WO2019114709A1 - 一种纤维增强树脂基复合材料三维打印成形方法 - Google Patents
一种纤维增强树脂基复合材料三维打印成形方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2019114709A1 WO2019114709A1 PCT/CN2018/120390 CN2018120390W WO2019114709A1 WO 2019114709 A1 WO2019114709 A1 WO 2019114709A1 CN 2018120390 W CN2018120390 W CN 2018120390W WO 2019114709 A1 WO2019114709 A1 WO 2019114709A1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
- B33Y70/10—Composites of different types of material, e.g. mixtures of ceramics and polymers or mixtures of metals and biomaterials
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y50/00—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y50/00—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
- B33Y50/02—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of 3D printing (additive manufacturing), and in particular to a three-dimensional printing forming method capable of realizing a continuous fiber and short fiber composite reinforced resin-based composite material.
- 3D printing (additive manufacturing) technology is a "bottom-up" manufacturing of solid parts using material layer by layer.
- 3D printing technology combines the existing industrial automation and computer-aided design, and has the advantages of high automation, fast forming speed and high utilization rate of raw materials, which can realize the digitization of design and manufacturing process.
- all countries in the world are increasing their investment in 3D printing technology, and have developed a variety of 3D printing methods, which are widely used in electronic products, automotive, aerospace, medical, military, art design and other fields.
- Continuous fiber reinforced composites have high specific strength, fatigue strength, excellent wear resistance and corrosion resistance, and high dimensional stability, and have been widely used in aerospace and automotive manufacturing. Therefore, the use of 3D printing methods to achieve continuous fiber reinforced composite materials has become the research direction of many research institutions.
- the main application is similar to the FDM (Fused Deposition Modeling) method in which continuous fibers and resin wires are melt-mixed and deposited layer by layer on a printing platform.
- the molded part produced by the method has excellent mechanical properties in the direction of fiber spreading, and has surpassed the conventional three-dimensional braided and knitted continuous fiber composite parts.
- the performance in the Z direction (the normal direction of the printing layer) is poor, and there is poor interlaminar shear strength and poor interface performance.
- the external force tends to cause the layer to fall off or break.
- the object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned shortcomings existing in the prior art, and to provide a composite material forming method capable of realizing continuous fiber and short fiber composite Z-direction reinforcement, and improving interlayer shear strength and interface performance of a molded article, High printing precision and high fiber content of molded parts.
- the long fiber is cut into short fibers of a predetermined length by using the fiber cutter 1, and is added to the premixer 2 together with a predetermined type of resin, and is drawn into the premixed short fiber resin wire 5 by the wire forming machine 3, For subsequent printing.
- the plurality of wire feeding mechanisms 4 will premix the premixed short fiber resin wires 5 and the continuous fibers 6 of different short fiber fibers in the impregnation chamber 7 respectively, and fully contact the infiltration so that the resin is wrapped as much as possible in each Filament.
- a heating mechanism 8 which controls the temperature field of the entire continuous fiber printing system, especially the length of the heating section, enabling rapid melting of the premixed short fiber resin strands 5.
- a printing nozzle 9 having a special shape is attached below the impregnation chamber 7, and the mixture of continuous fibers and resin can be extruded without damaging the fibers.
- the above impregnation chamber 7, the heating mechanism 8 and the nozzle 9 are combined and placed on the three-dimensional motion platform 10 to achieve three-dimensional precise movement.
- the signal acquisition and control section 11 includes a control card 12, a plurality of temperature sensors 13, an image sensor 14, and a computer 15.
- the three-dimensional model is drawn by the computer 15, and the G code is generated after slicing, and the control card 12 is controlled to control the state of the different mechanisms of the respective printing links, for example, the wire feeding speed, the heating temperature, the head moving speed, and the like.
- a plurality of temperature sensors 13 collect the temperatures of the printing platform, the heating mechanism 8, and the nozzles 9, and upload them in the computer 15 in real time.
