WO2019071666A1

WO2019071666A1 - Gravity casting simulation test bench

Info

Publication number: WO2019071666A1
Application number: PCT/CN2017/108817
Authority: WO
Inventors: 王成军; 窦海石; 郑艳; 李龙; 郭永存; 沈豫浙; 余汉伟
Original assignee: 安徽理工大学
Priority date: 2017-10-09
Filing date: 2017-10-31
Publication date: 2019-04-18
Also published as: CN107478800B; GB2578945A; GB2578945B; GB201911055D0; CN107478800A

Abstract

A gravity casting simulation test bench comprises: a base (1), a ladle frame (2), a test ladle (3), a pouring device (4), a vibration table (5), a simulated sand box (6) and a measuring device (7). The device can utilize water, mud or glycerin as media to simulate liquid metal, and is mainly used for hydraulic simulation testing, casting law simulation testing and vibration casting simulation testing of a filling process in a casting process. The test ladle (3) is driven by the pouring device (4) to execute gravity casting, and a filling test can be carried out by installing different gating systems and molds in the simulated sand box (6). Test results are obtained by sensors installed in the measuring device (7), the vibration table (5), the simulated sand box (6) and the test ladle (3), and test parameters are automatically collected and converted by a computer. The device can develop a test plan according to different working conditions, gating systems and molds to obtain objective conclusions, and has many advantages such as allowing research independent of environmental and site constraints, being easy to operate, low in cost etc.

Description

重力浇铸模拟试验台Gravity casting simulation test bench

技术领域Technical field

本发明属于铸造试验设备技术领域，特别涉及一种重力浇铸模拟试验台。The invention belongs to the technical field of casting test equipment, and particularly relates to a gravity casting simulation test bench.

背景技术Background technique

传统铸造生产中目前仍然是根据经验来确定流量系数、流速等铸造工艺参数及合理的浇注***，这对于重大复杂及批量大的一些铸件是非常不够的，也是不科学的，铸件废品率居高不下，常常造成重大经济损失。在铸造生产中浇铸时铁水或钢水需要用浇包转到生产线上，对准浇注口把浇包中的铁水或钢水倒在浇铸工件的浇口杯中，冷却后经过落砂清理形成铸件。目前，浇铸铁水或钢水是由工人手抬或行车吊运沉重的浇包，从高频电炉处接铁水或钢水，再把铁水或钢水与浇包移到浇铸地点，两人或多人配合，将浇包慢慢地倾斜，将浇包中的铁水或钢水倾倒在工件的浇注口中。此种方法不便于现场教学或试验研究，主要制约因素有：(1)受到用电的限制，一般铸造生产都在夜间进行，不便于开展参与人数较多的教学或需要调试的试验研究；(2)铸造现场工作环境差。铁水或钢水的温度高达1500℃左右，其工作环境温度在40℃以上，安全隐患大；(3)工作环境危险，时刻要小心铁水或钢水飞溅，现场工作人员的人身安全保障存在隐患；(4)现场浇铸全程周期较长，浇铸速度慢；(5)现场浇铸试验成本高。在涉及铸造过程的教学、研究方面，铸造成型方面的教学都是基于教师或师傅的口述和视频教学，很少有学生可切身体会铸造的过程，导致对铸造方面的很多知识仅停留在纸上谈兵的阶段。而且到现场参观受到参观时机安排、现场接受参观的条件、安全管理以及交通等诸多限制，一次教学往往要花费很多的时间和精力在筹备和组织上。不仅增加了组织筹备的工作量，提高了教学成本，而且铸造现场教学还存在一定的安全隐患和管理难度。因此，数值模拟和以水力模拟为主的物理相似模拟试验成为替代现场浇铸试验进行教学和科研试验的一种主要手段。同时，随着铸造生产技术的发展、测试技术和计算机在铸造生产和研究中的应用，以及对铸件质量要求的提高，迫切需要在实验室通过物理模拟和数学模拟的方法，对铸造生产的主要过程——充型过程和凝固过程，进行精确的测量，研究其规律、得出定性和定量的数学公式。从而能够测出一些未知的现象，并以实验室中所得到的规律去指导和控制生产过程，提高铸件的质量和产量，进而取得更好的经济效益。In the traditional casting production, it is still based on experience to determine the casting process parameters such as flow coefficient, flow rate and reasonable casting system. This is not enough for some complex and large-sized castings, and it is unscientific. The casting scrap rate is high. No, often it causes significant economic losses. In the casting production, the molten iron or molten steel needs to be transferred to the production line by pouring the ladle. The molten iron or molten steel in the ladle is poured into the pouring cup of the casting workpiece, and after cooling, the casting is formed by falling sand. At present, cast iron water or molten steel is carried by workers or heavy lifting ladle. From the high-frequency electric furnace, iron or steel water is connected, and then molten iron or molten steel and ladle are moved to the casting site. Two or more people cooperate. Tilt the ladle slowly and pour the molten iron or molten steel in the ladle into the sprue of the workpiece. This method is not convenient for on-site teaching or experimental research. The main constraints are: (1) restricted by electricity consumption, general casting production is carried out at night, it is not convenient to carry out the teaching of more participants or the need for debugging; 2) The working environment at the casting site is poor. The temperature of molten iron or molten steel is as high as 1500 °C, the working environment temperature is above 40 °C, and the safety hazard is large; (3) The working environment is dangerous, and the hot metal or molten steel splash should be taken care of at all times, and the personal safety of the field workers is hidden; (4) The whole process of on-site casting is long and the casting speed is slow; (5) The cost of on-site casting test is high. In the teaching and research related to the casting process, the teaching of casting molding is based on the dictation and video teaching of teachers or masters. Few students can experience the process of casting, resulting in a lot of knowledge about casting only on paper. stage. Moreover, on-site visits are subject to many restrictions such as the timing of visits, the conditions for on-site visits, safety management, and transportation. A teaching often takes a lot of time and effort in preparation and organization. It not only increases the workload of the organization preparation, but also increases the teaching cost, and there are certain security risks and management difficulties in casting on-site teaching. Therefore, numerical simulation and physical similar simulation experiments based on hydraulic simulation have become a major means of teaching and scientific research in place of on-site casting tests. At the same time, with the development of casting production technology, the application of testing technology and computer in casting production and research, and the improvement of casting quality requirements, it is urgent to adopt the methods of physical simulation and mathematical simulation in the laboratory. Process - filling process and solidification process, making accurate measurements, studying its laws, and obtaining qualitative and quantitative mathematical formulas. Therefore, it is possible to detect some unknown phenomena, and to guide and control the production process by the laws obtained in the laboratory, improve the quality and yield of the castings, and thereby achieve better economic benefits.

基于计算机的数值模拟方法尽管具有一定的参考价值，但是误差较大，且很多工艺参数无法通过计算机模拟的方法获取。国外一些工厂从上世纪70年代就开始对于重大、复杂和批量较大的铸件，已经普遍地先在实验室中用水模拟的方法研究充型过程及浇注***，找出其规律，确定最合理的工艺方案，然后进行生产，以取得最佳的经济效果。Although the computer-based numerical simulation method has certain reference value, the error is large, and many process parameters cannot be obtained by computer simulation. Some factories in foreign countries have been studying the filling process and pouring system in the laboratory in the first half of the 1970s for large, complex and large-scale castings, to find out the law and determine the most reasonable. The process plan is then produced to achieve the best economic results.

水模拟技术已成为铸件铸造工艺优化设计中常用的研究方法,理想的铸造工艺设计可有效地减轻液态金属充型过程中的卷气和夹杂倾向。研究过程不仅在于流动过程的显示和对计算机数值模拟过程的补充，而且随着近代计算机技术、图像处理技术以及激光技术的发展，如利用PIV等液体流场可视化技术，利用计算机图形图像学高速有效的算法，对获得的流场图像进行定量化研究。但对水模拟过程与液态金属充型过程的相似性有更高的要求，对水模拟的试验台设计提出了更高的要求，从而提高水模拟试验结果的准确性。Water simulation technology has become a commonly used research method in the optimization design of casting casting process. The ideal casting process design can have Effectively reduce the tendency of entrainment and inclusion during liquid metal filling. The research process is not only the display of the flow process and the complement of the computer numerical simulation process, but also with the development of modern computer technology, image processing technology and laser technology, such as the use of liquid flow field visualization technology such as PIV, using computer graphics imagery at high speed The algorithm performs quantitative research on the obtained flow field image. However, there is a higher requirement for the similarity between the water simulation process and the liquid metal filling process, and higher requirements are put forward for the design of the water simulation test bench, thereby improving the accuracy of the water simulation test results.

