WO2019100491A1 - 一种浮力塔平台 - Google Patents

一种浮力塔平台 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019100491A1
WO2019100491A1 PCT/CN2017/117325 CN2017117325W WO2019100491A1 WO 2019100491 A1 WO2019100491 A1 WO 2019100491A1 CN 2017117325 W CN2017117325 W CN 2017117325W WO 2019100491 A1 WO2019100491 A1 WO 2019100491A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
buoyancy chamber
buoyancy
fixed
adjustable
platform
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2017/117325
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
陈巍旻
李学华
满堂泉
王彤
唐丰
白俊磊
朱琴
刘洋
Original Assignee
惠生（南通）重工有限公司
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Publication of WO2019100491A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019100491A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B35/00—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for
    • B63B35/44—Floating buildings, stores, drilling platforms, or workshops, e.g. carrying water-oil separating devices
    • B63B35/4413—Floating drilling platforms, e.g. carrying water-oil separating devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B11/00—Interior subdivision of hulls
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B39/00—Equipment to decrease pitch, roll, or like unwanted vessel movements; Apparatus for indicating vessel attitude
    • B63B39/02—Equipment to decrease pitch, roll, or like unwanted vessel movements; Apparatus for indicating vessel attitude to decrease vessel movements by displacement of masses
    • B63B39/03—Equipment to decrease pitch, roll, or like unwanted vessel movements; Apparatus for indicating vessel attitude to decrease vessel movements by displacement of masses by transferring liquids

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of offshore platform engineering, and particularly relates to a buoyancy tower platform.
  • the jacket platform is mainly composed of an upper structure, a jacket and a pile.
  • the superstructure consists of decks that carry work or other loads.
  • the jacket is a frame structure in which a plurality of upright or tapered pipes are integrally formed by lateral and oblique links, and is used as a tool for piling positioning and guiding.
  • the pile is mainly used to bear the weight of the platform and the horizontal environmental thrust, and is transmitted to the foundation through the frictional force of the pile and the bearing force of the pile tip.
  • the advantage of the jacket type is that it has a high rigidity and the natural period is smaller than the wave period range in the ocean, thereby avoiding the occurrence of resonance.
  • the main disadvantages are long installation period and shallow water depth. The cost of construction increases significantly with the increase of water depth, and it can not be reused. The cost of platform decommissioning is higher.
  • the gravity platform relies entirely on its own weight to sit on the seabed.
  • the caisson foundation formed by pouring a large amount of concrete can not only support the superstructure, but also form a considerable oil storage space, and has the advantages of anti-corrosion and durability. But the huge weight not only poses a serious challenge to the tow installation, but also greatly limits the range of foundations that can be used.
  • the bottom platform usually consists of three parts: the upper body, the pillar and the lower body.
  • the upper body is the platform deck required for the work.
  • the lower body also known as the mat, provides the buoyancy required for movement, and is connected by a number of struts between the upper body and the lower body. By sinking and discharging ballast water into the mat, the platform can be seated and floated.
  • the bottom platform is suitable for shallow sea areas. The failure to adjust the column seriously affects the safety of the platform during towing and its applicability to different water depths.
  • the jack-up platform consists of a platform body and several legs. Through the lifting device, the platform body or the legs can be vertically moved to achieve relative movement.
  • the advantages of the self-elevating platform are mainly that the required steel is small, and it can work smoothly under various design sea conditions and can be reused.
  • the disadvantage is that the working water depth is limited by the legs, and the maximum working water depth is about 120m. Beyond this water depth, the weight of the pile leg increases rapidly, and the pile legs rise high when towing, which is unfavorable to the stability of the platform and the strength of the pile legs.
  • the upper module is connected by the connecting support leg and the upper part of the buoyancy tower, and the suction cylinder is arranged at the lower end surface of the buoyancy tower, and is closed for the upper mouth and open structure of the lower mouth.
  • the whole platform adopts the fixing method of the suction cylinder.
  • the bottom of the suction cylinder is inserted into the seabed by the weight of the buoyancy tower to fix the entire platform.
  • the platform needs to be displaced, pull the suction cylinder out of the seabed, use the tug to move the platform to the target site, and then reinsert the suction cylinder into the seabed. Therefore, the platform is low in cost and can be reused, and the installation process has the characteristics of low dependence on the offshore support ship and low cost.
  • the Chinese patent document CN201180061200.2 discloses an offshore tower for drilling and/or mining, comprising a casing, an anchor connected to the lower end of the casing, the casing including a buoyancy fixed in order from top to bottom. Cabin, variable ballast tank and fixed ballast tank.
  • the existing buoyancy tower technology solution does not have an oil storage function or only has a wet oil storage function.
  • the oil layer floats above the water layer; during the process of storage and unloading, the oil storage in the tank increases, although the oil moisture interface is always high when the ballast water is discharged.
  • Tonghaikou but under the disturbance of the environment such as waves, oil particles will still be mixed into the discharged seawater. Therefore, when the seawater is discharged, these mixed petroleum particles are discharged together, resulting in environmental pollution.
  • the upper platform module is simple and light in weight (such as unattended wellhead platform).
  • the buoyancy of some cylinders is vacant, which is a waste of material.
  • the buoyancy tower platform is adapted to the sea area with mild environmental conditions, and is not suitable for sea areas with harsh environmental conditions such as wind and waves. The reason is that the buoyancy tower platform is not completely stationary by the suction cylinder inserted into the seabed. The platform will still swing back and forth under the combined action of wave force, fluid force and wind force, that is, roll and pitch motion occur. The suction cylinder is deformed under the dual action of buoyancy tower movement and soil restraint, and generates alternating stress at the junction with the buoyancy tower and adjacent to the soil.
  • waves are caused by changes in the air pressure on the surface of the water.
  • the force of the waves decays exponentially with the depth of the water.
  • the movement of water caused by waves has become very mild.
  • the weight of the platform in one wave period can be considered to be constant, but when the waves on the water surface pass through the platform, the draughts at different positions such as the peaks and valleys of the platform are not the same, resulting in changes in buoyancy.
  • the suction cylinder is deformed by the buoyancy tower movement and the soil constraint, and generates alternating stress at the junction with the buoyancy tower and adjacent to the soil.
  • the buoyant tower platform is equipped with a rig module in the upper module, the reaction torque when the rig rotates will cause the platform to rotate. When the friction between the sidewall of the suction cylinder and the soil is insufficient to counteract the reaction torque, the platform will rotate. In addition, due to the misalignment of the environmental load, the platform may also rotate.
  • the object of the present invention is to overcome the existing technology.
  • the existing buoyancy tower technical solution does not have the oil storage function, and the oil storage device or the oil pipeline needs to be built separately, and the cost is high; although the variable ballast tank can be used for the wet oil storage, the seawater is discharged.
  • an internal space surrounded by an adjustable buoyancy chamber and a fixed buoyancy chamber is provided as an oil storage tank, and the internal space of the tower body can be fully utilized for oil storage.
  • the construction cost of the oil storage tank or the oil pipeline can be omitted; the oil storage tank can be used for dry oil storage, and the seawater discharged from the adjustable buoyancy chamber will not be mixed with petroleum particles, and the environmental protection economically significant buoyancy tower platform.
