WO2019098955A2

WO2019098955A2 - System for enhancing material resistance and facilitating tuning in stringed instruments

Info

Publication number: WO2019098955A2
Application number: PCT/TR2018/050359
Authority: WO
Inventors: Ekrem OZKARPAT
Original assignee: Ozkarpat Ekrem
Priority date: 2017-08-01
Filing date: 2018-07-11
Publication date: 2019-05-23
Also published as: WO2019098955A3

Abstract

The object of the invention is to produce a tuning peg which combines the properties of high-strength materials and the properties of materials with high friction coefficient such as plastics and wood, which are currently used, on a single tuning peg so as to utilize the characteristics of both and to provide a simpler, more efficient and precise tuning process.

Description

SYSTEM FOR ENHANCING MATERIAL RESISTANCE AND FACILITATING TUNING IN

STRINGED INSTRUMENTS

Technical Field

The invention relates to a specially designed tuning peg having technical features in combination, which has been developed for tuning in musical instruments, especially in all stringed instruments with wooden pegs.

More particularly, the invention relates to a tuning peg which enables the tuning process to be carried out more precisely and with less force, especially in all stringed instruments with wooden pegs, and which allows the tuning elements to have less deformation and longer life.

Background Of The Invention

In the present embodiment, to make the instrument to provide the desired note and voice is referred to as tuning, and tuning in the present is achieved by means of the so-called tuning pegs.

For example, in a stringed instrument, strings are bonded to a bridge on one end, and the other ends on the headstock of the string handle, where the tension of the wires can be changed when the tuning peg is turned.

This process is performed by applying the force against the head of the tuning peg which generates tension on the string with the effect of the torque.

Nowadays, in the conical-cylindrical form, tuning pegs are placed in conical slots which are opened with the same taper, and the the friction surfaces are increased by being compressed until they are fixed against the tension of the wires.

Fixing of the tuning peg is provided by the passive frictional force between the tuning peg and the peghole.

Because of this situation, it is necessary to apply a controlled and sensitive force to the tuning peg in order to tune it by defeating the friction force.

In order to keep fixed at the desired point after the tuning process, the coefficient of frictional force is important and thus, it becomes necessary to use the tuning pegs produced from wooden or plastic materials with high friction coefficients.

For this purpose, in the current production of tuning pegs, the world's most stiff and heaviest tropical tree is known as the rosewood is used.

The availability of limited woods in the production of pegs reveals the difficulties of production and raw material availability. If the high strength metals are directly used as the tuning peg material, it will not create enough friction or it will lose its friction force due to the abrasion in the pegholes.

In addition, standard tuning pegs can not be produced below a certain thickness due to the static tension created by the wire. Because of the low strength of plastic or wood materials, the diameter of the tuning peg can not be decrased on the wrap locations.

For this reason, more force must be applied during tuning of the string increases, which causes the process to be performed with less precision. In addition to this situation, winding of the string during the tuning process is done at random in the body of the tuning peg, excessive loosening occurs in the case of tension and the winding process may have gaps.

Summary Of The Invention

The object of the invention is to produce a tuning peg which combines the properties of high- strength materials and the properties of materials with high friction coefficient such as plastics and wood, which are currently used, on a single tuning peg so as to utilize the characteristics of both and to provide a simpler, more efficient and precise tuning process.

Another object of the invention is to extend the working life of the tuning pegs with the said technique by minimizing the effect of the physical changes occurring within the drying time of the tree.

Another object of the invention is to allow all medium and hard woods to be used in tuning peg production.

Another object of the invention is to preserve the originality of old and valuable instruments by the applicability to the existing used instruments.

The figures given are expressed as representative in terms of the understanding of the subject.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Figure 1 shows an overview of an instrument with the tuning peg applied according to the invention. Figure 2a shows the tuning peg of the invention, which is fixed from two sides before technical application.

Figure 2b is a schematic representation of a two-point fixed tuning peg system having a high strength pin according to the invention.

Figure 3a shows a view of the invention from a single point fixed tuning peg before the technical implementation of the invention.

Figure 3b shows a single-point fixed tuning peg system having a high strength pin with the technical application of the invention.

Figure 4 schematically shows a detailed view of the inventive tuning peg fixed from two locations.

Figure 5 schematically shows the top view of the tuning peg system of the invention with high strength pin and the conventional system and connections between the string and the radius

REFERENCE NUMBERS

1. Tuning peg

2. Peg ead

3. Instrument

3.1 Neck

3.2 Headstock

4. Pin

5. String wrap area

6. String

7. Peghole

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT

For the tuning operation, the tuning peg (1), which has a slightly conical form, is first slightly pulled out to reduce the frictional force and the turning operation is carried out. After this process, when the desired tone is caught, it is inserted slightly so that the pressure on the surface where the wood touches each other is increased, thus causing the contact surfaces to flex. For this reason slightly conical forms are preferred.

This process increases the surface reaction force N and the friction force:

Fs is increased with respect to the formula Fs = k ^* N (Fs: Friction Force, k: Friction Coefficient, N: Surface reaction force.)

During this process, the tuning peg (1 ) is slightly removed for precision, which causes the tension of the wire (6) to be added to the applied tension with the partial frictional force along during the tuning process. Especially when two or more strings (6) are tuned at the same time, this makes tuning difficult.

Here, the total moment of the frictional force between the tuning peg (1 ), which includes the conical surface, and the peghole (7), which is formed on the headstock (3.2) at the tip of the neck (3.1 ) and which can be found one or two according to the instrument (3) type is:

Mts

the torque of the peghead (2) is:

MtB = FB GB

(MtB: Torque applied by the peghead (2), FB = Force applied to the peghead (2), GB = Peghead (2) radius).