- the image sensor 14 can monitor the printing effect in real time and upload it to the computer to correct the printing parameters for forming a closed loop system.
- the short fiber having a continuous fiber cut using the fiber cutter 1 has a size of 2 mm to 50 mm, and may be carbon fiber or glass fiber or organic fiber.
- the continuous fiber printing system may have a plurality of wire feeding mechanisms 4, respectively, to realize a plurality of premixed short fiber resin wires 5 and continuous fibers of continuous fibers.
- a plurality of resins mainly refer to PLA (polylactic acid), ABS (acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer), PI (polyimide), PEEK (polyether ether ketone), continuous fiber can be a variety of specifications such as 1K, 3K, 6K, 11K carbon fiber or Glass fiber, organic fiber.
- the invention has the beneficial effects that the invention introduces short fibers into the continuous fiber printing technology, and there are randomly oriented short fibers in the two printing layers 16, and the short fibers are closely combined with the upper and lower layers through the resin, and the plurality of layers are interposed between the layers.
- the Z-direction reinforcing short fibers 17 are used for pinning.
- the short fibers are resistant to delamination between the layers.
- the bonding strength between the single pass and the single pass is greatly increased.
- the premixed short fiber resin wire 5 contains a fiber having a higher volume fraction, in combination with the continuous fiber added during the deposition process, the fiber content in the molded article can be greatly improved, and more excellent mechanical properties can be obtained.
- Figure 1 is a schematic view showing the printing of the method of the present invention
- Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the Z-direction interlayer bonding strength enhancement of the composite molded part
- Figure 3 is a schematic diagram showing the bonding strength enhancement between single-pass and single-passage of composite molded parts
- Figure 4 is a diagram of the type of print nozzle through hole.
- a long fiber is cut into a short fiber of a predetermined length using a fiber cutter 1, and is added to a premixer 2 together with a resin of a predetermined type, and is drawn into a premixed short fiber resin by a wire forming machine 3.
- Wire 5 for subsequent printing.
- the plurality of wire feeding mechanisms 4 will premix the premixed short fiber resin wires 5 and the continuous fibers 6 of different short fiber fibers in the impregnation chamber 7 respectively, and fully contact the infiltration so that the resin is wrapped as much as possible in each Filament.
- a heating mechanism 8 which controls the temperature field of the entire continuous fiber printing system, especially the length of the heating section, enabling rapid melting of the premixed short fiber resin strands 5.
- a printing nozzle 9 having a special shape is attached below the impregnation chamber 7, and the mixture of continuous fibers and resin can be extruded without damaging the fibers.
- the above impregnation chamber 7, the heating mechanism 8 and the nozzle 9 are combined and placed on the three-dimensional motion platform 10 to achieve three-dimensional precise movement.
- the signal acquisition and control section 11 includes a control card 12, a plurality of temperature sensors 13, an image sensor 14, and a computer 15.
- the three-dimensional model is drawn by the computer 15, and the G code is generated after slicing, and the control card 12 is controlled to control the state of the different mechanisms of the respective printing links, for example, the wire feeding speed, the heating temperature, the head moving speed, and the like.
- a plurality of temperature sensors 13 collect the temperatures of the printing platform, the heating mechanism 8, and the nozzles 9, and upload them in the computer 15 in real time.
- the image sensor 14 can monitor the printing effect in real time and upload it to the computer to correct the printing parameters for forming a closed loop system.
- the short fibers cut into long fibers using the fiber cutter 1 have a size of 2 mm to 50 mm, and may be carbon fibers or glass fibers or organic fibers.
- the printing system has a plurality of wire feeding mechanisms 4, which respectively realize a plurality of premixed short fiber resin wires 5 and continuous fibers of continuous fibers.
- the plurality of resins mainly refer to PLA (polylactic acid) and ABS (acrylonitrile).
- Butadiene-styrene copolymer), PI (polyimide), PEEK (polyether ether ketone), continuous fiber can be carbon fiber or glass fiber, organic fiber of various specifications such as 1K, 3K, 6K, 11K .