针对浇铸实验模拟装置和方法方面的研究，现有文献也提出了一些解决方案。例如，申请号为201210591733.8的中国专利公开了一种能实时显示钢水浇铸过程重要数据的***，由称重单位、接收机、工控机、现场大屏幕和无线遥控手操盒组成，在浇铸过程中通过模拟传感器不间断测量钢水的重量变化，传感器的模拟信号转换成数字信号，通过无线数字发射模块不停地发射到现场，适合于现场大型铸件生产使用，不适合于具有多参数测量要求的试验研究。申请号为201410482876.4的中国专利公开了一种浇注沥青移动式加热搅拌试验室小型模拟机，包括机体、轮子、搅拌轴、搅拌缸、搅拌叶片、连接臂、电机和变速器，用于生产少量的混合料，并在室内试验检测MA沥青混合料的流动度、硬度和动稳定度等性能参数；申请号为201621049701.5的中国实用新型专利公开了一种灌注桩浇注过程模拟的模型试验装置，包括金属架平台、金属漏斗、导管和桩体部件，用于模拟混凝土进入到初期灌注的混凝土下面，顶托着初期灌注的混凝土及其上面的泥浆或水上升，形成连续密实的混凝土桩身的浇注过程。申请号为200920110535.9的中国实用新型专利公开了一种高压裂隙注浆模拟试验台，主要用于深部地层裂隙高压注浆工艺参数的研究。1992年，武汉工学院的刘晨、郭祖培在《实验技术与管理》第3期中发表了题为《SMSJ-44A型水模拟浇注***实验台研制》论文，介绍了SMSJ-44A型水模拟浇注***实验台，包括水箱、水箱控制台、浇注工作台、测量水箱，实验台的控制部分由液位控制仪、温度控制仪和计时仪组成，供实验时任意组合使用，全部部件均采用集成块、数字显示和数码拨盘开关等元器件，该试验台可模拟铸件浇铸过程，观察铸造过程中金属液的流动情况及缺陷等，为制定工艺方案和设计工作提供依据，但只能测量流速、流量和浇铸时间。哈尔滨工业大学的王惠光、叶荣茂、王冬在《热加工工艺》1986年第5期中发表题为《低压铸造垂直缝隙式浇注***的充填规律及其结构影响的水模拟试验》论文，介绍了一种由有机玻璃制成的设有缝隙式浇注***的简易浇铸试验装置，包括储液加压罐、升液管、立筒和带型腔的透明模拟铸型，用水力模拟的方法观察低压铸造生产中使用缝隙式浇注***,金属液充填薄壁型腔的过程，在充填过程中流体质点运动规律以及铸型型腔的充填顺序，同时考察充型速度、浇注***各单元结构、尺寸、型腔壁厚，流体粘度等有关因素对充填过程的影响，试验装置仅可以进行垂直缝隙式浇注试验模拟。大连工学院的邓肇豪、张恩涛、李福全等人1981年5月在《铸工》杂志发表题为《浇注***的水模拟实验-浇注***的流量系数μ》的论文中介绍了水模拟实验的方法，根据所提出的浇注***的流量系数的数学公式，采用四种有机玻璃模型确定浇注***的流量系数，并以电模拟的方法配合水模拟实验，绘制出流量系数曲线。赵忠兴、金光、王永臣、王连琪等人在《热加工工艺》2003年第2期中发表题为《多功能水模拟试验台的研制》论文中介绍了一种水模拟试验台，包括工作台、低压铸造水箱、主水箱、供水泵、副水箱、测量水箱、循环水泵、浇注水箱、流量调节管、升降机构、移动小车、流速仪，移动小车及其上面水箱可前后左右运动，浇注水箱的升降由丝杠和带转轮的丝母靠手动来实现，该试验台可用于流量系数的测定和进行充型试验，不能进行浇铸规律模拟试验。For the research of casting experimental simulation devices and methods, the existing literature also proposes some solutions. For example, the Chinese patent No. 201210591733.8 discloses a system capable of displaying important data of the molten steel casting process in real time, which consists of a weighing unit, a receiver, an industrial computer, a large-scale on-site screen and a wireless remote control hand-held box, during the casting process. Through the uninterrupted measurement of the weight change of the molten steel by the analog sensor, the analog signal of the sensor is converted into a digital signal, which is continuously transmitted to the scene through the wireless digital transmitting module, which is suitable for the production of large-scale castings on site, and is not suitable for the test with multi-parameter measurement requirements. the study. Chinese Patent Application No. 201410482876.4 discloses a small simulator for pouring asphalt mobile heating and stirring laboratory, including a body, a wheel, a stirring shaft, a stirring tank, a stirring blade, a connecting arm, a motor and a transmission, for producing a small amount of mixing. And testing the performance parameters such as fluidity, hardness and dynamic stability of the MA asphalt mixture in the laboratory; the Chinese utility model patent No. 201621049701.5 discloses a model test device for simulating the pouring process of the pouring pile, including the metal frame Platforms, metal funnels, conduits, and pile components are used to simulate the entry of concrete into the underlying concrete, topping the initial poured concrete and the mud or water above it to form a continuous compact concrete pile. The Chinese utility model patent with application number 200920110535.9 discloses a high-pressure crack grouting simulation test bench, which is mainly used for the study of high-pressure grouting process parameters of deep stratum fractures. In 1992, Liu Chen and Guo Zupei of Wuhan Institute of Technology published a paper titled "Study on the Development of Experimental Bench for SMSJ-44A Water Simulation Casting System" in the third issue of "Experimental Technology and Management", introducing the SMSJ-44A water simulation casting system. The test bench includes a water tank, a water tank console, a pouring workbench, and a measuring water tank. The control part of the experimental bench is composed of a liquid level controller, a temperature controller and a chronograph, and is used in any combination for experiments, and all components are integrated blocks, Digital display and digital dial switch components, the test bench can simulate the casting process, observe the flow of metal liquid and defects in the casting process, provide a basis for the formulation of the process plan and design work, but can only measure the flow rate, flow rate And casting time. Wang Huiguang, Ye Rongmao, and Wang Dong of Harbin Institute of Technology published a paper entitled "Water Filling Test of Filling Law and Structural Influence of Low-pressure Casting Vertical Gap Casting System" in the fifth issue of "Thermal Processing Technology" in 1986, introducing a kind of paper. A simple casting test device made of plexiglass with a slit casting system, including a liquid storage pressure tank, a riser tube, a vertical tube and a transparent simulated mold with a cavity, and a low-pressure casting production by a hydraulic simulation method In the process of using the gap casting system, the filling process of the molten metal into the thin-walled cavity, the law of the movement of the fluid particles during the filling process and the filling sequence of the casting cavity, and the filling speed, the structure, size and cavity of each unit of the casting system are also investigated. The influence of wall thickness, fluid viscosity and other factors on the filling process, the test device can only simulate vertical slot casting test. Deng Yihao, Zhang Entao, Li Fuquan and others from Dalian Institute of Technology introduced the method of water simulation experiment in the paper entitled "Water Simulation Experiment of Gating System - Flow Coefficient of Gating System" in "Casting" magazine in May 1981. According to the mathematical formula of the proposed flow coefficient of the gating system, four plexiglass models are used to determine the flow coefficient of the gating system, and the electric simulation method is used. Water simulation experiment, draw the flow coefficient curve. Zhao Zhongxing, Jin Guang, Wang Yongchen, Wang Lianqi and others published a water simulation test bench, including workbench, low pressure casting, in the paper entitled "The Development of Multifunctional Water Simulation Test Bench" in the second issue of "Thermal Processing Technology" in 2003. Water tank, main water tank, water supply pump, auxiliary water tank, measuring water tank, circulating water pump, pouring water tank, flow regulating tube, lifting mechanism, moving trolley, flow meter, moving trolley and water tank above it can move back and forth, left and right, and the water tank is lifted and lowered by wire The bar and the wire mother with the runner are realized manually. The test bench can be used for the measurement of the flow coefficient and the filling test, and the casting law simulation test cannot be performed.

现有技术的显著缺点是，缺乏有效的室内重力铸造模拟试验装置，尤其是缺乏可以同时具备开展重力浇铸规律模拟试验、充型过程水力模拟试验和振动浇铸试验的综合试验台，受环境影响较大，可测量参数较少，且不便操作，不能满足对铸造成型的重力浇铸模拟试验需要，不能根据各种不同的工况有针对性地制定试验及研究方案。The significant shortcoming of the prior art is the lack of an effective indoor gravity casting simulation test device, especially the lack of a comprehensive test rig capable of simultaneously carrying out the gravity casting law simulation test, the filling process hydraulic simulation test and the vibration casting test, which is affected by the environment. Large, measurable parameters are less, and inconvenient to operate, can not meet the needs of gravity casting simulation test for casting molding, and can not develop test and research plans according to various working conditions.

