WO2019078148A1 - Rare-earth magnet material and rare-earth magnet - Google Patents

Rare-earth magnet material and rare-earth magnet Download PDF

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WO2019078148A1
WO2019078148A1 PCT/JP2018/038290 JP2018038290W WO2019078148A1 WO 2019078148 A1 WO2019078148 A1 WO 2019078148A1 JP 2018038290 W JP2018038290 W JP 2018038290W WO 2019078148 A1 WO2019078148 A1 WO 2019078148A1
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phase
rare earth
less
earth magnet
powder
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PCT/JP2018/038290
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French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
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一誠 嶋内
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住友電気工業株式会社
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C19/00Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
    • C22C19/07Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on cobalt
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C38/00Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01FMAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F1/00Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
    • H01F1/01Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
    • H01F1/03Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
    • H01F1/032Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
    • H01F1/04Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys
    • H01F1/047Alloys characterised by their composition
    • H01F1/053Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals
    • H01F1/055Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01FMAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F1/00Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
    • H01F1/01Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
    • H01F1/03Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
    • H01F1/032Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
    • H01F1/04Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys
    • H01F1/047Alloys characterised by their composition
    • H01F1/053Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals
    • H01F1/055Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5
    • H01F1/057Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01FMAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F1/00Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
    • H01F1/01Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
    • H01F1/03Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
    • H01F1/032Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
    • H01F1/04Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys
    • H01F1/047Alloys characterised by their composition
    • H01F1/053Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals
    • H01F1/055Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5
    • H01F1/058Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IVa elements, e.g. Gd2Fe14C

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to rare earth magnet materials and rare earth magnets.
  • This application claims the priority based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2017-201590 filed on Oct. 18, 2017, and incorporates all the contents described in the aforementioned Japanese Patent Application.
  • Patent Document 1 discloses a rare earth magnet using a powder of an Nd-Fe-B based alloy (for example, Nd 2 Fe 14 B) containing Nd (neodymium), Fe (iron) and B (boron).
  • Nd-Fe-B based alloy for example, Nd 2 Fe 14 B
  • Nd neodymium
  • Fe iron
  • B boron
  • a hydrogenated powder obtained by hydrogenating a powder of an Nd-Fe-B alloy is used as a raw material powder, and a powder compact obtained by compression molding the raw material powder is subjected to a dehydrogenation treatment to obtain an Nd-Fe-B alloy
  • the material is manufactured and this alloy material is used for the material of the rare earth magnet.
  • the rare earth magnet material according to the present disclosure is Composition of at least one rare earth element R containing Nd, at least one transition metal element T containing Fe, and at least one element X selected from B and C, and the composition ratio of R is ⁇ , T A first phase containing a compound represented by R ⁇ T ⁇ X, where the ratio is ⁇ ; A grain boundary phase which is present at grain boundaries of the first phase and has a concentration of R higher than that of the R ⁇ T ⁇ X; When it is composed of at least one rare earth element S containing Sm and at least one transition metal element M containing Co, and the composition ratio of S is ⁇ , and the composition ratio of M is ⁇ , it is represented by S ⁇ M ⁇ And a second phase containing the compound.
  • the rare earth magnet material according to the present disclosure is Composition of at least one rare earth element R containing Nd, at least one transition metal element T containing Fe, and at least one element X selected from B and C, and the composition ratio of R is ⁇ , T A first phase containing a compound represented by R ⁇ T ⁇ X, where the ratio is ⁇ ; A grain boundary phase which is present at grain boundaries of the first phase and has a concentration of R higher than that of the R ⁇ T ⁇ X; When it is composed of at least one rare earth element S containing Sm and at least one transition metal element M containing Co, and the composition ratio of S is ⁇ , and the composition ratio of M is ⁇ , it is represented by S ⁇ M ⁇ And a second phase containing the compound.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of a rare earth magnet material according to the embodiment.
  • FIG. 2A is a first diagram for explaining a manufacturing process of the rare earth magnet material according to the embodiment.
  • FIG. 2: B is a 2nd figure explaining the manufacturing process of the rare earth magnet raw material which concerns on embodiment.
  • FIG. 2C is a third diagram illustrating the manufacturing process of the rare earth magnet material according to the embodiment.
  • FIG. 2D is a fourth diagram illustrating the manufacturing process of the rare earth magnet material according to the embodiment.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing the structure of the rare earth magnet according to the embodiment.
  • the residual magnetic flux density and coercivity of the rare earth magnet change with temperature.
  • the degree (temperature coefficient) in which the characteristics of residual magnetic flux density and coercivity change with temperature is large, and the residual magnetic flux density and coercivity decrease significantly as the temperature increases. easy.
  • a rare earth magnet material is: Composition of at least one rare earth element R containing Nd, at least one transition metal element T containing Fe, and at least one element X selected from B and C, and the composition ratio of R is ⁇ , T A first phase containing a compound represented by R ⁇ T ⁇ X, where the ratio is ⁇ ; A grain boundary phase which is present at grain boundaries of the first phase and has a concentration of R higher than that of the R ⁇ T ⁇ X; When it is composed of at least one rare earth element S containing Sm and at least one transition metal element M containing Co, and the composition ratio of S is ⁇ , and the composition ratio of M is ⁇ , it is represented by S ⁇ M ⁇ And a second phase containing the compound.
  • the rare earth magnet material can reduce the degree (temperature coefficient) of change in magnetic characteristics due to temperature as compared to the case where the second phase is not provided, and is sufficient even under high temperatures.
  • a rare earth magnet having magnetic properties is obtained.
  • the rare earth magnet material can reduce the degree of change in residual magnetic flux density with temperature (temperature coefficient of residual magnetic flux density) and the degree of change in coercive force with temperature ( The temperature coefficient (coefficient of coercivity) can be reduced, and reduction in residual magnetic flux density and coercivity can be suppressed at high temperatures.
  • the content of the second phase in the rare earth magnet material may be 3% by mass or more and 50% by mass or less.
  • the content of the second phase in the rare earth magnet material is 3% by mass or more, a rare earth magnet having magnetic properties sufficient for practical use even at high temperatures can be obtained.
  • the content of the second phase in the rare earth magnet material is 50% by mass or less, the content of the first phase in the rare earth magnet material can be secured, and a decrease in residual magnetic flux density can be suppressed. And the increase in cost can be suppressed.
  • composition ratio of S ⁇ M ⁇ satisfies the above range, it is easy to obtain a rare earth magnet having excellent magnetic properties.
  • the above-mentioned rare earth magnet material it is mentioned that the above-mentioned R alpha T beta X is 1.5 or more and 2.5 or less, and beta is 12.5 or more and 15.5 or less.
  • composition ratio of R ⁇ T ⁇ X satisfies the above range, it is easy to obtain a rare earth magnet having excellent magnetic properties.
  • the R ⁇ T ⁇ X is Nd 2 T 14 X.
  • the average grain size of the said 1st phase is 700 nm or less.
  • the average grain size of the first phase is 700 nm or less, the effect of improving the magnetic properties (in particular, the coercivity) attributed to the fine crystal structure can be expected.
  • the rare earth magnet material according to the embodiment of the present disclosure is Composition of at least one rare earth element R containing Nd, at least one transition metal element T containing Fe, and at least one element X selected from B and C, and the composition ratio of R is ⁇ , T A first phase containing a compound represented by R ⁇ T ⁇ X, where the ratio is ⁇ ; A grain boundary phase which is present at grain boundaries of the first phase and has a concentration of R higher than that of the R ⁇ T ⁇ X; When it is composed of at least one rare earth element S containing Sm and at least one transition metal element M containing Co, and the composition ratio of S is ⁇ , and the composition ratio of M is ⁇ , it is represented by S ⁇ M ⁇ And a second phase containing the compound, In the S ⁇ M ⁇ , ⁇ is 1 or more and 3 or less, ⁇ is 4 or more and 18 or less, In the above R ⁇ T ⁇ X, ⁇ is 1.5 or more and 2.5 or less, and ⁇ is 1
  • a rare earth magnet Composition of at least one rare earth element R containing Nd, at least one transition metal element T containing Fe, and at least one element X selected from B and C, and the composition ratio of R is ⁇ , T
  • a grain boundary phase which is present at grain boundaries of the first phase and has a concentration of R higher than that of the R ⁇ T ⁇ X;
  • it is composed of at least one rare earth element S containing Sm and at least one transition metal element M containing Co, and the composition ratio of S is ⁇ , and the composition ratio of M is ⁇ , it is represented by S ⁇ M ⁇
  • a second phase containing the compound When it is composed of at least one rare earth element S containing Sm and at least one transition metal element M containing Co, and the composition ratio of S is ⁇ , and the composition ratio of M is ⁇ , it is represented by S ⁇ M ⁇ And a second phase containing the compound.
  • the above-described rare earth magnet can reduce the degree of change in magnetic characteristics (temperature coefficient) due to temperature as compared with the case where the second phase is not provided, and is sufficient even under high temperatures. Magnetic properties are obtained. Specifically, by providing the second phase, the rare earth magnet can reduce the degree of change in residual magnetic flux density with temperature (temperature coefficient of residual magnetic flux density), and the degree of change in coercive force with temperature The temperature coefficient of the magnetic force can be reduced, and reduction in residual magnetic flux density and coercivity at high temperatures can be suppressed.
  • the content of the second phase in the rare earth magnet is, for example, 3% by mass or more and 50% by mass or less.
  • the content of the second phase in the rare earth magnet is 3% by mass or more, practically sufficient magnetic characteristics can be obtained even under high temperature.
  • the content of the second phase in the rare earth magnet material is 50% by mass or less, the content of the first phase in the rare earth magnet can be secured, and a decrease in residual magnetic flux density can be suppressed. Cost increase can be suppressed.
  • the S ⁇ M ⁇ may have ⁇ of 1 or more and 3 or less, and ⁇ of 4 or more and 18 or less.
  • composition ratio of S ⁇ M ⁇ satisfies the above range, excellent magnetic properties can be obtained.
  • the R ⁇ T ⁇ X preferably has ⁇ of 1.5 or more and 2.5 or less and ⁇ of 12.5 or more and 15.5 or less.
  • composition ratio of R ⁇ T ⁇ X satisfies the above range, excellent magnetic properties can be obtained.
  • the average crystal grain size of the first phase may be 700 nm or less.
  • the average grain size of the first phase is 700 nm or less, the effect of improving the magnetic properties (in particular, the coercivity) attributed to the fine crystal structure can be expected.
  • the rare earth magnet material 1 is R ⁇ T ⁇ X (R is at least one rare earth element containing Nd, T is at least one transition metal element containing Fe, X is at least one element selected from B and C, ⁇ Is the composition ratio of R, ⁇ is the composition ratio of T) and is present at the grain boundaries of the crystal grains 110 constituting the first phase 11 containing the compound and is more than R ⁇ T ⁇ X And an intergranular phase 111 with a high concentration of R.
  • a rare earth magnet using a rare earth magnet material containing Nd tends to lower the residual magnetic flux density and the coercivity as the temperature rises.
  • the rare earth magnet material 1 according to the embodiment has a configuration capable of exhibiting sufficient residual magnetic flux density and coercive force even under high temperature.
  • the rare earth magnet material 1 according to the embodiment is S ⁇ M ⁇ (S is at least one rare earth element including Sm, M is at least one transition metal element including Co, ⁇ is a composition ratio of S,
  • the second phase 12 containing a compound represented by the composition ratio of M) is provided.
  • the first phase 11 contains a compound represented by R ⁇ T ⁇ X.
  • the first phase 11 is polycrystalline.
  • one grain of the first phase 11 is shown as one square, and one crystal grain 110 that constitutes the polycrystal of the first phase 11 is shown as one hexagon.
  • R is at least one rare earth element including Nd (neodymium).
  • R may be Nd alone, or a part of Nd is at least one element selected from Pr (praseodymium), Ce (cerium), Dy (dysprosium), Tb (terbium) and Y (yttrium) It may be substituted.
  • the content of R in R ⁇ T ⁇ X is, for example, 25% by mass or more and 35% by mass or less, and further 26% by mass or more and 34% by mass or less.
  • the content of the substituting element occupying in the entire R may be 3% by mass or less, and further 2% by mass or less.
  • T is at least one transition metal element including Fe (iron).
  • T may be Fe alone, or part of Fe may be Co (cobalt), Ni (nickel), Ga (gallium), Cu (copper), Al (aluminum), Si (silicon), Ti (titanium) And at least one element selected from Mn (manganese) and Nb (niobium).
  • the content of T in R ⁇ T ⁇ X is, for example, 62% by mass or more and 74.5% by mass or less, and further 64% by mass or more and 73% by mass or less.
  • the content of the substitution element occupying in the entire T may be 10% by mass or less, and further 8% by mass or less.
  • X is at least one element selected from B (boron) and C (carbon). X may be B or C alone, or a part of B may be substituted with C.
  • the content of X in R ⁇ T ⁇ X is, for example, 0.7% by mass or more and 1.5% by mass or less, and further, 0.8% by mass or more and 1.3% by mass or less.
  • the content of C in the entire X is 0.1% by mass or less, and further preferably 0.07% by mass or less.
  • the stoichiometric composition of R ⁇ T ⁇ X is 1.5 to 2.5, ⁇ is 12.5 to 15.5, ⁇ is 1.6 to 2.4, and ⁇ is 13. It is preferable to satisfy 0 or more and 15.0 or less.
  • the stoichiometric composition of R ⁇ T ⁇ X is ideally R 2 T 14 X.
  • the stoichiometric composition of R ⁇ T ⁇ X includes Nd 2 Fe 14 B, Nd 2 Fe 14 C, Nd 2 (Fe 13 Co 1 ) B, and the like. By satisfying this composition, the magnetic properties can be enhanced.
  • This composition is determined from the content of each element in the first phase. The content of the element can be measured by ICP (Inductively Coupled Plasma) emission spectroscopy.
  • the average grain size of the crystal grains 110 constituting the polycrystal of the first phase 11 may be 700 nm or less.
  • the average crystal grain size is as small as 700 nm or less, the effect of improving the magnetic properties (in particular, the coercivity) attributed to the fine crystal structure can be expected.
  • the smaller the average crystal grain size the better the magnetic properties, and may be 500 nm or less, further 300 nm or less.
  • the average crystal grain size is observed on the surface or cross section of the rare earth magnet material 1 with a scanning electron microscope (SEM), the area of each crystal grain 110 is examined from the observation image, and the equal area of each area is obtained. It can be obtained by measuring the equivalent circle diameter and calculating its average value. When calculating using an observation image, it can be easily calculated using commercially available image processing software.
  • the grain boundary phase 111 is present at the grain boundaries of the crystal grains 110 constituting the first phase 11.
  • the grain boundary phase 111 is formed by the extra R that does not form the stoichiometry of R ⁇ T ⁇ X in the first phase 11.
  • the grain boundary phase 111 has a higher concentration (mass% concentration) of R than R ⁇ T ⁇ X, for example, 1.1 times or more, and further 1.2 times the concentration of R in R ⁇ T ⁇ X Meet the above.
  • the crystal grains 110 constituting the first phase 11 are connected by the grain boundary phase 111.
