WO2019114549A1 - 充换电站 - Google Patents

充换电站 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019114549A1
WO2019114549A1 PCT/CN2018/117872 CN2018117872W WO2019114549A1 WO 2019114549 A1 WO2019114549 A1 WO 2019114549A1 CN 2018117872 W CN2018117872 W CN 2018117872W WO 2019114549 A1 WO2019114549 A1 WO 2019114549A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
battery
unit
charging
vehicle
unlocking
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2018/117872
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
赵志凌
严兵勇
戚文刚
杨潮
Original Assignee
蔚来汽车有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 蔚来汽车有限公司 filed Critical 蔚来汽车有限公司
Priority to EP18888456.3A priority Critical patent/EP3725606A4/en
Publication of WO2019114549A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019114549A1/zh

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/30—Constructional details of charging stations
    • B60L53/35—Means for automatic or assisted adjustment of the relative position of charging devices and vehicles
    • B60L53/36—Means for automatic or assisted adjustment of the relative position of charging devices and vehicles by positioning the vehicle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60S—SERVICING, CLEANING, REPAIRING, SUPPORTING, LIFTING, OR MANOEUVRING OF VEHICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60S5/00—Servicing, maintaining, repairing, or refitting of vehicles
    • B60S5/06—Supplying batteries to, or removing batteries from, vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K1/04—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/30—Constructional details of charging stations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/80—Exchanging energy storage elements, e.g. removable batteries
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K1/04—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion
    • B60K2001/0455—Removal or replacement of the energy storages
    • B60K2001/0472—Removal or replacement of the energy storages from below
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/12—Electric charging stations

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of charging and discharging, and particularly relates to a charging and replacing station.
  • the battery replacement scheme is one of the main development directions of electric energy replenishment because it can complete the replacement of the power battery in a short time and has no obvious influence on the service life of the power battery.
  • the battery replacement scheme is generally completed in the charging and replacing power station, and the battery rack and the power exchange platform for storing the battery are arranged in the charging and replacing station, and the power exchange of the fully charged/depleted power battery between the battery rack and the power exchange platform is provided.
  • Robots such as Rail Guided Vehicle (RGV) or Auto Guided Vehicle (AGV).
  • the power-changing robot completes the transportation of the battery and the battery replacement of the electric vehicle by reciprocating between the battery rack and the power exchange platform.
  • the battery replacement scheme has many of the above advantages, there are inevitably certain problems.
  • the power exchange robot since the power exchange robot integrates the functions of transportation and replacement of the battery, the height of the power-changing robot is relatively high, and the power-changing platform needs to be equipped with a special lifting device to lift the electric vehicle to a higher height, and then the power-changing robot In order to enter the bottom of the car to change the power.
  • this arrangement also causes the driver (whether the passenger or the service personnel) to stop the vehicle after the power exchange process, and then get off the vehicle and wait for the power exchange process to finish before the vehicle is driven away. Such a process is correct for security reasons, but the user experience is very bad.
  • a dedicated track or guide line needs to be laid in the charging and replacing station, and the track or guide line needs to occupy two areas of the battery rack and the power-changing platform, which leads to The charging and replacing station cannot realize modular installation and transportation, which brings inconvenience to transportation and installation for the replacement of power station manufacturers.
  • the present invention provides a charging and replacing power station, which includes battery charging and storage.
  • a module and a power exchange platform module wherein the battery charging module stores a plurality of batteries, the battery charging module is configured to be capable of docking with the power exchange platform module and exchanging a battery; wherein the power exchange platform module Set to be able to transport the battery and replace the battery for the vehicle.
  • the power changing platform module includes: a parking platform, the parking platform is configured to be capable of positioning a vehicle parked thereon; and an unlocking unit is provided, wherein the unlocking unit is configured to Capable of removing a depleted battery from the vehicle and mounting the fully charged battery to the vehicle; a battery transport unit configured to transport the depleted battery unloaded by the unlocking unit to the battery charging module And receiving a fully charged battery from the battery charging module and transporting to the unlocking unit.
  • the battery transport unit is further configured to be capable of transporting the depleted battery that the unlocking unit is unloaded to the battery charging module when the vehicle is not lifted, and receiving the The battery is fully charged and charged to the unlocking unit.
  • the battery transport unit includes a first driving mechanism and a first transmission mechanism, the first driving mechanism capable of driving the movement of the first transmission mechanism, the first transmission mechanism capable of Carry the battery.
  • the unlocking unit includes a lifting mechanism and an unlocking mechanism, and the lifting mechanism can lift the unlocking mechanism to a power changing position, and the unlocking mechanism can The battery is unlocked at the power changing position.
  • the unlocking unit is further provided with a translating unit capable of moving the unlocking unit in the forward/backward direction of the vehicle.
  • the parking platform is provided with a first positioning mechanism and a second positioning mechanism, and the first positioning mechanism is capable of positioning the vehicle in a forward/backward direction of the vehicle.
  • the two positioning mechanisms enable the vehicle to be positioned in the width direction of the vehicle.
  • the first positioning mechanism includes a V-shaped roller group and an I-shaped roller group, the V-shaped roller group being capable of embedding a front wheel/a rear wheel of the vehicle therein, and
  • the V-shaped roller set allows the front/rear wheels of the vehicle to move in the width direction; the I-shaped roller set correspondingly allows the rear/front wheels of the vehicle to be supported thereon and moved in the width direction .
  • the second positioning mechanism comprises a front wheel centering push rod and/or a rear wheel centering push rod, the front wheel centering push rod and/or the rear wheel pair
  • the middle push-pull rod can position the vehicle in the width direction by pushing/pulling the front/rear wheels of the vehicle.
  • the power changing platform module further includes a lifting unit and/or a leveling unit, wherein the lifting unit is capable of lifting a vehicle parked on the parking platform.
  • the leveling unit is capable of adjusting the parallelism of the vehicle to the parking platform.
  • the battery charging module comprises a battery storage device and a battery transfer device, wherein the battery storage device stores a plurality of batteries, and the battery storage device is configured to be capable of docking with the battery transfer device. And exchanging a battery; the battery transfer device is configured to receive and transfer the depleted battery of the battery transport unit to the battery storage device, and receive a fully charged battery from the battery storage device and transport the battery to the battery transport unit.
  • the battery storage device further includes a plurality of battery rack units, each of the battery rack units is provided with a first battery transport unit, and the first battery transport unit is configured to be capable of The battery is brought into/out of the battery rack unit.
  • the first battery transfer unit includes a second driving mechanism and a second transmission mechanism, the second driving mechanism is capable of driving the second transmission mechanism to move, the second transmission
  • the mechanism can carry batteries.
  • the battery transfer device includes a battery lifting unit and at least one second battery transfer unit, the battery lifting unit being configured to enable the at least one second battery transfer unit to rise/fall
  • the second battery transfer unit is configured to enable the battery to enter/exit the battery transfer device.
  • the battery transfer device includes two second battery transfer units, and the two second battery transfer units are disposed to receive/transport at one of the second battery transfer units. At the same time as or after the depletion battery, another of the second battery transfer units can transfer/receive a fully charged battery accordingly.
  • the battery lifting unit includes a third driving mechanism and a third transmission mechanism, and the third driving mechanism can drive the third transmission mechanism to rise/fall, the third transmission A mechanism is coupled to the at least one second battery transfer unit.