发明内容Summary of the invention

本发明的目的是针对现有技术的不足，提供一种重力浇铸模拟试验台，能够用于铸造成型过程中的重力浇铸模拟教学和试验研究，可在教室或实验室开展，不受环境、时间和场地的影响，既保证了试验的真实性，又保证教学或试验的顺利进行，同时具有极高的经济性和安全性，降低了试验成本，可克服现有技术的缺陷。The object of the present invention is to provide a gravity casting simulation test bench for the gravity casting simulation test in the casting process, which can be carried out in a classroom or a laboratory, regardless of the environment and time. And the impact of the site, not only to ensure the authenticity of the test, but also to ensure the smooth progress of teaching or testing, while having high economic and security, reducing the cost of testing, can overcome the shortcomings of the prior art.

本发明所要解决的技术问题采用以下技术方案来实现。The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions.

一种重力浇铸模拟试验台，包括底座、浇包架、试验浇包、倾倒装置、振动台、模拟砂箱和测量装置。其中，所述的浇包架位于底座的中部，且与底座通过螺钉相固连；所述的试验浇包安装在浇包架上，试验浇包的两侧与浇包架通过铰链相连接；所述的倾倒装置位于底座的后方，所述的倾倒装置的底部固定安装在底座上，所述的倾倒装置的前端与试验浇包通过铰链相连接；所述的振动台位于底座的前端，且与底座固连；所述的模拟砂箱固定安装在振动台的顶部；所述的测量装置位于底座的前方一侧，所述的测量装置通过滑块固定安装在底座上，且可沿着底座前后移动。A gravity casting simulation test bench includes a base, a ladle rack, a test ladle, a dumping device, a vibrating table, a simulated sand box, and a measuring device. Wherein, the ladle frame is located in the middle of the base and is fixed to the base by screws; the test ladle is mounted on the ladle frame, and both sides of the test ladle are connected with the ladle frame by a hinge; The pouring device is located at the rear of the base, the bottom of the pouring device is fixedly mounted on the base, the front end of the pouring device is connected with the test ladle through a hinge; the vibration table is located at the front end of the base, and The measuring flask is fixedly mounted on the top of the vibrating table; the measuring device is located on the front side of the base, and the measuring device is fixedly mounted on the base by the slider, and can be along the base Move back and forth.

所述的浇包架包括中立柱、顶梁、横梁和升降装置，用于支撑和安装试验浇包。其中，所述的中立柱有四根，且通过角码和螺钉对称固定安装在底座上，所述的顶梁固定安装在左右两根中立柱的顶部，所述的横梁安装在前后两根中立柱之间，所述的横梁与中立柱之间通过移动副相连接，且可沿着中立柱上下滑移，在横梁的中部还设有用于与试验浇包相连接的回转销轴；所述的升降装置有两个，且对称布置在底座的左右两侧，用于驱动横梁和试验浇包沿着中立柱升降；所述的升降装置的底部与底座固连，升降装置的顶部与横梁通过铰链相连接；在横梁的回转销轴上还设有三维力传感器和角度传感器，用于测量试验浇包和倾倒装置施加给横梁的力。所述的升降装置采用电动推杆或液压缸或电液缸或气缸。The ladle frame includes a center pillar, a top beam, a beam and a lifting device for supporting and installing the test ladle. Wherein, the middle column has four pieces, and is fixedly mounted on the base by a corner code and a screw. The top beam is fixedly mounted on the top of the left and right center pillars, and the beam is installed in the front and rear two. Between the columns, the beam and the center column are connected by a moving pair, and can slide down along the center column, and a rotating pin for connecting with the test ladle is further disposed in the middle of the beam; There are two lifting devices arranged symmetrically on the left and right sides of the base for driving the beam and the test ladle to be lifted along the center column; the bottom of the lifting device is fixed to the base, and the top of the lifting device and the beam pass The hinges are connected; a three-dimensional force sensor and an angle sensor are also provided on the pivot pin of the beam for measuring the force applied to the beam by the test ladle and the pouring device. The lifting device adopts an electric push rod or a hydraulic cylinder or an electric liquid cylinder or a cylinder.

在所述的试验浇包的顶部前方设有浇包嘴，在所述的试验浇包中部两侧均设有固定销轴套；在所述的固定销轴套的上下两侧分别设有侧上T型槽和侧下T型槽，在所述的侧上T型槽和侧下T型槽外分别固定安装有上活动销轴套和下活动销轴套，所述的上活动销轴套和下活动销轴套均通过T型螺钉与试验浇包相连接；在所述的试验浇包的后侧面上还设有后上T型槽和后下T型槽；在所述的后上T型槽和后下T型槽外分别固定安装有上耳座和下耳座，且所述的上耳座和下耳座均通过T型螺钉与试验浇包相连接；所述的试验浇包通过固定销轴套或上活动销轴套或下活动回转销轴套与横梁上的回转销轴相连接；在所述的试验浇包内设有温度传感器、电加热器和电加热温控器。所述的固定销轴套、上活动销轴套和下活动销轴套均可与横梁上的回转销轴相配合，且上活动销轴套和下活动销轴套可分别在侧上T型槽和侧下T型槽内滑移调节并固定，用于调节试验浇包在倾倒时回转轴线的位置，可用于研究试验浇包的不同回转轴线对液态金属浇铸形态和充型效果的影响，以及试验浇包的不同回转轴线对倾倒装置的结构和驱动力的影响。上耳座和下耳座也可分别在后上T型槽和后下T型槽内滑移调节并固定，用于调节倾倒装置与试验浇包的上下两个连接铰链的位置，进而调节倾倒装置对试验浇包施加倾倒力的角度，可用于研究倾倒装置的施力形式、方向、维数等参数对试验浇包的倾倒浇铸的影响，进而可用于倾倒装置的机构类型综合、分析和优化研究与验证。a pouring spout is arranged in front of the top of the test ladle, and a fixing pin bushing is arranged on both sides of the test ladle; and a side is arranged on the upper and lower sides of the fixing pin bushing respectively Upper T-slot and side lower T-slot, T-shaped on the side The upper movable pin bushing and the lower movable pin bushing are respectively fixedly mounted outside the slot and the lower lower T-shaped slot, and the upper movable pin bushing and the lower movable pin bushing are respectively connected with the test ladle through the T-shaped screw; a rear upper T-shaped groove and a rear lower T-shaped groove are further disposed on the rear side of the test ladle; and the upper ear seat and the upper rear T-shaped groove are respectively fixedly mounted on the outer rear T-shaped groove and the rear lower T-shaped groove a lower ear seat, and the upper ear seat and the lower ear seat are connected to the test ladle by a T-shaped screw; the test ladle is passed through a fixed pin bushing or an upper movable pin bushing or a lower movable turning pin shaft The sleeve is connected to the rotary pin on the beam; a temperature sensor, an electric heater and an electric heating thermostat are arranged in the test ladle. The fixing pin bushing, the upper movable pin bushing and the lower movable pin bushing can all cooperate with the rotating pin shaft on the beam, and the upper movable pin bushing and the lower movable pin bushing can be respectively on the side T type The groove and the side lower T-slot are adjusted and fixed in the slip, which is used to adjust the position of the rotary axis of the test ladle during the dumping. It can be used to study the influence of different rotary axes of the test ladle on the liquid metal casting form and filling effect. And the influence of the different rotation axes of the test ladle on the structure and driving force of the pouring device. The upper ear seat and the lower ear seat can also be adjusted and fixed in the rear upper T-shaped groove and the lower lower T-shaped groove respectively, for adjusting the position of the upper and lower connecting hinges of the pouring device and the test ladle, thereby adjusting the dumping The angle at which the device applies the dumping force to the test ladle can be used to study the influence of the force application form, direction, dimension and other parameters of the pouring device on the pouring casting of the test ladle, and thus can be used for the synthesis, analysis and optimization of the mechanism type of the pouring device. Research and verification.

