WO2019106317A1 - Multi-layer complex for the manipulation of a liquid, a sanitary, medical, surgical or hygiene device comprising such a complex, and an associated method of production - Google Patents

Multi-layer complex for the manipulation of a liquid, a sanitary, medical, surgical or hygiene device comprising such a complex, and an associated method of production Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019106317A1
WO2019106317A1 PCT/FR2018/053060 FR2018053060W WO2019106317A1 WO 2019106317 A1 WO2019106317 A1 WO 2019106317A1 FR 2018053060 W FR2018053060 W FR 2018053060W WO 2019106317 A1 WO2019106317 A1 WO 2019106317A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
layer
zone
liquid
complex
primary
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/FR2018/053060
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Philippe Serre
Original Assignee
F.D.S.
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Publication date
Application filed by F.D.S. filed Critical F.D.S.
Publication of WO2019106317A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019106317A1/en

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
    • A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
    • A61F13/53—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium
    • A61F13/534—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having an inhomogeneous composition through the thickness of the pad
    • A61F13/537—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having an inhomogeneous composition through the thickness of the pad characterised by a layer facilitating or inhibiting flow in one direction or plane, e.g. a wicking layer
    • A61F13/53708—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having an inhomogeneous composition through the thickness of the pad characterised by a layer facilitating or inhibiting flow in one direction or plane, e.g. a wicking layer the layer having a promotional function on liquid propagation in at least one direction
    • A61F13/53717—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having an inhomogeneous composition through the thickness of the pad characterised by a layer facilitating or inhibiting flow in one direction or plane, e.g. a wicking layer the layer having a promotional function on liquid propagation in at least one direction the layer having a promotional function on liquid propagation in the horizontal direction
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
    • A61F13/01—Non-adhesive bandages or dressings
    • A61F13/01021—Non-adhesive bandages or dressings characterised by the structure of the dressing
    • A61F13/01029—Non-adhesive bandages or dressings characterised by the structure of the dressing made of multiple layers
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
    • A61F13/02—Adhesive bandages or dressings
    • A61F13/0203—Adhesive bandages or dressings with fluid retention members
    • A61F13/022—Adhesive bandages or dressings with fluid retention members having more than one layer with different fluid retention characteristics
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
    • A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
    • A61F13/53—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium
    • A61F13/534—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having an inhomogeneous composition through the thickness of the pad
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
    • A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
    • A61F13/53—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium
    • A61F13/534—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having an inhomogeneous composition through the thickness of the pad
    • A61F13/537—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having an inhomogeneous composition through the thickness of the pad characterised by a layer facilitating or inhibiting flow in one direction or plane, e.g. a wicking layer
    • A61F13/53708—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having an inhomogeneous composition through the thickness of the pad characterised by a layer facilitating or inhibiting flow in one direction or plane, e.g. a wicking layer the layer having a promotional function on liquid propagation in at least one direction
    • A61F13/53713—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having an inhomogeneous composition through the thickness of the pad characterised by a layer facilitating or inhibiting flow in one direction or plane, e.g. a wicking layer the layer having a promotional function on liquid propagation in at least one direction the layer having a promotional function on liquid propagation in the vertical direction
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
    • A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
    • A61F13/53—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium
    • A61F13/534—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having an inhomogeneous composition through the thickness of the pad
    • A61F2013/53445—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having an inhomogeneous composition through the thickness of the pad from several sheets

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the general field of multilayer complexes for the handling of liquids, as well as to the field of sanitary, medical, surgical or hygienic devices comprising such multilayer complexes.
  • the invention also relates to the technical field of the processes for manufacturing such multilayer complexes.
  • the invention more specifically relates to a multilayer complex for handling a liquid, comprising a primary layer intended to come into contact with said liquid.
  • the invention also relates to a sanitary, medical, surgical or hygienic device intended to come into contact with the skin of a user, comprising a multilayer complex for handling a liquid.
  • the invention furthermore relates to a method for manufacturing a multilayer complex for handling a liquid, in which an assembly is made comprising a primary layer intended to come into contact with said liquid.
  • Multilayer complexes are already known, that is systems composed of an assembly of a plurality of distinct layers stacked one on top of the other.
  • Multilayer complexes are also known which are specifically designed for handling a liquid in contact with which they are placed.
  • a primary layer which constitutes for example one of the upper or lower faces of the complex, and which is intended to come into contact with said liquid
  • such complexes can thus be designed to guide and move said liquid from this primary layer.
  • another layer of the complex generally provided with different properties, such as for example a layer provided with a high absorbency, at which said liquid can then be stored.
  • Sanitary, medical, surgical or hygienic devices including such multilayer complexes, such as dressings or surgical devices, are also known.
  • sanitary napkins The primary layer of these complexes is then generally positioned facing, and in direct contact or not with, the skin or mucosa of a user so as to collect a liquid (blood, exudates, urine, etc.), before the latter is directed, for example by capillarity, to one or more predefined "target" zones of an absorbent upper layer of said complex to be stored therein.
  • a liquid blood, exudates, urine, etc.
  • the objects assigned to the invention therefore aim at overcoming the disadvantages set forth in the foregoing and at proposing a new multilayer complex for handling a liquid which is designed to limit the reflux of said liquid through the different layers of said complex , while being extremely simple, compact and reliable design.
  • Another object of the invention is to propose a new multilayer complex which has a particularly effective anti-reflux effect.
  • Another object of the invention is to propose a new multilayer complex allowing a particularly precise and rapid handling of said liquid and, in particular, a particularly precise and rapid delivery of said liquid within and through the various layers that constitute said complex.
  • Another object of the invention is to propose a new multilayer complex particularly easy to design and manufacture using conventional technical means.
  • Another object of the invention is to propose a new sanitary, medical, surgical or hygienic device comprising such an improved multilayer complex.
  • Another object of the invention is to propose a new sanitary, medical, surgical or hygienic device of particularly easy, safe and comfortable use.
  • Another object of the invention is to propose a new sanitary, medical, surgical or hygienic device of use which, when positioned in contact with the skin of a user, allows a detection, measurement or a particularly simple characterization, fast and reliable of a characteristic or constituent element of a biological fluid of said user.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a novel method for manufacturing a multilayer complex for handling a liquid, which is particularly simple and inexpensive to implement, and in particular allows to obtain devices in fine. sanitary, medical, surgical or hygienic improved at controlled cost.
  • Another object of the invention is to propose a new manufacturing process which makes it possible to obtain a multilayer complex having a particularly effective anti-reflux effect.
  • Another object of the invention is to propose a novel manufacturing method, which makes it possible to obtain a multilayer complex that allows a particularly precise and rapid handling of a liquid and, in particular, a particularly precise and rapid routing of said liquid within and through the different layers that constitute said complex.
  • Another object of the invention is to propose a new manufacturing process that does not require, for its implementation, expensive and complex specific technical means.
  • a multilayer complex for handling a liquid comprising a primary layer intended to come into contact with said liquid, said complex being characterized in that it also comprises at least:
  • a secondary layer which itself comprises first and second zones, said first and second zones being distinct and each having a respective different behavior in contact with said liquid;
  • an intermediate layer which is interposed between said primary and secondary layers, and which itself comprises at least a first portion impervious to said liquid and at least a first permeable portion allowing passage of said liquid from the primary layer to the layer; secondary, said first impervious portion extending opposite said first zone, the projection of the first impermeable portion in a plane parallel to said secondary and intermediate layers covering at least half of the area of the projection of the first zone in this same area; plan, for limiting the reflux of said liquid from said first zone to said primary layer, and
  • a barrier layer covering said secondary layer and being substantially impervious to said liquid.
  • a sanitary, medical, surgical or hygienic device intended to come into contact with the skin of a user, comprising a multilayer complex for handling a liquid, characterized in that said complex is as described above.
  • the objects assigned to the invention are also achieved by means of a method for manufacturing a multilayer complex for handling a liquid, in which an assembly is made comprising a primary layer intended to come into contact with said liquid, said method being characterized in that said assembly also comprises:
  • a secondary layer which itself comprises first and second zones, said first and second zones being distinct and each having a respective different behavior in contact with said liquid;
  • an intermediate layer which is interposed between said primary and secondary layers, and which itself comprises at least a first impermeable portion; liquid audit and at least a first permeable portion allowing passage of said liquid from the primary layer to the secondary layer, said first impervious portion extending opposite said first zone, the projection of the first impermeable portion in a parallel plane said secondary and intermediate layers covering at least half of the area of the projection of the first zone in this same plane, to limit the reflux of said liquid from said first zone to said primary layer, and
  • a barrier layer covering said secondary layer and being substantially impervious to said liquid.
  • FIG. 1 and 2 illustrate schematically, and respectively in a vertical section and in an exploded perspective view, a preferred embodiment of a multilayer complex according to the invention
  • FIG. 3 illustrates schematically and in an exploded perspective view, another preferred embodiment of a multilayer complex according to the invention
  • FIG. 4 illustrates schematically and in top view, the overlap of the respective orthogonal projections in the same fictitious plane of some elements of the layers of the complex according to the invention
  • FIG. 5 and 6 illustrate schematically, and respectively in a vertical section and in an exploded perspective view, a variant of the preferred embodiment of Figures 1 and 2;
  • FIG. 7 schematically illustrates in perspective a variant of the secondary layer of the complex according to the invention, which has a compression line.
  • the invention relates to a multilayer complex 1, T, that is to say an assembly advantageously obtained by stacking a plurality of surface layers that are distinct from one another. Preferably, these layers extend in respective planes substantially parallel to each other.
  • the various layers that make up the complex 1, T are preferably distinct and of natures and functions advantageously different.
  • the complex 1, T is thus preferably composite.
  • the complex 1, T is flexible, so in particular to be optionally integrated within a sanitary device, medical, surgical or hygienic, without harming the comfort of wearing and use of such a device.
  • T of the invention is a multilayer complex for handling at least one liquid, that is to say that it is advantageously intended for the handling of at least one given liquid and that it is advantageously designed to modify the state and / or the position of at least a portion of said liquid with which said complex 1, T is brought into contact.
  • said liquid is an aqueous liquid, but this character is in no way limiting.
  • the multilayer complex T 1 is advantageously designed to move a certain quantity of said liquid from at least a first region of said complex 1 T to at least a second region of the latter, said second region preferably being distant. and distinct from said first region.
  • the various layers forming the complex 1, T of the invention are preferably designed, configured and arranged relative to each other to allow a displacement of the liquid considered from said first region to said second region of the complex 1, T, said first and second regions advantageously belonging to two distinct layers not immediately adjacent.
  • the displacement of said liquid preferably includes at least one orthogonal component to the layers, or even advantageously a combination of at least one component parallel to the layers. (That is, a displacement in the plane of extension of at least one of the layers of the complex 1, 1 ') and at least one component orthogonal to said layers.
  • the complex 1, 1 'multilayer of the invention is advantageously a fluid system or at least a fluid system component.
  • said complex 1, V comprises at least one primary layer 2, 2 'intended to come into contact with said liquid.
  • this primary layer 2, 2 ' is intended to come in priority contact with said liquid, that is to say that it advantageously constitutes a layer of said complex 1, 1' which is intended to come into contact with the liquid before all or part of the other layers of said complex 1, 1 ', said liquid thus advantageously penetrating said complex 1, 1', from the medium outside the latter, through said primary layer 2, 2 '.
  • said primary layer 2, 2 ' constitutes one of the most superficial layers of the complex 1, 1'. This primary layer 2, 2 'can thus advantageously correspond to said first region of the complex 1, V mentioned above.
  • this primary layer 2, 2 ' is formed of a primary piece 2A, 2A' of textile, which is preferably non-woven, porous and / or hydrophilic (for example paper or cotton).
  • Said primary piece 2A, 2A 'of textile is advantageously draining, that is to say that if said primary part 2A, 2A' can optionally absorb said liquid because of its preferentially porous and / or hydrophilic character, it is however advantageously substantially free of localized retention property of said liquid and it is, on the contrary, preferentially provided with a large capacity for diffusion of said liquid therein.
  • the thickness of the primer layer 2, 2 ' is, for example, substantially between 0.1 and 0.5 mm.
  • said primary layer 2, 2 ' comprises at least one preferred collection zone 2B, 2B', 2B "(identified in dotted lines in FIGS. 2 and 3) of said liquid, as well as guide means 2C, 2C 'of said liquid towards said collection zone 2B, 2B', 2B ".
  • Said preferential collection zone 2B, 2B ', 2B "thus advantageously corresponds to a particular predefined zone of said primary layer 2, 2' towards which said liquid penetrating into the complex 1, 1 'is preferentially directed, advantageously according to a displacement of said liquid parallel to the primary extension plane of said primary layer 2, 2 '.
  • said preferential collection zone 2B, 2B ', 2B is located substantially away from the primary edges which define the primary contour of said primary layer 2, 2 ', so as to limit the risk of leakage of the liquid from the primary layer 2, 2' by the primary edges of the latter.
  • said preferential collection zone 2B, 2B 1 , 2B is delimited in the figures according to a rectangular primary contour (in dotted lines in FIGS. 2, 3 and 6), this contour shape is purely schematic and n ' is given for illustrative purposes only, and can obviously affect any other desired shape (circular, oblong, etc.).
  • said guiding means 2C, 2C consist of barrier elements 2C, 2C 'of hydrophobic polymer material, for example of the pressure-sensitive adhesive type (PSA).
  • the guiding means 2C, 2C ' may consist of barrier elements 2C, 2C' of non-polymeric hydrophobic material, for example wax. Said barrier elements 2C, 2C 'are thus advantageously sealed to said liquid.
  • said barrier elements 2C, 2C are arranged in at least a portion of the thickness, and preferably throughout the thickness, of said primary layer 2, 2 '.
  • barrier elements 2C, 2C ' may, for example, be made by coating and local impregnation of said textile primary part 2A, 2A' using said hydrophobic polymer material.
  • said guide means 2C, 2C may be constituted differently, without departing from the scope of the invention.
  • the barrier elements 2C, 2C ' are arranged to form two-by-two converging channels which direct (that is, which "force” or minus significantly promote the displacement) said liquid present in the primary layer 2, 2 'towards said preferential collection zone 2B, 2B', 2B ".
  • said guide means 2C, 2C are arranged around the preferential collection zone 2B, 2B', 2B ". are arranged substantially along the entire contour of the preferential collection zone 2B, 2B ', 2B ", so as to surround the latter
  • the guide means 2C, 2C' thus preferably define a" star "or” ray "pattern substantially centered on the preferential collection zone 2B, 2B ', 2B "
  • the primary layer 2 comprises a single preferential collection zone 2B.
  • said primary layer 2 ' may comprise several distinct preferential collection areas.
  • the primary layer 2 ' preferably comprises a first 2B' and a second 2B "preferential collection areas, separate and preferably spaced apart from each other.
  • said barrier elements 2C ' will then be arranged according to a plurality of "star” or “radially” diagrams respectively centered on each of said first 2B' and second 2B "preferential collection zones.
  • the primary layer 2' may also advantageously comprise a plurality of additional barriers for guiding said liquid, arranged substantially parallel and defining at least one additional guide channel of said liquid which interconnects said preferred collection areas 2B ', 2B "( Figure 3).
  • the complex 1, 1 'of the invention also comprises at least one secondary layer 3, 3', advantageously distinct from said primary layer 2, 2 '.
  • said secondary layer 3, 3' Preferably arranged opposite (advantageously vertically) of said primary layer 2, 2 ', said secondary layer 3, 3' preferably extends along a secondary extension plane substantially parallel to the primary extension plane of said layer primary 2, 2 '.
  • This secondary layer 3, 3 ' advantageously corresponds to said second region of the complex 1, 1' mentioned above, to which said liquid from said primary layer 2, 2 'is directed and conveyed.
  • the plumb course is advantageously given by the direction of the axis A-A ', B-B' substantially orthogonal to the respective extension planes of the different layers of said complex 1, 1 '.
  • said secondary layer 3, 3 ' is advantageously arranged facing, above and above said primary layer 2, 2'.
  • said secondary layer 3, 3 ' is absorbent vis-à-vis said liquid, that is to say that the material or materials that compose it are advantageously provided with a capacity of absorption of said non-zero liquid, and even more advantageously, a significant retention capacity of said liquid.
  • Said secondary layer 3, 3 'does not form a perfectly and strictly homogeneous layer at any point.
  • the secondary layer 3, 3 'itself comprises at least first 3A, 3A' and second areas 3B, 3B ⁇ which first 3A, 3A 'and second 3B, 3B' areas are distinct one of the other and each exhibit a respective different behavior in contact with said liquid.
  • these first 3A, 3A 'and second 3B, 3B' zones are thus provided and designed to react differently, from a physical and / or chemical point of view, in the presence of the same said liquid with which they are put in touch. Therefore, said first 3A, 3A 'and second 3B, 3B' zones advantageously constitute different functional areas with respect to the manipulation of said liquid within the complex 1, 1 '.
  • said first zone 3A, 3A ' has a first absorption rate and a first absorption capacity of said liquid, while said second zone 3B, 3B' has a second absorption rate and a second absorption capacity. absorption, said first absorption rate being strictly greater than said second absorption rate. Said first absorption capacity is in turn preferably strictly lower than said second absorption capacity.
  • absorption capacity is preferably used here to mean the maximum volume of liquid that can be absorbed within it, and advantageously to retain, the material forming the zone 3A, 3B, 3A ⁇ 3B 'considered of said secondary layer 3, 3' .
  • absorption rate refers preferentially to the speed at which the material forming the zone 3A, 3B, 3A ', 3B' considered is likely to absorb a given amount of said liquid.
  • Such a differentiation of speed and, preferably, of absorption capacity between said first 3A, 3A 'and second 3B, 3B' zones may, for example, be conferred on the secondary layer 3, 3 'by a localized modification (by example, by compression) of the density of the material forming said secondary layer 3, 3 'or, as will be seen later, by the use, within the same said secondary layer 3, 3 ', of different materials and properties. These materials will be adequately selected with regard to the desired absorption properties.
  • the first absorption capacity of said first zone 3A, 3A ' that is to say once the latter is saturated with liquid (which may, for example, correspond to a volume of liquid substantially close to 1 ml)
  • the liquid which continues to flow towards the secondary layer 3, 3 ' will then advantageously be attracted mainly (in volume) to said second zone 3B, 3 B', this time because of the greater capacity of absorption of the latter.
  • said first 3A, 3A 'and second areas 3B, 3B' may have respective behaviors different from those described above, without departing from the scope of the invention.
  • the second zone 3B, 3B 'of the secondary layer 3, 3' may be impregnated with a hydrophobic substance, such as, for example, ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), so as to reduce said second speed of absorption of the second zone 3B, 3B 'and to accentuate the competitive nature between said first 3A, 3A' and second 3B, 3B 'zones.
  • a hydrophobic substance such as, for example, ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA)
  • the secondary layer 3 of the complex 1 comprises a first zone 3A and a second zone 3B in accordance with the foregoing.
  • said first zone 3A is delimited by a closed external contour and is contiguously surrounded by said second zone 3B.
  • said second zone 3B immediately adjoins said first zone 3A, bordering the latter on all its periphery.
  • the secondary layer 3 'of the complex T advantageously comprises a first zone 3A' and a second zone 3B ' t in accordance with the above, as well as a third zone 3A. ".
  • This third zone 3A " advantageously distinct from said first zone 3A 'and second zone 3B', can also be delimited by a closed external contour, and it is preferably contiguously surrounded by said second zone 3B ⁇
  • Said third zone 3A ' preferably has properties and behavior identical to those of said first zone 3A ', in particular in terms of speed and absorption capacity.
  • the thickness of the secondary layer 3, 3 ' is substantially between 2 and 5 mm.
  • said secondary layer 3, 3 ' is not formed in one piece, that is to say of one and the same surface piece, but consists in contrary in a surface assembly of distinct surface pieces.
  • the secondary layer 3 is thus preferably formed at least:
  • a textile secondary part 3C provided with at least a first 3D through-hole window formed through said secondary part 3C, said secondary part 3C forming (or at least contributing to forming) said second zone 3B of the secondary layer 3, and a first tertiary piece 3E of textile, distinct from said secondary part 3C and of a shape substantially complementary to said first 3D window, said first tertiary part 3E being housed closely (that is to say preferably "edges with edges ") Within said first 3D window and forming (or at least contributing to forming) said first zone 3A of the secondary layer 3.
  • the secondary layer 3 ' may advantageously be formed at least:
  • a textile secondary part 3C ' provided with a first 3D' and a second 3D "through windows formed through said secondary part 3C 'and advantageously separate and spaced from each other,
  • Said first 3D 'and second 3D' windows, on the one hand, and said first 3E 'and second 3E' tertiary parts on the other hand, are preferably identical, but could of course be different, without departing from the scope of the invention.
  • said secondary parts 3C, 3C 'and tertiary 3E, 3E', 3E "textile are arranged in a coplanar manner to form (or at least contribute to forming ) said secondary layer 3, 3 '.
  • Said first 3D window (respectively said first 3D 'and second 3D' windows) and said first tertiary piece 3E (respectively said first 3 'and second 3E' tertiary pieces) corresponding (s) can respectively affect any known complementary forms and, for example , respectively assign a rectangular shape (as illustrated in Figures 2 and 3) or still circular.
  • the secondary layer 3, 3 'and its first 3A, 3A' and second 3B, 3B 'zones (or even third zone 3A ") are thus relatively simple to design and manufacture, the choice of materials forming respectively said first 3A, 3A 'and second 3B, 3B' (or even third 3A ") areas being very very wide, since said secondary layer 3, 3 'is not formed integrally.
  • said textile secondary part 3C, 3C ' is a piece of textile, which is preferably nonwoven and hydrophilic and, even more preferably, needled.
  • the needling of the textile advantageously makes it possible to "ventilate” the latter and, to a certain extent, to increase the absorption capacity of the secondary part 3C, 3C '(and therefore to increase the second capacity of absorption of the second zone 3B, 3B ').
  • said textile secondary part 3C, 3C ' consists of 70% of polyethylene fibers and 30% of polypropylene fibers, and preferably has a basis weight (or basis weight) substantially equal to 220 g / m z .
  • Said first tertiary piece 3E (respectively said first 3E 'and second 3E "tertiary pieces), is in turn preferably a piece of textile, preferably nonwoven and hydrophilic, and preferably consisting of cellulose fibers and a binder of the type vinyl acetate-based polymer latex, and preferably having a weight per unit area substantially equal to 95 g / m 2 .
  • said first 3E 'and second 3E "tertiary could respectively be textile pieces of different compositions.
  • said primary piece 2A, 2A 'textile in one piece, is in turn preferably made of 80% of wood pulp (cellulose) and 20% of polyester fibers (eg PET) , and preferably has a surface density substantially equal to 28 g / m 2 .
  • a textile primary piece 2A, 2A 'can for example, be obtained by wet or papermaking ("wet ugly” method), by incorporating polyester fibers into a cellulosic pulp of wood pulp.
  • the complex 1, T of the invention further comprises an intermediate layer 4, 4 ', which is interposed between said primary layers 2, 2' and secondary 3, 3 '.
  • said intermediate layer 4, 4 ' Arranged facing, perpendicular to said primary layers 2, 2 'and secondary 3, 3' respectively, said intermediate layer 4, 4 'preferably extends in an intermediate extension plane substantially parallel to the primary and secondary expansion planes of said primary layers 2, 2 'and secondary 3, 3'.
  • said intermediate layer 4, 4 ' is advantageously arranged on the one hand opposite, above and below (and advantageously in direct surface contact) of said primary layer 2, 2' and, on the other hand, facing, plumb and below (and preferably in direct surface contact) of said secondary layer 3, 3 '.
  • the intermediate layer 4, 4 'itself comprises at least a first impermeable portion 4A, 4A' to said liquid (that is to say, sealed to the latter) and at least a first permeable portion 4B, 4B 'to said liquid, the latter allowing the passage, through it, said liquid from the primary layer 2, 2 'to the secondary layer 3, 3', while said first impermeable portion 4A, 4A 'prohibits on the contrary the passage of the liquid through she.
  • said first impermeable portion 4A, 4A 'and said first permeable portion 4B, 4B' are respectively continuous.
  • said intermediate layer 4 preferably comprises, in addition to said first impervious portion 4A and said first permeable portion 4B, a second impervious portion 4C, preferably separate from the first impermeable portion 4A.
  • said intermediate layer 4 ' preferably comprises, in addition to said first impervious portion 4A' and said first permeable portion 4B ', a second 4C' and a third 4A "impermeable portions, as well as a second permeable portion 4B ".
  • these second 4C and third 4A "impervious portions are each distinct from the first impervious portion 4A ', and the second permeable portion 4B" is advantageously distinct from the first permeable portion 4B'.
  • Such characteristics of permeability / impermeability with respect to a liquid of a given nature and composition can be obtained by any known technique, for example by locally modulating the porosity or the solubility in said liquid of the material forming said intermediate layer 4, 4 '.
  • said first permeable portion 4B (respectively, said first 4B 'and second 4B "permeable portions) is preferably formed by at least a first through intermediate opening 4D (respectively, by at least a first 4D' and at minus a second 4D "through intermediate openings) formed through said intermediate layer 4, 4 '.
  • Said first intermediate opening 4D (respectively, said first 4D 'and second 4D "intermediate openings) will of course be suitably dimensioned to effectively let said liquid pass through it.
  • Said first impervious portion 4A, 4A 'of the intermediate layer 4, 4' (and preferably also the second impermeable portion 4C, 4C, or even advantageously also the third impermeable portion 4A ") is in turn preferably formed of a film ( or layer), preferably continuous, of hydrophobic polymeric material, for example pressure-sensitive adhesive (PSA) (for example based on silicone) or polyurethane.
  • PSA pressure-sensitive adhesive
  • Said intermediate layer 4, 4 ' is thus of particularly simple design and may advantageously be easily made, as will be detailed below, by partial coating of one side of one or the other of said primary layers 2, 2' and secondary 3, 3 'using said pressure-sensitive adhesive or polyurethane. It will furthermore be noted that the preferential use of such a pressure-sensitive adhesive will advantageously make it possible to secure between them, by means of said intermediate layer 4, 4 'intermediate thus formed, said primary layers 2, 2' and secondary 3, 3 ', once the latter advantageously arranged one facing each other in accordance with the above.
  • the first intermediate opening 4D (respectively, the first intermediate opening 4D', and preferably the second intermediate opening 4D ") advantageously forms a first light 4D (respectively, a first light 4D ', as well as preferably a second curved light 4D ”) closed on itself.
  • the first intermediate opening 4D (respectively the first intermediate opening 4D ', and preferably the second intermediate opening 4D ") is, in this case, in the form of a first light 4D (respectively in the form of a first light 4D ', and preferably a second light 4D ”) or channel of predefined width, which extends in the intermediate extension plane of the intermediate layer 4, 4'. Closed on itself at its ends, this channel opens continuously, over the entire length of its closed profile, on either side of the surface of the intermediate layer 4, 4 '.
  • the closed curvilinear profile of this first intermediate opening 4D, 4D ' is conjugated with the respective profile of the closed external secondary contour of the first zone 3A, 3A' ( even of the third zone 3A ") of the secondary layer 3, 3 '.
  • said external secondary contour of the first zone 3A, 3A ' is for example circular or rectangular
  • said corresponding first intermediate opening 4D, 4D' then forms a first annular or annular first light 4D, 4D with rectangular internal and external contours ( Figures 2 and 3).
  • the first intermediate opening 4D of the intermediate layer 4 is preferably in the form of an annular light 4D with rectangular internal and external contours, of a profile conjugated to the shape rectangular affected by the first zone 3A.
  • said first 4B 'and a second 4B "permeable portions are respectively formed of a first 4D' and a second 4D" intermediate openings.
  • first 4D 'and second 4D “intermediate openings on the one hand, and said first 3A' and third zone 3A" on the other hand, are preferentially identical to each other, and said first 4D 'and second 4D “intermediate openings are of preferably in the form of a first 4D 'and a second 4D "annular lumens with rectangular internal and external contours, respective profiles conjugated to the rectangular shape respectively preferably affected by said first 3A and third zones 3A".
  • said first 4D, 4D 'and second 4D “lumens, that is to say the distance separating the internal contour and the external contour of the latter, is for example between 3 and 5 mm.
  • the intermediate layer 4, 4 ' is chosen to be smaller, or even much lower, than the respective thicknesses of the primary layers 2, 2' and the secondary layers 3, 3 ', so that In this way, the thickness of the intermediate layer 4, 4 'can be substantially between 0.05 and 0.3 mm.
  • said first intermediate opening 4D, 4D' may optionally be filled by a complementary element permeable to said liquid (for example a surface piece of nonwoven hydrophilic textile), so as to facilitate the passage of said liquid through the first permeable portion 4B, 4B '(or also and advantageously through the second permeable portion 4B ") thus obtained by forming a" bridge "between said primary layers 2, 2 'and secondary 3, 3'.
  • a complementary element permeable to said liquid for example a surface piece of nonwoven hydrophilic textile
  • said (or said) intermediate opening 4D, 4D ', 4D may be left empty, without prejudice to the proper passage of said liquid, insofar as said primary layers 2, 2' and secondary 3, 3 'between which is interposed said intermediate layer 4, 4 'may come locally in contact or near contact with each other at said first intermediate opening 4D, 4D' (or even and advantageously of the second opening 4D ") under the effect of their respective weight.
  • said first impervious portion 4A, 4A ' extends opposite (that is to say facing), and preferably in line with, said first zone 3A, 3A' of the secondary layer 3, 3 ', the projection Pr1 (orthogonal) of the first impervious portion 4A, 4A' in a plane P (fictitious) of projection parallel to said secondary layers 3, 3 'and intermediate 4, 4' covering at least the half of the area of the respective projection Pr2 (orthogonal) of the first zone 3A, 3A 'in this same projection plane, to limit the reflux of said liquid from the first zone 3A, 3A' of the secondary layer 3,3 'to the primary layer 2, 2 '.
  • the area of the overlap zone Zr of the respective projections Pr1, Pr2 of the first impervious portion 4A, 4A 'and first zone 3A, 3A' in the plane P is at least equal to half the area of the projection Pr2 of the first zone 3A, 3A '.