  • a buoyancy tower platform comprising a suction pile fixedly connected from bottom to top, a fixed ballast tank, an adjustable buoyancy chamber, a fixed buoyancy chamber and an upper module, and a suction pile
  • the tubular structure is closed at the upper end and open at the lower end;
  • the adjustable buoyancy chamber and the fixed buoyancy chamber are both annular chambers and are concentrically arranged, and the inner space enclosed by the adjustable buoyancy chamber and the fixed buoyancy chamber is set as the oil storage tank.
  • the upper module of the present invention includes a plurality of decks, and the working load of the platform is transmitted along the force transmission path formed by the "plate-rib-beam-column" structure, and finally transmitted to the column structure of the upper module.
  • the fixed buoyancy chamber of the present invention is completely enclosed outside, hollow inside, and is subjected to seawater pressure to provide a predetermined buoyancy of the platform.
  • the upper module When the buoyancy tower platform of the present invention is installed, the upper module is not installed, and the fixed ballast tank and the adjustable buoyancy chamber are filled with water, so that the lower tower body is erected by itself. Then, the fixed ballast tank is pressed to fix the ballast, and the overall center of gravity of the tower body is adjusted to below the floating center, so that the tower body is in a stable equilibrium state. Then, the liquid level in the adjustable buoyancy chamber is lowered, and the upper module is lifted during the installation process, so that the upper module and the tower body are integrated.
  • the buoyancy tower platform is moved to the work site, the liquid level in the adjustable buoyancy chamber is raised, so that the buoyancy tower platform is completely sunk, so that the suction pile is inserted into the seabed by its own gravity, and the soil enters the pile naturally during the insertion process.
  • the water is squeezed out, and finally the buoyancy tower platform is installed and formed, and the installation is convenient.
  • the inner space enclosed by the adjustable buoyancy chamber and the fixed buoyancy chamber of the invention is arranged as an oil storage tank, and the internal space of the tower body is fully utilized for oil storage, and the construction cost of the oil storage tank or the oil pipeline can be omitted.
  • the invention adopts the oil-water tank to carry out dry oil storage, and the seawater discharged from the adjustable buoyancy tank does not mix with petroleum particles, and the environmental protection economy is of great significance.
  • the adjustable buoyancy bay is fixedly mounted to the fixed ballast tank by the first truss.
  • the first truss is composed of a steel round tube, and the upper and lower ends of the vertical main leg members respectively pass through the adjustable buoyancy tank bottom plate and the fixed ballast tank top deck, and are inserted into the side wall plate for a distance and are inclined at the end, which is adjustable
  • the buoyancy chamber and the fixed ballast tank are connected in one piece.
  • the invention replaces part of the cylinder structure by the first truss, reduces the structural weight, avoids floating buoyancy, saves materials, reduces the sensitivity of the platform weight to the water depth, and has a simple truss structure and saves materials, thereby facilitating an increase in the height of the tower body.
  • the first truss can also partially reduce the drag force of the current, and expand the scope of the buoyancy tower platform for environmental conditions.
  • the upper module is fixedly mounted on the fixed buoyancy chamber by the second truss.
  • the main leg of the upper module of the present invention and the main leg of the second truss are butt-joined integrally, and the upper end of the vertical main leg member of the second truss is tapered, and is inserted into the upper module column to complete the butting and welding, and the second truss is integrated.
  • the lower end of the vertical main leg member passes through the top deck of the buoyancy tower and is inserted into the buoyancy tower wall for a distance and the end is chamfered.
  • the second truss of the present invention is disposed adjacent to the waterline surface. It is well known that the closer to the waterline, the shallower the water depth, the greater the speed of water point movement; since the second truss is located near the waterline, the upper module and the fixed buoyancy chamber are connected by the second truss, reducing the buoyancy tower in harsh environments.
  • the environmental forces including lateral wave force, lateral sea flow force and vertical wave force, slow down the platform movement range, expand the application range of the buoyancy tower platform to environmental conditions, and improve the reliability of the suction pile positioning function. .
  • Lateral wave force The movement of water representing the wave force is mainly concentrated near the surface of the water. From wave theory, waves are caused by changes in the air pressure on the surface of the water. The force of the waves decays exponentially with the depth of the water. At 20 meters below the surface of the water, the movement of water caused by waves has become very mild. Because the large-scale cylinder of the existing buoyancy tower has a "blocking" effect on the wavy water flow, thereby generating a huge wave and impact on the cylinder. The use of the second truss eliminates most of the lateral wave forces acting on the barrel.
  • the truss structure is still subject to some wave forces (drag force, the size can be calculated according to the Morrison formula), compared with the large size cylinder, the truss structure is subjected to the "drag force" under the action of waves, far It is smaller than the wave force received by the cylinder.
  • the outer peripheral surface of the suction pile is uniformly distributed with a plurality of fins in the circumferential direction.
  • the suction pile of the present invention is located below the fixed ballast tank.
  • the fin plate is far away from the central axis of the platform. Because of its long arm, it can generate more resistance to rotation under the same conditions of the surface pressure of the fin plate, so as to increase the resistance of the suction pile to the upper rotating load after being inserted into the seabed.
  • the height ratio of the suction pile diameter is determined by calculation, and the top end is slightly higher than the mud line to ensure that the bottom structure of the buoyancy tower does not touch the seabed during the rocking motion of the platform.
  • the suction pile is connected to the fixed ballast tank through the connecting section.
  • the fins are in the shape of an angle steel, and the longitudinal direction of the fins is arranged in parallel with the central axis of the suction pile, and has a greater resistance to rotation.
  • the upper end of the suction pile is connected with an evacuation/drainage pipe.
  • the pump uses the pump to evacuate the water in the suction pile through the evacuation/drainage pipe, and relies on the negative pressure in the pile to increase the strength of the inserted pile, which is more convenient to install.
  • the buoyancy tower needs to be displaced, the water is pumped into the evacuation/drainage pipe, and the buoyancy chamber is discharged from the buoyancy chamber to increase the buoyancy.
  • the suction pile can be pulled out together with the buoyancy tower, and the displacement is simpler.
  • the upper end of the fixed ballast tank is provided with a first through seaport, the fixed ballast tank is connected with a mortar pumping pipe; the lower end of the adjustable buoyancy tank is provided with a second through seaport, and the adjustable buoyancy tank is connected with a compressed air pipe, and is compressed The air outlet of the air tube is located above the second opening; the fixed buoyancy chamber is a closed hollow chamber.
  • the buoyancy tower of the present invention When the buoyancy tower of the present invention is towed, the first seaport and the second seaport are closed to reach the destination and the tower body is horizontally floated on the water surface. Then, when the buoyancy tower platform of the present invention is installed, the upper module is not installed, the first seaport and the second seaport are opened, and the fixed ballast tank and the adjustable buoyancy tank are filled with water to realize the lower tower body. Raise the right and right. After erecting, the grinded iron ore slurry is pumped through the mortar pumping pipe to achieve the fixed ballast of the fixed ballast tank, and the overall center of gravity of the buoyancy tower platform is adjusted to below the buoyancy center, so that the buoyancy tower platform is in a stable equilibrium state.
