WO2019119865A1 - Mimo天线***、天线阵列及其低频辐射单元 - Google Patents
Mimo天线***、天线阵列及其低频辐射单元 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2019119865A1 WO2019119865A1 PCT/CN2018/103012 CN2018103012W WO2019119865A1 WO 2019119865 A1 WO2019119865 A1 WO 2019119865A1 CN 2018103012 W CN2018103012 W CN 2018103012W WO 2019119865 A1 WO2019119865 A1 WO 2019119865A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
- H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
- H01Q19/106—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces using two or more intersecting plane surfaces, e.g. corner reflector antennas
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
- H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
- H01Q19/12—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces wherein the surfaces are concave
- H01Q19/17—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces wherein the surfaces are concave the primary radiating source comprising two or more radiating elements
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
- H01Q21/08—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart the units being spaced along or adjacent to a rectilinear path
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/24—Combinations of antenna units polarised in different directions for transmitting or receiving circularly and elliptically polarised waves or waves linearly polarised in any direction
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
- H01Q9/16—Resonant antennas with feed intermediate between the extremities of the antenna, e.g. centre-fed dipole
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of mobile communication technologies, and in particular, to a MIMO antenna system, an antenna array, and a low frequency radiating unit thereof.
- MIMO Multiple-Input Multiple-Output
- MIMO antennas are more and more widely used.
- Common MIMO antenna arrays include single-row dual-polarized antenna arrays and dual-column dual-polarized antenna arrays.
- a single-column antenna array is generally designed to form a dual-column antenna array in a side-by-side layout.
- the distribution of each column antenna array with respect to the edge of the reflecting plate is asymmetrical, that is, the distance of each column antenna array from the boundary of both sides of the reflecting plate is different. That is to say, the width difference between the left and right boundaries of each column antenna array is large, which will cause the radiation pattern of each column antenna array to be asymmetric, the front and back ratios are asymmetrical and asymmetrical, and the half power beam width has poor convergence. And other issues. Therefore, the performance of current dual-column antenna arrays is not good.
- a low frequency radiating element includes two pairs of polarized orthogonal dipoles, and the four dipoles are a first dipole, a second dipole, a third dipole and a fourth dipole
- the low frequency radiating element is an axisymmetric structure and has a first axis of symmetry and a second axis of symmetry perpendicular to each other; wherein the first axis of symmetry and the second axis of symmetry are X and Y axes, the first In the Cartesian coordinate system in which the intersection of the axis of symmetry and the second axis of symmetry is the origin, the first dipole, the second dipole, the third dipole, and the fourth dipole Located in four quadrants of the Cartesian coordinate system, respectively, and the polarities of the dipoles in adjacent two quadrants are opposite;
- each of the dipoles includes a first radiating arm and a second radiating arm, the first radiating arm being coupled to one end of the second radiating arm to form an opening on the dipole, and each The openings of the dipoles are all disposed away from the origin; the first dipole, the second dipole, the third dipole and the fourth dipole are two or two
- the spacing is set to form a first channel and a second channel respectively having the first axis of symmetry and the second axis of symmetry as axes.
- the relative positions between the four dipoles are adjustable to adjust the width of the first channel and the second channel.
- the first channel and the second channel have a width of 0.05 to 0.5 ⁇ , and the ⁇ is an operating wavelength.
- the first radiating arm of each of the dipoles is axially symmetrically distributed with the second radiating arm.
- the first radiating arm of each of the dipoles is vertically connected to the second radiating arm such that each of the dipoles has an "L" shape.
- baluns comprising two support columns such that the baluns are in an "eight" shape, and the two first ones of the same one of the dipoles
- the radiation arm and the second are respectively mounted on the two support columns
- the support column includes a fold line segment for mounting on the reflector plate and extending obliquely in the direction of the radiation arm, and the radiation arm Connected and perpendicular to the vertical section of the reflector.
- An antenna array comprising:
- the reflector is an axisymmetric structure
- a plurality of low frequency radiating elements according to any one of the above preferred embodiments, which are spaced apart along an axis of symmetry of the reflecting plate, and wherein the first axis of symmetry overlaps with an axis of symmetry of the reflecting plate;
- auxiliary radiation unit spaced apart along an axis of symmetry of the reflector, the auxiliary radiation unit comprising vertical and intersecting first and second arms to make the auxiliary radiation unit have a cross shape;
- the first arm is located in the first channel and disposed coaxially with the first channel, the second arm forms a avoidance with the plurality of low frequency radiation units, and the plurality of low frequencies
- the radiating element and the plurality of auxiliary radiating elements form two antenna queues.
- the second arm is located within a gap of two adjacent low frequency radiating elements to form a avoidance with the plurality of low frequency radiating elements.
- the second arm is located in the second passage and disposed coaxially with the second passage to form a avoidance position with the plurality of low frequency radiating elements.
- the plurality of low frequency radiating elements and the plurality of auxiliary radiating elements are respectively sorted along an extending direction of the first axis of symmetry, and the odd numbered of the low frequency radiating elements and the even numbered
- the auxiliary radiating elements are electrically connected to form one of the antenna queues, and the even-numbered low frequency radiating elements are electrically coupled to the odd-numbered auxiliary radiating elements to form another of the antenna queues.
- the plurality of low frequency radiating elements are electrically connected to form one of the antenna queues, the plurality of auxiliary radiating elements being electrically connected to form another of the antenna queues.