  • the second battery transfer unit includes a fourth driving mechanism and a fourth transmission mechanism, wherein the fourth driving mechanism is capable of driving the fourth transmission mechanism to move, the fourth transmission
  • the mechanism can carry batteries.
  • the charging and replacing station includes a battery charging module and a power exchange platform module, and does not include a power changing robot.
  • the battery charging module is configured to interface with the power exchange platform module and exchange batteries, the power switching platform module being configured to transport the battery, and to replace the battery for the vehicle.
  • the power exchange platform module further includes a parking platform, an unlocking unit and a battery transport unit, and the battery transport unit is further configured to transport the loss battery discharged from the unlocking unit to the battery charging module when the vehicle is not lifted, and A fully charged battery from the battery charging module is received and transported to the unlocking unit.
  • the charging and replacing station of the present invention can complete the power-changing without setting the power-changing robot and the vehicle lifting mechanism, and this setting mode not only omits the replacement.
  • the vehicle lifting process in the electric process speeds up the power-changing cycle, so that the driver can complete the vehicle's power exchange without getting off the vehicle, and can greatly simplify the structure of the charging and replacing power station, that is, simplify the power-changing robot, the track and the vehicle lifting.
  • the organization's setup allows the power exchange platform module and battery charging module to be modularized for full station transportation and installation as two separate modules.
  • the charging and replacing power station of the invention solves the problems of poor electric exchange experience and inconvenient transportation and installation in the existing charging and replacing power station, realizes miniaturization and rectification and transportation of the charging and replacing power station, and reduces the charging and replacing power station.
  • the civil works have facilitated the installation and landing of the power station in the city, which has improved the efficiency of power exchange and the experience of changing electricity.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a charging and replacing station of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a V-shaped roller set of the present invention
  • Figure 3 is a schematic structural view of a type I roller set of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a centering push-pull rod according to the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic structural view of a battery transfer device of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic structural view of a charging and replacing station with a translation unit according to the present invention (1);
  • Fig. 7 is a structural schematic view (2) of a charging and replacing station with a translation unit according to the present invention.
  • Battery charging module 11. Battery storage device; 111, battery frame unit; 12, battery transfer device; 121, battery lifting unit; 1211, third driving mechanism; 1212, third transmission mechanism; Battery transfer unit; 13, traverse guide rail; 2, power exchange platform module; 21, parking platform; 211, V-shaped roller set; 212, I-type roller set; 213, centering push-pull rod; ; 23, translation unit; 3, battery; 4, vehicle.
  • the terms “installation”, “connected”, and “connected” are to be understood broadly, and may be fixed connections, for example, or It is a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it may be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and may be internal communication between the two elements.
  • the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood on a case-by-case basis.
  • the present invention replaces the power changing robot in the power station and replaces the battery transport unit and the unlocking unit provided in the power exchange platform module.
  • the power-changing robot realizes the setting mode of the transportation and replacement functions of the power battery (hereinafter referred to as the battery), realizes the miniaturization and the whole assembly and transportation of the charging and replacing power station, accelerates the power-changing cycle, and improves the power-changing experience.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view of the structure of a charging and replacing station of the present invention.
  • the charging and replacing station of the present invention mainly includes a battery charging module 1 and a power exchange platform module 2, and does not include a power changing robot.
  • the battery charging module 1 stores a plurality of batteries 3, and the battery charging module 1 is disposed to be capable of docking with the power exchange platform module 2 and exchanging the battery 3.
  • the power exchange platform module 2 is configured to transport the battery 3 and replace the battery for the electric vehicle. 3.
  • the power exchange platform module 2 further includes a parking platform 21, an unlocking unit (not shown), and a battery transport unit 22.
  • the parking platform 21 is configured to be capable of positioning an electric vehicle parked thereon, the unlocking unit is configured to be capable of removing the depleted battery from the electric vehicle and to mount the fully charged battery to the electric vehicle, and the battery transport unit 22 is preferably configured to The depleted battery that is unloaded by the unlocking unit can be directly transported to the battery charging module 1 and the fully charged battery from the battery charging module 1 can be transported to the unlocking unit without the electric vehicle being lifted.
  • the battery storage module 1 includes a battery storage device 11 and a battery transfer device 12, the battery storage device 11 stores a plurality of batteries 3, and the battery storage device 11 is configured to be capable of charging, discharging, cooling, and the battery 3 stored thereon.
  • the battery transfer device 12 is configured to receive the depleted battery of the battery transport unit 22 and transport it to the battery storage device 11, and receive the fully charged battery from the battery storage device 11 and transport it to the battery Transport unit 22.
  • the battery charging module 1 and the power exchange platform module 2 can be respectively disposed in one side open container, and the open sides of the two containers are assembled into the charging and replacing power station of the present invention.
  • the unlocking unit first removes the depleted battery from the electric vehicle, and the discharged loss battery falls on the battery transport unit. 22; then the battery transport unit 22 transports the depleted battery to remove the vehicle bottom and arrives at the battery transfer device 12. After the battery transfer device 12 receives the defective battery, the fully charged battery is transferred to the battery transport unit 22, and the battery transport unit 22 is completed.
  • the battery 3 is exchanged; finally, the battery transport unit 22 transports the fully-charged battery to the bottom of the electric vehicle, and the full-charge battery is installed on the electric vehicle by the unlocking unit, and the electric vehicle is replaced.
  • the present invention divides the charging and replacing power station into two battery charging modules 1 and the power exchange platform module 2 which are independent of each other, so that the charging and replacing power station has the whole assembly and transportation, no civil construction, convenient installation, etc. advantage.
  • the battery transport unit 22 and the unlocking unit instead of the setting mode of the existing power changing robot, the setting of the power changing robot and the lifting device can be omitted, thereby realizing the purpose of replacing the battery 3 without lifting the electric vehicle, so that the charging is performed.
  • the overall structure of the power station is simpler and the structural stability is improved.
  • the above-mentioned setting method reduces the construction cost of the power station, improves the power-changing stability and the power-changing efficiency, and solves the complicated system structure, redundant power-exchange process, complicated installation and transportation steps, and power-changing of the existing charging and replacing power station. Many problems such as low efficiency.
  • the battery charging module 1 and the power exchange platform module 2 can also be constructed by using a frame structure, and the battery storage device 11 can also be used only for storing the battery 3 without charging, discharging and cooling functions.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a V-shaped roller set of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of an I-shaped roller set of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a structure of a centering push-pull rod of the present invention
  • the parking platform 21 is provided with a first positioning mechanism (not shown) capable of positioning the electric vehicle in the forward/backward direction, and A second positioning mechanism (not shown) in which the electric vehicle is positioned in the width direction.
  • the first positioning mechanism comprises two V-shaped roller groups 211 and two I-shaped roller groups 212, and the two V-shaped roller groups 211 can embed the front/rear wheels of the vehicle 4 therein to complete the electric vehicle.
  • the V-shaped roller set 211 Positioning in the forward/reverse direction, and the V-shaped roller set 211 also allows the front/rear wheels of the vehicle 4 to move in the width direction of the electric vehicle; the two I-shaped roller sets 212 correspondingly allow the rear wheels of the electric vehicle / The front wheel is supported thereon and moves in the width direction of the electric vehicle.