  • said secondary layers 3, 3 'and intermediate 4, 4' are configured and arranged relative to each other within the complex 1, 1 'so that said first zone 3A, 3A' makes at least in the majority against the said first impervious portion 4A, 4A ⁇
  • said first zone 3A, 3A 'and said first impervious portion 4A, 4A' being at least predominantly matched in a direction parallel to the axis A-A ', BB' orthogonal to the layers
  • the reflux and in particular the "direct” reflux (that is to say along a path substantially linear and orthogonal to the primary layers 2, 2 ', secondary 3, 3' and intermediate 4, 4 ' ), said liquid from said first zone 3A, 3A 'of the secondary layer 3, 3' to said primary layer 2, 2 ', via the intermediate layer 4, 4', is thus particularly controlled and limited.
  • the projection Pr1 (orthogonal) of the first impervious portion 4A, 4A 'in said projection plane P covers at least 55%, more preferably at least 60%, and still more preferably at least 80% of the surface of the projection Pr2 (orthogonal) of the first zone 3A, 3A 'in this same plane P, in order to optimize the desired anti-reflux effect.
  • the projection Pr1 (orthogonal) of the first impervious portion 4A, 4A 'in said projection plane P covers at least 55%, more preferably at least 60%, and still more preferably at least 80% of the surface of the projection Pr2 (orthogonal) of the first zone 3A, 3A 'in this same plane P, in order to optimize the desired anti-reflux effect.
  • said third impervious portion 4A extends preferably facing, and preferably above, said third zone 3A ", the (orthogonal) projection of the third impermeable portion 4A" in a (fictitious) projection plane parallel to said secondary 3 'and intermediate 4' layers covering at least half of the respective surface of the (orthogonal) projections of the first zone 3A 'and the third zone 3A "in the same projection plane.
  • the projection (orthogonal) of the third impervious portion 4A "in said projection plane covers at least 55%, more preferably at least 60%, and still more preferably 80% of the projection surface (orthogonal of the third zone 3A "in this same plane
  • the projection of the third impervious portion 4A" in said projection plane parallel to said secondary 3 'and intermediate 4' layers is itself confused with the respective projection of the third zone 3A "in this same plane (100% covering).
  • Said intermediate layer 4, 4 ' preferably comprises (as mentioned above), a second impermeable portion 4C, 4C' to said liquid.
  • this second impervious portion 4C, 4C ' extends opposite, that is to say facing, said second zone 3B, 3B' of the secondary layer 3, 3 ', the projection (orthogonal) of the second impervious portion 4C, 4C in a plane (fictitious) of projection parallel to said secondary layers 3, 3 'and intermediate 4, 4' covering at least half of the projection surface (orthogonal) of the second zone 3B, 3B ' in this same projection plane.
  • the reflux (and in particular the "direct” reflux) of said liquid from said second zone 3B, 3B ' is advantageously limited to said primary layer 2, 2'.
  • said secondary layers 3, 3 'and intermediate 4, 4' are advantageously configured and arranged relative to one another within said complex 1, 1 'so that the second zone 3B , 3B 'is at least predominantly facing the second impervious portion 4C, 4C ⁇
  • the second zone 3B, 3B' and the second impermeable portion 4C, 4C ' being at least predominantly matched in a direction parallel to the axis A-A ', B-B' orthogonal to the layers
  • the projection (orthogonal) of the second impervious portion 4C, 4C 'in said projection plane covers at least 55%, more preferably at least 60%, or even at least 80% of the surface of the projection ( orthogonal) of the second zone 3B, 3B 'in this same plane, in order to provide a sufficient anti-reflux effect.
  • the projection (orthogonal) of the second impervious portion 4C, 4C 'in said projection plane covers at least 55%, more preferably at least 60%, or even at least 80% of the surface of the projection ( orthogonal) of the second zone 3B, 3B 'in this same plane, in order to provide a sufficient anti-reflux effect.
  • the projection (orthogonal) of said first permeable portion 4B, 4B 'in a plane (Fictitious) projection parallel to said secondary layers 3, 3 'and intermediate 4, 4' overlaps, that is to say covers simultaneously and at least partially, the projections (orthogonal) respectively of the first 3A, 3A 'and second 3B , 3B 'zones in this same plane of projection.
  • said secondary layers 3, 3 'and intermediate 4, 4' are designed and arranged relative to one another within said complex 1, 1 'so that said first permeable portion 4B, 4B' is set correspondence both with a portion of the surface of the first zone 3A, 3A 'and with a portion of the surface of the second zone 3B, 3B'.
  • said first permeable portion 4B, 4B 'thus preferably extends both under and in direct contact with a portion of the surface of the first zone 3A, 3A' and with a portion of the surface of the second zone 3B, 3B '.
  • said intermediate layer 4 ' preferably comprises (as mentioned above) preferably a first 4B' and a second 4B "permeable portions distinct from one another
  • the projection (orthogonal) respective of these first 4B 'and second 4B "permeable portions in a plane (fictitious) projection parallel to the layers advantageously overlaps, that is to say respectively covers at least partially, projections (orthogonal) of the first 3A 'and second 3B' areas, and projections (orthogonal) of the third 3A "and second 3B 'areas in this same plane of projection.
  • said first permeable portion 4B 'advantageously extends both facing and preferably in direct contact with a portion of the surface of the first zone 3A' and with a portion of the surface of the second zone 3B .
  • said second permeable portion 4B 'advantageously extends both facing, and preferably in direct contact with, a portion of the surface of the third zone 3A "and with a portion of the surface of the second zone 3B' .
  • said first zone 3A being advantageously delimited by a closed external contour and is contiguously surrounded by said second zone 3B, and said first intermediate opening 4D advantageously forming a first curved 4D light closed on itself, such as envisaged above, the projection (orthogonal) of said contour of the first zone 3A in a (fictitious) plane parallel to said secondary 2 and intermediate 4 layers is continuously superimposes on the respective (orthogonal) projection of said corresponding first curved 4D light in the same parallel plane (FIG. 2).
  • said secondary and intermediate layers 4 and 3 are preferably designed and arranged relative to one another within said complex 1 so that the orthogonal projection, in a plane parallel to said layers, of any point of the contour of the first zone 3A is contained in the orthogonal projection of the corresponding curvilinear 4D light in this same plane.
  • said intermediate layer 4 advantageously allows, by the kiss of said permeable portion 4B, the simultaneous passage of said liquid from the primary layer 2 to both desdtes first 3A and second 3B areas of the secondary layer 3 , while the reflux of the liquid from these first 3A and second 3B zones to the primary layer 2 is substantially limited by the presence of said impermeable portion 4A.
  • said first 3A 'and third 3A "zones being advantageously each delimited by a closed external contour and contiguously surrounded by said second zone. 3B ', and said first 4D' and second 4D "intermediate openings respectively forming a first 4D 'and a second 4D" curvilinear lights closed on themselves, the respective (orthogonal) projection of the contour of the first 3A' and third 3A "areas in a plane (fictitious) parallel to said secondary layers 2, 2 'and intermediate 4, 4' is superimposed continuously on the respective (orthogonal) projection of the first 4D 'and second 4D "corresponding curvilinear lights in this same parallel plane.
  • the intermediate layer 4 'advantageously allows, by the kiss respectively of the first 4B and second 4B "permeable portions, the simultaneous passage of said liquid from the primary layer 2, 2 'to each of the first 3A', second 3B 'and third 3B" zones of the secondary layer 3', while the reflux of said liquid from these last to the primary layer 2 'is substantially limited by the presence of said impermeable portion 4A'.
  • Figures 5 and 6 illustrate another variant, particularly advantageous.
  • said projection Pr1 (orthogonal) of the first impervious portion 4A in said plane P (fictitious) parallel to said secondary layers 3 and intermediate 4 is confused with the projection Pr2 of the first zone 3A in this same plane, as was envisaged above.
  • said first zone 3A is preferably delimited by a closed external contour and is contiguously surrounded by said second zone 3B, said first intermediate opening 4D forming a first curved 4D light closed on itself.
  • the projection of said first curvilinear 4D light in a (fictitious) plane parallel to said secondary 3 and intermediate 4 layers contiguously surrounds the respective projection of said contour of the first zone.
  • said secondary and intermediate layers 4 are preferably designed and arranged relative to each other within said complex 1 so that the orthogonal projection, in a plane parallel to said layers 3, 4, of any point of the outer contour of the first zone 3A coincides with the orthogonal projection of the inner contour of the corresponding curvilinear 4D light in this same plane.
  • this particular configuration may advantageously be transposed to the embodiment of FIG. 3.
  • said first 3A 'and third 3A "zones being advantageously each delimited by a closed external contour and contiguously surrounded by said second zone 3B'
  • the respective (orthogonal) projection of said first 4D 'and second 4D "curvilinear lights in a plane parallel to said secondary 3 'and intermediate 4' layers will then contiguously surround the respective projection of the respective outer contours of the first 3A 'and third 3A' 'areas in this same plane.
  • first permeable portion 4B (alternatively the first permeable portion 4B ', and preferably the second permeable portion 4B ”) will advantageously be arranged facing only said second zone 3B (respectively of said second zone 3B').
  • a configuration according to such a variant makes it possible to obtain a very good compromise between, on the one hand, a certain limitation of the progression of the liquid from the primary layer 2, 2 'towards the first zone 3A, 3A' (or also towards the third zone 3A ") of the secondary layer 3, 3 ', because of the lack of direct access to said first zone 3A, 3A' and, secondly, optimal control of the problem of the reflux of said liquid since the first zone 3A, 3A '(or even the third zone 3A ") to the primary layer 2, 2'.
  • said permeable portion 4B of the intermediate layer 4 is positioned substantially facing, and preferably in line with, the preferred area of collection 2B.
  • the first 4B 'and second 4B "permeable portions of the intermediate layer 4' are preferably respectively positioned substantially facing, and preferably in line with, the first 2B 'and
  • the primary layer 2, 2 'and the intermediate layer 4, 4' are, for their part, advantageously configured and arranged relative to each other in such a way that that the first permeable portion 4B (alternatively the first 4B 'and second 4B "permeable portions) and the preferential collection zone 2B (respectively the first 2B' and second 2B" preferential collection zones) are matched (respectively two by two) ) in a direction parallel to the axis A-A ', B-B' orthogonal to the layers
  • the primary layer 2, 2 which is located at the
  • the complex 1, 1 ' further comprises a barrier layer s, 5' which covers, preferably integrally, said secondary layer 3, 3 '.
  • this barrier layer 5, 5 ' is advantageously positioned opposite, and preferably perpendicular to, the secondary layer 3, 3', so that it constitutes one of the most In fact, the secondary layer 3, 3 'is therefore advantageously interposed between said barrier layer 5, 5' and the intermediate layer 4, 4 '.
  • This barrier layer 5, 5 ' is substantially impervious to said liquid, so that when the latter has reached the secondary layer 3, 3', from the primary layer 2, 2 'and via the intermediate layer 4, 4', it can not advantageously leak, flow out of the complex 1, T to the outside of said complex 1, T in a secant direction with the plane mean extension of said barrier layer 5, 5 '.
  • said barrier layer 5, 5 ' is also impermeable to liquid water (insofar as said liquid is not itself an aqueous liquid), in order to prevent any passage of water from the external environment to the water. complex 1, 1 'inwardly of the latter through said barrier layer 5, 5'.
  • said barrier layer 5, 5 ' is however permeable to air, and in particular oxygen and water vapor contained in the ambient air, so that it is advantageously "breathable". More preferably, said barrier layer 5, 5 'is transparent to visible light, that is to say that the material which forms the barrier layer 5, 5' is substantially translucent, which advantageously makes it possible to observe, at through said barrier layer 5, 5 ', the appearance of the underlying secondary layer 3, 3' and, in particular, of the first zone 3A, 3A '(or even advantageously of the third zone 3A ") of this last, through said barrier layer 5, 5 '.
  • said barrier layer 5, 5 ' is formed of a barrier film 5A, 5A' of flexible material, for example of microporous polyurethane. Depending on the material used, the average thickness of the barrier layer 5, 5 'may for example be substantially between 20 and 50 pm.
  • the barrier layer 5, 5 ' can be assembled, arranged, overlapped on the secondary layer 3, 3' in direct contact with the latter or optionally with the aid of an adhesion sub-layer 6, 6 ', continuous or not, and interposed between said secondary layer 3, 3 'and said barrier layer 5, 5'.
  • This adhesion sub-layer 6, 6 ' will preferably be formed of a thin film 6A, 6A' of an adhesive material (for example a pressure-sensitive adhesive (PSA), for example based on rubber or silicone ).
  • PSA pressure-sensitive adhesive
  • such an underlayer 6, 6 ' will itself be chosen to be permeable to air (for example in the form of a discontinuous or microperforated thin film) and transparent, and possibly impervious to said liquid.
  • the secondary layer 3, 3 ' is not formed integrally, but instead consists of a surface assembly of secondary parts 3C, 3C and tertiary 3E, 3E', 3E "distinct surface
  • said barrier layer 5, 5 '(and, preferably, said adhesion sub-layer 6, 6') advantageously allow to maintain the relative arrangement of said secondary parts 3C, 3C 'and tertiary 3E, 3E ', 3E "
  • the complex 1, the multilayer further comprises a transfer layer 7, T permeable to said liquid.
  • this transfer layer 7 , T allows the passage of said liquid from the medium outside said complex to said primary layer 2, 2 '.
  • Said transfer layer 7, T preferably constitutes a surface layer of said complex 1, V, opposite said barrier layer 5, 5 '.
  • said transfer layer 7, 7 ' is formed of a wire mesh 7A, 7A', preferably made of a polymer material, for example made of silicone (for example of the liquid silicone type (LSR)), and whose average size mesh gives said transfer layer 7, 7 'its character of permeability to said liquid.
  • the thickness of the transfer layer 7, 7 ' is substantially between 0.01 and 0.5 mm.
  • said barrier layer 5, 5 'and, preferably also said adhesion sub-layer 6, 6' may advantageously form layers of area (area) greater than the respective areas of said primary layers 2, 2 ', secondary 3, 3 ', intermediate 4, 4' and transfer layer 7, 7 '.
  • said layers 3, 4, 5, 7, 3 ', 4', 5 ', 7' and sub-layer 6, 6 ' being assembled by stacking to form said complex 1, 1' multilayer, the respective edges said barrier layer 5, 5 'and adhesion sub-layer 6, 6' extend beyond the respective edges of the primary layers 2, 2 ', secondary 3, 3', intermediate 4, 4 'and transfer layer 7, 7 '.
  • said first zone 3A, 3A '(or alternatively, or preferably also, said third zone 3A ") of the secondary layer 3, 3' may comprise a detection device 3F, 3F ', 3F", measurement or characterization of a characteristic (pH, temperature, etc.) or of a constituent element (ionic species, bacterium, virus, etc.) of said liquid.
  • a detection device 3F, 3F ', 3F may, for example, be in the form of an electronic device of sensor type or a "pellet" of a suitable reactive chemical (colored reagent, etc.).
  • said detection device 3F, 3F ', 3F ", measurement or characterization will be arranged on the surface (and preferably at least partly in the thickness) of said first zone 3A, 3A' (alternatively or preferably also of the third zone 3A ") (FIG.
  • said first zone 3A, 3A ' preferably having a" lower "surface, designed to face said intermediate layer 4, 4' and a opposite "top” surface intended to come opposite said barrier layer 5, 5 '(or said adhesion sub-layer 6, 6'), said detection device 3F, 3F ', 3F ", measuring or The characterization system will advantageously be arranged in the vicinity of said "upper” surface (and preferably at least in part in the thickness of said first 3A, 3A 'and / or third 3A "zones.) Even more preferably, said first zone 3A, 3A '(or even t and advantageously said third zone 3A ") being delimited by a closed external contour, said detection device 3F, 3F ', 3F", measurement or characterization will advantageously be positioned at a distance from said outer contour, preferably substantially in the center of said first zone 3A, 3A '(and also and advantageously said third zone 3A ").
  • the detection device 3F, 3F', 3F ", measurement or characterization is then advantageously surrounded by said liquid impregnating the first zone 3A, 3A ', so that it comes into contact with said liquid in a substantially homogeneous manner along its entire periphery.
  • said first 3A 'and third 3A "zones preferably respectively comprise a detection device 3F', 3F", of different measurement or characterization.
  • each of these devices 3F ', 3F can advantageously detect, measure or characterize at least one characteristic or a constituent element different from said liquid.
  • said first zone 3A, 3A '(or even advantageously also said third zone 3A ") advantageously at least mainly faces said first impervious portion 4A, 4A', so that said intermediate layer 4, 4 'makes at least half of the surface of the first zone 3A, 3A '(or even and advantageously said third zone 3A ") inaccessible to said liquid in a direction orthogonal to the secondary layers 3, 3' and intermediate 4, 4 '
  • said detection device 3F, 3F ', 3F will itself be mainly (or even totally) inaccessible to said liquid in a direction orthogonal to the secondary layers 3, 3' and intermediate 4, 4 '
  • said detection device 3F, 3F ', 3F includes a chemical substance potentially soluble in said liquid, at least part of the elution and dispersion of said substance in the direction of said primary layer 2, 2 is thus avoided. 'or even towards said "emitter” support of said liquid in contact with which the complex 1, 1' is placed.
  • said complex 1, 1' may also comprise an additional interlayer (not illustrated) which will be interposed between the intermediate layers 4, 4 'and secondary 3, 3', and more precisely at least between said first zone 3A, 3A 'and said first impervious portion 4A, 4A' (alternatively or preferably also at least between said third zone 3A "and said third impermeable portion 4A").
  • this additional intermediate layer will be formed of a thin plastic film whose face facing the secondary layer 3, 3 'will preferably be glued with an adhesive material not likely to react with said powdery reactive substance. It will further limit the risk of "direct" reflux of the liquid, while opposing the migration of said reactive substance to the intermediate layer 4, 4 '.
  • said first zone 3A, 3A '(or alternatively or preferably also said third zone 3A ") of the secondary layer 3, 3' comprises a detection device 3F, 3F ', 3F"
  • the layer 6, 6 ' may optionally be designed and configured to extend facing only the only second zone 3B, 3B'. This avoids any risk of disruption of the operation of said detection device 3F, 3F ', 3F "by the material of the underlayer 6, 6'. That being said, the preferential operation of the complex 1, 1 'multilayer of the invention will now be described briefly, with reference to the preferred embodiments illustrated in FIGS. 2 and 3, so as to highlight the path (illustrated in the form of arrows) borrowed by said liquid through the different layers of said complex 1, 1 'during its handling by the latter.
  • a given liquid is brought into contact with the transfer layer 7, 7 '.
  • the latter being permeable to said liquid, it progresses in a mean direction substantially orthogonal to said transfer layer, 7 '(that is to say preferably along the axis A-A', B-B 'of the Figures 2 and 3) to reach the primary layer 2, 2 ', which is positioned above and in line with said transfer layer 7, 7', in direct contact with the latter.
  • said liquid is then advantageously directed in a direction substantially parallel to the primary extension plane of the primary layer 2, 2 ', thanks to the barrier elements 2C, 2C, towards the preferred collection zone or zones 2B, 2B ', 2B "of the primary layer 2, 2'.
  • said liquid passes through the intermediate layer 4, 4 ', which is arranged above and in line with said primary layer 1, V and in direct contact with the latter, via the permeable portion (s) (s). ) 4B, 4B ', 4B "of the intermediate layer 4, 4', in a mean direction substantially orthogonal to said intermediate layer 4, 4 ', until reaching the secondary layer 3, 3', preferably at the level of the junction of said first 3A, 3A 'and second 3B, 3B' areas (or even and advantageously at the junction of said third 3A "and second 3B 'areas) thereof, Finally, once said secondary layer 3, 3' reached said liquid moves primarily and predominantly in volume in a direction substantially parallel to the secondary extension plane of the secondary layer 3, 3 'to said first zone 3A (or advantageously also to said third zone 3A ").
  • the liquid then moves, in particular, from the contour of the first zone 3A, 3A 'to said detection device 3F, 3F', measurement or characterization (or advantageously also from the contour of the third zone 3A "until '3F detection device audit, measurement or characterization).
  • first zone 3A, 3A ' absorbs said liquid, the liquid which continues to flow in from the primary layer 2, 2 'reaches the secondary layer 3, 3' and then moves in bulk in a direction substantially parallel to the secondary extension plane of the secondary layer 3, 3 'towards said second zone 3B
  • This major displacement of the liquid from the primary layer 2 to the first zone 3A, 3A '(or even advantageously also to the third zone 3A ") and then to the second zone 3B, 3B' of the secondary layer 3, 3 ' is advantageously facilitated by the difference in capacity and respective absorption speed of said primary layer 2, 2 ', first zone 3A, 3A' and second zone 3B, 3B '.
  • the reflux, and in particular the "direct" reflux, that is to say in a mean direction substantially orthogonal to the primary layers 2, 2 'and secondary 3, 3' of said liquid from said first zone 3A, 3A (or advantageously also from the third zone 3A ") of the secondary layer 3 is greatly limited because of the particular construction of said complex 1, 1 'above exposed.
  • first 3A, 3A '(or advantageously also said third zone 3A' ') and second 3B, 3B' zones are advantageously chosen contiguous, and said second zone 3B, 3B 'surrounding said first zone 3A, 3A (or advantageously also said third zone 3A ")
  • the presence of a larger quantity of liquid in said second zone 3B, 3B 'than in said first zone 3A, 3A' (or advantageously also in said third zone 3A" also tends to prevent (or in any case to greatly limit) any displacement of said liquid from the first zone 3A, 3A '(or advantageously also from said third zone 3A ") to the second zone 3B, 3B ⁇
  • the invention also relates, as such, to a method of manufacturing a complex 1, 1 'multilayer for handling a liquid (preferably aqueous), which complex 1, 1' multilayer is advantageously in accordance with the description which has been made above. Therefore, the foregoing description in relation to the multilayer complex 1, 1 'applies mutatis mutandis to the present method of manufacture.
  • an assembly is thus made comprising at least one primary layer 2, 2 'intended to come, preferably preferably, in contact with said liquid.
  • Said assembly also comprises at least: a secondary layer 3, 3 ', made in one piece or not, and which itself comprises first 3A, 3A' and second 3B, 3B 'zones, said first 3A, 3A' (or even and advantageously, third 3A ") and second 3B, 3B 'zones being distinct and each having a respective different behavior in contact with said liquid;
  • a secondary layer 3, 3 ' made in one piece or not, and which itself comprises first 3A, 3A' and second 3B, 3B 'zones, said first 3A, 3A' (or even and advantageously, third 3A ") and second 3B, 3B 'zones being distinct and each having a respective different behavior in contact with said liquid;
  • an intermediate layer 4, 4 ' which is interposed between said primary layers 2, 2' and secondary 3, 3 ', and which itself comprises at least a first impermeable portion 4A, 4A' to said liquid and at least a first permeable portion 4B, 4B 'allowing passage of said liquid from the primary layer 2, 2' to the secondary layer 3, 3 ', said first impermeable portion 4A, 4A' extending opposite said first zone 3A, 3A ', the projection of the first impervious portion 4A, 4A' in a plane parallel to said secondary layers 3, 3 'and intermediate 4, 4' covering at least half of the area of the projection of the first zone 3A, 3A 'in this same plane, for limiting the reflux of said liquid from said first zone 3A, 3A 'to said primary layer 2, 2', and
  • barrier layer 7, 7 ' covering said secondary layer 3, 3' and being substantially impervious to said liquid.
  • said primary layers 2, 2', secondary 3, 3 ', intermediate 4, 4' and barrier 7, 7 ' are preferentially distinct from each other.
  • said primary layer 2, 2 ' is preferably made from a primary piece 2A, 2A' textile, which textile is preferably non-woven and hydrophilic, said primary piece 2A, 2A 'textile being advantageously draining.
  • the method of the invention comprises an operation for producing guiding means 2C, 2C 'of said liquid to at least one preferential collection zone 2B, 2B', 2B "of said liquid (identified in dashed lines in FIGS. 2 and 3), predefined, of said primary layer 2, 2 ', as it has been described above.
  • said (or said) preferred area (s) of collection 2B, 2B ', 2B " is chosen substantially localized away from the primary edges defining the contour of said primary layer 2, 2 ', so as to avoid any risk of leakage of said liquid from the primary layer 2, 2' by the primary edges thereof.
  • said guide means 2C, 2C 'consist of barrier elements 2C, 2C of hydrophobic polymer material which are advantageously in the form of longitudinal "bars".
  • Said embodiment operation can then in this case be advantageously carried out by hot coating (localized) of said textile primary part 2A, 2A 'with a hot-melt hydrophobic polymer material ("hotmelt" process), for example of the adhesive-sensitive type. pressure (PSA).
  • hotmelt hot-melt hydrophobic polymer material
  • PSA adhesive-sensitive type. pressure
  • Such a coating may be implemented, for example, using at least one nozzle (or similar means) which selectively depositing said hydrophobic polymeric material, in the molten state, on the surface of said primary part 2A. , 2A 'textile.
  • the process of the invention comprises an operation for manufacturing said intermediate layer 4, 4 ', by coating the primary layer 2, 2' and / or the secondary layer 3, 3 'with a hydrophobic polymeric material.
  • This hydrophobic polymeric material may, for example, be a pressure-sensitive adhesive or polyurethane.
  • this manufacturing operation of the intermediate layer 4, 4 ' will be carried out by partial coating of one side of one or the other of said primary layer 2, 2' and secondary 3, 3 ', so as to materialize at least one coated portion, forming said first impervious portion 4A, 4A ', and at least one uncoated portion, forming in turn said first permeable portion 4B, 4B' of the intermediate layer 4, 4 '.
  • said manufacturing operation of the intermediate layer 4, 4 ' can be carried out by hot coating ("hotmelt" process), optionally followed by crosslinking (by IR, UV or other radiation) , or by transfer.
  • the method according to the invention also comprises an operation of setting up a detection device 3F, 3F '(advantageously as described above), measuring or characterizing a characteristic or of a constituent element of said liquid, at said first zone 3A, 3A 'of the secondary layer 3, 3'.
  • Said detection device 3F, 3F ' may, for example, be put in place and fixed to said first zone 3A, 3A' by gluing or impregnation (liquid, dry, etc.).
  • the method of the invention may then further comprise a compression operation of said detection device 3F, 3F 'and said first zone 3A, 3A' of the secondary layer 3, 3 '.
  • said compression operation is carried out under heat, under controlled pressure and temperature conditions, in particular to limit the risks of degradation of the properties of the detection device 3F, 3F '(for example, at a temperature of less than or equal to 80.degree. C).
  • said compression operation is a localized compression operation of said detection device 3F, 3F 'and said first zone 3A, 3A' of the secondary layer 3, 3 ', that is to say that only a part of these latter is subjected to a compressive force, for example along a rectilinear compression line 8 passing through said first zone 3A, 3A ', as delimited by dashes in FIG. 7.
  • said compression operation will be carried out before assembling the secondary layer 3, 3 'relative to the first primary layer 2, 2'.
  • said compression operation is advantageously carried out using a heated plate whose surface is provided with a relief zone, and which is pressed against the first zone. 3A, 3A 'of the secondary layer 3, 3', at the location of which the detection device 3F, 3F 'is positioned, so as to locally cause a collapse of material.
  • Such a compression operation is particularly advantageous in the case, for example, where the detection device 3F, 3F 'comprises a relatively hydrophobic powdery reactive substance (or in any case less hydrophilic than the material of the first zone 3A, 3A '). It advantageously makes it possible to promote, by capillarity, bringing the liquid arriving at the level of the first zone 3A, 3A 'into contact with the detection device 3F, 3F'.
  • the invention further relates, as te, a sanitary device, medical, surgical or hygienic (not shown in figures) intended to come into contact, direct or not, with the skin (or with the mucosa) of a user preferentially human or animal.
  • said sanitary, medical, surgical or hygienic device comprises a complex 1, the multilayer for the handling of a liquid, which complex 1, the being advantageously in accordance with the description which has been made above .
  • said liquid is preferably a biological aqueous liquid (or biological fluid or body fluid) of said user (blood, urine, exudates, sweat, etc.).
  • said complex 1, 1 ' is arranged within (for example, at the surface) of said device so that the primary layer 2, 2' of said complex 1, extends substantially parallel, facing and in the immediate vicinity, if not in direct contact, the skin of the user during normal use of said device.
  • said complex 1, 1 comprises, as envisaged above, a transfer layer 7, 7 ', and is then arranged within (for example, on the surface) of said device so that said transfer layer 7, 7 advantageously come into direct contact with the skin of the user, or even with a wound present at this skin.
  • said sanitary, medical, surgical or hygienic device is chosen from the group comprising: a dressing, that is to say a protective device intended to cover a wound or lesion located at the skin of the user's skin , a transdermal system ("patch” or “patch”), a hygienic protective device (for example, a towel or panty liner for periodic protection) and a diaper (eg for children not trained to cleanliness or suffering from enuresis).
  • a dressing that is to say a protective device intended to cover a wound or lesion located at the skin of the user's skin
  • a transdermal system ("patch” or "patch”
  • a hygienic protective device for example, a towel or panty liner for periodic protection
  • a diaper eg for children not trained to cleanliness or suffering from enuresis
  • the transfer layer 7, 7 'of said complex 1, V may preferably be formed of a mesh web 7A, 7A' of silicone-based polymer material having a low degree of tack (or "tack"), so as to said transfer layer 7, 7 'does not substantially adhere to the wound (and to the immediately surrounding skin and / or mucous membranes) against which said dressing will be positioned.
  • the polymeric material in question will advantageously be chosen compatible from a health point of view, and in particular dermatological.
  • said complex 1 may include a barrier layer 5, 5 'impervious to exudates and possibly also an adhesion undercoat 6, 6 ', which will advantageously form layers of area greater than the respective areas of said primary layers 2, 2', secondary 3, 3 ', intermediate 4, 4' and transfer layer 7, T.
