WO2019138176A1 - Cooling device for at least one motor vehicle battery - Google Patents

Cooling device for at least one motor vehicle battery Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019138176A1
WO2019138176A1 PCT/FR2019/050016 FR2019050016W WO2019138176A1 WO 2019138176 A1 WO2019138176 A1 WO 2019138176A1 FR 2019050016 W FR2019050016 W FR 2019050016W WO 2019138176 A1 WO2019138176 A1 WO 2019138176A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
battery
temperature
cooling
cooling device
dielectric fluid
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/FR2019/050016
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Victor Carvalho
Esteban CANDIA
Eric Droulez
Anne-Sylvie Magnier-Cathenod
Carlos Martins
Bastien Jovet
Original Assignee
Valeo Systemes Thermiques
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Valeo Systemes Thermiques filed Critical Valeo Systemes Thermiques
Priority to EP19703147.9A priority Critical patent/EP3732741A1/en
Publication of WO2019138176A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019138176A1/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/63—Control systems
    • H01M10/633—Control systems characterised by algorithms, flow charts, software details or the like
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
    • B60L50/64—Constructional details of batteries specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/00271—HVAC devices specially adapted for particular vehicle parts or components and being connected to the vehicle HVAC unit
    • B60H1/00278—HVAC devices specially adapted for particular vehicle parts or components and being connected to the vehicle HVAC unit for the battery
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K11/00—Arrangement in connection with cooling of propulsion units
    • B60K11/02—Arrangement in connection with cooling of propulsion units with liquid cooling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B60L3/0023—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
    • B60L3/0046—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to electric energy storage systems, e.g. batteries or capacitors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/24—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries
    • B60L58/26—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries by cooling
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/62—Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
    • H01M10/625—Vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/63—Control systems
    • H01M10/635—Control systems based on ambient temperature
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
    • H01M10/6556—Solid parts with flow channel passages or pipes for heat exchange
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
    • H01M10/6561—Gases
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
    • H01M10/6567—Liquids
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
    • H01M10/6567—Liquids
    • H01M10/6568—Liquids characterised by flow circuits, e.g. loops, located externally to the cells or cell casings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
    • H01M10/6569—Fluids undergoing a liquid-gas phase change or transition, e.g. evaporation or condensation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/66—Heat-exchange relationships between the cells and other systems, e.g. central heating systems or fuel cells
    • H01M10/663—Heat-exchange relationships between the cells and other systems, e.g. central heating systems or fuel cells the system being an air-conditioner or an engine
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/249—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders specially adapted for aircraft or vehicles, e.g. cars or trains
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/00271—HVAC devices specially adapted for particular vehicle parts or components and being connected to the vehicle HVAC unit
    • B60H2001/00307—Component temperature regulation using a liquid flow
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K2001/003—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units with means for cooling the electrical propulsion units
    • B60K2001/005—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units with means for cooling the electrical propulsion units the electric storage means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/54—Drive Train control parameters related to batteries
    • B60L2240/545—Temperature
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/60—Navigation input
    • B60L2240/66—Ambient conditions
    • B60L2240/662—Temperature
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/72—Electric energy management in electromobility
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/16—Information or communication technologies improving the operation of electric vehicles

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a cooling system of at least one motor vehicle battery.
  • the invention is particularly applicable for all electric or hybrid cars with a battery pack and an air conditioning system, and possibly a fast charging input batteries.
  • US8852772 discloses a lithium ion battery cooling system for use in a hybrid vehicle.
  • This system comprises a plurality of autonomous liquid cooling modules.
  • Each cooling module includes a plurality of battery cells having at least one fluid channel formed therebetween.
  • a dielectric fluid is disposed in at least one fluid channel. The dielectric fluid is in contact with the entire battery to heat and / or cool the entire battery.
  • a heating element may be disposed in the interior space and heats the dielectric fluid.
  • a cooling element is disposed in the interior space and cools the dielectric fluid.
  • the present invention aims to improve the known systems.
  • the subject of the invention is thus a cooling system for at least one motor vehicle battery, this system comprising:
  • a closed compartment arranged to receive a battery or battery cells
  • a cooling device arranged to cool the dielectric fluid, this cooling device comprising at least one channel in which a coolant fluid distinct from the dielectric fluid can circulate, this cooling device being arranged so as to allow cooling of the refrigerant, optionally parameter function, by ambient air, in particular with a radiator, or by heat exchange with a set of air conditioning, or also called air conditioning assembly, of the motor vehicle.
  • the battery cells are immersed in the dielectric fluid.
  • the cooling of the dielectric fluid may be a condensation of the fluid passed in the vapor phase.
  • the thermal management of the cooling system makes it possible to obtain a gain in autonomy by cooling more easily with the ambient ambient air without having recourse to the air conditioning assembly,
  • the cooling device is connected to a low temperature loop which comprises a heat exchanger, in particular a radiator, in which this refrigerant can circulate, the radiator being in contact with the ambient air.
  • the radiator is disposed on a front face of the vehicle.
  • the low temperature loop has no component to cool upstream of the cooling system of the battery.
  • the cooling device is connected to a heat exchanger, in particular a cooler or cbiüer, which is connected to the air conditioning assembly so that the coolant can be cooled by heat exchange with the fluid coolant of the set of air conditioning.
  • a heat exchanger in particular a cooler or cbiüer
  • the coolant is a liquid, in particular a brine.
  • the heat exchange can be effective, especially with respect to the blown air.
  • the compartment of the battery pack is essentially filled with dielectric fluid, in liquid or gaseous phase, without substantial presence of air. Thermal exchanges are mainly provided by the dielectric fluid.
  • the cooling device and the compartment form an integrated module, namely a set that can be handled as a whole, or otherwise says the cooling device and the compartment are not deported from each other .
  • the heat exchange between the cooling device and the compartment can be effective and the implementation can be relatively simple. It is thus possible to avoid additional ducts between the cooling device and the compartment that is intended to receive the battery or batteries or battery cells.
  • the dielectric fluid is in contact with the battery or batteries.
  • the dielectric fluid is arranged in the compartment at a negative pressure at usual temperatures. (about 30 °) and, in operation of the battery, the pressure is of the order of 0.5 bar at 20 ° C.
  • the compartment does not receive any electrical cooling device housed therein.
  • the cooling of the dielectric fluid is ensured by the heat exchange with the coolant fluid circulating in the cooling device, without the use of a possible electric cooling device housed in the compartment, this type of device could then generate an electrical overconsumption.