- a MIMO antenna system comprising the antenna array and the two signal transceiving modules according to any one of the above preferred embodiments, wherein the two signal transceiving modules are electrically connected to the two antenna queues, respectively.
- the reflector, the low-frequency radiating unit and the auxiliary radiating unit are all axisymmetric, and the plurality of low-frequency radiating units and the plurality of auxiliary radiating units are disposed along the symmetry axis of the reflecting plate. Furthermore, the first arm of the cross-shaped auxiliary radiation unit is located in the first channel and is arranged coaxially with the first channel. That is to say, the reflector, the low-frequency radiation unit and the auxiliary radiation unit are coaxial.
- the two antenna queues are formed by combining a plurality of low frequency radiating elements and a plurality of auxiliary radiating elements.
- the distance between the two antenna queues is the same as the distance between the two sides of the reflecting plate, and the width difference between the left and right borders is small, that is, the symmetry is better. Therefore, the radiation pattern of each column antenna queue is more symmetrical, so that the performance of the above MIMO antenna system is effectively improved.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of an antenna array according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a low frequency radiation unit in the antenna array shown in FIG. 1;
- Figure 3 is a plan view of the low frequency radiation unit shown in Figure 2;
- Figure 4 is a side view of the low frequency radiation unit shown in Figure 2;
- Figure 5 is a simulation result of the 78 mm pitch simulation of the low frequency radiation unit shown in Figure 2;
- FIG. 6 is a simulation result of the 38 mm pitch simulation of the low frequency radiation unit shown in FIG. 2;
- Figure 7 is a simulation result diagram of the antenna array shown in Figure 1;
- FIG. 8 is a schematic structural view of an antenna array in another embodiment
- FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna array in still another embodiment.
- the present invention provides a MIMO antenna system, an antenna array, and a low frequency radiating element.
- the MIMO antenna system includes two signal transceiver modules and the above antenna array.
- an antenna array 10 in a preferred embodiment of the present invention includes a reflector 100, a low frequency radiating element 200, and an auxiliary radiating unit 300.
- the reflector 100 mainly functions to reflect and enhance electromagnetic wave signals, and is generally a metal plate structure. Further, the reflecting plate 100 has an axisymmetric structure. Specifically, the reflector 100 may have a rectangular plate shape, a circular plate shape, or the like.
- the low frequency radiating elements 200 are plural and are arranged along the symmetry axis of the reflecting plate 100.
- the low frequency radiating element 200 includes two pairs of polarization orthogonal dipoles 210.
- the four dipoles 210 are a first dipole 210a, a second dipole 210b, a third dipole 210c, and a fourth dipole 210d, respectively.
- Each of the dipoles 210 includes two radiating arms 211, which are a first radiating arm 211a and a second radiating arm 211b, respectively. .
- the low frequency radiating element 200 is an axisymmetric structure and has a first axis of symmetry and a second axis of symmetry perpendicular to each other. Further, in the antenna array 10, the first axis of symmetry overlaps with the axis of symmetry of the reflecting plate 100.
- the first dipole 210a and the second dipole 210b, The third dipole 210c and the fourth dipole 210d are respectively located in four quadrants. Further, the polarities of the dipoles 210 in the adjacent two quadrants are opposite. That is, the two dipoles 210 of the diagonal have the same polarity.
- the first radiating arm 211a of each dipole 210 is connected to one end of the second radiating arm 211b to form an opening on the dipole 210, and the opening of each dipole 210 is disposed along the back toward the origin.
- the four dipoles 210 are circumferentially distributed around the intersection of the first axis of symmetry and the second axis of symmetry, and the low frequency radiating elements 200 formed by the four dipoles 210 have a " ⁇ " shape.
- the first radiating arm 211a and the second radiating arm 211b of each dipole 210 are axially symmetrically distributed. Therefore, the dipole 210 electromagnetic radiation is more uniform.
- each dipole 210 is vertically connected to the second radiating arm 211b such that each dipole 210 has an "L" shape.
- first dipole 210a, the second dipole 210b, the third dipole 210c, and the fourth dipole 210d are spaced apart from each other. Therefore, the first channel 220 and the second channel 230 are formed between the four dipoles 210. Moreover, the first channel 220 and the second channel 230 respectively have an axis of the first axis of symmetry and a second axis of symmetry. It should be noted that the widths of the first channel 220 and the second channel 230 are generally set to be the same, but may also be set to be different.
- the low frequency radiating unit 200 further includes a balun 240.
- the balun 240 is four, and four dipoles 210 are mounted on four baluns 240, respectively.
- the balun 240 can support the dipole 210 and also balance the current, so that the two radiating arms 211 of the dipole 210 achieve a balanced output.
- the balun 240 includes two support columns 241 to make the balun 240 a figure-eight shape.
- Two radiating arms 211 of the same dipole 210 are mounted on the two support columns 241, respectively.
- the support column 241 includes a fold line segment 2412 and a vertical segment 2414.
- the folding line segment 2412 is mounted on the reflecting plate 100 and obliquely extends in the direction of the radiating arm 211 to be connected to one end of the vertical section 2414.
- the other end of the vertical section 2414 is connected to the radiating arm 211 and perpendicular to the reflecting plate 100.
- the balun 240 can also reduce the distance between the dipole 210 and the surface of the reflector 100, thereby reducing the vertical height of the frequency radiating unit 200, which is advantageous for miniaturization of the entire antenna array 10.