  • a detection device 3F, 3F', 3F ", measurement or characterization as described above confer more advantageously auditing the sanitary, medical, surgical or hygienic device an "intelligent" character.
  • said device is a dressing
  • the latter will fulfill on the one hand its main function of protection of a wound against which it has been placed (said liquid being formed of exudates that one seeks to evacuate wound and store in the secondary layer of complex 1, 1 ').
  • a detection function for example thanks to at least one biomarker-type detection device 3F, 3F ', 3F ", the presence (in said exudate) at the level of said wound. a microbial or viral proliferation of the given strain (s).
  • said hygienic device of the invention is a sanitary napkin or a diaper, the presence of germs or a viral infection may be sought in the urine of the user.
  • such a sanitary device, medical, surgical or hygienic advantageously, once positioned in contact with the skin (and in particular in contact with a wound present at this skin) of a user , a particularly simple and reliable detection, measurement or characterization of a characteristic or constituent element of a biological fluid of said user (and in particular exudates from said wound).
  • the invention finds particular industrial application in the field of design and manufacture of multilayer complexes for handling liquids.
  • the invention also finds its industrial application in the field of the design and manufacture of sanitary, medical, surgical or hygienic devices, for example of the dressing type, transdermal system, hygienic protection device or diaper) comprising such complexes. multilayers.

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Abstract

The invention relates to a multi-layer complex (1) for the manipulation of a liquid, comprising a primary layer (2), a secondary layer (3) comprising first (3A) and second (3B) zones that have a different behaviour upon contact with said liquid, an intermediate layer (4) comprising a first impermeable portion (4A) and a first permeable portion (4B), the first impermeable portion (4A) extending opposite the first zone (3A), the projection of the first impermeable portion (4A) in a plane parallel to the layers (2, 3) covering at least half of the surface of the projection of the first zone (3A) in this plane, and a barrier layer (5) covering the secondary layer (3) and being impermeable to said liquid. Multi-layer complexes, methods for production of multi-layer complexes, and sanitary, medical, surgical or hygiene devices.

Description

COMPLEXE MULTICOUCHE POUR LA MANIPULATION D’UN LIQUIDE, DISPOSITIF SANITAIRE, MEDICAL, CHIRURGICAL OU HYGIENIQUE  MULTILAYER COMPLEX FOR THE HANDLING OF A LIQUID, SANITARY, MEDICAL, SURGICAL OR HYGIENIC DEVICE
COMPRENANT UN TEL COMPLEXE, ET PROCEDE DE FABRICATION ASSOCIE  COMPRISING SUCH A COMPLEX, AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THE SAME
DOMAINE TECHNIQUE TECHNICAL AREA
La présente invention se rapporte au domaine général des complexes multicouches pour la manipulation de liquides, ainsi qu’au domaine des dispositifs sanitaires, médicaux, chirurgicaux ou hygiéniques comprenant de tels complexes multicouches. L'invention concerne également le domaine technique des procédés de fabrication de tels complexes multicouches. L’invention concerne plus précisément un complexe multicouche pour la manipulation d’un liquide, comprenant une couche primaire destinée à venir en contact avec ledit liquide. L'invention concerne également un dispositif sanitaire, médical, chirurgical ou hygiénique destiné à venir en contact avec la peau d'un utilisateur, comprenant un complexe multicouche pour la manipulation d’un liquide. L’invention concerne en outre un procédé de fabrication d’un complexe multicouche pour la manipulation d’un liquide, dans lequel on réalise un assemblage comprenant une couche primaire destinée à venir en contact avec ledit liquide. The present invention relates to the general field of multilayer complexes for the handling of liquids, as well as to the field of sanitary, medical, surgical or hygienic devices comprising such multilayer complexes. The invention also relates to the technical field of the processes for manufacturing such multilayer complexes. The invention more specifically relates to a multilayer complex for handling a liquid, comprising a primary layer intended to come into contact with said liquid. The invention also relates to a sanitary, medical, surgical or hygienic device intended to come into contact with the skin of a user, comprising a multilayer complex for handling a liquid. The invention furthermore relates to a method for manufacturing a multilayer complex for handling a liquid, in which an assembly is made comprising a primary layer intended to come into contact with said liquid.
TECHNIQUE ANTERIEURE PRIOR ART
On connaît déjà des complexes multicouches, c'est-à-dire des systèmes composés d’un assemblage d’une pluralité de couches distinctes empilées les unes sur les autres. On connaît par ailleurs des complexes multicouches qui sont spécifiquement conçus pour la manipulation d’un liquide en contact duquel ils sont placés. Comprenant généralement une couche primaire, qui constitue par exemple l’une des faces supérieure ou inférieure du complexe, et qui est destinée à venir en contact avec ledit liquide, de tels complexes peuvent ainsi être conçus pour guider et déplacer ledit liquide depuis cette couche primaire vers une autre couche du complexe, généralement pourvue de propriétés différentes, comme par exemple une couche pourvue d’un fort pouvoir absorbant, au niveau de laquelle pourra alors être stocké ledit liquide. On connaît également des dispositifs sanitaires, médicaux, chirurgicaux ou hygiéniques comprenant de tels complexes multicouches, tels que des pansements ou des serviettes hygiéniques La couche primaire de ces complexes est alors généralement positionnée en regard de, et au contact direct ou non avec, la peau ou la muqueuse d'un utilisateur de sorte à y recueillir un liquide (sang, exsudais, urine, etc ), avant que ce dernier soit dirigé, par exemple par capillarité, vers une ou plusieurs zones « cibles » prédéfinies d’une couche supérieure absorbante dudit complexe pour y être stocké. Multilayer complexes are already known, that is systems composed of an assembly of a plurality of distinct layers stacked one on top of the other. Multilayer complexes are also known which are specifically designed for handling a liquid in contact with which they are placed. Generally comprising a primary layer, which constitutes for example one of the upper or lower faces of the complex, and which is intended to come into contact with said liquid, such complexes can thus be designed to guide and move said liquid from this primary layer. to another layer of the complex, generally provided with different properties, such as for example a layer provided with a high absorbency, at which said liquid can then be stored. Sanitary, medical, surgical or hygienic devices including such multilayer complexes, such as dressings or surgical devices, are also known. sanitary napkins The primary layer of these complexes is then generally positioned facing, and in direct contact or not with, the skin or mucosa of a user so as to collect a liquid (blood, exudates, urine, etc.), before the latter is directed, for example by capillarity, to one or more predefined "target" zones of an absorbent upper layer of said complex to be stored therein.
Si de tels complexes multicouches, et dispositifs sanitaires, médicaux, chirurgicaux ou hygiéniques associés, donnent globalement satisfaction, ils n'en présentent pas moins certains inconvénients. En particulier, il peut se produire un phénomène, spontané ou non, de reflux indésirable du liquide en question depuis la zone « cible » de la couche supérieure, vers laquelle il avait été guidé et déplacé, en direction de la couche primaire (par exemple sous l'effet de la gravité ou d’un effort de compression appliqué au complexe). Un tel phénomène de reflux tend alors à gêner la bonne manipulation du liquide par le complexe, et à dégrader ainsi le bon fonctionnement du dispositif sanitaire, médical, chirurgical ou hygiénique incorporant ledit complexe. If such multilayer complexes, and sanitary devices, medical, surgical or hygienic associated, give overall satisfaction, they nonetheless have certain disadvantages. In particular, there may be a phenomenon, spontaneous or otherwise, of undesirable reflux of the liquid in question from the "target" zone of the upper layer, towards which it had been guided and moved, towards the primary layer (for example under the effect of gravity or compressive force applied to the complex). Such a reflux phenomenon tends to interfere with the proper handling of the liquid by the complex, and thus to degrade the proper functioning of the sanitary, medical, surgical or hygienic device incorporating said complex.
Les objets assignés à l'invention visent en conséquence à porter remède aux inconvénients exposés dans ce qui précède et à proposer un nouveau complexe multicouche pour la manipulation d’un liquide qui est conçu pour limiter le reflux dudit liquide à travers les différentes couches dudit complexe, tout en étant de conception extrêmement simple, compacte et fiable. The objects assigned to the invention therefore aim at overcoming the disadvantages set forth in the foregoing and at proposing a new multilayer complex for handling a liquid which is designed to limit the reflux of said liquid through the different layers of said complex , while being extremely simple, compact and reliable design.
Un autre objet de l’invention vise à proposer un nouveau complexe multicouche qui présente un effet anti-reflux particulièrement efficace. Another object of the invention is to propose a new multilayer complex which has a particularly effective anti-reflux effect.
Un autre objet de l’invention vise à proposer un nouveau complexe multicouche permettant une manipulation particulièrement précise et rapide dudit liquide et, en particulier, un acheminement particulièrement précis et rapide dudit liquide au sein et au travers des différentes couches qui constituent ledit complexe. Another object of the invention is to propose a new multilayer complex allowing a particularly precise and rapid handling of said liquid and, in particular, a particularly precise and rapid delivery of said liquid within and through the various layers that constitute said complex.
Un autre objet de l'invention vise à proposer un nouveau complexe multicouche particulièrement facile à concevoir et à fabriquer à l’aide de moyens techniques classiques. Un autre objet de l’invention vise à proposer un nouveau dispositif sanitaire, médical, chirurgical ou hygiénique comprenant un tel complexe multicouche amélioré. Another object of the invention is to propose a new multilayer complex particularly easy to design and manufacture using conventional technical means. Another object of the invention is to propose a new sanitary, medical, surgical or hygienic device comprising such an improved multilayer complex.
Un autre objet de l’invention vise à proposer un nouveau dispositif sanitaire, médical, chirurgical ou hygiénique d’utilisation particulièrement aisée, sûre et confortable. Another object of the invention is to propose a new sanitary, medical, surgical or hygienic device of particularly easy, safe and comfortable use.
Un autre objet de l’invention vise à proposer un nouveau dispositif sanitaire, médical, chirurgical ou hygiénique d'utilisation qui, une fois positionné en contact avec la peau d’un utilisateur, permet une détection, une mesure ou une caractérisation particulièrement simple, rapide et fiable d’une caractéristique ou d'un élément constitutif d’un liquide biologique dudit utilisateur. Another object of the invention is to propose a new sanitary, medical, surgical or hygienic device of use which, when positioned in contact with the skin of a user, allows a detection, measurement or a particularly simple characterization, fast and reliable of a characteristic or constituent element of a biological fluid of said user.
Un autre objet de l’invention vise à proposer un nouveau procédé de fabrication d'un complexe multicouche pour la manipulation d’un liquide, qui est particulièrement simple et peu onéreux à mettre en œuvre, et permet notamment d’obtenir in fine des dispositifs sanitaires, médicaux, chirurgicaux ou hygiéniques améliorés à coût de revient maîtrisé. Another object of the invention is to provide a novel method for manufacturing a multilayer complex for handling a liquid, which is particularly simple and inexpensive to implement, and in particular allows to obtain devices in fine. sanitary, medical, surgical or hygienic improved at controlled cost.
Un autre objet de l’invention vise à proposer un nouveau procédé de fabrication qui permet d’obtenir un complexe multicouche présentant un effet anti-reflux particulièrement efficace. Another object of the invention is to propose a new manufacturing process which makes it possible to obtain a multilayer complex having a particularly effective anti-reflux effect.
Un autre objet de l’invention vise à proposer un nouveau procédé de fabrication, qui permet d’obtenir un complexe multicouche autorisant une manipulation particulièrement précise et rapide d’un liquide et, en particulier, un acheminement particulièrement précis et rapide dudit liquide au sein et au travers des différentes couches qui constituent ledit complexe. Another object of the invention is to propose a novel manufacturing method, which makes it possible to obtain a multilayer complex that allows a particularly precise and rapid handling of a liquid and, in particular, a particularly precise and rapid routing of said liquid within and through the different layers that constitute said complex.
Un autre objet de l’invention vise à proposer un nouveau procédé de fabrication qui ne nécessite pas, pour sa mise en œuvre, de moyens techniques spécifiques coûteux et complexes. Another object of the invention is to propose a new manufacturing process that does not require, for its implementation, expensive and complex specific technical means.
EXPOSE DE L’INVENTION SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Les objets assignés à l'invention sont atteints à l'aide d'un complexe multicouche pour la manipulation d’un liquide, comprenant une couche primaire destinée à venir en contact avec ledit liquide, ledit complexe étant caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend également au moins : The objects assigned to the invention are achieved by means of a multilayer complex for handling a liquid, comprising a primary layer intended to come into contact with said liquid, said complex being characterized in that it also comprises at least:
- une couche secondaire qui comprend elle-même des première et deuxième zones, lesdites première et deuxième zones étant distinctes et présentant chacune un comportement respectif différent au contact dudit liquide ;  a secondary layer which itself comprises first and second zones, said first and second zones being distinct and each having a respective different behavior in contact with said liquid;
- une couche intermédiaire, qui est interposée entre lesdites couches primaire et secondaire, et qui comprend elle-même au moins une première portion imperméable audit liquide et au moins une première portion perméable permettant ie passage dudit liquide en provenance de la couche primaire vers la couche secondaire, ladite première portion imperméable s’étendant en regard de ladite première zone, la projection de la première portion imperméable dans un plan parallèle auxdites couches secondaire et intermédiaire recouvrant au moins la moitié de la surface de la projection de la première zone dans ce même plan, pour limiter le reflux dudit liquide depuis ladite première zone vers ladite couche primaire, et  an intermediate layer, which is interposed between said primary and secondary layers, and which itself comprises at least a first portion impervious to said liquid and at least a first permeable portion allowing passage of said liquid from the primary layer to the layer; secondary, said first impervious portion extending opposite said first zone, the projection of the first impermeable portion in a plane parallel to said secondary and intermediate layers covering at least half of the area of the projection of the first zone in this same area; plan, for limiting the reflux of said liquid from said first zone to said primary layer, and
- une couche barrière, recouvrant ladite couche secondaire et étant sensiblement imperméable audit liquide.  a barrier layer covering said secondary layer and being substantially impervious to said liquid.
Les objets assignés à l'invention sont également atteints à l'aide d’un dispositif sanitaire, médical, chirurgical ou hygiénique destiné à venir en contact avec la peau d’un utilisateur, comprenant un complexe multicouche pour la manipulation d’un liquide, caractérisé en ce que ledit complexe est conforme à la description ci-dessus. The objects assigned to the invention are also achieved by means of a sanitary, medical, surgical or hygienic device intended to come into contact with the skin of a user, comprising a multilayer complex for handling a liquid, characterized in that said complex is as described above.
Les objets assignés à l'invention sont également atteints à l’aide d’un procédé de fabrication d’un complexe multicouche pour la manipulation d’un liquide, dans lequel on réalise un assemblage comprenant une couche primaire destinée à venir en contact avec ledit liquide, ledit procédé étant caractérisé en ce que ledit assemblage comprend également : The objects assigned to the invention are also achieved by means of a method for manufacturing a multilayer complex for handling a liquid, in which an assembly is made comprising a primary layer intended to come into contact with said liquid, said method being characterized in that said assembly also comprises:
- une couche secondaire qui comprend elle-même des première et deuxième zones, lesdites première et deuxième zones étant distinctes et présentant chacune un comportement respectif différent au contact dudit liquide ;  a secondary layer which itself comprises first and second zones, said first and second zones being distinct and each having a respective different behavior in contact with said liquid;
- une couche intermédiaire, qui est interposée entre lesdites couches primaire et secondaire, et qui comprend elle-même au moins une première portion imperméable audit liquide et au moins une première portion perméable permettant le passage dudit liquide en provenance de la couche primaire vers la couche secondaire, ladite première portion imperméable s’étendant en regard de ladite première zone, la projection de la première portion imperméable dans un plan parallèle auxdites couches secondaire et intermédiaire recouvrant au moins la moitié de la surface de la projection de la première zone dans ce même plan, pour limiter le reflux dudit liquide depuis ladite première zone vers ladite couche primaire, et an intermediate layer, which is interposed between said primary and secondary layers, and which itself comprises at least a first impermeable portion; liquid audit and at least a first permeable portion allowing passage of said liquid from the primary layer to the secondary layer, said first impervious portion extending opposite said first zone, the projection of the first impermeable portion in a parallel plane said secondary and intermediate layers covering at least half of the area of the projection of the first zone in this same plane, to limit the reflux of said liquid from said first zone to said primary layer, and
- une couche barrière, recouvrant ladite couche secondaire et étant sensiblement imperméable audit liquide.  a barrier layer covering said secondary layer and being substantially impervious to said liquid.
DESCRIPTIF SOMMAIRE DES DESSINS SUMMARY DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
D’autres objets et avantages de l’invention apparaîtront mieux à la lecture de la description qui suit, ainsi qu’à l’aide des figures annexées, fournies à titre purement explicatif et non limitatif, parmi lesquelles : Other objects and advantages of the invention will appear better on reading the description which follows, as well as with the aid of the appended figures, provided for purely explanatory and non-limiting purposes, among which:
- Les figure 1 et 2 illustrent de manière schématique, et respectivement selon une coupe verticale et selon une vue éclatée en perspective, un mode de réalisation préférentiel d’un complexe multicouche conforme à l’invention ; - Figures 1 and 2 illustrate schematically, and respectively in a vertical section and in an exploded perspective view, a preferred embodiment of a multilayer complex according to the invention;
- La figure 3 illustre, de manière schématique et selon une vue éclatée en perspective, un autre mode de réalisation préférentiel d’un complexe multicouche conforme à l’invention ; - Figure 3 illustrates schematically and in an exploded perspective view, another preferred embodiment of a multilayer complex according to the invention;
- La figure 4 illustre, de manière schématique et en vue de dessus, le recouvrement des projections orthogonales respectives dans un même plan fictif de certains éléments des couches du complexe selon l'invention ; - Figure 4 illustrates schematically and in top view, the overlap of the respective orthogonal projections in the same fictitious plane of some elements of the layers of the complex according to the invention;
- Les figures 5 et 6 illustrent de manière schématique, et respectivement selon une coupe verticale et selon une vue éclatée en perspective, une variante du mode de réalisation préférentiel des figures 1 et 2 ; - La figure 7 illustre, de manière schématique et en perspective, une variante de la couche secondaire du complexe selon l’invention, qui présente une ligne de compression. - Figures 5 and 6 illustrate schematically, and respectively in a vertical section and in an exploded perspective view, a variant of the preferred embodiment of Figures 1 and 2; FIG. 7 schematically illustrates in perspective a variant of the secondary layer of the complex according to the invention, which has a compression line.
MEILLEURE MANIERE DE REALISER L'INVENTION BEST MODE OF REALIZING THE INVENTION
Selon un premier aspect, l'invention concerne un complexe 1 , T multicouche, c'est-à- dire un assemblage avantageusement obtenu par empilement d’une pluralité de couches surfaciques distinctes les unes des autres. De préférence, ces couches s’étendent selon des plans respectifs sensiblement parallèles les uns aux autres. Comme cela sera décrit plus en détail dans ce qui suit, les différentes couches qui composent le complexe 1 , T sont préférentiellement distinctes et de natures et fonctions avantageusement différentes. Le complexe 1 , T est ainsi de préférence composite. Avantageusement, le complexe 1 , T est souple, de sorte en particulier à pouvoir être éventuellement intégré au sein d’un dispositif sanitaire, médical, chirurgical ou encore hygiénique, sans nuire au confort de port et d’utilisation d’un tel dispositif. According to a first aspect, the invention relates to a multilayer complex 1, T, that is to say an assembly advantageously obtained by stacking a plurality of surface layers that are distinct from one another. Preferably, these layers extend in respective planes substantially parallel to each other. As will be described in more detail in the following, the various layers that make up the complex 1, T are preferably distinct and of natures and functions advantageously different. The complex 1, T is thus preferably composite. Advantageously, the complex 1, T is flexible, so in particular to be optionally integrated within a sanitary device, medical, surgical or hygienic, without harming the comfort of wearing and use of such a device.
Le complexe 1 , T de l’invention est un complexe multicouche pour la manipulation d’au moins un liquide, c’est-à-dire qu’il est avantageusement destiné à la manipulation d’au moins un liquide donné et qu'il est avantageusement conçu pour modifier l’état et / ou la position d’au moins une partie dudit liquide avec lequel ledit complexe 1 , T est mis en contact. De préférence, ledit liquide est un liquide aqueux, mais ce caractère n'est en aucun cas limitatif. Plus spécifiquement, le complexe 1 , T multicouche est avantageusement conçu pour déplacer, acheminer, une certaine quantité dudit liquide depuis au moins une première région dudit complexe 1 , T vers au moins une seconde région de ce dernier, ladite seconde région étant de préférence distante et distincte de ladite première région. Ainsi que cela sera explicité ci-après, les différentes couches formant le complexe 1 , T de l’invention sont préférentiellement conçues, configurées et agencées l’une par rapport à l’autre pour permettre un déplacement du liquide considéré depuis ladite première région vers ladite deuxième région du complexe 1 , T, lesdites première et deuxième régions appartenant avantageusement à deux couches distinctes non immédiatement adjacentes. Le déplacement dudit liquide inclut, de préférence, au moins une composante orthogonale aux couches, voire même avantageusement une combinaison d’au moins une composante parallèle aux couches (c’est-à-dire un déplacement dans le plan d’extension d’au moins l’une des couches du complexe 1 , 1’) et d’au moins une composante orthogonale auxdites couches. En ce sens, le complexe 1 , 1’ multicouche de l’invention constitue avantageusement un système fluidique ou a minima un composant de système fluidique. Complex 1, T of the invention is a multilayer complex for handling at least one liquid, that is to say that it is advantageously intended for the handling of at least one given liquid and that it is advantageously designed to modify the state and / or the position of at least a portion of said liquid with which said complex 1, T is brought into contact. Preferably, said liquid is an aqueous liquid, but this character is in no way limiting. More specifically, the multilayer complex T 1 is advantageously designed to move a certain quantity of said liquid from at least a first region of said complex 1 T to at least a second region of the latter, said second region preferably being distant. and distinct from said first region. As will be explained below, the various layers forming the complex 1, T of the invention are preferably designed, configured and arranged relative to each other to allow a displacement of the liquid considered from said first region to said second region of the complex 1, T, said first and second regions advantageously belonging to two distinct layers not immediately adjacent. The displacement of said liquid preferably includes at least one orthogonal component to the layers, or even advantageously a combination of at least one component parallel to the layers. (That is, a displacement in the plane of extension of at least one of the layers of the complex 1, 1 ') and at least one component orthogonal to said layers. In this sense, the complex 1, 1 'multilayer of the invention is advantageously a fluid system or at least a fluid system component.
Selon l’invention, ledit complexe 1 , V comprend au moins une couche primaire 2, 2’ destinée à venir en contact avec ledit liquide. De préférence, cette couche primaire 2, 2’ est destinée à venir prioritairement en contact avec ledit liquide, c’est-à-dire qu’elle constitue avantageusement une couche dudit complexe 1 , 1’ qui est destinée à venir en contact avec le liquide avant toutes ou partie des autres couches dudit complexe 1 , 1’, ledit liquide pénétrant ainsi avantageusement ledit complexe 1 , 1’, depuis le milieu extérieur à ce dernier, par l’intermédiaire de ladite couche primaire 2, 2’. De préférence, ladite couche primaire 2, 2’ constitue l’une des couches les plus superficielles du complexe 1 , 1’. Cette couche primaire 2, 2’ pourra ainsi avantageusement correspondre à ladite première région du complexe 1 , V évoquée ci-dessus. De préférence, cette couche primaire 2, 2' est formée d’une pièce primaire 2A, 2A’ de textile, lequel est préférentiellement non-tissé, poreuse et / ou hydrophile (par exemple en papier ou coton). Ladite pièce primaire 2A, 2A’ de textile est avantageusement drainante, c’est-à- dire que si ladite pièce primaire 2A, 2A’ peut éventuellement absorber ledit liquide du fait de son caractère préférentiellement poreux et / ou hydrophile, elle est cependant avantageusement sensiblement dépourvue de propriété de rétention localisée dudit liquide et elle est, au contraire, préférentiellement dotée d'une grande capacité de diffusion dudit liquide en son sein. L’épaisseur de la couche de primaire 2, 2’ est, par exemple, sensiblement comprise entre 0,1 et 0,5 mm. According to the invention, said complex 1, V comprises at least one primary layer 2, 2 'intended to come into contact with said liquid. Preferably, this primary layer 2, 2 'is intended to come in priority contact with said liquid, that is to say that it advantageously constitutes a layer of said complex 1, 1' which is intended to come into contact with the liquid before all or part of the other layers of said complex 1, 1 ', said liquid thus advantageously penetrating said complex 1, 1', from the medium outside the latter, through said primary layer 2, 2 '. Preferably, said primary layer 2, 2 'constitutes one of the most superficial layers of the complex 1, 1'. This primary layer 2, 2 'can thus advantageously correspond to said first region of the complex 1, V mentioned above. Preferably, this primary layer 2, 2 'is formed of a primary piece 2A, 2A' of textile, which is preferably non-woven, porous and / or hydrophilic (for example paper or cotton). Said primary piece 2A, 2A 'of textile is advantageously draining, that is to say that if said primary part 2A, 2A' can optionally absorb said liquid because of its preferentially porous and / or hydrophilic character, it is however advantageously substantially free of localized retention property of said liquid and it is, on the contrary, preferentially provided with a large capacity for diffusion of said liquid therein. The thickness of the primer layer 2, 2 'is, for example, substantially between 0.1 and 0.5 mm.
De manière avantageuse, ladite couche primaire 2, 2’ comprend au moins une zone préférentielle de collecte 2B, 2B’, 2B” (identifiée(s) en pointillés aux figures 2 et 3) dudit liquide, ainsi que des moyens de guidage 2C, 2C’ dudit liquide en direction de ladite zone de collecte 2B, 2B’, 2B”. Ladite zone préférentielle de collecte 2B, 2B’, 2B” correspond ainsi avantageusement à une zone particulière prédéfinie de ladite couche primaire 2, 2' vers laquelle ledit liquide pénétrant dans le complexe 1 , 1’ est préférentiellement dirigé, avantageusement selon un déplacement dudit liquide parallèle au plan d’extension primaire de ladite couche primaire 2, 2’. De préférence, comme illustré aux figures, ladite zone préférentielle de collecte 2B, 2B', 2 B” est localisée sensiblement à distance des bords primaires qui définissent le contour primaire de ladite couche primaire 2, 2’, de sorte à limiter le risque de fuite du liquide hors de la couche primaire 2, 2’ par les bords primaires de cette dernière. Il est à noter que, si ladite zone préférentielle de collecte 2B, 2B1, 2B”est délimitée aux figures selon un contour primaire rectangulaire (en pointillés aux figures 2, 3 et 6), cette forme de contour est purement schématique et n’est donnée qu’à titre illustratif uniquement, et pourra bien évidemment affecter toute autre forme souhaitée (circulaire, oblongue, etc.). Advantageously, said primary layer 2, 2 'comprises at least one preferred collection zone 2B, 2B', 2B "(identified in dotted lines in FIGS. 2 and 3) of said liquid, as well as guide means 2C, 2C 'of said liquid towards said collection zone 2B, 2B', 2B ". Said preferential collection zone 2B, 2B ', 2B "thus advantageously corresponds to a particular predefined zone of said primary layer 2, 2' towards which said liquid penetrating into the complex 1, 1 'is preferentially directed, advantageously according to a displacement of said liquid parallel to the primary extension plane of said primary layer 2, 2 '. Preferably, as illustrated in the figures, said preferential collection zone 2B, 2B ', 2B "is located substantially away from the primary edges which define the primary contour of said primary layer 2, 2 ', so as to limit the risk of leakage of the liquid from the primary layer 2, 2' by the primary edges of the latter. It should be noted that, if said preferential collection zone 2B, 2B 1 , 2B "is delimited in the figures according to a rectangular primary contour (in dotted lines in FIGS. 2, 3 and 6), this contour shape is purely schematic and n ' is given for illustrative purposes only, and can obviously affect any other desired shape (circular, oblong, etc.).
