WO2019100728A1 - 一种生活垃圾微波等离子气化和回收一体化*** - Google Patents

一种生活垃圾微波等离子气化和回收一体化*** Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019100728A1
WO2019100728A1 PCT/CN2018/094713 CN2018094713W WO2019100728A1 WO 2019100728 A1 WO2019100728 A1 WO 2019100728A1 CN 2018094713 W CN2018094713 W CN 2018094713W WO 2019100728 A1 WO2019100728 A1 WO 2019100728A1
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WIPO (PCT)
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port
microwave
microwave plasma
recovery
garbage
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PCT/CN2018/094713
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张贵新
徐岗
刘程
谢宏
邓磊
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清华大学
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Priority to US16/652,679 priority Critical patent/US11465186B2/en
Publication of WO2019100728A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019100728A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B09B5/00—Operations not covered by a single other subclass or by a single other group in this subclass
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
    • B09B3/40—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless involving thermal treatment, e.g. evaporation
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L11/00—Methods specially adapted for refuse
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L2/00—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor
    • A61L2/16—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor using chemical substances
    • A61L2/18—Liquid substances or solutions comprising solids or dissolved gases
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65F—GATHERING OR REMOVAL OF DOMESTIC OR LIKE REFUSE
    • B65F3/00—Vehicles particularly adapted for collecting refuse
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65F—GATHERING OR REMOVAL OF DOMESTIC OR LIKE REFUSE
    • B65F3/00—Vehicles particularly adapted for collecting refuse
    • B65F3/001—Vehicles particularly adapted for collecting refuse for segregated refuse collecting, e.g. vehicles with several compartments
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65F—GATHERING OR REMOVAL OF DOMESTIC OR LIKE REFUSE
    • B65F3/00—Vehicles particularly adapted for collecting refuse
    • B65F3/14—Vehicles particularly adapted for collecting refuse with devices for charging, distributing or compressing refuse in the interior of the tank of a refuse vehicle
    • B65F3/143—Means facilitating the separation of the charging, distributing or compressing devices from the tank of refuse vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65F—GATHERING OR REMOVAL OF DOMESTIC OR LIKE REFUSE
    • B65F3/00—Vehicles particularly adapted for collecting refuse
    • B65F2003/006—Constructional features relating to the tank of the refuse vehicle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65F—GATHERING OR REMOVAL OF DOMESTIC OR LIKE REFUSE
    • B65F3/00—Vehicles particularly adapted for collecting refuse
    • B65F3/14—Vehicles particularly adapted for collecting refuse with devices for charging, distributing or compressing refuse in the interior of the tank of a refuse vehicle
    • B65F3/20—Vehicles particularly adapted for collecting refuse with devices for charging, distributing or compressing refuse in the interior of the tank of a refuse vehicle with charging pistons, plates, or the like
    • B65F3/203—Vehicles particularly adapted for collecting refuse with devices for charging, distributing or compressing refuse in the interior of the tank of a refuse vehicle with charging pistons, plates, or the like with charging teeth, cutters or the like mounted on an axle or a drum

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of waste treatment using microwave plasma, and particularly relates to an integrated system of microwave plasma plasma gasification and recovery of domestic garbage.
  • China's domestic waste treatment methods mainly adopt a single treatment mode. Specifically, it mainly uses sanitary landfills, and waste incineration and composting are used as auxiliary methods.
  • direct filling Buried will result in waste of resources; due to too many sundries, the fertilizer after composting is not high enough to produce economic benefits. Incineration cannot be resourced and it is difficult to treat the odor that pollutes the atmosphere.
  • patent 201611090647.3 A domestic garbage fraction wind selection compression transport vehicle
  • patent 201620134349.9 a domestic garbage crushing sorting device
  • a domestic garbage crushing sorting device only provide a vehicle body device for garbage collection and sorting, and can not realize the daily disposal of domestic garbage.
  • Instant processing For example, the patent 201520140997.0 "Household garbage crushing and compression device” only gives a concept of garbage crushing and compression device, and does not involve the subsequent reduction and harmless treatment process of garbage.
  • the present invention provides an integrated system for microwave gasification and recycling of domestic garbage, which can effectively solve the above problems.
  • the utility model relates to a microwave plasma plasma gasification and recovery integrated system for domestic garbage, which is characterized in that the integrated system is fixed in a garbage truck compartment with a garbage inlet, and comprises a closed chain plate feeder, a shredder and a closed magnetic separator.
