WO2019128284A1 - 可调试辐射单元及天线 - Google Patents

可调试辐射单元及天线 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019128284A1
WO2019128284A1 PCT/CN2018/103071 CN2018103071W WO2019128284A1 WO 2019128284 A1 WO2019128284 A1 WO 2019128284A1 CN 2018103071 W CN2018103071 W CN 2018103071W WO 2019128284 A1 WO2019128284 A1 WO 2019128284A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
loading portion
coupling loading
coupling
debuggable
radiation unit
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2018/103071
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
陈汝承
王强
姚化山
张立国
陶祖海
Original Assignee
京信通信***（中国）有限公司
京信通信技术(广州)有限公司
京信通信***（广州）有限公司
天津京信通信***有限公司
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Application filed by 京信通信***（中国）有限公司, 京信通信技术(广州)有限公司, 京信通信***（广州）有限公司, 天津京信通信***有限公司 filed Critical 京信通信***（中国）有限公司
Publication of WO2019128284A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019128284A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/52—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure
    • H01Q1/521—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure reducing the coupling between adjacent antennas
    • H01Q1/523—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure reducing the coupling between adjacent antennas between antennas of an array
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
    • H01Q19/104—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces using a substantially flat reflector for deflecting the radiated beam, e.g. periscopic antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/08—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart the units being spaced along or adjacent to a rectilinear path
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/30—Combinations of separate antenna units operating in different wavebands and connected to a common feeder system

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of mobile communication antennas, and in particular to a debugtable radiation unit and an antenna.
  • the high and low frequency nesting scheme is an important method to realize multi-frequency antenna.
  • the antenna isolation index is difficult to implement due to the interaction between high and low frequencies.
  • the currently known multi-polarized antenna isolation adjustment method is typically characterized by adding decoupling loading components around the radiating element and between the radiating elements. These decoupling loading components are located around the radiating element or between the radiating elements.
  • the first current induced between the coupling component and the corresponding radiating element ie, the induced current generated by the radiating element on the corresponding decoupling component
  • the second current can most effectively cancel the mutual induction between adjacent radiating elements of the antenna array.
  • the low-frequency decoupling debugging component has a great influence on the high-frequency isolation while optimizing the low-frequency isolation, and easily causes the high-frequency isolation to deteriorate; Decoupling and debugging components also have an effect on the isolation of the low frequencies, causing the low frequency isolation to deteriorate. Due to the above phenomenon, the low-frequency high-frequency adjustment is adjusted, the high-frequency low-frequency adjustment is repeated, and the debugging phenomenon is repeated, and the decoupling debugging used is complicated and large in number, which causes debugging time-consuming, poor debugging consistency, and a large amount of decoupling. The use of the debuggers exacerbates the asymmetry of the boundary conditions and causes the antenna pattern to deteriorate.
  • a debugable radiation unit comprising:
  • a vibrator body comprising a base, a plurality of pairs of feeding baluns and a plurality of dipoles, the plurality of pairs of the feeding baluns being symmetrically disposed around a central axis of the base, each pair of the feeding baluns being connected to one of the a dipole, each of the dipoles including a vibrator arm having a radiating surface;
  • each of the insulating dielectric layers being detachably coupled to one of the vibrator arms and at least partially covering the radiating surface;
  • each of the coupling loading members being detachably coupled to the one of the insulating dielectric layers and at least partially covering the insulating dielectric layer away from the radiating surface side, coupled to the vibrator arm Become a radiation arm.
  • the above-mentioned tunable radiating unit can be selected as a radiant arm of the tunable radiating unit and can be used as a modulating radiating arm of the tunable radiating unit, and can also freely disassemble different shapes according to different needs.
  • the coupling load is coupled to achieve different effects, so that it is not necessary to separately set other debugging components, which significantly reduces the influence of the debugging component on the circuit and the deterioration of the pattern.
  • a plurality of pairs of the feeding baluns extend outward from the edge of the base to protrude from a plane of the base, and each pair of the feeding baluns is provided at an end away from the base.
  • the dipole is provided at an end away from the base.
  • each of the dipoles includes a pair of vibrator arms, each of the vibrator arms extending from one of the feed bales to a central axis away from the base.
  • the coupling loading member includes a first coupling loading portion and a second coupling loading portion that is bent from a side of the first coupling loading portion, the first coupling loading portion at least partially covering the An insulating dielectric layer, each of the second coupling loading portions being located on a side of the insulating dielectric layer facing away from a central axis of the base, and the plurality of the second coupling loading portions circumferentially surrounding the vibrator body Outer week.
  • the angle between the first coupling loading portion and the second coupling loading portion is substantially 90°.
  • the length of the second coupling loading portion is the same as the length of the first coupling loading portion
  • the length of the second coupling loading portion is greater than the length of the first coupling loading portion, and both ends of the second coupling loading portion in the longitudinal direction protrude from the first coupling loading portion;
  • the length of the second coupling loading portion is smaller than the length of the first coupling loading portion, and both ends of the second coupling loading portion are contracted in the longitudinal direction.
  • the coupling loader further includes a third coupling loading portion, the third coupling loading portion is loaded along the second coupling from a side of the second coupling loading portion away from the first coupling loading portion The width direction of the portion extends and gradually moves away from the first coupling loading portion.
  • a dimension of the third coupling loading portion in a length direction of the second coupling loading portion is smaller than a length of the second coupling loading portion.
  • An antenna comprising the above-described Debugtable Radiation Unit, the antenna further comprising a reflector, the reflector being spaced apart from the plurality of the Debugtable Radiation Units.