  • Second phase 12 comprises a compound represented by S ⁇ M ⁇ .
  • the second phase 12 is a single crystal.
  • one particle of the second phase 12 is shown as one circle.
  • the gap between the first phase 11 and the second phase 12 is exaggerated in FIG. 1, the gap is actually small or substantially absent.
  • S is at least one rare earth element including Sm (samarium).
  • S may be Sm alone, or part of Sm may be substituted with at least one element selected from Pr, Ce, Dy, Tb and Y.
  • the content of S in S ⁇ M ⁇ is, for example, 30% by mass or more and 38% by mass or less, and further 32% by mass or more and 36% by mass or less.
  • the content of the substitution element occupying in the whole of S is 5% by mass or less, and further 3% by mass or less.
  • M is at least one transition metal element including Co (cobalt).
  • M may be Co alone, or part of Co may be substituted by at least one element selected from Fe, Ni, Ga, Cu, Al, Si, Ti, Mn and Nb.
  • the content of M in S ⁇ M ⁇ is, for example, 62% by mass or more and 70% by mass or less, and further 64% by mass or more and 68% by mass or less.
  • the content of the substituting element occupying in the entire M may be 30% by mass or less, and further 20% by mass or less.
  • the stoichiometric composition of S ⁇ M ⁇ it is preferable that ⁇ be 1 or more and 3 or less and ⁇ be 4 or more and 18 or less.
  • the stoichiometric composition of S ⁇ M ⁇ includes Sm 1 Co 5 , Sm 2 Co 17 and the like. By satisfying this composition, the magnetic properties can be enhanced.
  • This composition is determined from the content of each element in the second phase. The content of the element can be measured by ICP emission spectrometry.
  • the rare earth magnet material 1 can reduce the degree of change in magnetic characteristics (temperature coefficient) due to temperature compared to the case where the second phase 12 is not provided, and the magnetic characteristics are high at high temperatures. It is possible to suppress the decrease.
  • the content of the second phase 12 in the rare earth magnet material 1 may be 3% by mass or more and 50% by mass or less. When the content of the second phase 12 is 3% by mass or more, practically sufficient magnetic characteristics can be exhibited even under high temperature. As the content of the second phase 12 increases, the temperature coefficient of the rare earth magnet material 1 can be reduced, and the content is further 5% by mass or more, 10% by mass or more, particularly 15% by mass or more, 20% by mass or more, 25% by mass or more Being mentioned.
  • the content of the second phase 12 increases, the content of the first phase 11 in the rare earth magnet material 1 relatively decreases, and the residual magnetic flux density decreases, and the cost increases. 50% by mass or less, further 45% by mass or less, 40% by mass or less, particularly 35% by mass or less.
  • the respective contents of the first phase 11 and the second phase 12 in the rare earth magnet material 1 are the same as the respective contents of the first phase powder 31 and the second phase powder 32 of the raw material powder in the method of manufacturing the rare earth magnet material 1 described later. It is.
  • the degree of change in residual magnetic flux density with temperature is less than 0.129% / ° C. in absolute value
  • the degree of change in coercivity with temperature is less than 0.562% /. Degree. C. in absolute value. Since the temperature coefficient of residual magnetic flux density is less than 0.129% / ° C. in absolute value and the temperature coefficient of coercivity is less than 0.562% / ° C. in absolute value, the magnet can be used even in a large temperature change environment The performance becomes constant, and changes in device performance due to temperature changes can be reduced.
  • the temperature coefficient of the residual magnetic flux density and the temperature coefficient of the coercivity have negative values, and the smaller the absolute value, the smaller the temperature change of the residual magnetic flux density and the coercivity.
  • the temperature coefficient of the residual magnetic flux density in the rare earth magnet material 1 is such that the temperature change of the residual magnetic flux density is smaller as the absolute value is smaller, so the absolute value is 0.127% / ° C. or less, and 0.120% / ° C as an absolute value. It is mentioned that it is the following. Further, the temperature coefficient of the coercivity in the rare earth magnet material 1 has a smaller change in temperature of the coercivity as the absolute value decreases, so the absolute value is 0.541% / ° C. or less, and the absolute value is 0.492% / ° C It is mentioned that it is the following.
  • the temperature coefficient of the residual magnetic flux density and the temperature coefficient of the coercivity can be reduced as the content of the second phase 12 increases, but the content of the second phase 12 has a preferable range. Therefore, the temperature coefficient of residual magnetic flux density is 0.078% / ° C. or more in absolute value, and the temperature coefficient of coercivity is 0.283% / ° C. or more in absolute value. The method of measuring the temperature coefficient of the residual magnetic flux density and the temperature coefficient of the coercivity will be described in the test examples described later.
  • the rare earth magnet material 1 described above can be suitably used as a material for permanent magnets, for example, permanent magnets used for various types of motors, in particular, high-speed motors provided in hybrid vehicles and hard disk drives.
  • the rare earth magnet material 1 described above can be manufactured, for example, by performing a preparation process, a molding process, and a dehydrogenation process. A method of manufacturing the rare earth magnet material 1 will be described with reference to FIGS. 2A to 2D.
  • magnet powder 3 in which first phase powder 31 and second phase powder 32 are mixed is prepared.
  • the preparation step includes the steps of preparing the first phase powder 31, preparing the second phase powder 32, and mixing the first phase powder 31 and the second phase powder 32.
  • Preparation process of first phase powder In the preparation step of the first phase powder 31, a powder of RTX based alloy having a compound represented by R ⁇ T ⁇ X (for example, Nd 2 T 14 X) as a main phase is prepared, and the powder of this alloy is prepared. Is subjected to hydrogenation treatment. That is, the first phase powder 31 obtained after the hydrotreating is a hydrogenated powder of an RTX based alloy. Further, in the step of preparing the first phase powder 31, the hydrogenated powder after the hydrotreating is crushed.
  • R ⁇ T ⁇ X for example, Nd 2 T 14 X
  • the powder of the RTX-based alloy is obtained, for example, by crushing a molten cast ingot made of the RTX-based alloy or a foil-like body obtained by a rapid solidification method with a grinding apparatus such as a jaw crusher, jet mill or ball mill. Or, it can be manufactured using an atomizing method such as a gas atomizing method.
  • the size of the powder of this RTX-based alloy is, for example, 500 ⁇ m or more and 30 mm or less in maximum diameter. When the maximum diameter is 500 ⁇ m or more, it is easy to grind to a medium particle size at the time of the subsequent grinding, and it is easy to produce a hydrogenated powder of a particle size suitable for compression molding. On the other hand, when the maximum diameter is 30 mm or less, the time required for the subsequent grinding can be shortened.
  • the maximum diameter refers to the length of the longest part of the particle of one RTX-based alloy when viewed in plan from all directions.
  • the atmosphere containing a hydrogen element may be a single atmosphere of only H 2 (hydrogen) or a mixed atmosphere of H 2 and an inert gas such as Ar (argon) or N 2 (nitrogen).
  • the temperature during heat treatment is set to a temperature at which the disproportionation reaction of the RTX based alloy proceeds, ie, the disproportionation temperature or more.
  • the disproportionation reaction is a reaction that separates into a hydrogen compound of a rare earth element and iron (or iron and an iron compound) by preferential hydrogenation of the rare earth element (at least one rare earth element R containing Nd).
  • the lower limit temperature at which the reaction occurs is called disproportionation temperature.
  • the disproportionation temperature varies depending on the composition of the R-T-X-based alloy and the type of the rare earth element R, but may be, for example, 600 ° C. or more and 1100 ° C. or less.
  • the RTX-based alloy is Nd 2 Fe 14 B, 650 ° C. or higher can be mentioned.
  • the holding time at the time of heat treatment may be 0.5 hours to 5 hours. This heat treatment can apply known disproportionation conditions.
  • Each of the first phase particles 310 constituting the hydrogenated powder (first phase powder 31) obtained by the above-mentioned hydrotreating has a structure in which phase decomposition into a phase 311 of a hydrogen compound of rare earth element and a phase 312 of iron-containing material (See FIG. 2A).
  • the hydrogen compound of the rare earth element includes RH 2 and the like.
  • iron-containing substances include Fe and Fe 2 X.
  • the first phase particles 310 after this hydrotreating have the presence of pure iron which is a soft portion softer than the phase 311 of the R-T-X based alloy before the phase decomposition or the hydrogen compound of the rare earth element. When compression molding is carried out in a molding step to be described later, it is easily deformed to improve the moldability.
  • the existence mode of the phase 311 of the hydrogen compound of the rare earth element and the phase 312 of the iron-containing material is a layered form in which the phase 311 of the hydrogen compound of the rare earth element and the phase 312 of the iron-containing material have a laminated structure
  • the form of their existence depends on the heat treatment conditions (mainly temperature) of the hydrotreating.
  • the dispersed form is easier to improve formability than the layered form because the iron-containing phase 312 uniformly exists around the phase 311 of the rare earth element hydrogen compound. Therefore, it is easy to obtain powder compacts (rare earth magnet material 1) of various shapes such as arc shape, cylindrical shape, and cylindrical shape. In addition, it is easy to obtain a high density powder compact with high magnetic powder density.
  • the phase 312 of the iron-containing material is preferably 60% by volume or more.
  • the phase 311 of the hard compound of the rare earth element is relatively reduced, and the formability is easily improved at the time of compression molding in a molding process described later.
  • the phase 312 of the iron-containing material is 90% by volume or less, the phase 311 of the hydrogen compound of the rare earth element is relatively large, and the magnetic characteristics are excellent.
  • the iron-containing phase 312 further includes 63% by volume or more and 85% by volume or less and 65% by volume or more and 80% by volume or less.
  • the phase 311 of the hydrogen compound of the rare earth element and the phase 312 of the iron-containing material are adjacent to each other, and the distance between the phase 311 of the hydrogen compound of the rare earth element adjacent through the iron-containing phase 312 is 3 ⁇ m or less Being mentioned.
  • the structure in which the iron containing phase 312 is present between the rare earth element hydrogen compound phases 311 and the rare earth element hydrogen compound phase 311 is present at a specific interval is a structure in which both phases 311 and 312 are uniformly present. Therefore, when compression molding is carried out, it deforms uniformly.
  • the phase 311 of the hydrogen compound of the rare earth element and the phase 312 of the iron-containing substance recombine with the RTX based alloy before the phase decomposition by dehydrogenation later. Further, it is possible to suppress the deterioration of the magnetic properties due to the coarsening of the crystal grains of the R-T-X-based alloy as well as to avoid the need to input excessive energy.
  • the iron-containing phase 312 may be sufficiently present between the rare earth element hydrogen compound phases 311, the above-mentioned interval may be 0.5 ⁇ m or more, and further 1 ⁇ m or more.
  • the above-mentioned interval can be controlled, for example, by adjusting the composition of the RTX-based alloy used as the raw material, or by adjusting the conditions of the hydrotreating, in particular, the heat treatment temperature. For example, when the ratio (atomic ratio) of iron is increased in the RTX-based alloy or the heat treatment temperature is increased in the above-described temperature range, the above-mentioned interval tends to be increased.
  • the cross section of the first phase particle 310 is etched to remove the iron-containing phase 312 to extract the rare earth element hydrogen compound phase 311 or rare earth depending on the type of etching solution.
  • the phase 311 of the hydrogen compound of the element is removed to extract the phase 312 of the iron-containing substance, or the cross section can be measured by composition analysis using an EDX (energy dispersive X-ray analyzer).
  • the hydrogenated powder (first phase powder 31) after the hydrotreating can be pulverized and controlled to a desired particle size.
  • the hydrotreated powder is pulverized to a medium particle size to produce a first phase powder 31 having a particle size suitable for compression molding.
  • the respective first phase particles 310 constituting the first phase powder 31 have substantially the same structure (phase 311 of hydrogen compound of rare earth element and phase 312 of iron-containing material) before and after grinding.
  • the first phase powder 31 obtained by grinding preferably has an average particle diameter D50 of 50 ⁇ m or more and 700 ⁇ m or less.
  • Such a first phase powder 31 is particularly excellent in moldability because it has a particle diameter suitable for compression molding in a molding step to be described later.
  • the average particle diameter D50 is 50 ⁇ m or more
  • the particles constituting the second phase powder 32 can be easily firmly bonded to each other.
  • the average particle diameter D50 of the first phase powder 31 is further 75 ⁇ m or more and 550 ⁇ m or less, in particular 100 ⁇ m or more and 400 ⁇ m or less.
  • the average particle diameter D50 is a particle diameter that takes a volume-based particle size distribution when measured by a laser diffraction type particle size distribution measuring device, and the accumulation becomes 50% from the small diameter side It is the value. This point is the same as in the second phase powder 32 described later.
  • a powder of an SM based alloy having a compound represented by S ⁇ M ⁇ (for example, Sm 1 Co 5 ) as a main phase is prepared.
  • the powder of this SM type alloy is manufactured, for example, by high frequency melting the raw material of the SM type alloy in an inert gas atmosphere such as Ar, and thereafter pulverizing it with a pulverizer such as a jaw crusher or a jet mill. can do.
  • the size of the powder of the SM type alloy (second phase powder 32) preferably has an average particle diameter D50 (50 volume% particle diameter) of 1 ⁇ m or more and 1000 ⁇ m or less.
  • the average particle diameter D50 of the second phase powder 32 is further 3 ⁇ m or more and 900 ⁇ m or less, in particular 5 ⁇ m or more and 800 ⁇ m or less.
  • the mixing ratio of the first phase powder 31 and the second phase powder 32 in the powder 3 for magnet is maintained at the existing ratio (content) of the first phase 11 and the second phase 12 in the obtained rare earth magnet material 1 . Therefore, the temperature coefficient of the rare earth magnet material 1 can be reduced as the proportion of the second phase powder 32 in the powder 3 for magnet increases.
  • the blending ratio of the second phase powder 32 in the powder 3 for magnet is 3% or more, further 5% or more, 10% or more, particularly 15% or more, 20% or more, 25% or more in mass ratio Be
  • the compounding ratio of the second phase powder 32 in the powder 3 for magnet is too large, the compounding ratio of the first phase powder 31 in the powder 3 for magnet relatively decreases, and the formability is lowered or obtained.
  • the residual magnetic flux density of the rare earth magnet material 1 may be reduced or the cost may be increased. Therefore, the compounding ratio of the second phase powder 32 in the powder 3 for magnet may be 50% or less, 45% or less, 40% or less, particularly 35% or less by mass ratio.
  • the mixing of the first phase powder 31 and the second phase powder 32 may be performed using a suitable mixer capable of uniformly mixing the two powders 31 and 32.
  • the mixing time is, for example, 10 minutes or more and 3 hours or less, and further 30 minutes or more and 2.5 hours or less.
  • the mixing may be carried out in a nitrogen atmosphere.
  • powder 3 for magnet is compression-molded to produce powder compact 2.
  • a mold 9 capable of obtaining a powder compact 2 having a desired shape.