De préférence, lesdits moyens de guidage 2C, 2C sont constitués d’éléments barrières 2C, 2C’ en matériau polymère hydrophobe, par exemple de type adhésif sensible à la pression (PSA). Alternativement, les moyens de guidage 2C, 2C’ pourront être constitués d’éléments barrières 2C, 2C’ en matériau hydrophobe non polymérique, par exemple en cire. Lesdits éléments barrières 2C, 2C’ sont ainsi avantageusement étanches audit liquide. Se présentant avantageusement sous la forme de « barrettes » sensiblement rectilignes, lesdits éléments barrières 2C, 2C sont disposés dans au moins une partie de l’épaisseur, et de préférence dans toute l’épaisseur, de ladite couche primaire 2, 2’. Comme cela sera explicité plus loin, de tels éléments barrières 2C, 2C’ peuvent, par exemple, être réalisés par enduction et imprégnation locale de ladite pièce primaire 2A, 2A’ de textile à l’aide dudit matériau polymère hydrophobe. Bien évidemment, lesdits moyens de guidage 2C, 2C pourront être constitués de manière différente, sans pour autant sortir du cadre de l’invention. De manière préférentielle, et tel que cela est particulièrement visible aux figures 2 et 3, les éléments barrières 2C, 2C’ sont agencés pour former deux à deux des canaux convergents qui dirigent (c’est-à-dire qui « forçent » ou au moins favorisent significativement le déplacement) ledit liquide présent dans la couche primaire 2, 2’ vers ladite zone préférentielle de collecte 2B, 2B’, 2B”. De préférence, lesdits moyens de guidage 2C, 2 C (en l’espèce, de préférence, lesdits éléments barrières 2C, 2C’) sont agencés autour de la zone préférentielle de collecte 2B, 2B’, 2B". De préférence encore, ils sont agencés sensiblement suivant tout le contour de la zone préférentielle de collecte 2B, 2B’, 2B”, de sorte à entourer cette dernière. Avantageusement positionnés l’un par rapport à l’autre de manière sensiblement régulière, voire équi-répartis, autour de la zone préférentielle de collecte 2B, 2B’, 2B”, les moyens de guidage 2C, 2C’ définissent ainsi de préférence un schéma « en étoile » ou « en rayons » sensiblement centré sur la zone préférentielle de collecte 2B, 2B’, 2B” Se!on un premier mode de réalisation préférentiel illustré aux figures 1 et 2, la couche primaire 2 comprend une seule zone préférentielle de collecte 2B. Cependant, ladite couche primaire 2’ pourra comprendre plusieurs zones préférentielles de collecte distinctes. Ainsi, selon un deuxième mode de réalisation préférentiel, illustré à la figure 3, la couche primaire 2’ comprend préférentiellement une première 2B’ et une deuxième 2B” zones préférentielles de collecte, distinctes et préférentiellement distantes l’une de l’autre. Avantageusement, lesdits éléments barrières 2C’ seront alors agencés selon une pluralité de schémas « en étoile » ou « en rayons » respectivement centrés sur chacune desdites première 2B’ et deuxième 2B” zones préférentielles de collecte. En outre, afin de favoriser un guidage sensiblement simultané et homogène dudit liquide en direction de chacune des zones préférentielles de collecte 2B', 2B”, la couche primaire 2’ pourra en outre avantageusement comprendre une pluralité de barrières supplémentaires de guidage dudit liquide, agencées de manière sensiblement parallèle et définissant au moins un canal supplémentaire de guidage dudit liquide qui relie entre elles lesdites zones préférentielles de collecte 2B’, 2B” (figure 3). Preferably, said guiding means 2C, 2C consist of barrier elements 2C, 2C 'of hydrophobic polymer material, for example of the pressure-sensitive adhesive type (PSA). Alternatively, the guiding means 2C, 2C 'may consist of barrier elements 2C, 2C' of non-polymeric hydrophobic material, for example wax. Said barrier elements 2C, 2C 'are thus advantageously sealed to said liquid. Advantageously in the form of substantially rectilinear "bars", said barrier elements 2C, 2C are arranged in at least a portion of the thickness, and preferably throughout the thickness, of said primary layer 2, 2 '. As will be explained below, such barrier elements 2C, 2C 'may, for example, be made by coating and local impregnation of said textile primary part 2A, 2A' using said hydrophobic polymer material. Of course, said guide means 2C, 2C may be constituted differently, without departing from the scope of the invention. Preferably, and as is particularly visible in FIGS. 2 and 3, the barrier elements 2C, 2C 'are arranged to form two-by-two converging channels which direct (that is, which "force" or minus significantly promote the displacement) said liquid present in the primary layer 2, 2 'towards said preferential collection zone 2B, 2B', 2B ". Preferably, said guide means 2C, 2C (in this case, preferably, said barrier elements 2C, 2C ') are arranged around the preferential collection zone 2B, 2B', 2B ". are arranged substantially along the entire contour of the preferential collection zone 2B, 2B ', 2B ", so as to surround the latter Advantageously positioned relative to each other in a substantially regular manner, even equi-distributed, around of the preferential collection zone 2B, 2B ', 2B ", the guide means 2C, 2C' thus preferably define a" star "or" ray "pattern substantially centered on the preferential collection zone 2B, 2B ', 2B " In a first preferred embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2, the primary layer 2 comprises a single preferential collection zone 2B. However, said primary layer 2 'may comprise several distinct preferential collection areas. Thus, according to a second preferred embodiment, illustrated in Figure 3, the primary layer 2 'preferably comprises a first 2B' and a second 2B "preferential collection areas, separate and preferably spaced apart from each other. Advantageously, said barrier elements 2C 'will then be arranged according to a plurality of "star" or "radially" diagrams respectively centered on each of said first 2B' and second 2B "preferential collection zones. In addition, in order to promote a substantially simultaneous and homogeneous guidance of said liquid towards each of the preferred collection areas 2B ', 2B ", the primary layer 2' may also advantageously comprise a plurality of additional barriers for guiding said liquid, arranged substantially parallel and defining at least one additional guide channel of said liquid which interconnects said preferred collection areas 2B ', 2B "(Figure 3).
Tel qu’illustré aux figures, le complexe 1 , 1’ de l’invention comprend également au moins une couche secondaire 3, 3', avantageusement distincte de ladite couche primaire 2, 2’. De préférence agencée en regard (avantageusement à l’aplomb) de ladite couche primaire 2, 2’, ladite couche secondaire 3, 3’ s’étend préférentiellement selon un pian d’extension secondaire sensiblement parallèle au plan d’extension primaire de ladite couche primaire 2, 2’. Cette couche secondaire 3, 3’ correspond avantageusement à ladite deuxième région du complexe 1 , 1’ évoquée ci-dessus, vers laquelle ledit liquide, en provenance de ladite couche primaire 2, 2’, est dirigé et acheminé. Si l’on se réfère aux figures, l’aplomb est avantageusement donné par la direction de l’axe A-A’, B-B’, sensiblement orthogonal aux plans d’extension respectifs des différentes couches dudit complexe 1 , 1’. Dans les modes de réalisations préférentiels illustrés auxdites figures, ladite couche secondaire 3, 3’ est avantageusement agencée en regard, à l'aplomb et au-dessus de ladite couche primaire 2, 2’. De préférence, ladite couche secondaire 3, 3’ est absorbante vis-à-vis dudit liquide, c’est-à-dire que le ou les matériaux qui la composent sont avantageusement pourvus d’une capacité d’absorption dudit liquide non nulle, et de manière encore plus avantageuse, d'une capacité de rétention significative dudit liquide. Ladite couche secondaire 3, 3’ ne forme pas une couche parfaitement et strictement homogène en tout point. En effet, la couche secondaire 3, 3’ comprend elle-même au moins des première 3A, 3A’ et deuxième zones 3B, 3B\ lesquelles première 3A, 3A’ et deuxième 3B, 3B’ zones sont distinctes l’une de l’autre et présentent chacune un comportement respectif différent au contact dudit liquide. De manière particulièrement intéressante, ces première 3A, 3A' et deuxième 3B, 3B’ zones sont ainsi prévues et conçues pour réagir différemment, d’un point de vue physique et / ou chimique, en présence du même dit liquide avec lequel elles sont mises en contact. Dès lors, lesdites première 3A, 3A’ et deuxième 3B, 3B’ zones constituent avantageusement des zones fonctionnelles différentes en regard de la manipulation dudit liquide au sein du complexe 1 , 1’. En particulier, ladite première zone 3A, 3A’ correspond préférentiellement à une zone de la couche secondaire 3, 3’ vers laquelle ledit liquide, en provenance de ladite couche primaire 2, 2’, sera prioritairement déplacé, dirigé, tandis que ladite deuxième zone 3B, 3B' correspond de préférence à une autre zone de la couche secondaire 3, 3’ vers laquelle ledit liquide sera également dirigé, mais de manière cependant moins prioritaire. En ce sens, ladite première zone 3A, 3A’ constitue avantageusement une première zone « cible » d’intérêt pour ledit liquide. As illustrated in the figures, the complex 1, 1 'of the invention also comprises at least one secondary layer 3, 3', advantageously distinct from said primary layer 2, 2 '. Preferably arranged opposite (advantageously vertically) of said primary layer 2, 2 ', said secondary layer 3, 3' preferably extends along a secondary extension plane substantially parallel to the primary extension plane of said layer primary 2, 2 '. This secondary layer 3, 3 'advantageously corresponds to said second region of the complex 1, 1' mentioned above, to which said liquid from said primary layer 2, 2 'is directed and conveyed. If one refers to the figures, the plumb course is advantageously given by the direction of the axis A-A ', B-B' substantially orthogonal to the respective extension planes of the different layers of said complex 1, 1 '. In the preferred embodiments illustrated in said figures, said secondary layer 3, 3 'is advantageously arranged facing, above and above said primary layer 2, 2'. Preferably, said secondary layer 3, 3 'is absorbent vis-à-vis said liquid, that is to say that the material or materials that compose it are advantageously provided with a capacity of absorption of said non-zero liquid, and even more advantageously, a significant retention capacity of said liquid. Said secondary layer 3, 3 'does not form a perfectly and strictly homogeneous layer at any point. Indeed, the secondary layer 3, 3 'itself comprises at least first 3A, 3A' and second areas 3B, 3B \ which first 3A, 3A 'and second 3B, 3B' areas are distinct one of the other and each exhibit a respective different behavior in contact with said liquid. In a particularly interesting way, these first 3A, 3A 'and second 3B, 3B' zones are thus provided and designed to react differently, from a physical and / or chemical point of view, in the presence of the same said liquid with which they are put in touch. Therefore, said first 3A, 3A 'and second 3B, 3B' zones advantageously constitute different functional areas with respect to the manipulation of said liquid within the complex 1, 1 '. In particular, said first zone 3A, 3A 'preferentially corresponds to a zone of the secondary layer 3, 3' to which said liquid, coming from said primary layer 2, 2 ', will be primarily displaced, directed, while said second zone 3B, 3B 'preferably corresponds to another zone of the secondary layer 3, 3' towards which said liquid will also be directed, but in a less priority manner. In this sense, said first zone 3A, 3A 'advantageously constitutes a first "target" zone of interest for said liquid.
De manière avantageuse, ladite première zone 3A, 3A’ présente une première vitesse d’absorption et une première capacité d’absorption dudit liquide, tandis que ladite deuxième zone 3B, 3B’ présente une deuxième vitesse d’absorption et une deuxième capacité d’absorption, ladite première vitesse d’absorption étant strictement supérieure à ladite deuxième vitesse d’absorption. Ladite première capacité d’absorption est quant à elle de préférence strictement inférieure à ladite deuxième capacité d’absorption. On entend ici préférentiellement par « capacité d’absorption », le volume maximal de liquide que peut absorber en son sein, et avantageusement retenir, le matériau formant la zone 3A, 3B, 3A\ 3B’ considérée de ladite couche secondaire 3, 3’. Le terme « vitesse d’absorption » se réfère quant à lui préférentiellement à la rapidité à laquelle le matériau formant la zone 3A, 3B, 3A’, 3B’ considérée est susceptible d’absorber une quantité donnée dudit liquide. Une telle différenciation de vitesse et, de préférence, de capacité d’absorption entre lesdites première 3A, 3A’ et deuxième 3B, 3B’ zones peut, par exemple, être conférée à la couche secondaire 3, 3’ par une modification localisée (par exemple, par compression) de la densité du matériau formant ladite couche secondaire 3, 3’ ou, comme on le verra plus loin, par l’emploi, au sein de la même dite couche secondaire 3, 3', de matériaux de nature et propriétés différentes. Ces matériaux seront choisis de manière adéquate en regard des propriétés d’absorption recherchées. De ia sorte, il est ainsi possible de générer un phénomène compétitif entre iesdites première 3A, 3A’ et deuxième 3B, 3B’ zones en regard dudit liquide, lorsque ce dernier entre en contact avec la couche secondaire 3, 3’. En effet, ladite première zone 3A, 3A’ attirera prioritairement ledit liquide vers elle, du fait de sa plus grande vitesse d’absorption. Dans un premier temps, la quasi-totalité (ou au moins la majorité en volume) du liquide atteignant la couche secondaire 3, 3’ sera donc avantageusement dirigée vers la première zone 3A, 3A’ et absorbée par cette dernière. Puis, une fois atteinte la première capacité d’absorption de ladite première zone 3A, 3A’, c'est-à-dire une fois que cette dernière est saturée en liquide (ce qui peut, par exemple, correspondre à un volume de liquide sensiblement proche de 1 ml), le liquide qui continue à affluer vers la couche secondaire 3, 3’ sera alors avantageusement attiré majoritairement (en volume) vers ladite deuxième zone 3B, 3 B’, du fait cette fois de la plus grande capacité d’absorption de cette dernière. Bien évidemment, Iesdites première 3A, 3A’ et deuxième zones 3B, 3B’ pourront présenter des comportements respectifs qui différent de ceux décrits ci-dessus, sans pour autant sortir du cadre de l’invention. Avantageusement, la deuxième zone 3B, 3B’ de la couche secondaire 3, 3’ pourra être imprégnée d’une substance hydrophobe, telle que par exemple de l’éthylène acétate de vinyle (EVA), de manière à diminuer ladite deuxième vitesse d’absorption de la deuxième zone 3B, 3B’ et à accentuer le caractère compétitif entre Iesdites première 3A, 3A’ et deuxième 3B, 3B’ zones. Advantageously, said first zone 3A, 3A 'has a first absorption rate and a first absorption capacity of said liquid, while said second zone 3B, 3B' has a second absorption rate and a second absorption capacity. absorption, said first absorption rate being strictly greater than said second absorption rate. Said first absorption capacity is in turn preferably strictly lower than said second absorption capacity. The term "absorption capacity" is preferably used here to mean the maximum volume of liquid that can be absorbed within it, and advantageously to retain, the material forming the zone 3A, 3B, 3A \ 3B 'considered of said secondary layer 3, 3' . The term "absorption rate" refers preferentially to the speed at which the material forming the zone 3A, 3B, 3A ', 3B' considered is likely to absorb a given amount of said liquid. Such a differentiation of speed and, preferably, of absorption capacity between said first 3A, 3A 'and second 3B, 3B' zones may, for example, be conferred on the secondary layer 3, 3 'by a localized modification (by example, by compression) of the density of the material forming said secondary layer 3, 3 'or, as will be seen later, by the use, within the same said secondary layer 3, 3 ', of different materials and properties. These materials will be adequately selected with regard to the desired absorption properties. In this way, it is thus possible to generate a competitive phenomenon between said first 3A, 3A 'and second 3B, 3B' zones facing said liquid, when the latter comes into contact with the secondary layer 3, 3 '. Indeed, said first zone 3A, 3A 'will primarily attract said liquid towards it, because of its greater absorption rate. In a first step, almost all (or at least the majority in volume) of the liquid reaching the secondary layer 3, 3 'will therefore be advantageously directed towards the first zone 3A, 3A' and absorbed by the latter. Then, once reached the first absorption capacity of said first zone 3A, 3A ', that is to say once the latter is saturated with liquid (which may, for example, correspond to a volume of liquid substantially close to 1 ml), the liquid which continues to flow towards the secondary layer 3, 3 'will then advantageously be attracted mainly (in volume) to said second zone 3B, 3 B', this time because of the greater capacity of absorption of the latter. Of course, said first 3A, 3A 'and second areas 3B, 3B' may have respective behaviors different from those described above, without departing from the scope of the invention. Advantageously, the second zone 3B, 3B 'of the secondary layer 3, 3' may be impregnated with a hydrophobic substance, such as, for example, ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), so as to reduce said second speed of absorption of the second zone 3B, 3B 'and to accentuate the competitive nature between said first 3A, 3A' and second 3B, 3B 'zones.
De manière encore plus préférentielle, pour faciliter et accélérer le déplacement dudit liquide depuis la couche primaire 2, 2’ vers Iesdites première 3A, 3A’ et deuxième 3B, 3B’ zones de la couche secondaire 3, 3’, ladite couche primaire 2, 2' présente avantageusement une troisième capacité d’absorption dudit liquide, qui est strictement inférieure (et de préférence très inférieure) auxdites première et deuxième capacités d’absorption respectives des première 3A, 3A' et deuxième 3B, 3B’ zones de ia couche secondaire 3, 3’. De préférence encore, ladite couche primaire 2, 2’ présente avantageusement une troisième vitesse d’absorption dudit liquide, qui est strictement supérieure (et de préférence très supérieure) auxdites première et deuxième vitesses d’absorption respectives des première 3A, 3A’ et deuxième 3B, 3B’ zones de la couche secondaire 3, 3'. Selon le premier mode de réalisation préférentiel illustré aux figures 1 et 2, la couche secondaire 3 du complexe 1 comprend une première zone 3A et une deuxième zone 3B conformes à ce qui précède. De préférence, tel qu’illustré aux figures, ladite première zone 3A est délimitée par un contour externe fermé et est entourée de manière contiguë par ladite deuxième zone 3B Autrement dit, ladite deuxième zone 3B jouxte immédiatement ladite première zone 3A, bordant cette dernière sur toute sa périphérie. Cependant, ladite couche secondaire 3 pourra comprendre davantage de zones de comportements différents, sans sortir pour autant du cadre de l’invention. Ainsi, selon le deuxième mode de réalisation préférentiel illustré à la figure 3, la couche secondaire 3’ du complexe T comprend avantageusement une première zone 3A’ et une deuxième zone 3B't conformes à ce qui précède, ainsi qu’une troisième zone 3A”. Cette troisième zone 3A”, avantageusement distinctes desdites première zone 3A’ et deuxième zone 3B’, peut elle aussi être délimitée par un contour externe fermé, et elle est de préférence entourée de manière contiguë par ladite deuxième zone 3B\ Ladite troisième zone 3A’’ présente, de préférence, des propriétés et comportement identiques à ceux de ladite première zone 3A’, en particulier en termes de vitesse et de capacité d’absorption. Néanmoins, il est tout à fait envisageable, sans sortir pour autant du cadre de l'invention, que lesdites première 3A’, deuxième 3B’ et troisième 3A” zones de la couche secondaire 3' aient chacune un comportement respectif différent au contact dudit liquide. Ladite troisième zone 3A” constitue ainsi avantageusement une deuxième zone « cible » de ladite couche secondaire 3’. Even more preferably, to facilitate and accelerate the movement of said liquid from the primary layer 2, 2 'to said first 3A, 3A' and second 3B, 3B 'zones of the secondary layer 3, 3', said primary layer 2, 2 'advantageously has a third absorption capacity of said liquid, which is strictly lower (and preferably much lower) to said first and second respective absorption capacities of the first 3A, 3A' and second 3B, 3B 'zones of the secondary layer; 3, 3 '. More preferably, said primary layer 2, 2 'advantageously has a third absorption rate of said liquid, which is strictly greater (and preferably much higher) than said first and second respective absorption rates of the first 3A, 3A' and second 3B, 3B 'areas of the secondary layer 3, 3'. According to the first preferred embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2, the secondary layer 3 of the complex 1 comprises a first zone 3A and a second zone 3B in accordance with the foregoing. Preferably, as shown in the figures, said first zone 3A is delimited by a closed external contour and is contiguously surrounded by said second zone 3B. In other words, said second zone 3B immediately adjoins said first zone 3A, bordering the latter on all its periphery. However, said secondary layer 3 may comprise more areas of different behaviors, without departing from the scope of the invention. Thus, according to the second preferred embodiment illustrated in FIG. 3, the secondary layer 3 'of the complex T advantageously comprises a first zone 3A' and a second zone 3B ' t in accordance with the above, as well as a third zone 3A. ". This third zone 3A ", advantageously distinct from said first zone 3A 'and second zone 3B', can also be delimited by a closed external contour, and it is preferably contiguously surrounded by said second zone 3B \ Said third zone 3A ' preferably has properties and behavior identical to those of said first zone 3A ', in particular in terms of speed and absorption capacity. Nevertheless, it is quite conceivable, without departing from the scope of the invention, that said first 3A ', second 3B' and third 3A "zones of the secondary layer 3 'each have a respective different behavior in contact with said liquid . Said third zone 3A "thus advantageously constitutes a second" target "zone of said secondary layer 3 '.
Par exemple, l’épaisseur de la couche secondaire 3, 3’ est sensiblement comprise entre 2 et 5 mm. Avantageusement, tel qu’illustré aux figures 2 et 3 notamment, ladite couche secondaire 3, 3’ n’est pas formée d’un seul tenant, c’est-à-dire d’une seule et même pièce surfacique, mais consiste au contraire en un assemblage surfacique de pièces surfaciques distinctes. Tel qu’illustré à la figure 2, la couche secondaire 3 est ainsi préférentiellement formée au moins : For example, the thickness of the secondary layer 3, 3 'is substantially between 2 and 5 mm. Advantageously, as illustrated in FIGS. 2 and 3 in particular, said secondary layer 3, 3 'is not formed in one piece, that is to say of one and the same surface piece, but consists in contrary in a surface assembly of distinct surface pieces. As illustrated in FIG. 2, the secondary layer 3 is thus preferably formed at least:
- d'une pièce secondaire 3C de textile pourvue d’au moins une première fenêtre 3D traversante ménagée à travers ladite pièce secondaire 3C, ladite pièce secondaire 3C formant (ou contribuant au moins à former) ladite deuxième zone 3B de la couche secondaire 3, et - d’une première pièce tertiaire 3E de textile, distincte de ladite pièce secondaire 3C et de forme sensiblement complémentaire à ladite première fenêtre 3D, ladite première pièce tertiaire 3E étant logée étroitement (c’est-à-dire de préférence « bords à bords ») au sein de ladite première fenêtre 3D et formant (ou contribuant au moins à former) ladite première zone 3A de la couche secondaire 3. a textile secondary part 3C provided with at least a first 3D through-hole window formed through said secondary part 3C, said secondary part 3C forming (or at least contributing to forming) said second zone 3B of the secondary layer 3, and a first tertiary piece 3E of textile, distinct from said secondary part 3C and of a shape substantially complementary to said first 3D window, said first tertiary part 3E being housed closely (that is to say preferably "edges with edges ") Within said first 3D window and forming (or at least contributing to forming) said first zone 3A of the secondary layer 3.
Selon le deuxième mode de réalisation préférentiel illustré à la figure 3, la couche secondaire 3’ pourra avantageusement être formée au moins : According to the second preferred embodiment illustrated in FIG. 3, the secondary layer 3 'may advantageously be formed at least:
- d'une pièce secondaire 3C’ de textile pourvue d’une première 3D’ et d’une deuxième 3D” fenêtres traversantes ménagées à travers ladite pièce secondaire 3C’ et avantageusement distinctes et distantes l’une de l’autre,  - A textile secondary part 3C 'provided with a first 3D' and a second 3D "through windows formed through said secondary part 3C 'and advantageously separate and spaced from each other,
- et d’une première 3E’ et d’une deuxième 3E” pièces tertiaires de textile, distinctes l’une de l’autre et de ladite pièce secondaire 3C’, et respectivement de forme sensiblement complémentaire à ladite première 3D’ et deuxième 3D” fenêtres, ces première 3E’ et deuxième 3E” pièces tertiaires étant respectivement logées étroitement au sein desdites première 3D’ et deuxième 3D” fenêtre 3D et formant (ou contribuant au moins à former) respectivement lesdites première 3A et troisième 3A” zones de la couche secondaire 3’.  and a first 3E 'and a second 3E "tertiary pieces of textile, distinct from each other and from said secondary part 3C', and respectively of substantially complementary shape to said first 3D 'and second 3D "Windows, these first 3E 'and second 3E" tertiary pieces being respectively housed tightly within said first 3D' and second 3D '3D window and forming (or at least contributing to form) respectively said first 3A and third 3A "zones of the secondary layer 3 '.
Lesdites première 3D’ et deuxième 3D” fenêtres, d’une part, et lesdites première 3E’ et deuxième 3E” pièces tertiaires d’autre part, sont de préférence identiques, mais pourraient bien évidemment être différentes, sans pour autant sortir du cadre de l’invention. Se présentant avantageusement sous la forme de nappes surfaciques et préférentiellement choisies sensiblement de même épaisseur, lesdites pièces secondaire 3C, 3C’ et tertiaire 3E, 3E’, 3E” de textile sont donc agencées de manière coplanaire pour former (ou au moins contribuer à former) ladite couche secondaire 3, 3’. Ladite première fenêtre 3D (respectivement lesdites première 3D' et deuxième 3D” fenêtres) et ladite première pièce tertiaire 3E (respectivement lesdites première 3E' et deuxième 3E” pièces tertiaires) correspondante(s) peuvent affecter respectivement toutes formes complémentaires connues et, par exemple, affecter respectivement une forme rectangulaire (tel qu’illustré aux figures 2 et 3) ou en encore circulaire. La couche secondaire 3, 3’ et ses première 3A, 3A’ et deuxième 3B, 3B’ zones (voire troisième zone 3A”) sont ainsi relativement simples à concevoir et à fabriquer, le choix des matériaux formant respectivement lesdites première 3A, 3A’ et deuxième 3 B, 3B’ (voire troisième 3A”) zones étant dès [ors très large, puisque ladite couche secondaire 3, 3’ n’est pas formée d’un seul tenant. Said first 3D 'and second 3D' windows, on the one hand, and said first 3E 'and second 3E' tertiary parts on the other hand, are preferably identical, but could of course be different, without departing from the scope of the invention. Advantageously in the form of surface layers and preferably chosen substantially of the same thickness, said secondary parts 3C, 3C 'and tertiary 3E, 3E', 3E "textile are arranged in a coplanar manner to form (or at least contribute to forming ) said secondary layer 3, 3 '. Said first 3D window (respectively said first 3D 'and second 3D' windows) and said first tertiary piece 3E (respectively said first 3 'and second 3E' tertiary pieces) corresponding (s) can respectively affect any known complementary forms and, for example , respectively assign a rectangular shape (as illustrated in Figures 2 and 3) or still circular. The secondary layer 3, 3 'and its first 3A, 3A' and second 3B, 3B 'zones (or even third zone 3A ") are thus relatively simple to design and manufacture, the choice of materials forming respectively said first 3A, 3A 'and second 3B, 3B' (or even third 3A ") areas being very very wide, since said secondary layer 3, 3 'is not formed integrally.
De préférence, ladite pièce secondaire 3C, 3C’ de textile est une pièce de textile, lequel est préférentiellement non-tissé et hydrophile et, de manière encore plus préférentielle, aiguilleté. L’aiguilletage du textile permet en effet avantageusement d '« aérer » ce dernier et, dans une certaine mesure, d'augmenter la capacité d’absorption de la pièce secondaire 3C, 3C’ (et donc d’augmenter la deuxième capacité d’absorption de la deuxième zone 3B, 3B’). De manière plus préférentielle encore, ladite pièce secondaire 3C, 3C’ de textile est constituée à 70 % de fibres de polyéthylène et à 30 % de fibres de polypropylène, et présente préférentiellement une masse surfacique (ou grammage ) sensiblement égale à 220 g / mz. Preferably, said textile secondary part 3C, 3C 'is a piece of textile, which is preferably nonwoven and hydrophilic and, even more preferably, needled. The needling of the textile advantageously makes it possible to "ventilate" the latter and, to a certain extent, to increase the absorption capacity of the secondary part 3C, 3C '(and therefore to increase the second capacity of absorption of the second zone 3B, 3B '). More preferably still, said textile secondary part 3C, 3C 'consists of 70% of polyethylene fibers and 30% of polypropylene fibers, and preferably has a basis weight (or basis weight) substantially equal to 220 g / m z .
Ladite première pièce tertiaire 3E (respectivement lesdites première 3E’ et deuxième 3E” pièces tertiaires), est quant à elle préférentiellement une pièce de textile, préférentiellement non-tissé et hydrophile, et avantageusement constitué de fibres de cellulose et d’un liant de type latex de polymère à base d'acétate de vinyle, et présentant préférentiellement une masse surfacique sensiblement égale à 95 g / m2. Dans le deuxième mode de réalisation préférentiel illustré à la figure 3, lesdites première 3E’ et deuxième 3E” tertiaires pourraient respectivement être des pièces de textile de compositions différentes. Said first tertiary piece 3E (respectively said first 3E 'and second 3E "tertiary pieces), is in turn preferably a piece of textile, preferably nonwoven and hydrophilic, and preferably consisting of cellulose fibers and a binder of the type vinyl acetate-based polymer latex, and preferably having a weight per unit area substantially equal to 95 g / m 2 . In the second preferred embodiment illustrated in FIG. 3, said first 3E 'and second 3E "tertiary could respectively be textile pieces of different compositions.
De manière préférentielle, ladite pièce primaire 2A, 2A’ de textile, d’un seul tenant, est quant à elle préférentiellement constituée à 80 % de pulpe de bois (cellulose) et à 20 % de fibres de polyester (par exemple du PET), et présente préférentiellement une masse surfacique sensiblement égale à 28 g / m2. Une telle pièce primaire 2A, 2A’ de textile peut, par exemple, être obtenue par voie humide ou papetière (procédé « wet laid »), par incorporation de fibres de polyester dans une pâte cellulosique de pulpe de bois. Preferably, said primary piece 2A, 2A 'textile, in one piece, is in turn preferably made of 80% of wood pulp (cellulose) and 20% of polyester fibers (eg PET) , and preferably has a surface density substantially equal to 28 g / m 2 . Such a textile primary piece 2A, 2A 'can, for example, be obtained by wet or papermaking ("wet ugly" method), by incorporating polyester fibers into a cellulosic pulp of wood pulp.
Tel qu’illustré aux figures, le complexe 1 , T de l’invention comprend en outre une couche intermédiaire 4, 4’, qui est interposée entre lesdites couches primaire 2, 2' et secondaire 3, 3’. Agencée en regard, à l’aplomb, desdites couches primaire 2, 2’ et secondaire 3, 3’ respectivement, ladite couche intermédiaire 4, 4’ s’étend de préférence selon un plan d’extension intermédiaire sensiblement parallèle aux pians d'extension primaire et secondaire desdites couches primaire 2, 2’ et secondaire 3, 3’. Dans les exemples illustrés aux figures, ladite couche intermédiaire 4, 4’ est avantageusement agencée d’une part en regard, à l’aplomb et au-dessus (et avantageusement en contact surfacique direct) de ladite couche primaire 2, 2’ et, d’autre part, en regard, à l’aplomb et au-dessous (et avantageusement en contact surfacique direct) de ladite couche secondaire 3, 3’. La couche intermédiaire 4, 4’ comprend elle-même au moins une première portion imperméable 4A, 4A’ audit liquide (c’est-à-dire étanche à ce dernier) et au moins une première portion perméable 4B, 4B’ audit liquide, cette dernière permettant le passage, à travers elle, dudit liquide en provenance de la couche primaire 2, 2’ vers la couche secondaire 3, 3’, tandis que ladite première portion imperméable 4A, 4A’ interdit au contraire le passage du liquide à travers elle. De préférence, ladite première portion imperméable 4A, 4A’ et ladite première portion perméable 4B, 4B’ sont respectivement continues. As illustrated in the figures, the complex 1, T of the invention further comprises an intermediate layer 4, 4 ', which is interposed between said primary layers 2, 2' and secondary 3, 3 '. Arranged facing, perpendicular to said primary layers 2, 2 'and secondary 3, 3' respectively, said intermediate layer 4, 4 'preferably extends in an intermediate extension plane substantially parallel to the primary and secondary expansion planes of said primary layers 2, 2 'and secondary 3, 3'. In the examples illustrated in the figures, said intermediate layer 4, 4 'is advantageously arranged on the one hand opposite, above and below (and advantageously in direct surface contact) of said primary layer 2, 2' and, on the other hand, facing, plumb and below (and preferably in direct surface contact) of said secondary layer 3, 3 '. The intermediate layer 4, 4 'itself comprises at least a first impermeable portion 4A, 4A' to said liquid (that is to say, sealed to the latter) and at least a first permeable portion 4B, 4B 'to said liquid, the latter allowing the passage, through it, said liquid from the primary layer 2, 2 'to the secondary layer 3, 3', while said first impermeable portion 4A, 4A 'prohibits on the contrary the passage of the liquid through she. Preferably, said first impermeable portion 4A, 4A 'and said first permeable portion 4B, 4B' are respectively continuous.