  • the dielectric fluid is maintained, during operation of the vehicle, at a temperature between 20 and 35 °, in particular about 30 °. This is a satisfactory compromise between the cooling potential in the ambient air and the thermal stresses imposed by the battery or cells.
  • the dielectric fluid is a fluid capable of changing phase during operation, in particular the fluid has a boiling point at 30 ° under the pressure conditions in the compartment, especially at 0.5 bar.
  • the cooling device comprises a condenser in contact with which the dielectric fluid, in the gas phase, can condense.
  • the condenser comprises a cold plate in contact with which dielectric fluid, in gaseous phase, can condense.
  • the channel in which the coolant fluid can circulate is formed on the condenser so as to cool it.
  • the temperature of the refrigerant as it passes through the condenser is preferably less than 30 °.
  • the system is arranged to cause the circulation of either in the radiator in contact with the ambient air or in the cooler connected to the air conditioning assembly of the vehicle according to at least one of the following parameters: the outside temperature, the temperature of the battery or batteries, the state of the vehicle represented for example by the speed of the vehicle, the charging power of the battery.
  • the fluid passing through the cooling device can be provided at higher temperatures than in a conventional system (about 15-20 ° C) for example a cold plate type system that has more heat resistance. It can therefore be cooled with liquid itself cooled by air to temperatures close to 25-30 ° C. This avoids frequent use of the air conditioning assembly that consumes energy.
  • the air conditioning assembly comprises:
  • the invention further relates to a method of cooling at least one battery or a motor vehicle battery pack, this method comprising the following steps:
  • a closed compartment arranged to receive a battery or battery cells, supplying a dielectric fluid present in the compartment so as to be able to cool the battery or the cells,
  • cooling device arranged to cool the dielectric fluid, said cooling device comprising at least one channel in which a heat transfer fluid distinct from the dielectric fluid can circulate,
  • the switching from one of the cooling modes to the other according to at least one of the following parameters: the external temperature, the temperature of the battery or batteries, the state of the vehicle represented for example by the speed of the vehicle, its consumption in charge or in discharge.
  • Said toggling can be conditioned by comparisons of the battery temperature or the outside temperature with a target or threshold temperature.
  • the method can comprise the following steps:
  • the liquid valve is directed towards the low temperature radiator and the refrigerant valve towards the cooler is in the closed position
  • the liquid valve is directed towards the cooler and the coolant valve towards the cooler is in the open position.
  • FIG. 1 schematically and partially illustrates a cooling system according to the invention and its environment
  • FIG. 2 schematically and partially illustrates the cooling system of FIG. 1,
  • FIG. 3 illustrates steps of the thermal management method.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 show a cooling system 1 for a motor vehicle battery pack 2, this system comprising:
  • a closed compartment 3 arranged to receive the battery cells 2,
  • a cooling device 5 arranged to cool the dielectric fluid 3, this cooling device 5 having a channel 8 in which a coolant fluid, distinct from the dielectric fluid 4, can circulate, this cooling device 5 being arranged so as to allow the cooling of the refrigerant, optionally depending on parameters, by ambient air or by heat exchange with an air conditioning assembly 10, or also called air conditioning assembly, of the motor vehicle.
  • the air conditioning assembly 10 may comprise, in known manner, an evaporator, a condenser, a compressor, a pressure reducer and valves (not shown).
  • the carrier fluid used in the air conditioning assembly 10 may be chosen from naming fluids 134a, 1234yf, or CO2.
  • the battery cells 2 comprise for example a plurality of lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries for use in a hybrid vehicle.
  • the plurality of battery cells are Li-ion batteries for use in a battery electric vehicle.
  • the cells of the battery 20 can be stacked.
  • the battery cells 2 are completely immersed in the dielectric fluid 4.
  • the cooling device 5 is connected to a low temperature loop 11 which comprises a heat exchanger, here a radiator 12, in which the refrigerant can circulate, the radiator being in contact with the ambient air.
  • a heat exchanger here a radiator 12
  • the radiator being in contact with the ambient air.
  • the radiator 12 is disposed on a front face of the vehicle so as to be cooled by the outside air 14 which circulates in its contact.
  • the cooling device 5 is connected to a heat exchanger, here a Chilean or Chilean cooler which is placed in the air conditioning assembly 10 so that the heat transfer fluid can be cooled by heat exchange with the radiator of the air conditioning assembly 10.
  • a heat exchanger here a Chilean or Chilean cooler which is placed in the air conditioning assembly 10 so that the heat transfer fluid can be cooled by heat exchange with the radiator of the air conditioning assembly 10.
  • the heat transfer fluid is a brine.
  • the compartment 3 can be formed to generate a vertical flow of dielectric fluid between the cells of the pack.
  • the cooling device 5 and the compartment 3 form an integrated module, namely an assembly that can be handled as a whole, or otherwise says the cooling device and the compartment are not deported. 'other.
  • the heat exchange between the cooling device and the compartment can be effective and the implementation can be relatively simple.
  • the cooling device 5 comprises a condenser 20 in contact with which the dielectric fluid 4, in the gas phase, can condense.
  • the condenser 20 comprises a cold plate, or several surfaces, in contact with which or dielectric fluid, in the gas phase, can condense.
  • the system 1 is arranged to cause the circulation of coolant fluid either in the radiator 12 in contact with the ambient air or in the cooler 15 connected to the air conditioning assembly 10 of the vehicle according to at least one of the following parameters : the outside temperature, the temperature of the battery or batteries, the state of the vehicle represented for example by the speed of the vehicle.
  • a pump 30 is provided downstream of the cooling device 5 for circulating the coolant fluid in this device 5.
  • a 3-way valve 31 is provided downstream of the cooling device 5 to send the refrigerant, depending on the operation, either to the cooler 15 (or chiller) is in the low temperature loop 11 (with a low temperature radiator).
  • the air conditioning assembly 10 comprises:
  • the branch 34 opens on a pressure reducer 36 arranged upstream of an evaporator 38.
  • the other branch 35 opens onto another expander 39 which is arranged upstream of the cooler 15.
  • Both regulators 36 and 39 are connected to the compressor 30.
  • An additional heating element of the coolant 50 is provided between the compressor 30 and the chiller 5, which may be an electric heater or a water-cooled heat exchanger for example.
  • the system 1 can cool the refrigerant, according to a cooling mode:
  • step 20 by ambient air using the low temperature loop 11 and thus the radiator 12 if the ambient temperature Tamb is less than 30 ° (step 20),
  • step 21 By heat exchange with the air conditioning assembly 10 of the motor vehicle if the ambient temperature Tamb is greater than about 30 ° (step 21). In this case, the air conditioning assembly 10 is running.
