WO2019148916A1 - Photothermal evaporation system having automatic surface desalting function and method for preparing same - Google Patents

Photothermal evaporation system having automatic surface desalting function and method for preparing same Download PDF

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WO2019148916A1
WO2019148916A1 PCT/CN2018/113703 CN2018113703W WO2019148916A1 WO 2019148916 A1 WO2019148916 A1 WO 2019148916A1 CN 2018113703 W CN2018113703 W CN 2018113703W WO 2019148916 A1 WO2019148916 A1 WO 2019148916A1
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sponge
water
photothermal
absorbent sponge
absorbent
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PCT/CN2018/113703
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French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
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刘翼振
刘智鹏
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深圳大学
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
    • C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
    • C02F1/14—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation using solar energy
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
    • C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
    • C02F1/16—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation using waste heat from other processes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F21/00—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
    • C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
    • C02F1/043—Details
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
    • C02F2103/08—Seawater, e.g. for desalination
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/124—Water desalination
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/124—Water desalination
    • Y02A20/138—Water desalination using renewable energy
    • Y02A20/142—Solar thermal; Photovoltaics
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/20—Controlling water pollution; Waste water treatment
    • Y02A20/208—Off-grid powered water treatment
    • Y02A20/212—Solar-powered wastewater sewage treatment, e.g. spray evaporation

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of water treatment, in particular to a photothermal evaporation system for surface self-desalting and a preparation method thereof.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a photothermal evaporation system for surface self-desalting and a preparation method thereof, aiming at solving the existing local heating mode in which salt deposition will occur during seawater desalination. Evaporation of the surface or internal pores, which will weaken the absorption of solar energy by the photothermal material, greatly reducing the problem of photothermal conversion efficiency.
  • a photothermal evaporation system comprising: a water-absorbent sponge comprising a lateral water-absorbent sponge and a vertical water-absorbent sponge disposed perpendicularly to the lateral water-absorbent sponge, the water-absorbing sponge
  • the sponge is loaded with a photothermal conversion material that extends longitudinally through the lightweight material.
  • the photothermal evaporation system wherein the photothermal conversion material is one of a carbon material, a noble metal nanoparticle, an iron-based photothermal material, a semiconductor photothermal material, and an organic photothermal material.
  • the photothermal evaporation system wherein the water absorbent sponge is one of a melamine sponge, a polyurethane sponge, a PVP (polyvinylpyrrolidone) sponge, and a cotton wool.
  • the water absorbent sponge is one of a melamine sponge, a polyurethane sponge, a PVP (polyvinylpyrrolidone) sponge, and a cotton wool.
  • the photothermal evaporation system wherein the lightweight material is one of a hydrophobic sponge, a foam, and a wood.
  • the photothermal evaporation system wherein the lateral water absorbent sponge has a thickness of 3-5 mm.
  • the photothermal evaporation system wherein the vertical water absorbent sponge has a height of 2-3 cm.
  • a method for preparing a photothermal evaporation system according to the present invention comprising:
  • Step (1) providing a massive absorbent sponge and a lightweight material
  • Step (2) depositing a photothermal conversion material on the massive absorbent sponge
  • Step (3) cutting the water-absorbing sponge portion of the unloaded photothermal conversion material into a columnar water-absorbing sponge
  • Step (4) the columnar water-absorbent sponge is longitudinally penetrated into the lightweight material to form the photothermal evaporation system.
  • the method for preparing a photothermal evaporation system wherein the method for depositing a photothermal conversion material on the massive absorbent sponge comprises the steps of: drawing a solution containing chloroauric acid and sodium citrate from a massive absorbent sponge; Gold nanoparticles are grown on the bulk absorbent sponge by heating.
  • the method for preparing a photothermal evaporation system wherein the water absorbent sponge is one of a melamine sponge, a polyurethane sponge, and a PVP (polyvinylpyrrolidone) sponge.
  • the water absorbent sponge is one of a melamine sponge, a polyurethane sponge, and a PVP (polyvinylpyrrolidone) sponge.
  • the method for preparing a photothermal evaporation system wherein the lightweight material is one of a hydrophobic sponge, a foam, and a wood.
  • a novel surface self-desalting photothermal evaporation system designed by the present invention in the evaporation process, the vertical water-absorbent sponge is continuously supplied to the lateral water-absorbing sponge to replenish seawater having a lower salt concentration, and at the same time, horizontally
  • the concentrated brine of the water-absorbent sponge surface layer is larger in density than the lower dilute brine, so the concentrated brine will settle downward and deviate from the water-absorbent sponge material system.
  • Such a mechanism makes such an evaporation system still have no solid salt particles deposited on the surface or internal pores after a long-term seawater desalination operation, thereby achieving a self-cleaning effect on the surface, and achieving stable and efficient photothermal seawater desalination.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a photothermal evaporation system provided by the present invention.
  • the present invention provides a photothermal evaporation system for surface self-desalting and a preparation method thereof.
  • the present invention will be further described in detail below. It is understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
  • millimeter-scale pores like honeycomb coal
  • this method has problems: more holes reduce the area of light absorption, reduce the absorption of light per unit area, and reduce the evaporation efficiency per unit area.
  • this method also has problems: the hydrophobic light absorbing material is not in direct contact with moisture, and heat exchange occurs only at the interface of the two layers of materials, so that heat cannot be efficiently transferred to the water for evaporation, and heat loss is large.
  • the present invention provides a photothermal evaporation system, as shown in FIG. 1, comprising a water absorbent sponge comprising a lateral absorbent sponge 1 and a vertical direction perpendicular to the lateral absorbent sponge.
  • the water-absorbent sponge 2 is loaded with a photothermal conversion material, and the vertical water-absorbent sponge 2 is longitudinally penetrated in the lightweight material 3.
  • the lateral water absorbent sponge 1 of the present invention is a water absorbing sponge loaded with a photothermal conversion material 2, which is a water absorbing sponge which is not loaded with a photothermal conversion material, and the vertical water absorbing sponge 2 is exchanged as a brine.
