WO2019042371A1 - 光信号传输***及光信号传输方法 - Google Patents

光信号传输***及光信号传输方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019042371A1
WO2019042371A1 PCT/CN2018/103313 CN2018103313W WO2019042371A1 WO 2019042371 A1 WO2019042371 A1 WO 2019042371A1 CN 2018103313 W CN2018103313 W CN 2018103313W WO 2019042371 A1 WO2019042371 A1 WO 2019042371A1
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signal
optical
coherent
optical signal
modulation
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PCT/CN2018/103313
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English (en)
French (fr)
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周谞
邓宁
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华为技术有限公司
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Priority to EP18850409.6A priority Critical patent/EP3672112B1/en
Publication of WO2019042371A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019042371A1/zh
Priority to US16/805,220 priority patent/US11082131B2/en
Priority to US17/378,329 priority patent/US11652553B2/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/40—Transceivers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/50—Transmitters
    • H04B10/516—Details of coding or modulation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/50—Transmitters
    • H04B10/516—Details of coding or modulation
    • H04B10/5161—Combination of different modulation schemes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/50—Transmitters
    • H04B10/516—Details of coding or modulation
    • H04B10/532—Polarisation modulation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/50—Transmitters
    • H04B10/516—Details of coding or modulation
    • H04B10/548—Phase or frequency modulation
    • H04B10/556—Digital modulation, e.g. differential phase shift keying [DPSK] or frequency shift keying [FSK]
    • H04B10/5563—Digital frequency modulation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/60—Receivers
    • H04B10/61—Coherent receivers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/60—Receivers
    • H04B10/61—Coherent receivers
    • H04B10/614—Coherent receivers comprising one or more polarization beam splitters, e.g. polarization multiplexed [PolMux] X-PSK coherent receivers, polarization diversity heterodyne coherent receivers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/60—Receivers
    • H04B10/61—Coherent receivers
    • H04B10/615—Arrangements affecting the optical part of the receiver
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/60—Receivers
    • H04B10/61—Coherent receivers
    • H04B10/616—Details of the electronic signal processing in coherent optical receivers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/60—Receivers
    • H04B10/61—Coherent receivers
    • H04B10/64—Heterodyne, i.e. coherent receivers where, after the opto-electronic conversion, an electrical signal at an intermediate frequency [IF] is obtained
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
    • H04J14/00—Optical multiplex systems
    • H04J14/02—Wavelength-division multiplex systems
    • H04J14/0201—Add-and-drop multiplexing
    • H04J14/0202—Arrangements therefor

Definitions

  • Embodiments of the present invention relate to the field of optical communication technologies, and in particular, to an optical signal transmission system and an optical signal transmission method.
  • ultra dense wavelength division multiplexing passive optical network UDWDM-PON
  • UDWDM-PON ultra dense wavelength division multiplexing passive optical network
  • the network may include: an optical line terminal (OLT), an optical splitter, an optical fiber, an optical splitter, and a splitter.
  • the OLT may include multiple optical transceiver units, each of which includes an encoder, a differential quadrature phase shift keying (DQPSK) modulator, an adder, a digital to analog converter, and coherent light.
  • DQPSK differential quadrature phase shift keying
  • a modulator each ONU may include a coherent optical receiver, a digital signal processing unit, and a decoder
  • the coherent optical receiver may include a polarization beam splitter (PBS) and a 90° optical hybrid (optical hybrid) ).
  • PBS polarization beam splitter
  • 90° optical hybrid optical hybrid
  • each transceiver unit in the OLT a plurality of data are encoded, DQPSK modulated, and combined into a signal by an adder, and the combined signals are subjected to digital-to-analog conversion and in-phase quadrature modulator (IQ).
  • IQ digital-to-analog conversion and in-phase quadrature modulator
  • the signal is divided into multiple optical signals, and the split optical signals are correspondingly sent to the ONU, and the ONU receives the signal light through a coherent optical receiver, and recovers the in-phase information and the orthogonal phase information in each polarization state of the optical signal, and The recovered information is digitally processed and decoded to obtain data carried in the optical signal.
  • Embodiments of the present invention provide an optical signal transmission system and an optical signal transmission method to solve the problem of high equipment cost in the existing optical signal transmission system.
  • the embodiment of the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
  • an optical signal transmission system including:
  • a first coherent transceiver for converting N downlink data into N modulation signals, wherein the frequencies of the N modulation signals are different, and one of the N modulation signals includes: the first sub-position in the first polarization state a signal and a second sub-signal in a second polarization state, wherein the first polarization state and the second polarization state are orthogonal, and the first sub-signal and the second sub-signal carry all the information included in the downlink data corresponding to the path modulation signal;
  • the first coherent transceiver is further configured to convert the N modulated signal into the first wavelength division multiplexed signal, and send the first wavelength division multiplexed signal to the optical transmission unit, where the first wavelength division multiplexed signal includes the N path a first optical signal, and the N first optical signal corresponds to the N modulated signal;
  • An optical transmission unit configured to receive a first wavelength division multiplexed signal sent by the first coherent transceiver, and convert the first wavelength division multiplexed signal into N second optical signals by using a transmission process, to the N second coherent transceivers Corresponding to sending N second optical signals;
  • the N second coherent transceivers are configured to receive the N second optical signals sent by the optical transmission unit, and process the N second optical signals to obtain information in the downlink data carried by the N second optical signals, where The second coherent transceivers are configured to process the second optical signal of the i-th channel to obtain information in the downlink data carried by the second optical signal of the i-th channel, where i is an integer greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to N.
  • the coherent transceiver of the central office (such as the second coherent transceiver) performs space-time block coding on the downlink data, and encodes the data into different polarization states, and The signal in each polarization state carries all the information included in the downlink data.
  • the coherent transceiver at the opposite end can receive in any polarization state.
  • the optical signal, the optical signal is coupled and digital signal processed to obtain information carried by the signal, and the polarization beam splitter is not required to be designed at the coherent transceiver at the receiving end, thereby reducing the design cost of the coherent transceiver at the receiving end.
  • the first coherent transceiver includes:
  • the N-group processing unit is configured to respectively perform symbol modulation, space-time block coding, and frequency domain modulation on the N downlink data, and output an N-channel modulated signal, where the i-th processing unit is configured to use the i-th downlink data. Symbol modulation, space-time block coding processing, and frequency domain modulation are performed to form an i-th modulation signal and output.
  • the i-th processing unit includes:
  • a symbol modulating unit configured to perform symbol modulation on the i-th downlink data, form a signal including at least one symbol, and output the signal;
  • a space-time block coding unit configured to perform polarization and time-space space-time coding on a signal output by the symbol modulation unit, and form a space-time coded signal and output the signal;
  • the frequency domain modulation unit is configured to perform frequency domain modulation on the space-time coded signal output by the space-time block coding unit to form an i-th modulation signal and output the same.
  • the first coherent transceiver further includes:
  • the combining unit is configured to combine the N modulated signals output by the N sets of processing units to form a combined signal and output the same;
  • the digital-to-analog converter is configured to perform digital-to-analog conversion on the combined signal output by the combining unit to form an analog signal and output the same;
  • the coherent modulator is configured to coherently modulate an analog signal output by the first optical carrier to the digital-to-analog conversion unit to form a first wavelength division multiplexed signal and output the same.
