WO2019105079A1 - Diesel engine variable-altitude variable-flow cooling system and control process therefor - Google Patents

Diesel engine variable-altitude variable-flow cooling system and control process therefor Download PDF

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WO2019105079A1
WO2019105079A1 PCT/CN2018/103189 CN2018103189W WO2019105079A1 WO 2019105079 A1 WO2019105079 A1 WO 2019105079A1 CN 2018103189 W CN2018103189 W CN 2018103189W WO 2019105079 A1 WO2019105079 A1 WO 2019105079A1
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variable
flow
cooling
thermostat
coolant
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PCT/CN2018/103189
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French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
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刘瑞林
杨春浩
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中国人民解放军陆军军事交通学院
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Publication of WO2019105079A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019105079A1/en

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01P—COOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01P7/00—Controlling of coolant flow
    • F01P7/02—Controlling of coolant flow the coolant being cooling-air
    • F01P7/04—Controlling of coolant flow the coolant being cooling-air by varying pump speed, e.g. by changing pump-drive gear ratio
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01P—COOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01P7/00—Controlling of coolant flow
    • F01P7/14—Controlling of coolant flow the coolant being liquid
    • F01P7/16—Controlling of coolant flow the coolant being liquid by thermostatic control

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of diesel engines, in particular to a diesel high-altitude variable flow cooling system.
  • the diesel engine When the power equipment such as vehicles and construction machinery is running on the plateau, the diesel engine has problems such as the cooling water is easy to open, the cooling capacity of the cooling system is reduced, and the body is easily overheated due to poor heat dissipation performance and increased diesel engine thermal load. There are different degrees of decline in the continuous operation capacity and operation intensity in the plateau. These problems can be attributed to the poor matching of the diesel engine cooling system and the diesel engine working process.
  • the traditional diesel engine cooling system directly drives the cooling system components (pumps, fans) from the diesel engine crankshaft through the belt drive.
  • the cooling capacity of this cooling system is designed according to the maximum thermal load condition of the diesel engine. It cannot be adjusted in real time according to the cooling and cooling requirements of the diesel engine. This limitation leads to the failure of the traditional cooling system of the diesel engine to meet the cooling requirements under different altitudes and working conditions. Causes insufficient cooling at high altitudes or excessive cooling of low-altitude parts, and the mechanical cooling system consumes a large amount of energy.
  • the power consumption under the rated engine conditions accounts for 5% to 12% of the effective output of the engine. When it is clutched at a high speed. , to bring greater thermal shock stress to the engine.
  • the paraffin thermostat Because the paraffin thermostat has the characteristics of response delay and “hysteresis”, it can't make real-time and accurate response according to the change of engine water temperature.
  • the thermostat is not fully turned on, and the cooling fan starts to strengthen the radiator.
  • the heat dissipation efficiency of the cooling fan is lowered. Adjusting the flow rate of the circulating water pump only changes the total flow rate of the coolant circulation.
  • the specific circulation of the coolant and the small circulation flow rate are specifically affected by the opening degree of the thermostat, and the opening degree of the paraffin thermostat and the temperature of the coolant There is no one-to-one correspondence between the paraffin thermostats, and the precise control of the large and small circulating flow distribution of the coolant cannot be achieved.
  • the improvement of the diesel engine cooling system mainly focuses on the single control of the cooling system components (such as water pump, fan, thermostat), but in the special environment of the plateau, the optimal control of the single component is insufficient to meet the cooling demand of the diesel engine. Therefore, the integrated control of the cooling system becomes a necessary means for the cooling of the plateau diesel engine.
  • the present invention provides a high-altitude variable-flow cooling system for a diesel engine, which can be based on high-altitude environmental conditions such as atmospheric pressure, temperature, and boiling point of the coolant, and cooling system heat. Parameters, as well as the thermal state of the diesel engine at different altitudes, the diesel engine total flow, the size of the circulating flow and the cooling air flow are coordinated to achieve real-time optimal control of the cooling intensity of the diesel engine in the range of 0 to 5500 m.
  • a diesel engine variable altitude variable flow cooling system including a variable altitude variable coolant flow system, a variable altitude variable cooling air flow system, and a control system
  • the variable altitude variable coolant flow system includes a variable flow cooling water pump, a variable temperature thermostat, a radiator
  • the variable altitude variable cooling air flow system includes a cooling fan
  • the cooling fan is connected to a hydraulic control device
  • the control system includes an ECU control unit and is installed at the diesel engine outlet a temperature sensor on the coolant outlet line between the variable temperature thermostat, a temperature sensor mounted on the coolant line of the radiator outlet, and a coolant outlet line installed between the diesel engine outlet and the variable temperature thermostat
  • Flow sensor and two coolant flow sensors installed at the two outlets of the variable temperature thermostat, ECU control unit and proportional relief valve, coolant sensor, flow sensor, variable flow cooling water pump and variable temperature thermostat Connection, control of the opening of the proportional relief valve, variable flow cooling pump speed and variable temperature temperature The opening.
  • the hydraulic control device comprises a hydraulic circulation line composed of a hydraulic oil tank, a hydraulic oil pump and a hydraulic motor, and the hydraulic circulation line is connected with a proportional relief valve, and the hydraulic motor is connected with the hydraulic fan.