  • microwave plasma gasifier microwave plasma gasifier, odor processor, residual material pulverizer, integrated sewage treatment equipment, rot clinker forming screening machine, aerobic fermentation tank, scum recycling tank, plastic slag recovery tank, metal recovery tank and gas recovery
  • the closed magnetic separator has a metal material discharge port and a non-metal waste discharge port
  • the microwave plasma gasification furnace has a feed port, a solid residue recovery port for recovering organic waste, and a plastic residue recovery a mouth, an exudate recovery port and an exhaust port
  • the aerobic fermentor having a solid waste feed port, a liquid waste feed port, and a discharge port;
  • the garbage inlet of the garbage truck compartment is connected with the feeding port of the closed chain plate feeder, and is discharged into the original domestic garbage through the feeding port of the closed chain plate feeder; the discharge port of the closed chain plate feeder Connected to the feed port of the shredder; the discharge port of the shredder is connected to the inlet of the closed magnetic separator; the non-metal waste discharge port of the closed magnetic separator and microwave plasma gasification
  • the feed port of the furnace is connected, the metal material discharge port of the closed magnetic separator is connected with the metal recovery tank; the solid residue recovery port, the plastic residue recovery port, and the exudate recovery port of the microwave plasma gasification furnace
  • the exhaust port are respectively connected with the inlet of the residual material pulverizer, the plastic slag recovery tank, the inlet of the integrated sewage treatment equipment and the inlet of the odor processor, and the gas outlet of the odor processor and the gas a recovery tank connection; a discharge port of the residue pulverizer and a discharge port of the integrated sewage treatment device are respectively connected to
  • the microwave plasma gasification furnace comprises a microwave plasma torch generating device including a casing and a casing fixed to the inside of the casing, a non-metal garbage conveying device with a mesh hole, a reaction tank, and sewage extrusion separation.
  • a top of the outer casing is provided with an exhaust port of the microwave plasma gasification furnace, and a bottom of the outer casing is respectively provided with a plastic slag recovery port and an exudate recovery port of the microwave plasma gasification furnace, in the outer casing a feeding inlet of the microwave plasma gasification furnace and a solid residue recovery port are respectively disposed at upper portions of the opposite side walls;
  • the reaction tank is located at a left portion of the microwave plasma gasification furnace, and the top of the reaction tank And a bottom portion respectively connected to an exhaust port and an exudate recovery port of the microwave plasma gasification furnace;
  • the microwave plasma torch generating device is disposed near a right upper portion of the reaction tank and the microwave of the microwave plasma torch generating device a plasma torch emitting end is located in the reaction tank;
  • the non-metallic garbage conveying device runs through the middle of the reaction tank and is located at the transmitting end of the microwave plasma torch And the one end of the non-metallic garbage conveying device is disposed under the solid residue recovery port of the microwave plasma
  • the sewage extrusion separator and the funnel are respectively located above and below the non-metal garbage conveying device, and are disposed coaxially on the right side of the reaction tank, and the inlet of the sewage extrusion separator Connected to the feed port of the microwave plasma gasification furnace, the funnel bottom is connected to the exudate recovery port of the microwave plasma gasification furnace.
  • the microwave plasma torch generating device comprises a microwave generator, a circulator and a water load and a microwave waveguide resonant cavity connected in sequence; the microwave electric field having the largest amplitude of the microwave electric field resonator is arranged to emit a microwave plasma torch
  • the non-metallic microwave discharge tube protrudes from the axial waveguide of the microwave waveguide cavity and the lower port protrudes from the microwave waveguide resonator, and the discharge metal wire is fixed inside the non-metal microwave discharge tube.
  • the invention adopts a comprehensive garbage disposal mode, organically combines various domestic garbage disposal equipments to form a complete processing system, thereby improving the effect of domestic garbage disposal, realizing the resources of domestic garbage on the basis of harmless domestic garbage. Chemical, no secondary pollution to the environment.
  • the invention utilizes a shredder to uniformly crush the original garbage to a particle size of 7-10 cm, thereby greatly reducing the difficulty of subsequent processing.
  • the system divides complex waste treatment residues into three types through microwave plasma gasifier and corresponding subsequent processing equipment: for non-metallic solid residues, generally such as organic matter, can be further processed into aerobic fermentation tanks for aerobic fermentation treatment. It becomes a semi-finished product of organic fertilizer, and can be made into organic fertilizer through subsequent conventional processing; for plastics, etc., in addition to the gasification part, most of it will be melted into a liquid to enter the liquid residue recovery port, and then condensed into solid plastic slag, which is recovered by plastic slag.
  • this plastic slag can be used for further recycling and re-use;
  • the gaseous substances produced are generally carbon dioxide and water vapor, and there are also some incomplete combustion products, which are recycled to avoid polluting the atmosphere and avoid carbon emissions.
  • the system is processed, most of the raw garbage in the original domestic garbage can be effectively and harmlessly treated, and the effect is greatly reduced in the reduction and recycling of garbage.
  • All the equipments of the invention are sealed, and the exhaust gas generated during the process is processed by the odor processor, and discharged after reaching the standard, thereby ensuring the cleanliness and odor of the entire processing environment and ensuring the working environment of the workers.
  • the invention has high reliability, high processing speed for domestic garbage, high sorting rate, and no dust, noise and the like.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the structure of a microwave plasma gasification furnace of the present invention.
  • the invention provides a microwave plasma plasma gasification and recovery integrated system for domestic garbage, which is installed and fixed in a garbage truck compartment with a garbage inlet.
  • the overall structure is as shown in FIG. 1 , including a closed chain plate feeder and a shredder.
  • This embodiment adopts a double-shaft crusher, the particle size of the shredded garbage is 7-10cm), a closed magnetic separator, a microwave plasma gasifier, an odor processor, a residue pulverizer, and an integrated sewage treatment equipment.
