WO2019134123A1 - 一种开关电源电路 - Google Patents

一种开关电源电路 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019134123A1
WO2019134123A1 PCT/CN2018/071593 CN2018071593W WO2019134123A1 WO 2019134123 A1 WO2019134123 A1 WO 2019134123A1 CN 2018071593 W CN2018071593 W CN 2018071593W WO 2019134123 A1 WO2019134123 A1 WO 2019134123A1
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Prior art keywords
circuit
power supply
low voltage
filter
capacitor
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PCT/CN2018/071593
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
孟加顷
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孟加顷
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Priority to PCT/CN2018/071593 priority Critical patent/WO2019134123A1/zh
Publication of WO2019134123A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019134123A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33507—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of the output voltage or current, e.g. flyback converters
    • H02M3/33523—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of the output voltage or current, e.g. flyback converters with galvanic isolation between input and output of both the power stage and the feedback loop
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0067—Converter structures employing plural converter units, other than for parallel operation of the units on a single load
    • H02M1/007—Plural converter units in cascade
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/12—Arrangements for reducing harmonics from ac input or output
    • H02M1/123—Suppression of common mode voltage or current
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/12—Arrangements for reducing harmonics from ac input or output
    • H02M1/126—Arrangements for reducing harmonics from ac input or output using passive filters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/32—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
    • H02M1/34—Snubber circuits
    • H02M1/348—Passive dissipative snubbers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/44—Circuits or arrangements for compensating for electromagnetic interference in converters or inverters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/06—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes without control electrode or semiconductor devices without control electrode

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of electrical equipment power supply, in particular to a switching power supply circuit.
  • a high frequency filtering portion composed of an X capacitor and a discharge resistor is generally used at an input end of the AC power source. Since an unreasonable safety test standard has been used (the capacitor discharge device of the primary circuit should be designed to be disconnected outside the AC power supply, minimizing the electric shock caused by the charge stored in the capacitor connected to the primary circuit) DANGER, check the equipment and the relevant circuit diagram to verify its eligibility. Check that the on/off switch may be in any position when the power is turned off. If there is any capacitor in the equipment, the indicated or nominal capacity exceeds 0.1.
  • PWM pulse width modulation
  • the equipment should be considered qualified: - for Type A pluggable devices: 1 second; and - for permanent connections Device and type B pluggable device: 10 seconds; the relevant time constant refers to the product of equivalent capacitance (uF) and equivalent discharge resistance (M ⁇ ), if measured If it is difficult to determine the equivalent capacitance and resistance value, the voltage attenuation can be measured at the external disconnect point. Note: After a period equal to a time constant, the voltage will decay to 37% of the initial value, so that this part of the filter is resistant.
  • the interference effect is extremely limited, because under the current test standard, the product of the X capacitor and the discharge resistor represents a discharge time constant that is much larger than the sinusoidal half cycle of the alternating current, and the voltage obtained by charging each alternating current half cycle of the X capacitor is always It is far from being released in a half cycle, and finally causes high peak interference on the X capacitor, which is applied to all circuits in the latter stage, which eventually leads to various failure problems of the device; if the resistance of the discharge resistor is lowered, Bringing the problem of increased power consumption and increased resistance volume of this filtering part, and still can not solve the core problem of the core - after the rectifier bridge, the high voltage electrolytic capacitor BUG2 will cause the transformer to produce a peak anti-electromotive interference peak at any time. Not completely suppressed.
  • a spike absorbing circuit composed of a resistor, a capacitor, and a diode is used, and the operation itself is absorbed. In addition, a considerable amount of electric energy must be consumed.
  • an absorbing circuit composed of a resistor and a capacitor is also used, which also consumes a certain amount of electric energy, and the excessively consumed electric energy is caused. The overall energy conversion efficiency is low.
  • the circuit structure commonly used in the existing switching power supply has the following disadvantages:
  • Disadvantage 1 The main disadvantage of BUG1 is the shortcomings caused by the imperfect existing safety test standards, but this shortcoming has not attracted attention.
  • the key point of this shortcoming is: X capacitor C1 and discharge resistor R
  • the circuit whose discharge time constant is much larger than the sinusoidal half cycle time of the alternating current of 50 (or 60) Hz, can be proved by experiments that under the current safety test standard requirements, the excessive discharge time constant will always be at the capacitance C1.
  • the failure of the electronics in the subsequent stage is generally related to this. - Following this part, the adjacent chokes are unlikely to have an infinite high inductance (common mode inductance), so the suppression of high frequency spikes will be very limited.
  • Disadvantage 2 The main disadvantage of BUG2 is that high-voltage electrolytic capacitor C2 inevitably has internal resistance and internal inductance regardless of the electrolytic capacitor of any quality. These internal resistance and internal inductance are high-frequency high-voltage interference. There is no filtering effect, which in turn leaves a problem for the transmission to the subsequent stage circuit.