  • the ECU control unit includes a power module, a microcontroller ATmeaga128 single chip, a signal acquisition module, an output control module, and a communication interface.
  • the analog inputs in the signal acquisition module are: atmospheric pressure signal, ambient temperature signal, air density signal, and cooling.
  • the liquid boiling point signal and the throttle position signal the digital input includes: an engine speed signal, a running vehicle speed signal, and a fault display switch signal
  • the output control module object is a variable temperature thermostat, a variable flow cooling water pump, and a proportional relief valve.
  • the communication interface can feed current information back to the computer display.
  • the control process of the diesel engine variable altitude variable flow cooling system includes the following steps:
  • the ECU After the engine is started, the ECU first reads the current ambient pressure, temperature and diesel engine speed, load and obtains the current state of the thermostat opening and the cooling water pump speed through the calibration MAP;
  • the ECU reads the current cooling water temperature. If the water temperature is lower than the minimum target value (T min ), the ECU calculates the deviation between the measured value and the target value, reads the thermostat opening degree and the cooling water pump speed MAP, and adjusts the driving circuit.
  • the duty cycle of the PWM, control actuator through the coordinated control of the thermostat opening degree and the cooling water pump speed, reasonably distribute the total cooling water flow and the large and small circulating flow, so that the cooling water temperature rises to the target value and realizes the change.
  • variable altitude coolant flow system of the invention controls the coolant flow rate by controlling the variable flow cooling water pump speed and the variable temperature thermostat opening degree, and the variable temperature cooling air flow system controls the proportional relief valve opening in the hydraulically driven cooling fan. Control the cooling fan speed to change the cooling air flow.
  • the ECU in the control system queries the proportional relief valve according to different altitude environmental conditions (atmospheric pressure, atmospheric temperature, boiling point of the coolant) and diesel operating conditions (speed, load).
  • degree, thermostat opening and cooling pump speed MAP from electrical signal to analog signal to the actuator, real-time control of the cooling fan proportional relief valve opening, thermostat opening and cooling pump speed, so that 0m ⁇ 5500m
  • Figure 1 is a general plan view of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an ECU control unit of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a flow chart of the control system of the present invention.
  • 1-engine 2-control unit (ECU); 3-radiator; 4-temperature thermostat; 5-hydraulic motor; 6-variable flow pump; 7, 8-coolant temperature sensor; 10, 11-coolant flow sensor; 12-hydraulic oil pump; 13-hydraulic fuel tank; 14-oil filter; 15-oil cooler; 16-proportional relief valve; 17-power supply; 18-cooling fan; 19-variable Temperature thermostat thermostat actuator; 20-variable flow pump actuator; 21-hydraulic fan proportional relief valve actuator.
  • a diesel engine variable altitude variable flow cooling system consists of a variable altitude variable coolant flow system, a variable altitude variable cooling air flow system and a control system.
  • the variable altitude variable coolant flow system is composed of a radiator 3, a variable flow cooling water pump 6, and a variable temperature thermostat 4, and the variable altitude variable cooling air flow system is composed of a hydraulic oil tank 13, a hydraulic oil pump 12, and a proportional relief valve.
  • the control system It consists of ECU control unit 2, temperature sensor and flow sensor.
  • the variable flow cooling water pump is driven by a motor, and the cooling fan is driven by a hydraulic system.
  • the ECU controls the proportional relief valve opening, the pump speed and the thermostat opening.
  • the coolant temperature sensor 7 and the coolant flow sensor 11 are installed on a coolant outlet line between the diesel engine outlet and the variable temperature thermostat, and the coolant flow sensors 9, 10 are respectively installed at the two outlets of the thermostat.
  • the coolant temperature sensor 8 is mounted on a coolant line of the radiator outlet;
  • the electronic control unit ECU includes a power module, a microcontroller ATmeaga128 single chip, a signal acquisition module, an output control module, and a communication interface, and the signal acquisition module
  • the analog input includes: atmospheric pressure signal, ambient temperature signal, air density signal, coolant boiling point signal and other input signals.
  • the digital input includes: diesel engine speed signal, driving speed signal and fault display switch signal, etc., ECU control unit output control
  • the object is a thermostat 4, a variable flow water pump 6 and a proportional relief valve 16; its communication interface can feed current information back to the computer display.
  • the system converts high altitude environmental conditions such as atmospheric pressure, temperature and coolant boiling point, and thermal parameters of the cooling system, and the thermal state of the diesel engine at different altitudes into digital signals, which are transmitted to the ECU.
  • the ECU queries the proportional relief valve according to the input signal. Degree, thermostat opening and cooling pump speed MAP, from electrical signals to analog signals to the actuator, real-time control of the cooling fan proportional relief valve opening, thermostat opening and cooling pump speed.
  • the system is a dynamic random measurement and control feedback system, which can change the average voltage of the output to the DC motor by adjusting the duty ratio of the PWM in the driving circuit according to the current water temperature and the target water temperature, so as to complete the total flow rate and the circulating flow rate of the diesel engine coolant.
  • the distribution and cooling air flow are coordinated for control.
  • the control method can minimize the energy consumption of the cooling system and improve the heat dissipation efficiency, and realize the real-time optimal control of the cooling intensity of the diesel engine in the range of 0 to 5500 m.
