WO2019109282A1 - 钢衬聚四氟乙烯耐温垫加工方法及产品 - Google Patents

钢衬聚四氟乙烯耐温垫加工方法及产品 Download PDF

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WO2019109282A1
WO2019109282A1 PCT/CN2017/114910 CN2017114910W WO2019109282A1 WO 2019109282 A1 WO2019109282 A1 WO 2019109282A1 CN 2017114910 W CN2017114910 W CN 2017114910W WO 2019109282 A1 WO2019109282 A1 WO 2019109282A1
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steel
workpiece
temperature
steel lining
polytetrafluoroethylene
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PCT/CN2017/114910
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English (en)
French (fr)
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徐文胜
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徐文胜
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Priority to PCT/CN2017/114910 priority Critical patent/WO2019109282A1/zh
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23BTURNING; BORING
    • B23B1/00Methods for turning or working essentially requiring the use of turning-machines; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such methods
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16JPISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
    • F16J15/00Sealings
    • F16J15/02Sealings between relatively-stationary surfaces
    • F16J15/06Sealings between relatively-stationary surfaces with solid packing compressed between sealing surfaces
    • F16J15/10Sealings between relatively-stationary surfaces with solid packing compressed between sealing surfaces with non-metallic packing
    • F16J15/12Sealings between relatively-stationary surfaces with solid packing compressed between sealing surfaces with non-metallic packing with metal reinforcement or covering

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  • the invention relates to a gasket, in particular to a high temperature and high pressure resistant polytetrafluoroethylene gasket.
  • a ceramic reactor In the chemical production, a ceramic reactor is often used, and a ceramic layer is sintered on the inner wall of the reactor, so that the ceramic reactor has good corrosion resistance, the kettle mouth of the reaction kettle, the manhole and its external pipeline, etc.
  • the interface position needs to achieve a good seal. Therefore, it is necessary to use a material with anti-corrosion, high temperature and pressure resistance as a sealing member.
  • the seal member also needs a certain protection function to avoid ceramic damage or falling off at the interface position.
  • a gasket made of a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) material is used as a sealing member, which has the advantages of high temperature resistance, low temperature resistance, corrosion resistance, non-adhesion, and no toxicity.
  • the working pressure of the PTFE material is relatively small, and the working pressure is usually -0.1 to 6.4 MPa; in order to adapt it to a larger working pressure, there is a method of providing a steel lining inside the gasket.
  • the molten polytetrafluoroethylene material is cast on the surface of the metal material by a hot melt method, so that the PTFE material is wrapped around the steel lining, thereby obtaining the final product, and the steel lining has a reinforcing effect, so that the pressure resistance of the gasket is better.
  • the Teflon layer can't be made too thick, otherwise it can't withstand the big work pressure.
  • Such a steel-lined gasket has several problems that are difficult to overcome:
  • the thickness of the PTFE layer on the surface of the gasket is difficult to control.
  • the gasket In the hot melt process, the gasket is flattened in the hot state, and it is necessary to provide a reference plane having a relatively high flatness. Even so, in the pressure In the flat process, it is also difficult to ensure that the steel lining can be accurately located at the center of a very thin PTFE.
  • the fluidized PTFE will promote the deformation and displacement of the steel lining, and the PTFE will also flow due to its own flow. Sexuality leads to localized unevenness, which ultimately results in a lower yield of the gasket.
  • PTFE has outstanding non-tackiness. Although it is fused to the surface of the steel lining, it does not actually form a good bond with the steel lining.
  • the linear expansion coefficient of PTFE is 10 to 20 times that of steel. When heated, Under the dual influence of extrusion and expansion, it is easy to tear the Teflon layer.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a steel-lined polytetrafluoroethylene temperature-resistant mat and a processing method thereof, and the steel-lined polytetrafluoroethylene temperature-resistant mat obtained thereby has high processing yield and uniform thickness.