  • a fan of the car allows the passage of air without driving.
  • the ambient temperature is very low, mainly in winter, the battery will normally be at low temperature too.
  • the invention implements the following steps, especially to maintain the battery temperature below 30 °.
  • Step 100 Start
  • Step 101 Acquiring Outside Temperature Data and Battery Cell Temperature
  • Step 102 Determination if the temperature of the cells is higher than a target temperature Tcible
  • Step 103 If cell temperature is not higher than target, no need for cooling
  • Step 104 If the temperature of the cells is higher than the target, determining if the outside temperature is higher than a target temperature Tseuii
  • Step 105 if the outside temperature is not higher than Tseuii, evacuate the calories in the low temperature radiator 12
  • Step 106 the liquid valve is directed to the low temperature radiator 12 and the refrigerant valve 33 to the cooler 15 is in the closed position
  • Step 107 if the outside temperature is higher than Tseuii, evacuate the calories in the cooler 15
  • Step 108 The liquid valve is directed to the cooler 15 and the coolant valve 33 to the cooler 15 is in the open position.

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Abstract

The invention relates to a system (1) for cooling at least one motor vehicle battery (2), said system comprising: - a closed compartment (3) arranged to receive a battery (2), - a dielectric fluid (4) present in the compartment so as to be able to cool the battery, - a cooling device (5) arranged to cool the dielectric fluid, this cooling device comprising at least one channel in which a heat-transfer fluid separate from the dielectric fluid can flow, said cooling device being arranged so as to allow cooling of the heat-transfer fluid by ambient air or by heat exchange with an air-conditioning unit of the motor vehicle.

Description

Système de refroidissement d’au moins une batterie de véhicule automobile  Cooling system of at least one motor vehicle battery
La présente invention concerne un système de refroidissement d’au moins une batterie de véhicule automobile. The present invention relates to a cooling system of at least one motor vehicle battery.
L’invention est notamment applicable pour toutes les automobiles électriques ou hybrides avec un pack de batteries et un système de climatisation, et éventuellement une entrée de charge rapide des batteries.  The invention is particularly applicable for all electric or hybrid cars with a battery pack and an air conditioning system, and possibly a fast charging input batteries.
Le brevet US8852772 décrit un système de refroidissement de batterie au lithium-ion, destiné à être utilisé dans un véhicule hybride. Ce système comprend une pluralité de modules de refroidissement liquide autonomes. Chaque module de refroidissement comprend une pluralité de cellules de batterie ayant au moins un canal de fluide formé entre celles-ci. Un fluide diélectrique est disposé dans au moins un canal de fluide. Le fluide diélectrique est en contact avec l'ensemble de la batterie pour chauffer et/ou refroidir l'ensemble de la batterie. Un élément chauffant peut être disposé dans l'espace Intérieur et chauffe le fluide diélectrique. Un élément de refroidissement est disposé dans l'espace intérieur et refroidit le fluide diélectrique.  US8852772 discloses a lithium ion battery cooling system for use in a hybrid vehicle. This system comprises a plurality of autonomous liquid cooling modules. Each cooling module includes a plurality of battery cells having at least one fluid channel formed therebetween. A dielectric fluid is disposed in at least one fluid channel. The dielectric fluid is in contact with the entire battery to heat and / or cool the entire battery. A heating element may be disposed in the interior space and heats the dielectric fluid. A cooling element is disposed in the interior space and cools the dielectric fluid.
La demande de brevet FR3037727 et US2G170179551 A1 décrivent également un dispositif de refroidissement de batteries.  The patent application FR3037727 and US2G170179551 A1 also describe a battery cooling device.
La présente invention vise à améliorer les systèmes connus. The present invention aims to improve the known systems.
L’invention a ainsi pour objet un système de refroidissement d’au moins une batterie de véhicule automobile, ce système comportant :  The subject of the invention is thus a cooling system for at least one motor vehicle battery, this system comprising:
un compartiment fermé agencé pour recevoir une batterie ou des cellules de batteries,  a closed compartment arranged to receive a battery or battery cells,
un fluide diélectrique présent dans le compartiment de manière à pouvoir refroidir la batterie ou les cellules de batterie, un dispositif de refroidissement agencé pour refroidir le fluide diélectrique, ce dispositif de refroidissement comportant au moins un canal dans lequel peut circuler un fluide caioporteur distinct du fluide diélectrique, ce dispositif de refroidissement étant agencé de manière à permettre un refroidissement du réfrigérant, au choix en fonction de paramètres, par de l’air ambiant, notamment avec un radiateur, ou par échange thermique avec un ensembie de climatisation, ou encore appelé ensemble d’air conditionné, du véhicule automobile. a dielectric fluid present in the compartment so as to be able to cool the battery or the battery cells, a cooling device arranged to cool the dielectric fluid, this cooling device comprising at least one channel in which a coolant fluid distinct from the dielectric fluid can circulate, this cooling device being arranged so as to allow cooling of the refrigerant, optionally parameter function, by ambient air, in particular with a radiator, or by heat exchange with a set of air conditioning, or also called air conditioning assembly, of the motor vehicle.
De préférence, les cellules de batterie sont immergées dans le fluide diélectrique.  Preferably, the battery cells are immersed in the dielectric fluid.
Le refroidissement du fluide diélectrique peut être une condensation du fluide passé en phase vapeur.  The cooling of the dielectric fluid may be a condensation of the fluid passed in the vapor phase.
L’invention permet notamment d’atteindre les avantages suivants : The invention notably makes it possible to achieve the following advantages:
- ia gestion thermique du système de refroidissement permet d’obtenir un gain en autonomie en refroidissant plus facilement avec l’air ambiant extérieur sans avoir recours à l’ensemble de climatisation, the thermal management of the cooling system makes it possible to obtain a gain in autonomy by cooling more easily with the ambient ambient air without having recourse to the air conditioning assembly,
- maintenir la batterie, ou le cas échéant les cellules de batterie, à température de fonctionnement optimale lors d’une charge électrique rapide.  - keep the battery or, if applicable, the battery cells at the optimum operating temperature during a fast electrical charge.
Selon un aspect de l’invention, le dispositif de refroidissement est connecté à une boucle basse température qui comprend un échangeur de chaleur, notamment un radiateur, dans lequel peut circuler ce réfrigérant, le radiateur étant au contact de l’air ambiant.  According to one aspect of the invention, the cooling device is connected to a low temperature loop which comprises a heat exchanger, in particular a radiator, in which this refrigerant can circulate, the radiator being in contact with the ambient air.