  • the second positioning mechanism comprises a front wheel centering push rod 213 and a rear wheel centering push rod 213, the front wheel centering push rod 213 and the rear wheel centering push rod 213 can be set to the same structure, and the front wheel is centered
  • the push-pull rod 213 and the rear wheel centering push-pull rod 213 can position the electric vehicle in the width direction by pushing/pulling the wheels of the electric vehicle.
  • first positioning mechanism and the second positioning mechanism are not static.
  • Those skilled in the art can also use other position adjusting devices to position the electric vehicle without departing from the principle of the present invention, as long as the positioning device is used. It is possible to position the electric vehicle on the parking platform 21.
  • the battery transport unit 22 includes a first driving mechanism (not shown) disposed on a side of the parking platform 21 adjacent to the battery charging module 1 and a first transmission mechanism ( Not shown in the drawings), the first drive mechanism is capable of driving the movement of the first transmission mechanism, the first transmission mechanism being capable of carrying the battery 3 and transporting the battery to the unlocking unit under the drive of the first drive mechanism.
  • the first driving mechanism may be a power device such as a servo motor, an electric cylinder or a cylinder
  • the first transmission mechanism may be a device such as a sliding table, a conveyor belt, a roller group or a roller group, which can carry the battery 3 and cooperate with the driving mechanism or component.
  • the roller group is used as the first transmission mechanism
  • the servo motor is used as the first driving mechanism
  • the entire battery transportation unit 22 is fixed on the parking platform 21 or the ground of the charging station, thereby realizing the battery 3 in the unlocking unit and the battery charging.
  • the unlocking unit may include a lifting mechanism (not shown) and a plurality of unlocking mechanisms (not shown), and the lifting mechanism can drop the depleted battery to the roller group. Or lift the full battery to the power-changing position, and the unlocking mechanism can unlock and unlock the battery 3 in the power-changing position.
  • the unlocking mechanism is a driving motor and an unlocking head (such as a hexagonal lock head) disposed on the output shaft of the driving motor
  • the plurality of unlocking mechanisms may be fixed on a bottom plate to ensure the relative position between each other; the lifting mechanism
  • a driving mechanism such as a cylinder or a servo motor can be used to cooperate with a guide mechanism such as a guide rail, a slide table, a cam mechanism, and a rigid chain to lift the battery 3 and the unlocking mechanism on the bottom plate and the bottom plate.
  • the entire bottom plate can also be embedded in the parking platform 21 or on the ground of the charging and replacing power station to increase the power exchange space, and the hole corresponding to the roller on the bottom plate is provided with some hole structure so that the battery 3 can smoothly fall on the roller group after the bottom plate is lowered.
  • the power-changing position may be a position where the unlocking mechanism can unlock and unlock the battery 3. For example, after the unlocking mechanism is aligned with the chassis of the electric vehicle through the lifting mechanism, the unlocking mechanism can be driven only by the driving motor. The location where the battery is removed or the fully charged battery is installed.
  • some positioning pins may be disposed on the bottom plate, and the positioning holes are arranged on the ground of the corresponding electric vehicle, and the positioning pins are inserted into the positioning holes to ensure the unlocking mechanism. Positioning accuracy.
  • the present invention makes the charging of the battery transport unit 22 and the unlocking unit innovatively in the charging and replacing station, compared to the prior art arrangement of transporting and replacing the battery 3 by the power-changing robot.
  • the power station can complete the electric vehicle's non-lifting and power-changing in the case of canceling the power-changing robot and the lifting device, reducing the power-changing step, improving the power-changing efficiency and the user's power-changing experience.
  • the invention also improves the reliability and stability of the charging and replacing power station, greatly reduces the construction cost, and facilitates large-scale popularization and use. .
  • a parking unit (not shown) and/or a leveling unit may also be disposed on the parking platform 21 (in the figure) Not shown).
  • the lifting unit is configured to be able to raise the electric vehicle parked on the parking platform 21 by a preset amount (for example, a preset amount of 10 cm or 20 cm), and further increase the height of the electric vehicle to enter and exit the battery 3 and the bottom unlocking mechanism. Leave enough room for operation to effectively avoid interference caused by the body such as tires.
  • the leveling unit is configured to adjust the parallelism between the vehicle 4 and the parking platform 21, so that the unlocking mechanism is kept parallel with the vehicle bottom, and the power exchange accuracy of the unlocking mechanism is improved.
  • the lifting unit and the leveling unit can all adopt the motor, the electric cylinder, the cylinder and the like as the driving force, and adopt the vertical sliding rail, the cam mechanism, the rigid chain, the screw rod, the gear and the like as the transmission device.
  • the servo motor is used as the driving force
  • the screw slide rail is connected as the transmission member to the I-type roller group 212.
  • the motor drives the lead screw slide rail to drive the I-shaped roller group 212 to rise and fall, thereby completing the electric vehicle chassis. Raise or level.
  • the lift unit here can also adopt the same arrangement as the lift mechanism for lifting the vehicle 4 in the prior art, but the difference between the lift unit and the lift mechanism of the prior art is that the lift is carried out.
  • the unit can be upgraded without the need to raise the electric car very high.
  • the prior art lifting mechanism needs to lift the electric vehicle by 80 cm to allow sufficient space for the power-changing robot to enter, and the lifting unit of the present invention only needs to lift the vehicle 4 by 20 cm or even 10 cm to achieve the same.
  • the purpose compared to the case of lifting 80cm, lifting 20cm or 10cm greatly reduces the risk of the driver sitting in the car to change the power, so that the driver can still complete the power exchange while sitting in the car.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of a charging and replacing power station with a translation unit according to the present invention
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of a charging and replacing power station with a translation unit according to the present invention.
  • the translation unit 23 may be configured for the unlocking unit, and the translation unit 23 is configured to enable the unlocking mechanism along the The forward/reverse direction of the vehicle 4 moves.
  • the driving unit 23 can also adopt various driving modes.
  • the motor, the cylinder, the electric cylinder and the like can still be used as the driving force, and the commonly used screw slide rails, racks, etc. are used as the chassis of the transmission component and the unlocking unit. connection.
  • the reason for this arrangement is that the battery 3 is usually not disposed at the center of the electric vehicle chassis, and the power exchange platform module 2 and the battery charging module 1 in the charging and replacing station are used as much as possible for design and control convenience.
  • the setting is such that the center of the battery 3 and the unlocking mechanism do not coincide (specifically, the battery 3 and the unlocking mechanism do not coincide at the midpoint of the forward/backward direction of the vehicle 4), and the unlocking mechanism cannot be aligned with the power-changing position. quasi. At this time, if it is desired to make the battery 3 and the unlocking mechanism coincide at the midpoint of the forward/reverse direction of the vehicle 4, it is necessary to increase the footprint of the power exchange platform and the charging and replacing station.
  • the panning unit 23 is used to move the unlocking mechanism in the forward/reverse direction of the vehicle 4, so that the panning unit 23 completes the alignment of the unlocking mechanism and the middle point of the battery 3 by its own translation, which satisfies the convenience of design. Moreover, the overall size of the power exchange platform is reduced, the floor space of the charging and replacing power station is reduced, and the miniaturization of the charging and replacing power station is realized.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of a battery transfer device of the present invention.