  • the control process of the present invention includes the following steps:
  • the ECU After the engine is started, the ECU first reads the current ambient pressure, temperature and diesel engine speed, load and obtains the current state of the thermostat opening and the cooling water pump speed through the calibration MAP;
  • the ECU reads the current cooling water temperature. If the water temperature is lower than the minimum target value (T min ), the ECU calculates the deviation between the measured value and the target value, reads the thermostat opening degree and the cooling water pump speed MAP, and adjusts the driving circuit.
  • the duty cycle of the PWM, control actuator through the coordinated control of the thermostat opening degree and the cooling water pump speed, reasonably distribute the total cooling water flow and the large and small circulating flow, so that the cooling water temperature rises to the target value and realizes the change.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combined Controls Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Control Of Temperature (AREA)

Abstract

Provided is a diesel engine variable-altitude variable-flow cooling system, comprising a variable-altitude, variable coolant flow system, a variable-altitude, variable cooling-air flow system, and a control system; the variable-altitude variable coolant flow system comprises a variable-flow water pump (6), a variable-temperature thermostat (4), and a heat sink (3); a cooling fan (18) of the variable-altitude variable cooling-air flow system is connected to a hydraulic control apparatus; the control system comprises an ECU control unit (2), a temperature sensor (7) mounted on a coolant outlet pipeline between the diesel engine outlet and the variable-temperature thermostat (4), a temperature sensor (8) mounted on the coolant pipeline of the outlet of the heat sink (3), a flow sensor (11) mounted on the coolant outlet pipeline between the diesel engine outlet and the variable-temperature thermostat (4), and two coolant flow sensors (9, 10) mounted on the two outlets of the variable-temperature thermostat (4).

Description

柴油机变海拔变流量冷却***及其控制过程Diesel engine variable altitude variable flow cooling system and its control process 技术领域Technical field
本发明涉及柴油机技术领域，特别是涉及一种柴油机高海拔变流量冷却***。The invention relates to the technical field of diesel engines, in particular to a diesel high-altitude variable flow cooling system.
背景技术Background technique
车辆、工程机械等动力装备在高原运行时，由于散热性能变差以及柴油机热负荷增大等导致柴油机出现冷却水易开锅、冷却***冷却能力下降、机体易过热等问题，并将最终导致柴油机在高原地区持续作业能力和作业强度均存在不同程度的下降。这些问题可以归结为柴油机冷却***与柴油机工作过程匹配性变差。When the power equipment such as vehicles and construction machinery is running on the plateau, the diesel engine has problems such as the cooling water is easy to open, the cooling capacity of the cooling system is reduced, and the body is easily overheated due to poor heat dissipation performance and increased diesel engine thermal load. There are different degrees of decline in the continuous operation capacity and operation intensity in the plateau. These problems can be attributed to the poor matching of the diesel engine cooling system and the diesel engine working process.
传统的柴油机冷却***即由柴油机曲轴通过带传动直接驱动冷却***部件(水泵、风扇)。这种冷却***的冷却能力是按照柴油机最大热负荷工况设计的，不能根据柴油机变工况冷却散热需求实时调节，此局限性导致了柴油机传统冷却***无法适应不同海拔、工况下的冷却需求，造成高海拔下冷却不足或低海拔部分负荷冷却过度，并且机械式冷却***能耗大，在发动机额定工况下的功耗占发动机有效输出的5％～12％，其以高速状态离合时,给发动机带来较大的热冲击应力。由于石蜡节温器具有响应延时和“滞回”的特性，无法根据发动机水温的变化做出实时的、准确的晌应，存在节温器并没有完全开启，冷却风扇却开始对散热器强化散热的情况，由于冷却液并没有全部流经散热器，所以冷却风扇的散热效率降低。调节循环水泵的流量只是改变了冷却液循环的总流量，冷却液大循环流量和小循环流量具体变化了多少受节温器开度的影响，而石蜡节温器的开度与冷却液温度之间并不是一一对应的关系，石蜡节温器不能实现对冷却液大、小循环流量分配的精确控制。目前，针对柴油机冷却***的改进主要围绕在冷却***部件(如水泵、风扇、节温器)的单一控制方面，但在高原特殊环境下，单一部件的优化控制不足以满足柴油机变海拔 的散热需求，因此对冷却***进行集成控制成为高原柴油机冷却的必要手段。The traditional diesel engine cooling system directly drives the cooling system components (pumps, fans) from the diesel engine crankshaft through the belt drive. The cooling capacity of this cooling system is designed according to the maximum thermal load condition of the diesel engine. It cannot be adjusted in real time according to the cooling and cooling requirements of the diesel engine. This limitation leads to the failure of the traditional cooling system of the diesel engine to meet the cooling requirements under different altitudes and working conditions. Causes insufficient cooling at high altitudes or excessive cooling of low-altitude parts, and the mechanical cooling system consumes a large amount of energy. The power consumption under the rated engine conditions accounts for 5% to 12% of the effective output of the engine. When it is clutched at a high speed. , to bring greater thermal shock stress to the engine. Because the paraffin thermostat has the characteristics of response delay and “hysteresis”, it can't make real-time and accurate response according to the change of engine water temperature. The thermostat is not fully turned on, and the cooling fan starts to strengthen the radiator. In the case of heat dissipation, since the coolant does not flow through the radiator, the heat dissipation efficiency of the cooling fan is lowered. Adjusting the flow rate of the circulating water pump only changes the total flow rate of the coolant circulation. The specific circulation of the coolant and the small circulation flow rate are specifically affected by the opening degree of the thermostat, and the opening degree of the paraffin thermostat and the temperature of the coolant There is no one-to-one correspondence between the paraffin thermostats, and the precise control of the large and small circulating flow distribution of the coolant cannot be achieved. At present, the improvement of the diesel engine cooling system mainly focuses on the single control of the cooling system components (such as water pump, fan, thermostat), but in the special environment of the plateau, the optimal control of the single component is insufficient to meet the cooling demand of the diesel engine. Therefore, the integrated control of the cooling system becomes a necessary means for the cooling of the plateau diesel engine.