  • the mold 9 typically forms a molding space with a die 91 having a through hole and the inner peripheral surface of the die 91, and is inserted into the through hole to form a pair of upper punches for compression molding of the magnet powder 3. And 92 and a lower punch 93.
  • a rod (not shown) inserted and disposed in the through hole of the die 91 is used.
  • the molding pressure can be appropriately selected to achieve the desired relative density.
  • the molding pressure is, for example, 490 MPa or more and 1,500 MPa or less.
  • the atmosphere at the time of the dehydrogenation treatment is a non-hydrogen atmosphere so that each hydrogen can be efficiently removed without reacting with the hydrogenated powder (first phase powder 31).
  • the non-hydrogen atmosphere includes an inert atmosphere or a reduced pressure atmosphere, for example, an inert gas atmosphere such as Ar or N 2 , or a vacuum atmosphere having a pressure lower than the standard atmospheric pressure.
  • an inert gas atmosphere such as Ar or N 2
  • a vacuum atmosphere having a pressure lower than the standard atmospheric pressure for example, an inert gas atmosphere such as Ar or N 2
  • a vacuum atmosphere having a pressure lower than the standard atmospheric pressure.
  • the temperature of the heat treatment at the time of the dehydrogenation treatment is at least the recombination temperature of the powder compact 2 (the temperature at which the separated iron-containing material and the rare earth element combine).
  • the recombination temperature varies depending on the composition of the particles constituting the powder compact 2, for example, the temperature is preferably 600 ° C. to 1000 ° C., more preferably 650 ° C. to 850 ° C., and still more preferably 700 ° C. to 800 ° C.
  • Be The heat treatment time at the time of the dehydrogenation treatment may be, for example, 10 minutes to 10 hours, more preferably 30 minutes to 5 hours, and further 1 hour to 3 hours.
  • the relative density of the rare earth magnet material 1 obtained by the dehydrogenation treatment is substantially equal to the relative density of the powder compact 2 although it changes somewhat depending on the temperature and time of the heat treatment.
  • the rare earth magnet material 1 is recombined with the original compound represented by R ⁇ T ⁇ X, with the phase 311 of the hydrogen compound of the rare earth element and the phase 312 of the iron-containing substance phase-decomposed by hydrogenation. And a polycrystalline structure in which the crystal grains are refined. It is mentioned that this average crystal grain size is 700 nm or less. Referring to FIG.
  • the rare earth magnet material 1 after the dehydrogenation treatment is R ⁇ T ⁇ X
  • R is at least one rare earth element including Nd
  • T is at least one transition metal element including Fe
  • X is B and at least one element selected from C
  • alpha is the composition ratio of R
  • beta is the first phase 11 containing a compound represented by T composition ratio of
  • S ⁇ M ⁇ S is at least one that contains the Sm
  • the second phase 12 includes a rare earth element
  • M is at least one transition metal element including Co
  • is a composition ratio of S
  • is a composition ratio of M).
  • a powder for a magnet was prepared by mixing the first phase powder and the second phase powder.
  • a cast flake having a stoichiometry of Nd 2 Fe 14 B and a size of 0.5 to 30 mm is prepared as a first phase powder, and the cast flake is subjected to a hydrogenation treatment and then crushed to obtain a hydrogenated powder.
  • the hydrogenation treatment was performed at 850 ° C. for 3 hours in a hydrogen atmosphere.
  • the grinding was performed using a cemented carbide mortar.
  • the pulverized hydrogenated powder (first phase powder) had an average particle diameter D50 of 150 ⁇ m.
  • a powder having an average particle diameter D50 of 10 ⁇ m and a stoichiometric composition of Sm 1 Co 5 was prepared.
  • the prepared first phase powder and the second phase powder were mixed to prepare a powder for a magnet.
  • the mixing was performed for 30 minutes in a nitrogen atmosphere using a V-type mixer.
  • the blend ratio of the first phase powder to the second phase powder is shown in Table 1.
  • Sample No. 1-11 used only the first phase powder as a powder for a magnet.
  • the above-mentioned powder for a magnet was filled in a mold and compression molded to prepare a powder compact having a diameter of 10 mm and a height of 10 mm. Compression molding was performed at a molding pressure of 980 MPa (10 ton / cm 2 ).
  • the powder compact was dehydrogenated to prepare a sample of a rare earth magnet material.
  • the dehydrogenation treatment was performed at 800 ° C. for 3 hours in a vacuum atmosphere (vacuum degree: less than 0.5 Pa).
  • the average crystal grain size of the crystal grains constituting the first phase was measured from the observation image of the SEM. Specifically, the area of each crystal grain is examined from the observation image using commercially available image processing software, and the average equivalent circular diameter of each area is taken as the average crystal grain size. As a result, it was found that the average crystal grain size was 700 nm or less.
  • the rare earth magnet material of each sample is magnetized with a pulse magnetic field of 3.5 T to prepare a rare earth magnet of each sample, and the temperature coefficient (% / ° C.) of residual magnetic flux density and temperature coefficient (%) of coercivity in the rare earth magnet / ° C) was examined.
  • the temperature coefficient of the residual magnetic flux density and the temperature coefficient of the coercivity are such that the inside of the glove box installed in the BH tracer (BHH-530AP made by Riken Denshi) is made into a nitrogen atmosphere, and the rare earth magnet material of each sample is made in the glove box.
  • BH tracer BHH-530AP made by Riken Denshi
  • the rare earth magnet 10 is R ⁇ T ⁇ X (R is at least one rare earth element including Nd, T is at least one transition metal element including Fe, and X is B and at least one element selected from C, alpha is the composition ratio of R, beta is the first phase 11 containing a compound represented by T composition ratio of), S ⁇ M ⁇ (S is at least one that contains the Sm
  • the second phase 12 includes a rare earth element, M is at least one transition metal element including Co, ⁇ is a composition ratio of S, and ⁇ is a composition ratio of M).
  • sample No. 2 containing 3% by mass or more of the second phase powder.
  • 1-1 to 1-5 show sample No. 1 which does not contain the second phase powder. It can be seen that the absolute values of the temperature coefficient of residual magnetic flux density and the temperature coefficient of coercivity are smaller than those in 1-11. Specifically, sample No. 3 containing 3% by mass of the second phase powder. Sample No. 1-1 does not contain the second phase powder. Compared to 1-11, the temperature coefficient of residual magnetic flux density is about 1.5% smaller, and the temperature coefficient of coercivity is about 3.7% smaller. The temperature coefficient of residual magnetic flux density is reduced by about 1.5%, and the temperature coefficient of coercivity is reduced by about 3.7%, so that the rare earth magnet material has sufficient magnetic properties for practical use even at high temperatures. Can be expected to
  • the content of the second phase powder is preferably 50% by mass or less.

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Abstract

A rare-earth magnet material provided with: a first phase including a compound constituted from at least one type of rare-earth element R including Nd, at least one type of transition metal element T including Fe, and at least one type of element X selected from B and C, the compound being represented by RαTβX, where α is the composition ratio of R and β is the composition ratio of T; a grain boundary phase present in a crystal boundary of the first phase and having a higher R concentration than the RαTβ; and a second phase including a compound constituted from at least one type of rare-earth element S including Sm and at least one type of transition metal element M including Co, the compound being represented by SγMδ, where γ is the composition ratio of S, and δ is the composition ratio of M.

Description

希土類磁石素材および希土類磁石Rare earth magnet material and rare earth magnet
 本開示は、希土類磁石素材および希土類磁石に関する。本出願は2017年10月18日出願の日本特許出願第2017-201590号に基づく優先権を主張し、前記日本特許出願に記載された全ての内容を援用するものである。 The present disclosure relates to rare earth magnet materials and rare earth magnets. This application claims the priority based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2017-201590 filed on Oct. 18, 2017, and incorporates all the contents described in the aforementioned Japanese Patent Application.
 特許文献1には、Nd(ネオジム)とFe(鉄)とB(ホウ素)とを含むNd-Fe-B系合金(例えば、NdFe14B)の粉末を用いた希土類磁石が開示されている。具体的には、Nd-Fe-B系合金の粉末を水素化した水素化粉末を原料粉末とし、この原料粉末を圧縮成形した粉末成形体に脱水素処理を施してNd-Fe-B系合金材を製造し、この合金材を希土類磁石の素材に用いている。 Patent Document 1 discloses a rare earth magnet using a powder of an Nd-Fe-B based alloy (for example, Nd 2 Fe 14 B) containing Nd (neodymium), Fe (iron) and B (boron). There is. Specifically, a hydrogenated powder obtained by hydrogenating a powder of an Nd-Fe-B alloy is used as a raw material powder, and a powder compact obtained by compression molding the raw material powder is subjected to a dehydrogenation treatment to obtain an Nd-Fe-B alloy The material is manufactured and this alloy material is used for the material of the rare earth magnet.
特開2011-236498号公報JP, 2011-236498, A
 本開示に係る希土類磁石素材は、
 Ndを含む少なくとも一種の希土類元素Rと、Feを含む少なくとも一種の遷移金属元素Tと、B及びCから選択される少なくとも一種の元素Xとで構成され、Rの組成比をα、Tの組成比をβとしたとき、RαβXで示される化合物を含む第一相と、
 前記第一相の結晶粒界に存在して前記RαβXよりもRの濃度が高い粒界相と、
 Smを含む少なくとも一種の希土類元素Sと、Coを含む少なくとも一種の遷移金属元素Mとで構成され、Sの組成比をγ、Mの組成比をδとしたとき、Sγδで示される化合物を含む第二相とを備える。
 本開示に係る希土類磁石素材は、
 Ndを含む少なくとも一種の希土類元素Rと、Feを含む少なくとも一種の遷移金属元素Tと、B及びCから選択される少なくとも一種の元素Xとで構成され、Rの組成比をα、Tの組成比をβとしたとき、RαβXで示される化合物を含む第一相と、
 前記第一相の結晶粒界に存在して前記RαβXよりもRの濃度が高い粒界相と、
 Smを含む少なくとも一種の希土類元素Sと、Coを含む少なくとも一種の遷移金属元素Mとで構成され、Sの組成比をγ、Mの組成比をδとしたとき、Sγδで示される化合物を含む第二相とを備える。
The rare earth magnet material according to the present disclosure is
Composition of at least one rare earth element R containing Nd, at least one transition metal element T containing Fe, and at least one element X selected from B and C, and the composition ratio of R is α, T A first phase containing a compound represented by R α T β X, where the ratio is β;
A grain boundary phase which is present at grain boundaries of the first phase and has a concentration of R higher than that of the R α T β X;
When it is composed of at least one rare earth element S containing Sm and at least one transition metal element M containing Co, and the composition ratio of S is γ, and the composition ratio of M is δ, it is represented by S γ M δ And a second phase containing the compound.
The rare earth magnet material according to the present disclosure is
Composition of at least one rare earth element R containing Nd, at least one transition metal element T containing Fe, and at least one element X selected from B and C, and the composition ratio of R is α, T A first phase containing a compound represented by R α T β X, where the ratio is β;
A grain boundary phase which is present at grain boundaries of the first phase and has a concentration of R higher than that of the R α T β X;
When it is composed of at least one rare earth element S containing Sm and at least one transition metal element M containing Co, and the composition ratio of S is γ, and the composition ratio of M is δ, it is represented by S γ M δ And a second phase containing the compound.
図1は、実施形態に係る希土類磁石素材の組織を示す模式図である。FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of a rare earth magnet material according to the embodiment. 図2Aは、実施形態に係る希土類磁石素材の製造工程を説明する第1の図である。FIG. 2A is a first diagram for explaining a manufacturing process of the rare earth magnet material according to the embodiment. 図2Bは、実施形態に係る希土類磁石素材の製造工程を説明する第2の図である。FIG. 2: B is a 2nd figure explaining the manufacturing process of the rare earth magnet raw material which concerns on embodiment. 図2Cは、実施形態に係る希土類磁石素材の製造工程を説明する第3の図である。FIG. 2C is a third diagram illustrating the manufacturing process of the rare earth magnet material according to the embodiment. 図2Dは、実施形態に係る希土類磁石素材の製造工程を説明する第4の図である。FIG. 2D is a fourth diagram illustrating the manufacturing process of the rare earth magnet material according to the embodiment. 図3は、実施形態に係る希土類磁石の組織を示す模式図である。FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing the structure of the rare earth magnet according to the embodiment.
 希土類磁石の残留磁束密度や保磁力は、温度によって変化する。Nd-Fe-B系合金材を用いた希土類磁石は、温度によって残留磁束密度や保磁力の特性が変化する度合(温度係数)が大きく、温度が高くなるほど残留磁束密度や保磁力が大きく低下し易い。 The residual magnetic flux density and coercivity of the rare earth magnet change with temperature. In rare earth magnets using Nd-Fe-B alloy materials, the degree (temperature coefficient) in which the characteristics of residual magnetic flux density and coercivity change with temperature is large, and the residual magnetic flux density and coercivity decrease significantly as the temperature increases. easy.
 そこで、本開示は、高温下であっても十分な磁気特性を有する希土類磁石が得られる希土類磁石素材および高温下であっても十分な磁気特性を有する希土類磁石を提供することを目的の一つとする。 Therefore, it is an object of the present disclosure to provide a rare earth magnet material from which a rare earth magnet having sufficient magnetic properties can be obtained even under high temperatures, and a rare earth magnet having sufficient magnetic properties even under high temperatures. Do.
 [本開示の実施形態の説明]
 最初に本開示の実施形態の内容を列記して説明する。
[Description of the embodiment of the present disclosure]
First, the contents of the embodiment of the present disclosure will be listed and described.
 (1)本開示の実施形態に係る希土類磁石素材は、
 Ndを含む少なくとも一種の希土類元素Rと、Feを含む少なくとも一種の遷移金属元素Tと、B及びCから選択される少なくとも一種の元素Xとで構成され、Rの組成比をα、Tの組成比をβとしたとき、RαβXで示される化合物を含む第一相と、
 前記第一相の結晶粒界に存在して前記RαβXよりもRの濃度が高い粒界相と、
 Smを含む少なくとも一種の希土類元素Sと、Coを含む少なくとも一種の遷移金属元素Mとで構成され、Sの組成比をγ、Mの組成比をδとしたとき、Sγδで示される化合物を含む第二相とを備える。
(1) A rare earth magnet material according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is:
Composition of at least one rare earth element R containing Nd, at least one transition metal element T containing Fe, and at least one element X selected from B and C, and the composition ratio of R is α, T A first phase containing a compound represented by R α T β X, where the ratio is β;
A grain boundary phase which is present at grain boundaries of the first phase and has a concentration of R higher than that of the R α T β X;
When it is composed of at least one rare earth element S containing Sm and at least one transition metal element M containing Co, and the composition ratio of S is γ, and the composition ratio of M is δ, it is represented by S γ M δ And a second phase containing the compound.