  • the battery storage device 11 further includes a plurality of battery rack units 111.
  • the battery rack unit 111 is provided with a first battery transport unit (not shown), and the first battery transport unit includes a second drive mechanism ( Not shown in the drawings) and a second transmission mechanism (not shown), the second drive mechanism is capable of driving the movement of the second transmission mechanism, and the second transmission mechanism is capable of carrying the battery 3, thereby enabling the battery 3 to enter/exit the battery holder unit
  • the function of 111 is to complete the exchange of the battery 3 with the battery transfer device 12.
  • each battery rack unit 111 can be implemented in a modular setting manner, and the battery storage unit is expanded by adding layers and adding rows to meet more frequent power-changing requirements and more storage requirements.
  • the second driving mechanism can still adopt a motor, an electric cylinder, a cylinder, etc., and the second transmission mechanism adopts a screw nut, a guide rail, a chain, a roller group and a roller group, thereby implementing the battery entering/exiting the battery storage device 11, and The function of exchanging batteries with the battery transfer device 12.
  • the battery rack unit 111 can also be implemented by integral frame splicing to improve the overall stability of the battery storage device 11.
  • the battery transfer device 12 includes a battery lifting unit 121 and at least one second battery transfer unit 122.
  • the battery lifting unit 121 is arranged to enable the at least one battery transfer unit to rise/fall
  • the second battery transfer unit 122 is arranged to be able to complete the exchange of the battery 3 with the battery storage device 11 and the battery transport unit 22.
  • the battery lifting unit 121 includes a third driving mechanism 1211 and a third transmission mechanism 1212, the third driving mechanism 1211 can drive the third transmission mechanism 1212 to ascend/lower, and the third transmission mechanism 1212 and the at least one second battery transfer unit 122 Direct or indirect connection.
  • the second battery transfer unit 122 includes a fourth drive mechanism (not shown) and a fourth transmission mechanism (not shown), the fourth drive mechanism can drive the fourth transmission mechanism to move, and the fourth transmission mechanism can carry the battery 3. Further, the function of causing the battery 3 to enter/exit the battery transfer device 12 is realized to complete the battery 3 exchange with the battery transfer device 12.
  • the battery lifting unit 121 and the battery transfer unit 122 can still be used as the third driving mechanism 1211 or the fourth driving mechanism by using a motor, an electric cylinder, a cylinder, etc., and a screw nut is adopted.
  • the guide rail, the chain, and the like serve as the third transmission mechanism 1212 or the fourth transmission mechanism, thereby realizing the lifting and lowering of the battery, and the exchange with the battery transportation unit 22 and the battery 3 of the battery storage device 11.
  • a traverse guide 13 is disposed on the ground of the charge exchange station, and the battery transfer device 12 can be moved under the guide of the guide rail to complete The battery transport unit 22 and each battery rack unit 111 in the battery storage device 11 are docked.
  • the battery transfer device 12 may be provided with two second battery transfer units 122 arranged side by side or left and right, and two battery transfer units disposed in one of the battery transfer units. At the same time as or after receiving/transferring the depleted battery, another battery transfer unit can transfer/receive a fully charged battery.