- the auxiliary radiation unit 300 is plural and disposed at intervals along the symmetry axis of the reflection plate 100. That is, the plurality of auxiliary radiation units 300 are arranged on the reflection plate 100 in the same manner as the plurality of low frequency radiation units 200.
- the auxiliary radiating unit 300 includes a first arm 310 and a second arm 320 that are perpendicular and intersect to make the auxiliary radiating unit 300 in a cross shape. It can be seen that the auxiliary radiating unit 300 also has an axisymmetric structure, and the first arm 310 and the second arm overlap with the two axes of symmetry, respectively.
- the auxiliary radiating unit 300 has the same function as the low-frequency radiating unit 200, that is, for transmitting and receiving electromagnetic wave signals, so that the first arm 210 and the second arm 320 correspond to the two radiating arms 211.
- the first arm 310 is located in the first channel 220 and disposed coaxially with the first channel 220. Since the axis of the first channel 220 is the first axis of symmetry of the low frequency radiating element 200, the reflecting plate 100, the low frequency radiating unit 200 and the auxiliary radiating unit 300 are coaxially disposed.
- the second arm 320 forms a avoidance with the plurality of low frequency radiating elements 200. Specifically, the second arm 320 may be located in the second channel 230 or may be located in a gap between two adjacent low-frequency radiating units 200 to form a avoidance position with the plurality of low-frequency radiating units 200.
- Each of the low frequency radiating unit 200 and the auxiliary radiating unit 300 can be used as a minimum unit for transmitting electromagnetic wave signals, and a plurality of minimum units are combined to form an antenna queue.
- the plurality of low frequency radiating elements 200 and the plurality of auxiliary radiating units 300 form two antenna queues, so that the antenna array 10 is a double column antenna array structure.
- the two antenna queues are a first antenna queue 11 and a second antenna queue 12 .
- the first antenna queue 11 may include only the low frequency radiating unit 200, or only the auxiliary radiating unit 300, or include the partial low frequency radiating unit 200 and the partial auxiliary radiating unit 300; and the second antenna queue 12 includes the remaining low frequency radiating elements 200 and/or auxiliary radiation unit 300.
- two signal transceiving modules are electrically connected to two antenna queues, respectively. Therefore, two sets of electromagnetic wave signal transceiving systems can be formed.
- the two antenna queues are formed by combining a plurality of low-frequency radiating units 200 and a plurality of auxiliary radiating units 300, the two antennas are arranged in a distance from the reflecting plate 100.
- the distance between the two sides of the boundary is the same, and the difference between the left and right boundaries is small, that is, the symmetry is better.
- the radiation pattern of each column antenna queue is more symmetrical, the front-back ratio is better than the symmetry, and the convergence of the half-power beam width is improved, so that the performance of the above MIMO antenna system is effectively improved.
- the arrangement of the two columns of antenna queues is changed from the existing parallel arrangement to the nested setting. Therefore, the width of the reflecting plate 100 can be effectively reduced to achieve miniaturization of the array antenna 10, thereby facilitating the construction of the base station.
- the relative positions between the four dipoles 210 are adjustable to adjust the widths of the first channel 220 and the second channel 230.
- the vertical and horizontal spacing between the dipoles 210 is generally 0.05 ⁇ to 0.5 ⁇ ( ⁇ is the operating wavelength), that is, the widths of the first channel 220 and the second channel 230 are 0.05 ⁇ to 0.5 ⁇ .
- ⁇ is the operating wavelength
- Table 1 below is the simulation data corresponding to the horizontal half-power beam width of the low-frequency radiation unit 200. As can be seen from the data, the width of the low-frequency radiation unit 200 can be flexibly changed by changing the value of the width d.
- the second arm 320 is located in the second channel 230 and disposed coaxially with the second channel 230 to form a avoidance position with the plurality of low frequency radiating elements 200.
- the auxiliary radiation unit 300 is entirely nested in the low frequency radiation unit 200. Therefore, the array antenna 10 is symmetrical in all directions, and the antenna queue has better symmetry, which is advantageous for further improving the performance of the antenna array 10 and the MIMO antenna system.
- the plurality of low frequency radiating units 200 are electrically connected to form one of the antenna queues, and the plurality of auxiliary radiating units 300 are electrically connected to form another antenna queue.
- the smallest unit of the electromagnetic wave signal is in the same shape, so that the symmetry of the antenna queue can be further improved, thereby further improving the performance of the antenna array 10.
- the array antenna 10 shown in FIG. 1 is taken as an example.
- the three low-frequency radiating elements 200 are sequentially sorted into 1, 2, and 3 along the extending direction of the first symmetry axis, and the three auxiliary radiating units 300 are sequentially sorted into 1, 2, and 3. number.
- the low frequency radiating elements 200 of No. 1, No. 2 and No. 3 form a first antenna queue 11; and the auxiliary radiating elements 300 of No. 1, No. 2 and No. 3 form a second antenna queue 12.
- FIG. 7 is a simulation result diagram of the antenna array 10 in the present embodiment.
- Table 2 is a summary of data of the wavelength width, the front-rear ratio, and the axial cross-polarization of the antenna array 10 and the existing antenna array in the present embodiment. It can be seen that the antenna array 10 has a significant convergence in wave width, and the front-back ratio and the axial cross-polarization are also significantly improved.
