低減できる。これは、楔角０ｍｒａｄでは外面２２と内面２１が平行であるため、透視二重像が発生するが、楔角０ｍｒａｄよりも大きくすることで透視二重像が主像に近くなるため上記効果が得られる。又、楔角δｉを０．８ｍｒａｄ以下とすることで、主像と反射二重像の距離を小さくして主像と反射二重像とをほぼ重ならせ、反射二重像の色を見えなくすることで、ＨＵＤ像の色味を実際に近いものに制御できる。楔角δｉは、０ｍｒａｄよりも大きく０．６ｍｒａｄ以下であることがより好ましく、０ｍｒａｄよりも大きく０．４ｍｒａｄ以下であることが更に好ましい。上記範囲であれば、ＨＵＤ像の色味を更に実際に近いものに制御できるからである。又、楔角δｉが０．６ｍｒａｄ以下、又は０．４ｍｒａｄ以下であると、ＨＵＤ像の結像距離が長い場合でも上記効果を得やすい。楔角δｉは０．０５ｍｒａｄ以上であってもよく、０．１ｍｒａｄ以上であってもよい。 In the area of the HUD display area where the light control element layer 250 is sealed in the intermediate film 230, the wedge angle δi is preferably greater than 0 mrad and equal to or less than 0.8 mrad. By making the wedge angle δi larger than 0 mrad, it is possible to sufficiently reduce the perspective double image while suppressing the reflected double image. This is because when the wedge angle is 0 mrad, the outer surface 22 and the inner surface 21 are parallel, so a perspective double image is generated. However, when the wedge angle is larger than 0 mrad, the perspective double image becomes closer to the main image, and thus the above effect is obtained. can get. In addition, by setting the wedge angle δi to 0.8 mrad or less, the distance between the main image and the reflected double image is reduced so that the main image and the reflected double image are almost overlapped, and the color of the reflected double image can be seen. By eliminating it, the color of the HUD image can be controlled to be close to the actual one. The wedge angle δi is more preferably greater than 0 mrad and less than or equal to 0.6 mrad, and more preferably greater than 0 mrad and less than or equal to 0.4 mrad. This is because the color of the HUD image can be controlled to be closer to the actual color within the above range. Further, when the wedge angle δi is 0.6 mrad or less, or 0.4 mrad or less, the above effect can be easily obtained even when the imaging distance of the HUD image is long. The wedge angle δi may be 0.05 mrad or more, or 0.1 mrad or more.
　ＨＵＤ表示領域の、中間膜２３０に調光素子層２５０が封入されている領域において、フロントガラス２０の垂直方向の曲率は半径４０００ｍｍ以上であることが好ましく、半径５０００ｍｍ以上であることがより好ましい。又、調光素子層２５０が配置された領域において、フロントガラス２０の水平方向の曲率は半径１０００ｍｍ以上であることが好ましく、半径１２００ｍｍ以上であることがより好ましい。垂直方向及び水平方向の曲率が上記の範囲内であれば、調光素子層２５０に投影したＨＵＤ像の視点移動時の像の傾きや拡縮といった歪みを低減できる。 In the area where the light control element layer 250 is sealed in the intermediate film 230 in the HUD display area, the curvature of the windshield 20 in the vertical direction is preferably a radius of 4000 mm or more, and more preferably a radius of 5000 mm or more. Moreover, in the area | region where the light control element layer 250 is arrange | positioned, it is preferable that the curvature of the horizontal direction of the windshield 20 is 1000 mm or more in radius, and it is more preferable that it is 1200 mm or more in radius. If the curvatures in the vertical direction and the horizontal direction are within the above ranges, it is possible to reduce distortion such as image inclination and expansion / contraction when the viewpoint of the HUD image projected onto the light control element layer 250 is moved.
　ＨＵＤ表示領域の、中間膜２３０に調光素子層２５０が封入されていない領域において、ガラス板２１０の車内側の面（内面２１）とガラス板２２０の車外側の面（外面２２）との間に、フロントガラス２０を車両に取り付けたときの垂直方向の上端側の厚さが下端側よりも厚い断面視楔状の領域を備えていることが好ましい。これにより調光素子層２５０が封入されていない領域にＨＵＤ像を投影する場合に、主像と反射二重像の距離が小さくなり主像の視認性を向上する。 In a region where the dimming element layer 250 is not sealed in the intermediate film 230 in the HUD display region, the space between the inner surface (inner surface 21) of the glass plate 210 and the outer surface (outer surface 22) of the glass plate 220. In addition, it is preferable that a wedge-shaped region in cross-sectional view is provided in which the thickness of the upper end side in the vertical direction when the windshield 20 is attached to the vehicle is thicker than the lower end side. As a result, when a HUD image is projected onto a region where the light control element layer 250 is not enclosed, the distance between the main image and the reflected double image is reduced, and the visibility of the main image is improved.
　但し、この領域では調光素子層２５０によるコントラスト比の向上がなされていないため、楔角δｉの設定は、中間膜２３０に調光素子層２５０が封入されている領域ほど厳格でなくても良い。中間膜２３０に調光素子層２５０が封入されていない領域において、楔角δｉは、０ｍｒａｄよりも大きく１．０ｍｒａｄ以下であることが好ましい。楔角δｉがこの範囲であれば、主像の視認性を十分に向上できる。又、楔角δは、０ｍｒａｄよりも大きく１．０ｍｒａｄ以下であることが好ましく、０．２ｍｒａｄ以上０．９ｍｒａｄ以下であることがより好ましく、０．２ｍｒａｄ以上０．８ｍｒａｄ以下であることが更に好ましい。 However, since the contrast ratio is not improved by the light control element layer 250 in this region, the setting of the wedge angle δi may not be as strict as the region where the light control element layer 250 is sealed in the intermediate film 230. . In a region where the light control element layer 250 is not sealed in the intermediate film 230, the wedge angle δi is preferably greater than 0 mrad and equal to or less than 1.0 mrad. If the wedge angle δi is within this range, the visibility of the main image can be sufficiently improved. The wedge angle δ is preferably greater than 0 mrad and 1.0 mrad or less, more preferably 0.2 mrad or more and 0.9 mrad or less, and further preferably 0.2 mrad or more and 0.8 mrad or less. .
　なお、図２の例では中間膜２３１が断面視楔状に形成されているが、中間膜２３１とガラス板２１０の一方又は両方が断面視楔状に形成されていればよい。すなわち、中間膜２３１のみを楔角δｉの断面視楔状に形成してもよいし、ガラス板２１０のみを楔角δｉの断面視楔状に形成してもよい。或いは、中間膜２３１及びガラス板２１０を断面視楔状に形成し、中間膜２３１の楔角とガラス板２１０の楔角との合計を楔角δｉとしてもよい。更に、ＨＵＤ表示領域の、中間膜２３０に調光素子層２５０が封入されていない領域においては、中間膜２３２を断面視楔状に形成してもよいし、調光素子層２５０が封入されていない領域もしくは調光素子層２５０が封入されている領域で中間膜２３３を断面視楔状に形成してもよい。 In the example of FIG. 2, the intermediate film 231 is formed in a wedge shape in cross section, but one or both of the intermediate film 231 and the glass plate 210 may be formed in a wedge shape in cross section. That is, only the intermediate film 231 may be formed in a wedge shape in cross-sectional view with a wedge angle δi, or only the glass plate 210 may be formed in a wedge shape in cross-sectional view with a wedge angle δi. Alternatively, the intermediate film 231 and the glass plate 210 may be formed in a wedge shape in cross section, and the total of the wedge angle of the intermediate film 231 and the wedge angle of the glass plate 210 may be defined as the wedge angle δi. Further, in the HUD display region, in the region where the light control element layer 250 is not sealed in the intermediate film 230, the intermediate film 232 may be formed in a wedge shape in cross section, or the light control element layer 250 is not sealed. The intermediate film 233 may be formed in a wedge shape in cross section in a region or a region in which the light control element layer 250 is enclosed.
　ガラス板２１０を楔状に形成する場合には、フロート法によって製造する場合では、製造条件を工夫することで得られる。すなわち溶融金属上を進行するガラスリボンの幅方向の両端部に配置された複数のロールの周速度を調整することで、幅方向のガラス断面を凹形状や凸形状、或いはテーパー形状とし、任意の板厚変化を持つ箇所を切り出せばよい。ガラス板２１０の下端側から上端側に至る板厚の増加は、増加の割合が一定である単調増加であってもよく、増加の割合が部分的に変化してもよい。 When the glass plate 210 is formed in a wedge shape, when the glass plate 210 is manufactured by the float process, it can be obtained by devising the manufacturing conditions. That is, by adjusting the peripheral speed of a plurality of rolls arranged at both ends in the width direction of the glass ribbon traveling on the molten metal, the glass cross section in the width direction is made into a concave shape, a convex shape, or a tapered shape. What is necessary is just to cut out the part with plate thickness change. The increase in the plate thickness from the lower end side to the upper end side of the glass plate 210 may be a monotonous increase in which the rate of increase is constant, or the rate of increase may partially change.