  • Disadvantage 3 The disadvantage of BUG3 is that this part of the circuit absorbs a part of the peak high-frequency interference, and can not effectively absorb all the peak high-frequency interference, and inevitably consumes a part of the energy, which lowers the energy of the whole power supply. Conversion efficiency.
  • Disadvantage 4 The main disadvantage of BUG4 is that the high-frequency transformer B will always have a certain leakage inductance. In the high-speed on-off process of the MOSFET switch tube, an unavoidable back electromotive force will be generated. When this counter electromotive force is too high, it cannot be absorbed. The circuit absorption, which will be applied to the MOSFET switch, may cause breakdown breakdown of the MOSFET switch.
  • Disadvantage 5 The main disadvantage of BUG5 is that this part of the circuit also consumes a certain amount of energy, which lowers the conversion efficiency of the entire power supply.
  • Disadvantage 6 The main disadvantage of BUG6 is that the breakdown voltage of the MOSFET switch tube is always limited, and will be aging in the continuous interference impact to reduce the performance. It is often possible to pass the spike interference through the transformer B before it is damaged. The transmission to the subsequent stage circuit poses a substantial threat to the latter stage circuit.
  • the present invention proposes a circuit structure adjustment scheme of a switching power supply, and forms a new switching power supply circuit, so that the entire power supply is comprehensive in terms of anti-interference, accuracy and conversion efficiency, service life, and low failure rate.
  • a switching power supply circuit with improved power conversion efficiency is proposed.
  • the present invention provides a switching power supply circuit, which is disposed in a switching power supply device for filtering a current between a power input end and a power output end of the switching power supply device, wherein the switching power supply circuit includes an AC power input end Common mode interference filter circuit, AC rectifier circuit, high voltage electrolytic capacitor C2, filter anti-interference circuit, spike absorption circuit, energy conversion circuit, low voltage rectifier circuit, low voltage spike filter circuit, DC power output terminal;
  • the AC power input terminal inputs an AC mains power
  • the common mode interference filter circuit is connected between the AC power input end and the AC rectification circuit
  • the AC rectification circuit is connected in parallel to the high voltage electrolytic capacitor C2.
  • the filter anti-interference circuit is connected in parallel with the high voltage electrolytic capacitor C2
  • the peak absorption circuit is connected between the filter anti-interference circuit and the energy conversion circuit
  • the low voltage rectifier circuit processes the energy conversion circuit
  • the output electrical signal is rectified, and the low voltage spike filtering circuit filters and removes the electrical signal processed by the low voltage rectifying circuit, and the DC power output end is connected to the low voltage spike filtering circuit, and the DC power output end Output DC current;
  • the filter anti-interference circuit includes an X capacitor C1, a transient voltage suppression device varistor VR, and a discharge resistor R.
  • the transient voltage suppression device varistor VR is connected in series with the discharge resistor R, and the X capacitor C1 and
  • the transient voltage suppression device varistor VR is connected in parallel with the series circuit of the discharge resistor R, and the filter anti-interference circuit is used for suppressing interference and harmonics generated by the circuit.
  • the switching power supply circuit further includes a low voltage absorption circuit, the low voltage absorption circuit and the low voltage finishing circuit are connected in parallel, and the low voltage absorption circuit includes a discharge resistor R2 and a capacitor C4 connected in series.
  • the switching power supply circuit further includes a low voltage filter circuit, the low voltage filter circuit and the low voltage spike filter circuit are connected in parallel, and the low voltage filter circuit is sandwiched between the low voltage spike filter circuit and the DC power output. Between the ends.
  • the low voltage filter circuit includes a capacitor C5 connected in parallel, and the low voltage filter circuit is configured to filter the electrical signal processed by the low voltage rectifier circuit.
  • the switching power supply circuit further includes a feedback and control unit, and the feedback and control unit is connected to one end of the peak absorbing circuit for performing feedback information on the switching power supply circuit.
  • one end of the high voltage electrolytic capacitor C2 is grounded.
  • the filter anti-interference circuit is grounded at one end.
  • the peak absorbing circuit includes a discharge resistor R1, a capacitor C3, and a diode D1.
  • the discharge resistor R1 and the capacitor C3 are connected in parallel.
  • the diode D1 and the discharge resistor R1 and the capacitor C3 are connected in parallel.
  • the circuits are connected in series, and the peak absorbing circuit is used to increase the conversion efficiency of the energy conversion circuit.
  • the low voltage rectifier circuit comprises a diode D2, and the low voltage rectifier circuit performs a low voltage rectification process on the electrical signal converted by the energy conversion circuit.
  • the low voltage spike filter circuit is connected in parallel with a capacitor C6, and the low voltage spike filter circuit is configured to filter the electrical signal processed by the low voltage rectifier circuit.