- the second arm 320 is located in the gap of the adjacent two low frequency radiating elements 200 to form a avoidance with the plurality of low frequency radiating elements 200.
- the difference lies only in the set position of the auxiliary radiation unit 300.
- the plurality of auxiliary radiation units 300 are interposed between the plurality of low frequency radiation units 200.
- the two ends of the first arm 310 of one of the auxiliary radiating units 300 are respectively located in the first channels 220 of the adjacent two low frequency radiating units 200.
- the distance between the plurality of frequency radiating elements 200 and the plurality of auxiliary radiating elements 300 is increased, thereby contributing to reducing the degree of coupling between the antenna arrays 10 and the two antenna queues in the MIMO antenna system.
- the formation of the antenna queue is not limited to one of the above two embodiments.
- the second arm 320 when the second arm 320 is located in the second channel 230 and disposed coaxially with the second channel 230 to form a avoidance position with the plurality of low frequency radiating elements 200, Both antenna queues are formed by a combination of the low frequency radiating unit 200 and the auxiliary radiating unit 300.
- each of the low frequency radiating unit 200 and the auxiliary radiating unit 300 corresponds to a serial number.
- the odd-numbered low-frequency radiating elements 200 are electrically connected to the even-numbered auxiliary radiating elements 300 to form one of the antenna queues, and the even-numbered low-frequency radiating elements 200 are electrically connected to the odd-numbered auxiliary radiating elements 300 to form another antenna queue.
- the array antenna 10 shown in FIG. 9 is taken as an example.
- the three low-frequency radiating units 200 are sequentially sorted into 1, 2, and 3, and the three auxiliary radiating units 300 are sequentially sorted into 1, 2, and 3.
- the No. 1 and No. 3 low frequency radiating elements 200 and the No. 2 auxiliary radiating unit 300 form a first antenna queue 11; and the No. 2 low frequency radiating unit 200 and the No. 1 and No. 3 auxiliary radiating units 300 form a second antenna queue 12 .
- the low frequency radiating unit 200 and the auxiliary radiating unit 300 are alternately connected to each other to form an antenna queue.
- the widths of the first channel 220 and the second channel 230 are adjusted, the horizontal wave widths of the two antenna queues can be adjusted, thereby further expanding the use scenarios of the antenna queue 10 and the MIMO antenna system.
