WO2019101030A1 - Procédé de fabrication additive faisant appel à un lit conforme de poudre plastique à température de refroidissement étagée - Google Patents

Procédé de fabrication additive faisant appel à un lit conforme de poudre plastique à température de refroidissement étagée Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019101030A1
WO2019101030A1 PCT/CN2018/116136 CN2018116136W WO2019101030A1 WO 2019101030 A1 WO2019101030 A1 WO 2019101030A1 CN 2018116136 W CN2018116136 W CN 2018116136W WO 2019101030 A1 WO2019101030 A1 WO 2019101030A1
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Prior art keywords
powder
temperature
plastic powder
plastic
laser
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PCT/CN2018/116136
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English (en)
Chinese (zh)
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李文权
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上海汉信模具制造有限公司
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Publication of WO2019101030A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019101030A1/fr

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for manufacturing a laser sintered plastic powder additive according to a stepped temperature bed.
  • the existing laser sintering plastic powder additive manufacturing process the three-dimensional digital model of the plastic product is sliced under the three-dimensional printing data processing system and the laser scanning path file is generated, and then introduced into the laser sintering additive manufacturing system, and the working platform of the forming cylinder is lowered by one layer.
  • the squeegee movement spreads a layer of powder evenly on the working platform.
  • the system starts the heating element, uniformly heats all the plastic powder on the working platform to a temperature close to the melting point, and then irradiates the area to be sintered by laser scanning to reach the plastic area.
  • the powder is melted and sintered together with the previous layer. As shown in Fig.
  • a4 is a region in which the prior art requires high temperature heating to a critical temperature T2 of the melting point of the plastic powder
  • a5 is a prior art laser sintering region.
  • the plastic powder in the working cylinder is kept at a temperature lower than T2 but favorable for laser sintering.
  • This part of the plastic powder sintered by layer-by-layer laser irradiation is cooled and solidified into a plastic product, and the plastic powder which is not melted by laser irradiation is thermally degraded and excessively heated due to being heated to a temperature T2 adjacent to the melting point and being kept in the forming cylinder for several hours.
  • the present invention has been made based on this situation.
  • the invention relates to a novel laser sintered plastic powder additive manufacturing method for heating a plastic powder by an innovative stepped temperature bed and greatly reducing the use cost of the plastic powder.
  • the invention relates to a method for manufacturing a plastic powder conformal step temperature bed, which comprises the following steps:
  • the three-dimensional digital model of the plastic product is sliced under the specific software and a file of the laser scanning path for expanding the selected area a2 and the sintered area a3 is generated, and then the document is introduced into the laser sintering additive manufacturing system;
  • scraping powder the scraper with plastic powder added in the powder tank moves on the working platform, and the plastic powder in the powder tank is evenly spread on the working platform through the scraper;
  • One-time heating heating the plastic powder on the working platform by infrared radiation to a temperature T1 at which the physical properties of the powder are not deteriorated;
  • F. laser sintering using a focused laser beam scanning irradiation in the sintering region a3, so that the plastic powder temperature of the sintering region a3 reaches the melting temperature T3;
  • the additive manufacturing system stops all heating of the plastic powder, the temperature of the forming cylinder decreases, and the plastic product is formed after the sintered molten plastic powder is cooled and solidified;
  • the temperature of the T1 temperature is promoted to the T1 temperature on each side and the bottom of the forming cylinder by the heating device or the temperature T6, T6 temperature is lower than the melting point temperature T4 of the powder, and the melting temperature T3 is lower than the melting point temperature of the powder.
  • T4 is between the powder gasification temperature T5.
  • the laser sintering in the step F comprises two steps of contour sintering and filling and sintering, wherein the contour sintering is to guide the focused laser beam to focus on the sintering region.
  • the spot focused on the working platform is scanned on the plastic powder layer to sinter the single layer profile of the product; the filling and sintering is adjusted according to the size of the contour to be filled by the real-time magnification continuously adjustable beam expander.
  • the diameter of the laser beam thereby adjusting the diameter of the spot focused on the working plane, and calculating the fastest path, guiding the laser beam to focus on the plastic powder of the working platform, and spot focusing on the working platform is scanned on the plastic powder , a single layer filled portion of the product at the sintering point.