  • the object of the present invention is achieved by a method for processing a steel-lined polytetrafluoroethylene temperature resistant mat comprising the following steps:
  • the width of the cutting knife is not larger than the design width of the annular groove.
  • a limiting member is simultaneously clamped on the holder, and the side of the limiting member facing the end surface of the workpiece is a plane, and the limit is The gap between the piece and the cutting blade is the thickness of one edge of the spacer, and the front end of the limiting member exceeds the front end of the cutting blade tip;
  • the moving lathe tool holder abuts the limiting member against the end surface of the workpiece, and then feeds the blade to machine a ring groove on the workpiece, the groove depth of the annular groove is less than the design groove depth of 0.5 to 2 mm;
  • the workpiece is cut at a position where the thickness of the other side of the gasket is designed to obtain a teflon skeleton having an I-shaped cross section;
  • Loading steel lining and non-asbestos mat The PTFE skeleton is heated to 200-230 ° C, softened, and then an annular steel lining is placed in the annular groove, while the steel lining and the PTFE skeleton are A non-asbestos pad is placed between the two sides of the ring; the non-asbestos pad is made of non-asbestos material, and the non-asbestos material is an existing material in the prior art, which is composed of aramid fiber, inorganic fiber, synthetic rubber and the like. Minerals, which are calendered under high temperature and high pressure;
  • the invention is made into a steel-lined PTFE temperature-resistant pad by mechanical processing, and the dimensional precision is easy to control, and a gap is left between the steel lining and the non-asbestos pad, and the sealing is better after installation, and the injection molding process can be avoided.
  • the steel liner bias phenomenon occurs in the process, and its non-asbestos cushion is easy to install.
  • the device is suitable for the kettle mouth seal of the ceramic reactor, and it is durable and ensures a good sealing effect for a long time.
  • a further improvement is that the steel lining is wavy in the circumferential direction.
  • the undulating steel lining has good elasticity, which ensures the durability of the device and its long service life.
  • the limiting member is made of a polytetrafluoroethylene material.
  • the material is the same as the body material of the steel-lined PTFE temperature-resistant mat, and it is not easy to cause abrasion and surface scratch during processing.
  • a thimble is placed on the tailstock of the lathe against the center of the workpiece.
  • the thimble is directly placed on the bottom of the center hole.
  • a stepped top block may be disposed at the opening of the center hole, and the diameter of the small diameter section of the top block is matched with the diameter of the center hole and inserted into the center hole, and one end surface of the large diameter section of the top block abuts On the end face of the workpiece, the top of the thimble is at the center of the other end face of the large diameter section.
  • Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a steel-lined polytetrafluoroethylene temperature resistant mat of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the structure of a steel-lined polytetrafluoroethylene temperature-resistant mat of the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic view showing the clamping of the cutting blade and the limiting member during the processing.
  • Figure 4 is a working principle diagram of the cutting blade and the limiting member during the machining process.
  • Figure 5 is a working principle diagram of the ejector pin and the top block during the machining process.
  • 1 steel lining 1 non-asbestos mats, 3 skeletons, 4 center holes, 5 chucks, 6 workpieces, 7 annular grooves, 8 thimbles, 9 limit pieces, 10 cutting knives, 11 knives, 12 top blocks.
  • Fig. 1 and 2 it is a steel-lined PTFE temperature-resistant mat.
  • Its structure mainly includes steel lining 1, non-asbestos mat 2 and skeleton 3.
  • the center of the skeleton 3 is provided with a central hole 4, and the material of the skeleton 3 is gathered.
  • the circumferential surface of the skeleton 3 is provided with an annular groove 7, the steel lining 1 is installed in the annular groove 7, and two non-asbestos pads 2 are respectively installed on both sides of the steel lining 1, steel lining 1, non-asbestos pad There is a gap between the two, the non-asbestos pad 2 is made of non-asbestos material, and the non-asbestos material is an existing material in the prior art, which is composed of inorganic minerals such as aramid fiber, inorganic fiber and synthetic rubber at high temperature and high pressure.