- the reflection plate 100, the low-frequency radiation unit 200, and the auxiliary radiation unit 300 are all axisymmetric structures, and the plurality of low-frequency radiation units 200 and the plurality of auxiliary radiation units 300 are all spaced apart along the symmetry axis of the reflection plate 100.
- the first arm 310 of the cross-shaped auxiliary radiation unit 300 is located in the first channel 220 and disposed coaxially with the first channel 220. That is, the reflection plate 100, the low frequency radiation unit 200, and the auxiliary radiation unit 300 are coaxial.
- the two antenna queues are formed by combining a plurality of low frequency radiating elements 200 and a plurality of auxiliary radiating units 300.
- the distance between the two antenna queues is the same as the distance between the two sides of the reflecting plate 100, and the width difference between the left and right borders is small, that is, the symmetry. better. Therefore, the radiation pattern of each column antenna queue is more symmetrical, so that the performance of the above MIMO antenna system is effectively improved.
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种MIMO天线***。其中,反射板、低频辐射单元及辅助辐射单元均为轴对称结构,且多个低频辐射单元及多个辅助辐射单元均沿反射板的对称轴间隔设置。此外,十字形的辅助辐射单元的第一支臂位于第一通道内并与第一通道同轴设置。也就是说,反射板、低频辐射单元及辅助辐射单元三者同轴。而两个天线队列由多个低频辐射单元及多个辅助辐射单元组合形成,故两个天线队列距离反射板的两侧边界的距离相同、左右边界之间宽度差距小,即对称性更好。因此,每列天线队列的辐射方向图更对称,从而使上述MIMO天线***的性能得到有效地改善。此外,本发明还提供一种天线阵列及其低频辐射单元。
Description
本发明涉及移动通讯技术领域,特别涉及一种MIMO天线***、天线阵列及其低频辐射单元。
MIMO(Multiple-Input Multiple-Output)技术是一种多天线技术,即在无线通信***的接收端和发射端分别配备有多个天线,使信号通过发射端与接收端的多个天线传送和接收,从而改善通信质量。在当前2G、3G和4G网络共存移动通信的大环境下,为了节约站址和提高频谱利用率,MIMO天线得到越来越广泛的应用。
常见的MIMO天线阵列包括单列双极化天线阵列和双列双极化天线阵列。目前,一般采用并排布局的方式将单列天线阵列设计形成双列天线阵列。
然而,当采用上述方式形成双列天线阵列时,每列天线阵列相对于反射板边缘的分布是不对称的,即每列天线阵列距离反射板的两侧边界的距离不同。也就是说,每列天线阵列的左右边界之间宽度差距较大,这将会导致每列天线阵列的辐射方向图不对称、两边前后比差且不对称,半功率波束宽度的波宽收敛性差等问题。因此,目前的双列天线阵列的性能不佳。
发明内容
基于此,有必要针对现有双列天线阵列性能不佳的问题,提供一种能有效改善性能的MIMO天线***、天线阵列及其低频辐射单元。
一种低频辐射单元,包括两对极化正交的偶极子,四个所述偶极子分别为第一偶极子、第二偶极子、第三偶极子及第四偶极子,所述低频辐射单元为轴对称结构且具有相互垂直的第一对称轴及第二对称轴;在以所述第一对称轴及所述第二对称轴为X、Y轴、所述第一对称轴与所述第二对称轴的交点为原点的直角坐标系中,所述第一偶极子、所述第二偶极子、所述第三偶极子及所述 第四偶极子分别位于所述直角坐标系的四个象限内,且相邻两个象限内的所述偶极子的极性相反;
其中,每个所述偶极子均包括第一辐射臂及第二辐射臂,所述第一辐射臂与所述第二辐射臂的一端连接以在所述偶极子上形成开口,且每个所述偶极子的开口均沿背向所述原点设置;所述第一偶极子、所述第二偶极子、所述第三偶极子及所述第四偶极子两两间隔设置,以形成分别以所述第一对称轴及所述第二对称轴为轴线的第一通道及第二通道。
在其中一个实施例中,四个所述偶极子之间的相对位置可调,以调节所述第一通道及所述第二通道的宽度。
在其中一个实施例中,所述第一通道及所述第二通道的宽度为0.05~0.5λ,所述λ为工作波长。
在其中一个实施例中,每个所述偶极子的所述第一辐射臂与所述第二辐射臂呈轴对称分布。
在其中一个实施例中,每个所述偶极子的所述第一辐射臂与所述第二辐射臂垂直连接,以使每个所述偶极子均呈“L”形。
在其中一个实施例中,还包括四个巴伦,所述巴伦包括两个支撑柱,以使所述巴伦呈“八”字形,同一个所述偶极子的两个所述第一辐射臂及所述第二分别安装于所述两个支撑柱上,所述支撑柱包括用于安装于所述反射板上并沿所述辐射臂方向倾斜延伸的折线段、与所述辐射臂连接并垂直于所述反射板的垂直段。