  • the antenna further includes a high frequency radiating unit spaced apart from the debuggable radiating element and/or disposed in the debuggable radiating unit to be fed by the Barron encircle.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a debuggable radiation unit according to an embodiment
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a coupling loader of the Debugtable Radiation Unit shown in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a coupling loader of a debuggable radiation unit of an embodiment
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a coupling loader of a debuggable radiation unit of another embodiment
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a coupling loader of a debuggable radiation unit of still another embodiment
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of an antenna of a first embodiment
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of an antenna of a second embodiment
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural view of an antenna of a third embodiment
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic structural view of an antenna of a fourth embodiment
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna according to a fifth embodiment
  • Fig. 11 is a schematic structural view of an antenna of a sixth embodiment.
  • a debuggable radiation unit 10 of the preferred embodiment includes a vibrator body 12, an insulating dielectric layer 14, and a coupling loader 16.
  • the vibrator body 12 includes a base 122, a plurality of pairs of feed baluns 124 and a plurality of dipoles 126.
  • the plurality of pairs of feed baluns 124 are symmetrically disposed around a central axis of the base 122, and each pair of feed baluns 124 is connected to one Dipoles 126, each dipole 126 includes a vibrator arm 1262 having a radiating surface.
  • Each of the insulating dielectric layers 14 is detachably coupled to one of the vibrator arms 1262 and at least partially covers the radiating surface.
  • Each of the coupling loading members 16 is detachably coupled to an insulating dielectric layer 14 and at least partially overlies the side of the insulating dielectric layer 14 away from the radiating surface to couple with the corresponding vibrator arm 1262 as a radiating arm.
  • Differently shaped coupling loading members 16 are disassembled to achieve different effects, so that it is not necessary to separately provide other debugging components, which significantly reduces the influence of the debugging components on the circuit and the deterioration of the pattern.
  • a plurality of pairs of feed baluns 124 extend radially outward from the edge of the base 122 to protrude from the plane of the base 122.
  • the radiation arms are fed through the balun 124 to generate a beam radiated into the air.
  • Each pair of feed baluns 124 is provided with a dipole 126 on the side away from the base 122, and each dipole 126 includes a pair of vibrator arms 1262, each of which is moved away from the base by one of the feed baluns 124
  • the direction of the central axis of 122 extends and the vibrator arm 1262 extends generally parallel to the base 122 to facilitate mounting the coupling loader 16 to form a radiating arm with the coupling loader 16.
  • the vibrator body 12 includes four pairs of feed baluns 124, two feed gallons 124 of each pair of feed baluns 124 are symmetrically disposed, and four pairs of feed baluns 124 are symmetrically surrounded by the base 122.
  • the feed balun 124 is substantially trapezoidal, and the width of the feed balun 124 gradually increases from the base 122 toward the base 122, so the distance between the plurality of feed baluns 124 is also from the base 122 toward the base 122. Gradually increase.
  • the vibrator arms 1262 are also four pairs, and each pair of vibrator arms 1262 includes two symmetrically disposed vibrator arms 1262, each of which is disposed one-to-one with a feed balun 124.
  • the vibrator arm 1262 is a step-graded structure, including a first vibrator arm section and a second vibrator arm section at one end of the first vibrator arm section, wherein the first vibrator arm section is a non-gradient uniform structure, and the second vibrator arm section is self A gradual structure in which both sides of one end of the first vibrator arm section are uniformly reduced toward the middle.
  • the two first vibrator arms are adjacent and the two second vibrator arms are remote from each other.
  • the insulating dielectric layer 14 has a sheet-like mechanism that is shaped to match the shape of the dipole 126.
  • the thickness and dielectric constant of the insulating dielectric layer 14 can be adjusted as needed.
  • the coupling loader 16 includes a first coupling loading portion 162 and a second coupling loading portion 164 that is bent from a side of the first coupling loading portion 162.
  • the first coupling loading portion 162 and the second coupling loading portion are loaded.
  • the angle between the portions 164 is substantially 90°, and the first coupling loading portion 162 at least partially covers the insulating dielectric layer 14, and each of the second coupling loading portions 164 is located on a side of the insulating dielectric layer 14 facing away from the central axis of the base 122.
  • a plurality of second coupling loading portions 164 surround the outer circumference of the vibrator body 12 in the circumferential direction. It can be understood that the angle between the first coupling loading portion 162 and the second coupling loading portion 164 can be changed according to actual needs, and is not limited to only 90°.
  • the upper end surface of the first coupling loading portion 162 covers the insulating dielectric layer 14 such that the second coupling loading portion 164 extends away from the base 122. In another embodiment, the lower end surface of the first coupling loading portion 162 covers the insulating dielectric layer 14 such that the second coupling loading portion 164 extends below the base 122.
  • the length of the second coupling loading portion 164 may be the same as the length of the first coupling loading portion 162 , or as shown in FIG. 3 , the length of the second coupling loading portion 164 is greater than that of the first coupling loading portion 162 . length.
  • the length of the second coupling loading portion 164 is greater than the length of the first coupling loading portion 162, both ends in the longitudinal direction of the second coupling loading portion 164 protrude from the first coupling loading portion 162.
  • the length of the second coupling loading portion 164 may also be less than the length of the first coupling loading portion 162, and both ends of the second coupling loading portion 162 are contracted in the longitudinal direction.
  • the coupling loader 16 further includes a third coupling loading portion 166, and the third coupling loading portion 166 is away from the first coupling loading portion 164 from the second coupling loading portion 164.
  • the side of the 162 extends along the width direction of the second coupling loading portion 164 and gradually away from the first coupling loading portion 162, and the length of the third coupling loading portion 166 in the length direction of the second coupling loading portion 164 (ie, the third coupling loading)
  • the width of the portion 166 is less than the length of the second coupling loading portion 164.
  • the coupling loader 16 can function both as the coupling oscillator arm 1262 and as a decoupling loading component to change the energy coupling between the two polarizations of the tunable radiation unit 10 and the energy coupling with other radiation units, thereby The overall machine isolation with the configurable radiation unit 10 is increased.