　ガラス板２１０及び２２０としては、例えば、ソーダライムガラス、アルミノシリケート、有機ガラス等を用いることができる。ガラスがソーダライムガラスの場合は、ＨＵＤの反射二重像が視認しにくくなる点、また乗員の遮熱性の点から、ガラス板２１０及び２２０何れかが組成分中の全鉄量がＦｅ２Ｏ３換算で０．４質量％以上のグリーンガラスであることが好ましい。 As the glass plates 210 and 220, for example, soda lime glass, aluminosilicate, organic glass, or the like can be used. When the glass is soda lime glass, the double iron image of HUD becomes difficult to see, and from the viewpoint of the thermal insulation of the occupant, either of the glass plates 210 and 220 has a total iron content of Fe 2 O in the composition. It is preferably 0.4% by mass or more of green glass in terms of 3 .
　フロントガラス２０の外側に位置するガラス板２２０の板厚は、最薄部が１．８ｍｍ以上３ｍｍ以下であることが好ましい。ガラス板２２０の板厚が１．８ｍｍ以上であると、耐飛び石性能等の強度が十分であり、３ｍｍ以下であると、合わせガラスの質量が大きくなり過ぎず、車両の燃費の点で好ましい。ガラス板２２０の板厚は、最薄部が１．８ｍｍ以上２．８ｍｍ以下がより好ましく、１．８ｍｍ以上２．６ｍｍ以下が更に好ましい。 The thickness of the glass plate 220 located outside the windshield 20 is preferably 1.8 mm or more and 3 mm or less at the thinnest part. When the thickness of the glass plate 220 is 1.8 mm or more, strength such as stepping stone performance is sufficient, and when it is 3 mm or less, the mass of the laminated glass does not become too large, which is preferable in terms of vehicle fuel consumption. As for the plate | board thickness of the glass plate 220, 1.8 mm or more and 2.8 mm or less are more preferable in the thinnest part, and 1.8 mm or more and 2.6 mm or less are still more preferable.
　フロントガラス２０の内側に位置するガラス板２１０の板厚は、０．３ｍｍ以上２．３ｍｍ以下であることが好ましい。ガラス板２１０の板厚が０．３ｍｍ以上であることによりハンドリング性がよく、２．３ｍｍ以下であることによりフロントガラス２０の質量が大きくなり過ぎない。 It is preferable that the plate | board thickness of the glass plate 210 located inside the windshield 20 is 0.3 mm or more and 2.3 mm or less. When the plate thickness of the glass plate 210 is 0.3 mm or more, the handling property is good, and when it is 2.3 mm or less, the mass of the windshield 20 does not become too large.
　ガラス板２１０の板厚を０．３ｍｍ以上２．３ｍｍ以下とすることで、ガラス品質（例えば、残留応力）を維持できる。ガラス板２１０の板厚を０．３ｍｍ以上２．３ｍｍ以下とすることは、曲がりの深いガラスにおけるガラス品質（例えば、残留応力）の維持に特に有効である。ガラス板２１０の板厚は、０．５ｍｍ以上２．１ｍｍ以下がより好ましく、０．７ｍｍ以上１．９ｍｍ以下が更に好ましい。 The glass quality (for example, residual stress) can be maintained by setting the thickness of the glass plate 210 to 0.3 mm or more and 2.3 mm or less. Setting the thickness of the glass plate 210 to 0.3 mm or more and 2.3 mm or less is particularly effective in maintaining the glass quality (for example, residual stress) in deeply bent glass. The thickness of the glass plate 210 is more preferably from 0.5 mm to 2.1 mm, and still more preferably from 0.7 mm to 1.9 mm.
　フロントガラス２０が湾曲形状である場合、ガラス板２１０及び２２０は、フロート法による成形の後、中間膜２３０による接着前に、曲げ成形される。曲げ成形は、ガラスを加熱により軟化させて行われる。曲げ成形時のガラスの加熱温度は、大凡５５０℃～７００℃である。 When the windshield 20 has a curved shape, the glass plates 210 and 220 are bent after being formed by the float method and before being bonded by the intermediate film 230. Bending is performed by softening the glass by heating. The glass heating temperature during bending is approximately 550 ° C. to 700 ° C.
　図２の説明に戻り、ガラス板２１０とガラス板２２０とを接着する中間膜２３０（中間膜２３１、２３２、及び２３３）としては熱可塑性樹脂がよく、例えば、可塑化ポリビニルアセタール系樹脂、可塑化ポリ塩化ビニル系樹脂、飽和ポリエステル系樹脂、可塑化飽和ポリエステル系樹脂、ポリウレタン系樹脂、可塑化ポリウレタン系樹脂、エチレン－酢酸ビニル共重合体系樹脂、エチレン－エチルアクリレート共重合体系樹脂等の従来からこの種の用途に用いられている熱可塑性樹脂が挙げられる。又、特許第６０６５２２１号に記載されている変性ブロック共重合体水素化物を含有する樹脂組成物も好適に使用できる。 Returning to the description of FIG. 2, the intermediate film 230 ( intermediate films 231, 232, and 233) that bonds the glass plate 210 and the glass plate 220 is preferably a thermoplastic resin, such as a plasticized polyvinyl acetal resin or plasticized Conventionally, such as polyvinyl chloride resin, saturated polyester resin, plasticized saturated polyester resin, polyurethane resin, plasticized polyurethane resin, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer resin, ethylene-ethyl acrylate copolymer resin, etc. The thermoplastic resin currently used for the kind of use is mentioned. Moreover, the resin composition containing the modified block copolymer hydride described in the patent 6065221 can also be used conveniently.
　これらの中でも、透明性、耐候性、強度、接着力、耐貫通性、衝撃エネルギー吸収性、耐湿性、遮熱性、及び遮音性等の諸性能のバランスに優れることから、可塑化ポリビニルアセタール系樹脂が好適に用いられる。これらの熱可塑性樹脂は、単独で用いてもよいし、２種類以上を併用してもよい。上記可塑化ポリビニルアセタール系樹脂における「可塑化」とは、可塑剤の添加により可塑化されていることを意味する。その他の可塑化樹脂についても同様である。 Among these, a plasticized polyvinyl acetal resin is excellent in balance of various properties such as transparency, weather resistance, strength, adhesive strength, penetration resistance, impact energy absorption, moisture resistance, heat insulation, and sound insulation. Are preferably used. These thermoplastic resins may be used alone or in combination of two or more. “Plasticization” in the plasticized polyvinyl acetal resin means that it is plasticized by adding a plasticizer. The same applies to other plasticized resins.
　但し、調光素子層の種類によっては特定の可塑剤により劣化することがあり、その場合には、その可塑剤を実質的に含有していない樹脂を用いることが好ましい。可塑剤を含有していない樹脂としては、例えば、エチレン－酢酸ビニル共重合体系樹脂等が挙げられる。 However, depending on the type of the light control element layer, it may be deteriorated by a specific plasticizer. In this case, it is preferable to use a resin that does not substantially contain the plasticizer. Examples of the resin not containing a plasticizer include ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer resin.
　上記ポリビニルアセタール系樹脂としては、ポリビニルアルコール（以下、必要に応じて「ＰＶＡ」と言うこともある）とホルムアルデヒドとを反応させて得られるポリビニルホルマール樹脂、ＰＶＡとアセトアルデヒドとを反応させて得られる狭義のポリビニルアセタール系樹脂、ＰＶＡとｎ－ブチルアルデヒドとを反応させて得られるポリビニルブチラール樹脂（以下、必要に応じて「ＰＶＢ」と言うこともある）等が挙げられ、特に、透明性、耐候性、強度、接着力、耐貫通性、衝撃エネルギー吸収性、耐湿性、遮熱性、及び遮音性等の諸性能のバランスに優れることから、ＰＶＢが好適なものとして挙げられる。なお、これらのポリビニルアセタール系樹脂は、単独で用いてもよいし、２種類以上を併用してもよい。但し、中間膜２３０を形成する材料は、熱可塑性樹脂には限定されない。 The polyvinyl acetal-based resin is a polyvinyl formal resin obtained by reacting polyvinyl alcohol (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “PVA” if necessary) and formaldehyde, and a narrow meaning obtained by reacting PVA and acetaldehyde. Polyvinyl acetal resin, polyvinyl butyral resin obtained by reacting PVA with n-butyraldehyde (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “PVB” if necessary), and the like. PVB is preferred because of its excellent balance of various properties such as strength, adhesive strength, penetration resistance, impact energy absorption, moisture resistance, heat insulation, and sound insulation. These polyvinyl acetal resins may be used alone or in combination of two or more. However, the material for forming the intermediate film 230 is not limited to the thermoplastic resin.
　中間膜２３０の厚さは、合計の厚さで最薄部で０．５ｍｍ以上であることが好ましい。中間膜２３０の厚さが０．５ｍｍ以上であるとフロントガラスとして必要な耐貫通性が十分となる。又、中間膜２３０の厚さは、合計の厚さで最厚部で３ｍｍ以下であることが好ましい。中間膜２３０の厚さの最大値が３ｍｍ以下であると、合わせガラスの質量が大きくなり過ぎない。中間膜２３０の厚さの最大値は２．８ｍｍ以下がより好ましく、２．６ｍｍ以下が更に好ましい。 The thickness of the intermediate film 230 is preferably 0.5 mm or more at the thinnest part in total thickness. When the thickness of the intermediate film 230 is 0.5 mm or more, the penetration resistance necessary for the windshield is sufficient. The thickness of the intermediate film 230 is preferably 3 mm or less at the thickest portion in total thickness. When the maximum thickness of the intermediate film 230 is 3 mm or less, the mass of the laminated glass does not become too large. The maximum value of the thickness of the intermediate film 230 is more preferably 2.8 mm or less, and even more preferably 2.6 mm or less.