  • part of the air is driven through the compressed air pipe, and part of the seawater is discharged through the second seaport, and the buoyancy of the tower body is increased, that is, the liquid level in the adjustable buoyancy tank is lowered by the compressed air pipe, and the buoyancy of the tower body is increased to realize the installation process.
  • the lifting of the upper module allows the upper module and the tower body to be integrated.
  • the buoyant tower platform is moved to the working site, the liquid level in the adjustable buoyancy chamber is raised by the compressed air tube, so that the buoyancy tower platform is completely sunk, so that the suction pile is inserted into the seabed by its own gravity, and the soil is inserted during the process.
  • the water naturally squeezed into the pile is finally installed and molded, and the installation is convenient.
  • the inlets of the mortar pumping tube and the compressed air tube are located on the upper module for convenient operation.
  • the inner ring hole wall of the adjustable buoyancy chamber and the fixed buoyancy chamber constitutes an inner tube of the integrated structure
  • the outer ring bulkhead of the adjustable buoyancy chamber and the fixed buoyancy chamber constitute an outer tube of the integral structure
  • the inner tube and the outer tube The two ends of the annular gap formed by the joint are closed by the end plates, and are also divided into the adjustable buoyancy chamber and the chamber of the fixed buoyancy chamber by the annular diaphragm; the ends of the inner cylinder are closed by the end plates, the two end plates and
  • the inner cylinder constitutes the compartment of the oil storage tank; the internal space of the tower body is fully utilized, the structure is simple, and the production is convenient.
  • first connecting plates are fixedly connected between the inner tube and the outer tube of the adjustable buoyancy chamber, and the first connecting plate is uniformly distributed on the inner circumference of the adjustable buoyancy chamber; the inner tube and the outer side of the fixed buoyancy chamber are fixed
  • a plurality of second connecting plates are fixedly connected between the cylinders, and the second connecting plates are uniformly distributed on the inner circumference of the fixed buoyancy chamber.
  • the first and second webs add structural strength and rigidity.
  • the buoyancy tower platform is easy to install; the inner space enclosed by the adjustable buoyancy chamber and the fixed buoyancy chamber is set as the oil storage tank, and the internal space of the tower body is fully utilized for oil storage, which can save the construction cost of the oil storage tank or the oil pipeline;
  • the oil storage tank is used for dry storage, and the seawater discharged from the adjustable buoyancy chamber is not mixed with petroleum particles, which is of great economic and economic significance;
  • the structural weight is reduced, the buoyancy is avoided, the material is saved, the sensitivity of the platform weight to the water depth is reduced, and the truss structure is simple, material is saved, and thus the height of the tower body is facilitated;
  • the first truss can also partially reduce the drag force of the current, and expand the scope of application of the buoyancy tower platform to environmental conditions;
  • the second truss Since the second truss is located near the waterline, the upper module and the fixed buoyancy chamber are connected by the second truss, reducing the environmental forces of the buoyancy tower in harsh environments, including lateral wave forces, lateral sea currents and drooping. The wave force, thereby slowing the platform movement range, expanding the application range of the buoyancy tower platform to environmental conditions, and improving the reliability of the suction pile positioning function;
  • the fin plate is far away from the central axis of the platform. Because of its long arm, it can generate more resistance to rotation under the same pressure on the surface of the fin, so as to increase the resistance of the suction pile to the upper rotating load after the seabed is inserted into the seabed.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a buoyant tower platform of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a partial enlarged view of a portion A of Figure 1;
  • Figure 3 is a partial enlarged view of a portion B of Figure 1;
  • Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along line C-C of Figure 1;
  • Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along line D-D of Figure 1;
  • Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view taken along line E-E of Figure 1.
  • suction pile 1. fixed ballast tank; 3. adjustable buoyancy chamber; 4. fixed buoyancy chamber; 5. upper module; 6. oil storage tank; 7. first truss; 8. second truss; 9. Wing plate; 10. Evacuation/drainage pipe; 11. First pass seaport; 12. Mortar pump inlet pipe; 13. Second pass seaport; 14. Compressed air pipe; 15. End plate; 16. Transverse baffle; a first connecting plate; 18. a second connecting plate; 19. an inner tube; 20. an outer tube.
  • FIGS. 1 to 6 A specific embodiment of a buoyant tower platform of the present invention as shown in FIGS. 1 to 6 includes a suction pile fixedly connected from bottom to top, a fixed ballast tank 2, an adjustable buoyancy chamber 3, and a fixed buoyancy chamber. 4 and the upper module 5, the suction pile 1 is a cylindrical structure with an upper end closed and a lower end open; the adjustable buoyancy chamber 3 and the fixed buoyancy chamber 4 are both annular chambers and are concentrically arranged, the adjustable buoyancy chamber 3 and the fixed buoyancy chamber 4 The internal space is set to the oil storage tank 6.
  • the upper module 5 of the present embodiment includes a plurality of decks, and the working load of the platform is transmitted along the force transmission path formed by the "plate-rib-beam-column" structure, and finally transmitted to the column structure of the upper module 5.
  • the fixed buoyancy chamber 4 of the present embodiment is completely enclosed outside, has a hollow interior, is subjected to seawater pressure, and provides a predetermined buoyancy of the platform.
  • the upper module 5 When the buoyancy tower platform of the embodiment is installed, the upper module 5 is not installed, and the fixed ballast tank 2 and the adjustable buoyancy chamber 3 are filled with water, so that the lower tower body is erected by itself. Then, the fixed ballast tank 2 presses the fixed ballast, and adjusts the overall center of gravity of the tower body to below the floating center, so that the tower body is in a stable equilibrium state. Next, the liquid level in the adjustable buoyancy chamber 3 is lowered, and the upper module 5 is lifted during the installation process, so that the upper module 5 and the tower body are integrated.
  • the buoyancy tower platform is moved to the work site, the liquid level in the adjustable buoyancy chamber 3 is raised, and the buoyancy tower platform is completely sunk, so that the suction pile 1 is inserted into the seabed by its own gravity, and the soil enters the pile during the insertion process.
  • the water is naturally squeezed out inside, and finally the buoyancy tower platform is installed and formed, and the installation is convenient.
  • the inner space enclosed by the adjustable buoyancy chamber 3 and the fixed buoyancy chamber 4 of the present embodiment is set as the oil storage tank 6, and the internal space of the tower body is fully utilized for oil storage, and the construction cost of the oil storage tank or the oil pipeline can be omitted.
  • the oil storage tank is used for dry oil storage, and the seawater discharged from the adjustable buoyancy chamber 3 is not mixed with petroleum particles, and the environmental protection economy is of great significance.
  • the adjustable buoyancy chamber 3 is fixedly mounted to the fixed ballast tank 2 by the first truss 7.
  • the first truss 7 is composed of a steel round tube, and the upper and lower ends of the vertical main leg members respectively pass through the bottom plate of the adjustable buoyancy chamber 3, the top deck of the fixed ballast tank 2, and are inserted into the side wall plate for a distance and are cut at the end.
  • the adjustable buoyancy chamber 3 and the fixed ballast tank 2 are connected in one piece.