  • multiple downlink data can be transmitted through wavelength division multiplexing.
  • i second coherent transceivers including:
  • a coupler for coupling the local oscillator and the second optical signal received by the ith second coherent transceiver to form at least one coupled optical signal for output;
  • a photoelectric conversion component configured to photoelectrically convert at least one coupled optical signal output by the coupler to form at least one electrical signal and output the same;
  • the digital signal processing unit is configured to perform digital signal processing on the at least one electrical signal output by the photoelectric conversion component, and demodulate information in the downlink data carried by the second optical signal.
  • the information carried by the optical signal can be demodulated at the receiving end by coupling, photoelectric conversion, and digital signal processing.
  • the above coupler and photoelectric conversion components are:
  • the coupler is a 2x1 coupler, and the photoelectric conversion component includes a photodetector; or
  • the coupler is a 2x2 coupler, and the photoelectric conversion component includes a balanced photodetector or two photodetectors; or
  • the coupler is a 3x3 coupler, and the photoelectric conversion component includes three photodetectors; or
  • the coupler is an asymmetrical 3x3 coupler and the photoelectric conversion assembly includes two photodetectors.
  • the i-th second coherent transceiver further includes a local oscillator laser, the local vibrating laser is used to generate the local oscillator, and the light source is the i-th second coherent transceiver; or
  • the local oscillator is generated by a local oscillator other than the ith second coherent transceiver.
  • the local oscillator light coupled with the optical signal can be generated by the above two forms, and the flexibility of deployment of the optical signal transmission system is improved.
  • the optical transmission unit includes: an optical switching device, or an optical power splitter, or an optical switching device and an optical power splitter, that is, the optical transmission unit may be an optical switching device, or an optical power component. Road, or optical switching device and optical power splitter.
  • the components existing in the existing network can be used to form the optical transmission unit, which not only has compatibility with the existing optical transmission unit, but also improves the flexibility of deployment of the optical signal transmission system.
  • the optical signal transmission system is further configured to send uplink data, as follows:
  • the N second coherent transceivers are further configured to modulate the N uplink data to form an N-channel third optical signal, wherein the third optical signal of the j-th channel carries all the information included in the j-th uplink data, j An integer greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to N;
  • the optical transmission unit is further configured to receive the N third optical signal sent by the N second coherent transceiver, and transmit the N third optical signal to form a second wavelength division multiplexed signal, and output the second wavelength component.
  • the multiplexed signal includes N third optical signals, and the frequencies of the N third optical signals are different;
  • the first coherent transceiver is further configured to receive the second wavelength division multiplexed signal output by the optical transmission unit, and obtain information in the uplink data carried by the N optical signal by digital signal processing.
  • uplink data transmission can be implemented by wavelength division multiplexing.
  • the jth second coherent transceiver of the N second coherent transceivers is specifically configured to modulate the jth uplink data and the source of the jth second coherent transceiver to form The jth third optical signal is output.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides an optical signal transmission method, where the method is applied to an optical signal transmission system, where the optical signal transmission system includes: a first coherent transceiver, an optical transmission unit, and N second coherent transceivers, and the method includes :
  • the first coherent transceiver converts the N downlink data into N modulation signals, wherein the frequencies of the N modulation signals are different, and one of the N modulation signals includes: a first sub-signal located at the first polarization state and located at a second sub-signal of the second polarization state, the first polarization state and the second polarization state are orthogonal, and the first sub-signal and the second sub-signal carry all the information included in the downlink data corresponding to the path modulation signal;
  • the first coherent transceiver converts the N modulated signal into a first wavelength division multiplexed signal, and transmits the first wavelength division multiplexed signal to the optical transmission unit, wherein the first wavelength division multiplexed signal includes N first optical signals , the N first optical signal corresponds to the N modulated signal;
  • the optical transmission unit receives the first wavelength division multiplexed signal sent by the first coherent transceiver, converts the first wavelength division multiplexed signal into N second optical signals by transmission processing, and sends N correspondingly to the N second coherent transceivers.
  • Second light signal
  • the N second coherent transceivers receive the N second optical signals sent by the optical transmission unit, and process the N second optical signals to obtain information in the downlink data carried by the N second optical signals, where the i th
  • the two-coherent transceiver processes the second optical signal of the i-th channel to obtain information in the downlink data carried by the second optical signal of the i-th channel, where i is an integer greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to N.
  • optical signal transmission method may refer to the behaviors of the functional components in the optical signal transmission system provided by the foregoing aspects or the possible designs of the foregoing aspects, and details are not described herein again. Therefore, the optical signal transmission method provided by this aspect can achieve the same advantageous effects as the above aspects.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides an optical signal transmission system, which can solve the functions performed by various functional components of the optical signal transmission system in the foregoing method embodiments, and the functions can be implemented by hardware or The corresponding software implementation is performed by hardware.
  • the hardware or software includes one or more modules corresponding to the above functions.
  • the optical signal transmission system includes a processor and a communication interface configured to support the optical signal transmission system to perform the corresponding functions of the above methods.
  • the communication interface is used to support communication between the optical signal transmission system and other network elements.
  • the optical signal transmission system can also include a memory for coupling with the processor that holds the program instructions and data necessary for the optical signal transmission system.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a computer storage medium for storing computer software instructions for use in the optical signal transmission system described above, the computer software instructions comprising a program for performing the solution of the above aspects.
  • embodiments of the present invention provide a computer program product storing computer software instructions for use in the optical signal transmission system described above, the computer software instructions including a program for performing the aspects of the above aspects.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a device, which is in the form of a product of a chip.
  • the device includes a processor and a memory, and the memory is coupled to the processor to save necessary program instructions of the device and Data, the processor is operative to execute program instructions stored in the memory such that the apparatus performs the functions corresponding to the optical signal transmission system of the above method.
  • 1 is a schematic diagram of an existing UDWDM-PON architecture
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an optical signal transmission system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an optical signal transmission system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3a is a schematic diagram of another optical signal transmission system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3b is a schematic diagram of another optical signal transmission system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • 4a is a schematic diagram of three-dimensional coding of space, time, and frequency according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • 4b is a schematic diagram of signal synthesis according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • 5a is a schematic diagram of a second coherent transceiver according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5b is a schematic diagram of a second coherent transceiver according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5c is a schematic diagram of digital signal processing according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • 6a is a schematic structural diagram of a second coherent transceiver including a 2x1 coupler according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • 6b is a schematic structural diagram of a second coherent transceiver including a 2x2 coupler according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • 6c is a schematic structural diagram of a second coherent transceiver including a 2x2 coupler according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • 6d is a schematic structural diagram of a second coherent transceiver including a 3x3 coupler according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • 6e is a schematic structural diagram of a second coherent transceiver including an asymmetric 3x3 coupler according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic flowchart diagram of an optical signal transmission method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the optical signal transmission system may include: a first coherent transceiver 10, an optical transmission unit 20, and N second coherent transceivers.
  • the first coherent transceiver 10 can be connected to the optical transmission unit 20, and the optical transmission unit 20 can be connected to the N second coherent transceiver 30, where N is an integer greater than or equal to 2.
  • the first coherent transceiver 10 in FIG. 2 may be located at a core node, such as an OLT located at a metro network aggregation node.
  • the first coherent transceiver 10 can be configured to acquire N downlink data, convert N downlink data into N modulation signals, and the N modulation signals have different frequencies.