　なお、中間膜２３０は、中間膜２３１、中間膜２３２、中間膜２３３の何れか１つ以上が３層以上の層を有していてもよい。例えば、中間膜を３層から構成し、真ん中の層の硬度を可塑剤の調整等により両側の層の硬度よりも低くすることにより、合わせガラスの遮音性を向上できる。この場合、両側の層の硬度は同じでもよいし、異なってもよい。 Note that in the intermediate film 230, one or more of the intermediate film 231, the intermediate film 232, and the intermediate film 233 may include three or more layers. For example, the sound insulation of the laminated glass can be improved by forming the intermediate film from three layers and making the hardness of the middle layer lower than the hardness of the layers on both sides by adjusting the plasticizer or the like. In this case, the hardness of the layers on both sides may be the same or different.
　通常、ＨＵＤの光源は車室内下方に位置し、そこから合わせガラスに向かって投影される。投影像はガラス板２１０及び２２０の裏面と表面で反射されるため、二重像が発生しないように両反射像を重ね合わせるためには、ガラス板の板厚は投影方向に対して平行に変化することが必要である。ガラス板２１０及び２２０がフロートガラスの場合には、ガラス板製造時の流れ方向に平行に筋目を有する。ガラス板２２０が筋目と直交する方向に板厚が変化している場合、情報が投影されるガラスとして用いられるためには、筋目方向が投影方向と直交、すなわち筋目が車室内観察者（運転者）の視線と水平方向となり、透視歪により視認性が悪化する方向で使用しなければならない。 Usually, the light source of the HUD is located below the passenger compartment and projected from there to the laminated glass. Since the projected images are reflected by the back and front surfaces of the glass plates 210 and 220, the thickness of the glass plate changes in parallel to the projection direction in order to overlap the two reflected images so that a double image is not generated. It is necessary to. When the glass plates 210 and 220 are float glass, they have streaks parallel to the flow direction when the glass plate is manufactured. When the thickness of the glass plate 220 changes in a direction perpendicular to the streak, the streak direction is perpendicular to the projection direction, that is, the streak is a vehicle interior observer (driver). ) And the horizontal direction, and must be used in a direction in which visibility deteriorates due to perspective distortion.
　視認性を改善するために、ガラス板２１０、ガラス板２２０、中間膜２３０を用いて作製された合わせガラスは、ガラス板２１０の筋目とガラス板２２０の筋目とが直交するように配置されることが好ましい。この配置によりガラス板２１０単独では悪化した歪が、筋目が直交するガラス板２２０、並びにガラス板２１０とガラス板２２０を接着する中間膜２３０の存在によって緩和される。 In order to improve the visibility, the laminated glass produced using the glass plate 210, the glass plate 220, and the intermediate film 230 should be arranged so that the lines of the glass plate 210 and the lines of the glass plate 220 are orthogonal to each other. Is preferred. With this arrangement, the distortion that is worsened by the glass plate 210 alone is alleviated by the presence of the glass plate 220 having straight lines and the intermediate film 230 that bonds the glass plate 210 and the glass plate 220 together.
　中間膜２３１、２３２、及び２３３を作製するには、例えば、各中間膜となる上記の樹脂材料を適宜選択し、押出機を用い、加熱溶融状態で押し出し成形する。押出機の押出速度等の押出条件は均一となるように設定する。その後、押し出し成形された樹脂膜を、フロントガラス２０のデザインに合わせて、上辺及び下辺に曲率を持たせるために、例えば必要に応じ伸展することで、中間膜２３１、２３２、及び２３３が完成する。 In order to produce the intermediate films 231, 232, and 233, for example, the above-mentioned resin material that becomes each of the intermediate films is appropriately selected, and extrusion molding is performed in a heated and melted state using an extruder. The extrusion conditions such as the extrusion speed of the extruder are set to be uniform. Thereafter, the extruded films are stretched as necessary, for example, in order to give curvature to the upper and lower sides in accordance with the design of the windshield 20, thereby completing the intermediate films 231, 232, and 233. .
　合わせガラスを作製するには、ガラス板２１０とガラス板２２０との間に中間膜２３１、調光素子層２５０及び中間膜２３２、中間膜２３３を挟んで積層体とする。中間膜２３２は、調光素子層２５０の周囲に配置する。例えば、この積層体をゴム袋の中に入れ、－６５～－１００ｋＰａの真空中で温度約７０～１１０℃で接着する。 In order to produce a laminated glass, a laminated body is formed by sandwiching the intermediate film 231, the light control element layer 250, the intermediate film 232, and the intermediate film 233 between the glass plate 210 and the glass plate 220. The intermediate film 232 is disposed around the light control element layer 250. For example, the laminate is put in a rubber bag and bonded at a temperature of about 70 to 110 ° C. in a vacuum of −65 to −100 kPa.
　更に、例えば１００～１５０℃、圧力０．６～１．３ＭＰａの条件で加熱加圧する圧着処理を行うことで、より耐久性の優れた合わせガラスを得ることができる。但し、場合によっては工程の簡略化、並びに合わせガラス中に封入する材料の特性を考慮して、この加熱加圧工程を使用しない場合もある。 Furthermore, for example, a laminated glass having higher durability can be obtained by performing a pressure-bonding treatment by heating and pressing under conditions of 100 to 150 ° C. and a pressure of 0.6 to 1.3 MPa. However, in some cases, the heating and pressing step may not be used in consideration of simplification of the process and the characteristics of the material to be enclosed in the laminated glass.
　なお、ガラス板２１０とガラス板２２０との間に、中間膜２３０及び調光素子層２５０の他に、赤外線反射、紫外線遮蔽、発光、発電、調光、可視光反射、散乱、加飾、吸収、発熱、アンテナ等の機能を持つフィルムやデバイスを有していてもよい。又、フロントガラス２０の車内側面に上記機能を持つフィルムやデバイスを有していてもよい。ガラス板２１０もしくはガラス板２２０にコーティングが施されていてもよい。 In addition to the intermediate film 230 and the light control element layer 250, between the glass plate 210 and the glass plate 220, infrared reflection, ultraviolet shielding, light emission, power generation, light control, visible light reflection, scattering, decoration, absorption A film or a device having functions such as heat generation and an antenna may be included. Moreover, you may have the film and device which have the said function in the vehicle inner surface of the windshield 20. FIG. The glass plate 210 or the glass plate 220 may be coated.
　［実施例、比較例、参考例］
　図３に示すように、ガラス板２１０及び２２０を準備（サイズ：３００ｍｍ×３００ｍｍ×板厚２ｍｍ、板厚は均一）し、中間膜２３０を挟んで比較例１～４、参考例１～３、並びに実施例１～６の合わせガラスを作製した。なお、ここでは、一例として、調光素子層２５０としてＳＰＤフィルムを用いた。グリーンガラスとしてはＡＧＣ社製　通称ＶＦＬを用いた。クリアガラスとしてはＡＧＣ社製　通称ＦＬを用いた。中間膜としては東ソーニッケミ社製　商品名メルセンＧ７０６０を用いた。ＳＰＤフィルムとしては日立化成社製　商品名ＬＣＦ－１１０３ＤＨＡ（厚さ０．３５ｍｍ）を用いた。 [Examples, comparative examples, reference examples]
As shown in FIG. 3, glass plates 210 and 220 are prepared (size: 300 mm × 300 mm × plate thickness 2 mm, plate thickness is uniform), and Comparative Examples 1 to 4, Reference Examples 1 to 3, In addition, laminated glasses of Examples 1 to 6 were produced. Here, as an example, an SPD film is used as the light control element layer 250. As the green glass, a generic name VFL manufactured by AGC was used. As clear glass, AGC's common name FL was used. The product name Mersen G7060 manufactured by Tosoh Nickemi Co., Ltd. was used as the intermediate film. As the SPD film, trade name LCF-1103DHA (thickness 0.35 mm) manufactured by Hitachi Chemical Co., Ltd. was used.
　比較例１の合わせガラスは、車内側及び車外側のガラス板にグリーンガラスを用い、断面視楔状の領域を有しておらず、中間膜２３０にＳＰＤフィルムは封入されていない。比較例２の合わせガラスは、車内側及び車外側のガラス板にグリーンガラスを用い、断面視楔状の領域を有しているが（楔角０．３ｍｒａｄ）、中間膜２３０にＳＰＤフィルムは封入されていない。比較例３の合わせガラスは、車内側及び車外側のガラス板にグリーンガラスを用い、断面視楔状の領域を有していないが、中間膜２３０にＳＰＤフィルムが封入されている。比較例４の合わせガラスは、車内側及び車外側のガラス板にグリーンガラスを用い、断面視楔状の領域を有しており（楔角１．０ｍｒａｄ）、中間膜２３０にＳＰＤフィルムが封入されている。 The laminated glass of Comparative Example 1 uses green glass for the glass plates on the inside and outside of the vehicle, does not have a wedge-shaped region in cross section, and the SPD film is not sealed in the intermediate film 230. The laminated glass of Comparative Example 2 uses green glass for the vehicle inner and outer glass plates and has a wedge-shaped region in cross section (wedge angle 0.3 mrad), but the SPD film is enclosed in the intermediate film 230. Not. The laminated glass of Comparative Example 3 uses green glass for the glass plates on the vehicle inner side and the vehicle outer side and does not have a wedge-shaped region in cross section, but an SPD film is enclosed in the intermediate film 230. The laminated glass of Comparative Example 4 uses green glass for the inner and outer glass plates, has a wedge-shaped region in cross section (wedge angle 1.0 mrad), and an SPD film is sealed in the intermediate film 230. Yes.