  • rotten clinker forming screening machine aerobic fermentation tank, rotten material recovery tank, plastic slag recovery tank, metal recovery tank and gas recovery tank, closed magnetic separator has metal material discharge port and non-metal garbage discharge port, microwave
  • the plasma gasification furnace has a feed port, a solid residue recovery port (for recovering organic waste), a plastic slag recovery port, an exudate recovery port and an exhaust port, and the aerobic fermentation tank has a solid waste feed port and liquid waste. Feed inlet and discharge opening;
  • the garbage inlet of the compartment is connected with the feeding port of the closed chain plate feeder, and the original domestic garbage is discharged into the sealed chain plate feeder through the feeding port of the closed chain plate feeder;
  • the closed chain plate type is given
  • the discharge opening of the material feeder is connected with the feed port of the shredder; the discharge port of the shredder is connected with the inlet of the closed magnetic separator; the non-metal waste discharge port of the closed magnetic separator and the microwave plasma
  • the feed port of the gasifier is connected, the metal material discharge port of the closed magnetic separator is connected with the metal recovery tank; the solid residue recovery port of the microwave plasma gasifier, the plastic residue recovery port, the exudate recovery port and the row
  • the gas ports are respectively connected with the inlet of the residual material pulverizer, the plastic slag recovery tank, the inlet of the integrated sewage treatment equipment and the inlet of the odor processor, and the gas outlet of the odor processor is connected with the gas recovery tank.
  • the discharge port of the residue pulverizer and the discharge port of the integrated sewage treatment equipment are respectively connected with the solid waste feed port of the aerobic fermentation tank and the liquid waste feed port; the discharge port of the aerobic fermenter and the rot clinker
  • the inlet of the forming screening machine is connected,
  • the discharge opening of the spoiler forming screening machine is connected to the decomposing material recovery tank.
  • the structure of the microwave plasma gasification furnace is as shown in FIG. 2, comprising a casing and a microwave plasma torch generating device 10 fixed inside the casing by a bracket, a non-metallic garbage conveying device 20 with a mesh hole, a reaction tank 30, a sewage extrusion separator 40 and a funnel 50; an exhaust port 41 of a microwave plasma gasification furnace is disposed at the top of the outer casing, and a plastic slag recovery port 43 and an exudate recovery port 44 of the microwave plasma gasification furnace are respectively disposed at the bottom of the outer casing, A feed port 45 of the microwave plasma gasification furnace and a solid residue recovery port 42 are respectively disposed at upper portions of the opposite side walls of the outer casing; wherein the reaction tank 30 is located at the left portion of the gasification furnace, and the top and bottom portions of the reaction tank 30 are respectively Connected to the exhaust port 41 and the exudate recovery port 44 of the microwave plasma gasification furnace; the microwave plasma torch generating device 10 is disposed near the upper right side of the reaction tank
  • the solid residue recovery port 42 of the gasifier is disposed below, and the other end of the non-metal garbage transfer device 20 is fixed on the side wall of the casing corresponding to the solid residue recovery port 42; the sewage squeeze separator 40 and the funnel 50 are respectively located at
  • the metal garbage conveying device 20 is disposed above and below the coaxial tank on the right side of the reaction tank, and the feeding port of the sewage extrusion separator 40 is connected with the feeding port 45 of the microwave plasma gasification furnace, and the bottom of the funnel 50 and the microwave
  • the exudate recovery port 44 of the plasma gasifier is connected.
  • each component in the microwave plasma gasifier is as follows:
  • the structure of the microwave plasma torch generating device 10 is as shown in FIG. 2, and includes a microwave generator 11 connected in series, a circulator and a water load 12, and a microwave waveguide resonator 13, specifically, an output end of the microwave generator 11 and a circulator Connected to the input end of the water load 12, the output of the circulator and the water load 12 is connected to the input end of the microwave waveguide resonator 13; at the maximum amplitude of the microwave electric field of the microwave waveguide resonator 13 is provided for transmitting the microwave plasma torch
  • the non-metallic microwave discharge tube 14 is perpendicular to the axial direction of the microwave waveguide resonator 13 and the lower port protrudes from the microwave waveguide resonator 13.
  • the discharge metal wire 15 is also fixed inside the non-metal microwave discharge tube.
  • the microwave generator 11 adopts a conventional microwave generating device such as a magnetron, a speed governing tube, a traveling wave tube, a gyrotron or an all-solid-state microwave source; the circulator and the water load 12 are formed by using a standard waveguide circulator and a water load.
  • the microwave is used for protection; the microwave waveguide resonator 13 can adopt a gradual rectangular waveguide resonator made of metal such as aluminum, copper or stainless steel, which is convenient for excitation of microwave plasma, and the upper and lower surfaces of the microwave electric field of the microwave waveguide resonator 13 are at the maximum.