Dans le premier mode de réalisation préférentiel des figures 1 et 2, ladite couche intermédiaire 4 comprend de préférence, outre ladite première portion imperméable 4A et ladite première portion perméable 4B, une deuxième portion imperméable 4C, avantageusement distincte de la première portion imperméable 4A. Dans le deuxième mode de réalisation préférentiel de la figure 3, ladite couche intermédiaire 4' comprend de préférence, outre ladite première portion imperméable 4A' et ladite première portion perméable 4B’, une deuxième 4C’ et une troisième 4A” portions imperméables, ainsi qu'une deuxième portion perméable 4B”. De préférence, ces deuxième 4C et troisième 4A” portions imperméables sont chacune distinctes de la première portion imperméable 4A’, et la deuxième portion perméable 4B” est avantageusement distincte de la première portion perméable 4B’. In the first preferred embodiment of Figures 1 and 2, said intermediate layer 4 preferably comprises, in addition to said first impervious portion 4A and said first permeable portion 4B, a second impervious portion 4C, preferably separate from the first impermeable portion 4A. In the second preferred embodiment of FIG. 3, said intermediate layer 4 'preferably comprises, in addition to said first impervious portion 4A' and said first permeable portion 4B ', a second 4C' and a third 4A "impermeable portions, as well as a second permeable portion 4B ". Preferably, these second 4C and third 4A "impervious portions are each distinct from the first impervious portion 4A ', and the second permeable portion 4B" is advantageously distinct from the first permeable portion 4B'.
De telles caractéristiques de perméabilité / imperméabilité en regard d’un liquide de nature et composition données peuvent être obtenues par toute technique connue, par exemple en modulant localement la porosité ou la solubilité dans ledit liquide du matériau formant ladite couche intermédiaire 4, 4’. Cependant, ladite première portion perméable 4B (respectivement, lesdites première 4B’ et deuxième 4B" portions perméables) est préférentiellement formée par au moins une première ouverture intermédiaire 4D traversante (respectivement, par au moins une première 4D’ et au moins une deuxième 4D” ouvertures intermédiaires traversantes) ménagée(s) à travers ladite couche intermédiaire 4, 4’. Ladite première ouverture intermédiaire 4D (respectivement, lesdites première 4D’ et deuxième 4D” ouvertures intermédiaires) sera bien entendu dimensionnée de manière adéquate pour laisser effectivement passer ledit liquide à travers elle. Ladite première portion imperméable 4A, 4A' de la couche intermédiaire 4, 4’ (et de préférence également la deuxième portion imperméable 4C, 4C, voire avantageusement aussi la troisième portion imperméable 4A”) est quant à elle préférentiellement formée d’un film (ou couche), préférentiellement continu, en matériau polymère hydrophobe, par exemple de type adhésif sensible à la pression (PSA) (par exemple à base de silicone) ou en polyuréthane. Ladite couche intermédiaire 4, 4’ est ainsi de conception particulièrement simple et pourra avantageusement être aisément réalisée, comme cela sera détaillé plus loin, par enduction partielle d’une face de l’une ou l’autre desdites couches primaire 2, 2’ et secondaire 3, 3’ à l'aide dudit adhésif sensible à la pression ou de polyuréthane. On notera par ailleurs que le recours préférentiel à un tel adhésif sensible à la pression permettra avantageusement de solidariser entre elles, grâce à ladite couche intermédiaire 4, 4’ intercalaire ainsi formée, lesdites couches primaire 2, 2’ et secondaire 3, 3’, une fois ces dernières avantageusement agencées l’une en regard de l’autre conformément à ce qui précède. Such characteristics of permeability / impermeability with respect to a liquid of a given nature and composition can be obtained by any known technique, for example by locally modulating the porosity or the solubility in said liquid of the material forming said intermediate layer 4, 4 '. However, said first permeable portion 4B (respectively, said first 4B 'and second 4B "permeable portions) is preferably formed by at least a first through intermediate opening 4D (respectively, by at least a first 4D' and at minus a second 4D "through intermediate openings) formed through said intermediate layer 4, 4 '. Said first intermediate opening 4D (respectively, said first 4D 'and second 4D "intermediate openings) will of course be suitably dimensioned to effectively let said liquid pass through it. Said first impervious portion 4A, 4A 'of the intermediate layer 4, 4' (and preferably also the second impermeable portion 4C, 4C, or even advantageously also the third impermeable portion 4A ") is in turn preferably formed of a film ( or layer), preferably continuous, of hydrophobic polymeric material, for example pressure-sensitive adhesive (PSA) (for example based on silicone) or polyurethane. Said intermediate layer 4, 4 'is thus of particularly simple design and may advantageously be easily made, as will be detailed below, by partial coating of one side of one or the other of said primary layers 2, 2' and secondary 3, 3 'using said pressure-sensitive adhesive or polyurethane. It will furthermore be noted that the preferential use of such a pressure-sensitive adhesive will advantageously make it possible to secure between them, by means of said intermediate layer 4, 4 'intermediate thus formed, said primary layers 2, 2' and secondary 3, 3 ', once the latter advantageously arranged one facing each other in accordance with the above.
De plus, dans le cas préférentiel illustré aux figures où la première zone 3A (respectivement, la première zone 3A’, ainsi que de préférence la troisième zone 3A”) est délimitée par un contour externe fermé et est entourée de manière contiguë par ladite deuxième zone 3B, 3B’, la première ouverture intermédiaire 4D (respectivement, la première ouverture intermédiaire 4D’, ainsi que de préférence la deuxième ouverture intermédiaire 4D”) forme avantageusement une première lumière 4D (respectivement, une première lumière 4D’, ainsi que de préférence une deuxième lumière 4D”) curviligne refermée sur elle-même. En d’autres termes, la première ouverture intermédiaire 4D (respectivement, la première ouverture intermédiaire 4D’, ainsi que de préférence la deuxième ouverture intermédiaire 4D”) se présente, dans ce cas, sous la forme d’une première lumière 4D (respectivement sous la forme d’une première lumière 4D’, ainsi que de préférence d’une deuxième lumière 4D”) ou canal de largeur prédéfinie, qui s’étend dans le plan d’extension intermédiaire de la couche intermédiaire 4, 4’. Fermé sur lui-même en ses extrémités, ce canal débouche de manière continue, sur toute la longueur de son profil fermé, de part et d’autre de la surface de la couche intermédiaire 4, 4'. In addition, in the preferred case illustrated in the figures where the first zone 3A (respectively, the first zone 3A ', as well as preferably the third zone 3A ") is delimited by a closed external contour and is contiguously surrounded by said second zone 3B, 3B ', the first intermediate opening 4D (respectively, the first intermediate opening 4D', and preferably the second intermediate opening 4D ") advantageously forms a first light 4D (respectively, a first light 4D ', as well as preferably a second curved light 4D ") closed on itself. In other words, the first intermediate opening 4D (respectively the first intermediate opening 4D ', and preferably the second intermediate opening 4D ") is, in this case, in the form of a first light 4D (respectively in the form of a first light 4D ', and preferably a second light 4D ") or channel of predefined width, which extends in the intermediate extension plane of the intermediate layer 4, 4'. Closed on itself at its ends, this channel opens continuously, over the entire length of its closed profile, on either side of the surface of the intermediate layer 4, 4 '.
De manière particulièrement avantageuse, le profil curviligne fermé de cette première ouverture intermédiaire 4D, 4D’ (voire également et avantageusement de la deuxième ouverture 4D”) est conjugué avec le profil respectif du contour secondaire externe fermé de la première zone 3A, 3A’ (voire de la troisième zone 3A”) de la couche secondaire 3, 3’. Ainsi, si ledit contour secondaire externe de la première zone 3A, 3A’ est par exemple circulaire ou rectangulaire, ladite première ouverture intermédiaire 4D, 4D’ correspondante forme alors une première lumière 4D, 4D’ annulaire ou annulaire à contours interne et externe rectangulaires (figures 2 et 3). Ainsi, dans le premier mode de réalisation préférentiel de la figure 2, la première ouverture intermédiaire 4D de la couche intermédiaire 4 se présente de préférence sous la forme d'une lumière 4D annulaire à contours interne et externe rectangulaires, de profil conjugué à la forme rectangulaire affectée par la première zone 3A. Dans le deuxième mode de réalisation préférentiel de la figure 3, lesdites première 4B’ et une deuxième 4B” portions perméables sont respectivement formées d’une première 4D’ et d’une deuxième 4D” ouvertures intermédiaires. Ces première 4D’ et deuxième 4D” ouvertures intermédiaires d’une part, et lesdites première 3A’ et troisième zone 3A" d’autre part, sont préférentiellement identiques entres elles, et lesdites première 4D’ et deuxième 4D” ouvertures intermédiaires se présentent de préférence sous la forme d’une première 4D’ et d’une deuxième 4D” lumières annulaires à contours interne et externe rectangulaires, de profils respectifs conjugués à la forme rectangulaire respectivement préférentiellement affectée par lesdites première 3A et troisième zones 3A”. La largeur moyenne desdites première 4D, 4D’ et deuxième 4D” lumières, c’est-à-dire la distance séparant le contour interne et le contour externe de cette dernière, est par exemple comprise entre 3 et 5 mm. De préférence, l’épaisseur de la couche intermédiaire 4, 4’ est choisie inférieure, voire très inférieure, aux épaisseurs respectives des couches primaire 2, 2’ et secondaire 3, 3’, de manière à garantir une bonne compacité dudit complexe 1 , 1 Typiquement, l’épaisseur de la couche intermédiaire 4, 4’ pourra ainsi être sensiblement comprise entre 0,05 et 0,3 mm. Selon l’épaisseur choisie de la couche intermédiaire 4, 4’ et la nature même dudit liquide considéré, ladite première ouverture intermédiaire 4D, 4D’ (voire également et avantageusement de la deuxième ouverture 4D”) pourra éventuellement être comblée par un élément complémentaire perméable audit liquide (par exemple une pièce surfacique de textile non-tissé hydrophile), de sorte à faciliter le passage dudit liquide à travers la première portion perméable 4B, 4B’ (voire également et avantageusement à travers la deuxième portion perméable 4B”) ainsi obtenue en formant un « pont » entre lesdites couches primaire 2, 2’ et secondaire 3, 3’. Alternativement, ladite (ou lesdites) ouverture intermédiaire 4D, 4D’, 4D” pourra être laissée vide, sans préjudice pour le bon passage dudit liquide, dans la mesure où lesdites couches primaire 2, 2’ et secondaire 3, 3’ entre lesquelles est interposée ladite couche intermédiaire 4, 4’ pourront venir localement en contact ou quasi contact l’une avec l’autre au niveau de ladite première ouverture intermédiaire 4D, 4D’ (voire également et avantageusement de la deuxième ouverture 4D”) sous l’effet de leur poids respectif. In a particularly advantageous manner, the closed curvilinear profile of this first intermediate opening 4D, 4D '(or even and advantageously of the second opening 4D ") is conjugated with the respective profile of the closed external secondary contour of the first zone 3A, 3A' ( even of the third zone 3A ") of the secondary layer 3, 3 '. Thus, if said external secondary contour of the first zone 3A, 3A 'is for example circular or rectangular, said corresponding first intermediate opening 4D, 4D' then forms a first annular or annular first light 4D, 4D with rectangular internal and external contours ( Figures 2 and 3). Thus, in the first preferred embodiment of FIG. 2, the first intermediate opening 4D of the intermediate layer 4 is preferably in the form of an annular light 4D with rectangular internal and external contours, of a profile conjugated to the shape rectangular affected by the first zone 3A. In the second preferred embodiment of Figure 3, said first 4B 'and a second 4B "permeable portions are respectively formed of a first 4D' and a second 4D" intermediate openings. These first 4D 'and second 4D "intermediate openings on the one hand, and said first 3A' and third zone 3A" on the other hand, are preferentially identical to each other, and said first 4D 'and second 4D "intermediate openings are of preferably in the form of a first 4D 'and a second 4D "annular lumens with rectangular internal and external contours, respective profiles conjugated to the rectangular shape respectively preferably affected by said first 3A and third zones 3A". said first 4D, 4D 'and second 4D "lumens, that is to say the distance separating the internal contour and the external contour of the latter, is for example between 3 and 5 mm. the intermediate layer 4, 4 'is chosen to be smaller, or even much lower, than the respective thicknesses of the primary layers 2, 2' and the secondary layers 3, 3 ', so that In this way, the thickness of the intermediate layer 4, 4 'can be substantially between 0.05 and 0.3 mm. Depending on the chosen thickness of the intermediate layer 4, 4 'and the very nature of said liquid considered, said first intermediate opening 4D, 4D' (or even and advantageously of the second opening 4D ") may optionally be filled by a complementary element permeable to said liquid (for example a surface piece of nonwoven hydrophilic textile), so as to facilitate the passage of said liquid through the first permeable portion 4B, 4B '(or also and advantageously through the second permeable portion 4B ") thus obtained by forming a" bridge "between said primary layers 2, 2 'and secondary 3, 3'. Alternatively, said (or said) intermediate opening 4D, 4D ', 4D "may be left empty, without prejudice to the proper passage of said liquid, insofar as said primary layers 2, 2' and secondary 3, 3 'between which is interposed said intermediate layer 4, 4 'may come locally in contact or near contact with each other at said first intermediate opening 4D, 4D' (or even and advantageously of the second opening 4D ") under the effect of their respective weight.
Lesdites couche primaire 2, 2’, couche secondaire 3, 3’ et couche intermédiaire 4, 4’ du complexe 1 , V de l’invention étant ainsi décrites en détails, la configuration respective et l’agencement relatif de ces couches 2, 3, 4, 2’, 3’, 4’ l’une par rapport à l’autre au sein dudit complexe 1 , 1’ vont à présent être présentés plus précisément. On comprendra ainsi leurs fonctions et contributions respectives au fonctionnement du dispositif 1 , 1’ selon l’invention. Said primary layer 2, 2 ', secondary layer 3, 3' and intermediate layer 4, 4 'of the complex 1, V of the invention thus being described in detail, the respective configuration and the relative arrangement of these layers 2, 3 , 4, 2 ', 3', 4 'with respect to each other within said complex 1, 1' will now be presented more precisely. Their respective functions and contributions to the operation of the device 1, 1 'according to the invention will thus be understood.
Tel qu’illustré aux figures, ladite première portion imperméable 4A, 4A’ s’étend en regard de (c’est-à-dire face à), et de préférence à l’aplomb de, ladite première zone 3A, 3A’ de la couche secondaire 3, 3’, la projection Pr1 (orthogonale) de la première portion imperméable 4A, 4A’ dans un plan P (fictif) de projection parallèle auxdites couches secondaire 3, 3’ et intermédiaire 4, 4’ recouvrant au moins la moitié de la surface de la projection Pr2 (orthogonale) respective de la première zone 3A, 3A’ dans ce même plan de projection, pour limiter le reflux dudit liquide depuis la première zone 3A, 3A’ de la couche secondaire 3,3’ vers la couche primaire 2, 2’. Autrement dit, tel que cela ressort en particulier de la figure 4, la superficie de la zone de recouvrement Zr des projections Pr1 , Pr2 respectives des première portion imperméable 4A, 4A’ et première zone 3A, 3A’ dans le plan P est au moins égale à la moitié de la superficie de la projection Pr2 de la première zone 3A, 3A'. Cela signifie que lesdites couches secondaire 3, 3' et intermédiaire 4, 4’ sont configurées et agencées l’une par rapport à l’autre au sein du complexe 1 , 1’ de manière à ce que ladite première zone 3A, 3A’ fasse au moins majoritairement face à ladite première portion imperméable 4A, 4A\ Ainsi, ladite première zone 3A, 3A’ et ladite première portion imperméable 4A, 4A’ étant au moins majoritairement mises en correspondance selon une direction parallèle à l’axe A-A’, B-B’ orthogonal aux couches, ladite couche intermédiaire 4, 4’ rend avantageusement au moins la moitié de la surface de la première zone 3A, 3A’ inaccessible audit liquide selon une direction orthogonale aux couches secondaire 3, 3’ et intermédiaire 4, 4’. On comprend dès lors que le reflux, et en particulier le reflux « direct » (c’est-à-dire selon un trajet sensiblement linéaire et orthogonal aux couches primaire 2, 2’, secondaire 3, 3’ et intermédiaire 4, 4’), dudit liquide depuis ladite première zone 3A, 3A’ de la couche secondaire 3, 3’ vers ladite couche primaire 2, 2’, via la couche intermédiaire 4, 4’, est ainsi particulièrement contrôlé et limité. As illustrated in the figures, said first impervious portion 4A, 4A 'extends opposite (that is to say facing), and preferably in line with, said first zone 3A, 3A' of the secondary layer 3, 3 ', the projection Pr1 (orthogonal) of the first impervious portion 4A, 4A' in a plane P (fictitious) of projection parallel to said secondary layers 3, 3 'and intermediate 4, 4' covering at least the half of the area of the respective projection Pr2 (orthogonal) of the first zone 3A, 3A 'in this same projection plane, to limit the reflux of said liquid from the first zone 3A, 3A' of the secondary layer 3,3 'to the primary layer 2, 2 '. In other words, as is apparent in particular from FIG. 4, the area of the overlap zone Zr of the respective projections Pr1, Pr2 of the first impervious portion 4A, 4A 'and first zone 3A, 3A' in the plane P is at least equal to half the area of the projection Pr2 of the first zone 3A, 3A '. This means that said secondary layers 3, 3 'and intermediate 4, 4' are configured and arranged relative to each other within the complex 1, 1 'so that said first zone 3A, 3A' makes at least in the majority against the said first impervious portion 4A, 4A \ Thus, said first zone 3A, 3A 'and said first impervious portion 4A, 4A' being at least predominantly matched in a direction parallel to the axis A-A ', BB' orthogonal to the layers, said intermediate layer 4, 4 'advantageously makes at least half of the surface of the first zone 3A, 3A' inaccessible to said liquid in a direction orthogonal to the secondary layers 3, 3 'and intermediate 4, 4'. It is therefore understood that the reflux, and in particular the "direct" reflux (that is to say along a path substantially linear and orthogonal to the primary layers 2, 2 ', secondary 3, 3' and intermediate 4, 4 ' ), said liquid from said first zone 3A, 3A 'of the secondary layer 3, 3' to said primary layer 2, 2 ', via the intermediate layer 4, 4', is thus particularly controlled and limited.
De préférence, la projection Pr1 (orthogonale) de la première portion imperméable 4A, 4A’ dans ledit plan P de projection recouvre au moins 55 %, de préférence encore au moins 60 %, et de façon encore plus préférentielle au moins 80 % de la surface de la projection Pr2 (orthogonale) de la première zone 3A, 3A’ dans ce même plan P, afin d'optimiser l’effet anti-reflux recherché. Selon une variante particulièrement avantageuse, visible à la figure 6, la projection Pr1 de la première portion imperméable 4A, 4A’ dans ledit plan P parallèle auxdites couches secondaire 3, 3’ et intermédiaire 4, 4’ est confondue avec la projection Pr2 de la première zone 3A, 3A’ dans ce même plan P (recouvrement à 100 %), Ainsi, le reflux « direct » du liquide depuis la première zone 3A, 3A’ de la couche secondaire 3, 3’ vers la couche primaire 2, 2’, via la couche intermédiaire 4, 4’, est avantageusement interdit. Preferably, the projection Pr1 (orthogonal) of the first impervious portion 4A, 4A 'in said projection plane P covers at least 55%, more preferably at least 60%, and still more preferably at least 80% of the surface of the projection Pr2 (orthogonal) of the first zone 3A, 3A 'in this same plane P, in order to optimize the desired anti-reflux effect. According to a particularly advantageous variant, visible in FIG. 6, the projection Pr1 of the first impervious portion 4A, 4A 'in said plane P parallel to said secondary layers 3, 3' and intermediate 4, 4 'coincides with the projection Pr2 of the first zone 3A, 3A 'in this same plane P (100% overlap), Thus, the "direct" reflux of the liquid from the first zone 3A, 3A' of the secondary layer 3, 3 'to the primary layer 2, 2 ', via the intermediate layer 4, 4', is advantageously prohibited.
Dans le mode de réalisation préférentiel de la figure 3, tandis que ladite première portion imperméable 4A’ s’étend en regard de (et de préférence à l’aplomb de) ladite première zone 3A’, ladite troisième portion imperméable 4A” s’étend préférentiellement en regard de, et de préférence à l’aplomb de, ladite troisième zone 3A”, la projection (orthogonale) de la troisième portion imperméable 4A” dans un plan (fictif) de projection parallèle auxdites couches secondaire 3’ et intermédiaire 4’ recouvrant au moins la moitié de la surface respective des projections (orthogonales) de la première zone 3A’ et de la troisième zone 3A" dans ce même plan de projection. Compte tenu de ce qui précède, on comprend ainsi que le reflux (et en particulier le reflux « direct ») du liquide depuis chacune desdites première 3A’ et troisième 3A” zones de la couche secondaire 3’ vers ladite couche primaire 2’, via la couche intermédiaire 4’, est ainsi particulièrement contrôlé et limité. De préférence, la projection (orthogonale) de la troisième portion imperméable 4A” dans ledit plan de projection recouvre au moins 55 %, de préférence encore au moins 60%, et de façon encore plus préférentielle 80 % de la surface de la projection (orthogonales) de la troisième zone 3A" dans ce même plan. Selon une variante (non illustrée), la projection de la troisième portion imperméable 4A” dans ledit plan de projection parallèle auxdites couches secondaire 3' et intermédiaire 4’ est elle-même confondue avec la projection respective de la troisième zone 3A” dans ce même plan (recouvrement à 100 %). In the preferred embodiment of FIG. 3, while said first impervious portion 4A 'extends opposite (and preferably vertically above) said first zone 3A', said third impervious portion 4A "extends preferably facing, and preferably above, said third zone 3A ", the (orthogonal) projection of the third impermeable portion 4A" in a (fictitious) projection plane parallel to said secondary 3 'and intermediate 4' layers covering at least half of the respective surface of the (orthogonal) projections of the first zone 3A 'and the third zone 3A "in the same projection plane. particularly the "direct" reflux) of the liquid from each of said first 3A 'and third 3A "zones of the layer secondary 3 'to said primary layer 2', via the intermediate layer 4 ', is thus particularly controlled and limited. Preferably, the projection (orthogonal) of the third impervious portion 4A "in said projection plane covers at least 55%, more preferably at least 60%, and still more preferably 80% of the projection surface (orthogonal of the third zone 3A "in this same plane According to a variant (not shown), the projection of the third impervious portion 4A" in said projection plane parallel to said secondary 3 'and intermediate 4' layers is itself confused with the respective projection of the third zone 3A "in this same plane (100% covering).
Ladite couche intermédiaire 4, 4’ comprend de préférence (comme évoqué ci-avant), une deuxième portion imperméable 4C, 4C’ audit liquide. Avantageusement, cette deuxième portion imperméable 4C, 4C’ s’étend en regard de, c’est-à-dire face à, ladite deuxième zone 3B, 3B’ de la couche secondaire 3, 3’, la projection (orthogonale) de la deuxième portion imperméable 4C, 4C dans un plan (fictif) de projection parallèle auxdites couches secondaire 3, 3’ et intermédiaire 4, 4’ recouvrant au moins la moitié de la surface de la projection (orthogonale) de la deuxième zone 3B, 3B’ dans ce même plan de projection. On limite ainsi avantageusement le reflux (et en particulier le reflux « direct ») dudit liquide depuis ladite deuxième zone 3B, 3B’ vers ladite couche primaire 2, 2’. En d’autres termes, lesdites couches secondaire 3, 3’ et intermédiaire 4, 4’ sont avantageusement configurées et agencées l’une par rapport à l’autre au sein dudit complexe 1 , 1’ de manière à ce que la deuxième zone 3B, 3B’ fasse au moins majoritairement face à la deuxième portion imperméable 4C, 4C\ Ainsi, la deuxième zone 3B, 3B’ et la deuxième portion imperméable 4C, 4C’ étant au moins majoritairement mises en correspondance selon une direction parallèle à l’axe A-A’, B- B’ orthogonal aux couches, ladite couche intermédiaire 4, 4’ rend avantageusement au moins la moitié de la surface de la deuxième zone 3B, 3B’ inaccessible audit liquide selon une direction orthogonale aux couches secondaire 3, 3’ et intermédiaire 4, 4’. De préférence encore, la projection (orthogonale) de la deuxième portion imperméable 4C, 4C’ dans ledit plan de projection recouvre au moins 55 %, de préférence encore au moins 60%, voire même au moins 80 % de la surface de la projection (orthogonale) de la deuxième zone 3B, 3B’ dans ce même plan, afin de procurer un effet anti-reflux suffisant. Selon une variante, visible aux figures 1 à 3, la projection (orthogonale) de ladite première portion perméable 4B, 4B’ dans un plan (fictif) de projection parallèle auxdites couches secondaire 3, 3’ et intermédiaire 4, 4’ chevauche, c’est-à-dire recouvre simultanément et au moins partiellement, les projections (orthogonales) respectives des première 3A, 3A’ et deuxième 3B, 3B’ zones dans ce même plan de projection. Autrement dit, lesdites couches secondaire 3, 3’ et intermédiaire 4, 4’ sont conçues et agencées l’une par rapport à l’autre au sein dudit complexe 1 , 1’ pour que ladite première portion perméable 4B, 4B’ soit mise en correspondance à la fois avec une partie de la surface de la première zone 3A, 3A’ et avec une partie de la surface de la deuxième zone 3B, 3B’. Tel que cela ressort des figures, ladite première portion perméable 4B, 4B’ s'étend ainsi de préférence à la fois sous et en contact direct avec une partie de la surface de la première zone 3A, 3A' et avec une partie de la surface de la deuxième zone 3B, 3B’. Said intermediate layer 4, 4 'preferably comprises (as mentioned above), a second impermeable portion 4C, 4C' to said liquid. Advantageously, this second impervious portion 4C, 4C 'extends opposite, that is to say facing, said second zone 3B, 3B' of the secondary layer 3, 3 ', the projection (orthogonal) of the second impervious portion 4C, 4C in a plane (fictitious) of projection parallel to said secondary layers 3, 3 'and intermediate 4, 4' covering at least half of the projection surface (orthogonal) of the second zone 3B, 3B ' in this same projection plane. Advantageously, the reflux (and in particular the "direct" reflux) of said liquid from said second zone 3B, 3B 'is advantageously limited to said primary layer 2, 2'. In other words, said secondary layers 3, 3 'and intermediate 4, 4' are advantageously configured and arranged relative to one another within said complex 1, 1 'so that the second zone 3B , 3B 'is at least predominantly facing the second impervious portion 4C, 4C \ Thus, the second zone 3B, 3B' and the second impermeable portion 4C, 4C 'being at least predominantly matched in a direction parallel to the axis A-A ', B-B' orthogonal to the layers, said intermediate layer 4, 4 'advantageously makes at least half of the surface of the second zone 3B, 3B' inaccessible to said liquid in a direction orthogonal to the secondary layers 3, 3 and intermediate 4, 4 '. More preferably, the projection (orthogonal) of the second impervious portion 4C, 4C 'in said projection plane covers at least 55%, more preferably at least 60%, or even at least 80% of the surface of the projection ( orthogonal) of the second zone 3B, 3B 'in this same plane, in order to provide a sufficient anti-reflux effect. According to a variant, visible in FIGS. 1 to 3, the projection (orthogonal) of said first permeable portion 4B, 4B 'in a plane (Fictitious) projection parallel to said secondary layers 3, 3 'and intermediate 4, 4' overlaps, that is to say covers simultaneously and at least partially, the projections (orthogonal) respectively of the first 3A, 3A 'and second 3B , 3B 'zones in this same plane of projection. In other words, said secondary layers 3, 3 'and intermediate 4, 4' are designed and arranged relative to one another within said complex 1, 1 'so that said first permeable portion 4B, 4B' is set correspondence both with a portion of the surface of the first zone 3A, 3A 'and with a portion of the surface of the second zone 3B, 3B'. As is apparent from the figures, said first permeable portion 4B, 4B 'thus preferably extends both under and in direct contact with a portion of the surface of the first zone 3A, 3A' and with a portion of the surface of the second zone 3B, 3B '.