　実施例１の合わせガラスは、車内側及び車外側のガラス板にグリーンガラスを用い、断面視楔状の領域を有しており（楔角０．８ｍｒａｄ）、中間膜２３０にＳＰＤフィルムが封入されている。実施例２の合わせガラスは、車内側及び車外側のガラス板にグリーンガラスを用い、断面視楔状の領域を有しており（楔角０．６ｍｒａｄ）、中間膜２３０にＳＰＤフィルムが封入されている。実施例３の合わせガラスは、車内側及び車外側のガラス板にグリーンガラスを用い、断面視楔状の領域を有しており（楔角０．４ｍｒａｄ）、中間膜２３０にＳＰＤフィルムが封入されている。実施例４の合わせガラスは、車内側及び車外側のガラス板にクリアガラスを用い、断面視楔状の領域を有しており（楔角０．４ｍｒａｄ）、中間膜２３０にＳＰＤフィルムが封入されている。 The laminated glass of Example 1 uses green glass for the glass plates on the vehicle inner side and the vehicle outer side, has a wedge-shaped region in cross section (wedge angle 0.8 mrad), and an SPD film is sealed in the intermediate film 230. Yes. The laminated glass of Example 2 uses green glass for the glass plates on the vehicle inner side and the vehicle outer side, has a wedge-shaped region in cross section (wedge angle 0.6 mrad), and an SPD film is sealed in the intermediate film 230. Yes. The laminated glass of Example 3 uses green glass for the glass plates on the vehicle inner side and the vehicle outer side, has a wedge-shaped region in sectional view (wedge angle 0.4 mrad), and an SPD film is sealed in the intermediate film 230. Yes. The laminated glass of Example 4 uses clear glass for the vehicle inner and outer glass plates, has a wedge-shaped region in cross section (wedge angle 0.4 mrad), and an SPD film is sealed in the intermediate film 230. Yes.
　実施例５及び６の合わせガラスは、実施例１の合わせガラスと同様に、車内側及び車外側のガラス板にグリーンガラスを用い、断面視楔状の領域を有しており（楔角０．８ｍｒａｄ）、中間膜２３０にＳＰＤフィルムが封入されている。但し、実施例５及び６では、可視光透過率Ｔｖが像のコントラスト等に与える影響を確認するために、ＳＰＤフィルムに印加する電圧を実施例１とは異なる値とし、実施例１よりも可視光透過率Ｔｖを上げている。 Similar to the laminated glass of Example 1, the laminated glass of Examples 5 and 6 uses green glass for the glass plates on the inside and outside of the vehicle, and has a wedge-shaped region in sectional view (wedge angle 0.8 mrad). ), An SPD film is enclosed in the intermediate film 230. However, in Examples 5 and 6, the voltage applied to the SPD film was set to a value different from that in Example 1 in order to confirm the influence of the visible light transmittance Tv on the image contrast and the like. The light transmittance Tv is increased.
　参考例１～３の合わせガラスは、実施例１の合わせガラスと同様に、車内側及び車外側のガラス板にグリーンガラスを用い、断面視楔状の領域を有しており（楔角０．８ｍｒａｄ）、中間膜２３０にＳＰＤフィルムが封入されている。但し、参考例１～３では、可視光透過率Ｔｖが像のコントラスト等に与える影響を確認するために、ＳＰＤフィルムに印加する電圧を実施例５及び６とは異なる値とし、実施例５及び６よりも可視光透過率Ｔｖを更に上げている。 Similar to the laminated glass of Example 1, the laminated glass of Reference Examples 1 to 3 uses green glass for the glass plates on the inside and outside of the vehicle, and has a wedge-shaped region in cross section (wedge angle 0.8 mrad). ), An SPD film is enclosed in the intermediate film 230. However, in Reference Examples 1 to 3, in order to confirm the influence of the visible light transmittance Tv on the image contrast and the like, the voltage applied to the SPD film was set to a value different from those in Examples 5 and 6, and Example 5 and The visible light transmittance Tv is further increased than 6.
　なお、比較例２及び４、参考例１～３、並びに実施例１～６において、断面視楔状の領域は、何れもＳＰＤフィルムの車内側の面と車内側ガラス板の車内側の面との間に設けた。 In Comparative Examples 2 and 4, Reference Examples 1 to 3, and Examples 1 to 6, the wedge-shaped regions in cross-section are all between the vehicle inner surface of the SPD film and the vehicle inner surface of the vehicle inner glass plate. Provided in between.
　比較例１～４、参考例１～３、並びに実施例１～６において、ＨＵＤ像を投影するプロジェクターからの光を合わせガラスに下方から入射角６０度で入射し、所定波長（４３６ｎｍ、５４６ｎｍ、７００ｎｍ）における反射率の差、反射二重像の色、主像と反射二重像の距離、像のコントラスト比、ＪＩＳ　Ｒ　３１０６：１９９８に準拠した可視光透過率Ｔｖを評価し、図３にまとめた。ＳＰＤフィルムが封入された合わせガラスでは、ＳＰＤフィルムを可視光透過率が低い状態にして評価を行った。所定波長（４３６ｎｍ、５４６ｎｍ、７００ｎｍ）は、ＣＩＥが定めるＲＧＢ表色系の赤緑青に対応する波長であり、これらに対応する反射率の差が大きいと反射像の色味変化が大きく視認される。 In Comparative Examples 1 to 4, Reference Examples 1 to 3, and Examples 1 to 6, the light from the projector that projects the HUD image is incident on the laminated glass from below with an incident angle of 60 degrees, and a predetermined wavelength (436 nm, 546 nm, 700 nm), the difference in reflectance, the color of the reflected double image, the distance between the main image and the reflected double image, the contrast ratio of the image, the visible light transmittance Tv in accordance with JIS R 3106: 1998, and FIG. Summarized. In the laminated glass in which the SPD film was encapsulated, the SPD film was evaluated with a low visible light transmittance. The predetermined wavelengths (436 nm, 546 nm, and 700 nm) are wavelengths corresponding to red, green, and blue in the RGB color system defined by CIE, and if the difference in reflectance corresponding to these is large, the color change of the reflected image is visually recognized. .
　なお、比較例１及び２における各評価は、ＨＵＤ表示領域にＨＵＤ像を投影し、目視で視認性に対する不快感を感じるか否かにより行い、不快感を感じない場合を『◎』、不快感を感じる場合を『×』とした。又、比較例３及び４、参考例１～３、並びに実施例１～６における各評価は、調光素子層２５０の可視光透過率が低い状態で、調光素子層２５０が存在するＨＵＤ表示領域にＨＵＤ像を投影し、目視で視認性に対する不快感を感じるか否かにより行い、反射二重像の色、主像と反射二重像の距離について不快感を感じない場合を『〇』、不快感を感じる場合を『×』とし、像のコントラスト比について不快感を感じない場合を「◎」、やや不快感を感じるが問題がないレベルを「○」、不快感を感じる場合を「×」とした。 In addition, each evaluation in Comparative Examples 1 and 2 is performed by projecting a HUD image on the HUD display area and determining whether or not the user feels uncomfortable with the naked eye. The case where the user feels “x”. Further, in each of Comparative Examples 3 and 4, Reference Examples 1 to 3, and Examples 1 to 6, the HUD display in which the light control element layer 250 exists in a state where the visible light transmittance of the light control element layer 250 is low. A case where a HUD image is projected on the area and it is judged whether or not the user feels uncomfortable with the naked eye, and the case where the user feels no discomfort about the color of the reflected double image and the distance between the main image and the reflected double image. If you feel uncomfortable, select `` X '', if you do not feel uncomfortable about the contrast ratio of the image `` ◎ '', if you feel somewhat uncomfortable but there is no problem `` ○ '', if you feel uncomfortable × ”.
　図３に示すように、比較例１の合わせガラスは、断面視楔状の領域を有していないため、主像と反射二重像の距離が大きく、反射二重像が目立った。又、比較例１の合わせガラスは、中間膜２３０にＳＰＤフィルムが封入されていないため、反射二重像の色と主像の色は同じであるが、像のコントラストが悪かった。 As shown in FIG. 3, the laminated glass of Comparative Example 1 does not have a wedge-shaped region in cross section, and therefore the distance between the main image and the reflected double image is large, and the reflected double image is conspicuous. In the laminated glass of Comparative Example 1, since the SPD film was not sealed in the intermediate film 230, the color of the reflected double image and the color of the main image were the same, but the image contrast was poor.
　比較例２の合わせガラスは、断面視楔状の領域を有しているため、主像と反射二重像の距離が小さく、反射二重像は目立たなかった。又、比較例２の合わせガラスは、中間膜２３０にＳＰＤフィルムが封入されていないため、反射二重像の色と主像の色は同じであるが、像のコントラストが悪かった。 Since the laminated glass of Comparative Example 2 has a wedge-shaped region in cross section, the distance between the main image and the reflected double image is small, and the reflected double image is not conspicuous. In the laminated glass of Comparative Example 2, since the SPD film was not sealed in the intermediate film 230, the color of the reflected double image and the color of the main image were the same, but the image contrast was poor.