 上記希土類磁石素材は、第二相を備えることで、第二相を備えない場合に比較して、温度による磁気特性の変化の度合(温度係数)を小さくでき、高温下であっても十分な磁気特性を有する希土類磁石が得られる。具体的には、上記希土類磁石素材は、第二相を備えることで、温度によって残留磁束密度が変化する度合(残留磁束密度の温度係数)を小さくでき、かつ温度によって保磁力が変化する度合(保磁力の温度係数)を小さくでき、高温下において残留磁束密度や保磁力が低下することを抑制できる。 By providing the second phase, the rare earth magnet material can reduce the degree (temperature coefficient) of change in magnetic characteristics due to temperature as compared to the case where the second phase is not provided, and is sufficient even under high temperatures. A rare earth magnet having magnetic properties is obtained. Specifically, by providing the second phase, the rare earth magnet material can reduce the degree of change in residual magnetic flux density with temperature (temperature coefficient of residual magnetic flux density) and the degree of change in coercive force with temperature ( The temperature coefficient (coefficient of coercivity) can be reduced, and reduction in residual magnetic flux density and coercivity can be suppressed at high temperatures.
 (2)上記希土類磁石素材の一例として、前記希土類磁石素材に占める前記第二相の含有量は、3質量%以上50質量%以下であることが挙げられる。 (2) As an example of the rare earth magnet material, the content of the second phase in the rare earth magnet material may be 3% by mass or more and 50% by mass or less.
 希土類磁石素材に占める第二相の含有量が3質量%以上であることで、高温下であっても実用上十分な磁気特性を有する希土類磁石が得られる。一方、希土類磁石素材に占める第二相の含有量が50質量%以下であることで、希土類磁石素材に占める第一相の含有量を確保することができ、残留磁束密度の低下を抑制でき、かつコストの増大を抑制できる。 When the content of the second phase in the rare earth magnet material is 3% by mass or more, a rare earth magnet having magnetic properties sufficient for practical use even at high temperatures can be obtained. On the other hand, when the content of the second phase in the rare earth magnet material is 50% by mass or less, the content of the first phase in the rare earth magnet material can be secured, and a decrease in residual magnetic flux density can be suppressed. And the increase in cost can be suppressed.
 (3)上記希土類磁石素材の一例として、前記Sγδは、γが1以上3以下、δが4以上18以下であることが挙げられる。 (3) As an example of the rare earth magnet material, wherein the S γ M δ, γ 1 to 3, [delta] may be mentioned that is 4 to 18.
 Sγδの組成比が上記範囲を満たすことで、磁気特性に優れる希土類磁石を得易い。 When the composition ratio of S γ M δ satisfies the above range, it is easy to obtain a rare earth magnet having excellent magnetic properties.
 (4)上記希土類磁石素材の一例として、前記RαβXは、αが1.5以上2.5以下、βが12.5以上15.5以下であることが挙げられる。 (4) As an example of the above-mentioned rare earth magnet material, it is mentioned that the above-mentioned R alpha T beta X is 1.5 or more and 2.5 or less, and beta is 12.5 or more and 15.5 or less.
 RαβXの組成比が上記範囲を満たすことで、磁気特性に優れる希土類磁石を得易い。 When the composition ratio of R α T β X satisfies the above range, it is easy to obtain a rare earth magnet having excellent magnetic properties.
 (5)上記希土類磁石素材の一例として、前記RαβXは、Nd14Xであることが挙げられる。 (5) As an example of the above-mentioned rare earth magnet material, it can be mentioned that the R α T β X is Nd 2 T 14 X.
 RαβXがNd14Xであることで、磁気特性に優れる希土類磁石を得易い。 When R α T β X is Nd 2 T 14 X, it is easy to obtain a rare earth magnet having excellent magnetic properties.
 (6)上記希土類磁石素材の一例として、前記第一相の平均結晶粒径は、700nm以下であることが挙げられる。 (6) As an example of the said rare earth magnet raw material, it is mentioned that the average grain size of the said 1st phase is 700 nm or less.
 第一相の平均粒径が700nm以下であることで、微細結晶組織に起因する磁気特性(特に保磁力)の向上効果が期待できる。 When the average grain size of the first phase is 700 nm or less, the effect of improving the magnetic properties (in particular, the coercivity) attributed to the fine crystal structure can be expected.
(7)本開示の実施形態に係る希土類磁石素材は、
Ndを含む少なくとも一種の希土類元素Rと、Feを含む少なくとも一種の遷移金属元素Tと、B及びCから選択される少なくとも一種の元素Xとで構成され、Rの組成比をα、Tの組成比をβとしたとき、RαβXで示される化合物を含む第一相と、
 前記第一相の結晶粒界に存在して前記RαβXよりもRの濃度が高い粒界相と、
 Smを含む少なくとも一種の希土類元素Sと、Coを含む少なくとも一種の遷移金属元素Mとで構成され、Sの組成比をγ、Mの組成比をδとしたとき、Sγδで示される化合物を含む第二相とを備え、
前記Sγδは、γが1以上3以下、δが4以上18以下であり、
前記RαβXは、αが1.5以上2.5以下、βが12.5以上15.5以下である。 
(7) The rare earth magnet material according to the embodiment of the present disclosure is
Composition of at least one rare earth element R containing Nd, at least one transition metal element T containing Fe, and at least one element X selected from B and C, and the composition ratio of R is α, T A first phase containing a compound represented by R α T β X, where the ratio is β;
A grain boundary phase which is present at grain boundaries of the first phase and has a concentration of R higher than that of the R α T β X;
When it is composed of at least one rare earth element S containing Sm and at least one transition metal element M containing Co, and the composition ratio of S is γ, and the composition ratio of M is δ, it is represented by S γ M δ And a second phase containing the compound,
In the S γ M δ , γ is 1 or more and 3 or less, δ is 4 or more and 18 or less,
In the above R α T β X, α is 1.5 or more and 2.5 or less, and β is 12.5 or more and 15.5 or less.
 (8)本開示の実施形態に係る希土類磁石は、
 Ndを含む少なくとも一種の希土類元素Rと、Feを含む少なくとも一種の遷移金属元素Tと、B及びCから選択される少なくとも一種の元素Xとで構成され、Rの組成比をα、Tの組成比をβとしたとき、RαβXで示される化合物を含む第一相と、
 前記第一相の結晶粒界に存在して前記RαβXよりもRの濃度が高い粒界相と、
 Smを含む少なくとも一種の希土類元素Sと、Coを含む少なくとも一種の遷移金属元素Mとで構成され、Sの組成比をγ、Mの組成比をδとしたとき、Sγδで示される化合物を含む第二相とを備える。
(8) A rare earth magnet according to an embodiment of the present disclosure,
Composition of at least one rare earth element R containing Nd, at least one transition metal element T containing Fe, and at least one element X selected from B and C, and the composition ratio of R is α, T A first phase containing a compound represented by R α T β X, where the ratio is β;
A grain boundary phase which is present at grain boundaries of the first phase and has a concentration of R higher than that of the R α T β X;
When it is composed of at least one rare earth element S containing Sm and at least one transition metal element M containing Co, and the composition ratio of S is γ, and the composition ratio of M is δ, it is represented by S γ M δ And a second phase containing the compound.
 上記の希土類磁石は、第二相を備えることで、第二相を備えない場合に比較して、温度による磁気特性の変化の度合(温度係数)を小さくでき、高温下であっても十分な磁気特性が得られる。具体的には、上記希土類磁石は、第二相を備えることで、温度によって残留磁束密度が変化する度合(残留磁束密度の温度係数)を小さくでき、かつ温度によって保磁力が変化する度合(保磁力の温度係数)を小さくでき、高温下において残留磁束密度や保磁力が低下することを抑制できる。 By providing the second phase, the above-described rare earth magnet can reduce the degree of change in magnetic characteristics (temperature coefficient) due to temperature as compared with the case where the second phase is not provided, and is sufficient even under high temperatures. Magnetic properties are obtained. Specifically, by providing the second phase, the rare earth magnet can reduce the degree of change in residual magnetic flux density with temperature (temperature coefficient of residual magnetic flux density), and the degree of change in coercive force with temperature The temperature coefficient of the magnetic force can be reduced, and reduction in residual magnetic flux density and coercivity at high temperatures can be suppressed.
 (9)上記希土類磁石に占める前記第二相の含有量は、一例として、3質量%以上50質量%以下である。 (9) The content of the second phase in the rare earth magnet is, for example, 3% by mass or more and 50% by mass or less.
 上記希土類磁石に占める第二相の含有量が3質量%以上であることで、高温下であっても実用上十分な磁気特性が得られる。一方、希土類磁石素材に占める第二相の含有量が50質量%以下であることで、希土類磁石に占める第一相の含有量を確保することができ、残留磁束密度の低下を抑制でき、かつコストの増大を抑制できる。 When the content of the second phase in the rare earth magnet is 3% by mass or more, practically sufficient magnetic characteristics can be obtained even under high temperature. On the other hand, when the content of the second phase in the rare earth magnet material is 50% by mass or less, the content of the first phase in the rare earth magnet can be secured, and a decrease in residual magnetic flux density can be suppressed. Cost increase can be suppressed.
 (10)上記希土類磁石の一例として、前記Sγδは、γが1以上3以下、δが4以上18以下であることが挙げられる。 (10) As an example of the rare earth magnet, the S γ M δ may have γ of 1 or more and 3 or less, and δ of 4 or more and 18 or less.
 Sγδの組成比が上記範囲を満たすことで、優れた磁気特性を得られる。 When the composition ratio of S γ M δ satisfies the above range, excellent magnetic properties can be obtained.
 (11)上記希土類磁石の一例として、前記RαβXは、αが1.5以上2.5以下、βが12.5以上15.5以下であることが挙げられる。 (11) As an example of the rare earth magnet, the R α T β X preferably has α of 1.5 or more and 2.5 or less and β of 12.5 or more and 15.5 or less.
 RαβXの組成比が上記範囲を満たすことで、優れた磁気特性を得られる。 When the composition ratio of R α T β X satisfies the above range, excellent magnetic properties can be obtained.
 (12)上記希土類磁石の一例として、前記RαβXは、Nd14Xであることが挙げられる。 (12) As an example of the above-mentioned rare earth magnet, it can be mentioned that the aforementioned R α T β X is Nd 2 T 14 X.
 RαβXがNd14Xであることで、優れた磁気特性を得られる。 Excellent magnetic properties can be obtained when R α T β X is Nd 2 T 14 X.
 (13)上記希土類磁石の一例として、前記第一相の平均結晶粒径は、700nm以下であることが挙げられる。 (13) As an example of the rare earth magnet, the average crystal grain size of the first phase may be 700 nm or less.
 第一相の平均粒径が700nm以下であることで、微細結晶組織に起因する磁気特性(特に保磁力)の向上効果が期待できる。 When the average grain size of the first phase is 700 nm or less, the effect of improving the magnetic properties (in particular, the coercivity) attributed to the fine crystal structure can be expected.
 [本開示の実施形態の詳細]
 以下、図面を参照して、本鍛冶の実施形態を具体的に説明する。なお、本発明はこれらの例示に限定されるものではなく、請求の範囲によって示され、請求の範囲と均等の意味及び範囲内でのすべての変更が含まれることが意図される。
Details of Embodiments of the Present Disclosure
Hereinafter, with reference to the drawings, an embodiment of the present blacking will be specifically described. The present invention is not limited to these exemplifications, but is shown by the claims, and is intended to include all modifications within the scope and meaning equivalent to the claims.
 ≪希土類磁石素材≫
 図1を参照して、実施形態に係る希土類磁石素材1を説明する。希土類磁石素材1は、RαβX(RはNdを含む少なくとも一種の希土類元素、TはFeを含む少なくとも一種の遷移金属元素、XはB及びCから選択される少なくとも一種の元素、αはRの組成比、βはTの組成比)で示される化合物を含む第一相11と、第一相11を構成する結晶粒110の結晶粒界に存在してRαβXよりもRの濃度が高い粒界相111とを備える。
Ndを含む希土類磁石素材を用いた希土類磁石は、温度が高くなるにつれて、残留磁束密度や保磁力が低下する傾向にある。そこで、実施形態に係る希土類磁石素材1は、高温下であっても十分な残留磁束密度や保磁力を発揮できる構成を備える点を特徴の一つとする。具体的には、実施形態に係る希土類磁石素材1は、Sγδ(SはSmを含む少なくとも一種の希土類元素、MはCoを含む少なくとも一種の遷移金属元素、γはSの組成比、δはMの組成比)で示される化合物を含む第二相12を備える点を特徴の一つとする。
«Rare earth magnet material»
The rare earth magnet material 1 according to the embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. The rare earth magnet material 1 is R α T β X (R is at least one rare earth element containing Nd, T is at least one transition metal element containing Fe, X is at least one element selected from B and C, α Is the composition ratio of R, β is the composition ratio of T) and is present at the grain boundaries of the crystal grains 110 constituting the first phase 11 containing the compound and is more than R α T β X And an intergranular phase 111 with a high concentration of R.
A rare earth magnet using a rare earth magnet material containing Nd tends to lower the residual magnetic flux density and the coercivity as the temperature rises. Therefore, one feature of the rare earth magnet material 1 according to the embodiment is that it has a configuration capable of exhibiting sufficient residual magnetic flux density and coercive force even under high temperature. Specifically, the rare earth magnet material 1 according to the embodiment is S γ M δ (S is at least one rare earth element including Sm, M is at least one transition metal element including Co, γ is a composition ratio of S, One of the features is that the second phase 12 containing a compound represented by the composition ratio of M) is provided.
 〔第一相〕
 第一相11は、RαβXで示される化合物を含む。第一相11は、多結晶である。図1では、説明の便宜上、第一相11の一つの粒子を一つの四角形で示し、第一相11の多結晶を構成する一つの結晶粒110を、一つの六角形で示す。
[First phase]
The first phase 11 contains a compound represented by R α T β X. The first phase 11 is polycrystalline. In FIG. 1, for convenience of explanation, one grain of the first phase 11 is shown as one square, and one crystal grain 110 that constitutes the polycrystal of the first phase 11 is shown as one hexagon.
 Rは、Nd(ネオジム)を含む少なくとも一種の希土類元素である。Rは、Nd単独であってもよいし、Ndの一部をPr(プラセオジム)、Ce(セリウム)、Dy(ジスプロシウム)、Tb(テルビウム)及びY(イットリウム)から選択される少なくとも一種の元素で置換してもよい。RαβXにおけるRの含有量は、例えば、25質量%以上35質量%以下、更に26質量%以上34質量%以下が挙げられる。Rとして、Ndの一部を上記元素で置換する場合、R全体に占める置換元素の含有量は、3質量%以下、更に2質量%以下が挙げられる。 R is at least one rare earth element including Nd (neodymium). R may be Nd alone, or a part of Nd is at least one element selected from Pr (praseodymium), Ce (cerium), Dy (dysprosium), Tb (terbium) and Y (yttrium) It may be substituted. The content of R in R α T β X is, for example, 25% by mass or more and 35% by mass or less, and further 26% by mass or more and 34% by mass or less. When a part of Nd is substituted by the above-described element as R, the content of the substituting element occupying in the entire R may be 3% by mass or less, and further 2% by mass or less.