  • the first truss 7 is used to replace the partial cylinder structure, the structure weight is reduced, the buoyancy is avoided, the material is saved, the sensitivity of the platform weight to the water depth is reduced, and the truss structure is simple, material is saved, and thus the tower body is easily added. height.
  • the first truss 7 can also partially reduce the drag force of the current, and expand the scope of application of the buoyancy tower platform to environmental conditions.
  • the upper module 5 is fixedly mounted to the fixed buoyancy chamber 4 by the second truss 8.
  • the main leg of the upper module 5 of the embodiment and the main leg of the second truss 8 are integrally formed, and the upper end of the vertical main leg member of the second truss 8 is tapered, and is inserted into the upper module 5 to complete the butt welding.
  • the lower end of the vertical main leg member of the second truss 8 passes through the top deck of the buoyancy tower and is inserted into the buoyancy tower wall for a distance, and the end is chamfered.
  • the second truss 8 of this embodiment is disposed near the waterline surface. As is well known, the closer to the waterline, the shallower the water depth, the greater the speed at which the water point moves; since the second truss 8 is located near the waterline, the upper module 5 and the fixed buoyancy chamber 4 are connected by the second truss 8, reducing the buoyancy tower.
  • the environmental forces in harsh environments, including lateral wave forces, lateral sea currents, and vertical wave forces slow down the range of platform motion, expand the range of application of buoyancy tower platforms to environmental conditions, and improve suction piles 1 The reliability of the positioning function.
  • Lateral wave force The movement of water representing the wave force is mainly concentrated near the surface of the water. From wave theory, waves are caused by changes in the air pressure on the surface of the water. The force of the waves decays exponentially with the depth of the water. At 20 meters below the surface of the water, the movement of water caused by waves has become very mild. Because the large-scale cylinder of the existing buoyancy tower has a "blocking" effect on the wavy water flow, thereby generating a huge wave and impact on the cylinder. The use of the second truss 8 eliminates most of the lateral wave forces acting on the barrel.
  • the truss structure is still subject to some wave forces (drag force, the size can be calculated according to the Morrison formula), compared with the large size cylinder, the truss structure is subjected to the "drag force" under the action of waves, far It is smaller than the wave force received by the cylinder.
  • the outer peripheral surface of the suction pile 1 is uniformly provided with a plurality of fins 9 in the circumferential direction.
  • the suction pile 1 of the present embodiment is located below the fixed ballast tank 2.
  • the fin 9 is far from the central axis of the platform, and because of its long arm, it can generate a greater resistance to rotation under the same surface pressure of the fin 9 to increase the resistance of the suction pile 1 to the upper rotating load after being inserted into the seabed. .
  • the diameter of the suction pile 1 is determined by calculation, and its tip is slightly higher than the mud line to ensure that the bottom structure of the buoyancy tower does not touch the seabed during the rocking motion of the platform.
  • the suction pile 1 is connected to the fixed ballast tank 2 via a connecting section.
  • the fins 9 are in the shape of an angle steel, and the longitudinal direction of the fins 9 is arranged in parallel with the central axis of the suction pile 1, and has a greater resistance to rotation.
  • the upper end of the suction pile 1 is connected to the evacuation/drainage pipe 10.
  • the pump uses the pump to evacuate the water in the suction pile 1 through the evacuation/drainage pipe 10, and relies on the negative pressure in the pile to increase the strength of the inserted pile, and the installation is more convenient.
  • the buoyancy tower needs to be displaced, water is pumped into the evacuation/drainage pipe 10, and the buoyancy chamber 3 is discharged from the ballast to increase the buoyancy, and the suction pile 1 can be pulled out together with the buoyancy tower, and the displacement is simpler.
  • the upper end of the fixed ballast tank 2 is provided with a first through seaport 11, the fixed ballast tank 2 is connected with a mortar pumping pipe 12; the lower end of the adjustable buoyancy tank 3 is provided with a second seaport 13, and the adjustable buoyancy chamber 3 A compressed air tube 14 is connected, and an air outlet of the compressed air tube 14 is located above the second through seaport 13; the fixed buoyancy chamber 4 is a closed hollow chamber.
  • the buoyancy tower of the present embodiment When the buoyancy tower of the present embodiment is towed, the first seaport 11 and the second seaport 13 are closed to reach the destination and the tower body is horizontally floated on the water surface. Then, when the buoyancy tower platform of the embodiment is installed, the upper module 5 is not installed, and the first seaport 11 and the second seaport 13 are opened, and the fixed ballast tank 2 and the adjustable buoyancy chamber 3 are filled with water. To realize the lower section of the tower body to erect itself. After erecting, the grinded iron ore slurry is pumped through the mortar pumping pipe 12 to achieve the fixed ballast of the fixed ballast tank 2, and the overall center of gravity of the buoyancy tower platform is adjusted to below the buoyancy center, so that the buoyancy tower platform is in a stable equilibrium state.
  • part of the air is driven through the compressed air pipe 14, and part of the seawater is discharged through the second through seaport 13, and the buoyancy of the tower body is increased, that is, the liquid level in the adjustable buoyancy chamber 3 is lowered by the compressed air pipe 14, and the buoyancy of the tower body is increased.
  • the lifting of the upper module 5 during the installation process is realized, and the upper module 5 and the tower body are integrated.
  • the buoyant tower platform is moved to the work site, the liquid level in the adjustable buoyancy chamber 3 is raised by the compressed air tube 14, so that the buoyancy tower platform is completely sunk, so that the suction pile 1 is inserted into the seabed by its own gravity, and inserted.
  • the soil naturally enters the water in the pile and is finally installed and molded.
  • the mortar pumping tube 12 and the inlet of the compressed air tube 14 are both located on the upper module 5 for convenient operation.
  • the inner buoyancy wall of the adjustable buoyancy chamber 3 and the fixed buoyancy chamber 4 constitutes an inner cylinder 19 of a unitary structure
  • the outer buoyancy tank 3 and the outer annular bulkhead of the fixed buoyancy chamber 4 constitute an outer cylinder 20 of an integrated structure.
  • Both ends of the annular gap formed by the inner cylinder 19 and the outer cylinder 20 are closed by the end plate 15, and are also partitioned into an adjustable buoyancy chamber 3 and a chamber for fixing the buoyancy chamber 4 through the annular diaphragm 16;
  • the inner cylinder 19 Both ends are closed by the end plate 15, and the two end plates 15 and the inner tube 19 constitute a compartment of the oil storage tank 6; the internal space of the tower body is fully utilized, the structure is simple, and the production is convenient.
  • first connecting plates 17 are fixedly connected between the inner tube 19 and the outer tube 20 of the adjustable buoyancy chamber 3, and the first connecting plate 17 is evenly distributed on the inner tube 19 of the adjustable buoyancy chamber 3;
  • a plurality of second connecting plates 18 are fixedly coupled between the inner cylinder 19 and the outer cylinder 20 of the buoyancy chamber 4, and the second connecting plates 18 are uniformly circumferentially disposed on the inner cylinder 19 of the fixed buoyancy chamber 4.
  • the first web 17 and the second web 18 add structural strength and rigidity.