  • the steel liner 1 is wavy in the circumferential direction.
  • the moving lathe seat 11 abuts the limiting member against the end surface of the workpiece 6, and then feeds the tool to machine a ring groove 7 on the workpiece 6, the groove depth of the annular groove 7 is smaller than the design groove depth 0.5 to 2 mm;
  • the workpiece 6 is cut at a position where the thickness of the other side edge of the gasket is designed to obtain a teflon skeleton 3 having an I-shaped cross section;
  • the difference from the first embodiment is that the workpiece is processed by using a Teflon tubular workpiece 6.
  • the center hole 4 needs to be processed to the design size, otherwise the center hole and the polytetrafluoroethylene are processed.
  • the concentricity of the outer circumference of the ethylene tubular workpiece is difficult to ensure. Therefore, the diameter of the central through hole of the tubular workpiece should be smaller than the diameter of the central hole of the finished product.
  • a stepped top block is provided at the opening of the central hole 4.
  • the diameter of the small diameter section of the top block 12 and the equal diameter of the center hole are inserted into the center hole, and one end surface of the large diameter section of the top block 12 abuts against the end surface of the workpiece, and the ejector pin 8 is placed on the other side of the large diameter section. End center.
  • the skeleton 3 was heated to 230 ° C, and when the deformation was restored, the slow cooling time was 180 minutes.
  • the invention adopts a machined form to manufacture a steel-lined PTFE temperature-resistant mat, which can avoid problems caused by casting, injection molding, etc., and ensures dimensional accuracy and reliability.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Gasket Seals (AREA)