  • the battery transfer device 12 can store two batteries at the same time through the arrangement of the lower two layers or the left and right rows of the battery transfer unit. In this way, during the power exchange process, the battery transfer device 12 can complete the reception of the depleted battery and the transfer of the fully charged battery during one operation, further accelerating the power-switching tempo. While the battery transfer device 12 can be moved in parallel with respect to the battery storage device 11 by the traverse guide rail 13, and the battery storage device 11 or the power exchange platform module 2 needs to be repaired, the traverse of the battery transfer device 12 is sufficient. Repair space and reduce maintenance difficulty.
  • the driver drives the electric vehicle into the parking platform 21 and completes the positioning of the electric vehicle under the restriction of the first positioning mechanism and the second positioning mechanism ⁇ the translation unit 23 translates the unlocking unit to the projection position of the power changing position ⁇ the lifting mechanism will
  • the unlocking mechanism is lifted to the power-changing position ⁇ the unlocking mechanism removes the defective battery, and the losing battery falls on the bottom plate of the unlocking unit ⁇ the translation unit 23 shifts the unlocking unit to the original position, and the lifting mechanism makes the lifting mechanism
  • the unlocking unit is lowered, the deficient battery falls on the roller group of the battery transport unit 22, the battery transport unit 22 transports the deficient battery to the battery transfer device 12, and the upper second battery transport unit 122 of the battery transfer device 12 receives the deficient battery ⁇
  • the battery lifting unit 121 causes the two second battery transfer units 122 to rise at the same time, and then the lower second battery transfer unit 122 interfaces with the battery transport unit 22 ⁇ the lower second battery transfer unit 122 transports the

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Abstract

一种充换电站，包括电池充储模块（1）和换电平台模块（2），电池充储模块（1）设置成能够与换电平台模块（2）完成电池（3）的对接；换电平台模块（2）设置成能够与电池充储模块（1）交换电池（3），以及能够为车辆（4）更换电池（3）。

Description

充换电站 技术领域
本发明涉及充换电领域，具体涉及一种充换电站。
背景技术
随着新能源汽车的普及，如何有效地为能量不足的汽车提供快速有效的能量补给成为车主和各大厂商非常关注的问题。以电动汽车为例，当前主流的电能补给方案包括充电方案和电池更换方案。相对于充电方案，电池更换方案由于可以在很短的时间完成动力电池的更换且对动力电池的使用寿命没有明显的影响，因此是电能补给的主要发展方向之一。电池更换方案一般在充换电站内完成，充换电站内设置有存放电池的电池架和换电平台，以及在电池架和换电平台的之间的运载满电/亏电动力电池的换电机器人，如轨道导引车(Rail Guided Vehicle，RGV)或自动导引车(Auto Guided Vehicle，AGV)。换电机器人通过在电池架和换电平台之间往复行驶的方式，完成电池的运输以及电动汽车的电池更换。
虽然电池更换方案具有上述诸多优点，但是不可避免的也存在着一定的问题。首先，由于换电机器人集成了电池的运输和更换两个功能，导致换电机器人的高度相对较高，换电平台需要设置专门的抬升装置将电动汽车抬升至较高的高度后，换电机器人才能进入车底进行换电。而且这种设置方式还导致了换电过程中驾驶员(无论是乘客还是换电服务人员)需要把车辆停好后，下车等待换电过程结束后再上车将车辆开走。这样的流程出于安全的考虑是正确的，但用户体验非常不好。其次，不论是轨道导引车还是自动导引车，在充换电站中都需要铺设专用的轨道或引导线，而轨道或引导线需要占用电池架和换电平台两个区域，这就导致了充换电站无法实现模块化安装和运输，为充换电站生产厂家带来运输和安装上的不便。
相应地，本领域需要一种新的充换电站来解决上述问题。
发明内容
为了解决现有技术中的上述问题，即为了解决现有充换电站存在的换电体验差、运输安装不便的问题，本发明提供了一种充换电站，所述充换电站包括电池充储模块和换电平台模块，其中，所述电池充储模块储存有多块电池，所述电池充储模块设置成能够与所述换电平台模块对接并交换电池；其中，所述换电平台模块设置成能够运输电池以及为车辆更换电池。
在上述充换电站的优选技术方案中，所述换电平台模块包括：停车平台，所述停车平台设置成能够对停放于其上的车辆进行定位；加解锁单元，所述加解锁单元设置成能够从车辆上卸下亏电电池以及将满电电池安装至车辆；电池运输单元，所述电池运输单元设置成能够将所述加解锁单元卸下的亏电电池运输至所述电池充储模块，以及接收来自所述电池充储模块的满电电池并运输至所述加解锁单元。
在上述充换电站的优选技术方案中，所述电池运输单元进一步设置成能够在车辆不被抬升时将所述加解锁单元卸下的亏电电池运输至所述电池充储模块、以及接收来自所述电池充储模块的满电电池并运输至所述加解锁单元。
在上述充换电站的优选技术方案中，所述电池运输单元包括第一驱动机构和第一传动机构，所述第一驱动机构能够驱动所述第一传动机构运动，所述第一传动机构能够承载电池。
在上述充换电站的优选技术方案中，所述加解锁单元包括举升机构和加解锁机构，所述举升机构能够将所述加解锁机构举升至换电位置，所述加解锁机构能够在所述换电位置对电池进行加解锁。
在上述充换电站的优选技术方案中，所述加解锁单元还配置有平移单元，所述平移单元能够使所述加解锁单元沿车辆的前进/后退方向移动。
在上述充换电站的优选技术方案中，所述停车平台上设置有第一定位机构和第二定位机构，所述第一定位机构能够使车辆在车辆的前进/后退方向上定位，所述第二定位机构能够使车辆在车辆的宽度方向上定位。