  • the tunable radiating element 10 described above, the differently shaped coupling loading members 16 are selectively mounted on the vibrator body 12, acting both as a radiating element vibrator arm 1262 and as an adjusting member, by using different forms of coupling loading members 16 Radiation units with different functions.
  • an antenna 300 of the first embodiment includes the above-described debugtable radiation unit 10.
  • the antenna 300 further includes a reflection plate 310 on which a plurality of tunable radiation units 10 are arranged at intervals.
  • the five tunable radiating elements 10 are arranged as equal intervals on the reflecting plate 310 as five low frequency radiating elements to form a single low frequency antenna array.
  • the coupling loaders 16 of the five debuggable radiating elements 10 each include a first coupling loading portion 162 and a second coupling loading portion 164 of equal length, and the second coupling loading portions 164 all extend toward the reflecting plate 310.
  • the third tunable radiating element 10 serves as an isolation-sensitive radiating unit, and the two coupling loading members 16 extending in the spacing direction of the tunable radiating unit 10 on the tunable radiating unit 10 further include a third coupling loading portion 166, the third The coupling loading portion 166 acts both as a radiant arm of the tunable radiating element 10 and as a decoupling loading component of the antenna 300 to change the energy between the two polarizations of the third tunable radiating element 10 Coupling and energy coupling between two adjacent debuggable radiating elements 10 enhances the overall isolation of the antenna 300 to replace the isolation of the conventional decoupling loading component.
  • an antenna 400 of the second embodiment is similar to the first embodiment, and five tunable radiating elements 10 are sequentially arranged on the reflecting plate 410 as five low-frequency radiating elements in order to form a single sheet. Low frequency antenna array.
  • the coupling loaders 16 of the five debuggable radiating elements 10 each include a first coupling load portion 162 and a second coupling load portion 164 of equal length.
  • the second coupling loading portion 164 of the coupling loading member 16 of the first, third, and fifth debugtable radiating elements 10 extends toward the reflecting plate 410 (ie, extends downward), and the second and fourth debugable radiation
  • the second coupling loading portion 164 of the coupling loader 16 of the unit 10 extends away from the reflecting plate 410 (i.e., extends upward).
  • differently shaped coupling loads 16 are used interchangeably to effectively improve the energy coupling between the adjacent two debuggable radiating elements 10, improving the isolation of the antenna 400.
  • an antenna 500 of the third embodiment includes a configurable radiation unit 10 and a high frequency radiation unit 20 disposed on the reflector 510 and on the reflector 510.
  • the units 10 are spaced apart and/or disposed within the configurable radiation unit 10 to be enclosed by the feed balun 124.
  • the antenna 500 includes three configurable radiation units 10 and five high frequency radiation units 20 that are spaced apart as low frequency radiating elements. Two of the high frequency radiating elements 20 are located between two adjacent debuggable radiating elements 10, and the other three high frequency radiating elements 20 are enclosed by the feed balun 124 of the debuggable radiating element 10 and are located in the debuggable radiating element 10. Internal, thus forming a high and low frequency nested structure.
  • the coupling loaders 16 of the three debuggable radiating elements 10 each include a first coupling loading portion 162 and a second coupling loading portion 164 of equal length, and the second coupling loading portion 164 extends toward the base 122.
  • the coupling loader 16 of the second of the second tunable radiating elements 10 extending in the direction of the spacing of the configurable radiating elements 10 has a third coupling loading portion 166.
  • the third coupling loading portion 166 can be used together with the vibrator arm 1262 as the radiating arm of the second tunable radiating element 10, and also as the decoupling loading component of the antenna 500, which can change the two polarizations of the tunable radiating element 10.
  • an antenna 600 of the fourth embodiment is similar to the third embodiment, and includes a reflector 610 and a tunable radiation unit 10 and a high-frequency radiation unit 20 on the reflector 610. 20 is spaced from the programmable radiation unit 10 and/or is disposed within the programmable radiation unit 10 to be enclosed by the feed balun 124.
  • the antenna 600 includes three configurable radiation units 10 and five high frequency radiation units 20 that are spaced apart as low frequency radiating elements. Two of the high frequency radiating elements 20 are located between two adjacent debuggable radiating elements 10, and the other three high frequency radiating elements 20 are enclosed by the feed balun 124 of the debuggable radiating element 10 and are located in the debuggable radiating element 10. Internal, thus forming a high and low frequency nested structure.
  • the coupling loaders 16 of the three debuggable radiating elements 10 each include a first coupling loading portion 162 and a second coupling loading portion 164, and the second coupling loading portion 164 approaches the reflecting plate 610.
  • the direction extends.
  • the lengths of the first coupling loading portion 162 and the second coupling loading portion 164 are equal, and in the second debuggable radiating unit 10, the length of the second coupling loading portion 164 is greater than The first coupling loading portion 162.
  • the second coupling load portion 164 having a larger length serves as the radiation arm of the tunable radiation unit 10 together with the vibrator arm 1262, and also serves as a decoupling loading member of the antenna.
  • the coupling loader 16 is equivalent to increase the size of the tunable radiation unit 10, effectively reducing the energy coupling between the tunable radiation unit 10 and the high frequency radiation unit 20 as a unit of low frequency radiation, and improving the high and low frequency Inter-frequency isolation.
  • the lengthening of the radiating arms of the tunable radiating element 10 also improves the energy coupling between the high frequency radiating element 20 nested within the tunable radiating element 10 and the high frequency radiating element 20 located outside the tunable unit, and finally The isolation of the high frequency antenna is improved, the use of the high frequency decoupling loading component is reduced, and the influence of the high frequency debugging component on the low frequency isolation is reduced.
  • an antenna 700 of the fifth embodiment is similar to the third embodiment, and includes a reflector 710, a debuggable radiating unit 10 and a high-frequency radiating unit 20 on the reflector 710, and a high-frequency radiating unit. 20 is spaced from the programmable radiation unit 10 and/or is disposed within the programmable radiation unit 10 to be enclosed by the feed balun 124.