Abstract

一种钢衬聚四氟乙烯耐温垫及其加工方法,涉及耐高温垫片技术领域,其采用机械加工的方式获得断面呈工字型的聚四氟乙烯骨架(3);再将聚四氟乙烯骨架(3)加温至200~230℃,使其软化后在环形槽(7)中装入环形的钢衬(1),同时在钢衬(1)与聚四氟乙烯骨架(3)的两侧边缘之间装入环形的非石棉垫(2);最后在热态下,将聚四氟乙烯骨架(3)两侧夹持在两块平板之间,然后缓慢降至室温后,取出复原成型的工件。其制造时,尺寸精度易于控制,钢衬、非石棉垫之间留有间隙,安装后具有更好的密封性,可以避免出现注塑加工过程中出现的钢衬偏置现象,同时其非石棉垫层易于安装,该装置适用于陶瓷反应釜的釜口密封,其经久耐用,保证长时间具有良好的密封效果。

Description

钢衬聚四氟乙烯耐温垫加工方法及产品 技术领域
本发明涉及一种垫片,特别涉及一种耐高温高压的聚四氟乙烯垫片。
背景技术
在化工生产中,常采用一种陶瓷反应釜,该反应釜的内壁上烧结有一层陶瓷层,使这种陶瓷反应釜具有良好的防腐蚀性能,反应釜的釜口、人孔及其外接管道等接口位置均需要实现良好的密封,因此需要采用防腐、耐高温、耐压的材料作为密封件,这种密封件还需要其具有一定的保护作用,避免接口位置的陶瓷损伤或脱落。现有技术中,采用一种由聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)材料制成的垫片作为密封件,其具有耐高温、耐低温、耐腐蚀、不粘附、无毒害的优点。但是聚四氟乙烯材料所耐受的工作压力较小,通常其工作压力为-0.1~6.4Mpa;为使其能适应更大的工作压力,有一种做法是在垫片的内部设置钢衬,其制造时,采用热熔方法将熔融的聚四氟乙烯材料浇注在金属材料表面,使得聚四氟乙烯材料包裹钢衬,从而得到最终产品,钢衬具有加强作用,使得垫片耐压性能较好,但是聚四氟乙烯层不能做得太厚,否则,同样不能承受较大工作压力。这样的带有钢衬的垫片存在如下几个比较难以克服的问题:
其一,是垫片表面的聚四氟乙烯层的厚度难以控制,热熔过程中,在热态下降垫片压平,需要提供平面度相当高的基准面才能做到,即便如此,在压平过程中,也很难保证钢衬能够准确位于很薄的聚四氟乙烯的中心位置,流态的聚四氟乙烯会推动钢衬变形、位移,聚四氟乙烯也会因为其自身的流动性导致局部不均匀,最终使得垫片的成品率较低。
其二,由于钢衬为平板材料,而聚四氟乙烯具有“冷流性”,所制成的垫片容易发生的塑性变形,为密封严密需要把螺栓拧得很紧,会使垫片产生蠕变而被压扁,垫片的弹性较差,不利于反复使用,这对于需要经常开启的釜口而言,需要经常更换垫片,导致成本大幅上升。
其三,PTFE具有突出的不粘性,尽管其熔合在钢衬表面,但其实际上并未与钢衬形成良好的粘接,PTFE的线性膨胀系数为钢的10~20倍,在受热时,两者之间在受挤压和膨胀的双重影响下,容易将聚四氟乙烯层撕裂。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种钢衬聚四氟乙烯耐温垫及其加工方法,使其获得的钢衬聚四氟乙烯耐温垫具有加工成品率高、厚度均匀。
本发明的目的是这样实现的:一种钢衬聚四氟乙烯耐温垫加工方法,包括如下步骤:
1)定位及初加工:将聚四氟乙烯棒状或管状工件夹持在车床的卡盘上;先将工件端面车平、外表面车圆、加工中心孔至设计尺寸;
2)换切断刀:切断刀的宽度不大于环形槽的设计宽度,装夹切断刀时,在刀座上同时夹持一块限位件,限位件朝向工件端面的一侧为平面,限位件与切断刀之间的间隙为垫片一侧边缘的厚度,限位件的前端超出切断刀刀尖前端;
3)加工环形槽:移动车床刀座将限位件贴靠在工件的端面上,然后进刀,在工件上加工出一圈环形槽,环形槽的槽深小于设计槽深0.5~2mm;
4)扩宽环形槽:退刀后,换切断刀加工或卸下限位件,再次进刀加工,向车床卡盘方向扩宽环形槽,使槽宽等于环形槽设计宽度,然后水平走刀,将环形槽底部加工平整,使得槽底直径达到设计尺寸;