  • the method for manufacturing a plastic powder with a stepped temperature bed as described above is characterized in that the plastic powder is one of a thermosetting plastic powder, a semi-crystalline plastic powder, and a crystalline plastic powder.
  • the method for manufacturing a plastic powder conformal step temperature bed as described above is characterized in that the T1 temperature ranges from 30 to 300 degrees Celsius, and the T2 temperature ranges from 80 to 400 degrees Celsius.
  • the additive manufacturing method of the plastic powder conformal step temperature bed as described above is characterized in that in the step E, the laser beam is used for secondary heating.
  • the additive manufacturing method of the plastic powder with the stepped temperature bed as described above is characterized in that: in the step E, the heating device is used for secondary heating by radiation or direct contact.
  • the additive manufacturing method of the plastic powder with the stepped temperature bed as described above is characterized in that the laser beam used for the secondary heating and the laser beam sintered by the laser are emitted by two different lasers.
  • the additive manufacturing method of the plastic powder with the stepped temperature bed as described above is characterized in that the laser beam used for the secondary heating and the laser beam sintered by the laser are controlled by the same laser beam to adjust the beam expander.
  • the additive manufacturing method of the plastic powder with the stepped temperature bed as described above is characterized in that the powder spreading device is a scraper or a drum.
  • the additive manufacturing method of the plastic powder with the stepped temperature bed as described above is characterized in that: the working method of the real-time multiplying continuously adjustable beam expander is to slice the three-dimensional figure according to a fixed layer thickness by using special slice software.
  • the slice data includes contour data with slice sections.
  • the laser scanning control software defines the laser spot and laser path of each area based on the characteristics of each slice data, and optimizes the spot diameter required in the area.
  • the control signal of the continuously adjustable beam expander with real-time magnification enables the real-time multiplier continuously adjustable beam expander to output laser beams with different optical paths, and realize the function of different focused spots through the laser scanner.
  • the present invention has the following advantages:
  • the invention overcomes the technical defects of degradation or excessive cross-linking of plastic powder in the existing laser-sintered plastic powder molding process, and prevents the physical properties of the plastic powder other than the sintered product in the forming cylinder from being deteriorated due to high temperature, and avoids being discarded or Avoid adding a high proportion of new powder before recycling, which greatly reduces the cost of plastic powder for sintered plastic products.
  • the present invention can realize the method of the present invention without changing the hardware of the original additive manufacturing system, or by adjusting the software to achieve precise heating according to the sintered product region.
  • the invention greatly reduces the use cost of the plastic powder, and the hardware cost of the equipment does not need to be increased, which is advantageous for realizing the mass production of plastic parts by using the laser sintering plastic powder molding method.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view of a conventional laser sintering method
  • Figure 2 is a schematic view 1 of the laser sintering method of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic view 2 of the laser sintering method of the present invention.
  • Fig. 4 is a third schematic view of the laser sintering method of the present invention.
  • a method for manufacturing a plastic powder conformal step temperature bed comprising the following steps:
  • the three-dimensional digital model of the plastic product is sliced under the specific software and a file of the laser scanning path for expanding the selected area a2 and the sintered area a3 is generated, and then the document is introduced into the laser sintering additive manufacturing system;
  • scraping powder the scraper with plastic powder added in the powder tank moves on the working platform, and the plastic powder in the powder tank is evenly spread on the working platform through the scraper;
  • One-time heating the plastic powder on the working platform of the forming cylinder is heated by infrared radiation to a temperature T1 at which the physical properties of the powder are not deteriorated;
  • F. Laser sintering scanning radiation is performed in the sintering region a3 using a focused laser beam such that the temperature of the plastic powder in the sintering region a3 reaches a melting temperature T3 or higher, which is between the melting point temperature T4 of the powder and the gasification temperature of the powder. Between T5;
  • the additive manufacturing system stops all heating of the plastic powder, the temperature of the forming cylinder decreases, and the plastic product is formed after the sintered molten plastic powder is cooled and solidified.
  • the temperature of the T1 temperature is promoted to the T1 temperature on each side and the bottom of the forming cylinder by the heating device or the temperature T6, T6 temperature is lower than the melting point temperature T4 of the powder, and the melting temperature T3 is lower than the melting point temperature of the powder.