 Tは、Fe(鉄)を含む少なくとも一種の遷移金属元素である。Tは、Fe単独であってもよいし、Feの一部をCo(コバルト)、Ni(ニッケル)、Ga(ガリウム)、Cu(銅)、Al(アルミニウム)、Si(ケイ素)、Ti(チタン)、Mn(マンガン)及びNb(ニオブ)から選択される少なくとも一種の元素で置換してもよい。RαβXにおけるTの含有量は、例えば、62質量%以上74.5質量%以下、更に64質量%以上73質量%以下が挙げられる。Tとして、Feの一部を上記元素で置換する場合、T全体に占める置換元素の含有量は、10質量%以下、更に8質量%以下が挙げられる。 T is at least one transition metal element including Fe (iron). T may be Fe alone, or part of Fe may be Co (cobalt), Ni (nickel), Ga (gallium), Cu (copper), Al (aluminum), Si (silicon), Ti (titanium) And at least one element selected from Mn (manganese) and Nb (niobium). The content of T in R α T β X is, for example, 62% by mass or more and 74.5% by mass or less, and further 64% by mass or more and 73% by mass or less. As T, when substituting a part of Fe by the above-mentioned element, the content of the substitution element occupying in the entire T may be 10% by mass or less, and further 8% by mass or less.
 Xは、B(ホウ素)及びC(炭素)から選択される少なくとも一種の元素である。Xは、B又はC単独であってもよいし、Bの一部をCに置換してもよい。RαβXにおけるXの含有量は、例えば、0.7質量%以上1.5質量%以下、更に0.8質量%以上1.3質量%以下が挙げられる。Xとして、Bの一部をCで置換する場合、X全体に占めるCの含有量は、0.1質量%以下、更に0.07質量%以下が挙げられる。 X is at least one element selected from B (boron) and C (carbon). X may be B or C alone, or a part of B may be substituted with C. The content of X in R α T β X is, for example, 0.7% by mass or more and 1.5% by mass or less, and further, 0.8% by mass or more and 1.3% by mass or less. When a part of B is substituted by C as X, the content of C in the entire X is 0.1% by mass or less, and further preferably 0.07% by mass or less.
 RαβXの化学量論組成は、αが1.5以上2.5以下、βが12.5以上15.5以下、更にαが1.6以上2.4以下、βが13.0以上15.0以下を満たすことが好ましい。特に、RαβXの化学量論組成は、R14Xが理想的である。RがNd単独である場合、RαβXの化学量論組成は、NdFe14B、NdFe14C、Nd(Fe13Co)Bなどが挙げられる。この組成を満たすことで、磁気特性を高めることができる。この組成は、第一相における各元素の含有量から求められる。元素の含有量は、ICP(Inductively Coupled Plasma)発光分光分析法により測定できる。 In the stoichiometric composition of R α T β X, α is 1.5 to 2.5, β is 12.5 to 15.5, α is 1.6 to 2.4, and β is 13. It is preferable to satisfy 0 or more and 15.0 or less. In particular, the stoichiometric composition of R α T β X is ideally R 2 T 14 X. When R is Nd alone, the stoichiometric composition of R α T β X includes Nd 2 Fe 14 B, Nd 2 Fe 14 C, Nd 2 (Fe 13 Co 1 ) B, and the like. By satisfying this composition, the magnetic properties can be enhanced. This composition is determined from the content of each element in the first phase. The content of the element can be measured by ICP (Inductively Coupled Plasma) emission spectroscopy.
 第一相11の多結晶を構成する結晶粒110の平均結晶粒径は、700nm以下が挙げられる。平均結晶粒径が700nm以下と微細であることで、微細結晶組織に起因する磁気特性(特に保磁力)の向上効果が期待できる。上記平均結晶粒径は、小さいほど磁気特性に優れ、500nm以下、更に300nm以下が挙げられる。平均結晶粒径は、希土類磁石素材1の表面又は断面について走査型電子顕微鏡(Scanning Electron Microscope:SEM)で観察を行い、その観察像から各結晶粒110の面積をそれぞれ調べ、各面積の等面積円相当径を測定し、その平均値を算出することで求められる。観察像を用いて算出する際、市販の画像処理ソフトを用いると容易に算出できる。 The average grain size of the crystal grains 110 constituting the polycrystal of the first phase 11 may be 700 nm or less. When the average crystal grain size is as small as 700 nm or less, the effect of improving the magnetic properties (in particular, the coercivity) attributed to the fine crystal structure can be expected. The smaller the average crystal grain size, the better the magnetic properties, and may be 500 nm or less, further 300 nm or less. The average crystal grain size is observed on the surface or cross section of the rare earth magnet material 1 with a scanning electron microscope (SEM), the area of each crystal grain 110 is examined from the observation image, and the equal area of each area is obtained. It can be obtained by measuring the equivalent circle diameter and calculating its average value. When calculating using an observation image, it can be easily calculated using commercially available image processing software.
 〔粒界相〕
 粒界相111は、第一相11を構成する結晶粒110の結晶粒界に存在する。粒界相111は、第一相11においてRαβXの化学量論組成を形成しない余分なRによって形成される。粒界相111は、RαβXよりもRの濃度(質量%濃度)が高く、例えば、RαβXにおけるRの濃度に比較して1.1倍以上、更に1.2倍以上を満たす。第一相11を構成する結晶粒110同士は、粒界相111によって結合されている。
Grain boundary phase
The grain boundary phase 111 is present at the grain boundaries of the crystal grains 110 constituting the first phase 11. The grain boundary phase 111 is formed by the extra R that does not form the stoichiometry of R α T β X in the first phase 11. The grain boundary phase 111 has a higher concentration (mass% concentration) of R than R α T β X, for example, 1.1 times or more, and further 1.2 times the concentration of R in R α T β X Meet the above. The crystal grains 110 constituting the first phase 11 are connected by the grain boundary phase 111.
 〔第二相〕
 第二相12は、Sγδで示される化合物を含む。第二相12は、単結晶である。図1では、説明の便宜上、第二相12の一つの粒子を一つの円形で示す。なお、図1では、第一相11と第二相12との間の隙間を誇張して示しているが、実際には、その隙間は小さい、又は実質的に存在しない。
[Second phase]
Second phase 12 comprises a compound represented by S γ M δ. The second phase 12 is a single crystal. In FIG. 1, for convenience of explanation, one particle of the second phase 12 is shown as one circle. Although the gap between the first phase 11 and the second phase 12 is exaggerated in FIG. 1, the gap is actually small or substantially absent.
 Sは、Sm(サマリウム)を含む少なくとも一種の希土類元素である。Sは、Sm単独であってもよいし、Smの一部をPr、Ce、Dy、Tb及びYから選択される少なくとも一種の元素で置換してもよい。SγδにおけるSの含有量は、例えば、30質量%以上38質量%以下、更に32質量%以上36質量%以下が挙げられる。Sとして、Smの一部を上記元素で置換する場合、S全体に占める置換元素の含有量は、5質量%以下、更に3質量%以下が挙げられる。 S is at least one rare earth element including Sm (samarium). S may be Sm alone, or part of Sm may be substituted with at least one element selected from Pr, Ce, Dy, Tb and Y. The content of S in S γ M δ is, for example, 30% by mass or more and 38% by mass or less, and further 32% by mass or more and 36% by mass or less. As S, when substituting a part of Sm with the above-mentioned element, the content of the substitution element occupying in the whole of S is 5% by mass or less, and further 3% by mass or less.
 Mは、Co(コバルト)を含む少なくとも一種の遷移金属元素である。Mは、Co単独であってもよいし、Coの一部をFe、Ni、Ga、Cu、Al、Si、Ti、Mn及びNbから選択される少なくとも一種の元素で置換してもよい。SγδにおけるMの含有量は、例えば、62質量%以上70質量%以下、更に64質量%以上68質量%以下が挙げられる。Mとして、Coの一部を上記元素で置換する場合、M全体に占める置換元素の含有量は、30質量%以下、更に20質量%以下が挙げられる。 M is at least one transition metal element including Co (cobalt). M may be Co alone, or part of Co may be substituted by at least one element selected from Fe, Ni, Ga, Cu, Al, Si, Ti, Mn and Nb. The content of M in S γ M δ is, for example, 62% by mass or more and 70% by mass or less, and further 64% by mass or more and 68% by mass or less. As M, when substituting a part of Co with the above-mentioned element, the content of the substituting element occupying in the entire M may be 30% by mass or less, and further 20% by mass or less.
 Sγδの化学量論組成は、γが1以上3以下、δが4以上18以下を満たすことが好ましい。SがSm単独である場合、Sγδの化学量論組成は、SmCo、SmCo17などが挙げられる。この組成を満たすことで、磁気特性を高めることができる。この組成は、第二相における各元素の含有量から求められる。元素の含有量は、ICP発光分光分析法により測定できる。 As for the stoichiometric composition of S γ M δ , it is preferable that γ be 1 or more and 3 or less and δ be 4 or more and 18 or less. When S is Sm alone, the stoichiometric composition of S γ M δ includes Sm 1 Co 5 , Sm 2 Co 17 and the like. By satisfying this composition, the magnetic properties can be enhanced. This composition is determined from the content of each element in the second phase. The content of the element can be measured by ICP emission spectrometry.
 〔含有量〕
 希土類磁石素材1は、第二相12を備えることで、第二相12を備えない場合に比較して、温度による磁気特性の変化の度合(温度係数)を小さくでき、高温下において磁気特性が低下することを抑制できる。希土類磁石素材1に占める第二相12の含有量は、3質量%以上50質量%以下であることが挙げられる。第二相12の含有量が3質量%以上であることで、高温下であっても実用上十分な磁気特性を発揮できる。第二相12の含有量は、多いほど、希土類磁石素材1における温度係数を小さくできるため、更に5質量%以上、10質量%以上、特に15質量%以上、20質量%以上、25質量%以上であることが挙げられる。一方、第二相12の含有量は、多いほど、希土類磁石素材1に占める第一相11の含有量が相対的に少なくなり、残留磁束密度が低下したり、コストの増大を招いたりするため、50質量%以下、更に45質量%以下、40質量%以下、特に35質量%以下であることが挙げられる。希土類磁石素材1における第一相11及び第二相12の各含有量は、後述する希土類磁石素材1の製造方法における原料粉末の第一相粉末31及び第二相粉末32の各含有量と同じである。
〔Content〕
By providing the second phase 12, the rare earth magnet material 1 can reduce the degree of change in magnetic characteristics (temperature coefficient) due to temperature compared to the case where the second phase 12 is not provided, and the magnetic characteristics are high at high temperatures. It is possible to suppress the decrease. The content of the second phase 12 in the rare earth magnet material 1 may be 3% by mass or more and 50% by mass or less. When the content of the second phase 12 is 3% by mass or more, practically sufficient magnetic characteristics can be exhibited even under high temperature. As the content of the second phase 12 increases, the temperature coefficient of the rare earth magnet material 1 can be reduced, and the content is further 5% by mass or more, 10% by mass or more, particularly 15% by mass or more, 20% by mass or more, 25% by mass or more Being mentioned. On the other hand, as the content of the second phase 12 increases, the content of the first phase 11 in the rare earth magnet material 1 relatively decreases, and the residual magnetic flux density decreases, and the cost increases. 50% by mass or less, further 45% by mass or less, 40% by mass or less, particularly 35% by mass or less. The respective contents of the first phase 11 and the second phase 12 in the rare earth magnet material 1 are the same as the respective contents of the first phase powder 31 and the second phase powder 32 of the raw material powder in the method of manufacturing the rare earth magnet material 1 described later. It is.
 〔磁気特性〕
 希土類磁石素材1は、温度によって残留磁束密度が変化する度合(残留磁束密度の温度係数)が絶対値で0.129%/℃未満であり、かつ温度によって保磁力が変化する度合(保磁力の温度係数)が絶対値で0.562%/℃未満であることが挙げられる。残留磁束密度の温度係数が絶対値で0.129%/℃未満であり、かつ保磁力の温度係数が絶対値で0.562%/℃未満であることで、温度変化の大きい環境下でも磁石性能が一定となり、温度変化によるデバイス性能の変化を小さくすることができる。希土類磁石素材1では、残留磁束密度の温度係数及び保磁力の温度係数は負の値を有し、絶対値が小さいほど残留磁束密度及び保磁力の温度変化は小さい。
Magnetic property
In the rare earth magnet material 1, the degree of change in residual magnetic flux density with temperature (temperature coefficient of residual magnetic flux density) is less than 0.129% / ° C. in absolute value, and the degree of change in coercivity with temperature (coercivity Temperature coefficient) is less than 0.562% /. Degree. C. in absolute value. Since the temperature coefficient of residual magnetic flux density is less than 0.129% / ° C. in absolute value and the temperature coefficient of coercivity is less than 0.562% / ° C. in absolute value, the magnet can be used even in a large temperature change environment The performance becomes constant, and changes in device performance due to temperature changes can be reduced. In the rare earth magnet material 1, the temperature coefficient of the residual magnetic flux density and the temperature coefficient of the coercivity have negative values, and the smaller the absolute value, the smaller the temperature change of the residual magnetic flux density and the coercivity.
 希土類磁石素材1における残留磁束密度の温度係数は、絶対値が小さいほど、残留磁束密度の温度変化が小さいため、絶対値で0.127%/℃以下、更に絶対値で0.120%/℃以下であることが挙げられる。また、希土類磁石素材1における保磁力の温度係数は、絶対値が小さいほど、保磁力の温度変化が小さいため、絶対値で0.541%/℃以下、更に絶対値で0.492%/℃以下であることが挙げられる。残留磁束密度の温度係数及び保磁力の温度係数は、上述したように、第二相12の含有量が多いほど小さくできるが、第二相12の含有量には好適な範囲がある。そのため、残留磁束密度の温度係数は、絶対値で0.078%/℃以上、保磁力の温度係数は、絶対値で0.283%/℃以上であることが挙げられる。残留磁束密度の温度係数及び保磁力の温度係数の測定方法は、後述する試験例で説明する。 The temperature coefficient of the residual magnetic flux density in the rare earth magnet material 1 is such that the temperature change of the residual magnetic flux density is smaller as the absolute value is smaller, so the absolute value is 0.127% / ° C. or less, and 0.120% / ° C as an absolute value. It is mentioned that it is the following. Further, the temperature coefficient of the coercivity in the rare earth magnet material 1 has a smaller change in temperature of the coercivity as the absolute value decreases, so the absolute value is 0.541% / ° C. or less, and the absolute value is 0.492% / ° C It is mentioned that it is the following. As described above, the temperature coefficient of the residual magnetic flux density and the temperature coefficient of the coercivity can be reduced as the content of the second phase 12 increases, but the content of the second phase 12 has a preferable range. Therefore, the temperature coefficient of residual magnetic flux density is 0.078% / ° C. or more in absolute value, and the temperature coefficient of coercivity is 0.283% / ° C. or more in absolute value. The method of measuring the temperature coefficient of the residual magnetic flux density and the temperature coefficient of the coercivity will be described in the test examples described later.