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Abstract

一种浮力塔平台，其包括由下至上依次固定连接的吸力桩（1）、固定压载舱（2）、可调浮力舱（3）、固定浮力舱（4）和上部模块（5），吸力桩（1）为上端封闭、下端敞口的筒状结构；可调浮力舱（3）和固定浮力舱（4）均为环形舱室且同心设置，可调浮力舱（3）和固定浮力舱（4）围成的内部空间设置成储油舱（6）。该浮力塔平台充分利用塔体内部空间进行储油，可以省去储油轮或输油管线的建造成本，安装方便，结构简单；采用油水分舱的方式进行干式储油，可调浮力舱排出的海水中不会混入石油颗粒，保证海水不受污染。

Description

一种浮力塔平台 技术领域
本发明属于海洋平台工程领域，具体涉及一种浮力塔平台。
背景技术
人类在开发近海油气资源的过程中，开发出了导管架式平台、重力式平台、坐底式平台以及自升式平台等不同平台类型。
导管架式平台主要由上部结构、导管架和桩组成。上部结构由承受作业或者其它载荷的各层甲板组成。导管架是将若干直立或者具有一定斜度的导管用横向、斜向连杆连成一体形成的框架结构，作为打桩定位和导向的工具。桩主要用于承受平台的重量以及水平环境推力，并通过桩周摩擦力和桩尖端承力传递给地基。导管架式的优点在于其刚度高，固有周期小于海洋中波浪周期范围，从而规避共振的发生。其主要缺点在于安装周期长、适用水深浅，其造价成本随着水深加大而显著增加，且不可重复利用，平台退役成本较高。
重力式平台完全依靠自身重量坐底在海床上。由巨量混凝土浇筑形成的沉箱基础不仅可以支持上部结构，还可以形成可观的储油空间，并且具有防腐耐用的优点。但是巨大的重量不仅给拖航安装带来了严重挑战，也大大限制了可以选用的地基范围。
坐底式平台通常由三部分组成：上体、支柱和下体。上体为作业所需要的平台甲板，下体又称沉垫，提供移动时所需要的浮力，在上 体与下体之间则用若干支柱加以连接。通过往沉垫里打入和排出压载水可以实现平台下沉就位和上浮移位。坐底式平台适用于浅海区。立柱不能调节严重影响了平台拖航时的安全性以及对不同水深的适用性。
自升式平台由一个平台主体和若干桩腿组成。通过升降装置，平台主体或者桩腿可以垂直升降实现相对运动。自升式平台的优点主要是所需钢材少，在各种设计海况下都能平稳作业，并可重复利用。其缺点是工作水深受桩腿限制，最大的工作水深在120m左右。超过此水深，桩腿重量增加很快，同时拖航时桩腿升得很高，对平台稳性和桩腿强度都不利。
针对上述现有平台类型缺点，人们试图对上述技术方案进行改进或提出新的平台技术方案。
中国专利文献CN201310473769.0提供了一种浮力塔式海洋平台，包括上部模块、浮力塔和吸力筒。上部模块通过连接支持腿和浮力塔上部连接，吸力筒设置在浮力塔下端面，为上口封闭、下口敞开结构。整个平台采用吸力筒的固定方式，工作时，利用浮力塔自身的重量将吸力筒下口***海床将整个平台固定。当平台需要移位时，将吸力筒从海床内拔出，使用拖船将平台移至目标场地后再将吸力筒重新***海床就位。由此实现平台造价低廉，可重复利用，安装过程对海工支持船依赖程度低费用少的特点。
此外，中国专利文献CN201180061200.2公开了一种用于钻探和/或开采的海上塔，包括壳体，连接在壳体下端的锚，所述壳体包括从 上至下依次固定有密封的浮力舱、可变压载舱和固定压载舱。
但是，这些技术方案仍然存在不足：
1)现有的平台方案均需要另建储油装置或外输油管，成本较高；
现存浮力塔技术方案不具备储油功能或者仅具备湿式储油功能。当可变压载舱兼用于湿式储油时，油层浮于水层上方；其在储、卸油过程中，舱内储油量的增加，在排出压载水时，虽然油水分界面始终高于通海口，但是在波浪等环境作用的扰动下，排出的海水中还是会混入石油颗粒。因此，当海水排出时，会将这些混杂的石油颗粒一同排出，导致环境污染。
2)对水深较深的小型平台，即上部平台模块功能简单重量轻(如无人值守的井口平台)，平台所处位置水深较深的情况下，部分筒体的浮力空置，较为浪费材料。
3)一般认为，浮力塔平台适应具有温和环境条件的海域，而不适应风浪流等环境条件恶劣的海域。其原因是浮力塔平台靠吸力筒***海床固定并非完全静止不动，平台在波浪力、流力、风力联合作用下仍会前后左右摇摆，即发生横摇和纵摇运动。吸力筒在浮力塔运动带动和土壤约束双重作用下产生变形，在和浮力塔相接处及和土壤相邻处产生交变应力。
从波浪理论可知，波浪是由水表面空气压力的变化引起的。波浪的作用力随水深按指数规律迅速衰减。水面以下20米处，由波浪引起的水体运动已经变得非常温和。另外，一个波浪周期内平台的重量可以认为是不变的，但当水面上的波浪穿过平台，平台 位于波峰波谷等不同位置处的吃水并不相同，导致浮力发生变化。吸力筒受浮力塔运动带动和土壤约束双重作用下产生变形，在和浮力塔相接处及和土壤相邻处产生交变应力。
此外，净重力的变化也会使吸力筒在和浮力塔相接处及和土壤相邻处产生交变应力。
并且，环境条件越恶劣，这种应力变化范围就越大，时间越长，交变应力产生的结果就越显著，轻则土壤松动，吸力筒丧失部分功能，重则结构或者土壤破坏，整个平台丧失约束，随波逐流。所以，对于环境恶劣的海域，现存浮力塔技术方案适用性较差。
4)如果浮力塔平台在上部模块中搭载钻机模块，钻机旋转时的反作用扭矩会使平台产生转动的趋势。当吸力筒侧壁与土壤之间的摩擦力不足以抵消反作用扭矩时，平台就会产生转动。另外，由于环境载荷的不对性，也可能会使平台发生转动。
发明内容
本发明的目的是克服现有技术存在现存浮力塔技术方案不具备储油功能，需另建储油装置或输油管道，成本高昂；可变压载舱虽可兼用于湿式储油，但排出海水时，会将混杂的石油颗粒一同排出，导致环境污染的缺陷，提供一种可调浮力舱和固定浮力舱围成的内部空间设置成储油舱，可充分利用塔体内部空间进行储油，可以省去储油轮或输油管线的建造成本；采用油水分舱的方式进行干式储油，可调浮力舱排出的海水中不会混入石油颗粒， 环保经济意义重大的浮力塔平台。
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是：一种浮力塔平台，其包括由下至上依次固定连接的吸力桩、固定压载舱、可调浮力舱、固定浮力舱和上部模块，吸力桩为上端封闭、下端敞口的筒状结构；可调浮力舱和固定浮力舱均为环形舱室且同心设置，可调浮力舱和固定浮力舱围成的内部空间设置成储油舱。