发明内容Summary of the invention
针对现有柴油机高海拔冷却***存在的技术缺陷，本发明提供一种柴油机高海拔变流量冷却***，该***可根据不同海拔大气压力、温度、冷却液沸点等高海拔环境条件参数和冷却***热力参数，以及不同海拔柴油机热状态，对柴油机冷却液总流量、大小循环流量以及冷却空气流量进行协同控制，实现在0～5500m海拔范围内，柴油机冷却强度的实时最优控制。In view of the technical defects existing in the existing high-altitude cooling system of the diesel engine, the present invention provides a high-altitude variable-flow cooling system for a diesel engine, which can be based on high-altitude environmental conditions such as atmospheric pressure, temperature, and boiling point of the coolant, and cooling system heat. Parameters, as well as the thermal state of the diesel engine at different altitudes, the diesel engine total flow, the size of the circulating flow and the cooling air flow are coordinated to achieve real-time optimal control of the cooling intensity of the diesel engine in the range of 0 to 5500 m.
如上构思，本发明的技术方案是：一种柴油机变海拔变流量冷却***，包括变海拔变冷却液流量***、变海拔变冷却空气流量***和控制***；所述变海拔变冷却液流量***包括变流量冷却水泵、变温度节温器、散热器；所述变海拔变冷却空气流量***包括冷却风扇；所述冷却风扇与液压控制装置连接；所述控制***包括ECU控制单元、安装在柴油机出口与变温度节温器之间的冷却液出口管路上的温度传感器、安装在散热器出口的冷却液管路上的温度传感器、安装在柴油机出口与变温度节温器之间的冷却液出口管路上的流量传感器和分别安装在变温度节温器两个出口处的两个冷却液流量传感器，ECU控制单元与比例溢流阀、冷却液传感器、流量传感器、变流量冷却水泵和变温度节温器连接，控制比例溢流阀的开度、变流量冷却水泵的转速和变温度节温器的开度。As described above, the technical solution of the present invention is: a diesel engine variable altitude variable flow cooling system, including a variable altitude variable coolant flow system, a variable altitude variable cooling air flow system, and a control system; the variable altitude variable coolant flow system includes a variable flow cooling water pump, a variable temperature thermostat, a radiator; the variable altitude variable cooling air flow system includes a cooling fan; the cooling fan is connected to a hydraulic control device; the control system includes an ECU control unit and is installed at the diesel engine outlet a temperature sensor on the coolant outlet line between the variable temperature thermostat, a temperature sensor mounted on the coolant line of the radiator outlet, and a coolant outlet line installed between the diesel engine outlet and the variable temperature thermostat Flow sensor and two coolant flow sensors installed at the two outlets of the variable temperature thermostat, ECU control unit and proportional relief valve, coolant sensor, flow sensor, variable flow cooling water pump and variable temperature thermostat Connection, control of the opening of the proportional relief valve, variable flow cooling pump speed and variable temperature temperature The opening.
上述液压控制装置包括由液压油箱、液压油泵和液压马达组成的液压循环管路，且该液压循环管路上跨接比例溢流阀，液压马达与液压风扇连接。The hydraulic control device comprises a hydraulic circulation line composed of a hydraulic oil tank, a hydraulic oil pump and a hydraulic motor, and the hydraulic circulation line is connected with a proportional relief valve, and the hydraulic motor is connected with the hydraulic fan.
上述ECU控制单元包括电源模块、微控制器ATmeaga128单片机、信号采集模块、输出控制模块以及通信接口，所述信号采集模块中的模拟量输入有：大气压力信号、环境温度信号、空气密度信号、冷却液沸点信号和油门位置信号，数字量输入有:发动机转速信号、行驶车速信号以及故障显示开关信号，所述输出控制模块对象为变温度节 温器、变流量冷却水泵以及比例溢流阀，所述通信接口可将当前信息反馈至计算机显示。The ECU control unit includes a power module, a microcontroller ATmeaga128 single chip, a signal acquisition module, an output control module, and a communication interface. The analog inputs in the signal acquisition module are: atmospheric pressure signal, ambient temperature signal, air density signal, and cooling. The liquid boiling point signal and the throttle position signal, the digital input includes: an engine speed signal, a running vehicle speed signal, and a fault display switch signal, and the output control module object is a variable temperature thermostat, a variable flow cooling water pump, and a proportional relief valve. The communication interface can feed current information back to the computer display.