  • T4 is between the powder gasification temperature T5.
  • a melting point temperature T4 of a plastic powder is 180 ° C
  • the critical temperature T2 of the melting point of the powder may be 178 ° C
  • the melting temperature T3 is 220 ° C
  • the powder gasification temperature T5 is 240 ° C.
  • the additive manufacturing system can control the D and E steps to simultaneously heat the plastic powders of a1 and a2 to T1 and T2, or start the plastic powder of the a2 area to T2 before starting the plastic in the a1 area.
  • the powder is heated to T1.
  • the spreading device is a scraper or a drum.
  • the method of the present invention is to change the method of heating the entire plastic powder of the molding cylinder to the critical temperature T2 of the melting point of the powder, except that the whole powder is heated to a temperature T1 at which the physical properties of the powder are not deteriorated.
  • T2 critical temperature
  • the method of the present invention is to change the method of heating the entire plastic powder of the molding cylinder to the critical temperature T2 of the melting point of the powder, except that the whole powder is heated to a temperature T1 at which the physical properties of the powder are not deteriorated.
  • the heating of the a2 region may be performed by a laser beam or by a heating device such as a heating bar for secondary heating by radiation or direct contact.
  • the laser beam used for the heating and the laser beam sintered by the laser may be emitted by two different lasers, or may be emitted by the same laser, and may be A larger laser beam is obtained by adjusting the beam expander to improve the scanning illumination efficiency for the a2 region.
  • the product is produced by heating the plastic powder expanding the selected area a2 to the powder melting point critical temperature T2, and then irradiating the sintered region a3 with the focused laser beam.
  • the method greatly reduces the amount of powder which needs to be heated to the critical temperature T2 of the melting point of the powder, that is to say, only the powder close to the area actually required to be sintered needs to be heated to the critical temperature T2 of the melting point of the powder, and most of the other powders need only be heated to be compared.
  • the low powder physical property does not change the temperature T1, so that the proportion of the powder which is degraded or over-crosslinked by the high temperature is reduced, so that the state of the recovered powder is close to the pure new powder, and it is not necessary to add a pure new powder.
  • Direct recycling improves the recycling rate of the powder and greatly reduces the cost of use without changing the original process.
  • the selection of the extended selected area a2 of the present invention is divided into several cases, and the circles, squares and triangles in the figure respectively represent the sections of three different parts products.
  • the extended selected area a2 heated to the temperature of T2 is respectively a portion along a certain distance along the edge of the respective part and including the sintered area a3;
  • the plastic powder is a method for manufacturing an additive according to a stepped temperature bed as described above, and the plastic powder is one of a thermosetting plastic powder, a semi-crystalline plastic powder, and a crystalline plastic powder.
  • the T1 temperature ranges from 30 to 300 degrees Celsius.
  • the physical properties of the powder are reversible at this temperature. After the material is cooled again at this temperature, the physical properties do not change and can be regarded as consistent with the normal temperature state. . At this temperature, the material can be completely recycled.
  • the T2 temperature ranges from 80 to 400 degrees Celsius. At this temperature, the physical properties of the material are irreversible. At this temperature, the plastic material will degrade, and the metal material will oxidize, and the particles of the material will become larger. The melting point will increase and the color will become darker. At this temperature, the material cannot be completely recycled and requires a new material to work properly. Powders of the same material do not overlap in T1 and T2 temperatures.
  • the spot focused on the working platform is scanned on the plastic powder layer to sinter the single layer profile of the product; the filling sintering is to adjust the focused laser beam by a real-time magnification continuously adjustable beam expander according to the size to be filled in the contour.
  • Diameter thereby adjusting the size of the spot diameter focused on the working plane, and calculating the fastest path, guiding the laser beam to focus on the plastic powder of the working platform, the spot focused on the working platform is scanned on the plastic powder, and the product is sintered
  • the single layer fills the part.
  • the plastic powder manufacturing method of the laser sintering additive with the stepped temperature bed, the working method of using the real-time multiplying continuously adjustable beam expander in the step E is to use the special slicing software to make the three-dimensional figure according to a fixed layer thickness.
  • the slice and slice data include contour data with slice sections.