  • One of the N modulation signals includes: located in the first polarization state.
  • the first sub-signal and the second sub-signal in the second polarization state, the first polarization state and the second polarization state are orthogonal, and the first sub-signal and the second sub-signal carry all the downlink data corresponding to the path modulation signal information;
  • the first wavelength division multiplexed signal includes N first optical signals
  • N The first optical signal corresponds to the N modulated signal
  • the first optical signal is converted from the modulated signal by digital-to-analog conversion and coherent modulation.
  • the optical transmission unit 20 in FIG. 2 may be an optical distribution network (ODN), which functions to provide optical transmission channels for the first coherent transceiver 10 and the N second coherent transceivers 30, and the optical transmission unit 20
  • the signal may be used for branching/coupling or multiplexing/demultiplexing the wavelength division multiplexed signal.
  • the optical transmission unit 20 may be configured to receive the first wavelength division multiplexed signal sent by the first coherent transceiver 10, and A wavelength division multiplexed signal is converted into N second optical signals, and N second optical signals are correspondingly transmitted to the N second coherent transceivers 30.
  • the first second optical signal is transmitted to the first second coherent transceiver 30, the second second optical signal is transmitted to the second second coherent transceiver 30, and so on, until the Nth path is The two optical signals are sent to the Nth coherent transceiver. It should be noted that, when N second optical signals are sent to the N second coherent transceivers 30, each second optical signal may be sent simultaneously, or may be sent in different time units (such as time slots), and is not limited.
  • Each of the second coherent transceivers 30 of FIG. 2 can be located at the access node and is a coherent transceiver of the UE.
  • the second coherent transceiver 30 can be an ONU.
  • the N second coherent transceivers 30 are configured to receive the N second optical signals sent by the optical transmission unit, and process the N second optical signals to obtain the downlink data carried by the N second optical signals.
  • the information, wherein the i-th second coherent transceiver is configured to process the second optical signal of the i-th path to obtain information in downlink data carried by the second optical signal of the i-th path, where i is greater than or equal to 1 is an integer less than or equal to N.
  • FIG. 2 is only an exemplary architecture diagram, and other components may be included in addition to the components shown in FIG. 2, which are not limited in this embodiment of the present invention.
  • an OLT transmits a coherently modulated wavelength division multiplexed signal including a plurality of optical signals to an optical transmission unit, and the optical transmission unit converts the received wavelength division multiplexed signal into a plurality of processed signals.
  • the optical signal transmits a plurality of optical signals to the ONU of the user end. Since the optical transmission characteristic easily causes the optical signal to be transmitted in different polarization states, the ONU receives the optical signal and needs to receive different polarization states through the polarization beam splitter.
  • the optical signal is used to completely demodulate the information carried by the optical signal, that is, the polarization beam splitter needs to be designed at the ONU, thereby increasing the design cost of the ONU.
  • the coherent transceiver at the central office performs space-time block coding on the downlink data, and encodes the signals into different polarization states, and the signals in each polarization state carry downlink data. All the information is included.
  • the coherent transceiver at the opposite end can receive the optical signal in any polarization state, and the optical signal is coupled and digital.
  • the signal processing obtains the information carried by the signal, and does not need to design a polarization beam splitter at the coherent transceiver at the receiving end, thereby reducing the design cost of the coherent transceiver at the receiving end.
  • the first coherent transceiver 10 may include: N sets of processing units, a summing unit 104, a digital to analog converter 105, and a coherent modulator 106.
  • the N sets of processing units correspond to the N channels of downlink data, and the N sets of processing units are configured to respectively perform symbol modulation, space time block coding, and frequency domain modulation on the N channels of downlink data, and form an N channel modulated signal, and then output.
  • the i group processing unit is configured to perform symbol modulation, space time block coding processing, and frequency domain modulation on the i-th downlink data, and form an i-th modulation signal and output the same.
  • the i-th processing unit includes a symbol modulation unit 101, a space-time block coding unit 102, and a frequency domain modulation unit 103.
  • the symbol modulation unit 101 may perform symbol modulation on the i-th downlink data to form a signal including at least one symbol and output the signal.
  • the downlink data may be a digital baseband signal, that is, a signal whose center frequency is 0, and which is not subjected to frequency domain modulation and transformation.
  • the first coherent transceiver 10 can obtain N downlink data from a signal source (eg, a base station).
  • Performing symbol modulation on the downlink data may include: performing at least one of amplitude, frequency, and phase modulation on the downlink data to carry information included in the downlink data to a signal of a higher frequency (eg, modulating a signal with a frequency of 0 to 0) -5 GHz signal), such as: any existing modulation method can be used, such as: orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) modulation, quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) Modulation and the like modulate the downlink data, and the specific modulation process can refer to the existing one, and details are not described herein again.
  • OFDM orthogonal frequency division multiplexing
  • QPSK quadrature phase shift keying
  • the signal obtained by the frequency modulation and phase modulation of the symbol modulation unit 101 is S 1 (t):
  • a s1 is the amplitude of S 1 (t)
  • w s1 is the frequency of S 1 (t)
  • ⁇ s1 is the phase of S 1 (t)
  • the signal includes at least one symbol.
  • the space time block coding unit 102 can be configured to perform polarization and time-space space-time coding on the signal output by the symbol modulation unit 101, and form a space-time coded signal for output.
  • the space-time coding of the polarization and time dimension may mean that at least one symbol is respectively encoded in two polarization states orthogonal to each other in the same time unit, for example, all symbols are first in the same time unit.
  • the polarization state is encoded, and all symbols included in the modulated signal are encoded in a second polarization state, that is, the signal in each polarization state carries all the information included in the downlink data, wherein different symbols occupy different states in each polarization state. time.
  • the first polarization state is orthogonal to the second polarization state.
  • the first polarization state may be a transverse electric mode (TE)
  • the second polarization state may be a transverse magnetic mode (TM).
  • the above time unit may be a slot, a time interval, or the like.
  • the space-time block coding unit 102 may perform polarization and time-division space-time coding on the modulated signal by using an existing space-time coding technique, and details are not described herein again.
  • the modulation signal S 1 (t) includes six modulation symbols s 11 , s 12 , s 13 , s 14 , s 15 , s 16 , and the original symbols s 11 , s 13 , s 15 may be used.
  • s 12 s function f (s 12) 14, s 16 is, f (s 14), f (s 16) , encoded on a first polarization state, the original modulation symbols s 12, s 14, s 16 ,
  • the functions f(s 11 ), f(s 13 ), and f(s 15 ) of s 11 , s 13 , and s 15 are encoded in the second polarization state.
  • the space-time encoded signal after the space-time encoding of the polarization and time dimension of the space-time block coding unit 102 may include: a first space-time coded signal located in a first polarization state and a second space-timed code located in a second polarization state Coded signal.
  • the frequency domain modulation unit 103 can be configured to perform frequency domain modulation on the space-time coded signal output by the space-time block coding unit 102 to form the ith channel modulation signal and output the signal.
  • the modulation signal may include a first sub-signal in a first polarization state and a second sub-signal in a second polarization state.
  • the frequency domain modulation of the space-time coded signal may refer to: modulating the space-time coded signal by using a carrier with a higher frequency (such as a carrier whose frequency is greater than the frequency of the space-time coded signal), so as to move the space-time coded signal to On a higher frequency.