  • the working mechanism of the channel, specifically the photothermal evaporation system is as follows:
  • the novel photothermal evaporation system designed by the invention when the light is irradiated on the surface of the lateral absorbent sponge loaded with the photothermal conversion material, the surface water rapidly evaporates, the concentration of the brine in the surface sponge increases, and the density of the concentrated brine is higher than that of the bottom layer. Dilute brine, which causes the concentrated brine to move down spontaneously due to gravity and gradually break away from the sponge system into the water. When the concentrated brine is separated from the sponge system, the local water absorption in the sponge system is not saturated. Therefore, due to the capillary action, the light salt water in the water body can be continuously replenished into the sponge system, thus realizing the lateral water-absorbing sponge and the vertical water absorption.
  • the salt concentration between the sponges is automatically balanced, which in turn makes the lateral absorbent sponge have a salt-resistant effect.
  • the novel photothermal evaporation system designed by the invention in the evaporation process, the pale salt water flows through the vertical water-absorbent sponge under the action of capillary to the transverse water-absorbing sponge loaded with the photothermal conversion material, and at the same time, the load
  • the concentrated brine in the lateral absorbent sponge with the photothermal conversion material is larger in density than the dilute brine below, so the concentrated brine will settle downward and escape from the sponge system under the action of gravity.
  • Such a mechanism makes such an evaporation system still have no solid salt particles deposited on the surface of the sponge or internal pores after a long-term desalination operation, thereby achieving a self-cleaning effect on the surface, and achieving stable and efficient photothermal seawater desalination.
  • the salt is deposited on the evaporation surface or the internal pores, and the photothermal evaporation system of the invention realizes the salt concentration between the lateral absorbent sponge and the vertical absorbent sponge without lowering the evaporation efficiency.
  • the balance further makes the lateral absorbent sponge have a salt-resistant effect.
  • the photothermal conversion material is a series of light heats which can be attached to a base material (such as a water-absorbent sponge), such as a carbon material, a noble metal nanoparticle, an iron-based photothermal material, a semiconductor photothermal material, and an organic photothermal material.
  • a base material such as a water-absorbent sponge
  • the carbon material is graphene or carbon black, and the like
  • the noble metal nanoparticles are gold, silver or platinum, and the like
  • the iron-based photothermal material is Prussian blue or triiron tetroxide.
  • the semiconductor photothermal material is titanium dioxide or copper sulfide, and the like is not limited thereto; and the organic photothermal material is phthalocyanine green, polyaniline or polypyrrole, and the like.
  • the water-absorbent sponge is one of a porous material such as a melamine sponge, a polyurethane sponge, a PVP (polyvinylpyrrolidone) sponge, and a cotton wool which can absorb water.
  • a porous material such as a melamine sponge, a polyurethane sponge, a PVP (polyvinylpyrrolidone) sponge, and a cotton wool which can absorb water.
  • the lightweight material is one of a hydrophobic sponge, a foam, a wood, and the like.
  • the lightweight material is used to provide buoyancy.
  • the thickness of the lateral water-absorbent sponge 1 is 3-5 mm, when the thickness is too thin, such as 2 mm, the light transmittance is relatively high, and the solar light utilization rate is lowered; if the water storage amount is too thick, the heat loss is slower and the heat loss is more. . It has been found that a more preferable thickness is 4 mm, and the light transmittance is substantially zero at 4 mm, and the surface water absorption amount is appropriate, and the evaporation speed is fast.
  • the present invention can obtain the vertical water-absorbent sponge 2 without cutting into a thin column shape, and is cut into a thin column shape only in order to reduce the contact area with the water body, reduce heat transfer, and ensure efficient evaporation. If the vertical water-absorbent sponge 2 is too wide, the heat exchange of the water body will become large, resulting in heat loss. Too narrow will result in insufficient water supply to the surface layer, affecting material evaporation performance and salt resistance.
  • the vertical water-absorbent sponge 2 of the present invention is theoretically higher than the lightweight material for providing buoyancy, that is, it can ensure contact with the water body, and the material is too long to waste and does not play a beneficial role, too short to be used. Contact with water can not replenish water.
  • the invention also provides a preparation method of the photothermal evaporation system as described above, which comprises:
  • Step (1) providing a massive absorbent sponge and a lightweight material
  • Step (2) depositing a photothermal conversion material on the massive absorbent sponge
  • Step (3) cutting the water-absorbing sponge portion of the unloaded photothermal conversion material into a columnar water-absorbing sponge
  • Step (4) the columnar water-absorbent sponge is longitudinally penetrated into the lightweight material to form the photothermal evaporation system.
  • the invention relies on the photothermal conversion material and the water body to perform automatic exchange of the soluble solution to prevent the deposition of the soluble matter on the evaporation surface.
  • the water-absorbent sponge portion of the unsupported photothermal conversion material is cut into a thin column shape in order to reduce the contact area and reduce heat transfer to the water body.
  • the water-absorbing sponge portion of the unloaded photothermal conversion material may not be cut into a thin column shape, but may be integrally fixed in a light material, floating on water, and also automatically removing soluble solids on the evaporation surface. the goal of.
  • the solution system includes not only an aqueous solution system but also a solution system of a solvent such as ethanol, which can be evaporated and purified by the system of the present invention.
  • the step (1) specifically includes: providing a massive absorbent sponge and a lightweight material, and cutting the massive absorbent sponge into a desired size for use.
  • the step (2) specifically comprises: synthesizing or loading the photothermal conversion material on the surface layer of the water-absorbing sponge to obtain a water-absorbent sponge having photothermal conversion characteristics.
  • the present invention can directly adsorb a dark dye such as black ink or the like as a photothermal conversion material on the water-absorbent sponge surface layer fiber.
  • the invention can also synthesize gold nanoparticles in situ on the water-absorbing sponge surface layer fiber, in particular, the precursor of the synthetic gold nano-particles, sodium citrate and chloroauric acid, are mixed in a certain ratio, and then the water-absorbent sponge surface fiber is used to absorb the mixed liquid. Finally, the water-absorbing sponge surface fiber is placed in an oven to heat the gold nanoparticle on the surface layer of the water-absorbent sponge.