一种天线阵列,包括:
反射板,为轴对称结构;
多个如上述优选实施例中任一项所述低频辐射单元,沿所述反射板的对称轴间隔设置,且所述第一对称轴与所述反射板的对称轴重叠;及
多个沿所述反射板的对称轴间隔设置的辅助辐射单元,所述辅助辐射单元包括垂直且相交的第一支臂及第二支臂,以使所述辅助辐射单元呈十字形;
其中,所述第一支臂位于所述第一通道内并与所述第一通道同轴设置,所 述第二支臂与所述多个低频辐射单元形成避位,且所述多个低频辐射单元及所述多个辅助辐射单元形成两个天线队列。
在其中一个实施例中,所述第二支臂位于相邻两个低频辐射单元的间隙内,以与所述多个低频辐射单元形成避位。
在其中一个实施例中,所述第二支臂位于所述第二通道内并与所述第二通道同轴设置,以与所述多个低频辐射单元形成避位。
在其中一个实施例中,沿所述第一对称轴的延伸方向分别对所述多个低频辐射单元及所述多个辅助辐射单元进行排序,奇数序号的所述低频辐射单元与偶数序号的所述辅助辐射单元电连接形成其中一个所述天线队列,偶数序号的所述低频辐射单元与奇数序号的所述辅助辐射单元电连接形成另一个所述天线队列。
在其中一个实施例中,所述多个低频辐射单元电连接形成其中一个所述天线队列,所述多个辅助辐射单元电连接形成另一个所述天线队列。
一种MIMO天线***,包括如上述优选实施例中任一项所述天线阵列及两个信号收发模块,所述两个信号收发模块分别与所述两个天线队列电连接。
上述MIMO天线***,反射板、低频辐射单元及辅助辐射单元均为轴对称结构,且多个低频辐射单元及多个辅助辐射单元均沿反射板的对称轴间隔设置。此外,十字形的辅助辐射单元的第一支臂位于第一通道内并与第一通道同轴设置。也就是说,反射板、低频辐射单元及辅助辐射单元三者同轴。而两个天线队列由多个低频辐射单元及多个辅助辐射单元组合形成,故两个天线队列距离反射板的两侧边界的距离相同、左右边界之间宽度差距小,即对称性更好。因此,每列天线队列的辐射方向图更对称,从而使上述MIMO天线***的性能得到有效地改善。
图1为本发明较佳实施例中天线阵列的结构示意图;
图2为图1所示天线阵列中低频辐射单元的结构示意图;
图3为图2所示低频辐射单元的俯视图;
图4为图2所示低频辐射单元的侧视图;
图5为图2所示低频辐射单元78mm间距仿真结果图;
图6为图2所示低频辐射单元38mm间距仿真结果图;
图7图1所示天线阵列的仿真结果图;
图8为另一个实施例中天线阵列的结构示意图;
图9为再一个实施例中天线阵列的结构示意图。
为了便于理解本发明,下面将参照相关附图对本发明进行更全面的描述。附图中给出了本发明的较佳的实施例。但是,本发明可以以许多不同的形式来实现,并不限于本文所描述的实施例。相反地,提供这些实施例的目的是使对本发明的公开内容的理解更加透彻全面。
需要说明的是,当元件被称为“固定于”另一个元件,它可以直接在另一个元件上或者也可以存在居中的元件。当一个元件被认为是“连接”另一个元件,它可以是直接连接到另一个元件或者可能同时存在居中元件。本文所使用的术语“垂直的”、“水平的”、“左”、“右”以及类似的表述只是为了说明的目的。
除非另有定义,本文所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本发明的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同。本文中在本发明的说明书中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的,不是旨在于限制本发明。本文所使用的术语“及/或”包括一个或多个相关的所列项目的任意的和所有的组合。
本发明提供了一种MIMO天线***、天线阵列及低频辐射单元。其中,MIMO天线***包括两个信号收发模块及上述天线阵列。
请参阅图1,本发明较佳实施例中的天线阵列10包括反射板100、低频辐射单元200及辅助辐射单元300。
反射板100主要起到反射及增强电磁波信号的作用,一般为金属板状结构。进一步的,反射板100为轴对称结构。具体的,反射板100可以呈矩形板状、圆形板状等结构。
请一并参阅图2、图3及图4,低频辐射单元200为多个,且沿反射板100的对称轴间隔设置。低频辐射单元200包括两对极化正交的偶极子210。具体的,四个偶极子210分别为第一偶极子210a、第二偶极子210b、第三偶极子210c及第四偶极子210d。其中,每个偶极子210均包括两个辐射臂211,分别为第一辐射臂211a及第二辐射臂211b。。进一步的,低频辐射单元200为轴对称结构且具有相互垂直的第一对称轴及第二对称轴。此外,在天线阵列10中,第一对称轴与反射板100的对称轴重叠。
在以第一对称轴及第二对称轴为X、Y轴、第一对称轴与第二对称轴的交点为原点的直角坐标系中,第一偶极子210a、第二偶极子210b、第三偶极子210c及第四偶极子210d分别位于四个象限内。进一步的,相邻两个象限内的偶极子210的极性相反。也就是说,对角的两个偶极子210的极性相同。
此外,每个偶极子210的第一辐射臂211a与第二辐射臂211b的一端连接以在偶极子210上形成开口,且每个偶极子210的开口均沿背向原点设置。具体的,四个偶极子210围绕第一对称轴与第二对称轴的交点的周向分布,四个偶极子210所形成的低频辐射单元200呈“╬”形。具体在本实施例中,每个偶极子210的第一辐射臂211a与第二辐射臂211b呈轴对称分布。因此,偶极子210电磁辐射更均匀。
进一步的,在本实施例中,每个偶极子210的第一辐射臂211a与第二辐射臂211b垂直连接,以使每个偶极子210均呈“L”形。
而且,第一偶极子210a、第二偶极子210b、第三偶极子210c及第四偶极子210d两两间隔设置。因此,四个偶极子210之间形成有第一通道220及第二通道230。而且,第一通道220及第二通道230分别以第一对称轴及第二对称轴为轴线。需要指出的是,第一通道220与第二通道230的宽度一般设置为相同,但也可以设置成不同。
在本实施例中,低频辐射单元200还包括巴伦240。巴伦240为四个,且四个偶极子210分别安装于四个巴伦240上。巴伦240即可对偶极子210起到支撑作用,也可起到平衡电流的作用,从而使得偶极子210的两个辐射臂211实现平衡的输出。