　比較例３の合わせガラスは、断面視楔状の領域を有していないため、主像と反射二重像の距離が大きく、反射二重像が目立った。又、比較例３の合わせガラスは、中間膜２３０にＳＰＤフィルムが封入されているため、像のコントラストは良好であったが反射二重像の色が青っぽく目立って視認性が悪かった。 Since the laminated glass of Comparative Example 3 does not have a wedge-shaped region in cross section, the distance between the main image and the reflected double image is large, and the reflected double image is conspicuous. In the laminated glass of Comparative Example 3, since the SPD film was sealed in the intermediate film 230, the contrast of the image was good, but the color of the reflected double image was conspicuous and the visibility was poor.
　比較例４の合わせガラスは、断面視楔状の領域を有しているが、主像と反射二重像の距離が大きく、反射二重像が目立った。これは、楔角が大きい（１．０ｍｒａｄ）ために主像と反射二重像の距離を十分に制御できていないためと考えられる。又、比較例４の合わせガラスは、中間膜２３０にＳＰＤフィルムが封入されているため、像のコントラストは良好であったが反射二重像の色が青っぽく目立って視認性が悪かった。 The laminated glass of Comparative Example 4 has a wedge-shaped region in cross section, but the distance between the main image and the reflected double image is large, and the reflected double image is conspicuous. This is considered to be because the distance between the main image and the reflected double image cannot be sufficiently controlled because the wedge angle is large (1.0 mrad). In the laminated glass of Comparative Example 4, since the SPD film was enclosed in the intermediate film 230, the image contrast was good, but the color of the reflected double image was conspicuous and the visibility was poor.
　これに対して、実施例１の合わせガラスは、断面視楔状の領域を有しているため、主像と反射二重像の距離が小さく、反射二重像は目立たなかった。比較例４のように楔角が１．０ｍｒａｄでは主像と反射二重像の距離を十分に制御できないが、楔角が０．８ｍｒａｄでは主像と反射二重像の距離を十分に制御できることが確認された。又、実施例１の合わせガラスは、中間膜２３０にＳＰＤフィルムが封入されているため、像のコントラストは良好であった。反射二重像の距離が小さく、主像と反射二重像とがほぼ重なっているため、反射二重像の色は見えず、主像の視認性は良好であった。 On the other hand, since the laminated glass of Example 1 has a wedge-shaped region in cross section, the distance between the main image and the reflected double image is small, and the reflected double image is not conspicuous. The distance between the main image and the reflected double image cannot be sufficiently controlled when the wedge angle is 1.0 mrad as in Comparative Example 4, but the distance between the main image and the reflected double image can be sufficiently controlled when the wedge angle is 0.8 mrad. Was confirmed. In addition, the laminated glass of Example 1 had good image contrast because the SPD film was sealed in the intermediate film 230. Since the distance between the reflected double images was small and the main image and the reflected double image almost overlapped, the color of the reflected double image was not visible, and the visibility of the main image was good.
　実施例２の合わせガラスは、断面視楔状の領域を有しているため、主像と反射二重像の距離が小さく、反射二重像は目立たなかった。楔角が０．６ｍｒａｄでは主像と反射二重像の距離を十分に制御できることが確認された。又、実施例２の合わせガラスは、中間膜２３０にＳＰＤフィルムが封入されているため、像のコントラストは良好であった。反射二重像の距離が小さく、主像と反射二重像とがほぼ重なっているため、反射二重像の色は見えず、主像の視認性は良好であった。 Since the laminated glass of Example 2 has a wedge-shaped region in cross section, the distance between the main image and the reflected double image is small, and the reflected double image is not conspicuous. It was confirmed that the distance between the main image and the reflected double image can be sufficiently controlled when the wedge angle is 0.6 mrad. Further, in the laminated glass of Example 2, since the SPD film was sealed in the intermediate film 230, the contrast of the image was good. Since the distance between the reflected double images was small and the main image and the reflected double image almost overlapped, the color of the reflected double image was not visible, and the visibility of the main image was good.
　実施例３の合わせガラスは、断面視楔状の領域を有しているため、主像と反射二重像の距離が小さく、反射二重像は目立たなかった。楔角が０．４ｍｒａｄでは主像と反射二重像の距離を十分に制御できることが確認された。又、実施例３の合わせガラスは、中間膜２３０にＳＰＤフィルムが封入されているため、像のコントラストは良好であった。反射二重像の距離が小さく、主像と反射二重像とがほぼ重なっているため、反射二重像の色は見えず、主像の視認性は良好であった。 Since the laminated glass of Example 3 has a wedge-shaped region in cross section, the distance between the main image and the reflected double image is small, and the reflected double image is not conspicuous. It was confirmed that the distance between the main image and the reflected double image can be sufficiently controlled when the wedge angle is 0.4 mrad. Further, in the laminated glass of Example 3, since the SPD film was sealed in the intermediate film 230, the contrast of the image was good. Since the distance between the reflected double images was small and the main image and the reflected double image almost overlapped, the color of the reflected double image was not visible, and the visibility of the main image was good.
　実施例４の合わせガラスは、断面視楔状の領域を有しているため、主像と反射二重像の距離が小さく、反射二重像は目立たなかった。楔角が０．４ｍｒａｄでは主像と反射二重像の距離を十分に制御できることが確認された。又、実施例４の合わせガラスは、中間膜２３０にＳＰＤフィルムが封入されているため、像のコントラストは良好であった。反射二重像の距離が小さく、主像と反射二重像とがほぼ重なっているため、反射二重像の色は見えず、主像の視認性は良好であった。実施例３との相違点は車内側及び車外側のガラス板にクリアガラスを用いた点であるが、所定波長における反射率の差が変化するものの、全体としては車内側及び車外側のガラス板にグリーンガラスを用いた場合と有意差はないといえる。 Since the laminated glass of Example 4 has a wedge-shaped region in cross section, the distance between the main image and the reflected double image is small, and the reflected double image is not conspicuous. It was confirmed that the distance between the main image and the reflected double image can be sufficiently controlled when the wedge angle is 0.4 mrad. Further, in the laminated glass of Example 4, since the SPD film was sealed in the intermediate film 230, the contrast of the image was good. Since the distance between the reflected double images was small and the main image and the reflected double image almost overlapped, the color of the reflected double image was not visible, and the visibility of the main image was good. The difference from Example 3 is that clear glass is used for the glass plates on the inside and outside of the vehicle, but the difference in reflectance at a predetermined wavelength changes, but the glass plates on the inside and outside of the vehicle as a whole. It can be said that there is no significant difference from the case of using green glass.
　なお、実施例１～６において、ＳＰＤフィルムが可視光透過率が低い状態において、波長４３６ｎｍ、５４６ｎｍ、及び７００ｎｍの入射光に対する反射率の最大値と最小値の差は、何れも１．７％以上であった。１．７％以上の場合、反射二重像の色味が主像に対して大きく変化して反射二重像が目立ってしまうため、本発明のようにＳＰＤフィルムの車内側の面と車内側ガラス板の車内側の面との間に０ｍｒａｄよりも大きく０．８ｍｒａｄ以下に楔角を設けた際の効果が大きい。 In Examples 1 to 6, when the SPD film has a low visible light transmittance, the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value of the reflectance with respect to incident light having wavelengths of 436 nm, 546 nm, and 700 nm is 1.7%. That was all. When the ratio is 1.7% or more, the color of the reflected double image changes greatly with respect to the main image, and the reflected double image becomes conspicuous. The effect of providing a wedge angle greater than 0 mrad and 0.8 mrad or less between the glass plate and the inner surface of the vehicle is great.
　更に、実施例５、６は、実施例１の構成においてＳＰＤフィルムに印加する電圧を変化させ、可視光透過率をわずかに変えた場合の例であるが、可視光透過率が２．８％、及び４．５％の時も像のコントラストは良好な結果となることが分かった。０．５％の実施例１と比べると、わずかにコントラストが落ちる結果であった。一方、参考例３に示すように、可視光透過率を２５％にまで上げると、コントラストが大きく低下し、視認性に対し大きく不快感を感じる結果となった。このことから、像のコントラストは、楔角に加えて、調光素子層の透過率にも影響されることが分かった。よって調光素子層２５０の可視光透過率は、像のコントラストの観点から、好ましくは２０％以下、より好ましくは５％以下、更に好ましくは１％以下である。 Further, Examples 5 and 6 are examples in the case where the voltage applied to the SPD film is changed in the configuration of Example 1 to slightly change the visible light transmittance, but the visible light transmittance is 2.8%. Also, it was found that the image contrast was good even at 4.5% and 4.5%. Compared with Example 1 of 0.5%, the contrast was slightly lowered. On the other hand, as shown in Reference Example 3, when the visible light transmittance was increased to 25%, the contrast was greatly reduced, resulting in a great discomfort with respect to the visibility. From this, it was found that the contrast of the image is influenced by the transmittance of the light control element layer in addition to the wedge angle. Therefore, the visible light transmittance of the light control element layer 250 is preferably 20% or less, more preferably 5% or less, and still more preferably 1% or less from the viewpoint of image contrast.