  • the step (3) specifically includes: cutting a bottom blank sponge (ie, a water-absorbing sponge portion of the unloaded photothermal conversion material) having a light-heat-transfer property into a fine column shape for use as water absorption and evaporation
  • the surface layer ie, a lateral absorbent sponge having photothermal conversion characteristics replenishes moisture.
  • the step (4) specifically includes: the columnar water-absorbing sponge is longitudinally penetrated into the lightweight material, and then floated on the water surface for evaporation.
  • the brine concentration of the evaporation surface layer i.e., the lateral water-absorbent sponge 1 having photothermal conversion characteristics
  • the thicker brine begins to sink along the blank sponge column (ie, the vertical absorbent sponge 2 without the photothermal conversion material) due to the higher density.
  • the evaporation surface layer begins to be in a state of water non-saturation, and passes under capillary action.
  • a blank sponge column replenishes moisture to the evaporation surface.
  • the evaporation surface is always wet and the brine concentration is dynamically balanced, and there is no salt particles condensing in the surface layer or internal pores, which can maintain efficient evaporation for a long time without adding an additional cleaning device.
  • the photothermal evaporation system of the present embodiment includes a water-absorbent sponge and a lightweight material 3, and the water-absorbent sponge includes a lateral water-absorbent sponge 1 and vertical water absorption vertically disposed with the lateral water-absorbent sponge.
  • the sponge 2 is loaded with a photothermal conversion material, and the vertical absorbent sponge 2 is longitudinally penetrated in the lightweight material 3.
  • the lateral absorbent sponge 1 has a length of 4 cm, a width of 4 cm, and a height (thickness) of 3 cm; the vertical absorbent sponge 2 has a length of 1 cm, a width of 1 cm, and a height (thickness) of 3 cm.
  • the photothermal evaporation system can maintain stable evaporation for more than 20 hours under 10 times sunlight and 20 wt% concentrated brine, and the evaporation surface layer does not exhibit salt crystallization, and the evaporation efficiency is almost unchanged.
  • the present invention provides a novel photothermal evaporation system and a preparation method thereof, which continuously illuminate the surface layer (ie, load with photothermal conversion) through a water absorbing material (ie, a vertical water absorbing sponge) during evaporation.
  • the lateral absorbent sponge of the material is supplemented with seawater having a lower salt concentration, and at the same time, the concentrated brine in the surface water absorbing material is larger in density than the lower brine, so the concentrated brine will settle downward and deviate from the water absorbing material system.
  • Such a mechanism makes such an evaporation system still have no solid salt particles deposited on the surface or internal pores after a long-term seawater desalination operation, thereby achieving a self-cleaning effect on the surface, and achieving stable and efficient photothermal seawater desalination.

Abstract

A photothermal evaporation system having an automatic surface desalting function, comprising a water-absorbent sponge and a light material (3). The water-absorbent sponge comprises a horizontal water-absorbent sponge (1) and a vertical water-absorbent sponge (2) perpendicular to the horizontal water-absorbent sponge (1). The horizontal water-absorbent sponge (1) is loaded with a photothermal conversion material, and the vertical water-absorbent sponge (2) longitudinally penetrates through the light material (3). Also disclosed is a method for preparing a photothermal evaporation system. During an evaporation process, the water-absorbent sponge continuously supplies seawater having a low salt concentration to an evaporation surface layer. In addition, because concentrated salt water in the surface of the sponge is larger than the dilute salt water below, the concentrated salt water settles downward and separates from the sponge system, so that no solid salt particle is deposited on the surface or internal holes even if the evaporation system has performed seawater desalination for a long period of time, thereby implementing automatic surface cleaning.

Description

一种表面自除盐的光热蒸发***及其制备方法Photothermal evaporation system for surface self-desalting and preparation method thereof 技术领域Technical field
本发明涉及水处理技术领域，尤其涉及一种表面自除盐的光热蒸发***及其制备方法。The invention relates to the technical field of water treatment, in particular to a photothermal evaporation system for surface self-desalting and a preparation method thereof.
背景技术Background technique
直接使用太阳能蒸发海水而产生淡水由于效率低下而限制了其在工业化生产上的运用。人们提出局部加热的方法以提高能量利用效率，这类局部加热的方法通常将光热材料与水体隔离，通过在光热材料底部添加亲水隔热的材料以限制热量散失于水体中，实现将热量限制于蒸发表层进而高效快速蒸发。然而，这种局部加热的模式在海水淡化过程中将会出现盐分沉积于蒸发表面或者内部孔洞中，这将削弱光热材料对太阳能的吸收，大大降低光热转换效率。Direct use of solar energy to evaporate seawater to produce fresh water limits its use in industrial production due to inefficiency. Local heating methods have been proposed to improve energy utilization efficiency. Such local heating methods generally separate the photothermal material from the water body, and by adding a hydrophilic heat insulating material to the bottom of the photothermal material to limit heat loss to the water body, The heat is limited to the evaporation surface and thus evaporates efficiently and quickly. However, this local heating mode will cause salt deposition on the evaporation surface or internal pores during seawater desalination, which will weaken the absorption of solar energy by the photothermal material and greatly reduce the efficiency of photothermal conversion.
因此，现有技术还有待于改进和发展。Therefore, the prior art has yet to be improved and developed.
发明内容Summary of the invention
鉴于上述现有技术的不足，本发明的目的在于提供一种表面自除盐的光热蒸发***及其制备方法，旨在解决现有局部加热的模式在海水淡化过程中将会出现盐分沉积于蒸发表面或者内部孔洞中，这将削弱光热材料对太阳能的吸收，大大降低光热转换效率的问题。In view of the above deficiencies of the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a photothermal evaporation system for surface self-desalting and a preparation method thereof, aiming at solving the existing local heating mode in which salt deposition will occur during seawater desalination. Evaporation of the surface or internal pores, which will weaken the absorption of solar energy by the photothermal material, greatly reducing the problem of photothermal conversion efficiency.