  • a through hole matching the size of the non-metal microwave discharge tube 14 is disposed, and the non-metal microwave discharge tube 14 is sealedly connected to the microwave waveguide resonator 13 through the metal ring at the joint;
  • the non-metal discharge tube 14 can be made of quartz, ceramic, glass, or the like. It is made of various types of microwave-transmitting and high-temperature resistant materials, and is used as a discharge generating region for generating and maintaining microwave plasma.
  • the microwave generator 11 of the embodiment adopts a magnetron
  • the microwave waveguide resonator 12 adopts a copper rectangular gradual waveguide resonator
  • the non-metal microwave discharge tube 14 adopts a quartz stone tube with a diameter of 40 mm and is disposed at a distance from the microwave waveguide resonator.
  • the discharge wire 15 is made of copper wire.
  • the structure of the non-metallic garbage conveying device 20 is as shown in FIG. 2, and includes a material conveying belt 21 and a motor 22 provided with a mesh hole; wherein the mesh holes are evenly arranged along the axial direction of the material conveying belt for supplying permeate and melting on the material conveying belt.
  • the plastic is passed through, and the conventional stainless steel conveyor belt is used in the embodiment; the motor is used to drive the material conveyor belt, and is fixed on the side wall of the gasifier casing.
  • the conveying speed of the material conveyor belt is adjusted by the motor to control the gasifier. The time during which microwave plasma treats garbage.
  • the cross section of the reaction tank 30 is a rectangular shape in the upper part and a funnel shape in the lower part, and is made of a metal material.
  • the opposite side walls of the middle portion of the reaction tank are respectively provided with holes for the material conveying belt 21 to pass through.
  • the sewage squeeze separator 40 of the present embodiment employs a conventional squeeze type solid-liquid separator.
  • the integrated waste gas plasma gasification and recovery system for domestic garbage provided by the invention has the following work processes:
  • the non-metallic waste enters the sewage extrusion separator through the feed port of the microwave plasma gasification furnace, and the permeate generated by the extrusion of the sewage extrusion separator falls into the lower funnel 50 through the sieve hole on the material conveyor belt, and is recovered by the permeate.
  • the mouth enters the integrated sewage treatment equipment; the solid non-metallic waste generated by the extrusion of the sewage extrusion separator is transported to the microwave plasma torch generating area in the reaction tank 30 via the material conveyor belt, and processed by the microwave plasma torch to perform solid state non- Decomposition and gasification of metal waste: (a) For wastes that cannot be degraded such as plastics, in addition to the gasification part (produces CO 2 , CO, H 2 , H 2 O, etc.), most of them will melt and pass through the mesh of the material conveyor.
  • the plastic slag recovery port 43 of the gasification furnace is discharged into the plastic slag recovery tank, and the molten plastic slag is automatically condensed into solid plastic slag due to temperature difference during the process of entering the plastic slag recovery tank; (b) for the remaining solid state non- Metallic garbage (mainly organic matter, such as pectin core, wood block, may also contain some bricks, stones, etc. present in the garbage) is transported to the gasifier by the material conveyor belt 21
  • the residual residue recovery port 42 enters the residue pulverizer;
  • the gas generated by the gasification process including carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, water vapor, and a small amount of taste-containing organic waste gas, etc. passes through the exhaust port 41 of the gasification furnace. Enter the odor processor;
  • Post-gasification treatment (a) The liquid waste discharged from the exudate recovery port 44 of the microwave plasma gasification furnace is subjected to simple sedimentation and detoxification treatment by the integrated sewage treatment equipment, and the cleaned water to be produced is generated. The resource is introduced into the aerobic fermentation tank for fermentation; (b) the solid residue discharged through the solid residue recovery port 42 of the microwave plasma gasifier is pulverized into a block or agglomerate of 5 cm or less by a residue pulverizer.
  • the gas discharged through the microwave plasma gasifier exhaust port 41 is deodorized by the odor processor and recovered by the gas recovery tank; the aerobic fermentation tank is fermented
  • the semi-finished product of the organic fertilizer produced by the post-cutting machine is screened by a scumming material screening machine to remove some bricks, stones and the like which are missing in the process and obtained in the process, and obtain the rot clinker, and the generated rot chopping material is recovered from the rot chopping material recovery tank.