所述的倾倒装置包括后立柱、上伸缩杆和下伸缩杆，用于驱动试验浇包绕回转销轴的轴线旋转，并实现倾倒浇铸。其中，所述的后立柱用于安装和支撑上伸缩杆和下伸缩杆，所述的后立柱的底部通过角码和螺钉固定安装在底座上，在所述的后立柱的前侧面上设有刻度尺，用于标定和测量上伸缩杆和下伸缩杆后端在后立柱的安装位置；所述的上伸缩杆的后端通过铰链与后立柱相连接，上伸缩杆的前端通过铰链与上耳座相连接；所述的下伸缩杆的后端通过铰链与后立柱相连接，下伸缩杆的前端通过铰链与下耳座相连接。所述的上伸缩杆和下伸缩杆采用电动推杆或液压缸或电液缸或气缸。The pouring device comprises a rear pillar, an upper telescopic rod and a lower telescopic rod for driving the test ladle to rotate about the axis of the rotating pin shaft and realizing the pouring casting. Wherein, the rear pillar is used for mounting and supporting the upper telescopic rod and the lower telescopic rod, and the bottom of the rear pillar is fixedly mounted on the base by a corner code and a screw, and the front side of the rear pillar is disposed on the front side of the rear pillar a scale for calibrating and measuring the installation position of the rear end of the upper telescopic rod and the lower telescopic rod at the rear pillar; the rear end of the upper telescopic rod is connected to the rear pillar by a hinge, and the front end of the upper telescopic rod passes through the hinge and the upper The ear sockets are connected; the rear end of the lower telescopic rod is connected to the rear pillar through a hinge, and the front end of the lower telescopic rod is connected to the lower ear socket through a hinge. The upper telescopic rod and the lower telescopic rod adopt an electric push rod or a hydraulic cylinder or an electro-hydraulic cylinder or a cylinder.

所述的模拟砂箱用于替代铸造成型试验中的砂箱与铸型，并在模拟砂箱内安装试验用的不同类型的浇注***和铸型，以研究不同类型的浇注***和铸型对液态金属充型过程的影响。在所述的模拟砂箱的顶部中间设有浇口杯，在所述的模拟砂箱的顶部前方设有两个对称布置的明冒口，在所述的模拟砂箱内设有试验用可更换的浇注***和铸型，在所述的浇口杯内设有流速仪，用于测量试验过程中模拟液态金属的水、泥浆或甘油等介质的注入时的流速和流量参数。所述的模拟砂箱、浇口杯和明冒口及安装在模拟砂箱内的浇注***和铸型均由透明有机玻璃材料或全透明亚克力材料制成，以便于试验人员在试验中进行目测观察或运用高速摄像机拍照。The simulated sandbox is used to replace the sandbox and mold in the casting molding test, and install different types of casting systems and castings for testing in the simulated sandbox to study different types of casting systems and casting pairs. The impact of the liquid metal filling process. a pouring cup is arranged in the middle of the top of the simulated sand box, and two symmetrically arranged rising risers are arranged in front of the top of the simulated sand box, and a test can be provided in the simulated sand box. A replacement gating system and a mold are provided with a flow meter in the pouring cup for measuring flow rate and flow parameters of a medium such as water, mud or glycerol simulating liquid metal during the test. The simulated sand box, the pouring cup and the riser and the casting system and the mold installed in the simulated sand box are made of transparent plexiglass material or fully transparent acrylic material, so that the tester can visually test in the test. Observe or take pictures with a high speed camera.

所述的测量装置包括测量支架、高速摄像机和激光位移传感器。其中，所述的测量支架的底部通过滑块固定安装在底座上，用于安装高速摄像机、激光位移传感器或其它需要临时安装的测量仪器；所述的测量支架可沿着底座前后移动，用以调节前后方向的测量位置；在测量支架的底部还设有锁紧螺钉，用于固定测量支架。所述的高速摄像机安装在测量支架的上端，用于测量模拟液态金属的水、泥浆或甘油等介质及夹杂物在浇铸过程中的位移和轨迹；所述的高速摄像机与测量支架之间通过倾角可调节支座相连接，可通过倾角可调节支座调节高速摄像机的拍摄角度。所述的激光位移传感器位于高速摄像机的下方，用于测量模拟液态金属的水、泥浆或甘油等介质及夹杂物在浇铸过程中的位置和厚度信息；所述的激光位移传感器通过其尾部的T型可锁紧螺钉安装在测量支架上，便于在测量支架上调节高度。在所述的底座上安装测量支架的一侧设有刻度尺，用于测量和标记测量支架在底座上的位置。The measuring device comprises a measuring bracket, a high speed camera and a laser displacement sensor. Wherein, the bottom of the measuring bracket is fixedly mounted on the base by a slider for mounting a high-speed camera, a laser displacement sensor or other measuring instrument that needs to be temporarily installed; the measuring bracket can be moved back and forth along the base for Adjust the measuring position in the front and rear direction; there is also a locking screw at the bottom of the measuring bracket for fixing the measuring bracket. The high speed camera is mounted on the measuring bracket The upper end is used to measure the displacement and trajectory of the medium, such as water, mud or glycerin, which simulates liquid metal, during the casting process; the high-speed camera and the measuring bracket are connected by the tilting adjustable support, and can be inclined The adjustable stand adjusts the shooting angle of the high speed camera. The laser displacement sensor is located below the high speed camera for measuring the position and thickness information of the medium, such as water, mud or glycerol, simulating liquid metal during the casting process; the laser displacement sensor passing through the tail T The type of lockable screw is mounted on the measuring bracket for height adjustment on the measuring bracket. A scale is mounted on the side of the base on which the measuring bracket is mounted for measuring and marking the position of the measuring bracket on the base.

所述的振动台包括可伸缩支腿、工作台和振动电机。其中，所述的可伸缩支腿有四个，且对称布置在底座上，用于支撑并调节工作台的高度；所述的可伸缩支腿的底部与底座通过螺钉相固连，可伸缩支腿的顶部与工作台之间通过球铰链相连接。所述的振动电机有两台，且均固定安装在工作台的底部，为工作台的振动提供激振动力；在所述的工作台的顶部设有称重传感器，用于测量安装在工作台上的模拟砂箱的重量的变化及注入模拟砂箱内模拟液态金属的介质的重量；在工作台的下方还设有加速度传感器，用于实时测量工作台的位移、速度和加速度。两台振动电机的轴线相互平行，且两台振动电机的规格型号完全相同，且在工作时保持同步反向旋转。所述的可伸缩支腿采用双作用液压缸或双作用电液缸或双作用气缸，如此设计使得可伸缩支腿还兼有减振器的功能。The vibrating table includes a telescopic leg, a table, and a vibration motor. Wherein, the telescopic legs have four and are symmetrically arranged on the base for supporting and adjusting the height of the worktable; the bottom of the telescopic legs is fixed to the base by screws, and the telescopic support is The top of the leg is connected to the table by a ball hinge. The vibration motor has two sets, and is fixedly mounted on the bottom of the worktable to provide an exciting vibration force for the vibration of the worktable; a weighing sensor is arranged on the top of the worktable for measuring and mounting on the workbench The weight of the simulated sandbox is changed and the weight of the medium simulating the liquid metal in the simulated sandbox; there is also an acceleration sensor below the workbench for measuring the displacement, velocity and acceleration of the table in real time. The axes of the two vibration motors are parallel to each other, and the specifications of the two vibration motors are identical, and they maintain synchronous reverse rotation during operation. The retractable leg adopts a double-acting hydraulic cylinder or a double-acting electro-hydraulic cylinder or a double-acting cylinder, so that the retractable leg also functions as a damper.

在本发明的机械本体外还设有电控箱，在所述的电控箱内设有数据采集卡、控制器和计算机，用于将各传感器获取的传感信息进行采集、分析和处理。An electric control box is further disposed outside the mechanical body of the present invention, and a data acquisition card, a controller and a computer are provided in the electric control box for collecting, analyzing and processing the sensing information acquired by each sensor.

使用时，先根据不同试验内容选择不同的模拟液态金属的介质类型和试验浇包的加热温度，根据具体试验的需要分别调节倾倒装置中上伸缩杆和下伸缩杆的前后两端在试验浇包和后立柱上的位置，确定上活动销轴套在侧上T型槽中的位置或下活动销轴套在侧下T型槽内的位置并锁紧固定，调节好测量支架在底座上的位置以及高速摄像机和激光位移传感器等测量仪器在测量支架上的位置，调节好模拟砂箱在振动台上的位置，并根据试验的需要确定是否选择振动浇铸模式以及确定振动台的振动方向、频率和振幅等参数。各项参数调节完成后，将试验用的浇注***及铸型固定安装在模拟砂箱内，并确保浇注***与浇口杯之间连接可靠；然后，将调试好的模拟液态金属的水、泥浆或甘油等介质倒入试验浇包内并加热至设定温度，然后启动倾倒装置驱动试验浇包转动，执行浇铸试验任务。When using, first select different medium types of simulated liquid metal and heating temperature of test ladle according to different test contents, and adjust the front and rear ends of the upper telescopic rod and the lower telescopic rod in the pouring device according to the requirements of the specific test. And the position on the rear pillar, determine the position of the upper movable pin bushing in the T-slot on the side or the position of the lower movable pin bushing in the side lower T-slot and lock and fix, adjust the measuring bracket on the base Position and the position of the measuring instrument such as high-speed camera and laser displacement sensor on the measuring bracket, adjust the position of the simulated sand box on the vibrating table, and determine whether to select the vibration casting mode and determine the vibration direction and frequency of the vibrating table according to the needs of the test. And amplitude and other parameters. After the adjustment of various parameters is completed, the casting system and mold for the test are fixedly installed in the simulated sand box, and the connection between the pouring system and the pouring cup is ensured; then, the water and mud of the simulated liquid metal will be debugged. Or a medium such as glycerin is poured into the test ladle and heated to a set temperature, and then the pouring device is started to drive the test ladle to rotate, and the casting test task is performed.