Dans le mode de réalisation préférentiel de la figure 3, dans lequel ladite couche intermédiaire 4’ comprend préférentiellement (comme évoqué ci-avant) de préférence une première 4B’ et une deuxième 4B” portions perméables distinctes l’une de l’autre, la projection (orthogonale) respective de ces première 4B' et deuxième 4B” portions perméables dans un plan (fictif) de projection parallèle aux couches chevauche avantageusement, c’est-à-dire recouvre respectivement au moins partiellement, les projections (orthogonales) des première 3A’ et deuxième 3B’ zones, et les projections (orthogonales) des troisième 3A” et deuxième 3B’ zones dans ce même plan de projection. Autrement dit, ladite première portion perméable 4B’ s’étend avantageusement à la fois en regard de, et de préférence en contact direct avec une partie de la surface de la première zone 3A’ et avec une partie de la surface de la deuxième zone 3B’. Respectivement, ladite deuxième portion perméable 4B’ s’étend avantageusement à la fois en regard de, et de préférence en contact direct avec une partie de la surface de la troisième zone 3A” et avec une partie de la surface de la deuxième zone 3B’. In the preferred embodiment of Figure 3, wherein said intermediate layer 4 'preferably comprises (as mentioned above) preferably a first 4B' and a second 4B "permeable portions distinct from one another, the projection (orthogonal) respective of these first 4B 'and second 4B "permeable portions in a plane (fictitious) projection parallel to the layers advantageously overlaps, that is to say respectively covers at least partially, projections (orthogonal) of the first 3A 'and second 3B' areas, and projections (orthogonal) of the third 3A "and second 3B 'areas in this same plane of projection. In other words, said first permeable portion 4B 'advantageously extends both facing and preferably in direct contact with a portion of the surface of the first zone 3A' and with a portion of the surface of the second zone 3B . Respectively, said second permeable portion 4B 'advantageously extends both facing, and preferably in direct contact with, a portion of the surface of the third zone 3A "and with a portion of the surface of the second zone 3B' .
De manière plus préférentielle encore, ladite première zone 3A étant avantageusement délimitée par un contour externe fermé et est entourée de manière contiguë par ladite deuxième zone 3B, et ladite première ouverture intermédiaire 4D formant avantageusement une première lumière 4D curviligne refermée sur elle-même, tel qu'envisagé ci-avant, la projection (orthogonale) dudit contour de la première zone 3A dans un plan (fictif) parallèle auxdites couches secondaire 2 et intermédiaire 4 se superpose de manière continue à la projection (orthogonale) respective de ladite première lumière 4D curviligne correspondante dans ce même plan parallèle (figure 2). En d'autres termes, lesdites couches secondaire 3 et intermédiaire 4 sont préférentiellement conçues et agencées l’une par rapport à l'autre au sein dudit complexe 1 de sorte que la projection orthogonale, dans un plan parallèle auxdites couches, de tout point du contour de la première zone 3A est contenue dans la projection orthogonale de la lumière 4D curviligne correspondante dans ce même plan. De la sorte, ladite couche intermédiaire 4 autorise avantageusement, par le bais de ladite portion perméable 4B, le passage simultané dudit liquide depuis la couche primaire 2 vers l’une et l’autre desdïtes première 3A et deuxième 3B zones de la couche secondaire 3, tandis que le reflux du liquide depuis ces première 3A et deuxième 3B zones vers la couche primaire 2 est sensiblement limité par la présence de ladite portion imperméable 4A. More preferably still, said first zone 3A being advantageously delimited by a closed external contour and is contiguously surrounded by said second zone 3B, and said first intermediate opening 4D advantageously forming a first curved 4D light closed on itself, such as envisaged above, the projection (orthogonal) of said contour of the first zone 3A in a (fictitious) plane parallel to said secondary 2 and intermediate 4 layers is continuously superimposes on the respective (orthogonal) projection of said corresponding first curved 4D light in the same parallel plane (FIG. 2). In other words, said secondary and intermediate layers 4 and 3 are preferably designed and arranged relative to one another within said complex 1 so that the orthogonal projection, in a plane parallel to said layers, of any point of the contour of the first zone 3A is contained in the orthogonal projection of the corresponding curvilinear 4D light in this same plane. In this way, said intermediate layer 4 advantageously allows, by the kiss of said permeable portion 4B, the simultaneous passage of said liquid from the primary layer 2 to both desdtes first 3A and second 3B areas of the secondary layer 3 , while the reflux of the liquid from these first 3A and second 3B zones to the primary layer 2 is substantially limited by the presence of said impermeable portion 4A.
Une configuration en tout point similaire sera avantageusement retenue s’agissant du mode de réalisation de la figure 3. Ainsi, lesdites première 3A' et troisième 3A” zones étant avantageusement chacune délimitée par un contour externe fermé et entourée de manière contiguë par ladite deuxième zone 3B’, et lesdites premières 4D’ et deuxième 4D” ouvertures intermédiaires formant respectivement une première 4D’ et une deuxième 4D” lumières curvilignes refermées sur elles-mêmes, la projection (orthogonale) respective du contour des première 3A’ et troisième 3A” zones dans un plan (fictif) parallèle auxdites couches secondaire 2, 2’ et intermédiaire 4, 4’ se superpose de manière continue à la projection (orthogonale) respective des première 4D’ et deuxième 4D" lumières curvilignes correspondantes dans ce même plan parallèle. De la sorte, la couche intermédiaire 4’ autorise avantageusement, par le bais respectivement des première 4B’ et deuxième 4B” portions perméables, le passage simultané dudit liquide depuis la couche primaire 2, 2’ vers chacune des première 3A', deuxième 3B’ et troisième 3B” zones de la couche secondaire 3', tandis que le reflux dudit liquide depuis ces dernières vers la couche primaire 2’ est sensiblement limité par la présence de ladite portion imperméable 4A’. A configuration in any similar point will advantageously be retained with respect to the embodiment of FIG. 3. Thus, said first 3A 'and third 3A "zones being advantageously each delimited by a closed external contour and contiguously surrounded by said second zone. 3B ', and said first 4D' and second 4D "intermediate openings respectively forming a first 4D 'and a second 4D" curvilinear lights closed on themselves, the respective (orthogonal) projection of the contour of the first 3A' and third 3A "areas in a plane (fictitious) parallel to said secondary layers 2, 2 'and intermediate 4, 4' is superimposed continuously on the respective (orthogonal) projection of the first 4D 'and second 4D "corresponding curvilinear lights in this same parallel plane. In this way, the intermediate layer 4 'advantageously allows, by the kiss respectively of the first 4B and second 4B "permeable portions, the simultaneous passage of said liquid from the primary layer 2, 2 'to each of the first 3A', second 3B 'and third 3B" zones of the secondary layer 3', while the reflux of said liquid from these last to the primary layer 2 'is substantially limited by the presence of said impermeable portion 4A'.
Les figures 5 et 6 illustrent une autre variante, particulièrement avantageuse. Dans cette variante, ladite projection Pr1 (orthogonale) de la première portion imperméable 4A dans ledit plan P (fictif) parallèle auxdites couches secondaire 3 et intermédiaire 4 est confondue avec la projection Pr2 de la première zone 3A dans ce même plan, comme cela a été envisagé plus haut. En outre, ladite première zone 3A est préférentiellement délimitée par un contour externe fermé et est entourée de manière contiguë par ladite deuxième zone 3B, ladite première ouverture intermédiaire 4D formant une première lumière 4D curviligne refermée sur elle-même. En revanche, à la différence de la variante évoquée ci-dessus, la projection de ladite première lumière 4D curviligne dans un plan (fictif) parallèle auxdites couches secondaire 3 et intermédiaire 4 entoure de manière contigüe la projection respective dudit contour de (a première zone 3A dans ce même pian. En d’autres termes, lesdites couches secondaire 3 et intermédiaire 4 sont préférentiellement conçues et agencées l’une par rapport à l'autre au sein dudit complexe 1 de sorte que la projection orthogonale, dans un plan parallèle auxdites couches 3, 4, de tout point du contour externe de la première zone 3A est confondue avec la projection orthogonale du contour interne de la lumière 4D curviligne correspondante dans ce même plan. Figures 5 and 6 illustrate another variant, particularly advantageous. In this variant, said projection Pr1 (orthogonal) of the first impervious portion 4A in said plane P (fictitious) parallel to said secondary layers 3 and intermediate 4 is confused with the projection Pr2 of the first zone 3A in this same plane, as was envisaged above. In addition, said first zone 3A is preferably delimited by a closed external contour and is contiguously surrounded by said second zone 3B, said first intermediate opening 4D forming a first curved 4D light closed on itself. On the other hand, unlike the variant mentioned above, the projection of said first curvilinear 4D light in a (fictitious) plane parallel to said secondary 3 and intermediate 4 layers contiguously surrounds the respective projection of said contour of the first zone. In other words, said secondary and intermediate layers 4 are preferably designed and arranged relative to each other within said complex 1 so that the orthogonal projection, in a plane parallel to said layers 3, 4, of any point of the outer contour of the first zone 3A coincides with the orthogonal projection of the inner contour of the corresponding curvilinear 4D light in this same plane.
Par analogie, cette configuration particulière pourra avantageusement être transposée au mode de réalisation de la figure 3. Ainsi, lesdites première 3A’ et troisième 3A” zones étant avantageusement chacune délimitée par un contour externe fermé et entourée de manière contiguë par ladite deuxième zone 3B’, et lesdites premières 4D’ et deuxième 4D” ouvertures intermédiaires formant respectivement une première 4D' et une deuxième 4D” lumières curvilignes refermées sur elles-mêmes, la projection (orthogonale) respective desdites première 4D’ et deuxième 4D" lumières curvilignes dans un plan parallèle auxdites couches secondaire 3’ et intermédiaire 4’ entourera alors de manière contigüe la projection respective des contours externes respectifs des première 3A’ et troisième 3A’’ zones dans ce même plan. By analogy, this particular configuration may advantageously be transposed to the embodiment of FIG. 3. Thus, said first 3A 'and third 3A "zones being advantageously each delimited by a closed external contour and contiguously surrounded by said second zone 3B' , and said first 4D 'and second 4D "intermediate apertures respectively forming a first 4D' and a second 4D" curvilinear lights closed on themselves, the respective (orthogonal) projection of said first 4D 'and second 4D "curvilinear lights in a plane parallel to said secondary 3 'and intermediate 4' layers will then contiguously surround the respective projection of the respective outer contours of the first 3A 'and third 3A' 'areas in this same plane.
Ainsi, la première portion perméable 4B (alternativement la première portion perméable 4B’, ainsi que de préférence la deuxième portion perméable 4B”) sera avantageusement agencée en regard uniquement de ladite deuxième zone 3B (respectivement de ladite deuxième zone 3B’). Thus, the first permeable portion 4B (alternatively the first permeable portion 4B ', and preferably the second permeable portion 4B ") will advantageously be arranged facing only said second zone 3B (respectively of said second zone 3B').
Une configuration selon une telle variante permet d’obtenir un très bon compromis entre, d’une part, une certaine limitation de la progression du liquide depuis la couche primaire 2, 2’ vers la première zone 3A, 3A’ (voire également vers la troisième zone 3A”) de la couche secondaire 3, 3’, en raison de l'absence d’accès direct à ladite première zone 3A, 3A’ et, d’autre part, une maîtrise optimale de la problématique du reflux dudit liquide depuis la première zone 3A, 3A’ (voire de la troisième zone 3A”) vers la couche primaire 2, 2’. A configuration according to such a variant makes it possible to obtain a very good compromise between, on the one hand, a certain limitation of the progression of the liquid from the primary layer 2, 2 'towards the first zone 3A, 3A' (or also towards the third zone 3A ") of the secondary layer 3, 3 ', because of the lack of direct access to said first zone 3A, 3A' and, secondly, optimal control of the problem of the reflux of said liquid since the first zone 3A, 3A '(or even the third zone 3A ") to the primary layer 2, 2'.
De préférence, selon le mode de réalisation préférentiel de la figure 2, ladite portion perméable 4B de la couche intermédiaire 4 est positionnée sensiblement en regard, et de préférence à l’aplomb, de la zone préférentielle de collecte 2B. Selon le mode de réalisation préférentiel de la figure 3, les première 4B’ et deuxième 4B" portions perméables de la couche intermédiaire 4’ sont de préférence respectivement positionnées sensiblement en regard, et de préférence à l'aplomb, de la première 2B’ et de la deuxième 2B” zones préférentielles de collecte. Cela signifie que la couche primaire 2, 2’ et la couche intermédiaire 4, 4’ sont, quant à elles, avantageusement configurées et agencées l’une par rapport de l’autre de telle sorte que la première portion perméable 4B (alternativement les première 4B’ et deuxième 4B” portions perméables) et la zone préférentielle de collecte 2B (respectivement les première 2B’ et deuxième 2B” zones préférentielles de collectes) sont mises en correspondance (respectivement deux à deux) selon une direction parallèle à l’axe A-A’, B-B’ orthogonal aux couches. Ainsi, seule la partie dudit liquide imprégnant la couche primaire 2, 2’ qui se trouve au niveau de la (ou des) zone(s) préférentïelle(s) de collecte 2B, 2B’, 2B” de la couche primaire 2, 2’ est susceptible d’être collectée et de traverser ladite couche intermédiaire 4, 4’ en direction de ladite couche secondaire 3, 3’. Preferably, according to the preferred embodiment of Figure 2, said permeable portion 4B of the intermediate layer 4 is positioned substantially facing, and preferably in line with, the preferred area of collection 2B. According to the preferred embodiment of FIG. 3, the first 4B 'and second 4B "permeable portions of the intermediate layer 4' are preferably respectively positioned substantially facing, and preferably in line with, the first 2B 'and This means that the primary layer 2, 2 'and the intermediate layer 4, 4' are, for their part, advantageously configured and arranged relative to each other in such a way that that the first permeable portion 4B (alternatively the first 4B 'and second 4B "permeable portions) and the preferential collection zone 2B (respectively the first 2B' and second 2B" preferential collection zones) are matched (respectively two by two) ) in a direction parallel to the axis A-A ', B-B' orthogonal to the layers Thus, only the part of said liquid impregnating the primary layer 2, 2 which is located at the preferred collection area (s) 2B, 2B ', 2B "of the primary layer 2, 2' is capable of being collected and traversing said intermediate layer 4 , 4 'towards said secondary layer 3, 3'.
Le complexe 1 , 1’ selon l’invention comprend en outre une couche barrière s, 5’ qui recouvre, de préférence intégralement, ladite couche secondaire 3, 3’. Tel qu’illustré aux figures, cette couche barrière 5, 5’ est avantageusement positionnée en regard, et de préférence à l’aplomb, de la couche secondaire 3, 3’, de sorte qu’elle constitue l’une des couches les plus superficielles dudit complexe 1 , T. De fait, la couche secondaire 3, 3’ est donc avantageusement interposée entre ladite couche barrière 5, 5’ et la couche intermédiaire 4, 4’. Cette couche barrière 5, 5' est sensiblement imperméable audit liquide, de sorte que lorsque ce dernier a atteint la couche secondaire 3, 3’, en provenance de la couche primaire 2, 2’ et via la couche intermédiaire 4, 4’, il ne peut avantageusement fuir, s’écouler, hors du complexe 1 , T vers le milieu extérieur audit complexe 1 , T selon une direction sécante avec le plan d’extension moyen de ladite couche barrière 5, 5’. Avantageusement, ladite couche barrière 5, 5’ est également imperméable à l’eau liquide (dans la mesure où ledit liquide n’est pas lui-même un liquide aqueux), afin d’empêcher tout passage d’eau depuis le milieu extérieur au complexe 1 , 1’ vers l’intérieur de ce dernier par l'intermédiaire de ladite couche barrière 5, 5’. De préférence, ladite couche barrière 5, 5’ est en revanche perméable à l'air, et en particulier au dioxygène et à la vapeur d’eau contenus dans l’air ambiant, de sorte qu’elle est avantageusement « respirante ». De préférence encore, ladite couche barrière 5, 5’ est transparente à la lumière visible, c’est-à-dire que le matériau qui forme la couche barrière 5, 5’ est sensiblement translucide, ce qui permet avantageusement d’observer, à travers ladite couche barrière 5, 5’, l’aspect de la couche secondaire 3, 3’ sous-jacente et, en particulier, de la première zone 3A, 3A’ (voire également et avantageusement de la troisième zone 3A”) de cette dernière, à travers ladite couche barrière 5, 5’. De préférence, ladite couche barrière 5, 5’ est formée d’un film barrière 5A, 5A’ en matériau souple, par exemple en polyuréthane mîcroporeux. Selon le matériau employé, l’épaisseur moyenne de la couche barrière 5, 5’ pourra par exemple être sensiblement comprise entre 20 et 50 pm. The complex 1, 1 'according to the invention further comprises a barrier layer s, 5' which covers, preferably integrally, said secondary layer 3, 3 '. As illustrated in the figures, this barrier layer 5, 5 'is advantageously positioned opposite, and preferably perpendicular to, the secondary layer 3, 3', so that it constitutes one of the most In fact, the secondary layer 3, 3 'is therefore advantageously interposed between said barrier layer 5, 5' and the intermediate layer 4, 4 '. This barrier layer 5, 5 'is substantially impervious to said liquid, so that when the latter has reached the secondary layer 3, 3', from the primary layer 2, 2 'and via the intermediate layer 4, 4', it can not advantageously leak, flow out of the complex 1, T to the outside of said complex 1, T in a secant direction with the plane mean extension of said barrier layer 5, 5 '. Advantageously, said barrier layer 5, 5 'is also impermeable to liquid water (insofar as said liquid is not itself an aqueous liquid), in order to prevent any passage of water from the external environment to the water. complex 1, 1 'inwardly of the latter through said barrier layer 5, 5'. Preferably, said barrier layer 5, 5 'is however permeable to air, and in particular oxygen and water vapor contained in the ambient air, so that it is advantageously "breathable". More preferably, said barrier layer 5, 5 'is transparent to visible light, that is to say that the material which forms the barrier layer 5, 5' is substantially translucent, which advantageously makes it possible to observe, at through said barrier layer 5, 5 ', the appearance of the underlying secondary layer 3, 3' and, in particular, of the first zone 3A, 3A '(or even advantageously of the third zone 3A ") of this last, through said barrier layer 5, 5 '. Preferably, said barrier layer 5, 5 'is formed of a barrier film 5A, 5A' of flexible material, for example of microporous polyurethane. Depending on the material used, the average thickness of the barrier layer 5, 5 'may for example be substantially between 20 and 50 pm.
La couche barrière 5, 5' pourra être assemblée, agencée, à recouvrement sur la couche secondaire 3, 3’ en contact direct avec cette dernière ou bien éventuellement à l’aide d’une sous-couche d’adhésion 6, 6’, continue ou non, et interposée entre ladite couche secondaire 3, 3' et ladite couche barrière 5, 5’. Cette sous-couche d’adhésion 6, 6’ sera préférentiellement formée d’un film 6A, 6A’ mince d’un matériau adhésif (par exemple un adhésif sensible à la pression (PSA), par exemple à base de caoutchouc ou de silicone). Avantageusement, une telle sous-couche 6, 6’ sera alors elle-même choisie perméable à l’air (par exemple sous la forme d’un film mince discontinu ou microperforé) et transparente, et éventuellement imperméable audit liquide. Dans le cas préférentiel, évoqué ci-avant, où ladite couche secondaire 3, 3’ n’est pas formée d’un seul tenant, mais consiste au contraire en un assemblage surfacique de pièces secondaire 3C, 3C et tertiaires 3E, 3E’, 3E” surfaciques distinctes, ladite couche barrière 5, 5’ (et, de préférence, ladite sous-couche d’adhésion 6 , 6’) permettra avantageusement de maintenir l’agencement relatif desdites pièces secondaire 3C, 3C’ et tertiaires 3E, 3E’, 3E” De préférence, comme illustré aux figures, le complexe 1 , l ' multicouche comprend en outre une couche de transfert 7, T perméable audit liquide. Disposée parallèlement en regard, et de préférence à l'aplomb, de ladite couche primaire 2, 2’, et de manière opposée à ladite couche intermédiaire 4, 4’ par rapport à ladite couche primaire 2, 2’, cette couche de transfert 7, T permet le passage dudit liquide en provenance du milieu extérieur audit complexe vers ladite couche primaire 2, 2’. Ladite couche de transfert 7, T constitue de préférence une couche superficielle dudit complexe 1 , V, opposée à ladite couche barrière 5, 5’. De préférence, ladite couche de transfert 7, 7’ est formée d’une nappe grillagée 7A, 7A’, de préférence en matériau polymère, par exemple en silicone (par exemple de type silicone liquide (LSR)), et dont la taille moyenne des mailles confère à ladite couche de transfert 7, 7’ son caractère de perméabilité audit liquide. Par exemple, l’épaisseur de la couche de transfert 7, 7’ est sensiblement comprise entre 0,01 et 0,5 mm. The barrier layer 5, 5 'can be assembled, arranged, overlapped on the secondary layer 3, 3' in direct contact with the latter or optionally with the aid of an adhesion sub-layer 6, 6 ', continuous or not, and interposed between said secondary layer 3, 3 'and said barrier layer 5, 5'. This adhesion sub-layer 6, 6 'will preferably be formed of a thin film 6A, 6A' of an adhesive material (for example a pressure-sensitive adhesive (PSA), for example based on rubber or silicone ). Advantageously, such an underlayer 6, 6 'will itself be chosen to be permeable to air (for example in the form of a discontinuous or microperforated thin film) and transparent, and possibly impervious to said liquid. In the preferred case, mentioned above, where said secondary layer 3, 3 'is not formed integrally, but instead consists of a surface assembly of secondary parts 3C, 3C and tertiary 3E, 3E', 3E "distinct surface, said barrier layer 5, 5 '(and, preferably, said adhesion sub-layer 6, 6') advantageously allow to maintain the relative arrangement of said secondary parts 3C, 3C 'and tertiary 3E, 3E ', 3E " Preferably, as illustrated in the figures, the complex 1, the multilayer further comprises a transfer layer 7, T permeable to said liquid. Arranged in parallel opposite, and preferably vertically, said primary layer 2, 2 ', and opposite to said intermediate layer 4, 4' relative to said primary layer 2, 2 ', this transfer layer 7 , T allows the passage of said liquid from the medium outside said complex to said primary layer 2, 2 '. Said transfer layer 7, T preferably constitutes a surface layer of said complex 1, V, opposite said barrier layer 5, 5 '. Preferably, said transfer layer 7, 7 'is formed of a wire mesh 7A, 7A', preferably made of a polymer material, for example made of silicone (for example of the liquid silicone type (LSR)), and whose average size mesh gives said transfer layer 7, 7 'its character of permeability to said liquid. For example, the thickness of the transfer layer 7, 7 'is substantially between 0.01 and 0.5 mm.
De manière avantageuse, ladite couche barrière 5, 5’ et, de préférence également ladite sous-couche d’adhésion 6, 6’, pourront avantageusement former des couches de superficie (aire) supérieure aux superficies respectives desdites couches primaire 2, 2’, secondaire 3, 3’, intermédiaire 4, 4' et couche de transfert 7, 7’. Cela signifie que, lesdites couches 3, 4, 5, 7, 3’, 4’, 5’, 7' et sous-couche 6, 6’ étant assemblées par empilement pour former ledit complexe 1, 1’ multicouche, les bords respectifs desdites couche barrière 5, 5’ et sous-couche d’adhésion 6, 6’ s’étendront au-delà des bords respectifs des couches primaire 2, 2’, secondaire 3, 3’, intermédiaire 4, 4’ et couche de transfert 7, 7’. De la sorte, il sera avantageusement possible de plaquer et maintenir fermement en position ledit complexe 1 , 1’ contre un support « émetteur » dudit liquide, par l’intermédiaire des bords respectifs desdites couche barrière 5, 5’ et sous-couche d’adhésion 6, 6’, ladite couche de transfert 7, 7’ venant en contact surfacique direct avec ledit support. Advantageously, said barrier layer 5, 5 'and, preferably also said adhesion sub-layer 6, 6', may advantageously form layers of area (area) greater than the respective areas of said primary layers 2, 2 ', secondary 3, 3 ', intermediate 4, 4' and transfer layer 7, 7 '. This means that, said layers 3, 4, 5, 7, 3 ', 4', 5 ', 7' and sub-layer 6, 6 'being assembled by stacking to form said complex 1, 1' multilayer, the respective edges said barrier layer 5, 5 'and adhesion sub-layer 6, 6' extend beyond the respective edges of the primary layers 2, 2 ', secondary 3, 3', intermediate 4, 4 'and transfer layer 7, 7 '. In this way, it will advantageously be possible to press and firmly hold said complex 1, 1 'against an "emitter" support of said liquid, via the respective edges of said barrier layer 5, 5' and underlayer. adhesion 6, 6 ', said transfer layer 7, 7' coming into direct surface contact with said support.
Optionnellement, ladite première zone 3A, 3A' (voire alternativement, ou de préférence également, ladite troisième zone 3A”) de la couche secondaire 3, 3' pourra comporter un dispositif de détection 3F, 3F', 3F”, de mesure ou de caractérisation d’une caractéristique (pH, température, etc.) ou d’un élément constitutif (espèce ionique, bactérie, virus, etc.) dudit liquide. Un tel dispositif de détection 3F, 3F’, 3F” pourra, par exemple, se présenter sous la forme d’un dispositif électronique de type capteur ou d’une « pastille » d’une substance chimique réactive adéquate (réactif coloré, etc.). De préférence, ledit dispositif de détection 3F, 3F’, 3F", de mesure ou de caractérisation sera agencé à la surface (et de préférence, au moins en partie dans l’épaisseur) de ladite première zone 3A, 3A’ (voire alternativement ou de préférence également de la troisième zone 3A”) (figure 1). Plus précisément, ladite première zone 3A, 3A’ présentant de préférence une surface « inférieure », destinée à venir en regard de ladite couche intermédiaire 4, 4’ et une surface « supérieure » opposée, destinée à venir en regard de ladite couche barrière 5, 5’ (ou de ladite sous-couche d’adhésion 6, 6’), ledit dispositif de détection 3F, 3F’, 3F”, de mesure ou de caractérisation sera avantageusement agencé au voisinage de ladite surface « supérieure » (et de préférence, au moins en partie dans l’épaisseur de ladite première 3A, 3A’ et / ou troisième 3A” zones). De manière encore plus préférentielle, ladite première zone 3A, 3A’ (voire également et avantageusement ladite troisième zone 3A”) étant délimitée par un contour externe fermé, ledit dispositif de détection 3F, 3F’, 3F”, de mesure ou de caractérisation sera avantageusement positionné à distance dudit contour externe, de préférence sensiblement au centre de ladite première zone 3A, 3A’ (voire également et avantageusement ladite troisième zone 3A”). Ainsi, lorsque ledit liquide atteint ladite première zone 3A, 3A’, le dispositif de détection 3F, 3F’, 3F”, de mesure ou de caractérisation est alors avantageusement entouré par ledit liquide imprégnant la première zone 3A, 3A’, de sorte qu’il vient en contact avec ledit liquide de manière sensiblement homogène selon toute sa périphérie. Optionally, said first zone 3A, 3A '(or alternatively, or preferably also, said third zone 3A ") of the secondary layer 3, 3' may comprise a detection device 3F, 3F ', 3F", measurement or characterization of a characteristic (pH, temperature, etc.) or of a constituent element (ionic species, bacterium, virus, etc.) of said liquid. Such a detection device 3F, 3F ', 3F "may, for example, be in the form of an electronic device of sensor type or a "pellet" of a suitable reactive chemical (colored reagent, etc.). Preferably, said detection device 3F, 3F ', 3F ", measurement or characterization will be arranged on the surface (and preferably at least partly in the thickness) of said first zone 3A, 3A' (alternatively or preferably also of the third zone 3A ") (FIG. 1) More precisely, said first zone 3A, 3A 'preferably having a" lower "surface, designed to face said intermediate layer 4, 4' and a opposite "top" surface intended to come opposite said barrier layer 5, 5 '(or said adhesion sub-layer 6, 6'), said detection device 3F, 3F ', 3F ", measuring or The characterization system will advantageously be arranged in the vicinity of said "upper" surface (and preferably at least in part in the thickness of said first 3A, 3A 'and / or third 3A "zones.) Even more preferably, said first zone 3A, 3A '(or even t and advantageously said third zone 3A ") being delimited by a closed external contour, said detection device 3F, 3F ', 3F", measurement or characterization will advantageously be positioned at a distance from said outer contour, preferably substantially in the center of said first zone 3A, 3A '(and also and advantageously said third zone 3A "). Thus, when said liquid reaches said first zone 3A, 3A ', the detection device 3F, 3F', 3F ", measurement or characterization is then advantageously surrounded by said liquid impregnating the first zone 3A, 3A ', so that it comes into contact with said liquid in a substantially homogeneous manner along its entire periphery.
Dans le mode de réalisation préférentiel de la figure 3, lesdites première 3A’ et troisième 3A” zones comportent de préférence respectivement un dispositif de détection 3F’, 3F”, de mesure ou de caractérisation différent. Ainsi chacun de ces dispositifs 3F’, 3F” de pourra avantageusement détecter, mesurer ou caractériser au moins une caractéristique ou un élément constitutif différent dudit liquide. In the preferred embodiment of FIG. 3, said first 3A 'and third 3A "zones preferably respectively comprise a detection device 3F', 3F", of different measurement or characterization. Thus each of these devices 3F ', 3F "can advantageously detect, measure or characterize at least one characteristic or a constituent element different from said liquid.