本发明的上部模块包括若干层甲板，平台作业载荷沿“板-筋-梁-柱”结构形成的传力路径，最终传递至上部模块的立柱结构上。本发明的固定浮力舱外部全封闭，内部空心，承受海水压力，提供平台预定的浮力。
在本发明的浮力塔平台安装时，上部模块并未安装好，将固定压载舱和可调浮力舱中灌满水，实现下段塔体自行竖起扶正。接着，固定压载舱打压固定压载，将塔体整体重心调整至浮心以下，使塔体呈稳定平衡状态。接着，降低可调浮力舱中的液面高度，实现安装过程中对上部模块的上举，使上部模块和塔体合成一体。接着，当浮力塔平台移至作业场地时，升高可调浮力舱中的液面高度，使浮力塔平台整体下沉，使吸力桩依靠自身重力***海床，***过程中泥土进入桩内自然挤出其中的水，最终浮力塔平台安装成型，安装方便。本发明的可调浮力舱和固定浮力舱围成的内部空间设置成储油舱，充分利用塔体内部空间进行储油，可以省去储油轮或输油管线的建造成 本。此外，本发明采用油水分舱的方式进行干式储油，可调浮力舱排出的海水中不会混入石油颗粒，环保经济意义重大。
具体地，可调浮力舱通过第一桁架固定安装于固定压载舱上。第一桁架由钢质圆管组成，其竖向主腿构件上、下端分别穿过可调浮力舱底板、固定压载舱顶甲板，***侧壁板一段距离并在末端削斜，将可调浮力舱和固定压载舱连接成一整体。本发明通过第一桁架代替部分筒体结构，减轻了结构重量，避免浮力空置，节省了材料，降低了平台重量对水深的敏感性；并且桁架结构简单，节省材料，因此便于增加塔体高度。此外，第一桁架也可以部分降低海流的拖曳力，扩大了浮力塔平台对环境条件的适用范围。
进一步地，上部模块通过第二桁架固定安装于固定浮力舱上。具体地，本发明的上部模块的主腿和第二桁架的主腿对接形成一体，第二桁架的竖向主腿构件上端呈锥形，***上部模块立柱完成对接后焊接形成一体，第二桁架的竖向主腿构件下端穿过浮力塔顶甲板并***浮力塔壁板一段距离，末端削斜。
本发明的第二桁架设置于水线面附近。众所周知地，越接近水线面，水深越浅，水质点运动速度越大；由于第二桁架位于水线面附近，上部模块和固定浮力舱通过第二桁架相连，减少了浮力塔在恶劣环境中所受的环境力，包括侧向波浪力、侧向海流力和垂向波浪力，从而减缓了平台运动幅度，扩大了浮力塔平台对环境条件的适用范围，提高了吸力桩定位功能的可 靠性。
侧向波浪力：代表波浪力的水体运动主要集中在水表面附近。从波浪理论可知，波浪是由水表面空气压力的变化引起的。波浪的作用力随水深按指数规律迅速衰减。水面以下20米处，由波浪引起的水体运动已经变得非常温和。因为现有的浮力塔的大尺度筒体对波浪水流有“阻塞”效应，由此对筒体产生巨大的兴波与冲击。而采用第二桁架可以消除大部分作用于筒体的侧向波浪力。虽然桁架结构仍然会受到一些波浪力的作用(拖曳力，其大小可根据Morrison公式计算)，但与大尺寸的筒体相比，桁架结构在波浪作用下受到的“拖曳力”的作用，远比筒体受到的波浪力小。
侧向海流力：这部分力的减少与波浪力相似。但是海流随水深的变化不大，所以这部分外力的减少不如波浪力显著。当然，水表面部分(离吸力桩最远)的海流力减少，第二桁架对降低外力对平台回转中心的力矩还是比较显著的。
垂向波浪力：现有的浮力塔的巨大筒体在水下受到巨大的浮力作用。设计的时候平台的总重量与浮力处于某种预设的平衡状态。当波浪行进经过浮力塔时，波峰、波谷的交替出现，使浮力塔平台受到的浮力会出现与波浪周期对应的明显变化，这时，位于泥线以下的吸力桩就会承受周期性的拉-压载荷变化。采用第二桁架之后，浮力塔平台在水线面的截面面积变得非常小，当波峰、波谷经过浮力塔平台的第二桁架时，浮力塔平台 受到的浮力变化微乎其微，作用于吸力桩周期性垂向载荷基本消除，从而减轻了吸力桩对土壤的扰动，平台约束更牢固。
进一步地，吸力桩的外周面上环向均布有多个翅板。本发明的吸力桩位于固定压载舱下方。翅板远离平台中心轴线，因其力臂较长，在翅板表面压力相同条件下可产生更大的抵抗旋转的扭矩，以增加吸力桩***海床后对上部旋转载荷的抵抗能力。吸力桩直径高度比经过计算确定，其顶端略高于泥线，以确保在平台摇摆运动时浮力塔底部结构不与海床发生触碰。吸力桩通过连接段和固定压载舱相接。
优选地，翅板呈角钢状，翅板的长度方向和吸力桩的中心轴线平行设置，具有更大的抵抗旋转的扭矩。
进一步地，吸力桩的上端连通有抽空/排水管。安装时，如果浮力塔自重不足以使吸力桩***泥土，则用泵通过抽空/排水管抽空吸力桩内的水，依靠桩内负压增大插桩力度，安装更方便。当浮力塔需要移位时，往抽空/排水管中注水加压，同时可调浮力舱排出压载增大浮力，即可将吸力桩连同浮力塔一起拔出，移位更简单。
具体地，固定压载舱的上端设有第一通海口，固定压载舱连通有砂浆泵入管；可调浮力舱的下端设有第二通海口，可调浮力舱连通有压缩空气管，压缩空气管的出气口位于第二通海口上方；固定浮力舱为封闭式空心舱室。
本发明的浮力塔拖航时，第一通海口和第二通海口关闭， 达到目的地并实现塔体横置地浮于水面。接着，在本发明的浮力塔平台安装时，上部模块并未安装好，打开第一通海口和第二通海口，将固定压载舱和可调浮力舱中灌满水，实现下段塔体自行竖起扶正。竖起后通过砂浆泵入管泵入磨碎的铁矿砂浆，实现固定压载舱的打压固定压载，将浮力塔平台整体重心调整至浮心以下，使浮力塔平台呈稳定平衡状态。接着，通过压缩空气管打入部分空气，通过第二通海口排出部分海水，塔体浮力增加，即通过压缩空气管降低可调浮力舱中的液面高度，塔体浮力增加，实现安装过程中对上部模块的上举，使上部模块和塔体合成一体。接着，当浮力塔平台移至作业场地时，通过压缩空气管升高可调浮力舱中的液面高度，使浮力塔平台整体下沉，使吸力桩依靠自身重力***海床，***过程中泥土进入桩内自然挤出其中的水，最终安装成型，安装方便。
进一步地，砂浆泵入管和压缩空气管的进口均位于上部模块上，方便操作。
进一步地，可调浮力舱和固定浮力舱的内环孔壁构成一体式结构的内筒，可调浮力舱和固定浮力舱的外环舱壁构成一体式结构的外筒；内筒和外筒共同构成的环形间隙的两端通过端板封闭，并且还通过环形的横隔板分隔成可调浮力舱和固定浮力舱的舱室；内筒的两端均通过端板封闭，两个端板和内筒构成储油舱的舱室；充分利用塔体内部空间，结构简单，制作方便。
进一步地，可调浮力舱的内筒和外筒之间固定连接有多个第一连接板，第一连接板在可调浮力舱的内筒上圆周均布；固定浮力舱的内筒和外筒之间固定连接有多个第二连接板，第二连接板在固定浮力舱的内筒上圆周均布。第一连接板和第二连接板增加了结构强度和刚度。
本发明的一种浮力塔平台的有益效果是：