5)切断:在让出垫片另一侧边缘设计厚度的位置将工件切断,得到断面呈工字型的聚四氟乙烯骨架;
6)装入钢衬和非石棉垫:将聚四氟乙烯骨架加温至200~230℃,使其软化后在环形槽中装入环形的钢衬,同时在钢衬与聚四氟乙烯骨架的两侧边缘之间装入环形的非石棉垫;非石棉垫由非石棉材料制成,非石棉材料为现有技术中的已有材料,其由芳纶纤维、无机纤维、合成橡胶等无机矿物质,在高温高压下压延而成的;
7)形变复原:热态下,将聚四氟乙烯骨架两侧夹持在两块平板之间,然后缓慢降至室温后,取出即得成型工件,降温时间20~180分钟。
本发明通过机械加工,制成钢衬聚四氟乙烯耐温垫,其尺寸精度易于控制,钢衬、非石棉垫之间留有间隙,安装后具有更好的密封性,可以避免出现注塑加工过程中出现的钢衬偏置现象,同时其非石棉垫层易于安装,该装置适用于陶瓷反应釜的釜口密封,其经久耐用,保证长时间具有良好的密封效果。
其进一步改进在于所述钢衬在圆周方向上呈波浪形。波浪形的钢衬具有较好弹性,可以保证该装置经久耐用,其使用寿命长。
进一步地,所述限位件由聚四氟乙烯材料制成。该材料与钢衬聚四氟乙烯耐温垫的本体材料相同,加工过程中不易造成磨损和表面划伤。
为保证加工稳定,在车床尾座上加顶针顶住工件中心。
进一步地,针对聚四氟乙烯棒状工件,顶针直接顶在中心孔内底部。
进一步地,可以在中心孔的孔口位置设有阶梯形的顶块,顶块的小径段直径与中心 孔等径并配合***中心孔中,顶块的大径段的一侧端面贴靠在工件端面上,顶针顶在大径段的另一侧端面中心。
附图说明
图1为本发明的钢衬聚四氟乙烯耐温垫的断面图。
图2为本发明的钢衬聚四氟乙烯耐温垫的结构示意图。
图3为加工过程中切断刀和限位件的装夹示意图。
图4为加工过程中的切断刀和限位件的工作原理图。
图5为加工过程中顶针、顶块的工作原理图。
其中,1钢衬,2非石棉垫,3骨架,4中心孔,5卡盘,6工件,7环形槽,8顶针,9限位件,10切断刀,11刀座,12顶块。
具体实施方式
实施例1
如图1、2所示,为钢衬聚四氟乙烯耐温垫,其结构主要包括钢衬1、非石棉垫2和骨架3,骨架3中心设有中心孔4,骨架3的材质为聚四氟乙烯,骨架3的圆周表面设有环形槽7,钢衬1安装在环形槽7中,非石棉垫2有两个,分别安装在钢衬1的两侧,钢衬1、非石棉垫2之间留有间隙,非石棉垫2由非石棉材料制成,非石棉材料为现有技术中的已有材料,其由芳纶纤维、无机纤维、合成橡胶等无机矿物质,在高温高压下压延而成的;钢衬1在圆周方向上呈波浪形。
其制造时,其加工原理可如图3-4所示,具体而言,按如下步骤进行:
1)定位及初加工:将聚四氟乙烯棒状的工件6夹持在车床的卡盘5上;先将工件6的端面车平、外表面车圆、加工中心4孔至设计尺寸;加工时,在车床尾座上加顶针8顶住工件6的中心,再进行外表面车圆;钻中心孔4后,再以顶针8直接顶在中心孔4的内底部,可保证加工稳定,避免工件6变形;
2)换切断刀:换下之前用的外圆车刀,换成切断刀10,切断刀10的宽度不大于环形槽7的设计宽度,装夹切断刀10时,在刀座11上同时夹持一块限位件9,限位件9页由聚四氟乙烯材料制成,限位件9朝向工件6的端面一侧为平面,限位件9与切断刀10之间的间隙为垫片一侧边缘的厚度,限位件9的前端超出切断刀10刀尖前端;以保证加工时,限位件9先接触到工件端面,达到限位目的,使得加工尺寸精度高,在进行定位时,车床进刀刻度是不起作用的,因为换刀后,切断刀10的位置和外圆车刀的刀尖形状、位置都发生了变换,导致在初始定位时,无法确定最初的原点,而通过限位件9可以确定初始点;
3)加工环形槽:移动车床刀座11将限位件贴靠在工件6的端面上,然后进刀,在工件6上加工出一圈环形槽7,环形槽7的槽深小于设计槽深0.5~2mm;
4)扩宽环形槽:退刀后,换另一切断刀加工或卸下限位件,用同一切断刀10再次进刀加工,向车床卡盘方向扩宽环形槽7,使槽宽等于环形槽设计宽度,然后水平走刀,将环形槽底部加工平整,使得槽底直径达到设计尺寸;
5)切断:在让出垫片另一侧边缘设计厚度的位置将工件6切断,得到断面呈工字型的聚四氟乙烯骨架3;