  • the switching power supply circuit of the present invention moves and combines the targeted positions of the three devices of the X capacitor C1, the transient voltage suppression device varistor VR and the discharge resistor R, and the source of the transformer back electromotive force that causes the switching power supply to fail.
  • the peak interference at the high-voltage electrolytic capacitor C2 is extremely thoroughly suppressed, so that the entire power supply has been comprehensively improved in terms of anti-interference, accuracy and conversion efficiency, and service life, low failure rate, etc.
  • the resistance and capacitance parameters in the absorption circuit of the electromotive force are adjusted to improve the power conversion efficiency; the resistance and capacitance parameters in the absorption circuit on the low voltage side are adjusted to further improve the power conversion efficiency.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a conventional switching power supply circuit
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a switching power supply circuit of the present invention.
  • the present invention provides a switching power supply circuit, which is disposed in a switching power supply device for filtering a current between a power input end and a power output end of the switching power supply device, where the switching power supply circuit
  • the utility model comprises an AC power input terminal 10, a common mode interference filter circuit 20, an AC rectifier circuit 30, a high voltage electrolytic capacitor C240, a filter anti-interference circuit 50, a peak absorption circuit 60, an energy conversion circuit 70, a low voltage rectifier circuit 80, and a low voltage peak filter circuit 90.
  • the DC power output terminal 100, the common mode interference filter circuit 20 includes a choke coil L1.
  • the AC power input terminal 10 inputs AC mains
  • the common mode interference filter circuit 20 is connected between the AC power input terminal 10 and the AC rectification circuit 30, and the AC rectification circuit 30 is connected in parallel to the a high voltage electrolytic capacitor C240
  • the filter anti-interference circuit 50 is connected in parallel with the high voltage electrolytic capacitor C240
  • the peak absorption circuit 60 is connected between the filter anti-interference circuit 50 and the energy conversion circuit 70
  • the circuit 80 rectifies the output electrical signal processed by the energy conversion circuit 70
  • the low voltage spike filtering circuit 90 filters and removes the electrical signal processed by the low voltage rectifier circuit 80, the DC power output terminal 100 and
  • the low voltage spike filter circuit 90 is connected, and the DC power output terminal 100 outputs a direct current.
  • the filter anti-interference circuit 50 includes an X capacitor C1, a transient voltage suppression device varistor VR, and a discharge resistor R.
  • the transient voltage suppression device varistor VR is connected in series with the discharge resistor R, and the X capacitor C1 And the transient voltage suppression device varistor VR is connected in parallel with the series circuit of the discharge resistor R, and the filter anti-interference circuit 50 is used for suppressing interference and harmonics generated by the circuit.
  • the switching power supply circuit further includes a low voltage absorption circuit 110, the low voltage absorption circuit 110 and the low voltage finishing circuit are connected in parallel, and the low voltage absorption circuit 110 includes a discharge resistor R2 and a capacitor C4 connected in series.
  • the switching power supply circuit further includes a low voltage filter circuit 120, the low voltage filter circuit 120 and the low voltage spike filter circuit 90 are connected in parallel, and the low voltage filter circuit 120 is sandwiched between the low voltage spike filter circuit 90 and Between the DC power output terminals 100.
  • the low-voltage filter circuit 120 includes a capacitor C5 connected in parallel, and the low-voltage filter circuit 120 is configured to filter the electrical signal processed by the low-voltage rectifier circuit 80.
  • the switching power supply circuit further includes a feedback and control unit 130, and the feedback and control unit 130 is connected to one end of the peak absorbing circuit 60 for performing feedback information on the switching power supply circuit.
  • the high voltage electrolytic capacitor C240 is grounded at one end.
  • the filter anti-interference circuit 50 is grounded at one end.
  • the peak absorbing circuit 60 includes a discharge resistor R1, a capacitor C3, and a diode D1.
  • the discharge resistor R1 and the capacitor C3 are connected in parallel.
  • the diode D1 and the discharge resistor R1 are connected in parallel with the capacitor C3.
  • the branches are connected in series, and the peak absorbing circuit 60 is used to increase the conversion efficiency of the energy conversion circuit 70.
  • the low voltage rectifier circuit 80 includes a diode D2, and the low voltage rectifier circuit 80 performs a low voltage rectification process on the electrical signal converted by the energy conversion circuit 70.
  • the low voltage spike filter circuit 90 is connected in parallel with a capacitor C6, and the low voltage spike filter circuit 90 is configured to filter the electrical signal processed by the low voltage rectifier circuit 80.
  • the filter anti-interference circuit 50 is provided to adjust the three devices of the X capacitor C1, the discharge resistor R, and the varistor VR to a position adjacent to the high voltage electrolytic capacitor C240, where the three devices are located. It will play a key role as described below:
  • C1 acts as a low-resistance, low-inductance capacitor that absorbs high-frequency spikes from the power supply side of the grid. On the other hand, it also absorbs the back-EMF energy generated by the leakage inductance of the transformer, which will generally make the key shown in the figure.