　このように、車外側ガラス板と車内側ガラス板との間に中間膜が狭持されてなる合わせガラスにおいて、ＨＵＤ表示領域の少なくとも一部に、中間膜に封入されたＳＰＤフィルムを配置し、ＳＰＤフィルムの車内側の面と車内側ガラス板の車内側の面との間に楔角が０ｍｒａｄよりも大きく０．８ｍｒａｄ以下である断面視楔状の領域を備えることで、背景とのコントラスト比が高く、かつ反射二重像を視認しにくいＨＵＤ像を得ることができる。 Thus, in the laminated glass in which the intermediate film is sandwiched between the vehicle outer side glass plate and the vehicle inner side glass plate, the SPD film sealed in the intermediate film is disposed in at least a part of the HUD display region, By providing a wedge-shaped region with a wedge angle greater than 0 mrad and less than or equal to 0.8 mrad between the vehicle inner surface of the SPD film and the vehicle inner glass plate, the contrast ratio with the background is increased. It is possible to obtain a HUD image that is high and is difficult to visually recognize the reflected double image.
　〈第１の実施の形態の変形例１〉
　第１の実施の形態の変形例１では、調光素子層２５０より車外側にも断面視楔状の領域を設ける例を示す。なお、第１の実施の形態の変形例１において、既に説明した実施の形態と同一構成部についての説明は省略する場合がある。 <Variation 1 of the first embodiment>
In the first modification of the first embodiment, an example in which a wedge-shaped region in cross-sectional view is provided on the vehicle outer side than the light control element layer 250 is shown. In the first modification of the first embodiment, the description of the same components as those of the already described embodiments may be omitted.
　図４（ａ）は、図１（ａ）と同様の形状のフロントガラス２０ＡをＸＺ方向に切ってＹ方向から視た部分断面図である。図４（ｂ）は、図１（ｂ）と同様の形状のフロントガラス２０ＡをＸＺ方向に切ってＹ方向から視た部分断面図である。 FIG. 4 (a) is a partial cross-sectional view of the windshield 20A having the same shape as that of FIG. 1 (a) cut in the XZ direction and viewed from the Y direction. FIG. 4B is a partial cross-sectional view of the windshield 20A having the same shape as that in FIG.
　図４（ａ）及び図４（ｂ）に示すフロントガラス２０Ａは、フロントガラス２０Ａを車両に取り付けたときに、フロントガラス２０Ａの下端側から上端側に至るに従って厚さが増加する断面視楔状に形成されており、楔角がδである。フロントガラス２０Ａは、調光素子層２５０よりも車内側及び車外側が何れも断面視楔状に形成されている点がフロントガラス２０（図２等参照）と相違する。 The windshield 20A shown in FIGS. 4 (a) and 4 (b) has a wedge shape in cross section that increases in thickness from the lower end side to the upper end side of the windshield 20A when the windshield 20A is attached to the vehicle. The wedge angle is δ. The windshield 20A is different from the windshield 20 (see FIG. 2 and the like) in that both the vehicle inner side and the vehicle outer side are formed in a wedge shape in cross section than the light control element layer 250.
　具体的には、本実施の形態では、調光素子層２５０よりも車内側に位置する中間膜２３１が断面視楔状に形成されており、かつ、調光素子層２５０よりも車外側に位置する中間膜２３３Ａが断面視楔状に形成されている。ガラス板２１０及び２２０並びに中間膜２３２の厚さは均一である。中間膜２３１の楔角がδｉであり、中間膜２３３Ａの楔角がδｊであり、ガラス板２１０及び２２０並びに中間膜２３２の厚さは均一であるから、中間膜２３１の楔角δｉと中間膜２３３Ａの楔角δｊとの合計は、フロントガラス２０の内面２１と外面２２とのなす楔角δ（合わせガラス全体の楔角）と等しい。 Specifically, in the present embodiment, the intermediate film 231 located on the vehicle inner side with respect to the light control element layer 250 is formed in a wedge shape in sectional view, and is located on the vehicle outer side with respect to the light control element layer 250. The intermediate film 233A is formed in a wedge shape in cross section. The thicknesses of the glass plates 210 and 220 and the intermediate film 232 are uniform. Since the wedge angle of the intermediate film 231 is δi, the wedge angle of the intermediate film 233A is δj, and the thicknesses of the glass plates 210 and 220 and the intermediate film 232 are uniform, the wedge angle δi of the intermediate film 231 and the intermediate film The total of the wedge angle δj of 233A is equal to the wedge angle δ formed by the inner surface 21 and the outer surface 22 of the windshield 20 (the wedge angle of the entire laminated glass).
　なお、図４の例では中間膜２３３Ａが断面視楔状に形成されているが、中間膜２３３Ａとガラス板２２０の一方又は両方が断面視楔状に形成されていればよい。すなわち、中間膜２３３Ａのみを楔角δｊの断面視楔状に形成してもよいし、ガラス板２２０のみを楔角δｊの断面視楔状に形成してもよい。或いは、中間膜２３３Ａ及びガラス板２２０を断面視楔状に形成し、中間膜２３３Ａの楔角とガラス板２２０の楔角との合計を楔角δｊとしてもよい。 In the example of FIG. 4, the intermediate film 233 </ b> A is formed in a wedge shape in cross section, but one or both of the intermediate film 233 </ b> A and the glass plate 220 may be formed in a wedge shape in cross section. That is, only the intermediate film 233A may be formed in a wedge shape in a sectional view with a wedge angle δj, or only the glass plate 220 may be formed in a wedge shape in a sectional view with a wedge angle δj. Alternatively, the intermediate film 233A and the glass plate 220 may be formed in a wedge shape in cross section, and the total of the wedge angle of the intermediate film 233A and the wedge angle of the glass plate 220 may be set as the wedge angle δj.
　ＨＵＤ表示領域の、中間膜２３０に調光素子層２５０が封入されている領域において、楔角δｉは、０ｍｒａｄよりも大きく０．８ｍｒａｄ以下であることが好ましい。楔角δｉを０ｍｒａｄよりも大きくすることで、反射二重像を抑制した上で透視二重像を十分に低減できる。又、楔角δｉを０．８ｍｒａｄ以下とすることで、主像と反射二重像の距離を小さくして主像と反射二重像とをほぼ重ならせ、反射二重像の色を見えなくすることで、ＨＵＤ像の色味を実際に近いものに制御できる。楔角δｉは、０ｍｒａｄよりも大きく０．６ｍｒａｄ以下であることがより好ましく、０ｍｒａｄよりも大きく０．４ｍｒａｄ以下であることが更に好ましい。ＨＵＤ像の色味を更に実際に近いものに制御できるからである。 In the area of the HUD display area where the light control element layer 250 is sealed in the intermediate film 230, the wedge angle δi is preferably greater than 0 mrad and equal to or less than 0.8 mrad. By making the wedge angle δi larger than 0 mrad, it is possible to sufficiently reduce the perspective double image while suppressing the reflected double image. In addition, by setting the wedge angle δi to 0.8 mrad or less, the distance between the main image and the reflected double image is reduced so that the main image and the reflected double image are almost overlapped, and the color of the reflected double image can be seen. By eliminating it, the color of the HUD image can be controlled to be close to the actual one. The wedge angle δi is more preferably greater than 0 mrad and less than or equal to 0.6 mrad, and more preferably greater than 0 mrad and less than or equal to 0.4 mrad. This is because the color of the HUD image can be controlled to be more realistic.
　ＨＵＤ表示領域の、中間膜２３０に調光素子層２５０が封入されている領域において、楔角δｊは、０ｍｒａｄよりも大きく０．８ｍｒａｄ以下であることが好ましい。楔角δｊを０ｍｒａｄよりも大きくすることで、反射二重像を抑制した上で透視二重像を十分に低減できる。これは、楔角０ｍｒａｄでは外面２２と内面２１が平行であるため、透視二重像が発生するが、楔角０ｍｒａｄよりも大きくすることで透視二重像が主像に近くなるため上記効果が得られる。又、楔角δｊを０．８ｍｒａｄ以下とすることで、調光素子層２５０を可視光透過率が高い状態とした場合に、フロントガラスの車内側の面で反射する主像とフロントガラスの車外側の面で反射する反射二重像の距離を小さくして主像と反射二重像とをほぼ重ならせ、反射二重像の色を見えなくすることで、ＨＵＤ像の色味を実際に近いものに制御できる。このとき、調光素子層２５０の車内側の面で反射される反射二重像（実質的に像が三重に見える）も存在する場合があるが、これについては楔角δｉを０ｍｒａｄよりも大きく０．８ｍｒａｄ以下とすることで主像と重ねることができる。 In the area of the HUD display area where the light control element layer 250 is sealed in the intermediate film 230, the wedge angle δj is preferably greater than 0 mrad and less than or equal to 0.8 mrad. By making the wedge angle δj larger than 0 mrad, it is possible to sufficiently reduce the perspective double image while suppressing the reflected double image. This is because when the wedge angle is 0 mrad, the outer surface 22 and the inner surface 21 are parallel, so a perspective double image is generated. However, when the wedge angle is larger than 0 mrad, the perspective double image becomes closer to the main image, and thus the above effect is obtained. can get. In addition, when the wedge angle δj is set to 0.8 mrad or less, the main image reflected from the inner surface of the windshield and the windshield vehicle when the light control element layer 250 has a high visible light transmittance. The distance of the reflected double image reflected from the outer surface is reduced to make the main image and the reflected double image almost overlap each other, thereby making the color of the reflected double image invisible, so that the color of the HUD image is actually realized. Can be controlled close to At this time, there may be a reflection double image (substantially the image appears to be triple) reflected by the inner surface of the light control element layer 250, but for this, the wedge angle δi is larger than 0 mrad. By setting it to 0.8 mrad or less, it can be superimposed on the main image.