6)装入钢衬和非石棉垫:将骨架3加温至200℃,使其软化后,因其柔软可变形,可在环形槽7中装入环形的钢衬1,同时在钢衬1与骨架3的两侧边缘之间装入环形的非石棉垫2;
7)形变复原:热态下,将聚四氟乙烯骨架两侧夹持在两块平板之间,然后缓慢降至室温后,取出即得成型工件,降温时间20分钟。
实施例2
如图5所示,与实施例1的不同之处在于,其采用聚四氟乙烯管状的工件6进行加工,加工时,也需要将中心孔4加工至设计尺寸,否则中心孔与聚四氟乙烯管状的工件外圆的同心度难以保证,因此,管状工件的中心通孔直径应小于成品的中心孔直径,加工中心孔4后,在中心孔4的孔口位置设有阶梯形的顶块12,顶块12的小径段直径与中心孔等径并配合***中心孔中,顶块12的大径段的一侧端面贴靠在工件端面上,顶针8顶在大径段的另一侧端面中心。
此外,在装入钢衬1和非石棉垫2时,将骨架3加温至230℃,形变复原时,缓慢降温时间为180分钟。
本发明采用机加工的形式制造钢衬聚四氟乙烯耐温垫,可避免浇注、注塑等方式带来的问题,保证了尺寸精度和使用可靠性。
本发明并不局限于上述实施例,在本发明公开的技术方案的基础上,本领域的技术人员根据所公开的技术内容,不需要创造性的劳动就可以对其中的一些技术特征作出一些替换和变形,这些替换和变形均在本发明的保护范围内。

Claims (7)

  1. 一种钢衬聚四氟乙烯耐温垫加工方法,其特征在于包括如下步骤:
    1)定位及初加工:将聚四氟乙烯棒状或管状工件夹持在车床的卡盘上;先将工件端面车平、外表面车圆、加工中心孔至设计尺寸;
    2)换切断刀:切断刀的宽度不大于环形槽的设计宽度,装夹切断刀时,在刀座上同时夹持一块限位件,限位件朝向工件端面的一侧为平面,限位件与切断刀之间的间隙为垫片一侧边缘的厚度,限位件的前端超出切断刀刀尖前端;
    3)加工环形槽:移动车床刀座将限位件贴靠在工件的端面上,然后进刀,在工件上加工出一圈环形槽,环形槽的槽深小于设计槽深0.5~2mm;
    4)扩宽环形槽:退刀后,换切断刀加工或卸下限位件,再次进刀加工,向车床卡盘方向扩宽环形槽,使槽宽等于环形槽设计宽度,然后水平走刀,将环形槽底部加工平整,使得槽底直径达到设计尺寸;
    5)切断:在让出垫片另一侧边缘设计厚度的位置将工件切断,得到断面呈工字型的聚四氟乙烯骨架;
    6)装入钢衬和非石棉垫:将聚四氟乙烯骨架加温至200~230℃,使其软化后在环形槽中装入环形的钢衬,同时在钢衬与聚四氟乙烯骨架的两侧边缘之间装入环形的非石棉垫;
    7)形变复原:热态下,将聚四氟乙烯骨架两侧夹持在两块平板之间,然后缓慢降至室温后,取出即得成型工件,降温时间20~180分钟。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种钢衬聚四氟乙烯耐温垫加工方法,其特征在于所述钢衬在圆周方向上呈波浪形。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的一种钢衬聚四氟乙烯耐温垫加工方法,其特征在于所述限位件由聚四氟乙烯材料制成。
  4. 根据权利要求1或2所述的一种钢衬聚四氟乙烯耐温垫加工方法,其特征在于步骤1)和2)之间,在车床尾座上加顶针顶住工件中心。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的一种钢衬聚四氟乙烯耐温垫加工方法,其特征在于针对聚四氟乙烯棒状工件,顶针直接顶在中心孔内底部。
  6. 根据权利要求4所述的一种钢衬聚四氟乙烯耐温垫加工方法,其特征在于中心孔的孔口位置设有阶梯形的顶块,顶块的小径段直径与中心孔等径并配合***中心孔中,顶块的大径段的一侧端面贴靠在工件端面上,顶针顶在大径段的另一侧端面中心。
  7. 一种钢衬聚四氟乙烯耐温垫产品,其特征在于按照权利要求1-6任意种方法生产。
PCT/CN2017/114910 2017-12-07 2017-12-07 钢衬聚四氟乙烯耐温垫加工方法及产品 WO2019109282A1 (zh)

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