Avantageusement le radiateur est disposé sur une face avant du véhicule. Selon un aspect de l'invention, la boucle basse température ne comporte pas de composant à refroidir en amont du système de refroidissement de la batterie. Advantageously, the radiator is disposed on a front face of the vehicle. According to one aspect of the invention, the low temperature loop has no component to cool upstream of the cooling system of the battery.
Selon un aspect de l’invention, le dispositif de refroidissement est connecté à un échangeur de chaleur, notamment un refroidisseur ou cbiüer, qui est relié à l’ensemble de climatisation de sorte que le fluide caloporteur puisse être refroidi par échange thermique avec le fluide caloporteur de l’ensemble de climatisation.  According to one aspect of the invention, the cooling device is connected to a heat exchanger, in particular a cooler or cbiüer, which is connected to the air conditioning assembly so that the coolant can be cooled by heat exchange with the fluid coolant of the set of air conditioning.
Selon un aspect de l’invention, le fluide caloporteur est un liquide, notamment une eau glycolée.  According to one aspect of the invention, the coolant is a liquid, in particular a brine.
Ainsi les échanges thermiques peuvent être efficaces, notamment par rapport à de l’air soufflé.  Thus the heat exchange can be effective, especially with respect to the blown air.
Selon un aspect de l’invention, le compartiment du pack batterie est essentiellement rempli de fluide diélectrique, en phase liquide ou gazeuse, sans présence substantielle d’air. Les échanges thermiques sont assurés principalement par le fluide diélectrique.  According to one aspect of the invention, the compartment of the battery pack is essentially filled with dielectric fluid, in liquid or gaseous phase, without substantial presence of air. Thermal exchanges are mainly provided by the dielectric fluid.
Selon un aspect de l’invention, le dispositif de refroidissement et le compartiment forment un module intégré, à savoir un ensemble manipulable comme un tout, ou dit autrement le dispositif de refroidissement et le compartiment ne sont pas déportés l’un de l’autre. Ainsi les échanges thermiques entre le dispositif de refroidissement et le compartiment peuvent être efficaces et la mise en œuvre peut être relativement simple. On peut ainsi éviter des conduits supplémentaires entre le dispositif de refroidissement et le compartiment qui est destiné à recevoir la ou les batteries, ou les cellules de batterie.  According to one aspect of the invention, the cooling device and the compartment form an integrated module, namely a set that can be handled as a whole, or otherwise says the cooling device and the compartment are not deported from each other . Thus the heat exchange between the cooling device and the compartment can be effective and the implementation can be relatively simple. It is thus possible to avoid additional ducts between the cooling device and the compartment that is intended to receive the battery or batteries or battery cells.
Selon un aspect de l’invention, le fluide diélectrique est en contact avec le ou les batteries, ou les cellules de batterie.  According to one aspect of the invention, the dielectric fluid is in contact with the battery or batteries.
Selon un aspect de l’invention, le fluide diélectrique est agencé dans le compartiment à une pression négative aux températures usuelles (environ 30°) et, en opération de la batterie, la pression est de l’ordre de 0.5 bar à 20°C. According to one aspect of the invention, the dielectric fluid is arranged in the compartment at a negative pressure at usual temperatures. (about 30 °) and, in operation of the battery, the pressure is of the order of 0.5 bar at 20 ° C.
Selon un aspect de l’invention, le compartiment ne reçoit aucun dispositif de refroidissement électrique logé en son sein. Le refroidissement du fluide diélectrique est assuré par les échanges thermiques avec le fluide caioporteur circulant dans le dispositif de refroidissement, sans faire appel à un éventuel dispositif de refroidissement électrique logé dans le compartiment, ce type de dispositif pourrait alors générer une surconsommation électrique. According to one aspect of the invention, the compartment does not receive any electrical cooling device housed therein. The cooling of the dielectric fluid is ensured by the heat exchange with the coolant fluid circulating in the cooling device, without the use of a possible electric cooling device housed in the compartment, this type of device could then generate an electrical overconsumption.
Selon un aspect de l’invention, le fluide diélectrique est maintenu, lors du fonctionnement du véhicule, à une température comprise entre 20 et 35°, notamment d’environ 30°. Ceci est un compromis satisfaisant entre le potentiel de refroidissement à l’air ambiant et les contraintes thermiques imposées par la ou les batteries, ou les cellules.  According to one aspect of the invention, the dielectric fluid is maintained, during operation of the vehicle, at a temperature between 20 and 35 °, in particular about 30 °. This is a satisfactory compromise between the cooling potential in the ambient air and the thermal stresses imposed by the battery or cells.
Selon un aspect de l’invention, le fluide diélectrique est un fluide capable de changer de phase lors du fonctionnement, notamment le fluide présente un point d’ébullition à 30° dans les conditions de pression dans le compartiment, notamment à 0.5 bar.  According to one aspect of the invention, the dielectric fluid is a fluid capable of changing phase during operation, in particular the fluid has a boiling point at 30 ° under the pressure conditions in the compartment, especially at 0.5 bar.
Selon un aspect de l’Invention, le dispositif de refroidissement comporte un condenseur au contact duquel du fluide diélectrique, en phase gazeuse, peut se condenser.  According to one aspect of the invention, the cooling device comprises a condenser in contact with which the dielectric fluid, in the gas phase, can condense.
Selon un aspect de l’invention, le condenseur comporte une plaque froide au contact de laquelle du fluide diélectrique, en phase gazeuse, peut se condenser.  According to one aspect of the invention, the condenser comprises a cold plate in contact with which dielectric fluid, in gaseous phase, can condense.
Selon un aspect de l’invention, le canal dans lequel peut circuler le fluide caioporteur est formé sur le condenseur de manière à refroidir celui- ci. La température du réfrigérant, lorsqu’il passe dans le condenseur, est de préférence inférieure à 30°. Selon un aspect de l'invention, le système est agencé pour provoquer la circulation de soit dans le radiateur en contact avec l’air ambiant soit dans le refroidisseur connecté à l’ensemble de climatisation du véhicule en fonction de l’un au moins des paramètres suivants : la température extérieure, la température de la ou des batteries, de l'état du véhicule représenté par exemple par la vitesse du véhicule, la puissance de charge de la batterie. According to one aspect of the invention, the channel in which the coolant fluid can circulate is formed on the condenser so as to cool it. The temperature of the refrigerant as it passes through the condenser is preferably less than 30 °. According to one aspect of the invention, the system is arranged to cause the circulation of either in the radiator in contact with the ambient air or in the cooler connected to the air conditioning assembly of the vehicle according to at least one of the following parameters: the outside temperature, the temperature of the battery or batteries, the state of the vehicle represented for example by the speed of the vehicle, the charging power of the battery.