本发明的技术方案如下：The technical solution of the present invention is as follows:
一种光热蒸发***，其中，包括吸水性海绵和轻质材料，所述吸水性海绵包括横向吸水性海绵和与所述横向吸水性海绵垂直设置的竖向吸水性海绵，所述横向吸水性海绵负载有光热转换材料，所述竖向吸水性海绵纵向贯穿于所述轻质材料中。A photothermal evaporation system comprising: a water-absorbent sponge comprising a lateral water-absorbent sponge and a vertical water-absorbent sponge disposed perpendicularly to the lateral water-absorbent sponge, the water-absorbing sponge The sponge is loaded with a photothermal conversion material that extends longitudinally through the lightweight material.
所述的光热蒸发***，其中，所述光热转换材料为碳材料、贵金属纳米粒子、铁系光热材料、半导体光热材料和有机光热材料中的一种。The photothermal evaporation system, wherein the photothermal conversion material is one of a carbon material, a noble metal nanoparticle, an iron-based photothermal material, a semiconductor photothermal material, and an organic photothermal material.
所述的光热蒸发***，其中，所述吸水性海绵为三聚氰胺海绵、聚氨酯海绵、PVP(聚乙烯吡咯烷酮)海绵和脱脂棉中的一种。The photothermal evaporation system, wherein the water absorbent sponge is one of a melamine sponge, a polyurethane sponge, a PVP (polyvinylpyrrolidone) sponge, and a cotton wool.
所述的光热蒸发***，其中，所述轻质材料为疏水海绵、泡沫和木材中的一 种。The photothermal evaporation system, wherein the lightweight material is one of a hydrophobic sponge, a foam, and a wood.
所述的光热蒸发***，其中，所述横向吸水性海绵的厚度为3-5mm。The photothermal evaporation system, wherein the lateral water absorbent sponge has a thickness of 3-5 mm.
所述的光热蒸发***，其中，所述竖向吸水性海绵的高度为2-3cm。The photothermal evaporation system, wherein the vertical water absorbent sponge has a height of 2-3 cm.
一种本发明所述的光热蒸发***的制备方法，其中，包括：A method for preparing a photothermal evaporation system according to the present invention, comprising:
步骤(1)、提供块状吸水性海绵和轻质材料；Step (1), providing a massive absorbent sponge and a lightweight material;
步骤(2)、在所述块状吸水性海绵上沉积光热转换材料；Step (2), depositing a photothermal conversion material on the massive absorbent sponge;
步骤(3)、将未负载光热转换材料的吸水性海绵部分切成柱状吸水性海绵；Step (3), cutting the water-absorbing sponge portion of the unloaded photothermal conversion material into a columnar water-absorbing sponge;
步骤(4)、将所述柱状吸水性海绵纵向贯穿于所述轻质材料中，形成所述光热蒸发***。Step (4), the columnar water-absorbent sponge is longitudinally penetrated into the lightweight material to form the photothermal evaporation system.
所述的光热蒸发***的制备方法，其中，在所述块状吸水性海绵上沉积光热转换材料的方法包括步骤：将块状吸水性海绵吸取含氯金酸和柠檬酸钠的溶液，通过加热，在块状吸水性海绵上生长出金纳米颗粒。The method for preparing a photothermal evaporation system, wherein the method for depositing a photothermal conversion material on the massive absorbent sponge comprises the steps of: drawing a solution containing chloroauric acid and sodium citrate from a massive absorbent sponge; Gold nanoparticles are grown on the bulk absorbent sponge by heating.
所述的光热蒸发***的制备方法，其中，所述吸水性海绵为三聚氰胺海绵、聚氨酯海绵和PVP(聚乙烯吡咯烷酮)海绵中的一种。The method for preparing a photothermal evaporation system, wherein the water absorbent sponge is one of a melamine sponge, a polyurethane sponge, and a PVP (polyvinylpyrrolidone) sponge.
所述的光热蒸发***的制备方法，其中，所述轻质材料为疏水海绵、泡沫和木材中的一种。The method for preparing a photothermal evaporation system, wherein the lightweight material is one of a hydrophobic sponge, a foam, and a wood.
有益效果：本发明设计的一种新型表面自除盐的光热蒸发***，该***在蒸发过程中，通过竖向吸水性海绵不断向横向吸水性海绵补充盐浓度较低的海水，同时，横向吸水性海绵表层的浓盐水由于密度比下方稀盐水大，因此浓盐水将向下沉降并脱离吸水海绵材料体系。这样的机制使得这类蒸发***在长时间海水淡化作业后依然不会有固体盐颗粒沉积在表面或者内部孔洞中，达到表面自清洁的效果，实现稳定、高效的光热海水淡化。[Advantageous Effects] A novel surface self-desalting photothermal evaporation system designed by the present invention, in the evaporation process, the vertical water-absorbent sponge is continuously supplied to the lateral water-absorbing sponge to replenish seawater having a lower salt concentration, and at the same time, horizontally The concentrated brine of the water-absorbent sponge surface layer is larger in density than the lower dilute brine, so the concentrated brine will settle downward and deviate from the water-absorbent sponge material system. Such a mechanism makes such an evaporation system still have no solid salt particles deposited on the surface or internal pores after a long-term seawater desalination operation, thereby achieving a self-cleaning effect on the surface, and achieving stable and efficient photothermal seawater desalination.