　楔角δｊは、０ｍｒａｄよりも大きく０．６ｍｒａｄ以下であることがより好ましく、０ｍｒａｄよりも大きく０．４ｍｒａｄ以下であることが更に好ましい。上記範囲内とすることにより、調光素子層２５０を可視光透過率が高い状態とした場合に、反射二重像視認しにくくし、ＨＵＤ像の色味を更に実際に近いものに制御できるからである。又、楔角δｉが０．６ｍｒａｄ以下、又は０．４ｍｒａｄ以下であると、ＨＵＤ像の結像距離が長い場合でも上記効果を得やすい。楔角δｉは０．０５ｍｒａｄ以上であってもよく、０．１ｍｒａｄ以上であってもよい。 The wedge angle δj is more preferably greater than 0 mrad and less than or equal to 0.6 mrad, and more preferably greater than 0 mrad and less than or equal to 0.4 mrad. By making it within the above range, when the dimming element layer 250 is in a state where the visible light transmittance is high, it is difficult to visually recognize the reflected double image, and the color of the HUD image can be controlled to be closer to the actual one. It is. Further, when the wedge angle δi is 0.6 mrad or less, or 0.4 mrad or less, the above effect can be easily obtained even when the imaging distance of the HUD image is long. The wedge angle δi may be 0.05 mrad or more, or 0.1 mrad or more.
　このように、調光素子層２５０よりも車外側に位置する中間膜２３３Ａを断面視楔状に形成することで、調光素子層２５０を可視光透過率が高い状態とし、調光素子層２５０が存在するＨＵＤ表示領域にＨＵＤ像を投影した場合に、反射二重像を視認しにくいＨＵＤ像を得ることができる。この場合、中間膜２３２を断面視楔状にしてもよい。 In this way, by forming the intermediate film 233A located on the vehicle outer side from the light control element layer 250 in a wedge shape in cross section, the light control element layer 250 has a high visible light transmittance. When the HUD image is projected onto the existing HUD display area, it is possible to obtain an HUD image in which the reflected double image is difficult to visually recognize. In this case, the intermediate film 232 may be wedge-shaped in cross section.
　すなわち、調光素子層２５０を可視光透過率が高い状態とした場合でも、フロントガラス２０Ａの車内側の面（内面２１）と調光素子層の車内側の面で反射する光が存在するため反射二重像が生じるが、断面視楔状の中間膜２３１により、主像と反射二重像との距離を小さくできる。又、フロントガラス２０Ａの車内側の面（内面２１）と車外側の面（外面２２）で反射する光が存在するため反射二重像が生じるが、断面視楔状の中間膜２３３Ａにより、主像と反射二重像との距離を小さくできる。その結果、反射二重像を視認しにくいＨＵＤ像を得ることができる。 That is, even when the light control element layer 250 is in a state where the visible light transmittance is high, there is light reflected from the vehicle inner surface (inner surface 21) of the windshield 20A and the vehicle inner surface of the light control element layer. Although a reflected double image is generated, the distance between the main image and the reflected double image can be reduced by the wedge-shaped intermediate film 231 in cross section. In addition, since there is light reflected by the inner surface (inner surface 21) and the outer surface (outer surface 22) of the windshield 20A, a double reflected image is generated. However, the wedge-shaped intermediate film 233A causes the main image to be reflected. And the reflection double image can be reduced. As a result, an HUD image in which the reflected double image is difficult to visually recognize can be obtained.
　又、調光素子層２５０を可視光透過率が低い状態とした場合は、第１の実施の形態と同様に、ＨＵＤ像と背景とのコントラスト比を向上できる。このとき、フロントガラス２０Ａの車内側の面（内面２１）と調光素子層の車内側の面で反射する光が存在するため反射二重像が生じるが、断面視楔状の中間膜２３１により、主像と反射二重像との距離を小さくできる。その結果、背景とのコントラスト比が高く、かつ反射二重像を視認しにくいＨＵＤ像を得ることができる。 In addition, when the light control element layer 250 is in a state where the visible light transmittance is low, the contrast ratio between the HUD image and the background can be improved as in the first embodiment. At this time, since there is light reflected on the inner surface (inner surface 21) of the windshield 20A and the inner surface of the light control element layer, a reflection double image is generated. The distance between the main image and the reflected double image can be reduced. As a result, it is possible to obtain an HUD image having a high contrast ratio with the background and making it difficult to visually recognize the reflected double image.
　以上、好ましい実施の形態等について詳説したが、上述した実施の形態等に制限されることはなく、特許請求の範囲に記載された範囲を逸脱することなく、上述した実施の形態等に種々の変形及び置換を加えることができる。 The preferred embodiments and the like have been described in detail above, but the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments and the like, and various modifications can be made to the above-described embodiments and the like without departing from the scope described in the claims. Variations and substitutions can be added.
　本国際出願は２０１８年２月７日に出願した日本国特許出願２０１８－０２０２８２号に基づく優先権を主張するものであり、日本国特許出願２０１８－０２０２８２号の全内容を本国際出願に援用する。 This international application claims priority based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2018-020282 filed on Feb. 7, 2018, and the entire contents of Japanese Patent Application No. 2018-020282 are incorporated herein by reference. .
　２０、２０Ａ　フロントガラス
　２１　内面
　２２　外面
　２９　遮蔽層
　２１０、２２０　ガラス板
　２３０、２３１、２３２、２３３、２３３Ａ　中間膜
　２５０　調光素子層
　Ｒ１、Ｒ１１、Ｒ１２　ＨＵＤ表示領域
　Ｒ２　ＨＵＤ表示外領域
　δ、δｉ、δｊ　楔角 20, 20A Windshield 21 Inner surface 22 Outer surface 29 Shielding layer 210, 220 Glass plate 230, 231, 232, 233, 233A Intermediate film 250 Dimming element layer R 1 , R 11 , R 12 HUD display area R 2 HUD display outer area δ, δi, δj Wedge angle

Claims (18)

  1. 　車外側ガラス板と車内側ガラス板との間に中間膜が狭持されてなる合わせガラスであって、
    　車内からの投影像を反射して情報を表示する表示領域を備え、
    　前記表示領域の少なくとも一部に、前記中間膜に封入された調光素子層が配置され、
    　前記調光素子層の車内側の面と前記車内側ガラス板の車内側の面との間に、前記合わせガラスを車両に取り付けたときの垂直方向の上端側の厚さが下端側よりも厚い断面視楔状の領域を備え、
    　前記断面視楔状の領域の楔角が０ｍｒａｄよりも大きく０．８ｍｒａｄ以下である合わせガラス。     A laminated glass in which an interlayer film is sandwiched between a vehicle outer glass plate and a vehicle inner glass plate,
    It has a display area that reflects the projected image from inside the car and displays information,
    A dimming element layer sealed in the intermediate film is disposed in at least a part of the display area,
    The thickness of the upper end side in the vertical direction when the laminated glass is attached to the vehicle is thicker than the lower end side between the inner surface of the light control element layer and the inner surface of the inner glass plate. It has a wedge-shaped region in cross section,
    Laminated glass in which the wedge angle of the wedge-shaped region in cross-section is greater than 0 mrad and less than or equal to 0.8 mrad.
  2. 　前記断面視楔状の領域の楔角が０ｍｒａｄよりも大きく０．６ｍｒａｄ以下である請求項１に記載の合わせガラス。 The laminated glass according to claim 1, wherein a wedge angle of the wedge-shaped region in cross-sectional view is larger than 0 mrad and not larger than 0.6 mrad.
  3. 　前記断面視楔状の領域の楔角が０ｍｒａｄよりも大きく０．４ｍｒａｄ以下である請求項２に記載の合わせガラス。 The laminated glass according to claim 2, wherein a wedge angle of the wedge-shaped region in cross-sectional view is larger than 0 mrad and not larger than 0.4 mrad.
  4. 　前記中間膜は、前記調光素子層よりも車内側に位置する第１中間膜と、前記調光素子層よりも車外側に位置する第２中間膜と、を含み、
    　前記調光素子層は、前記第１中間膜と前記第２中間膜に挟持され、
    　前記断面視楔状の領域の少なくとも一部は、前記第１中間膜により形成されている請求項１乃至３の何れか一項に記載の合わせガラス。     The intermediate film includes a first intermediate film located on the vehicle inner side than the dimming element layer, and a second intermediate film located on the vehicle outer side than the dimming element layer,
    The light control element layer is sandwiched between the first intermediate film and the second intermediate film,
    The laminated glass according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein at least a part of the wedge-shaped region in cross-sectional view is formed by the first intermediate film.
  5. 　前記断面視楔状の領域の少なくとも一部は、車内側ガラス板により形成されている請求項１乃至４の何れか一項に記載の合わせガラス。 The laminated glass according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein at least a part of the wedge-shaped region in cross-sectional view is formed by a vehicle interior glass plate.