  • a carrier with a higher frequency such as a carrier whose frequency is greater than the frequency of the space-time coded signal
  • the frequency domain modulation mode can refer to the prior art, and details are not described herein again.
  • the above signal After frequency domain modulation, it is converted to: The frequency changes from w s1 to w' s1 .
  • the frequency of the modulated signals output by the frequency domain modulation unit 103 in different processing units are different to ensure that the signals are transmitted in independent frequency channels.
  • the modulated signals S 1 (t), S 2 (t), and S 3 (t) are spatially coded and respectively modulated in the frequency domain to the frequencies f1, f2, and f3.
  • the combining unit 104 can be configured to combine the N modulated signals output by the N sets of processing units to form a combined signal and output the combined signals.
  • combining the modulated signals may refer to: adding N modulated signals together to obtain a frequency division multiplexed signal of one electrical domain, and transmitting one frequency division multiplexed signal, and each modulated signal occupies Different frequencies do not interfere with each other, that is, the combined signal includes N modulated signals.
  • the modulation signal of 0-5 GHz, the modulation signal of 5-10 GHz, and the modulation signal 3 of 10-15 GHz are combined to become a combined signal of 0-15 GHz, wherein the modulation signals 1, 2
  • the frequency interval between 3 and 3 can be set according to requirements.
  • the combining process can refer to the prior art, and details are not described herein again.
  • the first modulation signal is:
  • the second modulation signal is:
  • the combined signal formed by combining the first modulated signal and the second modulated signal is:
  • a digital to analog (DA) device 105 can be used to digitally convert the combined signal output by the combining unit 104 to form an analog signal and output the analog signal.
  • the digital-to-analog conversion can refer to converting a digital signal with a continuous amplitude into an analog signal with a continuous amplitude.
  • the digital-to-analog conversion process can refer to the prior art, and details are not described herein again.
  • the coherent modulator 106 can be configured to perform coherent modulation on the analog signal output by the digital-to-analog conversion unit by using the first optical carrier to form a first wavelength division multiplexed signal and output the same.
  • the above-mentioned coherent modulation may refer to: multiplying the first optical carrier by an analog signal, and modulating the analog signal to a relatively high frequency spectrum (eg, modulating to an optical carrier of THz). For example, if the frequency of the analog signal is 100 GHz and the frequency of the first optical carrier is 194 THz, the first optical carrier is multiplied by the analog signal to become a frequency of 193.95-194.05 THz.
  • the coherent modulation process can refer to the prior art, and details are not described herein again.
  • the first optical carrier may be a coherent light having a narrow spectral line and a stable frequency and a constant phase, and may be generated by an external cavity laser (ECL) as shown in FIG. 3.
  • ECL external cavity laser
  • the first wavelength division multiplexed signal may include N first optical signals, and the N first optical signals may correspond to N modulated signals, and each optical signal is obtained by digital-to-analog conversion and coherent modulation.
  • the above analog signal in the first polarization state After coherent modulation, it becomes a wavelength division multiplexed signal.
  • the optical transmission unit 20 may include an optical switching device 201.
  • the optical switching device 201 is a switching device with ultra-narrow optical channel switching and forwarding capability, and may be a wavelength division multiplexing/demultiplexing device, or a wavelength selective switch (WSS), or an optical filter.
  • WSS wavelength selective switch
  • the optical switching device 201 can be configured to select an optical signal included in the wavelength division multiplexed signal according to a wavelength of the optical wave, that is, can be used to decompose the first wavelength division multiplexed signal into N second optical signals, the N path.
  • the second optical signal may correspond to the N first optical signal.
  • the N second optical signal is the N first optical signal.
  • the wavelength division multiplexed signal as described above After the optical switching device 201, two second optical signals can be obtained: Specifically, the working principle and implementation process of the optical switching device 201 can refer to the prior art, and details are not described herein again.
  • the optical transmission unit 20 includes but is not limited to the optical switching device 201 shown in FIG. 3, and the optical transmission unit 20 may further include an optical power splitter as shown in FIG. 3a.
  • the unit of 202, as shown in FIG. 3b, the optical transmission unit 20 may also be a unit including the optical switching device 201 and the optical power splitter 202, that is, the optical switching device 201 and the optical power splitter 202 are cascaded to form light. Transmission unit 20.
  • the optical power splitter 202 simply splits the wavelength division multiplexed signal, and simply copies the plurality of copies to the wavelength division multiplexed signal, and cannot operate the spectrum in the wavelength division multiplexed signal, such as
  • the optical power splitter 202 can be used to copy the first wavelength division multiplexed signal into multiple copies, each of which has different powers, that is, the optical power splitter 202 can divide the wavelengths including the N first optical signals.
  • the multiplexed signal is copied into N parts of the second optical signal including the N first optical signals, and the power of each of the signals is different.
  • the working principle and implementation process of the optical power splitter 202 can refer to the prior art, and details are not described herein again.
  • wavelength division multiplexed signals After being processed by the optical power splitter 202, two second optical signals are obtained:
  • B s1 is the power of one second optical signal
  • B s2 is the power of the other second optical signal, which are different.
  • any of the optical transmission units 20 shown in FIG. 3, FIG. 4a, and FIG. 4b can be used to transmit the wavelength division multiplexed signals, thereby improving the flexibility of signal transmission and facilitating the deployment of the optical signal transmission system.
  • each of the second coherent transceivers 30 may include a coupler 301, a photoelectric conversion component 302, and a digital signal processing unit 303, wherein the photoelectric conversion component 302 may include a plurality of photodetectors (photodiode)
  • the photoelectric conversion component 302 may include a plurality of photodetectors (photodiode)
  • the value of the photodetector depends on the number of signals output by the coupler 301. Generally, the number of photodetectors is less than or equal to the number of signals output by the coupler 301, for example, the photoelectric conversion component 302 can Includes one or two or three photodetectors.
  • the ith second coherent transceiver includes a coupler 301, configured to couple the local oscillator and the ith second coherent transceiver to receive the second optical signal, to form at least one coupled optical signal, and output .
  • the second optical signal may carry information included in downlink data corresponding to the second coherent transceiver 30, and may also carry information included in multiple downlink data, that is, the second optical signal may be a single optical signal, or may be
  • the composite signal including a plurality of optical signals, specifically, which type of optical signal the second optical signal belongs to may be determined according to the processing capability of the optical transmission unit 20, such as when the optical transmission unit 20 is the optical switching device shown in FIG.
  • the second optical signal is a single optical signal.
  • the second optical signal may include N first optical signals.
  • the second optical signal may include a sub-signal in a first polarization state and a sub-signal in a second polarization state, since each polarization state carries all information included in the downlink data, and thus, for the second coherent transceiver 30
  • the signal received in which the polarization state can demodulate the complete information included in the downlink data may refer to: the local oscillator and the second light.
  • a signal in the first polarization state of the signal is coupled or a signal in the second polarization state of the local oscillator light and the second optical signal is coupled without receiving a signal of a different polarization state through the polarization beam splitter.
  • the working principle of the coupler 301 can refer to the prior art, and details are not described herein again.