1.浮力塔平台安装方便；可调浮力舱和固定浮力舱围成的内部空间设置成储油舱，充分利用塔体内部空间进行储油，可以省去储油轮或输油管线的建造成本；此外，采用油水分舱的方式进行干式储油，可调浮力舱排出的海水中不会混入石油颗粒，环保经济意义重大；
2.通过第一桁架代替部分筒体结构，减轻了结构重量，避免浮力空置，节省了材料，降低了平台重量对水深的敏感性；并且桁架结构简单，节省材料，因此便于增加塔体高度；并且，第一桁架也可以部分降低海流的拖曳力，扩大了浮力塔平台对环境条件的适用范围；
3.由于第二桁架位于水线面附近，上部模块和固定浮力舱通过第二桁架相连，减少了浮力塔在恶劣环境中所受的环境力，包括侧向波浪力、侧向海流力和垂向波浪力，从而减缓了平台运动幅度，扩大了浮力塔平台对环境条件的适用范围，提高了吸力桩定位功能的可靠性；
4.翅板远离平台中心轴线，因其力臂较长，在翅板表面压 力相同条件下可产生更大的抵抗旋转的扭矩，以增加吸力桩***海床后对上部旋转载荷的抵抗能力。
附图说明
下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明作进一步详细的说明。
图1是本发明的一种浮力塔平台的全剖示意图；
图2是图1中A部分的局部放大图；
图3是图1中B部分的局部放大图；
图4是图1中C-C剖视图；
图5是图1中D-D剖视图；
图6是图1中E-E剖视图。
其中:1.吸力桩；2.固定压载舱；3.可调浮力舱；4.固定浮力舱；5.上部模块；6.储油舱；7.第一桁架；8.第二桁架；9.翅板；10.抽空/排水管；11.第一通海口；12.砂浆泵入管；13.第二通海口；14.压缩空气管；15.端板；16.横隔板；17.第一连接板；18.第二连接板；19.内筒；20.外筒。
具体实施方式
现在结合附图对本发明作进一步详细的说明。这些附图均为简化 的示意图，仅以示意方式说明本发明的基本结构，因此其仅显示与本发明有关的构成。
如图1-图6所示的本发明的一种浮力塔平台的具体实施例，其包括由下至上依次固定连接的吸力桩1、固定压载舱2、可调浮力舱3、固定浮力舱4和上部模块5，吸力桩1为上端封闭、下端敞口的筒状结构；可调浮力舱3和固定浮力舱4均为环形舱室且同心设置，可调浮力舱3和固定浮力舱4围成的内部空间设置成储油舱6。
本实施例的上部模块5包括若干层甲板，平台作业载荷沿“板-筋-梁-柱”结构形成的传力路径，最终传递至上部模块5的立柱结构上。本实施例的固定浮力舱4外部全封闭，内部空心，承受海水压力，提供平台预定的浮力。
在本实施例的浮力塔平台安装时，上部模块5并未安装好，将固定压载舱2和可调浮力舱3中灌满水，实现下段塔体自行竖起扶正。接着，固定压载舱2打压固定压载，将塔体整体重心调整至浮心以下，使塔体呈稳定平衡状态。接着，降低可调浮力舱3中的液面高度，实现安装过程中对上部模块5的上举，使上部模块5和塔体合成一体。接着，当浮力塔平台移至作业场地时，升高可调浮力舱3中的液面高度，使浮力塔平台整体下沉，使吸力桩1依靠自身重力***海床，***过程中泥土进入桩内自然挤出其中的水，最终浮力塔平台安装成型，安装方便。本实施例的可调浮力舱3和固定浮力舱4围成的内部空间 设置成储油舱6，充分利用塔体内部空间进行储油，可以省去储油轮或输油管线的建造成本。此外，本实施例采用油水分舱的方式进行干式储油，可调浮力舱3排出的海水中不会混入石油颗粒，环保经济意义重大。
具体地，可调浮力舱3通过第一桁架7固定安装于固定压载舱2上。第一桁架7由钢质圆管组成，其竖向主腿构件上、下端分别穿过可调浮力舱3底板、固定压载舱2顶甲板，***侧壁板一段距离并在末端削斜，将可调浮力舱3和固定压载舱2连接成一整体。本实施例通过第一桁架7代替部分筒体结构，减轻了结构重量，避免浮力空置，节省了材料，降低了平台重量对水深的敏感性；并且桁架结构简单，节省材料，因此便于增加塔体高度。此外，第一桁架7也可以部分降低海流的拖曳力，扩大了浮力塔平台对环境条件的适用范围。
进一步地，上部模块5通过第二桁架8固定安装于固定浮力舱4上。具体地，本实施例的上部模块5的主腿和第二桁架8的主腿对接形成一体，第二桁架8的竖向主腿构件上端呈锥形，***上部模块5立柱完成对接后焊接形成一体，第二桁架8的竖向主腿构件下端穿过浮力塔顶甲板并***浮力塔壁板一段距离，末端削斜。
本实施例的第二桁架8设置于水线面附近。众所周知地，越接近水线面，水深越浅，水质点运动速度越大；由于第二桁架8位于水线面附近，上部模块5和固定浮力舱4通过第二桁 架8相连，减少了浮力塔在恶劣环境中所受的环境力，包括侧向波浪力、侧向海流力和垂向波浪力，从而减缓了平台运动幅度，扩大了浮力塔平台对环境条件的适用范围，提高了吸力桩1定位功能的可靠性。
侧向波浪力：代表波浪力的水体运动主要集中在水表面附近。从波浪理论可知，波浪是由水表面空气压力的变化引起的。波浪的作用力随水深按指数规律迅速衰减。水面以下20米处，由波浪引起的水体运动已经变得非常温和。因为现有的浮力塔的大尺度筒体对波浪水流有“阻塞”效应，由此对筒体产生巨大的兴波与冲击。而采用第二桁架8可以消除大部分作用于筒体的侧向波浪力。虽然桁架结构仍然会受到一些波浪力的作用(拖曳力，其大小可根据Morrison公式计算)，但与大尺寸的筒体相比，桁架结构在波浪作用下受到的“拖曳力”的作用，远比筒体受到的波浪力小。
侧向海流力：这部分力的减少与波浪力相似。但是海流随水深的变化不大，所以这部分外力的减少不如波浪力显著。当然，水表面部分(离吸力桩1最远)的海流力减少，第二桁架8对降低外力对平台回转中心的力矩还是比较显著的。
垂向波浪力：现有的浮力塔的巨大筒体在水下受到巨大的浮力作用。设计的时候平台的总重量与浮力处于某种预设的平衡状态。当波浪行进经过浮力塔时，波峰、波谷的交替出现，使浮力塔平台受到的浮力会出现与波浪周期对应的明显变化， 这时，位于泥线以下的吸力桩1就会承受周期性的拉-压载荷变化。采用第二桁架8之后，浮力塔平台在水线面的截面面积变得非常小，当波峰、波谷经过浮力塔平台的第二桁架8时，浮力塔平台受到的浮力变化微乎其微，作用于吸力桩1周期性垂向载荷基本消除，从而减轻了吸力桩1对土壤的扰动，平台约束更牢固。
进一步地，吸力桩1的外周面上环向均布有多个翅板9。本实施例的吸力桩1位于固定压载舱2下方。翅板9远离平台中心轴线，因其力臂较长，在翅板9表面压力相同条件下可产生更大的抵抗旋转的扭矩，以增加吸力桩1***海床后对上部旋转载荷的抵抗能力。吸力桩1直径高度比经过计算确定，其顶端略高于泥线，以确保在平台摇摆运动时浮力塔底部结构不与海床发生触碰。吸力桩1通过连接段和固定压载舱2相接。