上述柴油机变海拔变流量冷却***的控制过程，包括如下步骤：The control process of the diesel engine variable altitude variable flow cooling system includes the following steps:
1)发动机启动后，ECU首先读取当前环境压力、温度和柴油机转速、负荷并通过标定MAP得到当前状态下节温器开度和冷却水泵转速；1) After the engine is started, the ECU first reads the current ambient pressure, temperature and diesel engine speed, load and obtains the current state of the thermostat opening and the cooling water pump speed through the calibration MAP;
2)ECU读取当前冷却水温度，若水温低于最低目标值(T min)，ECU计算实测值与目标值之间的偏差，读取节温器开度与冷却水泵转速MAP，调节驱动电路中PWM的占空比，控制执行器，通过对节温器开度和冷却水泵转速的协同控制，合理分配冷却水总流量和大、小循环流量，使冷却水温度上升达到目标值，实现变海拔变流量冷却***的协同反馈控制；若水温高于最低目标值并低于最高目标值(T max)，节温器开度和冷却水泵转速保持不变；若水温高于最高目标值，ECU计算实测值与目标值之间的偏差，读取节温器开度与冷却水泵转速MAP，协同控制节温器开度与冷却水泵转速，使冷却水温度达到目标值；若水温高于最高目标值，且通过节温器与冷却水泵的协同控制不能使冷却水温度降低到最高目标值以下，ECU查询比例溢流阀开度MAP，通过执行器对比例溢流阀开度的控制，实现节温器、冷却水泵、冷却风扇的协同控制。 2) The ECU reads the current cooling water temperature. If the water temperature is lower than the minimum target value (T min ), the ECU calculates the deviation between the measured value and the target value, reads the thermostat opening degree and the cooling water pump speed MAP, and adjusts the driving circuit. The duty cycle of the PWM, control actuator, through the coordinated control of the thermostat opening degree and the cooling water pump speed, reasonably distribute the total cooling water flow and the large and small circulating flow, so that the cooling water temperature rises to the target value and realizes the change. Coordinated feedback control of the altitude variable flow cooling system; if the water temperature is higher than the lowest target value and lower than the highest target value (T max ), the thermostat opening degree and the cooling water pump speed remain unchanged; if the water temperature is higher than the highest target value, the ECU Calculate the deviation between the measured value and the target value, read the thermostat opening degree and the cooling water pump speed MAP, and jointly control the thermostat opening degree and the cooling water pump rotation speed to make the cooling water temperature reach the target value; if the water temperature is higher than the highest target The value, and through the coordinated control of the thermostat and the cooling water pump can not make the cooling water temperature lower than the highest target value, the ECU queries the proportional relief valve opening degree MAP, through the actuator to the proportional relief valve opening System, to achieve thermostat, cooperative control the cooling water pump, cooling fan.
本发明具有如下的优点和积极效果：The invention has the following advantages and positive effects:
本发明变海拔变冷却液流量***通过控制变流量冷却水泵转速、变温度节温器开度控制冷却液流量，变海拔变冷却空气流量***通过控制液压驱动冷却风扇中的比例溢流阀开度控制冷却风扇转速改变冷却空气流量。The variable altitude coolant flow system of the invention controls the coolant flow rate by controlling the variable flow cooling water pump speed and the variable temperature thermostat opening degree, and the variable temperature cooling air flow system controls the proportional relief valve opening in the hydraulically driven cooling fan. Control the cooling fan speed to change the cooling air flow.
本发明在变海拔、变工况的条件下，控制***中的ECU根据不同海拔环境条件(大气压力、大气温度、冷却液沸点)以及柴油机工况(转速、负荷)，查询比例溢流阀开度、节温器开度及冷却水泵转速MAP，由电信号转换为模拟信号至执行器，实时控制冷却风扇比例溢流阀开度、节温器开度以及冷却水泵转速，从而在0m～5500m海拔范 围内，实现柴油机冷却液总流量、大小循环流量和冷却空气流量的最优控制。According to the invention, under the condition of variable altitude and variable working conditions, the ECU in the control system queries the proportional relief valve according to different altitude environmental conditions (atmospheric pressure, atmospheric temperature, boiling point of the coolant) and diesel operating conditions (speed, load). Degree, thermostat opening and cooling pump speed MAP, from electrical signal to analog signal to the actuator, real-time control of the cooling fan proportional relief valve opening, thermostat opening and cooling pump speed, so that 0m ~ 5500m The optimal control of the total coolant flow, the size of the circulating flow and the cooling air flow in the altitude range.
附图说明DRAWINGS
图1是本发明的总体设计图；Figure 1 is a general plan view of the present invention;
图2是本发明的ECU控制单元原理图；Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of an ECU control unit of the present invention;
图3是本发明的控制***流程图。Figure 3 is a flow chart of the control system of the present invention.