Compte tenu du contact direct avec la batterie, ou les cellules de batterie, et de la température d’environ 30° à laquelle est maintenu le fluide diélectrique, le fluide traversant le dispositif de refroidissement peut être prévu à des températures plus élevées que dans un système classique (environ 15-20°C) par exemple un système de type plaques froides qui présente plus de résistance thermique. On peut donc refroidir avec du liquide lui-même refroidi par de l’air jusqu’à des températures proches de 25-30°C. Ceci permet d’éviter un usage fréquent de l'ensemble de climatisation qui consomme de l’énergie.  Given the direct contact with the battery, or the battery cells, and the temperature of about 30 ° at which the dielectric fluid is held, the fluid passing through the cooling device can be provided at higher temperatures than in a conventional system (about 15-20 ° C) for example a cold plate type system that has more heat resistance. It can therefore be cooled with liquid itself cooled by air to temperatures close to 25-30 ° C. This avoids frequent use of the air conditioning assembly that consumes energy.
Selon un aspect de l’invention, l’ensemble de climatisation comporte :  According to one aspect of the invention, the air conditioning assembly comprises:
- un compresseur pour comprimer le réfrigérant,  a compressor for compressing the refrigerant,
- un condenseur en aval du compresseur et placé sur le chemin d’air de préférence derrière le radiateur,  a condenser downstream of the compressor and placed on the air path, preferably behind the radiator,
- deux vannes sur deux branches parallèles qui sont en aval du condenseur.  two valves on two parallel branches which are downstream of the condenser.
L’invention a encore pour objet un procédé de refroidissement d’au moins une batterie ou un pack batterie de véhicule automobile, ce procédé comportant les étapes suivantes : The invention further relates to a method of cooling at least one battery or a motor vehicle battery pack, this method comprising the following steps:
fournir un compartiment fermé agencé pour recevoir une batterie ou des cellules de batterie, fournir un fluide diélectrique présent dans ie compartiment de manière à pouvoir refroidir la batterie ou les cellules, provide a closed compartment arranged to receive a battery or battery cells, supplying a dielectric fluid present in the compartment so as to be able to cool the battery or the cells,
fournir un dispositif de refroidissement agencé pour refroidir ie fluide diélectrique, ce dispositif de refroidissement comportant au moins un canal dans lequel peut circuler un fluide caloporteur distinct du fluide diélectrique,  providing a cooling device arranged to cool the dielectric fluid, said cooling device comprising at least one channel in which a heat transfer fluid distinct from the dielectric fluid can circulate,
refroidir ie réfrigérant, selon un mode de refroidissement, par de l'air ambiant ou, selon un autre mode de refroidissement, par échange thermique avec un ensemble de climatisation du véhicule automobile,  cooling the refrigerant, according to a cooling mode, with ambient air or, according to another cooling method, by heat exchange with an air conditioning assembly of the motor vehicle,
basculer de i’un des modes de refroidissement à l’autre en fonction de l’un au moins des paramètres suivants : la température extérieure, la température de la ou des batteries, de l’état du véhicule représenté par exemple par la vitesse du véhicule, sa consommation en charge ou en décharge.  switching from one of the cooling modes to the other according to at least one of the following parameters: the external temperature, the temperature of the battery or batteries, the state of the vehicle represented for example by the speed of the vehicle, its consumption in charge or in discharge.
Ledit basculement peut être conditionné par des comparaisons de la température de batterie ou de la température extérieure avec une température Cible ou Seuil. Said toggling can be conditioned by comparisons of the battery temperature or the outside temperature with a target or threshold temperature.
Le procédé peut comporter les étapes suivantes :  The method can comprise the following steps:
- Acquisition de données de température extérieure et température des cellules de batterie  - Acquisition of external temperature data and temperature of battery cells
Détermination si la température des cellules est supérieure à une température cible Tcible  Determination if the temperature of the cells is higher than a target temperature Tcible
si la température des cellules n’est pas supérieure à Tcible, pas de besoin de refroidissement  if the cell temperature is not higher than the target, no need for cooling
si la température des cellules est supérieure à Tcible, détermination si la température extérieure est supérieure à une température cible Tseuil - si la température extérieure n’est pas supérieure à Tseuil, évacuation des calories dans le radiateur basse températureif the temperature of the cells is higher than the target, determine if the outside temperature is higher than a target temperature Tseuil - if the outside temperature is not higher than Tseuil, calorie evacuation in the low temperature radiator
- la vanne liquide est orientée vers le radiateur basse température et la vanne réfrigérant vers le refroidisseur est en position fermée the liquid valve is directed towards the low temperature radiator and the refrigerant valve towards the cooler is in the closed position
- si la température extérieure est supérieure à Tseuil, évacuation des calories dans le refroidisseur  - if the outside temperature is higher than Tseuil, evacuation of calories in the cooler
- la vanne liquide est orientée vers le refroidisseur et la vanne réfrigérant vers le refroidisseur est en position ouverte.  the liquid valve is directed towards the cooler and the coolant valve towards the cooler is in the open position.
L’invention sera mieux comprise et d’autres détails, caractéristiques et avantages de l’invention apparaîtront à la lecture de la description suivante faite à titre d’exemples non limitatifs en référence au dessin annexé dans lequel : The invention will be better understood and other details, characteristics and advantages of the invention will become apparent on reading the following description given by way of nonlimiting example with reference to the appended drawing in which:
- la figure 1 illustre, schématiquement et partieliement, un système de refroidissement selon l’invention et son environnement,  FIG. 1 schematically and partially illustrates a cooling system according to the invention and its environment,
- la figure 2 illustre, schématiquement et partiellement, le système de refroidissement de la figure 1 ,  FIG. 2 schematically and partially illustrates the cooling system of FIG. 1,
- la figure 3 illustre des étapes du procédé de gestion thermique.  FIG. 3 illustrates steps of the thermal management method.