在执行振动浇铸试验任务时，通过改变振动电机在工作台上的安装位置、方向和振动电机的工作时序，可使工作台产生不同方向和类型的振动。三维力传感器、角度传感器、温度传感器、流速仪、激光位移传感器、加速度传感器以及高速摄像机所拍摄的图像信息等均通过数据采集卡传输给计算机和控制器。When performing the vibration casting test task, the table can be made to vibrate in different directions and types by changing the mounting position, direction of the vibrating motor on the table, and the working timing of the vibrating motor. The three-dimensional force sensor, the angle sensor, the temperature sensor, the flow meter, the laser displacement sensor, the acceleration sensor, and the image information captured by the high-speed camera are transmitted to the computer and the controller through the data acquisition card.

本发明的有益效果是，与现有的技术相比，本发明结构紧凑,能模拟液态金属的重力浇铸、振动浇铸和重力浇铸充型过程，且参数调节方便，灵活性和实用性强，测试参数多、能为铸造工艺方案的选择、浇注***的设计及铸造缺陷的形成机理、振动浇铸机理研究和浇铸规律研究提供可靠数据，并能为浇铸设备驱动机构方案设计与优化、整机开发等研究工作提供试验数据和进行原理样机验证。试验结果可通过测量装置、振动台、模拟砂箱和试验浇包中安装的传感器获取，且试验参数可由计算机自动采集、分析和转换。本发明可以根据不同的工况、浇注***和铸型有针对性地制定试验方案，得到有规律的结论，且具有研究不受环境和场地等因素的制约，易于操作、成本低等诸多优点，可克服现有技术的缺陷。The invention has the advantages that the invention has compact structure and can simulate gravity casting, vibration casting and gravity casting filling process of liquid metal, and has convenient parameter adjustment, flexibility and practicability, and testing. Many parameters, can choose casting process plan, design of casting system and formation mechanism of casting defects, vibration casting mechanism research and casting Regular research provides reliable data, and can provide test data and prototype verification for research work on design and optimization of casting equipment drive mechanism and machine development. The test results can be obtained by sensors installed in the measuring device, the shaking table, the simulated flask and the test ladle, and the test parameters can be automatically collected, analyzed and converted by the computer. The invention can formulate a test plan according to different working conditions, a pouring system and a casting mold, obtains regular conclusions, and has researches that are not restricted by factors such as environment and site, and are easy to operate, low in cost, and the like. The drawbacks of the prior art can be overcome.

附图说明DRAWINGS

图1为本发明的总体结构示意图；Figure 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention;

图2为本发明的试验浇包与倾倒装置之间的连接关系示意图；2 is a schematic view showing the connection relationship between the test ladle and the pouring device of the present invention;

图3为本发明的试验浇包的结构示意图；3 is a schematic structural view of a test ladle according to the present invention;

图4为本发明的振动台与模拟砂箱之间的连接关系示意图。Figure 4 is a schematic view showing the connection relationship between the vibrating table and the simulated flask according to the present invention.

具体实施方式Detailed ways

为了使本发明所实现的技术手段、创作特征、达成目的与功效易于明白了解，下面结合具体实施例和图示，进一步阐述本发明。In order to facilitate the understanding of the technical means, the inventive features, the objects and the effects achieved by the present invention, the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the specific embodiments and the drawings.

如图1、图2、图3和图4所示，一种重力浇铸模拟试验台，包括底座1、浇包架2、试验浇包3、倾倒装置4、振动台5、模拟砂箱6和测量装置7。其中，所述的浇包架2位于底座1的中部，且与底座1通过螺钉相固连；所述的试验浇包3安装在浇包架2上，试验浇包3的两侧与浇包架2通过铰链相连接；所述的倾倒装置4位于底座1的后方，所述的倾倒装置4的底部通过螺钉固定安装在底座1上，所述的倾倒装置4的前端与试验浇包3通过铰链相连接；所述的振动台5位于底座1的前端，且与底座1固连；所述的模拟砂箱6固定安装在振动台5的顶部；所述的测量装置7位于底座1的前方一侧，所述的测量装置7通过滑块固定安装在底座1上，且可沿着底座前后移动。As shown in FIG. 1, FIG. 2, FIG. 3 and FIG. 4, a gravity casting simulation test bench comprises a base 1, a ladle frame 2, a test ladle 3, a pouring device 4, a vibrating table 5, a simulated sand box 6 and Measuring device 7. Wherein, the ladle frame 2 is located in the middle of the base 1 and is fixed to the base 1 by screws; the test ladle 3 is mounted on the ladle frame 2, and the sides of the ladle 3 are tested with the ladle The frame 2 is connected by a hinge; the pouring device 4 is located at the rear of the base 1, the bottom of the pouring device 4 is fixedly mounted on the base 1 by screws, and the front end of the pouring device 4 passes through the test ladle 3 The hinges are connected; the vibrating table 5 is located at the front end of the base 1 and is fixedly coupled to the base 1; the simulated sand box 6 is fixedly mounted on the top of the vibrating table 5; the measuring device 7 is located in front of the base 1. On one side, the measuring device 7 is fixedly mounted on the base 1 by a slider and is movable back and forth along the base.

如图1和图2所示，所述的浇包架2包括中立柱21、顶梁22、横梁23和升降装置24，用于支撑和安装试验浇包3。其中，所述的中立柱21有四根，且通过角码和螺钉对称固定安装在底座1上，所述的顶梁22固定安装在左右两根中立柱21的顶部，所述的横梁23安装在前后两根中立柱21之间，所述的横梁23与中立柱21之间通过移动副相连接，且可沿着中立柱21上下滑移，在横梁23的中部还设有用于与试验浇包3相连接的回转销轴231；所述的升降装置24有两个，且对称布置在底座1的左右两侧，用于驱动横梁23和试验浇包3沿着中立柱21升降；所述的升降装置24的底部与底座1固连，升降装置24的顶部与横梁23通过铰链相连接；在横梁23的回转销轴231上还设有三维力传感器和角度传感器，用于测量试验浇包3和倾倒装置4施加给横梁23的力。所述的升降装置24采用电动推杆或液压缸或电液缸或气缸。As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the ladle frame 2 includes a center pillar 21, a top beam 22, a beam 23, and a lifting device 24 for supporting and mounting the test ladle 3. The middle column 21 has four, and is fixedly mounted on the base 1 by a corner code and a screw. The top beam 22 is fixedly mounted on the top of the left and right center pillars 21, and the beam 23 is installed. Between the two front and rear center pillars 21, the cross beam 23 and the center pillar 21 are connected by a moving sub-phase, and can be slid down along the center pillar 21, and is also provided in the middle of the beam 23 for testing and pouring. a rotary pin 231 connected to the package 3; the lifting device 24 has two, and is symmetrically arranged on the left and right sides of the base 1, for driving the beam 23 and the test ladle 3 to rise and fall along the center column 21; The bottom of the lifting device 24 is fixedly connected to the base 1. The top of the lifting device 24 is connected to the beam 23 by a hinge. On the rotating pin 231 of the beam 23, a three-dimensional force sensor and an angle sensor are also provided for measuring the test ladle. 3 and the force applied by the pouring device 4 to the beam 23. The lifting device 24 uses an electric push rod or a hydraulic cylinder or an electric liquid cylinder or a cylinder.