Puisque ladite première zone 3A, 3A’ (voire également et avantageusement ladite troisième zone 3A”) fait avantageusement au moins majoritairement face à ladite première portion imperméable 4A, 4A’, de sorte que ladite couche intermédiaire 4, 4’ rend au moins la moitié de la surface de la première zone 3A, 3A’ (voire également et avantageusement ladite troisième zone 3A”) inaccessible audit liquide selon une direction orthogonale aux couches secondaire 3, 3’ et intermédiaire 4, 4', on comprend dès lors que ledit dispositif de détection 3F, 3F’, 3F" sera lui-même majoritairement (voire même totalement) inaccessible audit liquide selon une direction orthogonale aux couches secondaire 3, 3’ et intermédiaire 4, 4’ Par conséquent, le risque de reflux (et en particulier de reflux « direct ») dudit liquide depuis le point de ladite première zone 3A, 3A’ (voire également et avantageusement ladite troisième zone 3A”) au niveau de laquelle est positionné ledit dispositif de détection 3F, 3F’, 3F”, vers la couche primaire 2, 2’, est particulièrement faible. Ceci permet d’assurer le fonctionnement optimal dudit dispositif de détection 3F, 3F’, 3F". En particulier, lorsque ledit dispositif de détection 3F, 3F', 3F” inclut une substance chimique potentiellement soluble dans ledit liquide, on évite ainsi au moins en partie l’élution et la dispersion de ladite substance en direction de ladite couche primaire 2, 2’, voire vers ledit support « émetteur » dudit liquide en contact duquel est placé le complexe 1 , 1’. Since said first zone 3A, 3A '(or even advantageously also said third zone 3A ") advantageously at least mainly faces said first impervious portion 4A, 4A', so that said intermediate layer 4, 4 'makes at least half of the surface of the first zone 3A, 3A '(or even and advantageously said third zone 3A ") inaccessible to said liquid in a direction orthogonal to the secondary layers 3, 3' and intermediate 4, 4 ', it is understood since said detection device 3F, 3F ', 3F "will itself be mainly (or even totally) inaccessible to said liquid in a direction orthogonal to the secondary layers 3, 3' and intermediate 4, 4 'Therefore, the risk of reflux (and in particular "direct" reflux) of said liquid from the point of said first zone 3A, 3A '(or even and advantageously said third zone 3A ") at which said detection device 3F, 3F' is positioned, 3F "towards the primary layer 2, 2 'is particularly weak, which makes it possible to ensure optimum operation of said detection device 3F, 3F', 3F". In particular, when said detection device 3F, 3F ', 3F "includes a chemical substance potentially soluble in said liquid, at least part of the elution and dispersion of said substance in the direction of said primary layer 2, 2 is thus avoided. 'or even towards said "emitter" support of said liquid in contact with which the complex 1, 1' is placed.
Avantageusement, et en particulier dans le cas où le complexe 1 , l ' met en oeuvre un dispositif de détection 3F, 3F’, 3F” comprenant une substance réactive poudreuse, ledit complexe 1 , 1’ pourra également comprendre une couche intercalaire supplémentaire (non illustrée) qui sera interposée entre les couches intermédiaire 4, 4’ et secondaire 3, 3’, et plus précisément au moins entre ladite première zone 3A, 3A’ et ladite une première portion imperméable 4A, 4A’ (voire alternativement ou de préférence également au moins entre ladite troisième zone 3A” et ladite troisième portion imperméable 4A”). De préférence, cette couche intercalaire supplémentaire sera formée d’un film mince en matière plastique dont la face orientée en regard de la couche secondaire 3, 3’ sera préférentiellement encollée d’un matériau adhésif non susceptible de réagir avec ladite substance réactive poudreuse. Elle permettra de limiter encore le risque de reflux « direct » du liquide, tout en s’opposant à la migration de ladite substance réactive vers la couche intermédiaire 4, 4’. Advantageously, and particularly in the case where the complex 1, uses a detection device 3F, 3F ', 3F "comprising a powdery reactive substance, said complex 1, 1' may also comprise an additional interlayer (not illustrated) which will be interposed between the intermediate layers 4, 4 'and secondary 3, 3', and more precisely at least between said first zone 3A, 3A 'and said first impervious portion 4A, 4A' (alternatively or preferably also at least between said third zone 3A "and said third impermeable portion 4A"). Preferably, this additional intermediate layer will be formed of a thin plastic film whose face facing the secondary layer 3, 3 'will preferably be glued with an adhesive material not likely to react with said powdery reactive substance. It will further limit the risk of "direct" reflux of the liquid, while opposing the migration of said reactive substance to the intermediate layer 4, 4 '.
Toujours dans le cas optionnel où ladite première zone 3A, 3A’ (voire alternativement ou de préférence également ladite troisième zone 3A”) de la couche secondaire 3, 3’ comporte un dispositif de détection 3F, 3F’, 3F”, la sous-couche 6, 6’ pourra éventuellement être conçue et configurée pour ne s’étendre en regard que de la seule deuxième zone 3B, 3B'. On évitera ainsi tout éventuel risque de perturbation du fonctionnement dudit dispositif de détection 3F, 3F’, 3F” par le matériau de la sous- couche 6, 6'. Ceci étant exposé, le fonctionnement préférentiel du complexe 1 , 1’ multicouche de l’invention va être à présent décrit succinctement, en référence aux modes de réalisation préférentiels illustrés aux figures 2 et 3, de manière à bien mettre en évidence le chemin (illustré aux figures sous forme de flèches) emprunté par ledit liquide à travers les différentes couches dudit complexe 1 , 1’ lors de sa manipulation par ce dernier. Still in the optional case where said first zone 3A, 3A '(or alternatively or preferably also said third zone 3A ") of the secondary layer 3, 3' comprises a detection device 3F, 3F ', 3F", the layer 6, 6 'may optionally be designed and configured to extend facing only the only second zone 3B, 3B'. This avoids any risk of disruption of the operation of said detection device 3F, 3F ', 3F "by the material of the underlayer 6, 6'. That being said, the preferential operation of the complex 1, 1 'multilayer of the invention will now be described briefly, with reference to the preferred embodiments illustrated in FIGS. 2 and 3, so as to highlight the path (illustrated in the form of arrows) borrowed by said liquid through the different layers of said complex 1, 1 'during its handling by the latter.
Dans un premier temps, un liquide donné est mis en contact avec la couche de transfert 7, 7’. Cette dernière étant perméable audit liquide, celui-ci progresse selon une direction moyenne sensiblement orthogonale à ladite couche de transfert ?, 7’ (c’est-à- dire de préférence selon l’axe A-A’, B-B’ des figures 2 et 3) jusqu'à atteindre la couche primaire 2, 2’, qui est positionnée au-dessus et à l’aplomb de ladite couche de transfert 7, 7’, en contact direct avec cette dernière. Là, ledit liquide est alors avantageusement dirigé, selon une direction sensiblement parallèle au plan d’extension primaire de la couche primaire 2, 2', grâce aux éléments barrières 2C, 2C, vers la ou les zone(s) de collecte préférentielle 2B, 2B’, 2B” de la couche primaire 2, 2’. Puis, ledit liquide traverse la couche intermédiaire 4, 4’, qui est agencée au-dessus et à l'aplomb de ladite couche primaire 1 , V et en contact direct avec cette dernière, via la ou les portion(s) perméable(s) 4B, 4B’, 4B” de la couche intermédiaire 4, 4’, selon une direction moyenne sensiblement orthogonale à ladite couche intermédiaire 4, 4’, jusqu’à atteindre la couche secondaire 3, 3', de préférence au niveau de la jonction desdites première 3A, 3A' et deuxième 3B, 3B’ zones (voire également et avantageusement au niveau de la jonction desdites troisième 3A" et deuxième 3B' zones) de cette dernière. Enfin, une fois ladite couche secondaire 3, 3’ atteinte, ledit liquide se déplace prioritairement et majoritairement en volume selon une direction sensiblement parallèle au plan d’extension secondaire de la couche secondaire 3, 3’ vers ladite première zone 3A (voire avantageusement également vers ladite troisième zone 3A”). Optionnellement, ledit liquide se déplace alors, en particulier, depuis le contour de la première zone 3A, 3A’ jusqu’audit dispositif de détection 3F, 3F’, de mesure ou de caractérisation (voire avantageusement également depuis le contour de la troisième zone 3A” jusqu’audit dispositif de détection 3F”, de mesure ou de caractérisation). In a first step, a given liquid is brought into contact with the transfer layer 7, 7 '. The latter being permeable to said liquid, it progresses in a mean direction substantially orthogonal to said transfer layer, 7 '(that is to say preferably along the axis A-A', B-B 'of the Figures 2 and 3) to reach the primary layer 2, 2 ', which is positioned above and in line with said transfer layer 7, 7', in direct contact with the latter. Here, said liquid is then advantageously directed in a direction substantially parallel to the primary extension plane of the primary layer 2, 2 ', thanks to the barrier elements 2C, 2C, towards the preferred collection zone or zones 2B, 2B ', 2B "of the primary layer 2, 2'. Then, said liquid passes through the intermediate layer 4, 4 ', which is arranged above and in line with said primary layer 1, V and in direct contact with the latter, via the permeable portion (s) (s). ) 4B, 4B ', 4B "of the intermediate layer 4, 4', in a mean direction substantially orthogonal to said intermediate layer 4, 4 ', until reaching the secondary layer 3, 3', preferably at the level of the junction of said first 3A, 3A 'and second 3B, 3B' areas (or even and advantageously at the junction of said third 3A "and second 3B 'areas) thereof, Finally, once said secondary layer 3, 3' reached said liquid moves primarily and predominantly in volume in a direction substantially parallel to the secondary extension plane of the secondary layer 3, 3 'to said first zone 3A (or advantageously also to said third zone 3A "). The liquid then moves, in particular, from the contour of the first zone 3A, 3A 'to said detection device 3F, 3F', measurement or characterization (or advantageously also from the contour of the third zone 3A "until '3F detection device audit, measurement or characterization).
Au fur et à mesure que ladite première zone 3A, 3A’ (voire avantageusement également ladite troisième zone 3A”) absorbe dudit liquide, le liquide qui continue d’affluer en provenance de ta couche primaire 2, 2’ atteint ta couche secondaire 3, 3’ et s'y déplace alors majoritairement en volume selon une direction sensiblement parallèle au plan d’extension secondaire de la couche secondaire 3, 3’ vers ladite deuxième zone 3B, 3B\ Ce déplacement majoritaire du liquide depuis la couche primaire 2 vers la première zone 3A, 3A’ (voire avantageusement également vers la troisième zone 3A”) puis vers la deuxième zone 3B, 3B’ de la couche secondaire 3, 3’ est avantageusement facilité par la différence de capacité et de vitesse d’absorption respectives desdites couche primaire 2, 2’, première zone 3A, 3A’ et deuxième zone 3B, 3B’. En revanche, le reflux, et en particulier le reflux « direct », c’est-à-dire selon une direction moyenne sensiblement orthogonale aux couches primaire 2, 2’ et secondaire 3, 3’ dudit liquide depuis ladite première zone 3A, 3A’ (voire avantageusement également depuis la troisième zone 3A”) de la couche secondaire 3 est fortement limité du fait de la construction particulière dudit complexe 1 , 1’ ci-dessus exposée. As said first zone 3A, 3A '(or advantageously also said third zone 3A ") absorbs said liquid, the liquid which continues to flow in from the primary layer 2, 2 'reaches the secondary layer 3, 3' and then moves in bulk in a direction substantially parallel to the secondary extension plane of the secondary layer 3, 3 'towards said second zone 3B This major displacement of the liquid from the primary layer 2 to the first zone 3A, 3A '(or even advantageously also to the third zone 3A ") and then to the second zone 3B, 3B' of the secondary layer 3, 3 'is advantageously facilitated by the difference in capacity and respective absorption speed of said primary layer 2, 2 ', first zone 3A, 3A' and second zone 3B, 3B '. On the other hand, the reflux, and in particular the "direct" reflux, that is to say in a mean direction substantially orthogonal to the primary layers 2, 2 'and secondary 3, 3' of said liquid from said first zone 3A, 3A (or advantageously also from the third zone 3A ") of the secondary layer 3 is greatly limited because of the particular construction of said complex 1, 1 'above exposed.
On notera en outre que, lorsque lesdites première 3A, 3A’ (voire avantageusement également ladite troisième zone 3A”) et deuxième 3B, 3B’ zones sont avantageusement choisies contigües, et ladite deuxième zone 3B, 3B’ entourant ladite première zone 3A, 3A’ (voire avantageusement également ladite troisième zone 3A”), la présence d’une quantité plus importante de liquide dans ladite deuxième zone 3B, 3B’ que dans ladite première zone 3A, 3A’ (voire avantageusement également dans ladite troisième zone 3A”) tend également à empêcher (ou en tout cas, à limiter fortement) tout déplacement dudit liquide de la première zone 3A, 3A’ (voire avantageusement également de ladite troisième zone 3A”) vers la deuxième zone 3B, 3B\ It will further be noted that when said first 3A, 3A '(or advantageously also said third zone 3A' ') and second 3B, 3B' zones are advantageously chosen contiguous, and said second zone 3B, 3B 'surrounding said first zone 3A, 3A (or advantageously also said third zone 3A "), the presence of a larger quantity of liquid in said second zone 3B, 3B 'than in said first zone 3A, 3A' (or advantageously also in said third zone 3A") also tends to prevent (or in any case to greatly limit) any displacement of said liquid from the first zone 3A, 3A '(or advantageously also from said third zone 3A ") to the second zone 3B, 3B \
L’invention concerne également, en tant que tel, un procédé de fabrication d’un complexe 1 , 1’ multicouche pour la manipulation d’un liquide (de préférence aqueux), lequel complexe 1 , 1’ multicouche est avantageusement conforme à la description qui en a été faite ci-dessus. Par conséquent, la description qui précède en relation avec le complexe 1 , 1’ multicouche s’applique mutatis mutandis au présent procédé de fabrication. Dans le procédé de l’invention, on réalise ainsi un assemblage comprenant au moins une couche primaire 2, 2’ destinée à venir, de préférence prioritairement, en contact avec ledit liquide. Ledit assemblage, réalisé selon le procédé de l’invention, comprend également au moins : - une couche secondaire 3, 3’, réalisée d’un seul tenant ou non, et qui comprend elle- même des première 3A, 3A’ et deuxième 3B, 3B’ zones, lesdites première 3A, 3A’ (voire également et avantageusement, troisième 3A”) et deuxième 3B, 3B' zones étant distinctes et présentant chacune un comportement respectif différent au contact dudit liquide ; The invention also relates, as such, to a method of manufacturing a complex 1, 1 'multilayer for handling a liquid (preferably aqueous), which complex 1, 1' multilayer is advantageously in accordance with the description which has been made above. Therefore, the foregoing description in relation to the multilayer complex 1, 1 'applies mutatis mutandis to the present method of manufacture. In the method of the invention, an assembly is thus made comprising at least one primary layer 2, 2 'intended to come, preferably preferably, in contact with said liquid. Said assembly, produced according to the method of the invention, also comprises at least: a secondary layer 3, 3 ', made in one piece or not, and which itself comprises first 3A, 3A' and second 3B, 3B 'zones, said first 3A, 3A' (or even and advantageously, third 3A ") and second 3B, 3B 'zones being distinct and each having a respective different behavior in contact with said liquid;
- une couche intermédiaire 4, 4’, qui est interposée entre lesdites couches primaire 2, 2' et secondaire 3, 3’, et qui comprend elle-même au moins une première portion imperméable 4A, 4A’ audit liquide et au moins une première portion perméable 4B, 4B’ permettant le passage dudit liquide en provenance de la couche primaire 2, 2' vers la couche secondaire 3, 3’, ladite première portion imperméable 4A, 4A’ s’étendant en regard de ladite première zone 3A, 3A’, la projection de la première portion imperméable 4A, 4A’ dans un plan parallèle auxdites couches secondaire 3, 3’ et intermédiaire 4, 4' recouvrant au moins la moitié de la surface de la projection de la première zone 3A, 3A’ dans ce même plan, pour limiter le reflux dudit liquide depuis ladite première zone 3A, 3A’ vers ladite couche primaire 2, 2’, et  an intermediate layer 4, 4 ', which is interposed between said primary layers 2, 2' and secondary 3, 3 ', and which itself comprises at least a first impermeable portion 4A, 4A' to said liquid and at least a first permeable portion 4B, 4B 'allowing passage of said liquid from the primary layer 2, 2' to the secondary layer 3, 3 ', said first impermeable portion 4A, 4A' extending opposite said first zone 3A, 3A ', the projection of the first impervious portion 4A, 4A' in a plane parallel to said secondary layers 3, 3 'and intermediate 4, 4' covering at least half of the area of the projection of the first zone 3A, 3A 'in this same plane, for limiting the reflux of said liquid from said first zone 3A, 3A 'to said primary layer 2, 2', and
- une couche barrière 7, 7’, recouvrant ladite couche secondaire 3, 3’ et étant sensiblement imperméable audit liquide.  a barrier layer 7, 7 'covering said secondary layer 3, 3' and being substantially impervious to said liquid.
Avantageusement conformes à la description qui en a été respectivement faite plus haut en relation avec le complexe 1 , 1’ de l’invention, lesdites couches primaire 2, 2’, secondaire 3, 3’, intermédiaire 4, 4' et barrière 7, 7’ sont préférentiellement distinctes les unes des autres. En particulier, ladite couche primaire 2, 2' est préférentiellement réalisée à partir d’une pièce primaire 2A, 2A’ de textile, lequel textile est préférentiellement non-tissé et hydrophile, ladite pièce primaire 2A, 2A’ de textile étant avantageusement drainante. Advantageously, as described above, in relation to the complex 1, 1 'of the invention, said primary layers 2, 2', secondary 3, 3 ', intermediate 4, 4' and barrier 7, 7 'are preferentially distinct from each other. In particular, said primary layer 2, 2 'is preferably made from a primary piece 2A, 2A' textile, which textile is preferably non-woven and hydrophilic, said primary piece 2A, 2A 'textile being advantageously draining.
De préférence, le procédé de l’invention comprend une opération de réalisation de moyens de guidage 2C, 2C’ dudit liquide vers au moins une zone préférentielle de collecte 2B, 2B', 2B” dudit liquide (identifiée(s) en pointillés aux figures 2 et 3), prédéfinie, de ladite la couche primaire 2, 2’, telle que celle-ci a été décrite ci-avant. De préférence, comme illustré aux figures, ladite (ou lesdites) zone(s) préférentielle(s) de collecte 2B, 2B’, 2B” est choisie sensiblement localisée à distance des bords primaires définissant le contour de ladite couche primaire 2, 2’, de sorte à éviter tout risque de fuite dudit liquide hors de la couche primaire 2, 2’ par les bords primaires de cette dernière. De préférence, lesdits moyens de guidage 2C, 2C’ sont constitués d'éléments barrières 2C, 2C en matériau polymère hydrophobe, qui se présentent avantageusement sous la forme de « barrettes » longitudinales. Ladite opération de réalisation pourra alors dans ce cas être avantageusement réalisée par enduction (localisée) à chaud de ladite pièce primaire 2A, 2A’ de textile avec un matériau polymère hydrophobe thermofusible (procédé « hotmelt »), par exemple de type adhésif sensible à la pression (PSA). Une telle enduction peut être mise en oeuvre, par exemple, à l'aide d’au moins une buse (ou moyen similaire) qui vient déposer sélectivement ledit matériau polymère hydrophobe, à l’état fondu, à la surface de ladite pièce primaire 2A, 2A’ textile. Une fois ledit matériau polymère hydrophobe fondu déposé sur la pièce primaire 2A, 2A’ textile, on le laissera avantageusement imprégner toute ou partie de l’épaisseur, et de préférence toute l’épaisseur, de ladite pièce primaire 2A, 2A’ textile, avant qu’il ne refroidisse, fige et forme lesdites « barrettes » longitudinales. Preferably, the method of the invention comprises an operation for producing guiding means 2C, 2C 'of said liquid to at least one preferential collection zone 2B, 2B', 2B "of said liquid (identified in dashed lines in FIGS. 2 and 3), predefined, of said primary layer 2, 2 ', as it has been described above. Preferably, as illustrated in the figures, said (or said) preferred area (s) of collection 2B, 2B ', 2B "is chosen substantially localized away from the primary edges defining the contour of said primary layer 2, 2 ', so as to avoid any risk of leakage of said liquid from the primary layer 2, 2' by the primary edges thereof. Preferably, said guide means 2C, 2C 'consist of barrier elements 2C, 2C of hydrophobic polymer material, which are advantageously in the form of longitudinal "bars". Said embodiment operation can then in this case be advantageously carried out by hot coating (localized) of said textile primary part 2A, 2A 'with a hot-melt hydrophobic polymer material ("hotmelt" process), for example of the adhesive-sensitive type. pressure (PSA). Such a coating may be implemented, for example, using at least one nozzle (or similar means) which selectively depositing said hydrophobic polymeric material, in the molten state, on the surface of said primary part 2A. , 2A 'textile. Once said molten hydrophobic polymer material deposited on the primary piece 2A, 2A 'textile, it will advantageously be allowed to impregnate all or part of the thickness, and preferably the entire thickness, of said primary piece 2A, 2A' textile, before that it does not cool, freeze and form said longitudinal "bars".
De préférence, le procédé de l’invention comprend une opération de fabrication de ladite couche intermédiaire 4, 4’, par enduction de la couche primaire 2, 2’ et / ou de la couche secondaire 3, 3’ avec un matériau polymère hydrophobe. Ce matériau polymère hydrophobe pourra, par exemple, être un adhésif sensible à la pression ou du polyuréthane. De manière préférentielle, cette opération de fabrication de la couche intermédiaire 4, 4’ sera réalisée par enduction partielle d’une face de l'une ou l’autre desdites couche primaire 2, 2’ et secondaire 3, 3’, de manière à matérialiser au moins une portion enduite, formant ladite première portion imperméable 4A, 4A’, et au moins une portion non enduite, formant quant à elle ladite première portion perméable 4B, 4B’ de la couche intermédiaire 4, 4’. Selon la nature dudit matériau polymère hydrophobe retenu, ladite opération de fabrication de la couche intermédiaire 4, 4’ pourra être réalisée par enduction à chaud (procédé « hotmelt »), éventuellement suivie d’une réticulation (par rayonnement IR, UV ou autre), ou encore par transfert. Preferably, the process of the invention comprises an operation for manufacturing said intermediate layer 4, 4 ', by coating the primary layer 2, 2' and / or the secondary layer 3, 3 'with a hydrophobic polymeric material. This hydrophobic polymeric material may, for example, be a pressure-sensitive adhesive or polyurethane. Preferably, this manufacturing operation of the intermediate layer 4, 4 'will be carried out by partial coating of one side of one or the other of said primary layer 2, 2' and secondary 3, 3 ', so as to materialize at least one coated portion, forming said first impervious portion 4A, 4A ', and at least one uncoated portion, forming in turn said first permeable portion 4B, 4B' of the intermediate layer 4, 4 '. Depending on the nature of said hydrophobic polymer material selected, said manufacturing operation of the intermediate layer 4, 4 'can be carried out by hot coating ("hotmelt" process), optionally followed by crosslinking (by IR, UV or other radiation) , or by transfer.
Avantageusement, le procédé selon l’invention comprend également une opération de mise en place d’un dispositif de détection 3F, 3F’ (avantageusement conforme à la description qui en a été faite ci-avant), de mesure ou de caractérisation d’une caractéristique ou d’un élément constitutif dudit liquide, au niveau de ladite première zone 3A, 3A’ de la couche secondaire 3, 3’. Ledit dispositif de détection 3F, 3F’ peut, par exemple, être mis en place et fixé à ladite première zone 3A, 3A’ par collage ou par imprégnation (par voie liquide, par voie sèche, etc.). De manière particulièrement avantageuse, le procédé de l’invention pourra alors en outre comprendre une opération de compression dudit dispositif de détection 3F, 3F' et de ladite première zone 3A, 3A’ de la couche secondaire 3, 3’. De préférence, ladite opération de compression est réalisée à chaud, dans des conditions de pression et de température contrôlées pour limiter notamment les risques de dégradation des propriétés du dispositif de détection 3F, 3F’ (par exemple, à une température inférieure ou égale à 80 C). De préférence, ladite opération de compression est une opération de compression localisée dudit dispositif de détection 3F, 3F’ et de ladite première zone 3A, 3A' de la couche secondaire 3, 3’, c’est-à-dire que seule une partie de ces derniers est soumise à un effort de compression, par exemple selon une ligne 8 de compression rectiligne traversant ladite première zone 3A, 3A’, telle que délimitée par des tirets à la figure 7. De préférence, ladite opération de compression sera réalisée avant l’assemblage de la couche secondaire 3, 3’ relativement à la première couche primaire 2, 2’. Selon un mode de réalisation préférentiel du procédé selon l’invention, ladite opération de compression est avantageusement mise en oeuvre à l’aide d’une plaque chauffée dont la surface est pourvue d’une zone en relief, et qui pressée contre la première zone 3A, 3A’ de la couche secondaire 3, 3’, au niveau de l’endroit de laquelle est positionné le dispositif de détection 3F, 3F’, de sorte à provoquer localement un écrasement de matière. Une telle opération de compression s’avère particulièrement intéressante dans le cas, par exemple, où le dispositif de détection 3F, 3F’ comprend une substance réactive poudreuse relativement hydrophobe (ou en tout cas moins hydrophile que le matériau de la première zone 3A, 3A’). Elle permet en effet avantageusement de favoriser, par capillarité, la mise en contact du liquide arrivant au niveau de la première zone 3A, 3A’ avec le dispositif de détection 3F, 3F’. Advantageously, the method according to the invention also comprises an operation of setting up a detection device 3F, 3F '(advantageously as described above), measuring or characterizing a characteristic or of a constituent element of said liquid, at said first zone 3A, 3A 'of the secondary layer 3, 3'. Said detection device 3F, 3F 'may, for example, be put in place and fixed to said first zone 3A, 3A' by gluing or impregnation (liquid, dry, etc.). In a particularly advantageous manner, the method of the invention may then further comprise a compression operation of said detection device 3F, 3F 'and said first zone 3A, 3A' of the secondary layer 3, 3 '. Preferably, said compression operation is carried out under heat, under controlled pressure and temperature conditions, in particular to limit the risks of degradation of the properties of the detection device 3F, 3F '(for example, at a temperature of less than or equal to 80.degree. C). Preferably, said compression operation is a localized compression operation of said detection device 3F, 3F 'and said first zone 3A, 3A' of the secondary layer 3, 3 ', that is to say that only a part of these latter is subjected to a compressive force, for example along a rectilinear compression line 8 passing through said first zone 3A, 3A ', as delimited by dashes in FIG. 7. Preferably, said compression operation will be carried out before assembling the secondary layer 3, 3 'relative to the first primary layer 2, 2'. According to a preferred embodiment of the process according to the invention, said compression operation is advantageously carried out using a heated plate whose surface is provided with a relief zone, and which is pressed against the first zone. 3A, 3A 'of the secondary layer 3, 3', at the location of which the detection device 3F, 3F 'is positioned, so as to locally cause a collapse of material. Such a compression operation is particularly advantageous in the case, for example, where the detection device 3F, 3F 'comprises a relatively hydrophobic powdery reactive substance (or in any case less hydrophilic than the material of the first zone 3A, 3A '). It advantageously makes it possible to promote, by capillarity, bringing the liquid arriving at the level of the first zone 3A, 3A 'into contact with the detection device 3F, 3F'.
De manière plus générale, et indépendamment de la mise en place ou non d'un dispositif de détection, il pourra être intéressant de créer un ou plusieurs points de compression de toute ou partie des couches du complexe 1 , 1’ entre elles, afin de favoriser le déplacement du liquide au sein de ce dernier, selon un principe similaire à celui exposé ci-dessus. L’invention concerne en outre, en tant que te!, un dispositif sanitaire, médical, chirurgical ou hygiénique (non représenté aux figures) destiné à venir en contact, direct ou non, avec la peau (ou avec la muqueuse) d’un utilisateur préférentiellement humain ou animal. Selon l’invention, ledit dispositif sanitaire, médical, chirurgical ou hygiénique comprend un complexe 1 , l' multicouche pour la manipulation d’un liquide, lequel complexe 1 , l ' étant avantageusement conforme à la description qui en a été faite ci- dessus. A ce titre, ledit liquide est, de préférence, un liquide aqueux biologique (ou fluide biologique ou fluide corporel) dudit utilisateur (sang, urine, exsudais, sueur, etc.). De préférence, ledit complexe 1 , 1’ est agencé au sein (par exemple, en surface) dudit dispositif pour que la couche primaire 2, 2’ dudit complexe 1 , l ' s'étende sensiblement parallèlement, en regard et au voisinage immédiat, sinon au contact direct, de la peau de l’utilisateur lors d'une utilisation normale dudit dispositif. De préférence encore, ledit complexe 1 , l ' comprend, comme envisagé plus haut, une couche de transfert 7, 7’, et est alors agencé au sein (par exemple, en surface) dudit dispositif pour que ladite couche de transfert 7, 7’ vienne avantageusement en contact direct avec la peau de l’utilisateur, voire avec une plaie présente au niveau de cette peau. More generally, and independently of the setting up or not of a detection device, it may be advantageous to create one or more compression points of all or part of the layers of the complex 1, 1 'between them, in order to promote the movement of the liquid within the latter, according to a principle similar to that described above. The invention further relates, as te, a sanitary device, medical, surgical or hygienic (not shown in figures) intended to come into contact, direct or not, with the skin (or with the mucosa) of a user preferentially human or animal. According to the invention, said sanitary, medical, surgical or hygienic device comprises a complex 1, the multilayer for the handling of a liquid, which complex 1, the being advantageously in accordance with the description which has been made above . As such, said liquid is preferably a biological aqueous liquid (or biological fluid or body fluid) of said user (blood, urine, exudates, sweat, etc.). Preferably, said complex 1, 1 'is arranged within (for example, at the surface) of said device so that the primary layer 2, 2' of said complex 1, extends substantially parallel, facing and in the immediate vicinity, if not in direct contact, the skin of the user during normal use of said device. More preferably, said complex 1, 1 comprises, as envisaged above, a transfer layer 7, 7 ', and is then arranged within (for example, on the surface) of said device so that said transfer layer 7, 7 advantageously come into direct contact with the skin of the user, or even with a wound present at this skin.