On a représenté sur les figures 1 et 2 un système de refroidissement 1 d’un pack batterie 2 de véhicule automobile, ce système comportant : FIGS. 1 and 2 show a cooling system 1 for a motor vehicle battery pack 2, this system comprising:
- un compartiment fermé 3 agencé pour recevoir les cellules de batterie 2,  a closed compartment 3 arranged to receive the battery cells 2,
un fluide diélectrique 4 présent dans le compartiment 3 de manière à pouvoir refroidir les cellules de batterie,  a dielectric fluid 4 present in the compartment 3 so as to be able to cool the battery cells,
un dispositif de refroidissement 5 agencé pour refroidir le fluide diélectrique 3, ce dispositif de refroidissement 5 comportant un canal 8 dans lequel peut circuler un fluide caioporteur distinct du fluide diélectrique 4, ce dispositif de refroidissement 5 étant agencé de manière à permettre un refroidissement du réfrigérant, au choix en fonction de paramètres, par de l’air ambiant ou par échange thermique avec un ensemble de climatisation 10, ou encore appelé ensemble d'air conditionné, du véhicule automobile. a cooling device 5 arranged to cool the dielectric fluid 3, this cooling device 5 having a channel 8 in which a coolant fluid, distinct from the dielectric fluid 4, can circulate, this cooling device 5 being arranged so as to allow the cooling of the refrigerant, optionally depending on parameters, by ambient air or by heat exchange with an air conditioning assembly 10, or also called air conditioning assembly, of the motor vehicle.
L’ensemble de climatisation 10 peut comporter, de manière connue, un évaporateur, un condenseur, un compresseur, un détendeur et des vannes (non représentés). The air conditioning assembly 10 may comprise, in known manner, an evaporator, a condenser, a compressor, a pressure reducer and valves (not shown).
Le fluide caioporteur utilisé dans l’ensemble de climatisation 10 peut être choisi parmi les fluides d’appellation 134a, 1234yf, ou C02.  The carrier fluid used in the air conditioning assembly 10 may be chosen from naming fluids 134a, 1234yf, or CO2.
Les cellules de batterie 2 comprennent par exemple une pluralité de batteries au lithium-ion (Li-ion) pour une utilisation dans un véhicule hybride. Dans un autre mode de réalisation, la pluralité de cellules de batterie sont des batteries Li-ion pour une utilisation dans un véhicule électrique à batterie.  The battery cells 2 comprise for example a plurality of lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries for use in a hybrid vehicle. In another embodiment, the plurality of battery cells are Li-ion batteries for use in a battery electric vehicle.
Les cellules de la batterie 20 peuvent être empilées. The cells of the battery 20 can be stacked.
Les cellules de batterie 2 sont complètement immergées dans le fluide diélectrique 4. The battery cells 2 are completely immersed in the dielectric fluid 4.
Le dispositif de refroidissement 5 est connecté à une boucle basse température 11 qui comprend un échangeur de chaleur, ici un radiateur 12, dans lequel peut circuler le réfrigérant, le radiateur étant au contact de l’air ambiant.  The cooling device 5 is connected to a low temperature loop 11 which comprises a heat exchanger, here a radiator 12, in which the refrigerant can circulate, the radiator being in contact with the ambient air.
Le radiateur 12 est disposé sur une face avant du véhicule de manière à pouvoir être refroidi par l’air extérieur 14 qui circule à son contact. The radiator 12 is disposed on a front face of the vehicle so as to be cooled by the outside air 14 which circulates in its contact.
Par ailleurs, le dispositif de refroidissement 5 est connecté à un échangeur de chaleur, ici un refroidisseur 15 ou chilien qui est placé dans l’ensemble de climatisation 10 de sorte que le fluide caioporteur puisse être refroidi par échange thermique avec le radiateur de l’ensemble de climatisation 10. Moreover, the cooling device 5 is connected to a heat exchanger, here a Chilean or Chilean cooler which is placed in the air conditioning assembly 10 so that the heat transfer fluid can be cooled by heat exchange with the radiator of the air conditioning assembly 10.
Le fluide caioporteur est une eau glycolée.  The heat transfer fluid is a brine.
Le compartiment 3 peut être formé pour générer une circulation verticale de fluide diélectrique entre les cellules du pack.  The compartment 3 can be formed to generate a vertical flow of dielectric fluid between the cells of the pack.
Selon un aspect de l’invention, le dispositif de refroidissement 5 et le compartiment 3 forment un module intégré, à savoir un ensemble manipulable comme un tout, ou dit autrement le dispositif de refroidissement et le compartiment ne sont pas déportés l’un de l’autre. Ainsi les échanges thermiques entre le dispositif de refroidissement et le compartiment peuvent être efficaces et la mise en œuvre peut être relativement simple.  According to one aspect of the invention, the cooling device 5 and the compartment 3 form an integrated module, namely an assembly that can be handled as a whole, or otherwise says the cooling device and the compartment are not deported. 'other. Thus the heat exchange between the cooling device and the compartment can be effective and the implementation can be relatively simple.
Le dispositif de refroidissement 5 comporte un condenseur 20 au contact duquel du fluide diélectrique 4, en phase gazeuse, peut se condenser. Le condenseur 20 comporte une plaque froide, ou plusieurs surfaces, au contact de laquelle ou desquelles du fluide diélectrique, en phase gazeuse, peut se condenser. The cooling device 5 comprises a condenser 20 in contact with which the dielectric fluid 4, in the gas phase, can condense. The condenser 20 comprises a cold plate, or several surfaces, in contact with which or dielectric fluid, in the gas phase, can condense.
Le système 1 est agencé pour provoquer la circulation de fluide caioporteur soit dans le radiateur 12 en contact avec l’air ambiant soit dans le refroidisseur 15 connecté à l’ensemble de climatisation 10 du véhicule en fonction de l’un au moins des paramètres suivants : la température extérieure, la température de la ou des batteries, de l’état du véhicule représenté par exemple par la vitesse du véhicule.  The system 1 is arranged to cause the circulation of coolant fluid either in the radiator 12 in contact with the ambient air or in the cooler 15 connected to the air conditioning assembly 10 of the vehicle according to at least one of the following parameters : the outside temperature, the temperature of the battery or batteries, the state of the vehicle represented for example by the speed of the vehicle.
Une pompe 30 est prévue en aval du dispositif de refroidissement 5 pour faire circuler le fluide caioporteur dans ce dispositif 5.  A pump 30 is provided downstream of the cooling device 5 for circulating the coolant fluid in this device 5.
Une vanne 3 voies 31 est prévue en aval du dispositif de refroidissement 5 pour envoyer le réfrigérant, selon le fonctionnement, soit vers le refroid isseur 15 (ou chiller) soit dans la boucle basse température 11 (avec un radiateur basse température). A 3-way valve 31 is provided downstream of the cooling device 5 to send the refrigerant, depending on the operation, either to the cooler 15 (or chiller) is in the low temperature loop 11 (with a low temperature radiator).