- the short fibers are tightly bonded to the upper and lower layers through the resin, and have various positional forms between the layers, when the short fibers are lapped
- the Z-direction reinforcing short fibers 17 serve as a pinning action.
- the short fibers are resistant to delamination between the layers.
- an embodiment of the present invention provides a three-dimensional printing forming method for a fiber-reinforced resin-based composite material, comprising: a continuous fiber printing portion, a wire forming portion, a signal collecting and controlling portion 11; and continuous fiber printing.
- the part comprises a wire feeding mechanism 4, a premixed short fiber resin wire 5, a continuous fiber 6, an impregnation chamber 7, a heating mechanism 8, a nozzle 9, a three-dimensional motion platform 10, and the wire-making part comprises a fiber cutter 1, a premixer 2.
- the line machine 3 the signal acquisition and control section includes a signal acquisition and control section 11, a control card 12, a temperature sensor 13, an image sensor 14, and a computer 15.
- the fiber cutter 1 is used for making chopped fibers, and may be carbon fiber or glass fiber or organic fiber.
- the short fibers are mixed with a predetermined type of resin in the premixer 2, and the short fiber resin strands 5 are premixed by a threading mechanism.
- the continuous fibers are fed into the short fiber cutter 1 and mechanically cut to form short fibers having a length of 2 mm to 50 mm, and the short fiber size range conforms to a normal distribution.
- the premixer 2 sufficiently mixes the fixed proportion of the short fibers and the continuous resin particles uniformly to prevent the fiber agglomeration.
- the mixture material is formed into a uniform resin wire having a size of 1 mm to 3 mm by the wire forming machine 3, and the wire diameter and the fiber content of the formed resin wire can be adjusted according to requirements.
- the continuous fiber printing part is designed, mainly to realize the wire feeding of the premixed short fiber resin wire 5, the wire feeding of the continuous fiber 6, and the two materials.
- the impregnation chamber is heated and thoroughly mixed and infiltrated, and continuously printed on the formed three-dimensional motion platform 10 having a heating function, in which there is a short fiber reinforcement between the continuous fiber printing layers and between the single fibers, and is connected together by a resin.
- a plurality of wire feeding mechanisms 4 can premix the premixed short fiber resin wires 5 and the continuous fibers 6 of different short fiber sizes and contents in the impregnation chamber 7, respectively, and fully contact the infiltration to make the resin Wrap as much as possible on each filament.
- a heating mechanism 8 which controls the temperature field of the entire continuous fiber printing system, especially the length of the heating section, enabling rapid melting of the premixed short fiber resin strands 5.
- a printing nozzle 9 having a special shape is attached below the impregnation chamber 7, and the mixture of continuous fibers and resin can be extruded without damaging the fibers.
- the above impregnation chamber 7, the heating mechanism 8 and the nozzle 9 are combined and placed on the three-dimensional motion platform 10 to achieve three-dimensional precise movement.
- the signal collecting and controlling portion 11 includes the control card 12, the plurality of temperature sensors 13, the image sensor 14, and the computer 15.
- the three-dimensional model is drawn by the computer 15, and the G code is generated after slicing, and the control card 12 controls the state of the different mechanisms of the respective printing links.
- a plurality of temperature sensors 13 collect the temperature of the printing platform, the nozzles, and the heating mechanism and upload them in the computer in real time.
- the image sensor 14 can monitor the printing effect in real time, upload data to the computer, correct the printing parameters, and form a closed loop system.
- the three-dimensional motion platform 10 has a heating function to prevent defects such as warpage during printing, and the heating method may be resistance wire heating or laser heating or roll heating.
- the resistance wire is located inside the molding platform and distributed in a certain way to control the surface of the platform to reach a preset temperature.
- laser heating or roll heating is employed, the laser or roll preheats the formed layer and then prints the composite on the preheated layer.