  • the antenna includes three configurable radiation units 10 and five high frequency radiation units 20 that are spaced apart as low frequency radiating elements. Two of the high frequency radiating elements 20 are located between two adjacent debuggable radiating elements 10, and the other three high frequency radiating elements 20 are enclosed by the feed balun 124 of the debuggable radiating element 10 and are located in the debuggable radiating element 10. Internal, thus forming a high and low frequency nested structure.
  • the coupling loaders 16 of the three debuggable radiating elements 10 each include a first coupling loading portion 162 and a second coupling loading portion 164, and the second coupling loading portion 164 approaches the reflecting plate. Extended in the 710 direction.
  • the first coupling loading portion 162 of the coupling loader 16 of the first and third debuggable radiating elements 10 is equal in length to the second coupling loading portion 164.
  • the length of the second coupling loading portion 164 of the coupling loader 16 of the second configurable radiation unit 10 is greater than the length of the first coupling loading portion 162, and the coupling loader 16 extending along the spacing direction of the configurable radiation unit 10 further includes The three coupling loading unit 166.
  • the second coupling loading portion 164 and the third coupling loading portion 166 serve both as the coupled oscillator arm 1262 of the debugable radiating element 10 and also as a decoupling loading component of the antenna 700.
  • the second coupling loading portion 164 is equivalent to the third coupling loading portion 166 to increase the size of the debuggable radiating unit 10 as a low frequency radiating unit, effectively reducing the between the debuggable radiating unit 10 and the high frequency radiating unit 20. Energy coupling improves inter-frequency isolation between high and low frequencies.
  • the energy coupling between the high frequency radiating element nested within the tunable radiating element 10 and the high frequency radiating element 20 outside the tunable radiating element 10 is also improved.
  • the third coupling loading portion 166 can change the energy coupling between the two polarizations of the second tunable radiation unit 10, reducing the use of high frequency, low frequency decoupling loading components, and reducing the low frequency isolation of the high frequency debugging components. The degree of influence and energy coupling with the adjacent tunable radiating element 10 ultimately improves the antenna low frequency isolation.
  • an antenna 800 of the sixth embodiment is similar to the third embodiment, and includes a reflector 810, a tunable radiation unit 10 on the reflector 810, and a high-frequency radiation unit 20, and a high-frequency radiation unit. 20 is spaced from the programmable radiation unit 10 and/or is disposed within the programmable radiation unit 10 to be enclosed by the feed balun 124.
  • the antenna 800 includes three configurable radiation units 10 and five high frequency radiation units 20 that are spaced apart as low frequency radiating elements. Two of the high frequency radiating elements 20 are located between two adjacent debuggable radiating elements 10, and the other three high frequency radiating elements 20 are enclosed by the feed balun 124 of the debuggable radiating element 10 and are located in the debuggable radiating element 10. Internal, thus forming a high and low frequency nested structure.
  • the coupling loaders 16 of the three debuggable radiating elements 10 each include a first coupling loading portion 162 and a second coupling loading portion 164, and the second coupling loading portion 164 is directed toward the reflecting plate. Extend (ie extend downwards).
  • the first coupling loading portion 162 of the coupling loader 16 of the first tunable radiating element is equal in length to the second coupling loading portion 164; the coupling of the second tunable radiating element 10 at the high frequency isolation sensitive position
  • the length of the second coupling loading portion 164 of the loading member 16 is greater than the length of the first coupling loading portion 162 to enhance high frequency isolation.
  • the first coupling loading portion 162 of the coupling loader 16 of the third configurable radiating element 10 located at the low frequency isolation sensitive position is equal in length to the second coupling loading portion 164, and is coupled to extend along the spacing direction of the tunable radiation unit 10.
  • the member 16 also includes a third coupling loading portion 166 to enhance low frequency isolation.
  • the combination of different coupling loads 16 may be selected according to the actual debugging requirements to improve the isolation of the antenna, and is not limited to the setting combination in the above embodiment.
  • the above antenna can improve the isolation of the antenna by setting different coupling loading members 16, and has better debugging consistency and high debugging efficiency.
  • the use of the debugger is reduced, the influence of the high frequency decoupling debugger on the low frequency circuit and the low frequency decoupling debugger on the high frequency circuit is significantly reduced, and the decoupling loading component is reduced to the antenna. The effect of the pattern.