如图1、图2和图3所示，在所述的试验浇包3的顶部前方设有浇包嘴31，在所述的试验浇包3中部两侧均设有固定销轴套32；在所述的固定销轴套32的上下两侧分别设有侧上T型槽33和侧下T型槽34，在所述的侧上T型槽33和侧下T型槽34外分别固定安装有上活动销轴套35和下活动销轴套36，所述的上活动销轴套35和下活动销轴套36均通过T型螺钉与试验浇包3相连接；在所述的试验浇包3的后侧面上还设有后上T型槽37和后下T型槽38；在所述的后上T型槽37和后下T型槽38外分别固定安装有上耳座39和下耳座310，且所述的上耳座39和下耳座310均通过T型螺钉与试验浇包3相连接；所述的试验浇包3通过固定销轴套32或上活动销轴套35或下活动回转销36与横梁23上的回转销轴231相连接；在所述的试验浇包3内设有温度传感器、电加热器和电加热温控器。所述的固定销轴套32、上活动销轴套35和下活动销轴套36均可与横梁23上的回转销轴231相配合，且上活动销轴套35和下活动销轴套36可分别在侧上T型槽33和侧下T型槽34内滑移调节并固定，用于调节试验浇包3在倾倒时回转轴线的位置，可用于研究试验浇包3的不同回转轴线对液态金属浇铸形态和充型效果的影响，以及试验浇包3的不同回转轴线对倾倒装置4的结构和驱动力的影响。上耳座39和下耳座310也可分别在后上T型槽37和后下T型槽38内滑移调节并固定，用于调节倾倒装置4与试验浇包3的上下两个连接铰链的位置，进而调节倾倒装置4对试验浇包3施加倾倒力的角度，可用于研究倾倒装置4的施力形式、方向、维数等参数对试验浇包3的倾倒浇铸的影响，进而可用于倾倒装置4的机构类型综合、分析和优化研究与验证。As shown in Figure 1, Figure 2 and Figure 3, in the front of the test ladle 3 is provided with a pouring spout 31, on both sides of the test ladle 3 are provided with a fixed pin bushing 32; On the upper and lower sides of the fixing pin bushing 32, a side upper T-shaped groove 33 and a side lower T-shaped groove 34 are respectively provided, and the T-shaped groove 33 and the side lower T-shaped groove 34 are respectively fixed on the side. Mounted with upper movable pin bushing 35 and lower The movable pin bushing 36, the upper movable pin bushing 35 and the lower movable pin bushing 36 are connected to the test ladle 3 by a T-shaped screw; and the rear side of the test ladle 3 is further provided with a rear upper T-shaped groove 37 and a rear lower T-shaped groove 38; an upper ear seat 39 and a lower ear seat 310 are fixedly mounted outside the rear upper T-shaped groove 37 and the rear lower T-shaped groove 38, respectively, and the Both the upper ear seat 39 and the lower ear seat 310 are connected to the test ladle 3 by a T-screw; the test ladle 3 is passed through the fixing pin bushing 32 or the upper movable pin bushing 35 or the lower movable turning pin 36 and the beam. The rotary pin 231 on the 23 is connected; in the test ladle 3, a temperature sensor, an electric heater and an electric heating thermostat are provided. The fixed pin bushing 32, the upper movable pin bushing 35 and the lower movable pin bushing 36 can both cooperate with the turning pin shaft 231 on the beam 23, and the upper movable pin bushing 35 and the lower movable pin bushing 36 It can be separately adjusted and fixed in the side upper T-shaped groove 33 and the side lower T-shaped groove 34 for adjusting the position of the rotary axis of the test ladle 3 during pouring, and can be used to study different rotary axis pairs of the test ladle 3 The influence of the liquid metal casting form and the filling effect, and the influence of the different rotation axes of the test ladle 3 on the structure and driving force of the pouring device 4. The upper ear seat 39 and the lower ear seat 310 can also be slidably adjusted and fixed in the rear upper T-shaped groove 37 and the rear lower T-shaped groove 38, respectively, for adjusting the upper and lower connecting hinges of the pouring device 4 and the test ladle 3 The position, and thus the angle at which the pouring device 4 applies a dumping force to the test ladle 3, can be used to study the influence of the application form, direction, dimension and other parameters of the pouring device 4 on the pouring casting of the test ladle 3, and then can be used for The mechanism type synthesis, analysis and optimization research and verification of the dumping device 4.

如图1和图2所示，所述的倾倒装置4包括后立柱41、上伸缩杆42和下伸缩杆43，用于驱动试验浇包3绕回转销轴231的轴线旋转，并实现倾倒浇铸。其中，所述的后立柱41用于安装和支撑上伸缩杆42和下伸缩杆43，所述的后立柱41的底部通过角码和螺钉固定安装在底座1上，在所述的后立柱41的前侧面上设有刻度尺，用于标定和测量上伸缩杆42和下伸缩杆43后端在后立柱41的安装位置；所述的上伸缩杆42的后端通过铰链与后立柱41相连接，上伸缩杆42的前端通过铰链与上耳座39相连接；所述的下伸缩杆43的后端通过铰链与后立柱41相连接，下伸缩杆43的前端通过铰链与下耳座310相连接。所述的上伸缩杆42和下伸缩杆43采用电动推杆或液压缸或电液缸或气缸。As shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, the pouring device 4 includes a rear pillar 41, an upper telescopic rod 42 and a lower telescopic rod 43 for driving the test ladle 3 to rotate about the axis of the rotary pin shaft 231, and realizes pouring and casting. . Wherein, the rear pillar 41 is used for mounting and supporting the upper telescopic rod 42 and the lower telescopic rod 43, and the bottom of the rear pillar 41 is fixedly mounted on the base 1 by a corner code and a screw, and the rear pillar 41 is A scale is provided on the front side for calibrating and measuring the mounting position of the rear end of the upper telescopic rod 42 and the lower telescopic rod 43 in the rear pillar 41; the rear end of the upper telescopic rod 42 is hinged to the rear pillar 41. The front end of the upper telescopic rod 42 is connected to the upper lug 39 by a hinge; the rear end of the lower telescopic rod 43 is connected to the rear pillar 41 by a hinge, and the front end of the lower telescopic rod 43 passes through the hinge and the lower lug 310. Connected. The upper telescopic rod 42 and the lower telescopic rod 43 are electrically driven or hydraulic cylinders or electro-hydraulic cylinders or cylinders.

如图1和图4所示，所述的模拟砂箱6用于替代铸造成型试验中的砂箱与铸型，并在模拟砂箱6内安装试验用的不同类型的浇注***和铸型，以研究不同类型的浇注***和铸型对液态金属充型过程的影响。在所述的模拟砂箱6的顶部中间设有浇口杯61，在所述的模拟砂箱6的顶部前方设有两个对称布置的明冒口62，在所述的模拟砂箱6内设有试验用可更换的浇注***和铸型，在所述的浇口杯61内设有流速仪，用于测量试验过程中模拟液态金属的水、泥浆或甘油等介质的注入时的流速和流量参数。所述的模拟砂箱6、浇口杯61和明冒口62及安装在模拟砂箱6内的浇注***和铸型均由透明有机玻璃材料或全透明亚克力材料制成，以便于试验人员在试验中进行目测观察或运用高速摄像机72拍照。As shown in FIGS. 1 and 4, the simulated sand box 6 is used to replace the sand box and the mold in the casting molding test, and the different types of casting systems and molds for the test are installed in the simulated flask 6. To study the effects of different types of gating systems and molds on the filling process of liquid metals. A sprue cup 61 is disposed in the middle of the top of the simulated sand box 6, and two symmetrically arranged risers 62 are provided in front of the top of the simulated flask 6 in the simulated flask 6 A testable replaceable casting system and a mold are provided, and a flow meter is provided in the pouring cup 61 for measuring the flow rate of the medium of water, mud or glycerin which simulates liquid metal during the test. Flow parameters. The simulated sand box 6, the pouring cup 61 and the riser 62, and the casting system and the mold installed in the simulated sand box 6 are all made of transparent plexiglass material or fully transparent acrylic material, so that the tester can Visual observations were taken during the test or photographed using a high speed camera 72.