进一步的,在本实施例中,巴伦240包括两个支撑柱241,以使巴伦240呈八字形。同一个偶极子210的两个辐射臂211分别安装于两个支撑柱241上。支撑柱241包括折线段2412及垂直段2414。折线段2412安装于反射板100上并沿辐射臂211方向倾斜延伸与垂直段2414的一端相连,垂直段2414的另一端与辐射臂211连接并垂直于反射板100。
由于两个支撑柱241形成“八”字形结构。因此,巴伦240还能降低偶极子210与反射板100表面的距离,从而降低频辐射单元200的垂直高度,有利于实现整个天线阵列10的小型化。
辅助辐射单元300为多个,且沿反射板100的对称轴间隔设置。也就是说,多个辅助辐射单元300在反射板100上的排列方式与多个低频辐射单元200相同。辅助辐射单元300包括垂直且相交的第一支臂310及第二支臂320,以使辅助辐射单元300呈十字形。可见,辅助辐射单元300也呈轴对称结构,且第一支臂310及第二支臂分别与两条对称轴重叠。其中,辅助辐射单元300与低频辐射单元200的功能相同,即用于电磁波信号的收发,故第一支臂210及第二支臂320相当于两个辐射臂211。
进一步的,第一支臂310位于第一通道220内并与第一通道220同轴设置。而由于第一通道220的轴线即为低频辐射单元200的第一对称轴,故反射板100、低频辐射单元200及辅助辐射单元300三者同轴设置。第二支臂320与多个低频辐射单元200形成避位。具体的,第二支臂320可以位于第二通道230内,也可以位于相邻两个低频辐射单元200之间的间隙内,从而与多个低频辐射单元200形成避位。
其中,每个低频辐射单元200及辅助辐射单元300均可作为电磁波信号发射的最小单元,而多个最小单元进行组合,则可形成天线队列。本实施例中的天线阵列10中,多个低频辐射单元200及多个辅助辐射单元300形成两个天线队列,从而使天线阵列10为双列天线阵列结构。具体参阅图1及图9,两个天线队列为第一天线队列11及第二天线队列12。第一天线队列11可以仅包括低频辐射单元200、或仅包括辅助辐射单元300、或即包括部分低频辐射单元200也包括部分辅助辐射单元300;而第二天线队列12则包括其余的低频辐射单元 200和/或辅助辐射单元300。
在MIMO天线***中,两个信号收发模块分别与两个天线队列电连接。因此,可形成两组电磁波信号收发***。
由于反射板100、低频辐射单元200及辅助辐射单元300三者同轴,而两个天线队列由多个低频辐射单元200及多个辅助辐射单元300组合形成,故两个天线队列距离反射板100的两侧边界的距离相同、左右边界之间宽度差距小,即对称性更好。对称性改善后,每列天线队列的辐射方向图更对称、前后比对称性更好、半功率波束宽度的波宽收敛性改善,从而使得上述MIMO天线***的性能得到有效地改善。
此外,在上述天线阵列10及在MIMO天线***中,两列天线队列的设置方式由现有的并列设置改为嵌套设置。因此,能有效地减小反射板100的宽度,以实现阵列天线10的小型化,从而有利于基站的建设。
请再次参阅图3,在本实施例中,四个偶极子210之间的相对位置可调,以调节第一通道220及第二通道230的宽度。
具体的,偶极子210之间垂直和水平间距一般为0.05λ~0.5λ(λ为工作波长),即第一通道220及第二通道230的宽度为0.05λ~0.5λ。在同一边界条件下(反射板100的形状及尺寸固定),间距越大,低频辐射单元200的水平面波宽越窄。因此,通过调节四个偶极子210之间的相对位置,可改变低频辐射单元200的水平面波宽,从而使得上述低频辐射单元200、阵列天线10及MIMO天线***可适用于多种场景。
如图5及图6所示,分别表示第一通道220及第二通道230的宽度d=78mm和d=38mm时的仿真结果示意图。此外,下表1为低频辐射单元200水平面半功率波束宽度对应的仿真数据。由数据可知,通过改变宽度d的值,能灵活改变低频辐射单元200的波宽。
表1
d | 38mm | 78mm |
半功率波束宽度 | 62.7°~61.5° | 59.0°~56.4° |
请再次参阅图1,在本实施例中,第二支臂320位于第二通道230内并与第二通道230同轴设置,以与多个低频辐射单元200形成避位。
具体的,辅助辐射单元300整体嵌套于低频辐射单元200中。因此,阵列天线10在各个方向均对称,天线队列的对称性更好,故有利于进一步提升天线阵列10及MIMO天线***的性能。
进一步的,在本实施例中,多个低频辐射单元200电连接形成其中一个天线队列,多个辅助辐射单元300电连接形成另一个天线队列。
因此,在同一个天线队列中,电磁波信号发射的最小单元的形态相同,故能进一步提升天线队列的对称性,从而再进一步地改善天线阵列10的性能。
具体以图1所示阵列天线10为例,3个低频辐射单元200沿第一对称轴的延伸方向依次排序为1、2、3号,3个辅助辐射单元300依次排序为1、2、3号。其中,1号、2号、3号低频辐射单元200形成第一天线队列11;而1号、2号、3号辅助辐射单元300则形成第二天线队列12。
如图7所示,为本实施例中天线阵列10的仿真结果图,表2为本实施例中天线阵列10与现有天线阵列的波宽、前后比及轴向交叉极化的数据汇总。可见,天线阵列10波宽明显收敛、前后比和轴向交叉极化也得到明显改善。
表2
对比参数 | 现有技术 | 本实施例 |
半功率波束宽度 | 81.4°~72.1° | 61.5°~58.4° |
前后比(dB) | 21.2 | 26.7 |
轴向交叉极化(dB) | 17.8 | 22.4 |
请参阅图8,在另一个实施例中,第二支臂320位于相邻两个低频辐射单元200的间隙内,以与多个低频辐射单元200形成避位。
与前一个实施例相比,区别仅在于辅助辐射单元300的设置位置。具体的,多个辅助辐射单元300插空设置于多个低频辐射单元200之间。而且,其中一个辅助辐射单元300的第一支臂310的两端分别位于相邻的两个低频辐射单元200的第一通道220内。这样,多个频辐射单元200与多个辅助辐射单元300之间的距离增大,从而有利于降低天线阵列10及MIMO天线***中两个天线队列 之间的耦合度。