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Abstract

本发明涉及一种可调试辐射单元及天线，可调试辐射单元包括：振子主体，包括底座、多对馈电巴伦及多个偶极子，多对馈电巴伦环绕底座的中心轴线对称设置，每对馈电巴伦均连接一个偶极子，每个偶极子均包括振子臂，振子臂具有辐射面；多个绝缘介质层，每个绝缘介质层可拆卸地分别连接于一个振子臂并至少部分覆盖辐射面；多个耦合加载件，每个耦合加载件可拆卸地分别连接于一个绝缘介质层并至少部分覆盖绝缘介质层远离辐射面一侧，与振子臂耦合成辐射臂。上述可调试辐射单元，可选择安装于振子主体上的耦合加载件与阵子臂共同充当该可调试辐射单元的辐射臂，也可起到调节电路作用，且可根据不同需要自由拆装不同形状的耦合加载件以达到不同的效果。

Description

可调试辐射单元及天线 技术领域
本发明涉及移动通信天线领域，特别是涉及一种可调试辐射单元及天线。
背景技术
随着天线技术发展，小型化和多频化成为天线一个重要发展趋势。高低频嵌套方案是实现多频天线的一个重要方法。高低频嵌套方案中，由于高低频之间的相互影响，天线隔离度指标实现难度大。目前所公知的多极化天线隔离度调节方法，典型特征为在辐射单元四周以及辐射单元之间增加去耦合加载部件，这些去耦合加载部件的位置都在辐射单元周围或者辐射单元之间，去耦部件与相应的辐射单元之间感应产生的第一电流(即辐射单元在相应的去耦部件上产生的感应电流)，能最大效率地抵消天线阵列的相邻辐射单元之间相互感应产生的第二电流。
而在高低频嵌套方案中，目前所公知的隔离度调试方法，低频去耦合调试件在优化低频隔离度同时，对高频的隔离度影响大，易造成高频隔离恶化；而高频的去耦合和调试件对低频的隔离度也有影响，造成低频隔离度恶化。由于上述现象存在，造成调完低频调高频，调完高频调低频，反复调试现象，而且使用的去耦合调试种类繁杂，数量大，造成调试耗时多，调试一致性差，且大量去耦合调试件的使用，加剧边界条件的不对称性，造成天线方向图恶化。
发明内容
基于此，有必要针对天线的辐射单元的隔离度调整效果较差的问题，提供一种隔离度调整效果较好的可调试辐射单元及天线。
一种可调试辐射单元，所述可调试辐射单元包括：
振子主体，包括底座、多对馈电巴伦及多个偶极子，多对所述馈电巴伦环绕所述底座的中心轴线对称设置，每对所述馈电巴伦均连接一个所述偶极子，每个所述偶极子均包括振子臂，所述振子臂具有辐射面；
多个绝缘介质层，每个所述绝缘介质层可拆卸地分别连接于一个所述振子臂并至少部分覆盖所述辐射面；以及
多个耦合加载件，每个所述耦合加载件可拆卸地分别连接于所述一个所述绝缘介质层并至少部分覆盖所述绝缘介质层远离所述辐射面一侧，与所述振子臂耦合成辐射臂。
上述可调试辐射单元，可选择安装于振子主体上的耦合加载件与阵子臂共同充当该可调试辐射单元的辐射臂，也可起到调节电路作用，且可根据不同需要自由拆装不同形状的耦合加载件以达到不同的效果，从而无需单独设置其它调试件，显著降低调试件对电路的影响及对方向图的恶化作用。
在其中一个实施例中，多对所述馈电巴伦自所述底座边缘以凸出所述底座所在平面的方式向外延伸，每对所述馈电巴伦远离所述底座一端设有一个所述偶极子。
在其中一个实施例中，每个所述偶极子包括一对振子臂，每个所述振子臂分别自其中一个所述馈电巴伦向远离所述底座的中心轴线方向延伸。
在其中一个实施例中，所述耦合加载件包括第一耦合加载部及自第一耦合加载部的一侧弯折设置的第二耦合加载部，所述第一耦合加载部至少部分覆盖于所述绝缘介质层，每个所述第二耦合加载部位于所述绝缘介质层背向所述底座的中心轴线的一侧，多个所述第二耦合加载部沿周向环绕所述振子主体的外周。
在其中一个实施例中，所述第一耦合加载部与所述第二耦合加载部之间的夹角大致呈90°。
在其中一个实施例中，所述第二耦合加载部的长度与所述第一耦合加载部的长度相同；
或，所述第二耦合加载部的长度大于所述第一耦合加载部的长度，所述第二耦合加载部长度方向上的两端突伸出所述第一耦合加载部；
或,所述第二耦合加载部的长度小于所述第一耦合加载部的长度，所述第二耦合加载部两端沿长度方向收缩。
在其中一个实施例中，所述耦合加载件还包括第三耦合加载部，所述第三 耦合加载部自第二耦合加载部远离所述第一耦合加载部一侧沿所述第二耦合加载部的宽度方向延伸并逐渐远离所述第一耦合加载部。
在其中一个实施例中，所述第三耦合加载部在所述第二耦合加载部的长度方向上的尺寸小于所述第二耦合加载部的长度。
一种天线，包括上述的可调试辐射单元，所述天线还包括反射板，所述反射板上间隔排列有多个所述可调试辐射单元。
在其中一个实施例中，所述天线还包括高频辐射单元，所述高频辐射单元与所述可调试辐射单元间隔设置和/或设于所述可调试辐射单元内以被所述馈电巴伦围合。
附图说明
图1为一实施方式的可调试辐射单元的结构示意图；
图2为图1所示的可调试辐射单元的耦合加载件的示意图；
图3为一实施方式的可调试辐射单元的耦合加载件的示意图；
图4为另一实施方式的可调试辐射单元的耦合加载件的示意图；
图5为又一实施方式的可调试辐射单元的耦合加载件的示意图；
图6为第一实施例的天线的结构示意图；
图7为第二实施例的天线的结构示意图；
图8为第三实施例的天线的结构示意图；
图9为第四实施例的天线的结构示意图；
图10为第五实施例的天线的结构示意图；
图11为第六实施例的天线的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
为了便于理解本发明，下面将参照相关附图对本发明进行更全面的描述。附图中给出了本发明的较佳的实施例。但是，本发明可以以许多不同的形式来实现，并不限于本文所描述的实施例。相反地，提供这些实施例的目的是使对本发明的公开内容的理解更加透彻全面。
需要说明的是，当元件被称为“固定于”另一个元件，它可以直接在另一个元件上或者也可以存在居中的元件。当一个元件被认为是“连接”另一个元件，它可以是直接连接到另一个元件或者可能同时存在居中元件。本文所使用的术语“垂直的”、“水平的”、“左”、“右”以及类似的表述只是为了说明的目的。