  • the first signal light that carries the information included in the first downlink data and the information included in the second downlink data After processing by the optical transmission unit 20, a second optical signal corresponding to the downlink data of the first channel is formed: And a second optical signal corresponding to the second downlink data: Assuming that the second coherent transceiver 301 receives the second optical signal corresponding to the downlink data of the first channel, the second coherent transceiver 301 can use Coupling with the local oscillator.
  • the local oscillator may be light generated by an external independent light source other than the second coherent transceiver 30, or may be a local oscillator included by the second coherent transceiver 30, such as a double-ended electroabsorption modulation laser (double-side). Electrro-absorption modulated laser, DS-EML) produced light.
  • FIG. 5a is a simplified schematic diagram of the second coherent transceiver 30. As shown in FIG. 5a, the transmitting laser used in the uplink data transmission is used as a local oscillator (LO) to generate the local oscillator required by the coupler 301.
  • FIG. 5b is still another simplified schematic diagram of the second coherent transceiver 30. As shown in FIG. 5b, an oscillator is disposed outside the second coherent coupler 301 to generate the local oscillator light required by the coupler 301.
  • the photoelectric conversion component 302 included in the ith second coherent transceiver can be used for photoelectrically converting at least one coupled optical signal output by the coupler 301 to form at least one electrical signal and output.
  • the above-mentioned photoelectric conversion of the coupled optical signal may refer to: converting the coupled optical signal into an electrical signal.
  • the working process may refer to the prior art, and details are not described herein again.
  • the digital signal processing unit 303 of the i-th second coherent transceiver can be configured to perform digital signal processing on at least one electrical signal output by the photoelectric conversion component 302, and demodulate the downlink of the second optical signal carried by the i-th channel. Information in the data.
  • the digital signal processing process may refer to the prior art.
  • the digital signal processing unit 303 may be configured to perform the following processes: frequency offset estimation, signal down conversion, and recovery of in phase information and Orthogonal phase information, followed by low-pass filtering to remove out-of-band noise (such as removing the above-mentioned beat noise and DC components), and then performing dispersion compensation, frequency offset compensation/carrier phase compensation, and finally clock/frame synchronization. Operation, space-time packet decoding, channel equalization, and data demodulation recover information included in downlink data.
  • an electrical domain filter may be added to the digital processing unit to separate the downlink data in the coupled and photoelectrically converted signals. Only the information in the downlink data corresponding to the second coherent transceiver 30 is demodulated.
  • the coherent transceiver 1 receives the downlink data 1, and the coherent transceiver 2 only receives the downlink data 2, assuming that the optical power splitter 202 transmits the signal carrying the downlink data 1 and the downlink data 2 to the coherent transceiver 1, the coherent transceiver 1 After the signal is coupled and photoelectrically converted, it is transmitted to the digital processing unit, and the digital processing unit separates the downlink data 1 and the downlink data 2, so that the coherent transceiver 1 receives only the downlink data 1.
  • the coupler 301 is a 2x1 coupler as shown in FIG. 6a, and the 2x1 coupler may mean that the coupler has two inputs and one output.
  • one of the two input terminals is configured to receive the second optical signal output by the optical transmission unit 20, one for receiving the local oscillator light, and one output terminal for outputting a coupled optical signal.
  • the photoelectric conversion module 302 described above includes a photodetector.
  • the photodetector is mainly used to convert the optical signal into an electrical signal.
  • the working principle of the 2x1 coupler and the photodetector can refer to the prior art, and details are not described herein.
  • the two coupled signals output by the 2x1 coupler shown in FIG. 6a are: or Assume that the coupled optical signal is The electrical signal formed by the photoelectric conversion after the coupled optical signal is:
  • E S (t) is E LO (t)-based vibration
  • a LO is the amplitude of the vibrating light
  • w LO is the frequency of the vibrating light
  • ⁇ LO is the phase of the vibrating light.
  • w IF (t) is the difference between the frequency of the second signal light and the frequency of the local oscillator light
  • R is the response depth of the photodetector.
  • the coupler 301 may also be a 2x2 coupler as shown in FIG. 6b and FIG. 6c.
  • the 2x2 coupler may mean that the coupler has two input ends and two outputs.
  • the two One of the input terminals is for receiving the second optical signal output by the optical transmission unit 20, one for receiving the local oscillator light and two output terminals for outputting the two coupling optical signals.
  • the photoelectric conversion component 302 can include A balanced photodetector as shown in Figure 6b or two photodetectors as shown in Figure 6c.
  • the working principle of the 2x2 coupler and the balanced photodetector can refer to the prior art, and details are not described herein again.
  • the two coupled optical signals output by the two signals via the 2x2 coupler 301 shown in FIG. 6b or 6c are: with
  • the balanced photodetector can remove the beat noise and the direct current noise in the electrical signal.
  • the digital processing unit can remove the digital processing when the digital processing unit is removed. Low pass filtering process.
  • the coupler 301 may also be a 3x3 coupler as shown in Figure 6d.
  • the 3x3 coupler is a conventional 3x3 coupler having three inputs and three outputs.
  • the 3x3 coupler is three. Any two of the input terminals can be used to receive the second optical signal and the local oscillator light output by the optical transmission unit 20, and the remaining one input terminal is set to zero (if grounded), and the three output terminals are used.
  • the power ratio of the optical signals outputted by the three outputs is 1:1:1.
  • the optoelectronic conversion component 302 in the second coherent transceiver 30 can include three photodetectors.
  • the working principle of the 3x3 coupler and the photodetector can refer to the prior art, and details are not described herein again.
  • the second optical signal is E s and the local oscillator signal is E L .
  • the three signals that are respectively processed by the 3x3 coupler and the three photodetectors are respectively:
  • the above coupler 301 can also be an asymmetric 3x3 coupler as shown in FIG. 6e.
  • the asymmetric 3x3 coupler has three input terminals and three output terminals, and the power ratio of the optical signals outputted by the three outputs is 1:2:2.
  • the first input end and the third input end of the three input ends of the asymmetric 3x3 coupler are respectively configured to receive the second optical signal and the local oscillator light output by the optical transmission unit 20, and the remaining One input is set to zero (eg, grounded), and the first output and the second output are used to output two coupled optical signals.
  • the photoelectric conversion component 302 in the second coherent transceiver 30 may include two Photodetector.
  • the working principle of the 3x3 coupler and the photodetector can refer to the prior art, and details are not described herein again.
  • the two signals that are respectively processed by the asymmetric 3 ⁇ 3 coupler and the two photodetectors are respectively:
  • optical signal transmission system may include other units, such as a pre-emphasis unit, a dispersion pre-compensation unit, and the like, in addition to the units shown above, and is not limited.
  • the optical signal transmission system in the embodiment of the present invention may also be used to transmit uplink data and process uplink data. It can be understood that the transmission of the uplink data may be an inverse process for transmitting the downlink data, or may be different, such as:
  • the N second coherent transceivers 30 can also be used to modulate the N uplink data to form an N-channel third optical signal, and the third optical signal of the j-th channel carries all the information included in the j-th uplink data.
  • the j is an integer greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to N;
  • the optical transmission unit 20 can also be configured to receive the N third optical signals sent by the N second phase coherent transceivers, and transmit the N third optical signals to form a second wavelength division multiplexed signal and output the same.
  • the two-wavelength division multiplexing signal includes N third optical signals, and the frequencies of the N third optical signals are different;
  • the first coherent transceiver 10 can also be configured to receive the second wavelength division multiplexed signal output by the optical transmission unit 20, and obtain information in the uplink data carried by the N optical signal by digital signal processing.