The torque balance at the moment of tightening necessary to rotate the peghead (8) is:

M t_B > M ts + Ft r p in case at the moment of tightening is:

M tB >M ts - Ft r p

(MtB: Torque applied by peghead (2) , Mts : Torque applied by the friction force, Ft: Strain on the string (6) , rp = (conventional system tuning peg (1) radius + string (6) radius).).

When the tuning peg (1 ) is lifted with a slight motion at the moment of rotation, the frictional force approaches to 0 and the torque of the rotation of the string (6) becomes the important component of the total tuning peg (1 ) torque. For this reason, the change in the value of "r_P" will change the tightening factor and the applied force per turn of the peghead (2) during the tuning.

From this point, the desired result can be achieved by reducing the diameter on the string wrap area (5) on the tuning peg (1 ), which cannot be done with conventional tuning pegs (4) for the reason given below.

Due to the static tension created by the string (6) in conventional tuning pegs (1 ), it is not possible to reduce the diameter of the tuning peg (1 ). If it is done, problems like tearing can arise in a short time which leads to malfunction. At the same time, the use of hardwood is essential to ensure that the coefficient of friction is significant in order to ensure that the tuning peg (1 ) is kept stationary at the desired location in the peghole (7) after the chord work.

For this reason, conventional tuning pegs (1 ) can not be produced below certain thicknesses. With the system of the invention, the disadvantages mentioned above have been eliminated in this respect, in which the pin (4) is intended to increase the strength of the tuning peg (1 ). Another important issue is to ensure that the required benefits are fully met and that the strength is maintained at a sufficient level, the diameter of the pin (4) and the diameter of the string wrap area (5) must be determined.

As a result of calculations made for having headstocks (3.2) with single and / or double touching points, it has been found out that the ideal radius of the pin (4) located in the tuning peg (1 ) in the inventive system should be half of the average radius of the string wrap area (5), with ± 25 deviations detected.

In this application, the torque is reduced by half by decreasing the string wrap area by half ±25% of the average diameter of the tuning peg (1 ).

By means of the technique of the present invention, a hole is formed in the tuning peg and through the hole the pin (4), which has a half ± 25% of the mean diameter of the tuning peg (1 ) and which is made of a high strength material, is placed with pin’s (4) middle area does not touch any tuning peg material, but string (6), forming the string wrap area (5).

In this case, the traditional tuning peg (1 ) radii with a standard deviation of ± 15%, such that the total must be exceeded, is reduced by half at the point where the string is wrapped.

The torque of the friction force for the example given in Figure 4, which is a tuning peg (1 ) having two touching surfaces, is given as:

Mtsi

The torque value of the peghead (2) to be overcome by the invention is reduced to about half due to the tension of the string (6) and the torque of the string (6) on the pin (4) are reduced by nearly half. Another reason for this is the reduction of the frictional force of the slightly upward movement of the tuning peg (1 ) during rotation and the reduction of its role in determining the threshold value that must be exceeded by the total torque.

The reinforcing pin (4) used in the invention is made of carbon fiber, hard aluminum, steel, titanium, etc., high-strength metals or various composite materials. Said material must have a higher strength than the standard tuning peg (1 ) material. In this respect, the resistance of the tuning peg (1 ) is increased against the increased tension of the string (6) while at the same time long-lasting feature is added to the tuning peg (1 ).

At the same time as the high-strength pin (4) used in combination and reducing the radius of the region wrapped by the string (6) to an average of half, the tuning change per unit turn of the tuning peg (1 ) is reduced and a more precise chord process can be performed. As can be seen in Figure 5, the gain from force due to physical laws is lost on the path, and accordingly the path lost by the pin (4) system has been converted into advantage as tuning accuracy.

In the invention, the peghole (7) formed in the instrument headstock (3.2), the tuning peg (1 ) materials is not changed in regions where the tuning peg (1 ) surfaces in contact with the peghole (7) and thus, the friction force relation is maintained.

The parts of the tuning peg (1 ) outside the string wrap area (5) are covered with the main body material of the tuning peg (1 ) and the pin (4) can only be felt in the string wrap area (5).

In this way, the inventive system prevents the pegholes (7) of the headstock (3.2) from being damaged by the high strength pins (4), thus preserving high performance interactions.

In addition, the pin (4), which has been applied to the tuning peg (1 ), has made it possible the use of all types of trees with medium to high hardness in tuning peg production. While the current auger (1 ) does not allow any interference due to necessity (5) in the wire winding area (5), the pin (4) application with a certain size creates grooves so that the wire (6) is wrapped in the desired direction and the cord is made more controllable.

In the present application, it is not possible to intervene in the string wrap area (5), while the pin (4) allows the string (6) to be wound in the desired direction and the chord can be made more controllable by forming the grooves by means of the application of the pin (4) with a certain size.

By means of a tuning peg (1 ) having a pin (4) formed at certain dimensions, the application of starting point which facilitates wrapping the string(6) can be applied. It has been revealed that the string (6) can be seated in a shorter time with the starting point being created.

In addition, particularly in stringed instruments, fixtures are used to facilitate the chord, since the system of the invention allows precise tuning, no fixes are needed and the weights are removed.

Claims

CLAIMS What claimed is:

1. The invention is a method for providing more precise and easier tuning in all stringed instruments which having wooden tuning pegs (1 ) comprising:

a pin (4) made of a material having a higher strength than the material used in the production of the tuning peg (1 ), having a diameter of about ±25% of the average diameter of the string wrap area (5) and located inside the tuning peg (1 ) integrally touching the inside surface of the tuning peg (1 ).

2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the tuning is more precise and easier, characterized in that; the entire string wrap area (5) required to be formed in relation to the instrument type and structure on said tuning peg (1 ) is formed by detaching the material from the tuning peg (1 ) until the surface of the pin (4) is reached at the middle.