除非另有定义，本文所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本发明的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同。本文中在本发明的说明书中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的，不是旨在于限制本发明。本文所使用的术语“及/或”包括一个或多个相关的所列项目的任意的和所有的组合。
如图1所示，本较佳实施方式的一种可调试辐射单元10，该可调试辐射单元10包括振子主体12、绝缘介质层14及耦合加载件16。
其中，振子主体12包括底座122、多对馈电巴伦124及多个偶极子126，多对馈电巴伦124环绕底座122的中心轴线对称设置，每对馈电巴伦124均连接一个偶极子126，每个偶极子126均包括振子臂1262，振子臂1262具有辐射面。每个绝缘介质层14可拆卸地分别连接于一个振子臂1262并至少部分覆盖辐射面。每个耦合加载件16可拆卸地分别连接于一个绝缘介质层14并至少部分覆盖绝缘介质层14远离辐射面一侧，以与对应振子臂1262耦合成辐射臂。
上述可调试辐射单元10，可选择安装于振子主体12上的耦合加载件16与阵子臂1262共同充当该可调试辐射单元10的辐射臂，也可起到调节电路作用，且可根据不同需要自由拆装不同形状的耦合加载件16以达到不同的效果，从而无需单独设置其它调试件，显著降低调试件对电路的影响及对方向图的恶化作用。
请继续参阅图1，多对馈电巴伦124自底座122边缘以凸出底座122所在平面的方式呈辐射状向外延伸，辐射臂通过巴伦124进行馈电，从而产生向空中辐射的波束以发射或接收通信信号。每对馈电巴伦124远离底座122一侧设有一个偶极子126，每个偶极子126包括一对振子臂1262，每个振子臂1262分别自其中一个馈电巴伦124向远离底座122的中心轴线的方向延伸，且振子臂1262的延伸方向与底座122大致平行以便于安装耦合加载件16，从而与耦合加载件16共同形成辐射臂。
具体地，振子主体12包括四对馈电巴伦124，每对馈电巴伦124中的两个馈电巴伦124对称设置，四对馈电巴伦124两两对称环绕底座122四周以围合成正方形口径。馈电巴伦124大致呈梯形，且馈电巴伦124的宽度自底座122向远离底座122方向逐渐增大，因此多个馈电巴伦124之间的距离也自底座122向远离底座122方向逐渐增大。振子臂1262也为四对，每对振子臂1262包括两个对称设置的振子臂1262，每个振子臂1262均与一个馈电巴伦124一一对应设置。振子臂1262为阶跃渐变结构，包括第一振子臂节及位于第一振子臂节一端的第二振子臂节，其中第一振子臂节为非渐变的均匀结构，第二振子臂节为自连接第一振子臂节一端的两侧向中间均匀变小的渐变结构。在每对振子臂1262中，两个第一振子臂节相邻，两个第二振子臂节相互远离。
绝缘介质层14呈形状与偶极子126的形状匹配的片状机构，绝缘介质层14的厚度和介电常数可根据需要调整。
如图2所示，耦合加载件16包括第一耦合加载部162及自第一耦合加载部162的一侧弯折设置的第二耦合加载部164，第一耦合加载部162与第二耦合加载部164之间的夹角大致呈90°，第一耦合加载部162至少部分覆盖于绝缘介质层14，每个第二耦合加载部164位于绝缘介质层14背向底座122的中心轴线的一侧，多个第二耦合加载部164沿周向环绕振子主体12的外周。可以理解，第一耦合加载部162与第二耦合加载部164之间的夹角可根据实际需要变化，不仅仅局限于90°。
在一实施例中，第一耦合加载部162的上端面覆盖绝缘介质层14，从而使第二耦合加载部164向远离底座122的上方延伸。在另一实施例中，第一耦合加载部162的下端面覆盖绝缘介质层14，从而使第二耦合加载部164向靠近底座122的下方延伸。
如图2所示，第二耦合加载部164的长度可与第一耦合加载部162的长度相同，也可如图3所示，第二耦合加载部164的长度大于第一耦合加载部162的长度。当第二耦合加载部164的长度大于第一耦合加载部162的长度时，第二耦合加载部164长度方向上的两端突伸出第一耦合加载部162。在其它实施例中，第二耦合加载部164的长度也可小于第一耦合加载部162的长度，第二耦 合加载部162两端沿长度方向收缩。
如图4及图5所示，在一实施例中，进一步地，耦合加载件16还包括第三耦合加载部166，第三耦合加载部166自第二耦合加载部164远离第一耦合加载部162一侧沿第二耦合加载部164的宽度方向延伸并逐渐远离第一耦合加载部162，且第三耦合加载部166在第二耦合加载部164的长度方向上的长度(即第三耦合加载部166的宽度)小于第二耦合加载部164的长度。
如此，耦合加载件16既可作为耦合振子臂1262，也可作为去耦合加载部件，以改变可调试辐射单元10两个极化之间的能量耦合及与其它辐射单元之间的能量耦合，从而提升设有该可调试辐射单元10的整机隔离度。
上述可调试辐射单元10，不同形状的耦合加载件16可选择地安装在振子主体12上，既充当辐射单元振子臂1262也可起到调节件的作用，通过使用不同形式的耦合加载件16实现功能不同的辐射单元。
如图6所示，第一实施例的一种天线300，包括上述可调试辐射单元10。天线300还包括反射板310，反射板310上间隔排列有多个可调试辐射单元10。
具体地，五个可调试辐射单元10作为五个低频辐射单元依次等距离间隔排列在反射板310上，以组成单低频天线阵列。其中，五个可调试辐射单元10的耦合加载件16均包括长度相等的第一耦合加载部162与第二耦合加载部164，且第二耦合加载部164均向反射板310方向延伸。第三个可调试辐射单元10作为隔离敏感的辐射单元，该可调试辐射单元10上沿可调试辐射单元10间隔方向延伸的两个耦合加载件16还包括第三耦合加载部166，该第三耦合加载部166既与振子臂1262共同作为可调试辐射单元10的辐射臂，同时也作为天线300的去耦合加载部件，以改变该第三个可调试辐射单元10两个极化之间的能量耦合及相邻两个可调试辐射单元10之间的能量耦合，从而提升天线300整机隔离度，以代替常规去耦合加载部件提升天线300的隔离度。