  • the high-frequency ripple of point P is greatly reduced, and the key processing is improved for the stability of the entire power supply circuit. The accuracy of the power output and the conversion efficiency will be significantly improved.
  • different capacitors of such capacity low internal resistance, low internal inductance
  • the role of the varistor VR here is also from the front and the back, while limiting the spike voltage from the grid and the back EMF spike of the transformer, so that these harmful spikes are always in a safe range. It does not pose a breakdown of the MOSFET tube, nor does it transmit too high a spike voltage to the subsequent stage, ensuring the safety of the entire power supply circuit.
  • the present invention is not limited to the varistor, and the related device which suppresses the transient voltage can also have the same effect.
  • the function of the discharge resistor R is to effectively suppress the large current impact on the varistor when the peak voltage occurs. Due to the natural limitations of the manufacturing materials and the production process, the varistor may always be damaged by the transient excessive current. In order to avoid this possibility, after the discharge resistance R of the appropriate resistance is connected in series, the limitation of the peak voltage can be ensured, and the damage caused by the excessive current can be avoided, which has an economical and practical effect. It should be pointed out here that the resistance value of this discharge resistor R is completely different from the large resistance value under the premise of the existing problem standard. It is recommended to be in the range of several tens of ohms, which can enhance the transient such as varistor. The overcurrent capability of the voltage suppression device can also control the suppression voltage value raised by the presence of the resistance within the target range, thereby achieving an ideal target effect.
  • a peak absorbing circuit 60 is provided.
  • the peak absorbing circuit 60 includes a discharge resistor R1, a capacitor C3, and a diode D1.
  • the discharge resistor R1 and the capacitor C3 are connected in parallel.
  • the diode D1 and the discharge resistor are arranged.
  • R1 is connected in series with the parallel branch of the capacitor C3. Due to the action of the filter anti-interference circuit 50 on the electrical signal in the circuit, the harmful energy that the peak absorption circuit 60 needs to absorb is significantly weakened, so the peak absorption circuit 60 is adjusted.
  • the parameter reduces the value of the capacitor C3 and increases the resistance of the discharge resistor R1. After the energy consumed by the peak absorbing circuit 60 is lowered, the conversion efficiency of the entire switching power supply is further improved.
  • the low-voltage absorption circuit 110 functions as the peak absorption circuit 60. After the corresponding adjustment of the low-voltage absorption circuit 110, the conversion efficiency of the entire power supply is further improved. In some applications, this portion of the absorption is enhanced. The circuit can even be cancelled.
  • the capacitor C6 connected to the low-voltage spike filter circuit 90 is also a low-resistance and low-inductance high-frequency filter capacitor. In position, one end should be as close as possible to D2, and the other end should be as close as possible to the DC power output. 100 transformer terminal with the same polarity, which plays a key role in further absorbing the ripple of this part of the power supply, further improving the quality and efficiency of the power supply.
  • the switching power supply circuit of the present invention performs the three devices of the X capacitor C1, the transient voltage suppression device varistor VR, and the discharge resistor R, compared to the circuit configuration commonly used in the conventional switching power supply. Targeted position movement and combination, the entire power supply has been comprehensively improved in terms of anti-interference, accuracy and conversion efficiency, and service life and low failure rate.
  • the resistance R1 and the capacitance C3 parameters in the absorption circuit are adjusted to improve the power conversion efficiency.
  • the present embodiment compared with the existing circuit structure, only one capacitor C6 needs to be added, and the cost is low; and the improvement of the power quality performance is comprehensive, and the accuracy, the anti-interference ability, and the conversion efficiency are all obtained. Extremely obvious improvement, the effect is remarkable; for the switching power supply commonly used in electrical equipment of various industries, the power supply product with comprehensive improvement in performance and quality life can be obtained by adopting the invention in a very low cost manner, and the application value is large. .