图中：1-发动机；2-控制单元(ECU)；3-散热器；4-变温度节温器；5-液压马达；6-变流量水泵；7、8-冷却液温度传感器；9、10、11-冷却液流量传感器；12-液压油泵；13-液压油箱；14-滤油器；15-冷油器；16-比例溢流阀；17-电源；18-冷却风扇；19-变温度节温器节温器执行器；20-变流量水泵执行器；21-液压风扇比例溢流阀执行器。In the figure: 1-engine; 2-control unit (ECU); 3-radiator; 4-temperature thermostat; 5-hydraulic motor; 6-variable flow pump; 7, 8-coolant temperature sensor; 10, 11-coolant flow sensor; 12-hydraulic oil pump; 13-hydraulic fuel tank; 14-oil filter; 15-oil cooler; 16-proportional relief valve; 17-power supply; 18-cooling fan; 19-variable Temperature thermostat thermostat actuator; 20-variable flow pump actuator; 21-hydraulic fan proportional relief valve actuator.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
以下结合附图和具体实施例对本发明作进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。The invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments. It is understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
如图1所示:一种柴油机变海拔变流量冷却***，由变海拔变冷却液流量***、变海拔变冷却空气流量***和控制***组成。所述变海拔变冷却液流量***由散热器3、变流量冷却水泵6、变温度节温器4组成，所述变海拔变冷却空气流量***由液压油箱13、液压油泵12、比例溢流阀16、液压马达5、冷却风扇18组成，其中液压油箱、液压油泵和液压马达组成液压循环管路，且该液压循环管路上跨接比例溢流阀，液压马达与液压风扇连接；所述控制***由ECU控制单元2、温度传感器、流量传感器组成。变流量冷却水泵由电机驱动，冷却风扇由液压***驱动，由ECU控制比例溢流阀开度、水泵转速与节温器开度。所述冷却液温度传感器7、冷却液流量传感器11安装在柴油机出口与变温度节温器之间的冷却液出口管路上，冷却液流量传感器9、10分别安装在节温器的两个出口处，所述冷却液温度传感器8安装在散热器出口的冷却液管路上；所述电子控制单元ECU包括 电源模块、微控制器ATmeaga128单片机、信号采集模块、输出控制模块以及通信接口，信号采集模块中的模拟量输入有：大气压力信号、环境温度信号、空气密度信号、冷却液沸点信号等输入信号，数字量输入有:柴油机转速信号、行驶车速信号以及故障显示开关信号等，ECU控制单元输出控制对象为节温器4、变流量水泵6以及比例溢流阀16；其通信接口可将当前信息反馈至计算机显示。As shown in Fig. 1: a diesel engine variable altitude variable flow cooling system consists of a variable altitude variable coolant flow system, a variable altitude variable cooling air flow system and a control system. The variable altitude variable coolant flow system is composed of a radiator 3, a variable flow cooling water pump 6, and a variable temperature thermostat 4, and the variable altitude variable cooling air flow system is composed of a hydraulic oil tank 13, a hydraulic oil pump 12, and a proportional relief valve. 16. A hydraulic motor 5 and a cooling fan 18, wherein the hydraulic oil tank, the hydraulic oil pump and the hydraulic motor form a hydraulic circulation line, and the hydraulic circulation line crosses the proportional relief valve, and the hydraulic motor is connected with the hydraulic fan; the control system It consists of ECU control unit 2, temperature sensor and flow sensor. The variable flow cooling water pump is driven by a motor, and the cooling fan is driven by a hydraulic system. The ECU controls the proportional relief valve opening, the pump speed and the thermostat opening. The coolant temperature sensor 7 and the coolant flow sensor 11 are installed on a coolant outlet line between the diesel engine outlet and the variable temperature thermostat, and the coolant flow sensors 9, 10 are respectively installed at the two outlets of the thermostat. The coolant temperature sensor 8 is mounted on a coolant line of the radiator outlet; the electronic control unit ECU includes a power module, a microcontroller ATmeaga128 single chip, a signal acquisition module, an output control module, and a communication interface, and the signal acquisition module The analog input includes: atmospheric pressure signal, ambient temperature signal, air density signal, coolant boiling point signal and other input signals. The digital input includes: diesel engine speed signal, driving speed signal and fault display switch signal, etc., ECU control unit output control The object is a thermostat 4, a variable flow water pump 6 and a proportional relief valve 16; its communication interface can feed current information back to the computer display.
本发明实现原理如下：The principle of implementation of the present invention is as follows:
该***将不同海拔大气压力、温度、冷却液沸点等高海拔环境条件参数和冷却***热力参数，以及不同海拔柴油机热状态转化为数字信号传给ECU，ECU根据输入信号，查询比例溢流阀开度、节温器开度及冷却水泵转速MAP，由电信号转换为模拟信号至执行器，实时控制冷却风扇比例溢流阀开度、节温器开度以及冷却水泵转速。该***是一种动态随机测控反馈***，可根据当前水温和目标水温通过调节驱动电路中PWM的占空比，改变输出到直流电机的平均电压，以完成对柴油机冷却液总流量和大小循环流量分配以及冷却空气流量进行协同控制。采用该控制方式，可最大限度地节约冷却***能耗，提高散热效率，在0～5500m海拔范围内，实现柴油机冷却强度的实时最优控制。The system converts high altitude environmental conditions such as atmospheric pressure, temperature and coolant boiling point, and thermal parameters of the cooling system, and the thermal state of the diesel engine at different altitudes into digital signals, which are transmitted to the ECU. The ECU queries the proportional relief valve according to the input signal. Degree, thermostat opening and cooling pump speed MAP, from electrical signals to analog signals to the actuator, real-time control of the cooling fan proportional relief valve opening, thermostat opening and cooling pump speed. The system is a dynamic random measurement and control feedback system, which can change the average voltage of the output to the DC motor by adjusting the duty ratio of the PWM in the driving circuit according to the current water temperature and the target water temperature, so as to complete the total flow rate and the circulating flow rate of the diesel engine coolant. The distribution and cooling air flow are coordinated for control. The control method can minimize the energy consumption of the cooling system and improve the heat dissipation efficiency, and realize the real-time optimal control of the cooling intensity of the diesel engine in the range of 0 to 5500 m.