L'ensemble de climatisation 10 comporte :  The air conditioning assembly 10 comprises:
- un compresseur 30 pour comprimer le réfrigérant,  a compressor 30 for compressing the refrigerant,
- un condenseur 31 en aval du compresseur 30 et placé sur le chemin d’air 14 de préférence derrière le radiateur 12, a condenser 31 downstream of the compressor 30 and placed on the air path 14, preferably behind the radiator 12,
- deux vannes 32 et 33 sur deux branches parallèles 34 et 35 qui sont en aval du condenseur 31. two valves 32 and 33 on two parallel branches 34 and 35 which are downstream of the condenser 31.
La branche 34 débouche sur un détendeur 36 disposé en amont d’un évaporateur 38.  The branch 34 opens on a pressure reducer 36 arranged upstream of an evaporator 38.
L’autre branche 35 débouche sur un autre détendeur 39 qui est disposé en amont du refroidisseur 15.  The other branch 35 opens onto another expander 39 which is arranged upstream of the cooler 15.
Les deux détendeurs 36 et 39 sont connectés au compresseur 30. Both regulators 36 and 39 are connected to the compressor 30.
Un élément de chauffage additionnel du fluide caloporteur 50 est prévu entre le compresseur 30 et le chiller 5, qui peut être un chauffage électrique ou un échangeur de chaleur de type condenseur à eau par exemple. An additional heating element of the coolant 50 is provided between the compressor 30 and the chiller 5, which may be an electric heater or a water-cooled heat exchanger for example.
Lors du roulage ou de la charge électrique du véhicule, le système 1 permet de refroidir le réfrigérant, selon un mode de refroidissement :  When driving or the electrical load of the vehicle, the system 1 can cool the refrigerant, according to a cooling mode:
- par de l’air ambiant en utilisant la boucle basse température 11 et ainsi le radiateur 12 si la température ambiante Tamb est inférieure à 30° (étape 20),  by ambient air using the low temperature loop 11 and thus the radiator 12 if the ambient temperature Tamb is less than 30 ° (step 20),
- par échange thermique avec l’ensemble de climatisation 10 du véhicule automobile si la température ambiante Tamb est supérieure à 30° environ (étape 21 ). Dans ce cas, l’ensemble de climatisation 10 est en marche.  - By heat exchange with the air conditioning assembly 10 of the motor vehicle if the ambient temperature Tamb is greater than about 30 ° (step 21). In this case, the air conditioning assembly 10 is running.
Il est possible de prévoir qu’un ventilateur de la voiture permet le passage d’air sans roulage. Dans le cas d’un démarrage à froid, lorsque la température ambiante est très basse, principalement en hiver, la batterie sera normalement à basse température aussi. It is possible to provide that a fan of the car allows the passage of air without driving. In the case of a cold start, when the ambient temperature is very low, mainly in winter, the battery will normally be at low temperature too.
Lors d’une charge rapide ou ultra-rapide de batteries, comme illustré sur la figure 3, l’invention met en œuvre les étapes suivantes, notamment pour maintenir ia température de batterie en dessous de 30°.  During rapid or rapid charge of batteries, as illustrated in Figure 3, the invention implements the following steps, especially to maintain the battery temperature below 30 °.
Etape 100 : Début  Step 100: Start
Etape 101 : Acquisition de données de température extérieure et température des cellules de batterie  Step 101: Acquiring Outside Temperature Data and Battery Cell Temperature
Etape 102 : Détermination si la température des cellules est supérieure à une température cible Tcible  Step 102: Determination if the temperature of the cells is higher than a target temperature Tcible
Etape 103 : si la température des cellules n’est pas supérieure à Tcible, pas de besoin de refroidissement  Step 103: If cell temperature is not higher than target, no need for cooling
Etape 104 : si la température des cellules est supérieure à Tcible, détermination si la température extérieure est supérieure à une température cible Tseuii Step 104: If the temperature of the cells is higher than the target, determining if the outside temperature is higher than a target temperature Tseuii
Etape 105 : si la température extérieure n’est pas supérieure à Tseuii, évacuation des calories dans le radiateur basse température 12  Step 105: if the outside temperature is not higher than Tseuii, evacuate the calories in the low temperature radiator 12
Etape 106 : ia vanne liquide est orientée vers le radiateur basse température 12 et la vanne réfrigérant 33 vers le refroidisseur 15 est en position fermée  Step 106: the liquid valve is directed to the low temperature radiator 12 and the refrigerant valve 33 to the cooler 15 is in the closed position
Etape 107 : si la température extérieure est supérieure à Tseuii, évacuation des calories dans le refroidisseur 15 Step 107: if the outside temperature is higher than Tseuii, evacuate the calories in the cooler 15
Etape 108 : la vanne liquide est orientée vers le refroidisseur 15 et la vanne réfrigérant 33 vers le refroidisseur 15 est en position ouverte.  Step 108: The liquid valve is directed to the cooler 15 and the coolant valve 33 to the cooler 15 is in the open position.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Système de refroidissement (1 ) d'au moins une batterie (2) de véhicule automobile, ce système comportant : 1. Cooling system (1) of at least one battery (2) of a motor vehicle, this system comprising:
un compartiment fermé (3) agencé pour recevoir une batterie ou des cellules de batterie(2),  a closed compartment (3) arranged to receive a battery or battery cells (2),
un fluide diélectrique (4) présent dans le compartiment de manière à pouvoir refroidir la batterie,  a dielectric fluid (4) present in the compartment so as to cool the battery,
un dispositif de refroidissement (5) agencé pour refroidir le fluide diélectrique, ce dispositif de refroidissement comportant au moins un canal dans lequel peut circuler un fluide caioporteur distinct du fluide diélectrique, ce dispositif de refroidissement étant agencé de manière à permettre un refroidissement du réfrigérant, au choix en fonction de paramètres, par de l'air ambiant ou par échange thermique avec un ensemble de climatisation, ou encore appelé ensemble d’air conditionné, du véhicule automobile.  a cooling device (5) arranged to cool the dielectric fluid, this cooling device comprising at least one channel in which a coolant fluid distinct from the dielectric fluid can flow, this cooling device being arranged so as to allow cooling of the refrigerant, optionally depending on parameters, by ambient air or by heat exchange with an air conditioning unit, or also called air conditioning unit, of the motor vehicle.