在上述充换电站的优选技术方案中，所述第一定位机构包括V型辊筒组和I型辊筒组，所述V型辊筒组能够使车辆的前轮/后轮嵌入其中，并且所述V型辊筒组允许车辆的前轮/后轮沿所述宽度方向移动；所述I型辊筒组相应地允许车辆的后轮/前轮支撑于其上并且沿所述宽度方向移动。
在上述充换电站的优选技术方案中，所述第二定位机构包括前轮对中推拉杆和/或后轮对中推拉杆，所述前轮对中推拉杆和/或所述后轮对中推拉杆能够通过推动/拉动车辆的前轮/后轮的方式使车辆在所述宽度方向上定位。
在上述充换电站的优选技术方案中，所述换电平台模块还包括抬车单元和/或调平单元，其中，所述抬车单元能够将停放于所述停车平台上的车辆抬升预设量；其中，所述调平单元能够调节车辆与所述停车平台的平行度。
在上述充换电站的优选技术方案中，所述电池充储模块包括电池储存装置和电池转运装置，所述电池储存装置储存有多块电池，所述电池储存装置设置成能够与电池转运装置对接并交换电池；所述电池转运装置设置成能够接收所述电池运输单元的亏电电池并转运至所述电池储存装置，以及接收来自所述电池储存装置的满电电池并转运至所述电池运输单元。
在上述充换电站的优选技术方案中，所述电池储存装置进一步包括多个电池架单元，每个所述电池架单元上设置有第一电池转运单元，所述第一电池转运单元设置成能够使电池进入/退出所述电池架单元。
在上述充换电站的优选技术方案中，所述第一电池转运单元包括第二驱动机构和第二传动机构，所述第二驱动机构能够驱动所述第二传动机构运动，所述第二传动机构能够承载电池。
在上述充换电站的优选技术方案中，所述电池转运装置包括电池升降单元和至少一个第二电池转运单元，所述电池升降单元设置成能够使所述至少一个第二电池转运单元上升/下降，所述第二电池转运单元设置成能够使电池进入/退出所述电池转运装置。
在上述充换电站的优选技术方案中，所述电池转运装置包括两个第二电池转运单元，所述两个第二电池转运单元设置成：在其中一 个所述第二电池转运单元接收/转运亏电电池的同时或之后，另一个所述第二电池转运单元能够相应地转运/接收满电电池。
在上述充换电站的优选技术方案中，所述电池升降单元包括第三驱动机构和第三传动机构，所述第三驱动机构能够驱动所述第三传动机构上升/下降，所述第三传动机构与所述至少一个第二电池转运单元连接。
在上述充换电站的优选技术方案中，所述第二电池转运单元包括第四驱动机构和第四传动机构，所述第四驱动机构能够驱动所述第四传动机构运动，所述第四传动机构能够承载电池。
本领域技术人员能够理解的是，在本发明的优选技术方案中，充换电站包括电池充储模块和换电平台模块，并且不包括换电机器人。电池充储模块设置成能够与换电平台模块对接并交换电池，换电平台模块设置成能够运输电池，以及为车辆更换电池。其中，换电平台模块进一步包括停车平台、加解锁单元和电池运输单元，电池运输单元进一步设置成能够在车辆不被抬升时将加解锁单元卸下的亏电电池运输至电池充储模块、以及接收来自电池充储模块的满电电池并运输至加解锁单元。通过使用换电平台模块来完成换电机器人运输和更换电池的功能，本发明的充换电站能够在不设置换电机器人和车辆抬升机构的情形下完成换电，这种设置方式不仅省略了换电过程中的车辆抬升过程，加快了换电节拍，使得驾驶员不用下车即可完成车辆的换电，而且还能够大大简化充换电站的结构，即简化了换电机器人、轨道以及车辆抬升机构的设置，使得换电平台模块和电池充储模块能够作为两个单独的模块进行模块化的整站运输和安装。也就是说，本发明的充换电站解决了现有充换电站存在的换电体验差、运输安装不便的问题，实现了充换电站的小型化和整装整运，减少了充换电站的土建工作，方便了城市内充换电站的安装落地，提升了换电效率和换电体验。
附图说明
下面参照附图并结合电动汽车来描述本发明的充换电站。附图中：
图1为本发明的充换电站的结构示意图；
图2为本发明的一种V型辊筒组的结构示意图；
图3为本发明的一种I型辊筒组的结构示意图；
图4为本发明的一种对中推拉杆的结构示意图；
图5为本发明的一种电池转运装置的结构示意图；
图6为本发明的带有平移单元的充换电站的结构示意图(一)；
图7为本发明的带有平移单元的充换电站的结构示意图(二)。
附图标记列表
1、电池充储模块；11、电池储存装置；111、电池架单元；；12、电池转运装置；121、电池升降单元；1211、第三驱动机构；1212、第三传动机构；122、第二电池转运单元；13、横移导轨；2、换电平台模块；21、停车平台；211、V型辊筒组；212、I型辊筒组；213、对中推拉杆；22、电池运输单元；23、平移单元；3、电池；4、车辆。
具体实施方式
下面参照附图来描述本发明的优选实施方式。本领域技术人员应当理解的是，这些实施方式仅仅用于解释本发明的技术原理，并非旨在限制本发明的保护范围。例如，虽然附图中的第三传动机构是以链传动的方式进行描述的，但是这种这是方式非一成不变，本领域技术人员可以根据需要对其作出调整，以便适应具体的应用场合。
需要说明的是，在本发明的描述中，术语“中心”、“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“内”、“外”等指示的方向或位置关系的术语是基于附图所示的方向或位置关系，这仅仅是为了便于描述，而不是指示或暗示所述装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。此外，术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。
此外，还需要说明的是，在本发明的描述中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可 以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域技术人员而言，可根据具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。
为了解决现有充换电站存在的换电体验差、运输安装不便的问题，本发明通过取消充换电站中的换电机器人、并使用换电平台模块中设置的电池运输单元和加解锁单元代替换电机器人实现动力电池(以下简称电池)的运输和更换功能的设置方式，实现了充换电站的小型化和整装整运，加快了换电节拍，提升了换电体验。
首先参照图1，图1为本发明的充换电站的结构示意图。
如图1所示，本发明的充换电站主要包括电池充储模块1和换电平台模块2，并且不包括换电机器人。电池充储模块1储存有多块电池3，并且电池充储模块1设置成能够与换电平台模块2对接并交换电池3，换电平台模块2设置成能够运输电池3以及为电动汽车更换电池3。换电平台模块2进一步包括停车平台21、加解锁单元(图中未示出)以及电池运输单元22。停车平台21设置成能够对停放于其上的电动汽车进行定位，加解锁单元设置成能够从电动汽车上卸下亏电电池以及将满电电池安装至电动汽车，电池运输单元22优选的设置成能够在电动汽车不被抬升的情况下，将加解锁单元卸下的亏电电池直接运输至电池充储模块1、以及接收来自电池充储模块1的满电电池并运输至加解锁单元。电池充储模块1包括电池储存装置11和电池转运装置12，电池储存装置11储存有多块电池3，并且电池储存装置11设置成能够为储存于其上的电池3进行充放电、冷却，以及与电池转运装置12对接并交换电池3，电池转运装置12设置成能够接收电池运输单元22的亏电电池并转运至电池储存装置11，以及接收来自电池储存装置11的满电电池并转运至电池运输单元22。
举例而言，电池充储模块1和换电平台模块2可以分别设置在一个一侧开口集装箱内，两个集装箱的开口侧经过拼接后组装成为本发明的充换电站。在为停于停车平台21上的电动汽车更换电池3时，无需抬升车辆4，而是加解锁单元首先将亏电电池从电动汽车上卸下，被卸下的亏电电池落在电池运输单元22上；然后电池运输单元22运输亏电电池移除车底并到达电池转运装置12，电池转运装置12接收亏电电池后，将满电电池转运给电池运输单元22，完成与电池运输单元22的电池3的 交换；最后电池运输单元22将满电电池运输至电动汽车底部，由加解锁单元将满电电池安装在电动汽车上，完成为电动汽车的换电。
从上述描述可以看出，本发明通过将充换电站分为两个彼此功能独立的电池充储模块1和换电平台模块2，使得充换电站具备整装整运、无需土建、便于安装等优点。使用电池运输单元22和加解锁单元来替代现有换电机器人的设置方式，可以因此与省略换电机器人和抬升装置的设置，实现在不抬升电动汽车的情形下更换电池3的目的，使充换电站的整体结构更为简单、结构稳定性得到提高。换言之，上述设置方式降低了换电站的建设成本、提高了换电稳定性和换电效率，解决了现有充换电站存在的***结构复杂、换电流程冗余、安装运输步骤繁琐以及换电效率低等诸多问题。
需要说明的是，上述设置方式仅仅用来解释本发明的原理，并非用于限制本发明的保护范围，在不偏离本发明原理的条件下，本领域技术人员可以对上述设置方式进行调整，以便适应更加具体的应用场景。例如，电池充储模块1和换电平台模块2还可以采用框架结构搭建而成，电池储存装置11还可以仅用来储存电池3而不具备充放电和冷却功能等。