- the through-hole size and shape of the printing nozzle 9 have great flexibility, as shown in FIG. 4, which may be circular, having a diameter of 0.1-2 mm; and may be an elliptical or chamfered rectangle, thereby Spray deposition of a particular shape of resin and fiber mixture is achieved, which also limits the orientation of the staple fibers in a certain dimension.
- the short fibers are closely combined with the upper and lower layers through the resin, and have a plurality of positional forms between the layers, when the short fibers are lapped on the upper and lower layers continuously.
- the Z-direction reinforcing short fibers 17 serve as a pinning action.
- the short fibers are resistant to delamination between the layers.
- the continuous fiber reinforced composite material includes a continuous fiber and a resin matrix, wherein the resin matrix comprises PLA (polylactic acid), ABS (acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer), PI ( A thermoplastic resin made of polyimide) or PEEK (polyetheretherketone), the continuous fibers include carbon fibers, glass fibers or organic fibers, and the continuous fibers may be of various specifications such as 1K, 3K, 6K or 12K.
- PLA polylactic acid
- ABS acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer
- PI A thermoplastic resin made of polyimide
- PEEK polyetheretherketone
- the continuous fibers include carbon fibers, glass fibers or organic fibers, and the continuous fibers may be of various specifications such as 1K, 3K, 6K or 12K.
- the short fibers and the resin can be thoroughly mixed in the impregnation chamber 7, and by adjusting the wire feeding speed, mixing in different proportions can be realized, and the fiber volume fraction in the deposited layer can be precisely controlled. Since the premixed short fiber resin wire 5 contains a relatively high volume fraction of fibers, in combination with the continuous fibers 6 added during the deposition process, the fiber content in the molded article can be greatly improved, and more excellent mechanical properties can be obtained.
- orientations such as “front, back, up, down, left, right", “horizontal, vertical, vertical, horizontal” and “top, bottom” and the like are indicated. Or the positional relationship is generally based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is merely for the convenience of the description of the invention and the simplification of the description, which are not intended to indicate or imply the indicated device or component. It must be constructed and operated in a specific orientation or in a specific orientation, and thus is not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention; the orientations “inside and outside” refer to the inside and outside of the contour of the components themselves.