 〔用途〕
 上述した希土類磁石素材1は、永久磁石、例えば、各種のモータ、特に、ハイブリッド自動車やハードディスクドライブなどに具備される高速モータに用いられる永久磁石の素材に好適に利用できる。
[Use]
The rare earth magnet material 1 described above can be suitably used as a material for permanent magnets, for example, permanent magnets used for various types of motors, in particular, high-speed motors provided in hybrid vehicles and hard disk drives.
 ≪希土類磁石素材の製造方法≫
 上述した希土類磁石素材1は、例えば、準備工程と、成形工程と、脱水素工程とを行うことで製造することができる。図2A~図2Dを参照して、希土類磁石素材1の製造方法を説明する。
«Method of manufacturing rare earth magnet material»
The rare earth magnet material 1 described above can be manufactured, for example, by performing a preparation process, a molding process, and a dehydrogenation process. A method of manufacturing the rare earth magnet material 1 will be described with reference to FIGS. 2A to 2D.
 〔準備工程〕
 図2Aを参照して、準備工程では、第一相粉末31と第二相粉末32とを混合した磁石用粉末3を準備する。準備工程は、第一相粉末31を準備する工程と、第二相粉末32を準備する工程と、第一相粉末31と第二相粉末32とを混合する工程とを備える。
[Preparation process]
Referring to FIG. 2A, in the preparation step, magnet powder 3 in which first phase powder 31 and second phase powder 32 are mixed is prepared. The preparation step includes the steps of preparing the first phase powder 31, preparing the second phase powder 32, and mixing the first phase powder 31 and the second phase powder 32.
 〈第一相粉末の準備工程〉
 第一相粉末31の準備工程では、RαβXで示される化合物(例えば、Nd14X)を主相とするR-T-X系合金の粉末を準備し、この合金の粉末に水素化処理を施す。つまり、水素化処理後に得られる第一相粉末31は、R-T-X系合金の水素化粉末である。更に、第一相粉末31の準備工程では、水素化処理後の水素化粉末を粉砕する。
Preparation process of first phase powder
In the preparation step of the first phase powder 31, a powder of RTX based alloy having a compound represented by R α T β X (for example, Nd 2 T 14 X) as a main phase is prepared, and the powder of this alloy is prepared. Is subjected to hydrogenation treatment. That is, the first phase powder 31 obtained after the hydrotreating is a hydrogenated powder of an RTX based alloy. Further, in the step of preparing the first phase powder 31, the hydrogenated powder after the hydrotreating is crushed.
 R-T-X系合金の粉末は、例えば、R-T-X系合金からなる溶湯鋳造インゴットや急冷凝固法で得られる箔状体をジョークラッシャー、ジェットミルやボールミルなどの粉砕装置により粉砕したり、ガスアトマイズ法といったアトマイズ法を利用したりして製造することができる。このR-T-X系合金の粉末の大きさは、最大径が500μm以上30mm以下であることが挙げられる。最大径が500μm以上であることで、後の粉砕時に中粒度に粉砕し易く、圧縮成形に適した粒度の水素化粉末を製造し易い。一方、最大径が30mm以下であることで、後の粉砕時に要する時間を短縮できる。なお、最大径とは、1つのR-T-X系合金の粒子をあらゆる方向から平面視したときの粒子の最も長い部分の長さのことである。 The powder of the RTX-based alloy is obtained, for example, by crushing a molten cast ingot made of the RTX-based alloy or a foil-like body obtained by a rapid solidification method with a grinding apparatus such as a jaw crusher, jet mill or ball mill. Or, it can be manufactured using an atomizing method such as a gas atomizing method. The size of the powder of this RTX-based alloy is, for example, 500 μm or more and 30 mm or less in maximum diameter. When the maximum diameter is 500 μm or more, it is easy to grind to a medium particle size at the time of the subsequent grinding, and it is easy to produce a hydrogenated powder of a particle size suitable for compression molding. On the other hand, when the maximum diameter is 30 mm or less, the time required for the subsequent grinding can be shortened. The maximum diameter refers to the length of the longest part of the particle of one RTX-based alloy when viewed in plan from all directions.
 水素化処理は、水素元素を含む雰囲気中で熱処理する。水素元素を含む雰囲気は、H(水素)のみの単一雰囲気や、HとAr(アルゴン)やN(窒素)といった不活性ガスとの混合雰囲気が挙げられる。熱処理時の温度は、R-T-X系合金の不均化反応が進行する温度、即ち不均化温度以上とする。不均化反応とは、希土類元素(Ndを含む少なくとも一種の希土類元素R)の優先水素化により、希土類元素の水素化合物と、鉄(或いは鉄及び鉄化合物)とに分離する反応であり、この反応が生じる下限温度を不均化温度と呼ぶ。上記不均化温度は、R-T-X系合金の組成や希土類元素Rの種類により異なるが、例えば、600℃以上1100℃以下が挙げられる。例えば、R-T-X系合金が、NdFe14Bの場合、650℃以上が挙げられる。熱処理時の保持時間は、0.5時間以上5時間以下が挙げられる。この熱処理は、公知の不均化条件を適用することができる。 In the hydrogenation treatment, heat treatment is performed in an atmosphere containing a hydrogen element. The atmosphere containing a hydrogen element may be a single atmosphere of only H 2 (hydrogen) or a mixed atmosphere of H 2 and an inert gas such as Ar (argon) or N 2 (nitrogen). The temperature during heat treatment is set to a temperature at which the disproportionation reaction of the RTX based alloy proceeds, ie, the disproportionation temperature or more. The disproportionation reaction is a reaction that separates into a hydrogen compound of a rare earth element and iron (or iron and an iron compound) by preferential hydrogenation of the rare earth element (at least one rare earth element R containing Nd). The lower limit temperature at which the reaction occurs is called disproportionation temperature. The disproportionation temperature varies depending on the composition of the R-T-X-based alloy and the type of the rare earth element R, but may be, for example, 600 ° C. or more and 1100 ° C. or less. For example, when the RTX-based alloy is Nd 2 Fe 14 B, 650 ° C. or higher can be mentioned. The holding time at the time of heat treatment may be 0.5 hours to 5 hours. This heat treatment can apply known disproportionation conditions.
 上記水素化処理により得られる水素化粉末(第一相粉末31)を構成する各第一相粒子310は、希土類元素の水素化合物の相311と、鉄含有物の相312とに相分解した組織を有する(図2A参照)。希土類元素の水素化合物は、RHなどが挙げられる。鉄含有物は、Fe及びFeXなどが挙げられる。この水素化処理後の第一相粒子310は、相分解前のR-T-X系合金や希土類元素の水素化合物の相311に比較して柔らかい軟質部分である純鉄が存在することから、後述する成形工程において圧縮成形したときに変形して成形性を高め易い。 Each of the first phase particles 310 constituting the hydrogenated powder (first phase powder 31) obtained by the above-mentioned hydrotreating has a structure in which phase decomposition into a phase 311 of a hydrogen compound of rare earth element and a phase 312 of iron-containing material (See FIG. 2A). The hydrogen compound of the rare earth element includes RH 2 and the like. Examples of iron-containing substances include Fe and Fe 2 X. The first phase particles 310 after this hydrotreating have the presence of pure iron which is a soft portion softer than the phase 311 of the R-T-X based alloy before the phase decomposition or the hydrogen compound of the rare earth element. When compression molding is carried out in a molding step to be described later, it is easily deformed to improve the moldability.
 希土類元素の水素化合物の相311と鉄含有物の相312との存在形態は、希土類元素の水素化合物の相311と鉄含有物の相312とが積層構造となっている層状形態や、鉄含有物の相312の相中に粒状の希土類元素の水素化合物の相311が分散して存在する分散形態が挙げられる。これらの存在形態は、水素化処理の熱処理条件(主に温度)に依存する。分散形態は、希土類元素の水素化合物の相311の周囲に鉄含有物の相312が均一的に存在することで、層状形態よりも成形性を高め易い。そのため、円弧状、円筒状、円柱状などといった種々の形状の粉末成形体(希土類磁石素材1)が得られ易い。また、磁粉密度の高い高密度な粉末成形体が得られ易い。 The existence mode of the phase 311 of the hydrogen compound of the rare earth element and the phase 312 of the iron-containing material is a layered form in which the phase 311 of the hydrogen compound of the rare earth element and the phase 312 of the iron-containing material have a laminated structure There is a dispersion form in which the granular rare earth element hydrogen compound phase 311 is dispersed and present in the substance phase 312 phase. The form of their existence depends on the heat treatment conditions (mainly temperature) of the hydrotreating. The dispersed form is easier to improve formability than the layered form because the iron-containing phase 312 uniformly exists around the phase 311 of the rare earth element hydrogen compound. Therefore, it is easy to obtain powder compacts (rare earth magnet material 1) of various shapes such as arc shape, cylindrical shape, and cylindrical shape. In addition, it is easy to obtain a high density powder compact with high magnetic powder density.
 水素化処理後の第一相粒子310は、鉄含有物の相312が60体積%以上であることが好ましい。鉄含有物の相312が60体積%以上であることで、硬質である希土類元素の水素化合物の相311が相対的に少なくなり、後述する成形工程における圧縮成形時に成形性をより高め易い。一方、鉄含有物の相312が90体積%以下であることで、希土類元素の水素化合物の相311が相対的に多くなり、磁気特性に優れる。鉄含有物の相312は、更に63体積%以上85体積%以下、65体積%以上80体積%以下が挙げられる。 In the first phase particles 310 after hydrotreating, the phase 312 of the iron-containing material is preferably 60% by volume or more. When the phase 312 of the iron-containing material is 60% by volume or more, the phase 311 of the hard compound of the rare earth element is relatively reduced, and the formability is easily improved at the time of compression molding in a molding process described later. On the other hand, when the phase 312 of the iron-containing material is 90% by volume or less, the phase 311 of the hydrogen compound of the rare earth element is relatively large, and the magnetic characteristics are excellent. The iron-containing phase 312 further includes 63% by volume or more and 85% by volume or less and 65% by volume or more and 80% by volume or less.
 希土類元素の水素化合物の相311と鉄含有物の相312とは隣接して存在しており、かつ鉄含有物の相312を介して隣り合う希土類元素の水素化合物の相311の間隔は3μm以下であることが挙げられる。鉄含有物の相312が希土類元素の水素化合物の相311間に存在し、希土類元素の水素化合物の相311が特定の間隔で存在する組織は、両相311,312が均一的に存在する組織であるため、圧縮成形したときに均一的に変形する。上記間隔が3μm以下であると、後で脱水素処理により、希土類元素の水素化合物の相311と鉄含有物の相312とが相分解前のR-T-X系合金に再結合する際に、過度なエネルギーを投入しなくて済む上に、R-T-X系合金の結晶粒の粗大化による磁気特性の低下を抑制できる。希土類元素の水素化合物の相311間に鉄含有物の相312が十分に存在するためには、上記間隔は0.5μm以上、更に1μm以上であること挙げられる。上記間隔は、例えば、原料に用いるR-T-X系合金の組成を調整したり、水素化処理の条件、特に熱処理温度を調整したりすることで制御できる。例えば、R-T-X系合金において鉄の比率(原子比)を多くしたり、上記した温度範囲で熱処理温度を高くしたりすると、上記間隔が大きくなる傾向がある。 The phase 311 of the hydrogen compound of the rare earth element and the phase 312 of the iron-containing material are adjacent to each other, and the distance between the phase 311 of the hydrogen compound of the rare earth element adjacent through the iron-containing phase 312 is 3 μm or less Being mentioned. The structure in which the iron containing phase 312 is present between the rare earth element hydrogen compound phases 311 and the rare earth element hydrogen compound phase 311 is present at a specific interval is a structure in which both phases 311 and 312 are uniformly present. Therefore, when compression molding is carried out, it deforms uniformly. When the above-mentioned interval is 3 μm or less, the phase 311 of the hydrogen compound of the rare earth element and the phase 312 of the iron-containing substance recombine with the RTX based alloy before the phase decomposition by dehydrogenation later. Further, it is possible to suppress the deterioration of the magnetic properties due to the coarsening of the crystal grains of the R-T-X-based alloy as well as to avoid the need to input excessive energy. In order for the iron-containing phase 312 to be sufficiently present between the rare earth element hydrogen compound phases 311, the above-mentioned interval may be 0.5 μm or more, and further 1 μm or more. The above-mentioned interval can be controlled, for example, by adjusting the composition of the RTX-based alloy used as the raw material, or by adjusting the conditions of the hydrotreating, in particular, the heat treatment temperature. For example, when the ratio (atomic ratio) of iron is increased in the RTX-based alloy or the heat treatment temperature is increased in the above-described temperature range, the above-mentioned interval tends to be increased.
 上記間隔の測定は、例えば、第一相粒子310の断面をエッチングして鉄含有物の相312を除去して希土類元素の水素化合物の相311を抽出したり、又はエッチング溶液の種類によっては希土類元素の水素化合物の相311を除去して鉄含有物の相312を抽出したり、若しくは断面をEDX(エネルギー分散型X線分析装置)により組成分析することで測定できる。 In the measurement of the above-mentioned interval, for example, the cross section of the first phase particle 310 is etched to remove the iron-containing phase 312 to extract the rare earth element hydrogen compound phase 311 or rare earth depending on the type of etching solution. The phase 311 of the hydrogen compound of the element is removed to extract the phase 312 of the iron-containing substance, or the cross section can be measured by composition analysis using an EDX (energy dispersive X-ray analyzer).
 水素化処理後の水素化粉末(第一相粉末31)を粉砕し、所望の粒径に制御することができる。水素化処理後の水素化粉末を中粒度に粉砕し、圧縮成形に適した粒径の第一相粉末31を製造することが挙げられる。なお、第一相粉末31を構成する各第一相粒子310は、その組織(希土類元素の水素化合物の相311及び鉄含有物の相312)が粉砕前後で実質的に同じである。 The hydrogenated powder (first phase powder 31) after the hydrotreating can be pulverized and controlled to a desired particle size. The hydrotreated powder is pulverized to a medium particle size to produce a first phase powder 31 having a particle size suitable for compression molding. The respective first phase particles 310 constituting the first phase powder 31 have substantially the same structure (phase 311 of hydrogen compound of rare earth element and phase 312 of iron-containing material) before and after grinding.
 粉砕して得られた第一相粉末31は、平均粒径D50が50μm以上700μm以下であることが好ましい。このような第一相粉末31は、後述する成形工程における圧縮成形時に適した粒径であるため成形性に特に優れる。特に、平均粒径D50を50μm以上とすることで、第二相粉末32を構成する各粒子同士を強固に結着し易い。平均粒径D50を700μm以下とすることで、磁粉密度の高い希土類磁石素材1を作製し易い。第一相粉末31の平均粒径D50は、更に75μm以上550μm以下、特に100μm以上400μm以下が挙げられる。平均粒径D50(50体積%粒径)とは、レーザ回折式粒度分布測定装置により測定した場合において、体積基準の粒度分布をとり、その粒度分布の小径側から累積が50%となる粒径値のことである。この点は、後述する第二相粉末32でも同様である。 The first phase powder 31 obtained by grinding preferably has an average particle diameter D50 of 50 μm or more and 700 μm or less. Such a first phase powder 31 is particularly excellent in moldability because it has a particle diameter suitable for compression molding in a molding step to be described later. In particular, when the average particle diameter D50 is 50 μm or more, the particles constituting the second phase powder 32 can be easily firmly bonded to each other. By setting the average particle diameter D50 to 700 μm or less, it is easy to produce the rare earth magnet material 1 with a high magnetic powder density. The average particle diameter D50 of the first phase powder 31 is further 75 μm or more and 550 μm or less, in particular 100 μm or more and 400 μm or less. The average particle diameter D50 (50% by volume particle diameter) is a particle diameter that takes a volume-based particle size distribution when measured by a laser diffraction type particle size distribution measuring device, and the accumulation becomes 50% from the small diameter side It is the value. This point is the same as in the second phase powder 32 described later.