附图说明DRAWINGS
图1为本发明提供的一种光热蒸发***的结构示意图。FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a photothermal evaporation system provided by the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
本发明提供一种表面自除盐的光热蒸发***及其制备方法，为使本发明的目的、技术方案及效果更加清楚、明确，以下对本发明进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。The present invention provides a photothermal evaporation system for surface self-desalting and a preparation method thereof. In order to make the objects, technical solutions and effects of the present invention more clear and clear, the present invention will be further described in detail below. It is understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
现有技术中，通常在材料上设计毫米级孔洞(类似蜂窝煤那样)，使结晶后 的盐颗粒能自动掉落于水体中，不在蒸发表面长久停留。但这种方法存在问题：较多的孔洞减少了光吸收的面积，减少了单位占地面积内对光的吸收进而降低了单位占地面积的蒸发效率。现有技术中，也有通过设计亲水和疏水的双层结构材料，蒸发时，盐分只在两层材料的界面上沉积，并逐渐溶于水中。但这种方法也存在问题：疏水吸光材料与水分不直接接触，仅在两层材料界面发生热交换，使热量不能有效地传递给水进行蒸发，热损失较大。In the prior art, millimeter-scale pores (like honeycomb coal) are usually designed on the material so that the crystallized salt particles can be automatically dropped into the water body without staying on the evaporation surface for a long time. However, this method has problems: more holes reduce the area of light absorption, reduce the absorption of light per unit area, and reduce the evaporation efficiency per unit area. In the prior art, there are also two-layer structural materials which are designed to be hydrophilic and hydrophobic. When evaporating, the salt is deposited only at the interface of the two layers of material and gradually dissolves in water. However, this method also has problems: the hydrophobic light absorbing material is not in direct contact with moisture, and heat exchange occurs only at the interface of the two layers of materials, so that heat cannot be efficiently transferred to the water for evaporation, and heat loss is large.
本发明提供一种光热蒸发***，如图1所示，包括吸水性海绵和轻质材料3，所述吸水性海绵包括横向吸水性海绵1和与所述横向吸水性海绵垂直设置的竖向吸水性海绵2，所述横向吸水性海绵1负载有光热转换材料，所述竖向吸水性海绵2纵向贯穿于所述轻质材料3中。本发明所述横向吸水性海绵1为负载有光热转换材料的吸水海绵，所述竖向吸水性海绵2为未负载光热转换材料的吸水海绵，所述竖向吸水性海绵2作为盐水交换通道，具体所述光热蒸发***的工作机理如下：The present invention provides a photothermal evaporation system, as shown in FIG. 1, comprising a water absorbent sponge comprising a lateral absorbent sponge 1 and a vertical direction perpendicular to the lateral absorbent sponge. The water-absorbent sponge 2 is loaded with a photothermal conversion material, and the vertical water-absorbent sponge 2 is longitudinally penetrated in the lightweight material 3. The lateral water absorbent sponge 1 of the present invention is a water absorbing sponge loaded with a photothermal conversion material 2, which is a water absorbing sponge which is not loaded with a photothermal conversion material, and the vertical water absorbing sponge 2 is exchanged as a brine. The working mechanism of the channel, specifically the photothermal evaporation system is as follows:
本发明设计的新型光热蒸发***，当光照射在负载有光热转换材料的横向吸水性海绵表面时，表层水迅速蒸发，表层海绵内的盐水浓度增大，浓盐水的密度要高于底层稀盐水，这使得浓盐水由于重力作用自发向下移动，并逐渐脱离海绵体系进入水体中。而当浓盐水脱离海绵体系后，造成海绵体系内局部吸水不饱和，因此，由于毛细作用，水体中的淡盐水又能不断补充至海绵体系中，这样实现了横向吸水性海绵与竖向吸水性海绵间的盐浓度自动平衡，进而使得横向吸水性海绵具有抗盐的效果。The novel photothermal evaporation system designed by the invention, when the light is irradiated on the surface of the lateral absorbent sponge loaded with the photothermal conversion material, the surface water rapidly evaporates, the concentration of the brine in the surface sponge increases, and the density of the concentrated brine is higher than that of the bottom layer. Dilute brine, which causes the concentrated brine to move down spontaneously due to gravity and gradually break away from the sponge system into the water. When the concentrated brine is separated from the sponge system, the local water absorption in the sponge system is not saturated. Therefore, due to the capillary action, the light salt water in the water body can be continuously replenished into the sponge system, thus realizing the lateral water-absorbing sponge and the vertical water absorption. The salt concentration between the sponges is automatically balanced, which in turn makes the lateral absorbent sponge have a salt-resistant effect.
也就是说，本发明设计的新型光热蒸发***，该***在蒸发过程中，淡盐水在毛细作用下通过竖向吸水性海绵不断流向负载有光热转换材料的横向吸水性海绵，同时，负载有光热转换材料的横向吸水性海绵中的浓盐水由于密度比下方稀盐水大，因此浓盐水在重力作用下将向下沉降并脱离海绵体系。这样的机制使得这类蒸发***在长时间海水淡化作业后依然不会有固体盐颗粒沉积在海绵表面或者内部孔洞中，达到表面自清洁的效果，实现稳定、高效的光热海水淡化。与现有蒸发***盐分沉积于蒸发表面或者内部孔洞相比，本发明的光热蒸发***，在不降低蒸发效率的前提下，实现了横向吸水性海绵与竖向吸水性海绵间的盐浓度自动平衡，进而使得横向吸水性海绵具有抗盐的效果。That is to say, the novel photothermal evaporation system designed by the invention, in the evaporation process, the pale salt water flows through the vertical water-absorbent sponge under the action of capillary to the transverse water-absorbing sponge loaded with the photothermal conversion material, and at the same time, the load The concentrated brine in the lateral absorbent sponge with the photothermal conversion material is larger in density than the dilute brine below, so the concentrated brine will settle downward and escape from the sponge system under the action of gravity. Such a mechanism makes such an evaporation system still have no solid salt particles deposited on the surface of the sponge or internal pores after a long-term desalination operation, thereby achieving a self-cleaning effect on the surface, and achieving stable and efficient photothermal seawater desalination. Compared with the existing evaporation system, the salt is deposited on the evaporation surface or the internal pores, and the photothermal evaporation system of the invention realizes the salt concentration between the lateral absorbent sponge and the vertical absorbent sponge without lowering the evaporation efficiency. The balance further makes the lateral absorbent sponge have a salt-resistant effect.