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Abstract

一种生活垃圾微波等离子气化和回收一体化***，该***固定在具有垃圾入口的垃圾车车厢中，包括依次连接的密闭链板式给料机、撕碎机和密闭式磁选机，该磁选机还分别与微波等离子气化炉和金属回收罐连接，微波等离子气化炉还分别与臭气处理器、塑渣回收罐、一体化污水处理设备和剩余物粉碎机连接，臭气处理器与气体回收罐连接，剩余物粉碎机和一体化污水处理设备均与好氧发酵罐连接，该好氧发酵罐通过腐熟料成型筛选机与腐熟料回收罐连接；该***引进微波等离子气化炉，将多种生活垃圾处理设备有机地结合在一起，在生活垃圾无害化的基础上，实现生活垃圾的资源化，对环境无二次污染。

Description

一种生活垃圾微波等离子气化和回收一体化*** 技术领域
本发明属于利用微波等离子进行垃圾处理技术领域，具体涉及一种生活垃圾微波等离子气化和回收一体化***。
背景技术
随着我国经济实力和技术储备的增强，各种生活垃圾处理处置技术在我国得到了不同程度、不同范围的研究和应用，很多地区已经建立了现代化填埋场、机械化堆肥厂和焚烧厂等多种处理设施。
目前，我国生活垃圾处理方式主要采用单一处理模式，具体的，主要以卫生填埋为主，垃圾焚烧和堆肥等方式作为辅助方式，但是，由于我国生活垃圾成分复杂，有机物含量较高，直接填埋将造成资源浪费；由于杂物太多，堆肥后肥效不高，无法产生经济效益。焚烧无法达到资源化利用，并且产生难以处理污染大气的臭气。
因此，单一处理模式难以满足数量日益增长、成分日益复杂的生活垃圾无害化、减量化、资源化的处理要求。如专利201611090647.3《一种生活垃圾分数风选压缩运输车》以及专利201620134349.9《一种生活垃圾粉碎分选装置》仅提供了一种垃圾回收分选的车体装置，不能实现生活垃圾的随时处理，即时处理。如专利201520140997.0《生活垃圾粉碎压缩装置》，也仅仅给出了一种垃圾粉碎压缩的装置概念，并未涉及垃圾的后续减量化、无害化处理过程。
发明内容
针对现有技术存在的缺陷，本发明提供一种生活垃圾微波等离子气化和回收一体化***，可有效解决上述问题。
本发明采用的技术方案如下：
一种生活垃圾微波等离子气化和回收一体化***，其特征在于，该一体化***固定在具有垃圾入口的垃圾车车厢中，包括密闭链板式给料机、撕碎机、密闭式磁选机、微波等离子气化炉、臭气处理器、剩余物粉碎机、一体化污水处理设备、腐熟料成型筛选机、好氧发酵罐、腐熟料回收罐、塑渣回收罐、金属回收罐以及气体回收罐；所述密闭式磁选机具有金属物质排料口和非金属垃圾排料口，所述微波等离子气化炉具有进料口、用于回收有机物垃圾的固态剩余物回收口、塑渣回收口、渗出液回收口和排气口，所述好氧发酵罐具有固体垃圾进料口、液体垃圾进料口和排料口；其中，
所述垃圾车车厢的垃圾入口与密闭链板式给料机的进料口连接，通过密闭链板式给料机的进料口卸入原始生活垃圾；所述密闭链板式给料机的排料口与撕碎机的进料口连接；所述 撕碎机的排料口与密闭式磁选机的进料口连接；所述密闭式磁选机的非金属垃圾排料口与微波等离子气化炉的进料口连接，所述密闭式磁选机的金属物质排料口与金属回收罐连接；所述微波等离子气化炉的固态剩余物回收口、塑渣回收口、渗出液回收口和排气口分别与剩余物粉碎机的进料口、塑渣回收罐、一体化污水处理设备的进料口和臭气处理器的进气口连接，该臭气处理器的出气口与气体回收罐连接；所述剩余物粉碎机的出料口和一体化污水处理设备的出料口分别与好氧发酵罐的固体垃圾进料口和液体垃圾进料口连接；所述好氧发酵罐的排料口与腐熟料成型筛选机的进料口连接，该腐熟料成型筛选机的出料口与腐熟料回收罐连接。
优选地，所述微波等离子气化炉包括包括一外壳以及分别通过支架固定在所述外壳内部的微波等离子体炬发生装置、带有筛孔的非金属垃圾传送装置、反应罐、污水挤压分离机和漏斗；所述外壳的顶部设置所述微波等离子气化炉的排气口，外壳的底部分别设置所述微波等离子气化炉的塑渣回收口和渗出液回收口，在所述外壳两相对的侧壁中上部分别设置所述微波等离子气化炉的进料口和固态剩余物回收口；其中，所述反应罐位于所述微波等离子气化炉内左部，该反应罐的顶部和底部分别与所述微波等离子气化炉的排气口和渗出液回收口连接；所述微波等离子体炬发生装置靠近所述反应罐右侧上部设置且该微波等离子体炬发生装置的微波等离子炬发射端位于所述反应罐内；所述非金属垃圾传送装置贯穿所述反应罐中部且位于所述微波等离子炬发射端下方，该非金属垃圾传送装置一端紧靠所述微波等离子气化炉的固态剩余物回收口下方设置，该非金属垃圾传送装置另一端固定在与所述固态剩余物回收口对应的外壳侧壁上；所述污水挤压分离机和漏斗分别位于所述非金属垃圾传送装置的上、下方，且均位于所述反应罐的右侧共轴设置，所述污水挤压分离机的进料口与所述微波等离子气化炉的进料口连接，所述漏斗底部与所述微波等离子气化炉的渗出液回收口连接。