- spatially relative terms such as “above”, “above”, “on top”, “above”, etc., may be used herein to describe as in the drawings.
- the exemplary term “above” can include both “over” and "under”.
- the device can also be positioned in other different ways (rotated 90 degrees or at other orientations) and the corresponding description of the space used herein is interpreted accordingly.
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Abstract
Description
Claims (10)
- 一种纤维增强树脂基复合材料三维打印成形方法,其特征在于,为实现该方法的打印效果,需设计连续纤维打印部分、制线部分、信号采集和控制部分(11);所述的连续纤维打印部分主要实现预混短纤维树脂线材(5)的送丝,连续纤维(6)的送丝,两种材料在浸渍腔室加热并充分混合浸润,连续打印于具有加热功能的成型三维运动平台(10),在成型件中连续纤维打印层间、单道间存在短纤维增强,并通过树脂连接在一起;制线部分主要用于成形所述预混短纤维树脂线材(5);所述信号采集和控制部分(11)***辅助连续纤维打印部分,通过参数采集和分析实时控制打印过程中各个环节的工作状态。
- 根据权利要求1所述的一种纤维增强树脂基复合材料三维打印成形方法,其特征在于,制线部分包括纤维切断器(1)、预混机(2)、制线机(3),所述纤维切断器(1)用于制作长度为2mm-50mm的短切纤维,所述短切纤维可以为碳纤维或玻璃纤维或有机纤维;将短纤维与预设型号的树脂在所述预混机(2)混合,并通过所述制线机(3)制得所述预混短纤维树脂线材5。
- 根据权利要求1所述的一种纤维增强树脂基复合材料三维打印成形方法,其特征在于,连续纤维打印部分包括多个送丝机构(4)、浸渍腔室(7)、加热机构(8)、打印喷嘴(9)、三维运动平台(10);所述加热机构(8)控制整个连续纤维打印部分的温度场,控制加热段长度、实现预混短纤维树脂线材(5)的快速熔化;所述预混短纤维树脂线材(5)和所述连续纤维(6)在浸渍腔室中预混合,充分接触浸润,使树脂尽可能包裹于每根纤维丝,并以一定速度通过特定结构打印喷嘴(9)挤出;该打印喷嘴(9)可减少纤维束损坏,并控制成型单道的形状和尺寸。
- 根据权利要求1所述的一种纤维增强树脂基复合材料三维打印成形方法,其特征在于,所述信号采集和控制部分(11)包括控制卡(12)、多个温度传感器(13)、图像传感器(14)、计算机(15);通过计算机(15)绘制三维模型、经切片后生成G代码,交由控制卡(12)控制各个打印环节不同机构的状态;多个温度传感器(13)采集打印平台、喷嘴、加热机构的温度并实时上传于所述计算机(15)中;所述图像传感器(14)可实时监控打印效果,上传数据于计算机,修正打印参数,形成闭环***。
- 根据权利要求1或3所述的一种纤维增强树脂基复合材料三维打印成形方法,其特征在于,所述的成型三维运动平台(10)具有加热功能,可防止打印过程中产生翘曲等缺陷,加热方式可以为电阻丝加热或激光加热或轧辊加热;当采用电阻丝加热时,电阻丝位于成型平台内部,以一定方式分布,控制平台表面达到预设温度;当采用激光加热或轧辊加热时,激光或轧辊对已成型层进行预热,然后打印复合材料于预热层上。
- 根据权利要求1或3所述的一种纤维增强树脂基复合材料三维打印成形方法,其特征在于,打印喷嘴(9)的通孔尺寸和形状具有很大灵活性,所述通孔可以为圆形,直径从0.1-2mm;可以为椭圆形或带倒角的长方形,从而实现特定形状树脂和纤维混合物的喷射沉积,该方式也可以在某一维度上限制短纤维的取向。
- 根据权利要求1所述的一种纤维增强树脂基复合材料三维打印成形方法,其特征在于,两个打印层(16)中存在随机取向的短纤维,短纤维通过树脂与上下两层紧密结合,其在层间具有多种位置形态,当短纤维搭接于上下两层连续纤维增强树脂层中时,即为Z向增强短纤维(17),起钉扎作用;当外力施加于成型件Z向时,短纤维可抵抗层间脱落。
- 根据权利要求1所述的一种纤维增强树脂基复合材料三维打印成形方法,其特征在于,两个打印的连续纤维增强树脂成型单道(18)中存在自由取向的短纤维,短纤维在单道间具有多种位置形态,当短纤维搭接于相邻几个成型单道(18)间时,即为单道间结合增强短纤维(20),单道与单道间垂直方向的结合强度大大增加。
- 根据权利要求1或3所述的一种纤维增强树脂基复合材料三维打印成形方法,其特征在于,所述的连续纤维打印部分可具有多个送丝机构(4),分别实现预混短纤维树脂线材(5)和连续纤维(6)的定速送丝,此处,多种树脂主要指PLA(聚乳酸)、ABS(丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物)、PI(聚酰亚胺)、PEEK(聚醚醚酮),连续纤维可以为多种规格的如1K、3K、6K、11K等碳纤维或玻璃纤维、有机纤维。
- 根据权利要求1或3所述的一种纤维增强树脂基复合材料三维打印成形方法,其特征在于,所述的浸渍腔室(7)内长短纤维和树脂可充分混合,并通过调节送丝速度,实现不同的混合配比,从而精确控制沉积层中的纤维体积分数;由于预混短纤维树脂线材(5)中包含较高体积分数的纤维,结合沉积过程中加入的连续纤维(6),可大大提高成型件中的纤维含量,获得更优异的力学性能。
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Cited By (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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