优选地，所述光热转换材料为碳材料、贵金属纳米粒子、铁系光热材料、半导体光热材料和有机光热材料等一系列可以附着在基底材料(如吸水性海绵)上的光热材料中的一种。更优选地，所述碳材料为石墨烯或碳黑等不限于此；所述贵金属纳米粒子为金、银或铂等不限于此；所述铁系光热材料为普鲁士蓝或四氧化三铁等不限于此；所述半导体光热材料为二氧化钛或硫化铜等不限于此；所述有机光热材料为吲哚菁绿、聚苯胺或聚吡咯等不限于此。Preferably, the photothermal conversion material is a series of light heats which can be attached to a base material (such as a water-absorbent sponge), such as a carbon material, a noble metal nanoparticle, an iron-based photothermal material, a semiconductor photothermal material, and an organic photothermal material. One of the materials. More preferably, the carbon material is graphene or carbon black, and the like; the noble metal nanoparticles are gold, silver or platinum, and the like; the iron-based photothermal material is Prussian blue or triiron tetroxide. The semiconductor photothermal material is titanium dioxide or copper sulfide, and the like is not limited thereto; and the organic photothermal material is phthalocyanine green, polyaniline or polypyrrole, and the like.
优选地，所述吸水性海绵为三聚氰胺海绵、聚氨酯海绵、PVP(聚乙烯吡咯烷酮)海绵和脱脂棉等可以吸水的多孔材料中的一种。Preferably, the water-absorbent sponge is one of a porous material such as a melamine sponge, a polyurethane sponge, a PVP (polyvinylpyrrolidone) sponge, and a cotton wool which can absorb water.
优选地，所述轻质材料为疏水海绵、泡沫和木材等中的一种。所述轻质材料用于提供浮力。Preferably, the lightweight material is one of a hydrophobic sponge, a foam, a wood, and the like. The lightweight material is used to provide buoyancy.
优选地，所述横向吸水性海绵1的厚度为3-5mm，太薄比如2mm时光透过率会比较高，降低太阳光利用率；太厚蓄水量较大导致升温较慢热量损失较多。经测试发现更优选的厚度为4mm，4mm的时候光透过率基本为零，又能使表层吸水量适当，蒸发速度较快。Preferably, the thickness of the lateral water-absorbent sponge 1 is 3-5 mm, when the thickness is too thin, such as 2 mm, the light transmittance is relatively high, and the solar light utilization rate is lowered; if the water storage amount is too thick, the heat loss is slower and the heat loss is more. . It has been found that a more preferable thickness is 4 mm, and the light transmittance is substantially zero at 4 mm, and the surface water absorption amount is appropriate, and the evaporation speed is fast.
需说明的是，本发明可以不切成细柱状来获得所述竖向吸水性海绵2，切成细柱状只是为了减少与水体接触面积，减少传热，保证高效蒸发。竖向吸水性海绵2太宽会使得水体热量交换变大造成热损失，太窄会导致向表层补水能力不足，影响材料蒸发性能和抗盐性能。It should be noted that the present invention can obtain the vertical water-absorbent sponge 2 without cutting into a thin column shape, and is cut into a thin column shape only in order to reduce the contact area with the water body, reduce heat transfer, and ensure efficient evaporation. If the vertical water-absorbent sponge 2 is too wide, the heat exchange of the water body will become large, resulting in heat loss. Too narrow will result in insufficient water supply to the surface layer, affecting material evaporation performance and salt resistance.
本发明所述竖向吸水性海绵2高度理论上比提供浮力的轻质材料高一点即可，即能保证和水体接触就行，太长浪费材料且不会起到有益的作用，太短没法和水体接触无法补水。The vertical water-absorbent sponge 2 of the present invention is theoretically higher than the lightweight material for providing buoyancy, that is, it can ensure contact with the water body, and the material is too long to waste and does not play a beneficial role, too short to be used. Contact with water can not replenish water.
本发明还提供一种如上所述的光热蒸发***的制备方法，其中，包括：The invention also provides a preparation method of the photothermal evaporation system as described above, which comprises:
步骤(1)、提供块状吸水性海绵和轻质材料；Step (1), providing a massive absorbent sponge and a lightweight material;
步骤(2)、在所述块状吸水性海绵上沉积光热转换材料；Step (2), depositing a photothermal conversion material on the massive absorbent sponge;
步骤(3)、将未负载光热转换材料的吸水性海绵部分切成柱状吸水性海绵；Step (3), cutting the water-absorbing sponge portion of the unloaded photothermal conversion material into a columnar water-absorbing sponge;
步骤(4)、将所述柱状吸水性海绵纵向贯穿于所述轻质材料中，形成所述光热蒸发***。Step (4), the columnar water-absorbent sponge is longitudinally penetrated into the lightweight material to form the photothermal evaporation system.
本发明依靠光热转换材料和水体进行可溶物溶液的自动交换，来阻止可溶物在蒸发表面沉积。将未负载光热转换材料的吸水性海绵部分切成较细的柱状，目 的是减小接触面积，减少热量传递至水体中。需说明的是，所述未负载光热转换材料的吸水性海绵部分可以不切成较细的柱状，而是整体固定于轻质材料中，漂浮于水上，也能达到蒸发表面自动去除可溶性固体的目的。需说明的是，溶液体系不仅包括水溶液体系，还包括乙醇等溶剂的溶液体系，均可用本发明***蒸发提纯。The invention relies on the photothermal conversion material and the water body to perform automatic exchange of the soluble solution to prevent the deposition of the soluble matter on the evaporation surface. The water-absorbent sponge portion of the unsupported photothermal conversion material is cut into a thin column shape in order to reduce the contact area and reduce heat transfer to the water body. It should be noted that the water-absorbing sponge portion of the unloaded photothermal conversion material may not be cut into a thin column shape, but may be integrally fixed in a light material, floating on water, and also automatically removing soluble solids on the evaporation surface. the goal of. It should be noted that the solution system includes not only an aqueous solution system but also a solution system of a solvent such as ethanol, which can be evaporated and purified by the system of the present invention.
所述步骤(1)具体包括：提供块状吸水性海绵和轻质材料，将所述块状吸水性海绵裁剪为所需尺寸，备用。The step (1) specifically includes: providing a massive absorbent sponge and a lightweight material, and cutting the massive absorbent sponge into a desired size for use.