  • the laser scan control software defines the laser spot and laser path of each area based on the characteristics of each slice data, and optimizes the spot size of each area.
  • the diameter is converted to the real-time multiplier continuously adjustable beam expander control signal, so that the real-time multiplier continuously adjustable beam expander can output different laser beams with different optical paths, and realize the function of different focused spots through the laser scanner.
  • the laser scanning control software generates contour and filled laser path data in real time and outputs control signals to control the real-time multiplier continuously adjustable beam expander and laser scanner to achieve scanning contour and filling.
  • This method is simple, quick and feasible, and can greatly improve the efficiency of laser scanning in the additive manufacturing process.
  • Additive manufacturing is a general method for directly forming physical models based on three-dimensional digital models.
  • additive manufacturing methods including laser-cured liquid photosensitive resin molding, laser sintering plastic powder molding and the like.
  • the laser variable optical path in the invention is applied to an additive manufacturing system for self-developed laser-sintered plastic powder molding, and is an application for directly manufacturing a plastic product or various plastic models.
  • the present invention adjusts the diameter of the focused laser beam by a real-time multiplying continuously adjustable beam expander, which is different from the prior art technique of adjusting the spot size by the principle of dynamic focus defocusing.
  • the working platform is horizontal, the laser stroke from the scanning galvanometer to each position of the working surface of the forming cylinder is different, which means that the focusing distance value of each working point is different, so that the same The focus coefficient is different at each position, it is difficult to get the same focused spot.
  • the energy density achieved by the material is inversely proportional to the projected area of the beam. If the spot diameter of each place does not change.
  • the real-time multiplying continuously adjustable beam expander of the present invention is also not equivalent to the prior art fixed-magnification beam expander.
  • the function of the beam expander is to expand the beam, and the spread beam is not equivalent to adjusting the spot size.
  • the prior art usually The laser beam is corrected by a fixed magnification beam expander. Because the laser beam is emitted from the laser and emitted, it will produce astigmatism, not parallel light, and the energy distribution is not uniform. Therefore, the beam expander is needed to the laser beam. The repair is performed so that the emitted laser beams are parallel and the energy distribution is uniform. Compared with the common fixed-magnification beam expander, since the output optical path is not adjustable, the focused spot is not adjustable, and the variable spot scanning function cannot be realized. Therefore, the present invention is the first to use a real-time magnification beam expander to adjust the laser spot size.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de fabrication additive faisant appel à un lit conforme de poudre plastique à température de refroidissement étagée. Le procédé comprend les étapes suivantes : l'ajout d'une poudre, le raclage de la poudre, la mise en œuvre d'un chauffage primaire, la mise en œuvre d'un chauffage secondaire sur une zone sélectionnée, la mise en œuvre d'un frittage par laser, et l'abaissement, de l'épaisseur d'une couche, du lit de poudre, et la répétition des étapes précédentes. Le système de fabrication additive interrompt le chauffage de la poudre plastique, la température du cylindre de formage diminue et, après refroidissement et solidification de la poudre plastique fondue frittée, un produit plastique est formé. L'invention pallie le défaut technique dans l'état de la technique selon lequel la poudre plastique se dégrade ou subit une réticulation excessive pendant des processus classiques de formage de poudre plastique mettant en œuvre un frittage par laser, en empêchant que les propriétés physiques de la poudre plastique non frittée se trouvant dans le cylindre de formage se détériorent du fait de la température élevée, de sorte qu'aucune poudre plastique n'est à jeter, et que la poudre peut être réutilisée sans qu'il soit nécessaire de la combiner avec une poudre neuve présente en proportion élevée, ce qui réduit fortement les coûts liés à la poudre plastique pour des produits plastiques frittés.
PCT/CN2018/116136 2017-11-23 2018-11-19 Procédé de fabrication additive faisant appel à un lit conforme de poudre plastique à température de refroidissement étagée WO2019101030A1 (fr)

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CN108044930B (zh) * 2017-11-23 2020-02-21 上海汉信模具制造有限公司 一种塑胶粉末随形阶梯温度床的增材制造方法
CN111872395B (zh) * 2020-09-28 2021-01-19 西安赛隆金属材料有限责任公司 镍基合金单晶或定向凝固零件的制备方法

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