优选地，翅板9呈角钢状，翅板9的长度方向和吸力桩1的中心轴线平行设置，具有更大的抵抗旋转的扭矩。
进一步地，吸力桩1的上端连通有抽空/排水管10。安装时，如果浮力塔自重不足以使吸力桩1***泥土，则用泵通过抽空/排水管10抽空吸力桩1内的水，依靠桩内负压增大插桩力度，安装更方便。当浮力塔需要移位时，往抽空/排水管10中注水加压，同时可调浮力舱3排出压载增大浮力，即可将吸力桩1连同浮力塔一起拔出，移位更简单。
具体地，固定压载舱2的上端设有第一通海口11，固定压 载舱2连通有砂浆泵入管12；可调浮力舱3的下端设有第二通海口13，可调浮力舱3连通有压缩空气管14，压缩空气管14的出气口位于第二通海口13上方；固定浮力舱4为封闭式空心舱室。
本实施例的浮力塔拖航时，第一通海口11和第二通海口13关闭，达到目的地并实现塔体横置地浮于水面。接着，在本实施例的浮力塔平台安装时，上部模块5并未安装好，打开第一通海口11和第二通海口13，将固定压载舱2和可调浮力舱3中灌满水，实现下段塔体自行竖起扶正。竖起后通过砂浆泵入管12泵入磨碎的铁矿砂浆，实现固定压载舱2的打压固定压载，将浮力塔平台整体重心调整至浮心以下，使浮力塔平台呈稳定平衡状态。接着，通过压缩空气管14打入部分空气，通过第二通海口13排出部分海水，塔体浮力增加，即通过压缩空气管14降低可调浮力舱3中的液面高度，塔体浮力增加，实现安装过程中对上部模块5的上举，使上部模块5和塔体合成一体。接着，当浮力塔平台移至作业场地时，通过压缩空气管14升高可调浮力舱3中的液面高度，使浮力塔平台整体下沉，使吸力桩1依靠自身重力***海床，***过程中泥土进入桩内自然挤出其中的水，最终安装成型，安装方便。
进一步地，砂浆泵入管12和压缩空气管14的进口均位于上部模块5上，方便操作。
进一步地，可调浮力舱3和固定浮力舱4的内环孔壁构成 一体式结构的内筒19，可调浮力舱3和固定浮力舱4的外环舱壁构成一体式结构的外筒20；内筒19和外筒20共同构成的环形间隙的两端通过端板15封闭，并且还通过环形的横隔板16分隔成可调浮力舱3和固定浮力舱4的舱室；内筒19的两端均通过端板15封闭，两个端板15和内筒19构成储油舱6的舱室；充分利用塔体内部空间，结构简单，制作方便。
进一步地，可调浮力舱3的内筒19和外筒20之间固定连接有多个第一连接板17，第一连接板17在可调浮力舱3的内筒19上圆周均布；固定浮力舱4的内筒19和外筒20之间固定连接有多个第二连接板18，第二连接板18在固定浮力舱4的内筒19上圆周均布。第一连接板17和第二连接板18增加了结构强度和刚度。
应当理解，以上所描述的具体实施例仅用于解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。由本发明的精神所引伸出的显而易见的变化或变动仍处于本发明的保护范围之中。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种浮力塔平台，其特征在于：包括由下至上依次固定连接的吸力桩(1)、固定压载舱(2)、可调浮力舱(3)、固定浮力舱(4)和上部模块(5)，所述吸力桩(1)为上端封闭、下端敞口的筒状结构；所述可调浮力舱(3)和固定浮力舱(4)均为环形舱室且同心设置，所述可调浮力舱(3)和固定浮力舱(4)围成的内部空间设置成储油舱(6)。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种浮力塔平台，其特征在于：所述可调浮力舱(3)通过第一桁架(7)固定安装于固定压载舱(2)上。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的一种浮力塔平台，其特征在于：所述上部模块(5)通过第二桁架(8)固定安装于固定浮力舱(4)上。
  4. 根据权利要求1或2所述的一种浮力塔平台，其特征在于：所述吸力桩(1)的外周面上环向均布有多个翅板(9)。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的一种浮力塔平台，其特征在于：所述翅板(9)呈角钢状，所述翅板(9)的长度方向和吸力桩(1)的中心轴线平行设置。
  6. 根据权利要求4所述的一种浮力塔平台，其特征在于：所述吸力桩(1)的上端连通有抽空/排水管(10)。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的一种浮力塔平台，其特征在于：所述固定压载舱(2)的上端设有第一通海口(11)，所述固定压载舱(2)连通有砂浆泵入管(12)；所述可调浮力舱(3)的 下端设有第二通海口(13)，所述可调浮力舱(3)连通有压缩空气管(14)，所述压缩空气管(14)的出气口位于第二通海口(13)上方；所述固定浮力舱(4)为封闭式空心舱室。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的一种浮力塔平台，其特征在于：所述砂浆泵入管(12)和压缩空气管(14)的进口均位于上部模块(5)上。
  9. 根据权利要求1、7或8所述的一种浮力塔平台，其特征在于：所述可调浮力舱(3)和固定浮力舱(4)的内环孔壁构成一体式结构的内筒(19)，所述可调浮力舱(3)和固定浮力舱(4)的外环舱壁构成一体式结构的外筒(20)；所述内筒(19)和外筒(20)共同构成的环形间隙的两端通过端板(15)封闭，并且还通过环形的横隔板(16)分隔成可调浮力舱(3)和固定浮力舱(4)的舱室；所述内筒(19)的两端均通过端板(15)封闭，两个端板(15)和内筒(19)构成储油舱(6)的舱室。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的一种浮力塔平台，其特征在于：所述可调浮力舱(3)的内筒(19)和外筒(20)之间固定连接有多个第一连接板(17)，所述第一连接板(17)在可调浮力舱(3)的内筒(19)上圆周均布；所述固定浮力舱(4)的内筒(19)和外筒(20)之间固定连接有多个第二连接板(18)，所述第二连接板(18)在固定浮力舱(4)的内筒(19)上圆周均布。
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