所述步骤(2)具体包括：在吸水性海绵表层纤维上原位合成或者负载光热转换材料，制得具有光热转换特性的吸水性海绵。例如，本发明可以在吸水性海绵表层纤维上直接吸附深色染料如黑色墨水等作为光热转换材料。本发明也可以在吸水性海绵表层纤维上原位合成金纳米粒子，具体是将合成金纳米粒子的前体柠檬酸钠和氯金酸按一定比例混合，然后用吸水性海绵表层纤维吸取混合液，最后将吸水性海绵表层纤维放入烘箱加热，即可在吸水性海绵表层纤维上生长出金纳米颗粒。The step (2) specifically comprises: synthesizing or loading the photothermal conversion material on the surface layer of the water-absorbing sponge to obtain a water-absorbent sponge having photothermal conversion characteristics. For example, the present invention can directly adsorb a dark dye such as black ink or the like as a photothermal conversion material on the water-absorbent sponge surface layer fiber. The invention can also synthesize gold nanoparticles in situ on the water-absorbing sponge surface layer fiber, in particular, the precursor of the synthetic gold nano-particles, sodium citrate and chloroauric acid, are mixed in a certain ratio, and then the water-absorbent sponge surface fiber is used to absorb the mixed liquid. Finally, the water-absorbing sponge surface fiber is placed in an oven to heat the gold nanoparticle on the surface layer of the water-absorbent sponge.
所述步骤(3)具体包括：将具有光热转换特性的吸水性海绵的底部空白海绵(即未负载光热转换材料的吸水性海绵部分)切成较细的柱状，用作吸水并向蒸发表层(即具有光热转换特性的横向吸水性海绵)补充水分。The step (3) specifically includes: cutting a bottom blank sponge (ie, a water-absorbing sponge portion of the unloaded photothermal conversion material) having a light-heat-transfer property into a fine column shape for use as water absorption and evaporation The surface layer (ie, a lateral absorbent sponge having photothermal conversion characteristics) replenishes moisture.
所述步骤(4)具体包括：将所述柱状吸水性海绵纵向贯穿于轻质材料中，即可漂浮在水面上进行蒸发。结合图1所示，当蒸发开始后，蒸发表层(即具有光热转换特性的横向吸水性海绵1)的盐水浓度逐渐变浓，与下端水体形成浓度差。较浓的盐水由于密度较大开始沿着空白海绵柱(即未负载光热转换材料的竖向吸水性海绵2)下沉，蒸发开始后蒸发表层开始处于水分不饱和状态，在毛细作用下通过空白海绵柱补充水分至蒸发表层。这样，蒸发表层始终处于湿润且盐水浓度动态平衡状态，不会有盐颗粒在表层或者内部孔洞中凝结，可以长时间保持高效蒸发而不需要添加额外的清洗装置。The step (4) specifically includes: the columnar water-absorbing sponge is longitudinally penetrated into the lightweight material, and then floated on the water surface for evaporation. As shown in Fig. 1, when the evaporation starts, the brine concentration of the evaporation surface layer (i.e., the lateral water-absorbent sponge 1 having photothermal conversion characteristics) gradually becomes richer, forming a concentration difference with the lower end water body. The thicker brine begins to sink along the blank sponge column (ie, the vertical absorbent sponge 2 without the photothermal conversion material) due to the higher density. After the evaporation starts, the evaporation surface layer begins to be in a state of water non-saturation, and passes under capillary action. A blank sponge column replenishes moisture to the evaporation surface. In this way, the evaporation surface is always wet and the brine concentration is dynamically balanced, and there is no salt particles condensing in the surface layer or internal pores, which can maintain efficient evaporation for a long time without adding an additional cleaning device.
下面通过实施例对本发明进行详细说明。The invention will now be described in detail by way of examples.
本实施例的光热蒸发***，如图1所示，包括吸水性海绵和轻质材料3，所述吸水性海绵包括横向吸水性海绵1和与所述横向吸水性海绵垂直设置的竖向吸水性海绵2，所述横向吸水性海绵1负载有光热转换材料，所述竖向吸水性海 绵2纵向贯穿于所述轻质材料3中。所述横向吸水性海绵1的长为4cm，宽为4cm，高度(厚度)为3cm；所述竖向吸水性海绵2的长为1cm，宽为1cm，高度(厚度)为3cm。The photothermal evaporation system of the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1, includes a water-absorbent sponge and a lightweight material 3, and the water-absorbent sponge includes a lateral water-absorbent sponge 1 and vertical water absorption vertically disposed with the lateral water-absorbent sponge. The sponge 2 is loaded with a photothermal conversion material, and the vertical absorbent sponge 2 is longitudinally penetrated in the lightweight material 3. The lateral absorbent sponge 1 has a length of 4 cm, a width of 4 cm, and a height (thickness) of 3 cm; the vertical absorbent sponge 2 has a length of 1 cm, a width of 1 cm, and a height (thickness) of 3 cm.
本实施例的光热蒸发***的制备方法，包括以下步骤：The preparation method of the photothermal evaporation system of this embodiment comprises the following steps:
(1)、取吸水性较好的三聚氰胺海绵并吸取一定量的含氯金酸和柠檬酸钠的溶液，在所述三聚氰胺海绵表层合成纳米金颗粒；(1) taking a melamine sponge having good water absorption and taking a certain amount of a solution containing chloroauric acid and sodium citrate, and synthesizing nano gold particles on the surface layer of the melamine sponge;
(2)、合成完毕后洗净烘干，并将底部未负载纳米金颗粒的三聚氰胺海绵切成细柱状；(2) After washing, drying and drying, and cutting the melamine sponge with no gold nano particles at the bottom into a thin column;
(3)、将上述细柱状的三聚氰胺海绵纵向贯穿于普通疏水泡沫中，将其漂浮于水面上进行蒸发；(3) the above-mentioned fine columnar melamine sponge is longitudinally penetrated into a common hydrophobic foam, and floated on the water surface for evaporation;
(4)、该光热蒸发***可以在10倍太阳光和20wt％浓盐水下保持超过20h的稳定蒸发，蒸发表层不出现盐分结晶，蒸发效率几乎不变。(4) The photothermal evaporation system can maintain stable evaporation for more than 20 hours under 10 times sunlight and 20 wt% concentrated brine, and the evaporation surface layer does not exhibit salt crystallization, and the evaporation efficiency is almost unchanged.