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Abstract

一种开关电源电路，包括交流电源输入端（10）、共模干扰滤波电路（20）、交流整流电路（30）、高压电解电容（C2）、滤波抗干扰电路（50）、尖峰吸收电路（60）、能量变换电路（70）、低压整流电路（80）、低压尖峰滤波电路（90）、直流电源输出端（100）。该开关电源电路将X电容（C1）、瞬变电压抑制器件压敏电阻（VR）以及放电电阻（R）这三个器件进行的富有针对性的位置移动和组合，使整个电源在抗干扰，精度和转换效率以及使用寿命，低故障率等方面得到了全面的提升；针对专用于吸收变压器漏感反电动势能量的吸收电路（60）中的电阻（R1）与电容（C3）参数作出调整，提高了电源转换效率；针对低压侧的吸收电路（110）中的电阻（R2）与电容（C4）参数，作出了调整，进一步使电源转换效率得到提升。

Description

一种开关电源电路 技术领域
本发明涉及电器设备电源技术领域，尤其是一种开关电源电路。
背景技术
在各种由脉冲宽度调制(PWM)控制芯片、高频变压器和MOSFET开关管为主体部件构成的开关电源电路中，在交流电源输入端普遍采用X电容及其放电电阻组成的高频滤波部分，由于一直沿用一个欠合理的安规测试标准(一次电路的电容器放电设备在设计上应保证在交流电网电源外部断接处,尽量减小因接在一次电路中的电容器贮存有电荷而产生的电击危险，通过检查设备和有关的电路图来检验其是否合格.检查时考虑到断开电源时通/断开关可能处于任一位置，如果设备中有任何电容器,其标明的或标称的容量超过0.1uF，而且接在一次电路上，但该电容器的放电时间常数不超过下列规定值，则应认为设备是合格的:——对A型可插式设备：1秒；和——对永久性连接式设备和B型可插式设备：10秒；有关时间常数是指等效电容量(uF)和等效放电电阻值(MΩ)的乘积，如果测定等效电容量和电阻值有困难,则可以在外部断接点测量电压衰减，注：在经过一段等于一个时间常数的时间,电压将衰减到初始值的37％)，使得这部分的滤波抗干扰作用极其有限，因为在现行的测试标准下，X电容与放电电阻的乘积所代表的放电时间常数远大于交流电的正弦半周期，X电容上每个交流电半周期里充电得到的电压，总是远远不能在半周期内释放，最后导致在X电容上容易激发出很高的尖峰干扰，施加到后级所有电路，最终导致器件的各类失效问题；如果将放电电阻的阻值降低，则带来这个滤波部分功耗增加和电阻体积增大的问题,并且仍然无法解决最核心的关键问题——即整流桥之后，高压电解电容这个BUG2处随时会导致变压器产生尖峰反电动势的干扰尖峰并没有 得到彻底的抑制。
由于在预防因为高频变压器的漏感所引起的高频率通断时产生过高的反电动势损坏MOSFET开关管等，采用了电阻电容以及二极管等器件组成的尖峰吸收电路，本身在工作中因为吸收而必须消耗相当一部分电能，在低压侧的整流电路中为了使肖特基二极管快速恢复，也使用了电阻与电容组成的吸收电路，同样也消耗了一定电能，这些过多消耗掉的电能造成了整体能量转换效率的低下。
如图1所示，现有的开关电源中普遍采用的电路结构具有如下缺点：
缺点一：BUG1处主要缺点即是由于现有的安规测试标准不完善所导致的缺点，但这个缺点并没有引起关注，这一缺点的要害之处在于：X电容C1与放电电阻R组成的电路，其放电时间常数远大于50(或60)赫兹的交流电的正弦半周期时间，可以通过实验证明，在现行的安规测试标准要求下，过大的放电时间常数，总会在电容C1的两端激荡出尖峰冲击电压，并传递给电源整个后级电路，后级电路中的电子器件的失效，一般都与此有关。——紧跟这部分、临近的扼流圈由于不可能具有无限的高感抗(共模电感)，因此对于高频率的尖峰干扰的抑制效果将十分有限。
缺点二：BUG2处的主要缺点在于，高压电解电容C2无论采用任何一种品质的电解电容，都不可避免的存在内部电阻和内部电感，这些内部电阻和内部电感对于高频率的高电压干扰，是没有滤波作用的，这又为干扰向后级电路传递留下了后患。
缺点三：BUG3处的缺点在于，这部分电路在吸收掉一部分尖峰高频干扰的同时，既无法有效吸收全部的尖峰高频干扰，又必然消耗了一部分能量，也就拉低了整个电源的能量转换效率。
缺点四：BUG4处的主要缺点在于，高频变压器B永远会存在一定的漏电感， 在MOSFET开关管高速通断过程中，会产生难以避免的反电动势，当这个反电动势过高，不能被吸收电路吸收，将会施加在MOSFET开关管上，便可能造成MOSFET开关管的击穿损坏。
缺点五：BUG5处的主要缺点在于，这部分的电路也消耗了一定的能量，拉低了整个电源的转换效率。
缺点六：BUG6处的主要缺点在于，MOSFET开关管的耐击穿电压总是有限的，将在被不断的干扰冲击中老化而降低性能，在尚未损坏前，常常有可能将尖峰干扰通过变压器B传送到后级电路，对后级电路形成实质威胁。