本发明的控制过程包括如下步骤：The control process of the present invention includes the following steps:
1)发动机启动后，ECU首先读取当前环境压力、温度和柴油机转速、负荷并通过标定MAP得到当前状态下节温器开度和冷却水泵转速；1) After the engine is started, the ECU first reads the current ambient pressure, temperature and diesel engine speed, load and obtains the current state of the thermostat opening and the cooling water pump speed through the calibration MAP;
2)ECU读取当前冷却水温度，若水温低于最低目标值(T min)，ECU计算实测值与目标值之间的偏差，读取节温器开度与冷却水泵转速MAP，调节驱动电路中PWM的占空比，控制执行器，通过对节温器开度和冷却水泵转速的协同控制，合理分配冷却水总流量和大、小循环流量，使冷却水温度上升达到目标值，实现变海拔变流量冷却***的协同反馈控制；若水温高于最低目标值并低于最高目标值(T max)，节温器开度和冷却水泵转速保持不变；若水温高于最高目标值，ECU计 算实测值与目标值之间的偏差，读取节温器开度与冷却水泵转速MAP，协同控制节温器开度与冷却水泵转速，使冷却水温度达到目标值；若水温高于最高目标值，且通过节温器与冷却水泵的协同控制不能使冷却水温度降低到最高目标值以下，ECU查询比例溢流阀开度MAP，通过执行器对比例溢流阀开度的控制，实现节温器、冷却水泵、冷却风扇的协同控制。 2) The ECU reads the current cooling water temperature. If the water temperature is lower than the minimum target value (T min ), the ECU calculates the deviation between the measured value and the target value, reads the thermostat opening degree and the cooling water pump speed MAP, and adjusts the driving circuit. The duty cycle of the PWM, control actuator, through the coordinated control of the thermostat opening degree and the cooling water pump speed, reasonably distribute the total cooling water flow and the large and small circulating flow, so that the cooling water temperature rises to the target value and realizes the change. Coordinated feedback control of the altitude variable flow cooling system; if the water temperature is higher than the lowest target value and lower than the highest target value (T max ), the thermostat opening degree and the cooling water pump speed remain unchanged; if the water temperature is higher than the highest target value, the ECU Calculate the deviation between the measured value and the target value, read the thermostat opening degree and the cooling water pump speed MAP, and jointly control the thermostat opening degree and the cooling water pump rotation speed to make the cooling water temperature reach the target value; if the water temperature is higher than the highest target The value, and through the coordinated control of the thermostat and the cooling water pump can not make the cooling water temperature lower than the highest target value, the ECU queries the proportional relief valve opening degree MAP, through the actuator to the proportional relief valve opening System, to achieve thermostat, cooperative control the cooling water pump, cooling fan.

Claims (4)

  1. 一种柴油机变海拔变流量冷却***，包括变海拔变冷却液流量***、变海拔变冷却空气流量***和控制***；所述变海拔变冷却液流量***包括变流量冷却水泵、变温度节温器、散热器；所述变海拔变冷却空气流量***包括冷却风扇；其特征在于：所述冷却风扇与液压控制装置连接；所述控制***包括ECU控制单元、安装在发动机出口与变温度节温器之间的冷却液出口管路上的冷却液温度传感器、安装在散热器出口的冷却液管路上的冷却液温度传感器、安装在发动机出口与变温度节温器之间的冷却液出口管路上的冷却液流量传感器和分别安装在变温度节温器两个出口处的两个冷却液流量传感器，ECU控制单元与比例溢流阀、冷却液传感器、冷却液流量传感器、变流量冷却水泵和变温度节温器连接，控制比例溢流阀的开度、变流量冷却水泵的转速和变温度节温器的开度，在0m～5500m海拔范围内，实现柴油机冷却液总流量、大小循环流量和冷却空气流量的实时最优控制。A diesel engine variable altitude variable flow cooling system comprises a variable altitude variable coolant flow system, a variable altitude variable cooling air flow system and a control system; the variable altitude variable coolant flow system comprises a variable flow cooling water pump and a variable temperature thermostat The variable altitude variable cooling air flow system includes a cooling fan; wherein the cooling fan is connected to a hydraulic control device; the control system includes an ECU control unit, and is installed at an engine outlet and a variable temperature thermostat Coolant temperature sensor on the coolant outlet line, coolant temperature sensor mounted on the coolant line at the radiator outlet, cooling on the coolant outlet line between the engine outlet and the variable temperature thermostat Liquid flow sensor and two coolant flow sensors installed at the two outlets of the variable temperature thermostat, ECU control unit and proportional relief valve, coolant sensor, coolant flow sensor, variable flow cooling water pump and variable temperature section Thermostat connection, control of the opening of the proportional relief valve, variable flow cooling pump speed and temperature change The degree of opening of the thermostat, in the range of altitudes 0m ~ 5500m, real-time optimal control of the total flow of coolant, the size of the circulation flow rate and cooling air flow rate of the diesel engine.