优选地，所述微波等离子体炬发生装置包括依次连接的微波发生器、环形器和水负载以及微波波导谐振腔；所述微波波导谐振腔的微波电场幅值最大处设置用于发射微波等离子炬的非金属微波放电管，该非金属微波放电管垂直于所述微波波导谐振腔的轴向且下端口凸出于所述微波波导谐振腔，该非金属微波放电管内部固定有放电金属丝。
本发明提供的一种生活垃圾微波等离子气化和回收一体化***具有以下优点：
本发明采用垃圾综合处理模式，将多种生活垃圾处理设备有机地结合在一起，形成完整的处理***，从而改善生活垃圾处理的效果，在生活垃圾无害化的基础上，实现生活垃圾的资源化，对环境无二次污染。
本发明利用撕碎机能够将原始垃圾均匀破碎，达到粒径7-10cm，从而大大降低了后续处理的难度。该***通过微波等离子气化炉以及相应的后续处理设备将复杂垃圾处理剩余物分成三种类型：对于非金属固体剩余物，一般如有机质等，可进一步处理进入好氧发酵罐进行 好氧发酵处理，成为有机肥料半成品，经过后续的常规加工即可制成有机肥料；对于塑料等，除了气化部分，大多会熔融成为液态进入液态剩余物回收口，再凝结成为固态塑渣，通过塑渣回收罐回收，这种塑渣可以进行进一步回收重塑利用；而产生的气态物质，一般为二氧化碳和水蒸汽，也存在一些不完全燃烧产物，通过回收，避免污染大气，避免碳排放。最终经过本***处理后，原始生活垃圾中绝大部分垃圾都能够进行有效的无害化处理，在垃圾的减量化和资源化处理上效果卓著。
本发明所有设备均采用密闭处理，期间产生的废气通过臭气处理器进行处理，达标后排放，从而保障了整个处理环境的整洁无臭，保障了工人的工作环境。
本发明可靠性高，对生活垃圾的处理速度快、分选率高，并且不会产生粉尘、噪声等危害。
附图说明
图1为本发明的整体结构示意图。
图2为本发明中微波等离子气化炉的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明所解决的技术问题、技术方案及有益效果更加清楚明白，以下结合附图及实施例，对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。
本发明提供一种生活垃圾微波等离子气化和回收一体化***，该体统安装固定在具有垃圾入口的垃圾车车厢内，整体结构如图1所示，包括密闭链板式给料机、撕碎机(本实施例采用双轴破碎机，撕碎后的垃圾粒径为7-10cm)、密闭式磁选机、微波等离子气化炉、臭气处理器、剩余物粉碎机、一体化污水处理设备、腐熟料成型筛选机、好氧发酵罐、腐熟料回收罐、塑渣回收罐、金属回收罐以及气体回收罐，密闭式磁选机具有金属物质排料口和非金属垃圾排料口，微波等离子气化炉具有进料口、固态剩余物回收口(用于回收有机物垃圾)、塑渣回收口、渗出液回收口和排气口，好氧发酵罐具有固体垃圾进料口、液体垃圾进料口和排料口；
其中，车厢的垃圾入口与密闭链板式给料机的进料口连接，通过密闭链板式给料机的进料口，向该密闭链板式给料机内卸入原始生活垃圾；密闭链板式给料机的排料口与撕碎机的进料口连接；撕碎机的排料口与密闭式磁选机的进料口连接；密闭式磁选机的非金属垃圾排料口与微波等离子气化炉的进料口连接，密闭式磁选机的金属物质排料口与金属回收罐连接；微波等离子气化炉的固态剩余物回收口、塑渣回收口、渗出液回收口和排气口分别与剩余物粉碎机的进料口、塑渣回收罐、一体化污水处理设备的进料口和臭气处理器的进气口连接，臭气处理器的出气口与气体回收罐连接；剩余物粉碎机的出料口和一体化污水处理设备的出 料口分别与好氧发酵罐的固体垃圾进料口和液体垃圾进料口连接；好氧发酵罐的排料口与腐熟料成型筛选机的进料口连接，该腐熟料成型筛选机的出料口与腐熟料回收罐连接。
本发明一体化***各组成部件的具体实现方式和功能分别说明如下：
微波等离子气化炉的结构如图2所示，包括一外壳以及分别通过支架固定在该外壳内部的微波等离子体炬发生装置10、带有筛孔的非金属垃圾传送装置20、反应罐30、污水挤压分离机40和漏斗50；在外壳的顶部设置微波等离子气化炉的排气口41，外壳的底部分别设置微波等离子气化炉的塑渣回收口43和渗出液回收口44，在外壳两相对的侧壁中上部分别设置微波等离子气化炉的进料口45和固态剩余物回收口42；其中，反应罐30位于气化炉内左部，反应罐30的顶部和底部分别与微波等离子气化炉的排气口41和渗出液回收口44连接；微波等离子体炬发生装置10靠近反应罐30右侧上部设置且微波等离子体炬发生装置的微波等离子炬发射端位于反应罐30内；非金属垃圾传送装置20贯穿反应罐30中部且位于微波等离子炬发射端下方，该非金属垃圾传送装置20一端紧靠微波等离子气化炉的的固态剩余物回收口42下方设置，非金属垃圾传送装置20另一端固定在与固态剩余物回收口42对应的外壳侧壁上；污水挤压分离机40和漏斗50分别位于非金属垃圾传送装置20的上、下方，且均位于反应罐的右侧共轴设置，污水挤压分离机40的进料口与微波等离子气化炉的进料口45连接，漏斗50底部与微波等离子气化炉的渗出液回收口44连接。