发明内容
为了解决上述问题，本发明提出一种开关电源的电路结构调整方案，形成一种新的开关电源电路，使得整个电源在抗干扰，精度和转换效率以及使用寿命，低故障率等方面得到了全面的提升，且电源转换效率高的开关电源电路。
本发明通过以下技术方案实现的：
本发明提出一种开关电源电路，设于开关电源设备内，用于对所述开关电源设备的电源输入端与电源输出端之间的电流进行滤波处理，所述开关电源电路包括交流电源输入端、共模干扰滤波电路、交流整流电路、高压电解电容C2、滤波抗干扰电路、尖峰吸收电路、能量变换电路、低压整流电路、低压尖峰滤波电路、直流电源输出端；
所述交流电源输入端输入交流市电，所述共模干扰滤波电路连接于所述交流电源输入端和所述交流整流电路之间，所述交流整流电路并联接入所述高压电解电容C2，所述滤波抗干扰电路与所述高压电解电容C2并联，所述尖峰吸收电路连接于所述滤波抗干扰电路和所述能量变换电路之间，所述低压整流电路对所述能量变换电路处理后的输出电信号进行整流，所述低压尖峰滤波电路对所 述低压整流电路处理后的电信号进行滤波除干扰，所述直流电源输出端和所述低压尖峰滤波电路连接，所述直流电源输出端输出直流电流；
所述滤波抗干扰电路包括X电容C1、瞬变电压抑制器件压敏电阻VR以及放电电阻R，所述瞬变电压抑制器件压敏电阻VR与所述放电电阻R串联，所述X电容C1和所述瞬变电压抑制器件压敏电阻VR与所述放电电阻R串联支路并联，所述滤波抗干扰电路用于电路所产生的干扰及谐波进行抑制。
进一步的，所述开关电源电路还包括低压吸收电路，所述低压吸收电路和所述低压整理电路并联，所述低压吸收电路包括相互串联的放电电阻R2和电容C4。
进一步的，所述开关电源电路还包括低压滤波电路，所述低压滤波电路和所述低压尖峰滤波电路并联，所述所述低压滤波电路夹设于所述低压尖峰滤波电路和所述直流电源输出端之间。
进一步的，所述低压滤波电路包括并联接入的电容C5，所述低压滤波电路用于对所述低压整流电路处理后的电信号进行滤波。
进一步的，所述开关电源电路还包括反馈和控制单元，所述反馈和控制单元接入在所述尖峰吸收电路的一端，用于对所述开关电源电路进行反馈信息。
进一步的，所述高压电解电容C2一端接地。
进一步的，所述滤波抗干扰电路一端接地。
进一步的，所述尖峰吸收电路包括放电电阻R1、电容C3以及二极管D1，所述放电电阻R1和所述电容C3并联，所述二极管D1和所述放电电阻R1与所述电容C3组成的并联支路串联，所述尖峰吸收电路用于提高所述能量变换电路转换效率。
进一步的，所述低压整流电路包括二极管D2，所述低压整流电路对所述能 量变换电路变换后的电信号进行低压整流处理。
进一步的，所述低压尖峰滤波电路并联接入的电容C6，所述低压尖峰滤波电路用于对所述低压整流电路处理后的电信号进行滤波。
本发明的有益效果：
本发明的开关电源电路将X电容C1、瞬变电压抑制器件压敏电阻VR以及放电电阻R这三个器件进行的富有针对性的位置移动和组合，对引起开关电源失效的变压器反电动势的源头—高压电解电容C2处的尖峰干扰进行了极为彻底的抑制，使整个电源在抗干扰，精度和转换效率以及使用寿命，低故障率等方面得到了全面的提升；针对专用于吸收变压器漏感反电动势能量的吸收电路中的电阻与电容参数作出调整，提高了电源转换效率；针对低压侧的吸收电路中的电阻与电容参数，作出了调整，进一步使电源转换效率得到提升。
附图说明
图1为现有的开关电源电路原理图；
图2为本发明的开关电源电路原理图。
具体实施方式
为了更加清楚、完整的说明本发明的技术方案，下面结合附图对本发明作进一步说明。
请参考图2，本发明提出一种开关电源电路，设于开关电源设备内，用于对所述开关电源设备的电源输入端与电源输出端之间的电流进行滤波处理，所述开关电源电路包括交流电源输入端10、共模干扰滤波电路20、交流整流电路30、高压电解电容C240、滤波抗干扰电路50、尖峰吸收电路60、能量变换电路70、低压整流电路80、低压尖峰滤波电路90、直流电源输出端100，所述共模 干扰滤波电路20包括扼流圈L1。
所述交流电源输入端10输入交流市电，所述共模干扰滤波电路20连接于所述交流电源输入端10和所述交流整流电路30之间，所述交流整流电路30并联接入所述高压电解电容C240，所述滤波抗干扰电路50与所述高压电解电容C240并联，所述尖峰吸收电路60连接于所述滤波抗干扰电路50和所述能量变换电路70之间，所述低压整流电路80对所述能量变换电路70处理后的输出电信号进行整流，所述低压尖峰滤波电路90对所述低压整流电路80处理后的电信号进行滤波除干扰，所述直流电源输出端100和所述低压尖峰滤波电路90连接，所述直流电源输出端100输出直流电流。