 〈第二相粉末の準備工程〉
 第二相粉末32の準備工程では、Sγδで示される化合物(例えば、SmCo)を主相とするS-M系合金の粉末を準備する。このS-M系合金の粉末は、例えば、S-M系合金の原料を、Arなどの不活性ガス雰囲気中で高周波溶解し、その後ジョークラッシャーやジェットミルなどの粉砕装置で粉砕することにより製造することができる。このS-M系合金の粉末(第二相粉末32)の大きさは、平均粒径D50(50体積%粒径)が1μm以上1000μm以下であることが好ましい。平均粒径D50を上記範囲とすることで、磁粉密度の高い希土類磁石素材1を作製し易い。第二相粉末32の平均粒径D50は、更に3μm以上900μm以下、特に5μm以上800μm以下が挙げられる。
<Preparation process of second phase powder>
In the preparation step of the second phase powder 32, a powder of an SM based alloy having a compound represented by S γ M δ (for example, Sm 1 Co 5 ) as a main phase is prepared. The powder of this SM type alloy is manufactured, for example, by high frequency melting the raw material of the SM type alloy in an inert gas atmosphere such as Ar, and thereafter pulverizing it with a pulverizer such as a jaw crusher or a jet mill. can do. The size of the powder of the SM type alloy (second phase powder 32) preferably has an average particle diameter D50 (50 volume% particle diameter) of 1 μm or more and 1000 μm or less. By setting the average particle diameter D50 in the above range, it is easy to produce the rare earth magnet material 1 with a high magnetic powder density. The average particle diameter D50 of the second phase powder 32 is further 3 μm or more and 900 μm or less, in particular 5 μm or more and 800 μm or less.
 〈混合工程〉
 混合工程では、第一相粉末31と第二相粉末32とを混合した混合粉末(磁石用粉末3)を作製する。
<Mixing process>
At a mixing process, the mixed powder (powder 3 for magnets) which mixed the 1st phase powder 31 and the 2nd phase powder 32 is produced.
 磁石用粉末3における第一相粉末31と第二相粉末32との配合割合は、得られる希土類磁石素材1における第一相11と第二相12との存在割合(含有量)に維持される。そのため、磁石用粉末3における第二相粉末32の配合割合は、多いほど、希土類磁石素材1における温度係数を小さくできる。よって、磁石用粉末3における第二相粉末32の配合割合は、質量割合で3%以上、更に5%以上、10%以上、特に15%以上、20%以上、25%以上であることが挙げられる。一方、磁石用粉末3における第二相粉末32の配合割合は、多過ぎると、磁石用粉末3における第一相粉末31の配合割合が相対的に少なくなり、成形性が低下したり、得られる希土類磁石素材1の残留磁束密度が低下したり、コストの増大を招いたりする。そのため、磁石用粉末3における第二相粉末32の配合割合は、質量割合で50%以下、更に45%以下、40%以下、特に35%以下であることが挙げられる。 The mixing ratio of the first phase powder 31 and the second phase powder 32 in the powder 3 for magnet is maintained at the existing ratio (content) of the first phase 11 and the second phase 12 in the obtained rare earth magnet material 1 . Therefore, the temperature coefficient of the rare earth magnet material 1 can be reduced as the proportion of the second phase powder 32 in the powder 3 for magnet increases. Therefore, it is mentioned that the blending ratio of the second phase powder 32 in the powder 3 for magnet is 3% or more, further 5% or more, 10% or more, particularly 15% or more, 20% or more, 25% or more in mass ratio Be On the other hand, if the compounding ratio of the second phase powder 32 in the powder 3 for magnet is too large, the compounding ratio of the first phase powder 31 in the powder 3 for magnet relatively decreases, and the formability is lowered or obtained. The residual magnetic flux density of the rare earth magnet material 1 may be reduced or the cost may be increased. Therefore, the compounding ratio of the second phase powder 32 in the powder 3 for magnet may be 50% or less, 45% or less, 40% or less, particularly 35% or less by mass ratio.
 第一相粉末31と第二相粉末32との混合には、両粉末31,32を均一的に混合できる適宜な混合機を用いて行うとよい。混合時間は、例えば、10分以上3時間以下、更に30分以上2.5時間以下とすることが挙げられる。混合時は、窒素雰囲気中で行うことが挙げられる。 The mixing of the first phase powder 31 and the second phase powder 32 may be performed using a suitable mixer capable of uniformly mixing the two powders 31 and 32. The mixing time is, for example, 10 minutes or more and 3 hours or less, and further 30 minutes or more and 2.5 hours or less. The mixing may be carried out in a nitrogen atmosphere.
 〔成形工程〕
 図2Bを参照して、成形工程では、磁石用粉末3を圧縮成形して粉末成形体2を作製する。成形には、所望の形状の粉末成形体2が得られる金型9を利用するとよい。
[Molding process]
Referring to FIG. 2B, in the molding step, powder 3 for magnet is compression-molded to produce powder compact 2. For molding, it is preferable to use a mold 9 capable of obtaining a powder compact 2 having a desired shape.
 金型9は、代表的には、貫通孔を有するダイ91と、ダイ91の内周面と共に成形空間を形成し、上記貫通孔に挿入して磁石用粉末3を圧縮成形する一対の上パンチ92及び下パンチ93とを備える。貫通孔を有する筒状又は環状の粉末成形体を成形する場合には、ダイ91の貫通孔に挿入配置されるロッド(図示せず)を利用する。 The mold 9 typically forms a molding space with a die 91 having a through hole and the inner peripheral surface of the die 91, and is inserted into the through hole to form a pair of upper punches for compression molding of the magnet powder 3. And 92 and a lower punch 93. When forming a cylindrical or annular powder compact having a through hole, a rod (not shown) inserted and disposed in the through hole of the die 91 is used.
 成形圧力は、大きいほど、相対密度が大きく、空隙が少ない粉末成形体2を得易い。成形圧力は、所望の相対密度となるように適宜選択できる。成形圧力は、例えば、490MPa以上1500MPa以下とすることが挙げられる。 The larger the molding pressure, the larger the relative density, and the easier it is to obtain a powder compact 2 with few voids. The molding pressure can be appropriately selected to achieve the desired relative density. The molding pressure is, for example, 490 MPa or more and 1,500 MPa or less.
 〔脱水素工程〕
 図2Cを参照して、脱水素工程では、粉末成形体2を不活性雰囲気中又は減圧雰囲気中、粉末成形体2の再結合温度以上の温度で熱処理(脱水素処理)して、希土類磁石素材1を作製する。
[Dehydrogenation process]
Referring to FIG. 2C, in the dehydrogenation step, powder compact 2 is heat-treated (dehydrogenated) at a temperature higher than the recombination temperature of powder compact 2 in an inert atmosphere or a reduced pressure atmosphere to form a rare earth magnet material. Make 1.
 脱水素処理時の雰囲気は、水素化粉末(第一相粉末31)と反応せず、各水素を効率よく除去できるように非水素雰囲気とする。非水素雰囲気には、不活性雰囲気又は減圧雰囲気が挙げられ、例えば、ArやNなどの不活性ガス雰囲気、又は標準の大気圧よりも圧力が低い真空雰囲気が挙げられる。特に、減圧雰囲気(真空雰囲気)中で脱水素処理した場合、再結合反応がより進行して、希土類元素の水素化合物が残存し難い。脱水素処理時の熱処理の温度は、粉末成形体2の再結合温度(分離していた鉄含有物と希土類元素とが化合する温度)以上とする。再結合温度は、粉末成形体2を構成する粒子の組成により異なるが、例えば、600℃以上1000℃以下、より好ましくは650℃以上850℃以下、さらに700℃以上800℃以下とすることが挙げられる。脱水素処理時の熱処理の時間は、例えば、10分以上10時間以下、より好ましくは30分以上5時間以下、さらに1時間以上3時間以下とすることが挙げられる。脱水素処理により得られる希土類磁石素材1の相対密度は、熱処理の温度や時間によって多少変化するものの、粉末成形体2の相対密度と実質的に等しい。 The atmosphere at the time of the dehydrogenation treatment is a non-hydrogen atmosphere so that each hydrogen can be efficiently removed without reacting with the hydrogenated powder (first phase powder 31). The non-hydrogen atmosphere includes an inert atmosphere or a reduced pressure atmosphere, for example, an inert gas atmosphere such as Ar or N 2 , or a vacuum atmosphere having a pressure lower than the standard atmospheric pressure. In particular, when dehydrogenation treatment is performed in a reduced pressure atmosphere (vacuum atmosphere), the recombination reaction progresses more, and the hydrogen compound of the rare earth element is less likely to remain. The temperature of the heat treatment at the time of the dehydrogenation treatment is at least the recombination temperature of the powder compact 2 (the temperature at which the separated iron-containing material and the rare earth element combine). Although the recombination temperature varies depending on the composition of the particles constituting the powder compact 2, for example, the temperature is preferably 600 ° C. to 1000 ° C., more preferably 650 ° C. to 850 ° C., and still more preferably 700 ° C. to 800 ° C. Be The heat treatment time at the time of the dehydrogenation treatment may be, for example, 10 minutes to 10 hours, more preferably 30 minutes to 5 hours, and further 1 hour to 3 hours. The relative density of the rare earth magnet material 1 obtained by the dehydrogenation treatment is substantially equal to the relative density of the powder compact 2 although it changes somewhat depending on the temperature and time of the heat treatment.
 脱水素処理後の希土類磁石素材1は、水素化処理により相分解した希土類元素の水素化合物の相311と鉄含有物の相312とが元のRαβXで示される化合物に再結合され、かつその結晶粒が微細化された多結晶組織である。この平均結晶粒径は、700nm以下であることが挙げられる。図2Dを参照して、脱水素処理後の希土類磁石素材1は、RαβX(RはNdを含む少なくとも一種の希土類元素、TはFeを含む少なくとも一種の遷移金属元素、XはB及びCから選択される少なくとも一種の元素、αはRの組成比、βはTの組成比)で示される化合物を含む第一相11と、Sγδ(SはSmを含む少なくとも一種の希土類元素、MはCoを含む少なくとも一種の遷移金属元素、γはSの組成比、δはMの組成比)で示される化合物を含む第二相12を備える。 After the dehydrogenation treatment, the rare earth magnet material 1 is recombined with the original compound represented by R α T β X, with the phase 311 of the hydrogen compound of the rare earth element and the phase 312 of the iron-containing substance phase-decomposed by hydrogenation. And a polycrystalline structure in which the crystal grains are refined. It is mentioned that this average crystal grain size is 700 nm or less. Referring to FIG. 2D, the rare earth magnet material 1 after the dehydrogenation treatment is R α T β X (R is at least one rare earth element including Nd, T is at least one transition metal element including Fe, and X is B and at least one element selected from C, alpha is the composition ratio of R, beta is the first phase 11 containing a compound represented by T composition ratio of), S γ M δ (S is at least one that contains the Sm The second phase 12 includes a rare earth element, M is at least one transition metal element including Co, γ is a composition ratio of S, and δ is a composition ratio of M).
 [試験例1]
 希土類磁石素材の試料を作製し、各試料を用いて希土類磁石を作製して、各試料の磁気特性を評価した。
[Test Example 1]
Samples of rare earth magnet materials were prepared, and rare earth magnets were prepared using each sample, and the magnetic properties of each sample were evaluated.
 ≪試料の作製≫
 準備工程では、第一相粉末と第二相粉末とを混合した磁石用粉末を準備した。第一相粉末として、化学量論組成がNdFe14Bで0.5~30mmの大きさの鋳造薄片を準備し、この鋳造薄片に水素化処理を施した後に粉砕して水素化粉末を作製した。水素化処理は、水素雰囲気中で、850℃×3時間行った。粉砕は、超硬合金製の乳鉢を用いて行った。粉砕後の水素化粉末(第一相粉末)は、平均粒径D50が150μmであった。第二相粉末として、平均粒径D50が10μmで、化学量論組成がSmCoの粉末を準備した。
<< Preparation of sample >>
In the preparation step, a powder for a magnet was prepared by mixing the first phase powder and the second phase powder. A cast flake having a stoichiometry of Nd 2 Fe 14 B and a size of 0.5 to 30 mm is prepared as a first phase powder, and the cast flake is subjected to a hydrogenation treatment and then crushed to obtain a hydrogenated powder. Made. The hydrogenation treatment was performed at 850 ° C. for 3 hours in a hydrogen atmosphere. The grinding was performed using a cemented carbide mortar. The pulverized hydrogenated powder (first phase powder) had an average particle diameter D50 of 150 μm. As a second phase powder, a powder having an average particle diameter D50 of 10 μm and a stoichiometric composition of Sm 1 Co 5 was prepared.
 準備した第一相粉末と第二相粉末とを混合して磁石用粉末を作製した。混合は、V型混合機を用い、窒素雰囲気中で30分行った。第一相粉末と第二相粉末との配合割合を表1に示す。なお、試料No.1-11は、第一相粉末のみを磁石用粉末として用いた。 The prepared first phase powder and the second phase powder were mixed to prepare a powder for a magnet. The mixing was performed for 30 minutes in a nitrogen atmosphere using a V-type mixer. The blend ratio of the first phase powder to the second phase powder is shown in Table 1. Sample No. 1-11 used only the first phase powder as a powder for a magnet.
 上記磁石用粉末を金型に充填し、圧縮成形して直径10mm×高さ10mmの粉末成形体を作製した。圧縮成形は、成形圧力を980MPa(10ton/cm)とした。 The above-mentioned powder for a magnet was filled in a mold and compression molded to prepare a powder compact having a diameter of 10 mm and a height of 10 mm. Compression molding was performed at a molding pressure of 980 MPa (10 ton / cm 2 ).
 上記粉末成形体に脱水素処理を施して希土類磁石素材の試料を作製した。脱水素処理は、真空雰囲気中(真空度:0.5Pa未満)で、800℃×3時間行った。 The powder compact was dehydrogenated to prepare a sample of a rare earth magnet material. The dehydrogenation treatment was performed at 800 ° C. for 3 hours in a vacuum atmosphere (vacuum degree: less than 0.5 Pa).