微波等离子气化炉中各部件具体结构说明如下：
微波等离子体炬发生装置10的结构如图2所示，包括依次连接的微波发生器11、环形器和水负载12以及微波波导谐振腔13，具体地，微波发生器11的输出端与环形器和水负载12的输入端连接，环形器和水负载12的输出端与微波波导谐振腔13的输入端连接；在微波波导谐振腔13的微波电场幅值最大处设置用于发射微波等离子炬的非金属微波放电管14，该放电管垂直于微波波导谐振腔13的轴向且下端口凸出于微波波导谐振腔13，该非金属微波放电管内部还固定有放电金属丝15。其中，微波发生器11采用磁控管、调速管、行波管、回旋管或者全固态微波源等常规的微波发生器件；环形器和水负载12采用标准波导环形器和水负载，对产生的微波进行保护；微波波导谐振腔13可采用铝、铜、不锈钢等金属材质的渐变矩形波导谐振腔，便于微波等离子体的激发，在微波波导谐振腔13的微波电场幅值最大处的上下表面均设置与非金属微波放电管14尺寸相匹配的通孔，在连接处非金属微波放电管14通过金属圈与微波波导谐振腔13密封连接；非金属放电管14可采用石英、陶瓷、玻璃等各类微波透射且耐高温材料制成，作为放电发生区域，用于产生和维持微波等离子。本实施例的微波发生器11采用磁控管，微波波导谐振腔12采用铜质的矩形渐变波导谐振腔，非金属微波放电管14采用直径为40mm的石英石管、设置在距离微波波导谐振腔末端3.6cm处(按照四分之一的微波波导波长计算，本实施例微波波导波长为14.7cm)，放电金属丝15采用铜丝。
非金属垃圾传送装置20的结构如图2所示，包括设有筛孔的物料传送带21和电动机22；其 中，筛孔沿物料传送带轴线方向均匀布设，用于供物料传送带上的渗透液和融化态塑料通过，本实施例的采用常规的不锈钢输送网带；电动机用于驱动物料传送带，固定在气化炉外壳侧壁上，为常规产品，通过电动机调节物料传送带的传送速度从而控制气化炉内微波等离子处理垃圾的时间。
反应罐30的截面为上部为类矩形、下部呈漏斗状，采用金属材质制成，反应罐中部相对的两侧壁上分别设有供物料传送带21通过的孔道。本实施例的污水挤压分离机40采用常规的挤压式固液分离机。
本发明其它各组成部件均为常规产品或通过本领域的现有技术予以实现。本发明所有设备均采用密闭处理。
本发明提供的生活垃圾微波等离子气化和回收一体化***，工作流程为：
(1)原始垃圾直接卸入密闭链板式给料机；
(2)通过密闭链板式给料机的旋转传送作用，垃圾进入到撕碎机，该撕碎机将原始垃圾进行破碎，通过剪切、撕裂和挤压，达到减小垃圾尺寸的目的(具体地，撕碎后的垃圾粒径为7-10cm)；其中，撕碎机采用双轴破碎机抗冲击能力强，可以破碎金属，并且刀具能够重复利用，大大降低维护成本；
(3)垃圾进入到密闭式磁选机；密闭式磁选机将撕碎后物料中的金属物质选出后回收利用；
(4)磁选出金属物质的垃圾进入到金属回收罐，剩余的非金属垃圾进入微波等离子气化炉进行处理；具体地，
非金属垃圾通过微波等离子气化炉的进料口进入污水挤压分离机，经过污水挤压分离机挤压作用产生的渗透液通过物料传送带上的筛孔落入下方漏斗50，经渗透液回收口进入一体化污水处理设备；经过污水挤压分离机挤压作用产生的固态非金属垃圾经物料传送带运送至反应罐30中的微波等离子体炬发生区域，经微波等离子体炬处理，进行固态非金属垃圾的分解气化过程：(a)对于塑料等无法降解的垃圾，除了气化部分(产生CO 2、CO、H 2、H 2O等)，大多会熔融并透过物料传送带的筛孔从气化炉的塑渣回收口43排出进入塑渣回收罐，熔融态的塑渣在进入塑渣回收罐的过程中由于温差原因会自动凝结成固态塑渣；(b)对于剩余的固态非金属垃圾(主要为有机质，例如果皮果核、木块，也可能包含垃圾中存在的一些砖瓦、石块等)通过物料传送带21运送至气化炉的固态剩余物回收口42进入剩余物粉碎机；(c)对于气化过程产生的气体(包括一氧化碳、二氧化碳、氢气、水蒸气以及少量带味道的有机废气等)通过气化炉的排气口41进入臭气处理器；
(5)气化后处理：(a)经微波等离子气化炉渗出液回收口44排出的液态垃圾通过一体化污水处理设备对污水进行简单的沉降去毒害处理，将产生的清洁化的水资源通入好氧发酵罐中发酵；(b)经微波等离子气化炉固态剩余物回收口42排出的固态剩余物通过剩余物粉碎机 将剩余物粉碎成5cm以下的块状或团状等，使得尺寸进一步减小，然后进入好氧发酵罐中发酵；(c)经微波等离子气化炉排气口41排出的气体通过臭气处理器除臭后由气体回收罐回收；好氧发酵罐发酵后产生的有机肥料半成品经过腐熟料成型筛选机筛除体积较大及过程中遗漏的一些砖瓦、石块等，获得腐熟料，生成的腐熟料由腐熟料回收罐回收。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视本发明的保护范围。