所述滤波抗干扰电路50包括X电容C1、瞬变电压抑制器件压敏电阻VR以及放电电阻R，所述瞬变电压抑制器件压敏电阻VR与所述放电电阻R串联，所述X电容C1和所述瞬变电压抑制器件压敏电阻VR与所述放电电阻R串联支路并联，所述滤波抗干扰电路50用于电路所产生的干扰及谐波进行抑制。
进一步的，所述开关电源电路还包括低压吸收电路110，所述低压吸收电路110和所述低压整理电路并联，所述低压吸收电路110包括相互串联的放电电阻R2和电容C4。
进一步的，所述开关电源电路还包括低压滤波电路120，所述低压滤波电路120和所述低压尖峰滤波电路90并联，所述所述低压滤波电路120夹设于所述低压尖峰滤波电路90和所述直流电源输出端100之间。
进一步的，所述低压滤波电路120包括并联接入的电容C5，所述低压滤波电路120用于对所述低压整流电路80处理后的电信号进行滤波。
进一步的，所述开关电源电路还包括反馈和控制单元130，所述反馈和控制 单元130接入在所述尖峰吸收电路60的一端，用于对所述开关电源电路进行反馈信息。
进一步的，所述高压电解电容C240一端接地。
进一步的，所述滤波抗干扰电路50一端接地。
进一步的，所述尖峰吸收电路60包括放电电阻R1、电容C3以及二极管D1，所述放电电阻R1和所述电容C3并联，所述二极管D1和所述放电电阻R1与所述电容C3组成的并联支路串联，所述尖峰吸收电路60用于提高所述能量变换电路70转换效率。
进一步的，所述低压整流电路80包括二极管D2，所述低压整流电路80对所述能量变换电路70变换后的电信号进行低压整流处理。
进一步的，所述低压尖峰滤波电路90并联接入的电容C6，所述低压尖峰滤波电路90用于对所述低压整流电路80处理后的电信号进行滤波。
在本实施方式中，设置所述滤波抗干扰电路50，将X电容C1、放电电阻R、压敏电阻VR这三个器件移动调整到与高压电解电容C240邻近的位置，这三个器件在此处将起到如下所述的关键作用：
(1)C1作为低电阻低电感的电容，一方面吸收来自电网电源端的高频尖峰干扰，另一方面，也将吸收变压器漏电感所产生的反电动势能量，总体上将使得图中所示关键点P的高频纹波大幅度降低，为整个电源电路的稳定性的提高作出了关键性的处理，电源输出的精度，转换效率将得到明显的提升。同时，可依据实际需要，在应用中采取不同容量的此类电容(低内部电阻，低内部感抗)进行并联，也会达到更好的效果。
(2)压敏电阻VR在此处的作用，也是承前起后的，同时对来自电网一测的 尖峰电压和变压器的反电动势尖峰进行限制，使这些有害的尖峰电压始终处于一个安全的范围内，既不会对MOSFET管形成击穿的威胁，也不会将过高的尖峰电压传送到后级，确保了整个电源电路的安全。本发明不局限于压敏电阻，相关的对瞬变电压有抑制作用的器件也可起到同样效果。
(3)放电电阻R的作用在于，有效抑制高峰电压出现时，对压敏电阻造成的大电流冲击，由于制造材料和生产工艺的自然局限，压敏电阻永远存在被瞬间过大电流损坏的可能性，为了避免这一可能性，在串接了适当阻值的放电电阻R之后，既能保证对高峰电压的限制，又能避免过大电流造成的损坏，具有经济而切实的效果。这里需要指出的是：这个放电电阻R的阻值选择，完全不同于在现有的问题标准前提下的大阻值，建议在几十欧姆的范围内，这样既能加强压敏电阻等瞬变电压抑制器件的过电流能力，又可以将因电阻的存在而抬升的抑制电压值控制在目标范围内，得到理想的目标效果。
在本实施方式中，设置尖峰吸收电路60，所述尖峰吸收电路60包括放电电阻R1、电容C3以及二极管D1，所述放电电阻R1和所述电容C3并联，所述二极管D1和所述放电电阻R1与所述电容C3组成的并联支路串联，由于所述滤波抗干扰电路50对电路***号的作用，使得所述尖峰吸收电路60需要吸收的有害能量明显减弱，因此调整尖峰吸收电路60的参数，将电容C3值减小，将放电电阻R1的阻值加大，这尖峰吸收电路60消耗的能量降低之后，整个开关电源的转换效率也进一步得到提升。
在本实施方式中，低压吸收电路110和尖峰吸收电路60的作用一样，在对低压吸收电路110作出对应的调整后，整个电源的转换效率再进一步得到提升，在一些应用中，这部分的吸收电路甚至可以取消。
在本实施方式中，所述低压尖峰滤波电路90接入的电容C6也是低电阻低电 感的高频滤波电容，在位置上，应当一端尽可能接近D2，另一端尽可能接近与直流电源输出端100同极性的变压器出线端，这对于进一步就地吸收电源本部分的纹波有关键作用，进一步提升电源的品质与效率。
在本实施方式中，相比现有的开关电源中普遍采用的电路结构，本发明的开关电源电路将X电容C1、瞬变电压抑制器件压敏电阻VR以及放电电阻R这三个器件进行的富有针对性的位置移动和组合，使整个电源在抗干扰，精度和转换效率以及使用寿命，低故障率等方面得到了全面的提升。
在本实施方式中，针对专用于吸收变压器漏感反电动势能量的吸收电路(即尖峰吸收电路60)中的电阻R1与电容C3参数作出调整，提高了电源转换效率。