  • the jth second coherent transceiver of the N second coherent transceivers is specifically configured to modulate the jth uplink data and the source of the jth second coherent transceiver,
  • the third optical signal of the jth channel is formed and outputted; wherein the modulation process can refer to the prior art, and details are not described herein again.
  • optical signal transmission method is described in detail below in conjunction with the foregoing optical signal transmission system.
  • the optical signal transmission system in the following method embodiments may include FIG. 3, FIG. 3a, and FIG. Components. It should be noted that although the logical order is shown in the method flow diagrams described below, in some cases, the steps shown or described may be performed in a different order than the ones described herein.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of an optical signal transmission system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the method may be applied to the optical signal transmission system of the foregoing embodiment.
  • the optical signal transmission system may include: a first coherent transceiver, an optical transmission unit, and N
  • the second coherent transceiver, as shown in FIG. 7, the method may include:
  • Step 701 The first coherent transceiver converts N downlink data into N modulation signals.
  • the frequencies of the N modulated signals are different, and one of the N modulated signals includes: a first sub-signal in a first polarization state and a second sub-signal in a second polarization state, a first polarization state and a second
  • the polarization states are orthogonal, and the first sub-signal and the second sub-signal carry all the information included in the downlink data corresponding to the path modulation signal.
  • Step 702 The first coherent transceiver converts the N modulated signals into a first wavelength division multiplexed signal, and transmits the first wavelength division multiplexed signal to the optical transmission unit.
  • the first wavelength division multiplexed signal may include N first optical signals, and the N first optical signals correspond to the N modulated signals, that is, the first optical signals are converted from the modulated signals by digital-to-analog conversion and coherent modulation. .
  • Step 703 The optical transmission unit receives the first wavelength division multiplexed signal sent by the first coherent transceiver, and converts the first wavelength division multiplexed signal into the N second optical signal by using a transmission process, to the N second coherent transceivers. Corresponding to sending N second optical signals.
  • the optical transmission unit converts the first wavelength division multiplexed signal into the N second optical signal by using a transmission process, and the method includes:
  • the optical transmission unit decomposes the N first optical signals included in the first wavelength division multiplexed signal into N second optical signals, where the N first optical signals and the N second optical signals correspond; or
  • the optical transmission unit copies the first wavelength division multiplexed signal into N second optical signals, each of the second optical signals has different powers, and each of the second optical signals includes N first optical signals, that is, each channel
  • the second optical signal carries information in N downlink data carried by the N first optical signals.
  • Step 704 The N second coherent transceivers receive the N second optical signals sent by the optical transmission unit, and process the N second optical signals to obtain the downlink data carried by the N second optical signals. Information.
  • the i-th second coherent transceiver processes the second optical signal of the i-th path to obtain information in downlink data carried by the second optical signal of the i-th path, where i is an integer greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to N. .
  • the process of processing the N second optical signals by the N second coherent transceivers to obtain the information in the downlink data carried by the N second optical signals may refer to the related description in the foregoing embodiments. This will not be repeated here.
  • the coherent transceiver at the central office performs space-time block coding on the downlink data, and encodes the signals into different polarization states, and the signals on each polarization state are Carrying all the information included in the downlink data, such that after the space-time encoded signal is coherently demodulated and sent to the coherent transceiver at the opposite end, the coherent transceiver at the opposite end can receive the optical signal in any polarization state, and the optical signal is performed on the optical signal.
  • Coupling and digital signal processing obtain the information carried by the signal, and it is not necessary to design a polarization beam splitter at the coherent transceiver at the receiving end, thereby reducing the design cost of the coherent transceiver at the receiving end.
  • the first coherent transceiver includes: N sets of processing units, combining units, digital-to-analog converters, and coherent modulators, and the N sets of processing units correspond to N downlink data, and each set of processing units includes: a symbol modulation unit, Space time block coding unit, frequency domain modulation unit;
  • the first coherent transceiver converts one of the N downlink data into a modulated signal, and specifically includes:
  • the N-group processing unit performs symbol modulation, space-time block coding, and frequency domain modulation on the N-channel downlink data, and outputs an N-channel modulated signal, wherein the i-th processing unit performs symbol modulation and space-time on the i-th downlink data.
  • the block coding process and the frequency domain modulation form an i-th modulation signal and output it.
  • the i-th processing unit includes: a symbol modulation unit, a space-time block coding unit, and a frequency domain modulation unit; and the i-th processing unit performs symbol modulation, space-time block coding processing, and frequency domain modulation on the i-th downlink data to form an i-th After the road modulation signal is output, the specific includes:
  • the symbol modulating unit performs symbol modulation on the downlink data to form a signal including at least one symbol, and outputs the signal;
  • the space time packet encoding unit performs polarization and time-space space-time coding on the signal output by the symbol modulating unit to form a space-time encoded signal and outputs the signal;
  • the frequency domain modulation unit performs frequency domain modulation on the space-time coded signal output by the space-time block coding unit to form a modulated signal and outputs the same;
  • the first coherent transceiver converts the N-channel modulated signal into the first wavelength-division multiplexed signal, and specifically includes: the combining unit combines the N-channel modulated signals output by the N-group processing units to form a combined signal, and outputs the number; The analog converter performs digital-to-analog conversion on the combined signal outputted by the combining unit to form an analog signal, and outputs the analog signal.
  • the coherent modulator performs coherent modulation on the analog signal output by the first optical carrier to the digital-to-analog conversion unit to form a first-wave split. Output with signal.
  • the i-th second coherent transceiver comprises: a coupler, a photoelectric conversion component and a digital processing unit; the i-th second coherent transceiver processes the second optical signal of the i-th road to obtain the first
  • the information in the downlink data carried by the second optical signal of the i channel includes:
  • the coupler couples the local oscillator light with the ith second optical signal received by the ith second coherent transceiver to form at least one coupled optical signal for output; and the photoelectric conversion component couples at least one of the coupler outputs
  • the optical signal is photoelectrically converted to form at least one electrical signal and then output;
  • the digital signal processing unit performs digital signal processing on at least one electrical signal outputted by the photoelectric conversion component, and demodulates the information in the downlink data carried by the second optical signal of the i-th channel.
  • the coupler and the photoelectric conversion component used in the method embodiment are:
  • the coupler is a 2x1 coupler, and the photoelectric conversion component includes a photodetector; or
  • the coupler is a 2x2 coupler, and the photoelectric conversion component includes a balanced photodetector or two photodetectors; or
  • the coupler is a 3x3 coupler, and the photoelectric conversion component includes three photodetectors, or
  • the coupler is an asymmetric 3x3 coupler and the photoelectric conversion assembly includes two photodetectors.
  • the ith second coherent transceiver further includes a local oscillating laser for generating the local oscillator and as a light source of the ith second coherent transceiver; or
  • the local oscillator is generated by a local oscillator other than the ith second coherent transceiver.
  • the optical transmission unit comprises: an optical switching device, or an optical power splitter, or an optical switching device and an optical power splitter.