Claims (7)

  1. 一种生活垃圾微波等离子气化和回收一体化***，其特征在于，该一体化***固定在具有垃圾入口的垃圾车车厢中，包括密闭链板式给料机、撕碎机、密闭式磁选机、微波等离子气化炉、臭气处理器、剩余物粉碎机、一体化污水处理设备、腐熟料成型筛选机、好氧发酵罐、腐熟料回收罐、塑渣回收罐、金属回收罐以及气体回收罐；所述密闭式磁选机具有金属物质排料口和非金属垃圾排料口，所述微波等离子气化炉具有进料口、用于回收有机物垃圾的固态剩余物回收口、塑渣回收口、渗出液回收口和排气口，所述好氧发酵罐具有固体垃圾进料口、液体垃圾进料口和排料口；其中，
    所述垃圾车车厢的垃圾入口与密闭链板式给料机的进料口连接，通过密闭链板式给料机的进料口卸入原始生活垃圾；所述密闭链板式给料机的排料口与撕碎机的进料口连接；所述撕碎机的排料口与密闭式磁选机的进料口连接；所述密闭式磁选机的非金属垃圾排料口与微波等离子气化炉的进料口连接，所述密闭式磁选机的金属物质排料口与金属回收罐连接；所述微波等离子气化炉的固态剩余物回收口、塑渣回收口、渗出液回收口和排气口分别与剩余物粉碎机的进料口、塑渣回收罐、一体化污水处理设备的进料口和臭气处理器的进气口连接，该臭气处理器的出气口与气体回收罐连接；所述剩余物粉碎机的出料口和一体化污水处理设备的出料口分别与好氧发酵罐的固体垃圾进料口和液体垃圾进料口连接；所述好氧发酵罐的排料口与腐熟料成型筛选机的进料口连接，该腐熟料成型筛选机的出料口与腐熟料回收罐连接。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一体化***，其特征在于，所述微波等离子气化炉包括一外壳以及分别通过支架固定在所述外壳内部的微波等离子体炬发生装置、带有筛孔的非金属垃圾传送装置、反应罐、污水挤压分离机和漏斗；所述外壳的顶部设置所述微波等离子气化炉的排气口，外壳的底部分别设置所述微波等离子气化炉的塑渣回收口和渗出液回收口，在所述外壳两相对的侧壁中上部分别设置所述微波等离子气化炉的进料口和固态剩余物回收口；其中，所述反应罐位于所述微波等离子气化炉内左部，该反应罐的顶部和底部分别与所述微波等离子气化炉的排气口和渗出液回收口连接；所述微波等离子体炬发生装置靠近所述反应罐右侧上部设置且该微波等离子体炬发生装置的微波等离子炬发射端位于所述反应罐内；所述非金属垃圾传送装置贯穿所述反应罐中部且位于所述微波等离子炬发射端下方，该非金属垃圾传送装置一端紧靠所述微波等离子气化炉的固态剩余物回收口下方设置，该非金属垃圾传送装置另一端固定在与所述固态剩余物回收口对应的外壳侧壁上；所述污水挤压分离机和漏斗分别位于所述非金属垃圾传送装置的上、下方，且均位于所述反应罐的右侧共轴设置，所述污水挤压分离机的进料口与所述微波等离子气化炉的进料口连接，所述漏斗底部与所述微波等离子气化炉的渗出液回收口连接。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的一体化***，其特征在于，所述微波等离子体炬发生装置包括依次连接的微波发生器、环形器和水负载以及微波波导谐振腔；所述微波波导谐振腔的微波 电场幅值最大处设置用于发射微波等离子炬的非金属微波放电管，该非金属微波放电管垂直于所述微波波导谐振腔的轴向且下端口凸出于所述微波波导谐振腔，该非金属微波放电管内部固定有放电金属丝。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的一体化***，其特征在于，所述微波发生器采用磁控管、调速管、行波管、回旋管或者全固态微波源的任意一种。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的一体化***，其特征在于，所述非金属放电管采用具有微波透射性能的非金属材料制成，非金属放电管与所述微波波导谐振腔的连接处通过金属圈密封连接。
  6. 根据权利要求2所述的一体化***，其特征在于，所述非金属垃圾传送装置包括设有筛孔的物料传送带和电动机；其中，所述筛孔沿所述物料传送带轴线方向均匀布设，用于物料传送带上的渗透液和融化态的塑料通过。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的一体化***，其特征在于，所述反应罐中部相对的两侧壁上分别设有供所述物料传送带通过的孔道。
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