如图1所示，所述的测量装置7包括测量支架71、高速摄像机72和激光位移传感器73。其中，所述的测量支架71的底部通过滑块固定安装在底座1上，用于安装高速摄像机72、激光位移传感器73或其它需要临时安装的测量仪器；所述的测量支架71可沿着底座1前后移动，用以调节前后方向的测量位置；在测量支架71的底部还设有锁紧螺钉，用于固定测量支架71。所述的高速摄像机72安装在测量支架71的上端，用于测量模拟液态金属的水、泥浆或甘油等介质及夹杂物在浇铸过程中的位移和轨迹；所述的高速摄像机72与测量支架71之间通过倾角可调节支座721相连接，可通过倾角可调节支座721调节高速摄像机72的拍摄角度。所述的激光位移传感器73位于高速摄像机72的下方，用于测量模拟液态金属的水、泥浆或甘油等介质及夹杂物在浇铸过程中的位置和厚度信息；所述的激光位移传感器73通过其尾部的T型可锁紧螺钉安装在测量支架71上，便于在测量支架71上调节高度。在所述的底座1上安装测量支架71的一侧设有刻度尺，用于测量和标记测量支架71在底座上的位置。As shown in FIG. 1, the measuring device 7 includes a measuring stand 71, a high speed camera 72, and a laser displacement sensor 73. Wherein, the bottom of the measuring bracket 71 is fixedly mounted on the base 1 by a slider for mounting a high speed camera 72, a laser displacement sensor 73 or other measuring instruments that need to be temporarily installed; the measuring bracket 71 can be along the base 1 move back and forth for The measuring position in the front-rear direction is adjusted; and a locking screw is further provided at the bottom of the measuring bracket 71 for fixing the measuring bracket 71. The high speed camera 72 is mounted on the upper end of the measuring bracket 71 for measuring the displacement and trajectory of the medium, such as water, mud or glycerol, simulating liquid metal during the casting process; the high speed camera 72 and the measuring bracket 71 The tilting adjustable support 721 is connected to each other, and the tilting adjustable mount 721 can adjust the shooting angle of the high speed camera 72. The laser displacement sensor 73 is located below the high speed camera 72 for measuring the position and thickness information of the medium, such as water, mud or glycerol, simulating liquid metal during the casting process; the laser displacement sensor 73 passes through A T-shaped lockable screw at the rear is mounted on the measuring bracket 71 to facilitate height adjustment on the measuring bracket 71. A side on which the measuring stand 71 is mounted on the base 1 is provided with a scale for measuring and marking the position of the measuring stand 71 on the base.

如图1和图4所示，所述的振动台5包括可伸缩支腿51、工作台52和振动电机53。其中，所述的可伸缩支腿51有四个，且对称布置在底座1上，用于支撑并调节工作台52的高度；所述的可伸缩支腿51的底部与底座1通过螺钉相固连，可伸缩支腿51的顶部与工作台52之间通过球铰链相连接。所述的振动电机53有两台，且均固定安装在工作台52的底部，为工作台52的振动提供激振动力；在所述的工作台52的顶部设有称重传感器，用于测量安装在工作台上的模拟砂箱6的重量的变化及注入模拟砂箱6内模拟液态金属的介质的重量；在工作台52的下方还设有加速度传感器，用于实时测量工作台52的位移、速度和加速度。两台振动电机53的轴线相互平行，且两台振动电机53的规格型号完全相同，且在工作时保持同步反向旋转。所述的可伸缩支腿51采用双作用液压缸或双作用电液缸或双作用气缸，如此设计使得可伸缩支腿51还兼有减振器的功能。As shown in FIGS. 1 and 4, the vibrating table 5 includes a telescopic leg 51, a table 52, and a vibration motor 53. Wherein, the telescopic legs 51 have four and are symmetrically arranged on the base 1 for supporting and adjusting the height of the table 52; the bottom of the telescopic legs 51 and the base 1 are fixed by screws Further, the top of the retractable leg 51 is connected to the table 52 by a ball hinge. The vibration motor 53 has two units, and is fixedly mounted on the bottom of the table 52 to provide an exciting vibration force for the vibration of the table 52. A weighing sensor is provided at the top of the table 52 for measuring The change in the weight of the simulated flask 6 mounted on the table and the weight of the medium simulating the liquid metal in the simulated flask 6; an acceleration sensor is also provided below the table 52 for measuring the displacement of the table 52 in real time. , speed and acceleration. The axes of the two vibration motors 53 are parallel to each other, and the specifications of the two vibration motors 53 are identical, and the synchronous reverse rotation is maintained during operation. The telescopic leg 51 adopts a double-acting hydraulic cylinder or a double-acting electro-hydraulic cylinder or a double-acting cylinder, and is designed such that the telescopic leg 51 also functions as a damper.

使用时，先根据不同试验内容选择不同的模拟液态金属的介质类型和试验浇包3的加热温度，根据具体试验的需要分别调节倾倒装置4中上伸缩杆42和下伸缩杆43的前后两端在试验浇包3和后立柱41上的位置，确定上活动销轴套35在侧上T型槽33中的位置或下活动销轴套36在侧下T型槽34内的位置并锁紧固定，调节好测量支架71在底座1上的位置以及高速摄像机72和激光位移传感器73等测量仪器在测量支架71上的位置，调节好模拟砂箱6在振动台5上的位置，并根据试验的需要确定是否选择振动浇铸模式以及确定振动台5的振动方向、频率和振幅等参数。各项参数调节完成后，将试验用的浇注***及铸型固定安装在模拟砂箱6内，并确保浇注***与浇口杯61之间连接可靠；然后，将调试好的模拟液态金属的水、泥浆或甘油等介质倒入试验浇包3内并加热至设定温度，然后启动倾倒装置4驱动试验浇包3转动，执行浇铸试验任务。When using, first select different medium types of simulated liquid metal and heating temperature of the test ladle 3 according to different test contents, and adjust the front and rear ends of the upper telescopic rod 42 and the lower telescopic rod 43 in the pouring device 4 according to the requirements of the specific test. At the position on the test ladle 3 and the rear post 41, the position of the upper movable pin bushing 35 in the side upper T-shaped groove 33 or the position of the lower movable pin bushing 36 in the side lower T-shaped groove 34 is determined and locked. Fixing, adjusting the position of the measuring bracket 71 on the base 1 and the position of the measuring instrument such as the high-speed camera 72 and the laser displacement sensor 73 on the measuring bracket 71, adjusting the position of the simulated flask 6 on the vibrating table 5, and according to the test It is necessary to determine whether to select the vibration casting mode and to determine parameters such as the vibration direction, frequency and amplitude of the vibrating table 5. After the adjustment of each parameter is completed, the test pouring system and the mold are fixedly installed in the simulated sand box 6, and the connection between the pouring system and the pouring cup 61 is ensured; then, the water of the simulated liquid metal is debugged. The medium such as mud or glycerin is poured into the test ladle 3 and heated to the set temperature, and then the pouring device 4 is started to drive the test ladle 3 to rotate, and the casting test task is performed.

在执行振动浇铸试验任务时，通过改变振动电机53在工作台52上的安装位置、方向和振动电机53的工作时序，可使工作台52产生不同方向和类型的振动。三维力传感器、角度传感器、温度传感器、流速仪、激光位移传感器73、加速度传感器以及高速摄像机72所拍摄的图像信息等均通过数据采集卡传输给计算机和控制器。When the vibration casting test task is performed, the table 52 can be caused to vibrate in different directions and types by changing the mounting position, direction of the vibration motor 53 on the table 52, and the operation timing of the vibration motor 53. 3D force sensor, angle sensor, temperature sensor, flow meter, laser displacement sensor 73, acceleration sensor, and image taken by high speed camera 72 Information such as information is transmitted to the computer and controller through the data acquisition card.

在本发明的描述中，需要理解的是，术语“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”、“水平”、“顶”、“底”、“内”、“外”、“前”、“后”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", " The orientation or positional relationship of the front, the rear, and the like is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is merely for the convenience of describing the present invention and the simplified description, and does not indicate or imply that the device or component referred to has a specific The orientation, construction and operation in a particular orientation are not to be construed as limiting the invention.

以上显示和描述了本发明的基本原理、主要特征和优点。本行业的技术人员应该了解，本发明不受上述实施例的限制，上述实施例和说明书中描述的只是说明本发明的原理，在不脱离本发明精神和范围的前提下，本发明还会有各种变化和改进，这些变化和改进都落入要求保护的本发明范围内。本发明要求保护范围由所附的权利要求书及其等效物界定。 The basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention have been shown and described above. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited by the foregoing embodiments, and that the present invention is only described in the foregoing description and the description of the present invention, without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Various changes and modifications are intended to be included within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

一种重力浇铸模拟试验台，包括底座、浇包架、试验浇包、倾倒装置、振动台、模拟砂箱和测量装置，其特征在于：所述的浇包架位于底座的中部，且与底座通过螺钉相固连；所述的试验浇包安装在浇包架上，试验浇包的两侧与浇包架通过铰链相连接；所述的倾倒装置位于底座的后方，所述的倾倒装置的底部固定安装在底座上，所述的倾倒装置的前端与试验浇包通过铰链相连接；所述的振动台位于底座的前端，且与底座固连；所述的模拟砂箱固定安装在振动台的顶部；所述的测量装置位于底座的前方一侧，所述的测量装置通过滑块固定安装在底座上，且可沿着底座前后移动；A gravity casting simulation test bench comprises a base, a ladle frame, a test ladle, a dumping device, a vibration table, a simulated sand box and a measuring device, wherein the ladle frame is located in the middle of the base and is connected to the base The test ladle is mounted on the ladle frame, and the two sides of the test ladle are connected to the ladle frame by a hinge; the pouring device is located at the rear of the base, and the pouring device is The bottom is fixedly mounted on the base, and the front end of the dumping device is connected to the test ladle through a hinge; the vibrating table is located at the front end of the base and is fixedly connected to the base; the simulated sand box is fixedly mounted on the vibrating table The measuring device is located on the front side of the base, and the measuring device is fixedly mounted on the base by the slider and can move back and forth along the base;