  • the optical signal transmission method in the embodiment of the present invention further includes transmitting uplink data and processing the uplink data. It is to be understood that the transmission of the uplink data may be an inverse process for transmitting the downlink data, or may be different. Specifically, the method further includes:
  • the N second coherent transceivers modulate the N uplink data to form an N-channel third optical signal, and the third optical signal of the j-th channel carries all the information included in the j-th uplink data, where j is greater than or equal to 1 An integer less than or equal to N;
  • the optical transmission unit receives the N third optical signals sent by the N second coherent transceivers, and transmits the N third optical signals to form a second wavelength division multiplexed signal, and the second wavelength division multiplexed signal includes The third optical signal of the N channel, and the frequency of the third optical signal of the N channel are different;
  • the first coherent transceiver receives the second wavelength division multiplexed signal output by the optical transmission unit, and obtains information in the uplink data carried by the N optical signal by digital signal processing.
  • the jth second coherent transceiver of the N second coherent transceivers modulates the jth uplink data to form a third optical signal of the jth channel, and the output includes:
  • the jth second coherent transceiver modulates the jth uplink data and the source of the jth second coherent transceiver to form a jth third optical signal and outputs the same.
  • the first coherent transceiver transmits downlink data 1, downlink data 2, and downlink data 3
  • the optical transmission unit is an optical switching device
  • the second coherent transceiver 1 demodulates the downlink data 1
  • the second coherent transceiver 2 demodulates the downlink data.
  • the third coherent transceiver 3 demodulates the downlink data 3 as an example to describe the above optical signal transmission method in detail:
  • the first coherent transceiver performs symbol modulation, space-time block coding, and frequency domain modulation on the downlink data 1, the downlink data 2, and the downlink data 3, respectively, to obtain a modulated signal 1, a modulated signal 2, a modulated signal 3, and a frequency of each modulated signal.
  • modulating signals and each modulated signal includes two signals in mutually orthogonal polarization states, and the signals in the two polarization states of the modulated signal 1 respectively carry all the information included in the downlink data 1, the modulated signal The two polarization states of 2 respectively carry all the information included in the downlink data 2, and the signals in the two polarization states of the modulation signal 3 respectively carry all the information included in the downlink data 3;
  • the first coherent transceiver further combines the modulated signal 1, the modulated signal 2, and the modulated signal 3 by combining, digital-to-analog conversion, and coherent modulation to obtain a wavelength division multiplexed signal including three first optical signals, and outputs the wavelength division multiplexing.
  • the first optical signal 1 carries all the information included in the downlink data 1
  • the second optical signal 2 carries all the information included in the downlink data 2
  • the third optical signal 3 carries all the information included in the downlink data 3.
  • the optical switching device receives the wavelength division multiplexed signal, decomposes the wavelength division multiplexed signal into three second optical signals, and sends the three second optical signals correspondingly to the three second coherent transceivers, wherein three
  • the two optical signals are: a second optical signal 1 corresponding to the first optical signal 1, a second optical signal 2 corresponding to the first optical signal 2, and a third optical signal 3 corresponding to the first optical signal 3, respectively.
  • the second optical signal 1 carries all the information included in the downlink data 2
  • the third optical signal 3 carries all the information included in the downlink data 3;
  • the second coherent transceiver 1 receives the second optical signal 1, and demodulates the second optical signal 1 by coupling, photoelectric conversion, and digital signal processing to include information included in the downlink data 1 carried by the second optical signal 1;
  • the second coherent transceiver 2 receives the second optical signal 2, and demodulates the second optical signal 2 by coupling, photoelectric conversion, and digital signal processing to include information included in the downlink data 2 carried by the second optical signal 2;
  • the second coherent transceiver 3 receives the second optical signal 3, and demodulates the second optical signal 3 by decoupling, photoelectric conversion, and digital signal processing to include information included in the downlink data 3 carried by the second optical signal 3.
  • the first coherent transceiver transmits the downlink data 1, the downlink data 2, the downlink data 3, the optical transmission unit is an optical power splitter, the second coherent transceiver 1 demodulates the downlink data 1, and the second coherent transceiver 2 demodulates The downlink data 2, the third coherent transceiver 3 demodulates the downlink data 3 as an example to describe the above optical signal transmission method in detail:
  • the first coherent transceiver performs symbol modulation, space-time block coding, and frequency domain modulation on the downlink data 1, the downlink data 2, and the downlink data 3, respectively, to obtain a modulated signal 1, a modulated signal 2, a modulated signal 3, and a frequency of each modulated signal.
  • modulating signals and each modulated signal includes two signals in mutually orthogonal polarization states, and the signals in the two polarization states of the modulated signal 1 respectively carry all the information included in the downlink data 1, the modulated signal The two polarization states of 2 respectively carry all the information included in the downlink data 2, and the signals in the two polarization states of the modulation signal 3 respectively carry all the information included in the downlink data 3;
  • the first coherent transceiver further combines the modulated signal 1, the modulated signal 2, and the modulated signal 3 by combining, digital-to-analog conversion, and coherent modulation to obtain a wavelength division multiplexed signal including three first optical signals, and outputs the wavelength division multiplexing.
  • the first optical signal 1 carries all the information included in the downlink data 1
  • the second optical signal 2 carries all the information included in the downlink data 2
  • the third optical signal 3 carries all the information included in the downlink data 3.
  • the optical power splitter receives the wavelength division multiplexed signal, decomposes the wavelength division multiplexed signal into three second optical signals, and sends the three second optical signals correspondingly to the three second coherent transceivers, wherein, 3
  • the second optical signals are: a second optical signal 1, a second optical signal 2, and a second optical signal 3.
  • the second optical signal 1 carries all the information included in the downlink data 1, the downlink data 2, and the downlink data 3.
  • the second optical signal 2 carries all the information included in the downlink data 1, the downlink data 2, and the downlink data 3.
  • the second optical signal 3 carries all the information included in the downlink data 1, the downlink data 2, and the downlink data 3.
  • the second coherent transceiver 1 receives the second optical signal 1, and the second optical signal 1 is coupled and photoelectrically converted to obtain an electrical signal, and then the electrical domain filters out the signal carrying only the downlink data 1, and the filtered signal is filtered.
  • the digital signal processing demodulates the information included in the downlink data 1;
  • the second coherent transceiver 2 receives the second optical signal 2, and the second optical signal 2 is subjected to coupling and photoelectric conversion processing to obtain an electrical signal, and then the electrical domain filters out the signal carrying only the downlink data 2, and the filtered signal is filtered.
  • the digital signal processing demodulates the information included in the downlink data 2;
  • the second coherent transceiver 3 receives the second optical signal 3, and the second optical signal 3 is coupled and photoelectrically converted to obtain an electrical signal, and then the electrical domain filters out the signal carrying only the downlink data 3, and the filtered signal is filtered.
  • the digital signal processing demodulates the information included in the downlink data 3.
  • the disclosed apparatus and method may be implemented in other manners.
  • the device embodiments described above are merely illustrative.
  • the division of the modules or units is only a logical function division.
  • there may be another division manner for example, multiple units or components may be used.
  • the combination may be integrated into another device, or some features may be ignored or not performed.
  • the mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be an indirect coupling or communication connection through some interface, device or unit, and may be in an electrical, mechanical or other form.
  • the units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components displayed as units may be one physical unit or multiple physical units, that is, may be located in one place, or may be distributed to multiple different places. . Some or all of the units may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of the embodiment.
  • each functional unit in each embodiment of the present invention may be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit may exist physically separately, or two or more units may be integrated into one unit.