 ≪組織観察≫
 各試料の希土類磁石素材について、その表面又は断面をSEMにより組織観察すると共に、各試料の希土類磁石素材における各元素の含有量をICP発光分光分析法及び電子線マイクロアナライザ(EPMA)によるライン分析により測定し、測定した各元素の含有量から組成比を算出した。その結果、試料No.1-1~1-5は、NdFe14Bの相(第一相)と、第一相を構成する結晶粒の結晶粒界に存在し、Nd量が第一相に対して1.1倍以上である粒界相と、SmCoの相(第二相)とを備えることがわかった。
また、試料No.1-1~1-5について、SEMの観察像から第一相を構成する結晶粒の平均結晶粒径を測定した。具体的には、市販の画像処理ソフトを用いて観察像から各結晶粒の面積を調べ、各面積の等面積円相当径の平均を平均結晶粒径とした。その結果、平均結晶粒径が700nm以下であることがわかった。
«Organization observation»
The surface or cross section of the rare earth magnet material of each sample is structurally observed by SEM, and the content of each element in the rare earth magnet material of each sample is line analysis by ICP emission spectrometry and electron beam microanalyzer (EPMA) The composition ratio was calculated from the content of each element measured and measured. As a result, sample no. 1-1 to 1-5 are present in the Nd 2 Fe 14 B phase (first phase) and in the grain boundaries of the grains constituting the first phase, and the Nd content relative to the first phase is 1. It was found that the grain boundary phase which is more than 1 time and the phase of Sm 1 Co 5 (second phase) were provided.
Also, for sample no. For 1-1 to 1-5, the average crystal grain size of the crystal grains constituting the first phase was measured from the observation image of the SEM. Specifically, the area of each crystal grain is examined from the observation image using commercially available image processing software, and the average equivalent circular diameter of each area is taken as the average crystal grain size. As a result, it was found that the average crystal grain size was 700 nm or less.
 ≪磁気特性の評価≫
 各試料の希土類磁石素材を3.5Tのパルス磁界で着磁して、各試料の希土類磁石を作製し、希土類磁石における残留磁束密度の温度係数(%/℃)及び保磁力の温度係数(%/℃)を調べた。残留磁束密度の温度係数及び保磁力の温度係数は、B-Hトレーサー(理研電子社製BHH-530AP)に設置されたグローブボックス内を窒素雰囲気にし、そのグローブボックス内で各試料の希土類磁石素材を設定温度(50℃、100℃、150℃)に加熱し、各温度での残留磁束密度及び保磁力をB-Hトレーサーで測定し、その測定結果から算出した。その結果を表1に併せて示す。なお、図3を参照して、本開示にかかる希土類磁石10は、RαβX(RはNdを含む少なくとも一種の希土類元素、TはFeを含む少なくとも一種の遷移金属元素、XはB及びCから選択される少なくとも一種の元素、αはRの組成比、βはTの組成比)で示される化合物を含む第一相11と、Sγδ(SはSmを含む少なくとも一種の希土類元素、MはCoを含む少なくとも一種の遷移金属元素、γはSの組成比、δはMの組成比)で示される化合物を含む第二相12を備える。
«Evaluation of magnetic properties»
The rare earth magnet material of each sample is magnetized with a pulse magnetic field of 3.5 T to prepare a rare earth magnet of each sample, and the temperature coefficient (% / ° C.) of residual magnetic flux density and temperature coefficient (%) of coercivity in the rare earth magnet / ° C) was examined. The temperature coefficient of the residual magnetic flux density and the temperature coefficient of the coercivity are such that the inside of the glove box installed in the BH tracer (BHH-530AP made by Riken Denshi) is made into a nitrogen atmosphere, and the rare earth magnet material of each sample is made in the glove box. Was heated to a set temperature (50.degree. C., 100.degree. C., 150.degree. C.), and the residual magnetic flux density and the coercivity at each temperature were measured with a BH tracer, and calculated from the measurement results. The results are shown in Table 1 together. Referring to FIG. 3, the rare earth magnet 10 according to the present disclosure is R α T β X (R is at least one rare earth element including Nd, T is at least one transition metal element including Fe, and X is B and at least one element selected from C, alpha is the composition ratio of R, beta is the first phase 11 containing a compound represented by T composition ratio of), S γ M δ (S is at least one that contains the Sm The second phase 12 includes a rare earth element, M is at least one transition metal element including Co, γ is a composition ratio of S, and δ is a composition ratio of M).
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000001
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000001
 表1に示すように、第二相粉末を3質量%以上含む試料No.1-1~1-5は、第二相粉末を含まない試料No.1-11に比較して、残留磁束密度の温度係数及び保磁力の温度係数の各絶対値が小さくなっていることがわかる。具体的には、第二相粉末を3質量%含む試料No.1-1は、第二相粉末を含まない試料No.1-11に比較して、残留磁束密度の温度係数が約1.5%小さくなり、保磁力の温度係数が約3.7%小さくなっている。残留磁束密度の温度係数が約1.5%小さくなり、かつ保磁力の温度係数が約3.7%小さくなることで、その希土類磁石素材は、高温下であっても実用上十分な磁気特性を発揮できると期待できる。 As shown in Table 1, sample No. 2 containing 3% by mass or more of the second phase powder. 1-1 to 1-5 show sample No. 1 which does not contain the second phase powder. It can be seen that the absolute values of the temperature coefficient of residual magnetic flux density and the temperature coefficient of coercivity are smaller than those in 1-11. Specifically, sample No. 3 containing 3% by mass of the second phase powder. Sample No. 1-1 does not contain the second phase powder. Compared to 1-11, the temperature coefficient of residual magnetic flux density is about 1.5% smaller, and the temperature coefficient of coercivity is about 3.7% smaller. The temperature coefficient of residual magnetic flux density is reduced by about 1.5%, and the temperature coefficient of coercivity is reduced by about 3.7%, so that the rare earth magnet material has sufficient magnetic properties for practical use even at high temperatures. Can be expected to
 表1に示すように、第二相粉末の含有量は、多くなるほど、残留磁束密度の温度係数と保磁力の温度係数の双方が小さくなることがわかる。しかし、第二相粉末の含有量が多くなると、第一相粉末の含有量が相対的に少なくなり、残留磁束密度が低下したり、コストの増大を招いたりする虞がある。そのため、第二相粉末の含有量は、50質量%以下であることが好ましいと考えられる。 As shown in Table 1, it can be seen that as the content of the second phase powder increases, both the temperature coefficient of residual magnetic flux density and the temperature coefficient of coercivity decrease. However, when the content of the second phase powder increases, the content of the first phase powder relatively decreases, which may lower the residual magnetic flux density or increase the cost. Therefore, it is considered that the content of the second phase powder is preferably 50% by mass or less.
 1 希土類磁石素材
 10 希土類磁石
 11 第一相
 110 結晶粒
 111 粒界相
 12 第二相
 2 粉末成形体
 3 磁石用粉末
 31 第一相粉末
 310 第一相粒子
 311 希土類元素の水素化合物の相
 312 鉄含有物の相
 32 第二相粉末
 9 金型
 91 ダイ
 92 上パンチ
 93 下パンチ
Reference Signs List 1 rare earth magnet material 10 rare earth magnet 11 first phase 110 grain 111 grain boundary phase 12 second phase 2 powder compact 3 powder for magnet 31 first phase powder 310 first phase particle 311 phase of hydrogen compound of rare earth element 312 iron Phase of inclusion 32 second phase powder 9 mold 91 die 92 upper punch 93 lower punch

Claims (13)

  1.  Ndを含む少なくとも一種の希土類元素Rと、Feを含む少なくとも一種の遷移金属元素Tと、B及びCから選択される少なくとも一種の元素Xとで構成され、Rの組成比をα、Tの組成比をβとしたとき、RαβXで示される化合物を含む第一相と、
     前記第一相の結晶粒界に存在して前記RαβXよりもRの濃度が高い粒界相と、
     Smを含む少なくとも一種の希土類元素Sと、Coを含む少なくとも一種の遷移金属元素Mとで構成され、Sの組成比をγ、Mの組成比をδとしたとき、Sγδで示される化合物を含む第二相とを備える希土類磁石素材。
    Composition of at least one rare earth element R containing Nd, at least one transition metal element T containing Fe, and at least one element X selected from B and C, and the composition ratio of R is α, T A first phase containing a compound represented by R α T β X, where the ratio is β;
    A grain boundary phase which is present at grain boundaries of the first phase and has a concentration of R higher than that of the R α T β X;
    When it is composed of at least one rare earth element S containing Sm and at least one transition metal element M containing Co, and the composition ratio of S is γ, and the composition ratio of M is δ, it is represented by S γ M δ A rare earth magnet material comprising a second phase containing a compound.
  2.  前記希土類磁石素材に占める前記第二相の含有量は、3質量%以上50質量%以下である請求項1に記載の希土類磁石素材。 The rare earth magnet material according to claim 1, wherein a content of the second phase in the rare earth magnet material is 3% by mass or more and 50% by mass or less.
  3.  前記Sγδは、γが1以上3以下、δが4以上18以下である請求項1又は請求項2に記載の希土類磁石素材。 The rare earth magnet material according to claim 1 or 2, wherein in the S γ M δ , γ is 1 or more and 3 or less, and δ is 4 or more and 18 or less.
  4.  前記RαβXは、αが1.5以上2.5以下、βが12.5以上15.5以下である請求項1から請求項3のいずれか1項に記載の希土類磁石素材。 The rare earth magnet material according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein in the R α T β X, α is 1.5 or more and 2.5 or less and β is 12.5 or more and 15.5 or less.
  5.  前記RαβXは、Nd14Xである請求項1から請求項4のいずれか1項に記載の希土類磁石素材。 The rare earth magnet material according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the R α T β X is Nd 2 T 14 X.
  6.  前記第一相の平均結晶粒径は、700nm以下である請求項1から請求項5のいずれか1項に記載の希土類磁石素材。 The rare earth magnet material according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein an average crystal grain size of the first phase is 700 nm or less.
  7.  Ndを含む少なくとも一種の希土類元素Rと、Feを含む少なくとも一種の遷移金属元素Tと、B及びCから選択される少なくとも一種の元素Xとで構成され、Rの組成比をα、Tの組成比をβとしたとき、RαβXで示される化合物を含む第一相と、
     前記第一相の結晶粒界に存在して前記RαβXよりもRの濃度が高い粒界相と、
     Smを含む少なくとも一種の希土類元素Sと、Coを含む少なくとも一種の遷移金属元素Mとで構成され、Sの組成比をγ、Mの組成比をδとしたとき、Sγδで示される化合物を含む第二相とを備え、
    前記Sγδは、γが1以上3以下、δが4以上18以下であり、
    前記RαβXは、αが1.5以上2.5以下、βが12.5以上15.5以下である希土類磁石素材。
    Composition of at least one rare earth element R containing Nd, at least one transition metal element T containing Fe, and at least one element X selected from B and C, and the composition ratio of R is α, T A first phase containing a compound represented by R α T β X, where the ratio is β;
    A grain boundary phase which is present at grain boundaries of the first phase and has a concentration of R higher than that of the R α T β X;
    When it is composed of at least one rare earth element S containing Sm and at least one transition metal element M containing Co, and the composition ratio of S is γ, and the composition ratio of M is δ, it is represented by S γ M δ And a second phase containing the compound,
    In the S γ M δ , γ is 1 or more and 3 or less, δ is 4 or more and 18 or less,
    Wherein R α T β X is a rare earth magnet material alpha is 1.5 or more and 2.5 or less, beta is 12.5 or more 15.5 or less.
  8.  Ndを含む少なくとも一種の希土類元素Rと、Feを含む少なくとも一種の遷移金属元素Tと、B及びCから選択される少なくとも一種の元素Xとで構成され、Rの組成比をα、Tの組成比をβとしたとき、RαβXで示される化合物を含む第一相と、
     前記第一相の結晶粒界に存在して前記RαβXよりもRの濃度が高い粒界相と、
     Smを含む少なくとも一種の希土類元素Sと、Coを含む少なくとも一種の遷移金属元素Mとで構成され、Sの組成比をγ、Mの組成比をδとしたとき、Sγδで示される化合物を含む第二相とを備える希土類磁石。
    Composition of at least one rare earth element R containing Nd, at least one transition metal element T containing Fe, and at least one element X selected from B and C, and the composition ratio of R is α, T A first phase containing a compound represented by R α T β X, where the ratio is β;
    A grain boundary phase which is present at grain boundaries of the first phase and has a concentration of R higher than that of the R α T β X;
    When it is composed of at least one rare earth element S containing Sm and at least one transition metal element M containing Co, and the composition ratio of S is γ, and the composition ratio of M is δ, it is represented by S γ M δ And a second phase containing the compound.
  9.  前記希土類磁石素材に占める前記第二相の含有量は、3質量%以上50質量%以下である請求項8に記載の希土類磁石。 The rare earth magnet according to claim 8, wherein a content of the second phase in the rare earth magnet material is 3% by mass or more and 50% by mass or less.
  10.  前記Sγδは、γが1以上3以下、δが4以上18以下である請求項8又は請求項9に記載の希土類磁石。 The rare earth magnet according to claim 8 or 9, wherein in the S γ M δ , γ is 1 or more and 3 or less, and δ is 4 or more and 18 or less.
  11.  前記RαβXは、αが1.5以上2.5以下、βが12.5以上15.5以下である請求項8から請求項10のいずれか1項に記載の希土類磁石。 The rare earth magnet according to any one of claims 8 to 10, wherein in the R α T β X, α is 1.5 or more and 2.5 or less and β is 12.5 or more and 15.5 or less.
  12.  前記RαβXは、Nd14Xである請求項8から請求項11のいずれか1項に記載の希土類磁石。 The rare earth magnet according to any one of claims 8 to 11, wherein the R α T β X is Nd 2 T 14 X.
  13.  前記第一相の平均結晶粒径は、700nm以下である請求項8から請求項12のいずれか1項に記載の希土類磁石。 The rare earth magnet according to any one of claims 8 to 12, wherein an average crystal grain size of the first phase is 700 nm or less.
PCT/JP2018/038290 2017-10-18 2018-10-15 Rare-earth magnet material and rare-earth magnet WO2019078148A1 (en)

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JPH10163015A (en) * 1996-12-03 1998-06-19 Seiko Epson Corp Magnet alloy powder, its manufacture and magnet using the same
JP2003124012A (en) * 2001-10-12 2003-04-25 Hitachi Ltd Composite magnet, composite magnetic material, and motor
JP2011129768A (en) * 2009-12-18 2011-06-30 Toyota Motor Corp Rare earth magnet and method of manufacturing the same
JP2015135855A (en) * 2014-01-16 2015-07-27 住友電気工業株式会社 Rare earth magnet and method for producing rare earth magnet

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JPH10163015A (en) * 1996-12-03 1998-06-19 Seiko Epson Corp Magnet alloy powder, its manufacture and magnet using the same
JP2003124012A (en) * 2001-10-12 2003-04-25 Hitachi Ltd Composite magnet, composite magnetic material, and motor
JP2011129768A (en) * 2009-12-18 2011-06-30 Toyota Motor Corp Rare earth magnet and method of manufacturing the same
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