  6. 　前記調光素子層の車外側の面と前記車外側ガラス板の車外側の面との間に、前記合わせガラスを車両に取り付けたときの垂直方向の上端側の厚さが下端側よりも厚い第２の断面視楔状の領域を備え、
    　前記第２の断面視楔状の領域の楔角が０ｍｒａｄよりも大きく０．８ｍｒａｄ以下である請求項１乃至５の何れか一項に記載の合わせガラス。     The thickness of the upper end side in the vertical direction when the laminated glass is attached to the vehicle is thicker than the lower end side between the vehicle outer surface of the light control element layer and the vehicle outer surface of the vehicle outer glass plate. A second cross-sectional wedge-shaped region;
    The laminated glass according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein a wedge angle of the second cross-sectionally wedge-shaped region is greater than 0 mrad and equal to or less than 0.8 mrad.
  7. 　前記第２の断面視楔状の領域の楔角が０ｍｒａｄよりも大きく０．６ｍｒａｄ以下である請求項６に記載の合わせガラス。 The laminated glass according to claim 6, wherein the wedge angle of the second wedge-shaped region in cross section is larger than 0 mrad and not larger than 0.6 mrad.
  8. 　前記第２の断面視楔状の領域の楔角が０ｍｒａｄよりも大きく０．４ｍｒａｄ以下である請求項７に記載の合わせガラス。 The laminated glass according to claim 7, wherein the wedge angle of the wedge-shaped region in the second cross-sectional view is larger than 0 mrad and not larger than 0.4 mrad.
  9. 　前記中間膜は、前記調光素子層よりも車内側に位置する第１中間膜と、前記調光素子層よりも車外側に位置する第２中間膜と、を含み、
    　前記調光素子層は、前記第１中間膜と前記第２中間膜に挟持され、
    　前記第２の断面視楔状の領域の少なくとも一部は、前記第２中間膜により形成されている請求項６乃至８の何れか一項に記載の合わせガラス。     The intermediate film includes a first intermediate film located on the vehicle inner side than the dimming element layer, and a second intermediate film located on the vehicle outer side than the dimming element layer,
    The light control element layer is sandwiched between the first intermediate film and the second intermediate film,
    The laminated glass according to any one of claims 6 to 8, wherein at least part of the second cross-sectional wedge-shaped region is formed by the second intermediate film.
  10. 　前記第２の断面視楔状の領域の少なくとも一部は、車外側ガラス板により形成されている請求項６乃至９の何れか一項に記載の合わせガラス。 The laminated glass according to any one of claims 6 to 9, wherein at least a part of the second cross-sectional wedge-shaped region is formed by an outside glass plate.
  11. 　前記表示領域の、前記中間膜に前記調光素子層が封入されていない領域において、
    　前記車内側ガラス板の車内側の面と前記車外側ガラス板の車外側の面との間に、前記合わせガラスを車両に取り付けたときの垂直方向の上端側の厚さが下端側よりも厚い第３の断面視楔状の領域を備え、
    　前記第３の断面視楔状の領域の楔角が０ｍｒａｄよりも大きく１．０ｍｒａｄ以下である請求項１乃至１０の何れか一項に記載の合わせガラス。     In the region of the display region where the light control element layer is not sealed in the intermediate film,
    The thickness of the upper end side in the vertical direction when the laminated glass is attached to the vehicle is thicker than the lower end side between the inner surface of the inner glass plate and the outer surface of the outer glass plate. A third cross-sectional wedge-shaped region;
    The laminated glass according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein a wedge angle of the third cross-sectionally wedge-shaped region is greater than 0 mrad and equal to or less than 1.0 mrad.
  12. 　下辺周縁部に遮蔽層を有し、車外側からの平面視で前記遮蔽層に隠れるように前記調光素子層への給電手段が配置されている請求項１乃至１１の何れか一項に記載の合わせガラス。 The power supply means to the said light control element layer is arrange | positioned so that it may have a shielding layer in a peripheral part of a lower side, and it may be hidden in the said shielding layer by planar view from the vehicle outer side. Laminated glass.
  13. 　前記調光素子層が配置された領域において、前記垂直方向の曲率が半径４０００ｍｍ以上、水平方向の曲率が半径１０００ｍｍ以上である請求項１乃至１２の何れか一項に記載の合わせガラス。 The laminated glass according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein in the region where the light control element layer is arranged, the curvature in the vertical direction is 4000 mm or more and the curvature in the horizontal direction is 1000 mm or more.
  14. 　前記調光素子層が配置された領域において、前記垂直方向の曲率が半径５０００ｍｍ以上、前記水平方向の曲率が半径１２００ｍｍ以上である請求項１３に記載の合わせガラス。 The laminated glass according to claim 13, wherein in the region where the light control element layer is disposed, the curvature in the vertical direction is a radius of 5000 mm or more and the curvature in the horizontal direction is a radius of 1200 mm or more.
  15. 　前記調光素子層は、懸濁粒子デバイス、高分子分散型液晶、高分子ネットワーク液晶、ゲストホスト液晶、フォトクロミック、エレクトロクロミック、エレクトロキネティックから選択される何れか一つ以上である請求項１乃至１４の何れか一項に記載の合わせガラス。 The light control element layer is at least one selected from a suspended particle device, a polymer dispersed liquid crystal, a polymer network liquid crystal, a guest host liquid crystal, a photochromic, an electrochromic, and an electrokinetic. The laminated glass as described in any one of these.
  16. 　前記調光素子層は、電圧の印加により可視光透過率が高い状態と可視光透過率が低い状態とが切り替わる層であり、
    　前記可視光透過率が低い状態において、波長４３６ｎｍ、５４６ｎｍ、及び７００ｎｍの入射光に対する反射率の最大値と最小値の差が１．７％以上である請求項１乃至１５の何れか一項に記載の合わせガラス。     The light control element layer is a layer in which a state where the visible light transmittance is high and a state where the visible light transmittance is low are switched by application of a voltage,
    The difference between the maximum value and the minimum value of reflectance with respect to incident light having a wavelength of 436 nm, 546 nm, and 700 nm in a state where the visible light transmittance is low is 1.7% or more. Laminated glass as described.
  17. 　前記調光素子層の可視光透過率が低い状態での可視光透過率が２０％以下である請求項１乃至１６の何れか一項に記載の合わせガラス。 The laminated glass according to any one of claims 1 to 16, wherein the visible light transmittance in a state where the visible light transmittance of the light control element layer is low is 20% or less.
  18. 　前記調光素子層の可視光透過率が低い状態での可視光透過率が５％以下である請求項１乃至１７の何れか一項に記載の合わせガラス。 The laminated glass according to any one of claims 1 to 17, wherein the visible light transmittance in a state where the visible light transmittance of the light control element layer is low is 5% or less.
PCT/JP2019/003889 2018-02-07 2019-02-04 Laminated glass WO2019156030A1 (en)

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Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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WO2021063660A1 (en) 2019-10-02 2021-04-08 Saint-Gobain Glass France Laminated safety glass pane for head-up displays
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JP2021085991A (en) * 2019-11-27 2021-06-03 京セラ株式会社 Head-up display system and movable body
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WO2021063660A1 (en) 2019-10-02 2021-04-08 Saint-Gobain Glass France Laminated safety glass pane for head-up displays
DE202020005672U1 (en) 2019-10-02 2022-01-10 Saint-Gobain Glass France Laminated safety glass pane for head-up displays
WO2021075294A1 (en) * 2019-10-17 2021-04-22 Ａｇｃ株式会社 Laminated glass, method for manufacturing same and multi-layered glass
JP7332448B2 (en) 2019-11-27 2023-08-23 京セラ株式会社 Head-up display system and moving body
JP2021085991A (en) * 2019-11-27 2021-06-03 京セラ株式会社 Head-up display system and movable body
WO2021106689A1 (en) * 2019-11-27 2021-06-03 京セラ株式会社 Head-up display system and moving body
US11977226B2 (en) 2019-11-27 2024-05-07 Kyocera Corporation Head-up display system and movable body
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US11881130B2 (en) 2019-11-27 2024-01-23 Kyocera Corporation Head-up display system and moving body
JP2021088486A (en) * 2019-12-04 2021-06-10 日本板硝子株式会社 Vehicular laminated glass
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JP7449082B2 (en) 2019-12-04 2024-03-13 日本板硝子株式会社 laminated glass for cars
WO2021112003A1 (en) * 2019-12-04 2021-06-10 日本板硝子株式会社 Vehicular laminated glass
WO2022207004A1 (en) * 2021-04-16 2022-10-06 福耀玻璃工业集团股份有限公司 Head-up display glass and head-up display system
CN114815263B (en) * 2022-05-25 2023-08-18 福耀玻璃工业集团股份有限公司 Head-up display system and design method
CN114839780A (en) * 2022-05-25 2022-08-02 福耀玻璃工业集团股份有限公司 Head-up display system and design method thereof
CN114815263A (en) * 2022-05-25 2022-07-29 福耀玻璃工业集团股份有限公司 Head-up display system and design method
CN115675029A (en) * 2022-09-06 2023-02-03 福耀玻璃工业集团股份有限公司 Laminated glass assembly and vehicle
WO2024071341A1 (en) * 2022-09-30 2024-04-04 積水化学工業株式会社 Intermediate film for laminated glass, and laminated glass

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