在本实施方式中，针对低压侧的吸收电路(即低压吸收电路110)中的电阻R2与电容C4参数，作出了调整，进一步使电源转换效率得到提升。
在本实施方式中，与现有的电路结构相比，仅仅需要增加一个电容C6，成本低；且对于电源品质性能的提升是全方位的，无论是精度，抗干扰能力，转换效率，都得到极其明显的提升，效果显著；对于普遍应用于各行业的电器设备中的开关电源而言，都可以通过采用本发明，以极低成本的方式得到性能品质寿命全面改善的电源产品，应用价值大。
当然，本发明还可有其它多种实施方式，基于本实施方式，本领域的普通技术人员在没有做出任何创造性劳动的前提下所获得其他实施方式，都属于本发明所保护的范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种开关电源电路，设于开关电源设备内，用于对所述开关电源设备的电源输入端与电源输出端之间的电流进行滤波处理，其特征在于，所述开关电源电路包括交流电源输入端、共模干扰滤波电路、交流整流电路、高压电解电容C2、滤波抗干扰电路、尖峰吸收电路、能量变换电路、低压整流电路、低压尖峰滤波电路、直流电源输出端；
    所述交流电源输入端输入交流市电，所述共模干扰滤波电路连接于所述交流电源输入端和所述交流整流电路之间，所述交流整流电路并联接入所述高压电解电容C2，所述滤波抗干扰电路与所述高压电解电容C2并联，所述尖峰吸收电路连接于所述滤波抗干扰电路和所述能量变换电路之间，所述低压整流电路对所述能量变换电路处理后的输出电信号进行整流，所述低压尖峰滤波电路对所述低压整流电路处理后的电信号进行滤波除干扰，所述直流电源输出端和所述低压尖峰滤波电路连接，所述直流电源输出端输出直流电流；
    所述滤波抗干扰电路包括X电容C1、瞬变电压抑制器件压敏电阻VR以及放电电阻R，所述瞬变电压抑制器件压敏电阻VR与所述放电电阻R串联，所述X电容C1和所述瞬变电压抑制器件压敏电阻VR与所述放电电阻R串联支路并联，所述滤波抗干扰电路用于电路所产生的干扰及谐波进行抑制。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的开关电源电路，其特征在于，所述开关电源电路还包括低压吸收电路，所述低压吸收电路和所述低压整理电路并联，所述低压吸收电路包括相互串联的放电电阻R2和电容C4。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的开关电源电路，其特征在于，所述开关电源电路还包括低压滤波电路，所述低压滤波电路和所述低压尖峰滤波电路并联，所述所述低压滤波电路夹设于所述低压尖峰滤波电路和所述直流电源输出端之间。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的开关电源电路，其特征在于，所述低压滤波电路包括并联接入的电容C5，所述低压滤波电路用于对所述低压整流电路处理后的电信号进行滤波。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的开关电源电路，其特征在于，所述开关电源电路还包括反馈和控制单元，所述反馈和控制单元接入在所述尖峰吸收电路的一端，用于对所述开关电源电路进行反馈信息。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的开关电源电路，其特征在于，所述高压电解电容C2一端接地。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的开关电源电路，其特征在于，所述滤波抗干扰电路一端接地。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的开关电源电路，其特征在于，所述尖峰吸收电路包括放电电阻R1、电容C3以及二极管D1，所述放电电阻R1和所述电容C3并联，所述二极管D1和所述放电电阻R1与所述电容C3组成的并联支路串联，所述尖峰吸收电路用于提高所述能量变换电路转换效率。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的开关电源电路，其特征在于，所述低压整流电路包括二极管D2，所述低压整流电路对所述能量变换电路变换后的电信号进行低压整流处理。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的开关电源电路，其特征在于，所述低压尖峰滤波电路并联接入的电容C6，所述低压尖峰滤波电路用于对所述低压整流电路处理后的电信号进行滤波。
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