如图7所示，第二实施例的一种天线400，与第一实施例相似，五个可调试辐射单元10作为五个低频辐射单元依次等距离间隔排列在反射板410上，以组成单低频天线阵列。
与第一实施例的不同之处在于，在本第二实施例中，五个可调试辐射单元 10的耦合加载件16均包括长度相等的第一耦合加载部162与第二耦合加载部164。其中，第一、第三及第五个可调试辐射单元10的耦合加载件16的第二耦合加载部164向反射板410方向延伸(即向下延伸)，第二及第四个可调试辐射单元10的耦合加载件16的第二耦合加载部164向远离反射板410方向延伸(即向上延伸)。如此，不同形状的耦合加载件16交替使用，从而有效改善相邻两个的可调试辐射单元10之间的能量耦合，提升了天线400的隔离度。
如图8所示，第三实施例的一种天线500，包括设于反射板510及位于反射板510上的可调试辐射单元10与高频辐射单元20，高频辐射单元20与可调试辐射单元10间隔设置和/或设于可调试辐射单元10内以被馈电巴伦124围合。
具体地，天线500包括三个间隔设置的作为低频辐射单元的可调试辐射单元10与五个高频辐射单元20。其中两个高频辐射单元20位于相邻两个可调试辐射单元10之间，另外三个高频辐射单元20被可调试辐射单元10的馈电巴伦124围合而位于可调试辐射单元10内部，从而形成高低频嵌套结构。
其中，三个可调试辐射单元10的耦合加载件16均包括长度相等的第一耦合加载部162与第二耦合加载部164，且第二耦合加载部164向底座122方向延伸。第二个可调试辐射单元10的其中两个沿可调试辐射单元10间隔方向延伸的耦合加载件16具有第三耦合加载部166。如此，第三耦合加载部166既可与振子臂1262共同作为第二个可调试辐射单元10的辐射臂，也作为天线500的去耦合加载部件，可改变可调试辐射单元10两个极化之间的能量耦合以及相邻可调试辐射单元10与高频辐射单元之间的能量耦合，从而提升天线500整机隔离度，而无需加载去耦合加载部件，最大限度减少低频去耦合加载部件对高频隔离度恶化的作用，保证高频初始状态具有良好的隔离度。
如图9所示，第四实施例的一种天线600，与第三实施例相似，包括反射板610及位于反射板610上的可调试辐射单元10及高频辐射单元20，高频辐射单元20与可调试辐射单元10间隔设置和/或设于可调试辐射单元10内以被馈电巴伦124围合。
具体地，天线600包括三个间隔设置的作为低频辐射单元的可调试辐射单元10与五个高频辐射单元20。其中两个高频辐射单元20位于相邻两个可调试 辐射单元10之间，另外三个高频辐射单元20被可调试辐射单元10的馈电巴伦124围合而位于可调试辐射单元10内部，从而形成高低频嵌套结构。
与第三实施例不同之处在于，三个可调试辐射单元10的耦合加载件16均包括第一耦合加载部162与第二耦合加载部164，且第二耦合加载部164向靠近反射板610方向延伸。在第一与第三个可调试辐射单元10中，第一耦合加载部162与第二耦合加载部164的长度相等，第二个可调试辐射单元10中，第二耦合加载部164的长度大于第一耦合加载部162。此时，长度较大的第二耦合加载部164既与振子臂1262共同作为可调试辐射单元10的辐射臂，同时也作为天线的去耦合加载部件。该耦合加载件16等效加大了可调试辐射单元10的尺寸，有效的减少了作为低频辐射的单元的可调试辐射单元10与高频辐射单元20之间的能量耦合，提升了高低频之间的异频隔离度。同时，通过可调试辐射单元10的辐射臂加长，也改善了嵌套于可调试辐射单元10内的高频辐射单元20与位于可调试单元外的高频辐射单元20之间的能量耦合，最终提升了高频天线的隔离度，减少了高频去耦合加载部件的使用，减少了高频调试件对低频隔离度的影响。
如图10所示，第五实施例的一种天线700，与第三实施例相似，包括反射板710及位于反射板710上的可调试辐射单元10及高频辐射单元20，高频辐射单元20与可调试辐射单元10间隔设置和/或设于可调试辐射单元10内以被馈电巴伦124围合。
具体地，天线包括三个间隔设置的作为低频辐射单元的可调试辐射单元10与五个高频辐射单元20。其中两个高频辐射单元20位于相邻两个可调试辐射单元10之间，另外三个高频辐射单元20被可调试辐射单元10的馈电巴伦124围合而位于可调试辐射单元10内部，从而形成高低频嵌套结构。
与第三实施例的不同之处在于，三个可调试辐射单元10的耦合加载件16均包括第一耦合加载部162与第二耦合加载部164，且第二耦合加载部164向靠近反射板710方向延伸。第一个与第三个可调试辐射单元10的耦合加载件16的第一耦合加载部162与第二耦合加载部164的长度相等。第二个可调试辐射单元10的耦合加载件16的第二耦合加载部164的长度大于第一耦合加载部162 的长度，且沿可调试辐射单元10间隔方向延伸的耦合加载件16还包括第三耦合加载部166。
如此，第二耦合加载部164与第三耦合加载部166既作为可调试辐射单元10的耦合振子臂1262，同时也作为天线700的去耦合加载部件。第二耦合加载部164与第三耦合加载部166等效加大了作为低频辐射单元的可调试辐射单元10的尺寸，有效的减小了可调试辐射单元10与高频辐射单元20之间的能量耦合，提升了高低频之间的异频隔离度。同时通过可调试辐射单元10的耦合振子臂1262加长，也改善了嵌套于可调试辐射单元10内的高频辐射单元与位于可调试辐射单元10外的高频辐射单元20之间的能量耦合。同时，第三耦合加载部166可改变第二个可调试辐射单元10两个极化之间的能量耦合，减少了高频、低频去耦合加载部件的使用，减少了高频调试件对低频隔离度影响以及和相邻可调试辐射单元10之间能量耦合，最终提升了天线低频隔离度。此外，同时减少了高频、低频去耦合加载部件的使用，减少了高频调试件对低频隔离度的影响以及低频去耦合加载部件对高频隔离度的影响，同时去耦合加载部件的大量减少，也减少了去耦合加载部件对方向图的恶化作用。
如图11所示，第六实施例的一种天线800，与第三实施例相似，包括反射板810及位于反射板810上的可调试辐射单元10及高频辐射单元20，高频辐射单元20与可调试辐射单元10间隔设置和/或设于可调试辐射单元10内以被馈电巴伦124围合。