综上所述，本发明提供的一种新型光热蒸发***及其制备方法，该***在蒸发过程中，通过吸水材料(即竖向吸水性海绵)不断向蒸发表层(即负载有光热转换材料的横向吸水性海绵)补充盐浓度较低的海水，同时，表层吸水材料中的浓盐水由于密度比下方稀盐水大，因此浓盐水将向下沉降并脱离吸水材料体系。这样的机制使得这类蒸发***在长时间海水淡化作业后依然不会有固体盐颗粒沉积在表面或者内部孔洞中，达到表面自清洁的效果，实现稳定、高效的光热海水淡化。In summary, the present invention provides a novel photothermal evaporation system and a preparation method thereof, which continuously illuminate the surface layer (ie, load with photothermal conversion) through a water absorbing material (ie, a vertical water absorbing sponge) during evaporation. The lateral absorbent sponge of the material) is supplemented with seawater having a lower salt concentration, and at the same time, the concentrated brine in the surface water absorbing material is larger in density than the lower brine, so the concentrated brine will settle downward and deviate from the water absorbing material system. Such a mechanism makes such an evaporation system still have no solid salt particles deposited on the surface or internal pores after a long-term seawater desalination operation, thereby achieving a self-cleaning effect on the surface, and achieving stable and efficient photothermal seawater desalination.
应当理解的是，本发明的应用不限于上述的举例，对本领域普通技术人员来说，可以根据上述说明加以改进或变换，所有这些改进和变换都应属于本发明所附权利要求的保护范围。It is to be understood that the application of the present invention is not limited to the above-described examples, and those skilled in the art can make modifications and changes in accordance with the above description, all of which are within the scope of the appended claims.

Claims (10)

  1. 一种光热蒸发***，其特征在于，包括吸水性海绵和轻质材料，所述吸水性海绵包括横向吸水性海绵和与所述横向吸水性海绵垂直设置的竖向吸水性海绵，所述横向吸水性海绵负载有光热转换材料，所述竖向吸水性海绵纵向贯穿于所述轻质材料中。A photothermal evaporation system comprising: a water-absorbent sponge comprising a lateral absorbent sponge and a vertical absorbent sponge disposed perpendicularly to the transverse absorbent sponge, the lightweight absorbent material The water-absorbing sponge is loaded with a photothermal conversion material, and the vertical water-absorbent sponge is longitudinally penetrated in the lightweight material.
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的光热蒸发***，其特征在于，所述光热转换材料为碳材料、贵金属纳米粒子、铁系光热材料、半导体光热材料和有机光热材料中的一种。The photothermal evaporation system according to claim 1, wherein the photothermal conversion material is one of a carbon material, a noble metal nanoparticle, an iron-based photothermal material, a semiconductor photothermal material, and an organic photothermal material.
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的光热蒸发***，其特征在于，所述吸水性海绵为三聚氰胺海绵、聚氨酯海绵和PVP海绵中的一种。The photothermal evaporation system according to claim 1, wherein the water absorbent sponge is one of a melamine sponge, a polyurethane sponge, and a PVP sponge.
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的光热蒸发***，其特征在于，所述轻质材料为疏水海绵、泡沫和木材中的一种。The photothermal evaporation system according to claim 1, wherein the lightweight material is one of a hydrophobic sponge, a foam, and wood.
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的光热蒸发***，其特征在于，所述横向吸水性海绵的厚度为3-5mm。The photothermal evaporation system according to claim 1, wherein the lateral water absorbent sponge has a thickness of from 3 to 5 mm.
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的光热蒸发***，其特征在于，所述竖向吸水性海绵的高度为2-3cm。The photothermal evaporation system according to claim 1, wherein said vertical water absorbent sponge has a height of 2-3 cm.
  7. 一种如权利要求1-6任一项所述的光热蒸发***的制备方法，其特征在于，包括：A method for preparing a photothermal evaporation system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising:
    步骤(1)、提供块状吸水性海绵和轻质材料；Step (1), providing a massive absorbent sponge and a lightweight material;
    步骤(2)、在所述块状吸水性海绵上沉积光热转换材料；Step (2), depositing a photothermal conversion material on the massive absorbent sponge;
    步骤(3)、将未负载光热转换材料的吸水性海绵部分切成柱状吸水性海绵；Step (3), cutting the water-absorbing sponge portion of the unloaded photothermal conversion material into a columnar water-absorbing sponge;
    步骤(4)、将所述柱状吸水性海绵纵向贯穿于所述轻质材料中，形成所述光热蒸发***。Step (4), the columnar water-absorbent sponge is longitudinally penetrated into the lightweight material to form the photothermal evaporation system.
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的光热蒸发***的制备方法，其特征在于，在所述块状吸水性海绵上沉积光热转换材料的方法包括步骤：将块状吸水性海绵吸取含氯金酸和柠檬酸钠的溶液，通过加热，在块状吸水性海绵上生长出金纳米颗粒。The method for preparing a photothermal evaporation system according to claim 7, wherein the method of depositing the photothermal conversion material on the massive absorbent sponge comprises the steps of: taking a block-like absorbent sponge to absorb chloroauric acid and A solution of sodium citrate, by heating, grows gold nanoparticles on a massive absorbent sponge.
  9. 根据权利要求7所述的光热蒸发***的制备方法，其特征在于，所述吸水性海绵为三聚氰胺海绵、聚氨酯海绵和PVP海绵中的一种。The method of preparing a photothermal evaporation system according to claim 7, wherein the water absorbent sponge is one of a melamine sponge, a polyurethane sponge, and a PVP sponge.
  10. 根据权利要求7所述的光热蒸发***的制备方法，其特征在于，所述轻质材料为疏水海绵、泡沫和木材中的一种。The method of preparing a photothermal evaporation system according to claim 7, wherein the lightweight material is one of a hydrophobic sponge, a foam, and a wood.
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