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的柴油机变海拔变流量冷却***，其特征在于：上述液压控制装置包括由液压油箱、液压油泵和液压马达组成的液压循环管路，且该液压循环管路上跨接比例溢流阀，液压马达与液压风扇连接。The diesel variable altitude variable flow cooling system according to claim 1, wherein said hydraulic control device comprises a hydraulic circulation line composed of a hydraulic oil tank, a hydraulic oil pump and a hydraulic motor, and the hydraulic circulation line crosses over the proportional overflow. Flow valve, hydraulic motor is connected with hydraulic fan.
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的柴油机变海拔变流量冷却***，其特征在于：上述ECU控制单元包括电源模块、微控制器ATmeaga128单片机、信号采集模块、输出控制模块以及通信接口，所述信号采集模块中的模拟量输入有：大气压力信号、环境温度信号、空气密度信号、冷却液沸点信号和油门位置信号，数字量输入有:发动机转速信号、行驶车速信号以及故障显示开关信号，所述输出控制模块对象为变温度节温器、变流量冷却水泵以及比例溢流阀，所述通信接口可将当前信息反馈至计算机显示。The diesel engine variable altitude variable flow cooling system according to claim 1, wherein the ECU control unit comprises a power module, a microcontroller ATmeaga128 single chip microcomputer, a signal acquisition module, an output control module, and a communication interface, wherein the signal acquisition module is The analog input includes: atmospheric pressure signal, ambient temperature signal, air density signal, coolant boiling point signal and throttle position signal. The digital input includes: engine speed signal, running vehicle speed signal and fault display switch signal, and the output control module The object is a variable temperature thermostat, a variable flow cooling water pump and a proportional relief valve, and the communication interface can feed current information back to the computer display.
  4. 一种根据权利要求1所述的柴油机变海拔变流量冷却***的控制过程，其特征在于：包括如下步骤：A control process for a diesel engine variable altitude variable flow cooling system according to claim 1, comprising the steps of:
    1)发动机启动后，ECU首先读取当前环境压力、温度和柴油机转速、负荷并通过标定MAP得到当前状态下节温器开度和冷却水泵转速；1) After the engine is started, the ECU first reads the current ambient pressure, temperature and diesel engine speed, load and obtains the current state of the thermostat opening and the cooling water pump speed through the calibration MAP;
    2)ECU读取当前冷却水温度，若水温低于最低目标值(T min)，ECU计算实测值与目标值之间的偏差，读取节温器开度与冷却水泵转速MAP，调节驱动电路中PWM的占空比，控制执行器，通过对节温器开度和冷却水泵转速的协同控制，合理分配冷却水总流量和大、小循环流量，使冷却水温度上升达到目标值，实现变海拔变流量冷却***的协同反馈控制；若水温高于最低目标值并低于最高目标值(T max)，节温器开度和冷却水泵转速保持不变；若水温高于最高目标值，ECU计算实测值与目标值之间的偏差，读取节温器开度与冷却水泵转速MAP，协同控制节温器开度与冷却水泵转速，使冷却水温度达到目标值；若水温高于最高目标值，且通过节温器与冷却水泵的协同控制不能使冷却水温度降低到最高目标值以下，ECU查询比例溢流阀开度MAP，通过执行器对比例溢流阀开度的控制，实现节温器、冷却水泵、冷却风扇的协同控制。 2) The ECU reads the current cooling water temperature. If the water temperature is lower than the minimum target value (T min ), the ECU calculates the deviation between the measured value and the target value, reads the thermostat opening degree and the cooling water pump speed MAP, and adjusts the driving circuit. The duty cycle of the PWM, control actuator, through the coordinated control of the thermostat opening degree and the cooling water pump speed, reasonably distribute the total cooling water flow and the large and small circulating flow, so that the cooling water temperature rises to the target value and realizes the change. Coordinated feedback control of the altitude variable flow cooling system; if the water temperature is higher than the lowest target value and lower than the highest target value (T max ), the thermostat opening degree and the cooling water pump speed remain unchanged; if the water temperature is higher than the highest target value, the ECU Calculate the deviation between the measured value and the target value, read the thermostat opening degree and the cooling water pump speed MAP, and jointly control the thermostat opening degree and the cooling water pump rotation speed to make the cooling water temperature reach the target value; if the water temperature is higher than the highest target The value, and through the coordinated control of the thermostat and the cooling water pump can not make the cooling water temperature lower than the highest target value, the ECU queries the proportional relief valve opening degree MAP, through the actuator to the proportional relief valve opening System, to achieve thermostat, cooperative control the cooling water pump, cooling fan.
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CN114076042A (en) * 2020-08-11 2022-02-22 郑州宇通客车股份有限公司 Engine heat management method and vehicle adopting same

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