具体地，天线800包括三个间隔设置的作为低频辐射单元的可调试辐射单元10与五个高频辐射单元20。其中两个高频辐射单元20位于相邻两个可调试辐射单元10之间，另外三个高频辐射单元20被可调试辐射单元10的馈电巴伦124围合而位于可调试辐射单元10内部，从而形成高低频嵌套结构。
与第三实施例的不同之处在于，三个可调试辐射单元10的耦合加载件16均包括第一耦合加载部162与第二耦合加载部164，且第二耦合加载部164向反射板方向延伸(即向下延伸)。其中，第一个可调辐射单元的耦合加载件16的第一耦合加载部162与第二耦合加载部164的长度相等；位于高频隔离度敏感位置的第二个可调试辐射单元10的耦合加载件16的第二耦合加载部164的长 度大于第一耦合加载部162的长度，以提升高频隔离度。位于低频隔离度敏感位置的第三个可调试辐射单元10的耦合加载件16的第一耦合加载部162与第二耦合加载部164的长度相等，沿可调试辐射单元10间隔方向延伸的耦合加载件16还包括第三耦合加载部166，从而提升低频隔离度。
可以理解，在天线实际调测中，可根据实际调试需求，也选择其它不同的耦合加载件16组合，提升天线的隔离度，而不限于上述实施例中的设置组合。
上述天线，由于可通过设置不同的耦合加载件16，以提高天线的隔离度，具有较好的调试一致性，调试效率较高。在高低频嵌套方案中，减少了调试件的使用，显著降低了高频去耦合调试件对低频电路以及低频去耦合调试件对高频电路的影响，并减小了去耦合加载部件对天线方向图的影响。
以上所述实施例的各技术特征可以进行任意的组合，为使描述简洁，未对上述实施例中的各个技术特征所有可能的组合都进行描述，然而，只要这些技术特征的组合不存在矛盾，都应当认为是本说明书记载的范围。
以上所述实施例仅表达了本发明的几种实施方式，其描述较为具体和详细，但并不能因此而理解为对发明专利范围的限制。应当指出的是，对于本领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明构思的前提下，还可以做出若干变形和改进，这些都属于本发明的保护范围。因此，本发明专利的保护范围应以所附权利要求为准。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种可调试辐射单元，其特征在于，所述可调试辐射单元包括：
    振子主体，包括底座、多对馈电巴伦及多个偶极子，多对所述馈电巴伦环绕所述底座的中心轴线对称设置，每对所述馈电巴伦均连接一个所述偶极子，每个所述偶极子均包括振子臂，所述振子臂具有辐射面；
    多个绝缘介质层，每个所述绝缘介质层可拆卸地分别连接于一个所述振子臂并至少部分覆盖所述辐射面；以及
    多个耦合加载件，每个所述耦合加载件可拆卸地分别连接于所述一个所述绝缘介质层并至少部分覆盖所述绝缘介质层远离所述辐射面一侧，与所述振子臂耦合成辐射臂。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的可调试辐射单元，其特征在于，多对所述馈电巴伦自所述底座边缘以凸出所述底座所在平面的方式向外延伸，每对所述馈电巴伦远离所述底座一端设有一个所述偶极子。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的可调试辐射单元，其特征在于，每个所述偶极子包括一对振子臂，每个所述振子臂分别自其中一个所述馈电巴伦向远离所述底座的中心轴线方向延伸。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的可调试辐射单元，其特征在于，所述耦合加载件包括第一耦合加载部及自第一耦合加载部的一侧弯折设置的第二耦合加载部，所述第一耦合加载部至少部分覆盖于所述绝缘介质层，每个所述第二耦合加载部位于所述绝缘介质层背向所述底座的中心轴线的一侧，多个所述第二耦合加载部沿周向环绕所述振子主体的外周。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的可调试辐射单元，其特征在于，所述第一耦合加载部与所述第二耦合加载部之间的夹角大致呈90°。
  6. 根据权利要求4所述的可调试辐射单元，其特征在于，所述第二耦合加载部的长度与所述第一耦合加载部的长度相同；
    或，所述第二耦合加载部的长度大于所述第一耦合加载部的长度，所述第二耦合加载部长度方向上的两端突伸出所述第一耦合加载部；
    或,所述第二耦合加载部的长度小于所述第一耦合加载部的长度，所述第二 耦合加载部两端沿长度方向收缩。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的可调试辐射单元，其特征在于，所述耦合加载件还包括第三耦合加载部，所述第三耦合加载部自第二耦合加载部远离所述第一耦合加载部一侧沿所述第二耦合加载部的宽度方向延伸并逐渐远离所述第一耦合加载部。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的可调试辐射单元，其特征在于，所述第三耦合加载部在所述第二耦合加载部的长度方向上的尺寸小于所述第二耦合加载部的长度。
  9. 一种天线，其特征在于，包括如权利要求1～8任意一项所述的可调试辐射单元，所述天线还包括反射板，所述反射板上间隔排列有多个所述可调试辐射单元。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的天线，其特征在于，所述天线还包括高频辐射单元，所述高频辐射单元与所述可调试辐射单元间隔设置和/或设于所述可调试辐射单元内以被所述馈电巴伦围合。
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CN109546313B (zh) * 2018-12-29 2023-11-24 京信通信技术(广州)有限公司 宽频辐射单元及天线
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