2. Système selon la revendication précédente, dans lequel le dispositif de refroidissement est connecté à une boucle basse température (1 1 ) qui comprend un échangeur de chaleur, notamment un radiateur (12), dans lequel peut circuler ce réfrigérant, le radiateur étant au contact de l’air ambiant. 2. System according to the preceding claim, wherein the cooling device is connected to a low temperature loop (1 1) which comprises a heat exchanger, in particular a radiator (12), in which can circulate this refrigerant, the radiator being at contact with ambient air.
3. Système selon l’une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel le dispositif de refroidissement (5) est connecté à un échangeur de chaleur, notamment un refroidisseur (15) ou chilier, qui est relié à l’ensemble de climatisation (10) de sorte que le fluide caioporteur puisse être refroidi par échange thermique avec l’ensemble de climatisation. 3. System according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the cooling device (5) is connected to a heat exchanger, in particular a cooler (15) or chiller, which is connected to the air conditioning assembly (10) of so that the coolant fluid can be cooled by heat exchange with the air conditioning assembly.
4. Système selon l’une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel le compartiment (3) est rempli de fluide diélectrique, en phase liquide ou gazeuse. 4. System according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the compartment (3) is filled with dielectric fluid in the liquid or gaseous phase.
5. Système selon l’une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel le dispositif de refroidissement (5) et le compartiment (3) forment un module intégré. 5. System according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the cooling device (5) and the compartment (3) form an integrated module.
6. Système selon l’une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel le fluide diélectrique est un fluide capable de changer de phase lors du fonctionnement, notamment le fluide présente un point d’ébullition à ou proche de 30°C 6. System according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the dielectric fluid is a fluid capable of changing phase during operation, in particular the fluid has a boiling point at or near 30 ° C.
7. Système selon l’une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel le dispositif de refroidissement comporte un condenseur (20) au contact duquel du fluide diélectrique, en phase gazeuse, peut se condenser. 7. System according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the cooling device comprises a condenser (20) in contact with which dielectric fluid in the gas phase can condense.
8. Système selon la revendication précédente, dans lequel le condenseur comporte une plaque froide au contact de laquelle du fluide diélectrique, en phase gazeuse, peut se condenser. 8. System according to the preceding claim, wherein the condenser comprises a cold plate in contact with which dielectric fluid in the gas phase can condense.
9. Système selon l’une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel l'ensemble de climatisation (10) comporte : 9. System according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the air conditioning assembly (10) comprises:
un compresseur (30) pour comprimer le réfrigérant,  a compressor (30) for compressing the refrigerant,
- un condenseur (31 ) en aval du compresseur (30) et placé sur le chemin d’air (14) de préférence derrière le radiateur (12),  a condenser (31) downstream of the compressor (30) and placed on the air path (14), preferably behind the radiator (12),
- deux vannes (32) et (33) sur deux branches parallèles (34) et (35) qui sont en aval du condenseur (31 ).  two valves (32) and (33) on two parallel branches (34) and (35) which are downstream of the condenser (31).
10. Procédé de refroidissement d’au moins une batterie ou un pack batterie de véhicule automobile, ce procédé comportant les étapes suivantes : 10. A method of cooling at least one battery or a battery pack of a motor vehicle, this method comprising the following steps:
fournir un compartiment (3) fermé agencé pour recevoir une batterie ou un pack batterie,  provide a compartment (3) closed arranged to receive a battery or a battery pack,
fournir un fluide diélectrique présent dans le compartiment de manière à pouvoir refroidir la batterie,  supply a dielectric fluid present in the compartment so as to cool the battery,
fournir un dispositif de refroidissement (5) agencé pour refroidir le fluide diélectrique, ce dispositif de refroidissement comportant au moins un canal dans lequel peut circuler un fluide caloporteur distinct du fluide diélectrique,  providing a cooling device (5) arranged to cool the dielectric fluid, said cooling device comprising at least one channel in which a heat transfer fluid distinct from the dielectric fluid can circulate,
refroidir le réfrigérant, selon un mode de refroidissement, par de l’air ambiant ou, selon un autre mode de refroidissement, par échange thermique avec un ensemble de climatisation (10) du véhicule automobile, basculer de l’un des modes de refroidissement à l’autre en fonction de l’un au moins des paramètres suivants : la température extérieure, la température de la ou des batteries, de l’état du véhicule représenté par exemple par la vitesse du véhicule, sa consommation en charge ou en décharge. cooling the refrigerant in a cooling mode, by ambient air or, as another method of cooling by heat exchange with a set of air-conditioning (10) of the motor vehicle, to switch from one of the cooling modes to another according to at least one of the following parameters: the external temperature, the temperature of the battery or batteries, the state of the vehicle represented for example by the speed of the vehicle, its consumption in charge or in discharge.
1 1. Procédé selon la revendication précédente, comportant les étapes suivantes : 1. Method according to the preceding claim, comprising the following steps:
- Acquisition de données de température extérieure et température des cellules de batterie  - Acquisition of external temperature data and temperature of battery cells
- Détermination si la température des cellules est supérieure à une température cible Tcible  - Determination if the temperature of the cells is higher than a target temperature Tcible
- si la température des cellules n’est pas supérieure à Tcible, pas de besoin de refroidissement  - if the temperature of the cells is not higher than the target, no need for cooling
- si la température des cellules est supérieure à Tcible, détermination si la température extérieure est supérieure à une température cible Tseuil - if the temperature of the cells is higher than Tcible, determining if the outside temperature is higher than a target temperature Tseuil
- si la température extérieure n’est pas supérieure à Tseuil, évacuation des calories dans le radiateur basse température (12) - if the outside temperature is not higher than Tseuil, evacuation of calories in the low temperature radiator (12)
- la vanne liquide est orientée vers le radiateur basse température (12) et la vanne réfrigérant (33) vers le refroldisseur (15) est en position fermée si la température extérieure est supérieure à Tseuil, évacuation des calories dans le refroldisseur (15)  - the liquid valve is directed towards the low temperature radiator (12) and the refrigerant valve (33) towards the cooler (15) is in the closed position if the outside temperature is higher than Tseuil, evacuation of the calories in the cooler (15)
- la vanne liquide est orientée vers le refroldisseur (15) et la vanne réfrigérant (33) vers le refroldisseur (15) est en position ouverte.  - The liquid valve is directed to the cooler (15) and the refrigerant valve (33) to the cooler (15) is in the open position.
PCT/FR2019/050016 2018-01-10 2019-01-04 Cooling device for at least one motor vehicle battery WO2019138176A1 (en)

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