De préférence, ledit dispositif sanitaire, médical, chirurgical ou hygiénique est choisi parmi le groupe comprenant : un pansement, c’est-à-dire un dispositif de protection destiné à recouvrir une plaie ou lésion située au niveau de la peau de l’utilisateur, un système transdermique (« timbre » ou « patch »), un dispositif de protection hygiénique (par exemple, une serviette ou un protège-slip de protection périodique) et une couche- culotte (par exemple destinée à des enfants non entraînés à la propreté ou souffrant d'énurésie). Avantageusement, lorsque le dispositif sanitaire, médical, chirurgical ou hygiénique de l’invention est un pansement, ledit liquide sera alors préférentiellement formé d’exsudats issus d'une plaie. La couche de transfert 7, 7’ dudit complexe 1 , V pourra être préférentiellement formée d’une nappe grillagée 7A, 7A’ en matériau polymère à base de silicone présentant un faible degré de pégosité (ou pouvoir « tackant »), de sorte à ce que ladite couche de transfert 7, 7’ n’adhère sensiblement pas à la plaie (et à la peau et / ou muqueuses immédiatement environnantes) contre laquelle sera positionné ledit pansement. Le matériau polymère en question sera avantageusement choisi compatible d’un point de vue sanitaire, et en particulier dermatologique. Ainsi, un tel pansement est d’usage particulièrement confortable et sûr, le retrait dudit pansement étant sensiblement atraumatique grâce, en particulier, à la mise en œuvre d’une telle nappe grillagée 7A, 7A\ En outre, comme envisagé ci-avant, ledit complexe 1 , l ' pourra comprendre une couche barrière 5, 5' imperméable aux exsudais et éventuellement également une sous-couche d’adhésion 6, 6’, qui formeront avantageusement des couches de superficie supérieure aux superficies respectives desdites couches primaire 2, 2’, secondaire 3, 3’, intermédiaire 4, 4’ et couche de transfert 7, T. De la sorte, il sera avantageusement possible de plaquer et maintenir fermement en position le complexe 1 , 1’ dudit pansement contre la peau ou la muqueuse de l’utilisateur, par l'intermédiaire des bords respectifs desdites couche barrière 5, 5’ et sous-couche d’adhésion 6, 6’, ladite couche de transfert 7, 7’ venant en contact surfacique direct avec la peau ou la muqueuse. Preferably, said sanitary, medical, surgical or hygienic device is chosen from the group comprising: a dressing, that is to say a protective device intended to cover a wound or lesion located at the skin of the user's skin , a transdermal system ("patch" or "patch"), a hygienic protective device (for example, a towel or panty liner for periodic protection) and a diaper (eg for children not trained to cleanliness or suffering from enuresis). Advantageously, when the sanitary, medical, surgical or hygienic device of the invention is a dressing, said liquid will then preferably be formed of exudates from a wound. The transfer layer 7, 7 'of said complex 1, V may preferably be formed of a mesh web 7A, 7A' of silicone-based polymer material having a low degree of tack (or "tack"), so as to said transfer layer 7, 7 'does not substantially adhere to the wound (and to the immediately surrounding skin and / or mucous membranes) against which said dressing will be positioned. The polymeric material in question will advantageously be chosen compatible from a health point of view, and in particular dermatological. Thus, such a dressing is particularly comfortable and safe use, the removal of said dressing being substantially atraumatic thanks, in particular, to the implementation of such a mesh web 7A, 7A \ In addition, as envisaged above, said complex 1, may include a barrier layer 5, 5 'impervious to exudates and possibly also an adhesion undercoat 6, 6 ', which will advantageously form layers of area greater than the respective areas of said primary layers 2, 2', secondary 3, 3 ', intermediate 4, 4' and transfer layer 7, T. In this way, it will be advantageously it is possible to press and firmly hold the complex 1, 1 'of said dressing against the skin or the mucosa of the user, by means of the respective edges of said barrier layer 5, 5' and adhesion sub-layer 6, 6 ', said transfer layer 7, 7' coming into direct surface contact with the skin or the mucosa.
La mise en œuvre optionnelle, au sein du complexe 1 , 1’ du dispositif sanitaire, médical, chirurgical ou hygiénique de l’invention, d’un dispositif de détection 3F, 3F’, 3F”, de mesure ou de caractérisation tel que décrit ci-avant, conférera de plus avantageusement audit du dispositif sanitaire, médical, chirurgical ou hygiénique un caractère « intelligent ». Par exemple, dans le cas où ledit dispositif est un pansement, ce dernier remplira d’une part sa fonction principale de protection d’une plaie contre laquelle il aura été placé (ledit liquide étant formé d’exsudats que l’on cherche à évacuer de la plaie et à stocker dans la couche secondaire du complexe 1 , 1’). Il remplira avantageusement, d’autre part, une fonction de détection, grâce par exemple à au moins un dispositif de détection 3F, 3F’, 3F” de type biomarqueur, de la présence (dans ledit exsudât) au niveau de ladite plaie d’une prolifération microbienne ou virale de souche(s) donnée(s). A titre d’exemple alternatif, lorsque ledit dispositif hygiénique de l'invention est une serviette hygiénique ou une couche-culotte, la présence de germes ou d’une infection virale pourra être recherchée dans l’urine de l’utilisateur. The optional implementation, within the complex 1, 1 'of the sanitary device, medical, surgical or hygienic of the invention, a detection device 3F, 3F', 3F ", measurement or characterization as described above, confer more advantageously auditing the sanitary, medical, surgical or hygienic device an "intelligent" character. For example, in the case where said device is a dressing, the latter will fulfill on the one hand its main function of protection of a wound against which it has been placed (said liquid being formed of exudates that one seeks to evacuate wound and store in the secondary layer of complex 1, 1 '). On the other hand, it will advantageously fulfill a detection function, for example thanks to at least one biomarker-type detection device 3F, 3F ', 3F ", the presence (in said exudate) at the level of said wound. a microbial or viral proliferation of the given strain (s). As an alternative example, when said hygienic device of the invention is a sanitary napkin or a diaper, the presence of germs or a viral infection may be sought in the urine of the user.
Ainsi, compte tenu de ce qui précède, un tel dispositif sanitaire, médical, chirurgical ou hygiénique permet avantageusement, une fois positionné en contact avec la peau (et en particulier en contact avec une plaie présente au niveau de cette peau) d’un utilisateur, une détection, une mesure ou une caractérisation particulièrement simple et fiable d’une caractéristique ou d’un élément constitutif d’un liquide biologique dudit utilisateur (et en particulier d’exsudats issus de ladite plaie). POSSIBILITE D’APPLICATION INDUSTRIELLE Thus, in view of the foregoing, such a sanitary device, medical, surgical or hygienic advantageously, once positioned in contact with the skin (and in particular in contact with a wound present at this skin) of a user , a particularly simple and reliable detection, measurement or characterization of a characteristic or constituent element of a biological fluid of said user (and in particular exudates from said wound). POSSIBILITY OF INDUSTRIAL APPLICATION
L'invention trouve notamment son application industrielle dans le domaine de la conception et de la fabrication de complexes multicouches pour la manipulation de liquides. L’invention trouve également son application industrielle dans le domaine de la conception et de la fabrication de dispositifs sanitaires, médicaux, chirurgicaux ou hygiéniques par exemple de type pansement, système transdermique, dispositif de protection hygiénique ou encore couche-culotte) comprenant de tels complexes multicouches. The invention finds particular industrial application in the field of design and manufacture of multilayer complexes for handling liquids. The invention also finds its industrial application in the field of the design and manufacture of sanitary, medical, surgical or hygienic devices, for example of the dressing type, transdermal system, hygienic protection device or diaper) comprising such complexes. multilayers.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Complexe (1 , 1’) multicouche pour la manipulation d’un liquide, comprenant une couche primaire (2, 2’) destinée à venir en contact avec ledit liquide, ledit complexe (1 , 1’) étant caractérisé en ce qu’il comprend également au moins : A multilayer liquid handling complex (1, 1 ') comprising a primer layer (2, 2') for contacting said liquid, said complex (1, 1 ') being characterized in that it also includes at least:
- une couche secondaire (3, 3’) qui comprend elle-même des première (3A, 3A’) et deuxième (3B, 3B’) zones, lesdites première (3A, 3A’) et deuxième (3B, 3B’) zones étant distinctes et présentant chacune un comportement respectif différent au contact dudit liquide ;  a secondary layer (3, 3 ') which itself comprises first (3A, 3A') and second (3B, 3B ') zones, said first (3A, 3A') and second (3B, 3B ') zones; being distinct and each having a respective different behavior in contact with said liquid;
- une couche intermédiaire {4, 4’), qui est interposée entre lesdites couches primaire (2, 2’) et secondaire (3, 3'), et qui comprend elle-même au moins une première portion imperméable (4A, 4A’) audit liquide et au moins une première portion perméable {4B, 4B’) permettant le passage dudit liquide en provenance de la couche primaire (2, 2’) vers la couche secondaire (3, 3’), ladite première portion imperméable (4A, 4A’) s’étendant en regard de ladite première zone (3A, 3A’), la projection (Pr1) de la première portion imperméable (4A, 4A’) dans un plan (P) parallèle auxdites couches secondaire (3, 3’} et intermédiaire (4, 4’) recouvrant au moins la moitié de la surface de la projection (Pr2) de la première zone (3A, 3A’) dans ce même plan, pour limiter le reflux dudit liquide depuis ladite première zone (3A, 3A') vers ladite couche primaire (2, 2’), et  an intermediate layer {4, 4 '), which is interposed between said primary (2, 2') and secondary (3, 3 ') layers, and which itself comprises at least a first impermeable portion (4A, 4A'); ) to said liquid and at least a first permeable portion {4B, 4B ') permitting the passage of said liquid from the primary layer (2, 2') to the secondary layer (3, 3 '), said first impermeable portion (4A) , 4A ') extending opposite said first zone (3A, 3A'), the projection (Pr1) of the first impermeable portion (4A, 4A ') in a plane (P) parallel to said secondary layers (3, 3 '} and intermediate (4, 4') covering at least half of the surface of the projection (Pr2) of the first zone (3A, 3A ') in the same plane, to limit the reflux of said liquid from said first zone ( 3A, 3A ') to said primary layer (2, 2'), and
- une couche barrière (5, 5'), recouvrant ladite couche secondaire (3, 3') et étant sensiblement imperméable audit liquide.  a barrier layer (5, 5 ') covering said secondary layer (3, 3') and being substantially impervious to said liquid.
2. Complexe (1 , 1’) selon la revendication précédente, caractérisé en ce que ladite première zone (3A, 3A’) présente une première vitesse d’absorption et une première capacité d’absorption, tandis que ladite deuxième zone (3B, 3B’) présente une deuxième vitesse d'absorption et une deuxième capacité d’absorption, ladite première vitesse d’absorption étant strictement supérieure à ladite deuxième vitesse d’absorption, et ladite première capacité d’absorption étant strictement inférieure à ladite deuxième capacité d’absorption. 2. Complex (1, 1 ') according to the preceding claim, characterized in that said first zone (3A, 3A') has a first absorption rate and a first absorption capacity, while said second zone (3B, 3B ') has a second absorption rate and a second absorption capacity, said first absorption rate being strictly greater than said second absorption rate, and said first absorption capacity being strictly less than said second absorption capacity; 'absorption.
3. Complexe (1 , 1’) selon la revendication précédente, caractérisé en ce que ladite couche primaire (2, 2’) présente une troisième capacité d’absorption dudit liquide, qui est strictement inférieure, et de préférence très inférieure, auxdites première et deuxième capacités d’absorption. 3. Complex (1, 1 ') according to the preceding claim, characterized in that said primary layer (2, 2') has a third absorption capacity of said liquid, which is strictly lower, and preferably much lower, said first and second absorption capacities.
4. Complexe (1 , 1’) selon l’une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que ladite première portion perméable (4B, 4B’) de la couche intermédiaire (4, 4’) est formée par au moins une première ouverture intermédiaire (4D, 4D’) traversante ménagée à travers ladite couche intermédiaire (4, 4’). 4. Complex (1, 1 ') according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said first permeable portion (4B, 4B') of the intermediate layer (4, 4 ') is formed by at least a first opening intermediate (4D, 4D ') through through said intermediate layer (4, 4').
5. Complexe (1 , 1’) selon l’une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que ladite couche intermédiaire (4, 4’) comprend une deuxième portion imperméable (4C, 4C’), qui s’étend en regard de ladite deuxième zone (3B, 3B’), la projection de la deuxième portion imperméable (4C, 4C) dans un plan parallèle auxdites couches secondaire (3, 3’) et intermédiaire (4, 4’) recouvrant au moins la moitié de la surface de la projection de la deuxième zone (3B, 3B’) dans ce même plan. 5. Complex (1, 1 ') according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said intermediate layer (4, 4') comprises a second impervious portion (4C, 4C '), which extends over said second zone (3B, 3B '), the projection of the second impermeable portion (4C, 4C) in a plane parallel to said secondary (3, 3') and intermediate (4, 4 ') layers covering at least half of the surface of the projection of the second zone (3B, 3B ') in this same plane.
6. Complexe (1 , l') selon la revendication précédente, caractérisé en ce que la projection de ladite première portion perméable (4B, 4B’) dans un plan parallèle auxdites couches secondaire (3, 3’) et intermédiaire (4, 4’) chevauche les projections respectives desdites première (3A, 3A’) et deuxième (3B, 3B’) zones dans ce même plan. 6. Complex (1, l ') according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the projection of said first permeable portion (4B, 4B') in a plane parallel to said secondary (3, 3 ') and intermediate (4, 4) layers ') overlaps the respective projections of said first (3A, 3A') and second (3B, 3B ') areas in that same plane.
7. Complexe (1 , 1’) selon les revendications 4 à 6, caractérisé en ce que ladite première zone (3A, 3A’) est délimitée par un contour externe fermé et est entourée de manière contiguë par ladite deuxième zone (3B, 3B’), ladite première ouverture intermédiaire (4D, 4D’) formant une première lumière (4D, 4D’) curviligne refermée sur elle-même, la projection dudit contour de la première zone (3A, 3A’) dans un plan parallèle auxdites couches secondaire (3, 3’) et intermédiaire (4, 4’) se superposant de manière continue à la projection de ladite lumière curviligne dans ce même plan. 7. Complex (1, 1 ') according to claims 4 to 6, characterized in that said first zone (3A, 3A') is delimited by a closed outer contour and is contiguously surrounded by said second zone (3B, 3B '), said first intermediate opening (4D, 4D') forming a first curvilinear (4D, 4D ') lumen closed on itself, projecting said contour of the first zone (3A, 3A') in a plane parallel to said layers secondary (3, 3 ') and intermediate (4, 4') superimposed continuously on the projection of said curvilinear light in this same plane.
8. Complexe (1 , 1’) selon les revendications 4 et 5, caractérisé en ce que ladite projection (Pr1) de la première portion imperméable (4A, 4A’) dans ledit plan (P) parallèle auxdites couches secondaire (3, 3’) et intermédiaire (4, 4’) est confondue avec ladite projection (Pr2) de la première zone (3A, 3A’) dans ce même plan (P), et en ce que ladite première zone (3A, 3A) est délimitée par un contour externe fermé et est entourée de manière contiguë par ladite deuxième zone (3B, 3B’), ladite première ouverture intermédiaire (4D, 4D') formant une première lumière (4D, 4D’) curviligne refermée sur elle-même, la projection de ladite première lumière (4D, 4D’) curviligne dans un plan parallèle auxdites couches secondaire (3, 3’) et intermédiaire (4, 4') entourant de manière contigüe la projection respective dudit contour de la première zone (3A, 3A’) dans ce même plan. 8. Complex (1, 1 ') according to claims 4 and 5, characterized in that said projection (Pr1) of the first impermeable portion (4A, 4A') in said plane (P) parallel to said secondary layers (3, 3 ') and intermediate (4, 4') is merged with said projection (Pr2) of the first zone (3A, 3A ') in this same plane (P), and in that said first zone (3A, 3A) is delimited by a closed outer contour and is contiguously surrounded by said second zone (3B, 3B '), said first intermediate opening (4D, 4D') forming a first curvilinear (4D, 4D ') closed on itself, the projecting said first (4D, 4D ') curvilinear light in a plane parallel to said secondary (3, 3') and intermediate (4, 4 ') layers contiguously surrounding the respective projection of said first zone (3A, 3A) contour ') in this same plane.
9. Complexe (1 , 1’) selon l’une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la première portion imperméable (4A, 4A’) de ladite couche intermédiaire (4, 4’) est formée d’un film en matériau polymère hydrophobe, par exemple de type adhésif sensible à la pression PSA ou en polyuréthane. 9. Complex (1, 1 ') according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first impermeable portion (4A, 4A') of said intermediate layer (4, 4 ') is formed of a film of material hydrophobic polymer, for example pressure-sensitive adhesive type PSA or polyurethane.
10. Complexe {1 , l ') selon l’une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que ladite couche primaire (2, 2’) comprend au moins une zone préférentielle de collecte (2B, 2B’) dudit liquide, ainsi que des moyens de guidage (2C, 2C) dudit liquide en direction de ladite zone préférentielle de collecte (2B, 2B’), et en ce que ladite première portion perméable (4B, 4B’) de la couche intermédiaire (4, 4’) est positionnée sensiblement en regard de ladite zone préférentielle de collecte (2B, 2B’). 10. Complex {1, l ') according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said primary layer (2, 2') comprises at least one preferential collection zone (2B, 2B ') of said liquid, as well as means for guiding (2C, 2C) said liquid towards said preferential collection zone (2B, 2B '), and in that said first permeable portion (4B, 4B') of the intermediate layer (4, 4 ') is positioned substantially opposite said preferential collection zone (2B, 2B ').
11. Complexe (1 , 1’) selon la revendication précédente, caractérisé en ce que lesdits moyens de guidage (2C, 2C’) sont constitués d’éléments barrières (2C, 2C’) en matériau polymère hydrophobe, par exemple de type adhésif sensible à la pression PSA, lesdits éléments barrières (2C, 2C’) étant disposés dans toute l'épaisseur de ladite couche primaire (2, 2’). 11. Complex (1, 1 ') according to the preceding claim, characterized in that said guide means (2C, 2C') consist of barrier elements (2C, 2C ') of hydrophobic polymer material, for example adhesive type pressure sensitive PSA, said barrier elements (2C, 2C ') being arranged throughout the thickness of said primary layer (2, 2').
12. Complexe (1 , 1’) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que ladite couche primaire (2, 2’) est formée d’une pièce primaire (2A, 2A') de textile non-tissé, poreuse et / ou hydrophile. 12. Complex (1, 1 ') according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said primary layer (2, 2') is formed of a primary piece (2A, 2A ') of nonwoven fabric, porous and / or hydrophilic.
13. Complexe (1 , 1’) selon la revendication précédente, caractérisé en ce que ladite pièce primaire (2A, 2A’) de textile est constituée à 80 % de pulpe de bois et à 20 % de fibres de polyester, et présente préférentiellement une masse surfacique sensiblement égale à 28 g / m2. 13. Complex (1, 1 ') according to the preceding claim, characterized in that said primary piece (2A, 2A') of textile is made of 80% wood pulp and 20% polyester fibers, and preferably has a mass per unit area substantially equal to 28 g / m 2 .
14. Complexe (1 , 1’) selon l’une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que ladite couche secondaire (3, 3’) est formée : 14. Complex (1, 1 ') according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said secondary layer (3, 3') is formed:
- d’une pièce secondaire (3C, 3C’) de textile pourvue d’au moins une première fenêtre (3D, 3D’) traversante ménagée à travers ladite première pièce secondaire (3C, 3C’), ladite première pièce secondaire (3C, 3C) formant ladite deuxième zone (3B, 3B’) de la couche secondaire (3, 3’), et  - a textile secondary part (3C, 3C ') provided with at least a first (3D, 3D') through window formed through said first secondary part (3C, 3C '), said first secondary part (3C, 3C) forming said second zone (3B, 3B ') of the secondary layer (3, 3'), and
- d’une première pièce tertiaire (3E, 3E’) de textile, distincte de ladite pièce secondaire (3C, 3C’), et de forme complémentaire à ladite première fenêtre (3D, 3D’), ladite première pièce tertiaire (3E, 3E’) étant logée étroitement au sein de ladite première fenêtre (3D, 3D’) et formant ladite première zone {3A, 3A’) de la couche secondaire (3, 3’).  a first tertiary piece (3E, 3E ') of textile, distinct from said secondary piece (3C, 3C'), and of shape complementary to said first window (3D, 3D '), said first tertiary piece (3E, 3E ') being housed tightly within said first window (3D, 3D') and forming said first zone {3A, 3A ') of the secondary layer (3, 3').
15. Complexe (1 , 1’) selon la revendication précédente, caractérisé en ce que ladite pièce secondaire (3C, 3C’) de textile est une pièce de textile non-tissé hydrophile, préférentiellement aiguilieté. 15. Complex (1, 1 ') according to the preceding claim, characterized in that said secondary part (3C, 3C') of textile is a piece of hydrophilic nonwoven textile, preferentially sharpened.
16. Complexe (1 , 1’) selon la revendication précédente, caractérisé en ce que ladite pièce secondaire de textile (3C, 3C’) est constituée à 70 % de fibres de polyéthylène et à 30 % de fibres de polypropylène, et présente préférentiellement une masse surfacique sensiblement égale à 220 g / m2. 16. Complex (1, 1 ') according to the preceding claim, characterized in that said secondary part of textile (3C, 3C') is made of 70% polyethylene fibers and 30% polypropylene fibers, and preferably has a mass per unit area substantially equal to 220 g / m 2 .
17. Complexe (1 , 1’) selon l’une quelconque des revendications 14 à 16, caractérisé en ce que ladite première pièce tertiaire (3E, 3E’) est une pièce de textile non-tissé et hydrophile, constitué de fibres de cellulose et d’un liant de type latex de polymère à base d'acétate de vinyle, et présentant préférentiellement une masse surfacique sensiblement égale à 95 g / m2. 17. Complex (1, 1 ') according to any one of claims 14 to 16, characterized in that said first tertiary piece (3E, 3E') is a piece of nonwoven fabric and hydrophilic, consisting of cellulose fibers and a binder of vinyl acetate polymer latex type, and preferably having a basis weight substantially equal to 95 g / m 2 .
18. Complexe (1 , l ') selon l’une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que ladite première zone (3A, 3A’) étant délimitée par un contour externe fermé, ladite première zone (3A, 3A’) comporte un dispositif de détection (3F, 3F’), de mesure ou de caractérisation d’une caractéristique ou d’un élément constitutif dudit liquide, ledit dispositif de détection (3F, 3F’), de mesure ou de caractérisation étant positionné à distance dudit contour externe. 18. Complex (1, l ') according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said first zone (3A, 3A') being delimited by an outline externally closed, said first zone (3A, 3A ') comprises a detection device (3F, 3F') for measuring or characterizing a characteristic or constituent element of said liquid, said detection device (3F, 3F) '), measurement or characterization being positioned at a distance from said external contour.
19. Complexe (1 , 1’) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que ladite couche barrière (5, 5’) est perméable à l’air, et de préférence transparente à la lumière. 19. Complex (1, 1 ') according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said barrier layer (5, 5') is permeable to air, and preferably transparent to light.
20. Complexe (1 , l ') selon l’une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu’il comprend en outre une couche de transfert (7, 7’) perméable audit liquide, disposée en regard de ladite couche primaire (2, 2') et permettant le passage dudit liquide en provenance du milieu extérieur audit complexe (1 , 1’) vers ladite couche primaire (2, 2’). 20. Complex (1, l ') according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it further comprises a transfer layer (7, 7') permeable to said liquid, arranged opposite said primary layer (2 , 2 ') and allowing the passage of said liquid from the external medium to said complex (1, 1') to said primary layer (2, 2 ').
21. Complexe (1 , 1’) selon la revendication précédente, caractérisé en ce que ladite couche de transfert (7, 7’) est formée d’une nappe grillagée (7A, 7A’), de préférence en matériau polymère, par exemple en silicone. 21. Complex (1, 1 ') according to the preceding claim, characterized in that said transfer layer (7, 7') is formed of a wire mesh (7A, 7A '), preferably of polymer material, for example silicone.
22. Dispositif sanitaire, médical, chirurgical ou hygiénique destiné à venir en contact avec la peau d’un utilisateur, comprenant un complexe (1 , 1’) multicouche pour la manipulation d’un liquide, caractérisé en ce que ledit complexe (1 , 1’) est conforme à l’une quelconque des revendications précédentes. 22. Sanitary, medical, surgical or hygienic device intended to come into contact with the skin of a user, comprising a complex (1, 1 ') multilayer for the handling of a liquid, characterized in that said complex (1, 1 ') is according to any one of the preceding claims.
23. Dispositif selon la revendication précédente, caractérisé en ce qu’il est choisi parmi le groupe comprenant : un pansement, un système transdermique, un dispositif de protection hygiénique et une couche-culotte. 23. Device according to the preceding claim, characterized in that it is selected from the group comprising: a dressing, a transdermal system, a hygienic protection device and a diaper.
24. Procédé de fabrication d’un complexe (1 , 1’) multicouche pour la manipulation d’un liquide, dans lequel on réalise un assemblage comprenant une couche primaire (2, 2’) destinée à venir en contact avec ledit liquide, ledit procédé étant caractérisé en ce que ledit assemblage comprend également : 24. A method for manufacturing a multilayer complex (1, 1 ') for handling a liquid, in which an assembly is made comprising a primary layer (2, 2') intended to come into contact with said liquid, said characterized in that said assembly also comprises:
- une couche secondaire (3, 3') qui comprend elle-même des première (3A, 3A’) et deuxième (3B, 3B’) zones, lesdites première (3A, 3A’) et deuxième (3B, 3B’) zones étant distinctes et présentant chacune un comportement respectif différent au contact dudit liquide ; a secondary layer (3, 3 ') which itself comprises first (3A, 3A') and second (3B, 3B ') zones, said first (3A, 3A') and second (3B, 3B ') zones being distinct and each having a respective different behavior in contact with said liquid;
- une couche intermédiaire (4, 4’), qui est interposée entre iesdites couches primaire (2, 2’) et secondaire (3, 3’), et qui comprend elle-même au moins une première portion imperméable (4A, 4A’) audit liquide et au moins une première portion perméable (4B, 4B’) permettant le passage dudit liquide en provenance de la couche primaire (2, 2’) vers la couche secondaire (3, 3’), ladite première portion imperméable (4A, 4A’) s’étendant en regard de ladite première zone (3A, 3A’), la projection de la première portion imperméable (4A, 4A’) dans un plan parallèle auxdites couches secondaire (3, 3') et intermédiaire (4, 4’) recouvrant au moins la moitié de la surface de la projection de la première zone (3A, 3A') dans ce même plan, pour limiter le reflux direct dudit liquide depuis ladite première zone (3A, 3A’) vers ladite couche primaire (2, 2'), et an intermediate layer (4, 4 '), which is interposed between said primary (2, 2') and secondary (3, 3 ') layers, and which itself comprises at least a first impervious portion (4A, 4A'); ) to said liquid and at least a first permeable portion (4B, 4B ') permitting the passage of said liquid from the primary layer (2, 2') to the secondary layer (3, 3 '), said first impervious portion (4A) , 4A ') extending opposite said first zone (3A, 3A'), the projection of the first impermeable portion (4A, 4A ') in a plane parallel to said secondary (3, 3') and intermediate (4 ') layers , 4 ') covering at least half of the area of the projection of the first zone (3A, 3A') in the same plane, to limit the direct reflux of said liquid from said first zone (3A, 3A ') to said layer primary (2, 2 '), and
- une couche barrière (5, 5’), recouvrant ladite couche secondaire (3, 3’) et étant sensiblement imperméable audit liquide. a barrier layer (5, 5 ') covering said secondary layer (3, 3') and being substantially impervious to said liquid.
25. Procédé selon la revendication précédente, caractérisé en ce qu’il comprend une opération de réalisation de moyens de guidage (2C, 2C) dudit liquide vers au moins une zone préférentielle de collecte (2B, 2B’, 2B”) prédéfinie de ladite la couche primaire (2, 2’), ladite couche primaire (2, 2’) étant formée d’une pièce primaire (2A, 2A') de textile non-tissé et hydrophile, lesdits moyens de guidage (2C, 2C’) étant constitués d’éléments barrières (2C, 2C’) en matériau polymère hydrophobe, et en ce que ladite opération de réalisation est réalisée par enduction à chaud de ladite pièce primaire (2A, 2A) de textile avec un matériau polymère hydrophobe thermofusible 25. Method according to the preceding claim, characterized in that it comprises an operation for producing guiding means (2C, 2C) of said liquid to at least one preferred collection area (2B, 2B ', 2B ") predefined of said the primary layer (2, 2 '), said primary layer (2, 2') being formed of a primary piece (2A, 2A ') of nonwoven and hydrophilic textile, said guide means (2C, 2C') being constituted by barrier elements (2C, 2C ') made of hydrophobic polymer material, and in that said production operation is carried out by hot-coating said textile primary part (2A, 2A) with a hydrophobic hot-melt polymer material
26. Procédé selon la revendication 24 ou 25, caractérisé en qu'il comprend une opération de fabrication de ladite couche intermédiaire (4, 4’) par enduction de ladite couche primaire (2, 2’) avec un matériau polymère hydrophobe. 26. The method of claim 24 or 25, characterized in that it comprises an operation of manufacturing said intermediate layer (4, 4 ') by coating said primary layer (2, 2') with a hydrophobic polymeric material.
PCT/FR2018/053060 2017-11-30 2018-11-30 Multi-layer complex for the manipulation of a liquid, a sanitary, medical, surgical or hygiene device comprising such a complex, and an associated method of production WO2019106317A1 (en)

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FR1761488A FR3074092B1 (en) 2017-11-30 2017-11-30 MULTILAYER COMPLEX FOR THE HANDLING OF A LIQUID, SANITARY, MEDICAL, SURGICAL OR HYGIENIC DEVICE COMPRISING SUCH A COMPLEX, AND MANUFACTURING METHOD THEREOF
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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0692954A1 (en) * 1993-04-05 1996-01-24 The Procter & Gamble Company Improved absorbent members having improved fluid distribution via low density and basis weight acquisition zones
US5728084A (en) * 1992-09-16 1998-03-17 The Proctor & Gamble Company Absorbent article with controlled distribution of liquid
US20150224000A1 (en) * 2012-08-31 2015-08-13 Livedo Corporation Absorbent body and absorbent article using the same

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5728084A (en) * 1992-09-16 1998-03-17 The Proctor & Gamble Company Absorbent article with controlled distribution of liquid
EP0692954A1 (en) * 1993-04-05 1996-01-24 The Procter & Gamble Company Improved absorbent members having improved fluid distribution via low density and basis weight acquisition zones
US20150224000A1 (en) * 2012-08-31 2015-08-13 Livedo Corporation Absorbent body and absorbent article using the same

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