所述的浇包架包括中立柱、顶梁、横梁和升降装置，所述的中立柱有四根，且对称固定安装在底座上，所述的顶梁固定安装在左右两根中立柱的顶部，所述的横梁安装在前后两根中立柱之间，所述的横梁与中立柱之间通过移动副相连接，且可沿着中立柱上下滑移，在横梁的中部还设有回转销轴；所述的升降装置有两个，且对称布置在底座的左右两侧，所述的升降装置的底部与底座固连，升降装置的顶部与横梁通过铰链相连接；在横梁的回转销轴上还设有三维力传感器和角度传感器；The ladle frame comprises a middle column, a top beam, a beam and a lifting device. The center column has four pieces and is symmetrically fixedly mounted on the base. The top beam is fixedly mounted on the top of the left and right center columns. The beam is installed between the two front and rear center pillars, and the beam and the center pillar are connected by a moving pair, and can slide down along the center pillar, and a turning pin is further arranged in the middle of the beam. There are two lifting devices, which are symmetrically arranged on the left and right sides of the base, the bottom of the lifting device is fixedly connected with the base, and the top of the lifting device is connected with the beam by a hinge; on the rotating pin of the beam There are also three-dimensional force sensors and angle sensors;

在所述的试验浇包的顶部前方设有浇包嘴，在所述的试验浇包中部两侧均设有固定销轴套；在所述的固定销轴套的上下两侧分别设有侧上T型槽和侧下T型槽，在所述的侧上T型槽和侧下T型槽外分别固定安装有上活动销轴套和下活动销轴套，所述的上活动销轴套和下活动销轴套均通过T型螺钉与试验浇包相连接；在所述的试验浇包的后侧面上还设有后上T型槽和后下T型槽；在所述的后上T型槽和后下T型槽外分别固定安装有上耳座和下耳座，且所述的上耳座和下耳座均通过T型螺钉与试验浇包相连接；所述的试验浇包通过固定销轴套或上活动销轴套或下活动销轴套与横梁上的回转销轴相连接；在所述的试验浇包内设有温度传感器、电加热器和电加热温控器；a pouring spout is arranged in front of the top of the test ladle, and a fixing pin bushing is arranged on both sides of the test ladle; and a side is arranged on the upper and lower sides of the fixing pin bushing respectively The upper T-shaped groove and the lower lower T-shaped groove are respectively fixedly mounted with an upper movable pin bushing and a lower movable pin bushing outside the side upper T-shaped groove and the side lower T-shaped groove, wherein the upper movable pin shaft Both the sleeve and the lower movable pin bushing are connected to the test ladle by a T-screw; and a rear upper T-shaped groove and a rear lower T-shaped groove are further provided on the rear side of the test ladle; The upper ear seat and the lower ear seat are fixedly mounted on the outer side of the upper T-shaped groove and the lower rear T-shaped groove, and the upper ear seat and the lower ear seat are connected to the test ladle by a T-shaped screw; The ladle is connected to the rotating pin shaft on the beam by a fixing pin bushing or an upper movable pin bushing or a lower movable pin bushing; a temperature sensor, an electric heater and an electric heating temperature control are arranged in the test ladle Device

所述的倾倒装置包括后立柱、上伸缩杆和下伸缩杆，所述的后立柱的底部固定安装在底座上，在所述的后立柱的前侧面上设有刻度尺；所述的上伸缩杆的后端通过铰链与后立柱相连接，上伸缩杆的前端通过铰链与上耳座相连接；所述的下伸缩杆的后端通过铰链与后立柱相连接，下伸缩杆的前端通过铰链与下耳座相连接；The pouring device comprises a rear pillar, an upper telescopic rod and a lower telescopic rod, wherein the bottom of the rear pillar is fixedly mounted on the base, and a scale is arranged on the front side of the rear pillar; The rear end of the rod is connected to the rear pillar through a hinge, and the front end of the upper telescopic rod is connected to the upper lug by a hinge; the rear end of the lower telescopic rod is connected with the rear pillar through a hinge, and the front end of the lower telescopic rod passes through the hinge Connected to the lower ear seat;

在所述的模拟砂箱的顶部中间设有浇口杯，在所述的模拟砂箱的顶部前方设有两个对称布置的明冒口，在所述的模拟砂箱内设有试验用可更换的浇注***和铸型，在所述的浇口杯内设有流速仪；a pouring cup is arranged in the middle of the top of the simulated sand box, and two symmetrically arranged rising risers are arranged in front of the top of the simulated sand box, and a test can be provided in the simulated sand box. a replacement gating system and a mold having a flow meter in the pouring cup;

所述的测量装置包括测量支架、高速摄像机和激光位移传感器，所述的测量支架的底部通过滑块固定安装在底座上，且可沿着底座前后移动，在测量支架的底部还设有锁紧螺钉；所述的高速摄像机安装在测量支架的上端，且与测量支架之间通过倾角可调节支座相连接；所述的激光位移传感器位于高速摄像机的下方，所述的激光位移传感器通过其尾部的T型可锁紧螺钉安装在测量支架上。 The measuring device comprises a measuring bracket, a high speed camera and a laser displacement sensor, wherein the bottom of the measuring bracket is fixedly mounted on the base by a slider, and can move back and forth along the base, and the bottom of the measuring bracket is further provided with a locking a high-speed camera mounted on the upper end of the measuring bracket and connected to the measuring bracket by an inclined adjustable support; the laser displacement sensor is located below the high speed camera, and the laser displacement sensor passes through the tail The T-type lockable screw is mounted on the measuring bracket.
根据权利要求1所述的一种重力浇铸模拟试验台，其特征在于：所述的振动台包括可伸缩支腿、工作台和振动电机，所述的可伸缩支腿有四个，且对称布置在底座上，所述的可伸缩支腿的底部与底座通过螺钉相固连，可伸缩支腿的顶部与工作台之间通过球铰链相连接；所述的振动电机有两台，且均固定安装在工作台的底部；在所述的工作台的顶部设有称重传感器，在工作台的下方还设有加速度传感器。A gravity casting simulation test bench according to claim 1, wherein said vibration table comprises a telescopic leg, a table and a vibration motor, and said telescopic legs have four and are symmetrically arranged. On the base, the bottom of the telescopic leg is fixed to the base by screws, and the top of the telescopic leg is connected with the workbench through a ball hinge; the vibration motor has two sets and is fixed It is installed at the bottom of the workbench; there is a load cell at the top of the workbench, and an acceleration sensor is also arranged below the workbench.
根据权利要求1所述的一种重力浇铸模拟试验台，其特征在于：所述的模拟砂箱、浇口杯、明冒口、浇注***和铸型均由透明有机玻璃材料或全透明亚克力材料制成。The gravity casting simulation test bench according to claim 1, wherein the simulated sand box, the pouring cup, the riser, the pouring system and the mold are all made of transparent plexiglass material or fully transparent acrylic material. production.
根据权利要求2所述的一种重力浇铸模拟试验台，其特征在于：两台振动电机的轴线相互平行，且两台振动电机的规格型号完全相同。A gravity casting simulation test rig according to claim 2, wherein the axes of the two vibration motors are parallel to each other, and the specifications of the two vibration motors are identical.
根据权利要求1所述的一种重力浇铸模拟试验台，其特征在于：所述的升降装置、上伸缩杆和下伸缩杆采用电动推杆或液压缸或电液缸或气缸。A gravity casting simulation test stand according to claim 1, wherein said lifting device, upper telescopic rod and lower telescopic rod adopt an electric push rod or a hydraulic cylinder or an electro-hydraulic cylinder or a cylinder.
根据权利要求2所述的一种重力浇铸模拟试验台，其特征在于：所述的可伸缩支腿采用双作用液压缸或双作用电液缸或双作用气缸。 A gravity casting simulation test rig according to claim 2, wherein said retractable legs are double-acting hydraulic cylinders or double-acting electro-hydraulic cylinders or double-acting cylinders.