下面参照图1至图4，对本发明的原理做进一步阐述。其中，图2为本发明的一种V型辊筒组的结构示意图；图3为本发明的一种I型辊筒组的结构示意图；图4为本发明的一种对中推拉杆的结构示意图。
如图1至图4所示，在一种可能的实施方式中，停车平台21上设置有能够使电动汽车在前进/后退方向上定位的第一定位机构(图中未示出)，以及使电动汽车在宽度方向定位的第二定位机构(图中未示出)。其中，第一定位机构包括两个V型辊筒组211和两个I型辊筒组212，两个V型辊筒组211能够使车辆4的前轮/后轮嵌入其中，以完成电动汽车在前进/后退方向上的定位，并且V型辊筒组211还允许车辆4的前轮/后轮沿电动汽车的宽度方向移动；两个I型辊筒组212相应的允许电动汽车的后轮/前轮支撑于其上并且沿电动汽车的宽度方向移动。其中，第二定位机构包括前轮对中推拉杆213和后轮对中推拉杆213，前轮对中推拉杆213和后轮对中推拉杆213可以设置为相同的结构，并且前轮对中推拉杆213和后轮对中推拉杆213能够通过推动/拉动电动汽车的 车轮的方式使电动汽车在宽度方向上定位。当然，第一定位机构和第二定位机构的形式和数量都并非一成不变，在不偏离本发明原理的条件下，本领域技术人员也可以采用其他位置调节装置对电动汽车进行定位，只要该定位装置能够使电动汽车在停车平台21上定位即可。
返回参照图1，在一种可能的实施方式中，电池运输单元22包括设置于停车平台21靠近电池充储模块1一侧的第一驱动机构(图中未示出)和第一传动机构(图中未示出)，第一驱动机构能够驱动第一传动机构运动，第一传动机构能够承载电池3并且在第一驱动机构的驱动下将电池运输至加解锁单元。其中，第一驱动机构可以为伺服电机、电缸或气缸等动力设备，第一传动机构可以为滑台、传送带、滚轮组或辊筒组等可以承载电池3并与驱动机构配合使用的设备或部件。例如，使用滚轮组作为第一传动机构，伺服电机作为第一驱动机构，并且将整个电池运输单元22固定在停车平台21或者充换电站的地面上，从而实现电池3在加解锁单元与电池充储模块1之间的运输。
在一种可能的实施方式中，加解锁单元可以包括举升机构(图中未示出)和多个加解锁机构(图中未示出)，举升机构能够将亏电电池降落至滚轮组或将满电电池举升至换电位置，加解锁机构能够在换电位置对电池3进行加解锁操作。如加解锁机构为驱动电机和设置在驱动电机输出轴上的加解锁头(如内六角锁头等)，多个加解锁机构可以固定在一块底板上以保证彼此之间的相对位置；举升机构可以使用气缸、伺服电机等驱动机构配合以导轨、滑台、凸轮机构、刚性链条等导向机构实现对底板以及底板上的电池3和加解锁机构的举升。整个底板还可以嵌入停车平台21或者落在充换电站的地面上，以加大换电空间，并且底板上对应滚轮的位置设置一些孔结构以便底板下降后电池3能够顺利的落在滚轮组上。其中，换电位置可以是加解锁机构能够对电池3进行加解锁的位置，如在加解锁机构通过举升机构与电动汽车的底盘对准之后，加解锁机构只通过驱动电机的驱动即可将亏电电池卸下或将满电电池安装的位置。
进一步地，为了提高加解锁机构的定位精准度，还可以在底板上设置一些定位销，对应的电动汽车的地盘上设置定位孔，通过定位销与定位孔的定位插接，保证加解锁机构的定位精准度。
如前所述，相比于现有技术中通过换电机器人进行电池3的运输和更换的设置方式，本发明通过在充换电站中创新性地设置电池运输单元22和加解锁单元，使得充换电站能够在取消换电机器人和抬升装置的情形下完成电动汽车的不抬升换电，缩减了换电步骤，提升了换电效率和用户的换电体验。并且通过上述描述还可以看出，由于电池运输单元22和加解锁单元结构简单易实现，因此本发明还使得充换电站的可靠性和稳定性得以提高、建设成本大大降低，利于大规模推广使用。
当然，上述实施方式并非唯一，在不偏离本发明原理的条件下，任何形式的调整都应该落入本发明的保护范围之中。
例如，在一种可能的实施方式中，为了增加换电空间，提高换电准确性，还可以在停车平台21上设置抬车单元(图中未示出)和/或调平单元(图中未示出)。其中，抬车单元设置成能够将停放在停车平台21上的电动汽车抬升预设量(如预设量为10cm或20cm)，进而通过提升电动汽车的高度为电池3的进出和底部加解锁机构留出足够的操作空间，有效地避让轮胎等车体造成的干涉。其中，调平单元设置成能够调节车辆4与停车平台21的平行度，进而使加解锁机构与车底保持平行，提高加解锁机构的换电准确性。实现方式上，抬车单元和调平单元都可以采用电机、电缸、气缸等作为驱动力，采用竖直滑轨，凸轮机构，刚性链条，丝杆，齿轮等作为传递装置来实现。例如：采用伺服电机作为驱动力，丝杠滑轨作为传动件与I型辊筒组212连接，通过电机带动丝杠滑轨动作，带动I型辊筒组212上升下降，进而完成电动汽车底盘的抬升或调平。
应当注意的是，此处的抬车单元与现有技术中用于车辆4抬升的抬升机构也可以采用相同的设置方式，但是抬车单元与现有技术中的抬升机构的区别在于，抬车单元无需将电动汽车抬升很高，即可实现操作空间的提升。举例而言，现有技术的抬升机构需要将电动汽车抬升80cm才可以为换电机器人留出足够的进出空间，而本发明的抬车单元只需将车辆4抬升20cm、甚至10cm既可以实现同样的目的，相对于抬升80cm的情况，抬升20cm或10cm大大降低了驾驶员坐在车内进行换电的危险，使得驾驶员仍旧可以坐在车内便可完成换电。
下面参照图6和图7，其中，图6为本发明的带有平移单元的充换电站的结构示意图(一)；图7为本发明的带有平移单元的充换电站的结构示意图(二)。
在另一种可能的实施方式中，为了进一步缩小换电平台整体的尺寸，实现充换电站的小型化，还可以为加解锁单元配置平移单元23，平移单元23设置成能够使加解锁机构沿车辆4的前进/后退方向移动。与前述类似地，平移单元23采用的驱动方式也可以有多种，电机、气缸、电缸等依然可以作为驱动力，常用的丝杠滑轨、齿条等作为传动件与加解锁单元的底盘连接。这样设置的原因是，通常电池3并未设置在电动汽车底盘的中心位置，而充换电站内的换电平台模块2和电池充储模块1为了设计和控制上的便利都尽可能的采用对中设置，这样一来，电池3和加解锁机构的中心不重合(具体的是电池3和加解锁机构沿车辆4前进/后退方向的中点不重合)，加解锁机构不能与换电位置对准。此时若想使电池3和加解锁机构的沿车辆4前进/后退方向的中点重合，就需要增大换电平台和充换电站的占地面积。如增大换电平台一侧的占地面积，使车辆4前进/后退方向的中点上移或下移，以便与电池3在该方向上的中点重合。而采用平移单元23使加解锁机构沿车辆4前进/后退方向移动的设置方式，使得平移单元23通过自身的平移完成了加解锁机构和电池3中点的对准，既满足了设计的便利性，又缩小了换电平台的整体尺寸，减小了充换电站的占地面积，实现充换电站的小型化。
下面参照图1和图5，其中，图5为本发明的一种电池转运装置的结构示意图。如图1所示，电池储存装置11进一步包括多个电池架单元111，电池架单元111上设置有第一电池转运单元(图中未示出)，第一电池转运单元包括第二驱动机构(图中未示出)和第二传动机构(图中未示出)，第二驱动机构能够驱动第二传动机构运动，第二传动机构能够承载电池3，进而实现电池3进入/退出电池架单元111的功能，以便与电池转运装置12完成电池3的交换。实现方式上，每个电池架单元111可以采用模块化的设置方式实现，通过层级的添加以及排数的添加实现电池储存单元的扩容，以满足更频繁的换电需求和更多的储存需求。第二驱动机构仍可以采用电机、电缸、气缸等方式，第二传动机构采用丝杠螺母、导轨、链条、滚轮组以及辊筒组等方式，进而实现电池进入/ 退出电池储存装置11、以及与电池转运装置12交换电池的功能。当然，电池架单元111也可以采用整体框架拼接的方式实现，以提高电池储存装置11的整体稳定性。
如图5所示，在一种可能的实施方式中，电池转运装置12包括电池升降单元121、至少一个第二电池转运单元122。其中，电池升降单元121设置成能够使至少一个电池转运单元上升/下降，第二电池转运单元122设置成能够与电池储存装置11以及电池运输单元22完成电池3的交换。具体地，电池升降单元121包括第三驱动机构1211和第三传动机构1212，第三驱动机构1211能够驱动第三传动机构1212上升/下降，第三传动机构1212与至少一个第二电池转运单元122直接连接或间接连接。第二电池转运单元122包括第四驱动机构(图中未示出)和第四传动机构(图中未示出)，第四驱动机构能够驱动第四传动机构运动，第四传动机构能够承载电池3，进而实现使电池3进入/退出电池转运装置12的功能，以便与电池转运装置12完成电池3交换。为保证零构件的统一，方便维修和更换，这里的电池升降单元121和电池转运单元122仍可以采用电机、电缸、气缸等方式作为第三驱动机构1211或第四驱动机构，采用丝杠螺母、导轨、链条等方式作为第三传动机构1212或第四传动机构，进而实现电池的升降、以及与电池运输单元22和电池储存装置11的电池3的交换。此外，为使电池转运装置12分别与电池储存装置11和电池运输单元22对接，充换电站的地面上还设置有横移导轨13，电池转运装置12能够在导轨的导向下移动，以完成与电池运输单元22以及电池储存装置11中每个电池架单元111的对接。