需要指出的是,在其他实施例中,天线队列的形成不限于为上述两个实施例中的一种方式。例如,请再次参阅图9,在另一个实施例中,当第二支臂320位于第二通道230内并与第二通道230同轴设置,以与多个低频辐射单元200形成避位时,两个天线队列均由低频辐射单元200及辅助辐射单元300组合形成。
进一步的,沿第一对称轴的延伸方向分别对多个低频辐射单元200及多个辅助辐射单元300进行排序。因此,每个低频辐射单元200及辅助辐射单元300均对应一个序号。其中,奇数序号的低频辐射单元200与偶数序号的辅助辐射单元300电连接形成其中一个天线队列,偶数序号的低频辐射单元200与奇数序号的辅助辐射单元300电连接形成另一个天线队列。
具体以图9所示阵列天线10为例,3个低频辐射单元200依次排序为1、2、3号,3个辅助辐射单元300依次排序为1、2、3号。其中,1号、3号低频辐射单元200与2号辅助辐射单元300形成第一天线队列11;而2号低频辐射单元200与1号、3号辅助辐射单元300形成第二天线队列12。
因此,低频辐射单元200与辅助辐射单元300相互交替连接形成天线队列。在调节第一通道220及第二通道230的宽度时,两个天线队列的水平面波宽均可被调节,从而进一步扩展天线队列10及MIMO天线***的使用场景。
上述MIMO天线***,反射板100、低频辐射单元200及辅助辐射单元300均为轴对称结构,且多个低频辐射单元200及多个辅助辐射单元300均沿反射板100的对称轴间隔设置。此外,十字形的辅助辐射单元300的第一支臂310位于第一通道220内并与第一通道220同轴设置。也就是说,反射板100、低频辐射单元200及辅助辐射单元300三者同轴。而两个天线队列由多个低频辐射单元200及多个辅助辐射单元300组合形成,故两个天线队列距离反射板100的两侧边界的距离相同、左右边界之间宽度差距小,即对称性更好。因此,每列天线队列的辐射方向图更对称,从而使上述MIMO天线***的性能得到有效地改善。
以上所述实施例的各技术特征可以进行任意的组合,为使描述简洁,未对上述实施例中的各个技术特征所有可能的组合都进行描述,然而,只要这些技术特征的组合不存在矛盾,都应当认为是本说明书记载的范围。
以上所述实施例仅表达了本发明的几种实施方式,其描述较为具体和详细,但并不能因此而理解为对发明专利范围的限制。应当指出的是,对于本领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明构思的前提下,还可以做出若干变形和改进,这些都属于本发明的保护范围。因此,本发明专利的保护范围应以所附权利要求为准。
Claims (12)
- 一种低频辐射单元,包括两对极化正交的偶极子,四个所述偶极子分别为第一偶极子、第二偶极子、第三偶极子及第四偶极子,其特征在于,所述低频辐射单元为轴对称结构且具有相互垂直的第一对称轴及第二对称轴;在以所述第一对称轴及所述第二对称轴为X、Y轴、所述第一对称轴与所述第二对称轴的交点为原点的直角坐标系中,所述第一偶极子、所述第二偶极子、所述第三偶极子及所述第四偶极子分别位于所述直角坐标系的四个象限内,且相邻两个象限内的所述偶极子的极性相反;其中,每个所述偶极子均包括第一辐射臂及第二辐射臂,所述第一辐射臂与所述第二辐射臂的一端连接以在所述偶极子上形成开口,且每个所述偶极子的开口均沿背向所述原点设置;所述第一偶极子、所述第二偶极子、所述第三偶极子及所述第四偶极子两两间隔设置,以形成分别以所述第一对称轴及所述第二对称轴为轴线的第一通道及第二通道。
- 根据权利要求1所述的低频辐射单元,其特征在于,四个所述偶极子之间的相对位置可调,以调节所述第一通道及所述第二通道的宽度。
- 根据权利要求2所述的低频辐射单元,其特征在于,所述第一通道及所述第二通道的宽度为0.05~0.5λ,所述λ为工作波长。
- 根据权利要求1所述的低频辐射单元,其特征在于,每个所述偶极子的所述第一辐射臂与所述第二辐射臂呈轴对称分布。
- 根据权利要求1所述的低频辐射单元,其特征在于,每个所述偶极子的所述第一辐射臂与所述第二辐射臂垂直连接,以使每个所述偶极子均呈“L”形。
- 根据权利要求1所述的低频辐射单元,其特征在于,还包括四个巴伦,所述巴伦包括两个支撑柱,以使所述巴伦呈“八”字形,同一个所述偶极子的两个所述第一辐射臂及所述第二分别安装于所述两个支撑柱上,所述支撑柱包括用于安装于所述反射板上并沿所述辐射臂方向倾斜延伸的折线段、与所述辐射臂连接并垂直于所述反射板的垂直段。
- 一种天线阵列,其特征在于,包括:反射板,为轴对称结构;多个如上述权利要求1至6任一项所述低频辐射单元,沿所述反射板的对称轴间隔设置,且所述第一对称轴与所述反射板的对称轴重叠;及多个沿所述反射板的对称轴间隔设置的辅助辐射单元,所述辅助辐射单元包括垂直且相交的第一支臂及第二支臂,以使所述辅助辐射单元呈十字形;其中,所述第一支臂位于所述第一通道内并与所述第一通道同轴设置,所述第二支臂与所述多个低频辐射单元形成避位,且所述多个低频辐射单元及所述多个辅助辐射单元形成两个天线队列。
- 根据权利要求6所述的天线阵列,其特征在于,所述第二支臂位于相邻两个低频辐射单元的间隙内,以与所述多个低频辐射单元形成避位。
- 根据权利要求6所述的天线阵列,其特征在于,所述第二支臂位于所述第二通道内并与所述第二通道同轴设置,以与所述多个低频辐射单元形成避位。
- 根据权利要求6至9任一项所述的天线阵列,其特征在于,沿所述第一对称轴的延伸方向分别对所述多个低频辐射单元及所述多个辅助辐射单元进行排序,奇数序号的所述低频辐射单元与偶数序号的所述辅助辐射单元电连接形成其中一个所述天线队列,偶数序号的所述低频辐射单元与奇数序号的所述辅助辐射单元电连接形成另一个所述天线队列。
- 根据权利要求6至9任一项所述的天线阵列,其特征在于,所述多个低频辐射单元电连接形成其中一个所述天线队列,所述多个辅助辐射单元电连接形成另一个所述天线队列。
- 一种MIMO天线***,其特征在于,包括如权利要求7至11任一项所述天线阵列及两个信号收发模块,所述两个信号收发模块分别与所述两个天线队列电连接。
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