在一种更为优选的实施方式中，电池转运装置12可以设置有上下两层或左右并排排布的两个第二电池转运单元122，并且两个电池转运单元设置成在其中一个电池转运单元接收/转运亏电电池的同时或之后，另一个电池转运单元能够转运/接收满电电池。通过电池转运单元以上下两层或者左右两排的设置方式，使得电池转运装置12可以同时存放两块电池。这样一来，在换电过程中，电池转运装置12可以在一次动作过程中完成亏电电池的接收和满电电池的转运，进一步加快换电节拍。而电池转运装置12通过横移导轨13相对于电池储存装置11可以平行移 动的设置方式，还使得电池储存装置11或换电平台模块2需要维修时，通过电池转运装置12的横移留出足够维修空间，降低维修难度。
下面结合图6和图7，简述本发明的充换电站的一种可能的换电过程：
驾驶员驾驶电动汽车驶入停车平台21并在第一定位机构和第二定位机构的限制下完成电动汽车的定位→平移单元23使加解锁单元平移至换电位置的投影位置→举升机构将加解锁机构举升至换电位置→加解锁机构将亏电电池卸下，亏电电池落在加解锁单元的底板上→平移单元23使加解锁单元平移至原位后，举升机构使加解锁单元下降，亏电电池落在电池运输单元22的滚轮组上→电池运输单元22输送亏电电池至电池转运装置12，电池转运装置12的上层第二电池转运单元122接收亏电电池→第二电池转运单元122接收亏电电池后，电池升降单元121使两个第二电池转运单元122同时上升，进而下层的第二电池转运单元122与电池运输单元22对接→下层的第二电池转运单元122将存放的满电电池转运至电池运输单元22→电池运输单元22接收满电电池并将满电电池输送至加解锁单元的底板上→平移单元23使加解锁单元再次平移至换电位置的投影位置→举升机构再次将加解锁机构举升至换电位置→加解锁机构将满电电池安装在电动汽车上→举升机构使加解锁机构下降，平移单元23使加解锁单元平移至原位→第二定位机构反方向移动，取消对汽车轮胎的限制，驾驶员驾驶电动汽车驶出充换电站。
当然，上述换电过程的描述只是为了阐述本发明的工作原理，并非旨在于限制本发明的保护范围，在不偏离本发明原理的前提下，本领域技术人员可以对上述流程或机构的动作顺序进行调整，以便本发明能够适用于更加具体的应用场景，例如，在加解锁机构将满电电池安装在电动汽车上后，平移单元23使加解锁单元平移至原位的动作与举升机构使加解锁机构下降还可以同时进行；再例如，电池运输单元22与电池转运装置12交换电池时，也可以是电池转运装置12的下层第二电池转运单元122先接收亏电电池，然后上层的第二电池转运单元122将满电电池转运至电池运输单元22。
至此，已经结合附图所示的优选实施方式描述了本发明的技术方案，但是，本领域技术人员容易理解的是，本发明的保护范围显然 不局限于这些具体实施方式。在不偏离本发明的原理的前提下，本领域技术人员可以对相关技术特征作出等同的更改或替换，这些更改或替换之后的技术方案都将落入本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (17)

  1. 一种充换电站，其特征在于，所述充换电站包括电池充储模块和换电平台模块，
    其中，所述电池充储模块储存有多块电池，所述电池充储模块设置成能够与所述换电平台模块对接并交换电池；
    其中，所述换电平台模块设置成能够运输电池以及为车辆更换电池。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的充换电站，其特征在于，所述换电平台模块包括：
    停车平台，所述停车平台设置成能够对停放于其上的车辆进行定位；
    加解锁单元，所述加解锁单元设置成能够从车辆上卸下亏电电池以及将满电电池安装至车辆；
    电池运输单元，所述电池运输单元设置成能够将所述加解锁单元卸下的亏电电池运输至所述电池充储模块，以及接收来自所述电池充储模块的满电电池并运输至所述加解锁单元。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的充换电站，其特征在于，所述电池运输单元进一步设置成能够在车辆不被抬升时将所述加解锁单元卸下的亏电电池运输至所述电池充储模块、以及接收来自所述电池充储模块的满电电池并运输至所述加解锁单元。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的充换电站，其特征在于，所述电池运输单元包括第一驱动机构和第一传动机构，所述第一驱动机构能够驱动所述第一传动机构运动，所述第一传动机构能够承载电池。
  5. 根据权利要求2所述的充换电站，其特征在于，所述加解锁单元包括举升机构和加解锁机构，所述举升机构能够将所述加解锁机构举升至换电位置，所述加解锁机构能够在所述换电位置对电池进行加解锁。
  6. 根据权利要求5中所述的充换电站，其特征在于，所述加解锁单元 还配置有平移单元，所述平移单元能够使所述加解锁单元沿车辆的前进/后退方向移动。
  7. 根据权利要求2所述的充换电站，其特征在于，所述停车平台上设置有第一定位机构和第二定位机构，所述第一定位机构能够使车辆在车辆的前进/后退方向上定位，所述第二定位机构能够使车辆在车辆的宽度方向上定位。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的充换电站，其特征在于，所述第一定位机构包括V型辊筒组和I型辊筒组，所述V型辊筒组能够使车辆的前轮/后轮嵌入其中，并且所述V型辊筒组允许车辆的前轮/后轮沿所述宽度方向移动；所述I型辊筒组相应地允许车辆的后轮/前轮支撑于其上并且沿所述宽度方向移动。
  9. 根据权利要求7所述的充换电站，其特征在于，所述第二定位机构包括前轮对中推拉杆和/或后轮对中推拉杆，所述前轮对中推拉杆和/或所述后轮对中推拉杆能够通过推动/拉动车辆的前轮/后轮的方式使车辆在所述宽度方向上定位。
  10. 根据权利要求2所述的充换电站，其特征在于，所述换电平台模块还包括抬车单元和/或调平单元，
    其中，所述抬车单元能够将停放于所述停车平台上的车辆抬升预设量；
    其中，所述调平单元能够调节车辆与所述停车平台的平行度。
  11. 根据权利要求2至10中任一项所述的充换电站，其特征在于，所述电池充储模块包括电池储存装置和电池转运装置，
    所述电池储存装置储存有多块电池，所述电池储存装置设置成能够与电池转运装置对接并交换电池；
    所述电池转运装置设置成能够接收所述电池运输单元的亏电电池并转运至所述电池储存装置，以及接收来自所述电池储存装置的满电电池并转运至所述电池运输单元。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的充换电站，其特征在于，所述电池储存装置进一步包括多个电池架单元，每个所述电池架单元上设置有第一电池转运单元，所述第一电池转运单元设置成能够使电池进入/退出所述电池架单元。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的充换电站，其特征在于，所述第一电池转运单元包括第二驱动机构和第二传动机构，所述第二驱动机构能够驱动所述第二传动机构运动，所述第二传动机构能够承载电池。
  14. 根据权利要求11所述的充换电站，其特征在于，所述电池转运装置包括电池升降单元和至少一个第二电池转运单元，所述电池升降单元设置成能够使所述至少一个第二电池转运单元上升/下降，所述第二电池转运单元设置成能够使电池进入/退出所述电池转运装置。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的充换电站，其特征在于，所述电池转运装置包括两个第二电池转运单元，所述两个第二电池转运单元设置成：
    在其中一个所述第二电池转运单元接收/转运亏电电池的同时或之后，另一个所述第二电池转运单元能够相应地转运/接收满电电池。
  16. 根据权利要求14所述的充换电站，其特征在于，所述电池升降单元包括第三驱动机构和第三传动机构，所述第三驱动机构能够驱动所述第三传动机构上升/下降，所述第三传动机构与所述至少一个第二电池转运单元连接。
  17. 根据权利要求14所述的充换电站，其特征在于，所述第二电池转运单元包括第四驱动机构和第四传动机构，所述第四驱动机构能够驱动所述第四传动机构运动，所述第四传动机构能够承载电池。
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