  • the above integrated unit can be implemented in the form of hardware or in the form of a software functional unit.
  • the integrated unit if implemented in the form of a software functional unit and sold or used as a standalone product, may be stored in a readable storage medium.
  • the technical solution of the embodiments of the present invention may contribute to the prior art or all or part of the technical solution may be embodied in the form of a software product stored in a storage medium.
  • a number of instructions are included to cause a device (which may be a microcontroller, chip, etc.) or a processor to perform all or part of the steps of the methods described in various embodiments of the present invention.
  • the foregoing storage medium includes various media that can store program codes, such as a USB flash drive, a mobile hard disk, a ROM, a RAM, a magnetic disk, or an optical disk.

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Abstract

本发明实施例公开了一种光信号传输***及光信号传输方法，涉及光通信技术领域，以解决现有光信号传输***成本较高的问题。具体方案为：第一相干收发机，用于将N路下行数据转换为N路调制信号，以及将N路调制信号转换为第一波分复用信号，并向光传输单元发送第一波分复用信号，光传输单元，用于接收第一相干收发机发送的第一波分复用信号，将第一波分复用信号转换为N路第二光信号，向N个第二相干收发机对应发送N路第二光信号；N个第二相干收发机中的一个，用于接收光传输单元发送的N路第二光信号，对N路第二光信号进行处理获得N路第二光信号承载的下行数据中的信息。

Description

光信号传输***及光信号传输方法
本申请要求于2017年09月01日提交中国专利局、申请号为201710781413.1、申请名称为“光信号传输***及光信号传输方法”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本发明实施例涉及光通信技术领域，尤其涉及一种光信号传输***及光信号传输方法。
背景技术
随着移动互联网和高清视频业务的兴起，城域光网络的流量呈现指数型增长，低时延和高带宽逐渐成为下一代城域光网络的紧迫要求。为实现该要求，超密集波分复用无源光网络(ultra dense wavelength division multiplexing passive optical network，UDWDM-PON)成为下一代城域光网络研究的一个重要方向。
图1为现有UDWDM-PON架构示意图，如图1所示，该网络可以包括：光线路终端(optical line terminal，OLT)、光合路器(splitter)、光纤、光分路器(splitter)以及多个光网络单元(optical network unit，ONU)。其中，OLT可以包含多个光收发机组，每个光收发机组包含编码器、差分正交相移键控(differential quadrature phase shift keying，DQPSK)调制器、相加器、数模转换器和相干光调制器，每个ONU可以包含相干光接收机、数字信号处理单元、解码器，该相干光接收机可以包含偏振光分束器(polarization beam splitter，PBS)和90°光混频器(optical hybrid)。在OLT中的每个收发机组内，多个数据经编码、DQPSK调制后通过相加器合路成一路信号，合路后的信号经过数模转换、同相正交(in-phase quadrature modulator，IQ)调制生成多个超密集的子波长光信号，多个收发机组生成的光信号通过光合路器进行合波后，进入光纤中传输，光分路器收到光信号后，将收到的光信号分为多路光信号，将分路后的光信号对应发送至ONU，ONU通过一个相干光接收机接收信号光，恢复出该光信号各个偏振态上的同相信息和正交相信息，并将恢复出的信息经过数字信号处理、解码得到承载在光信号中的数据。
由图1可知，现有UDWDM-PON的两端均采用昂贵的传统相干光接收机，***整体成本急剧增加，尤其是在ONU侧的高成本将导致该技术难以实用。
发明内容
本发明实施例提供一种光信号传输***及光信号传输方法，以解决现有光信号传输***中设备成本较高的问题。
为达到上述目的，本发明实施例采用如下技术方案：
一方面，本发明实施例提供一种光信号传输***，包括：
第一相干收发机，用于将N路下行数据转换为N路调制信号，其中，N路调制信号的频率各不相同，N路调制信号中的一路包括：位于第一偏振态的第一子信号和位于第二偏振态的第二子信号，第一偏振态和第二偏振态正交，第一子信号和第二子信 号承载该路调制信号对应的下行数据包含的全部信息；
第一相干收发机，还用于将N路调制信号转换为第一波分复用信号，并向光传输单元发送第一波分复用信号，其中，第一波分复用信号包含N路第一光信号，N路第一光信号与N路调制信号对应；
光传输单元，用于接收第一相干收发机发送的第一波分复用信号，通过传输处理将第一波分复用信号转换为N路第二光信号，向N个第二相干收发机对应发送N路第二光信号；
N个第二相干收发机，用于接收光传输单元发送的N路第二光信号，对N路第二光信号进行处理获得N路第二光信号承载的下行数据中的信息，其中，第i个第二相干收发机，用于对第i路第二光信号进行处理获得第i路第二光信号承载的下行数据中的信息，i为大于等于1小于等于N的整数。
与现有技术相比，本发明实施例提供的光信号传输***中，局端的相干收发机(如第二相干收发机)将下行数据进行空时分组编码，编码到不同的偏振态上，且每个偏振态上的信号均承载下行数据包括的所有信息，如此，将空时编码后的信号进行相干解调发送给对端的相干收发机后，对端的相干收发机可以在任一偏振态上接收光信号，对该光信号进行耦合、数字信号处理获得该信号承载的信息，不需要在接收端的相干收发机处设计偏振光分束器，降低了接收端相干收发机的设计成本。
在一种可能的设计中，第一相干收发机包括：
N组处理单元，用于分别对N路下行数据进行符号调制、空时分组编码、频域调制，形成N路调制信号后输出，其中，第i组处理单元，用于对第i路下行数据进行符号调制、空时分组编码处理、频域调制，形成第i路调制信号后输出。
在一种可能的设计中，第i组处理单元包括：
符号调制单元，用于对第i路下行数据进行符号调制，形成包含至少一个符号的信号后输出；
空时分组编码单元，用于对符号调制单元输出的信号进行偏振和时间维度的空时编码，形成空时编码信号后输出；
频域调制单元，用于对空时分组编码单元输出的空时编码信号进行频域调制，形成第i路调制信号后输出。
在一种可能的设计中，第一相干收发机还包括：
合路单元，用于对N组处理单元输出的N路调制信号进行合路，形成合路信号后输出；
数模转换器，用于将合路单元输出的合路信号进行数模转换，形成模拟信号后输出；
相干调制器，用于采用第一光载波对数模转换单元输出的模拟信号进行相干调制，形成第一波分复用信号后输出。
如此，可以将多路下行数据通过波分复用方式传输出去。
在一种可能的设计中，i个第二相干收发机，包括：
耦合器，用于将本振光和第i个第二相干收发机接收到的第i路第二光信号进行耦合，形成至少一路耦合光信号后输出；
光电转换组件，用于将耦合器输出的至少一路耦合光信号进行光电转换，形成至少一路电信号后输出；
数字信号处理单元，用于将光电转换组件输出的至少一路电信号进行数字信号处理，解调出第二光信号承载的下行数据中的信息。
如此，可以在接收端通过耦合、光电转换、数字信号处理将光信号承载的信息解调出来。
在一种可能的设计中，上述耦合器、光电转换组件为：
耦合器为2x1耦合器，光电转换组件包括一个光电探测器；或者，
耦合器为2x2耦合器，光电转换组件包括一个平衡光电探测器或两个光电探测器；或者，
耦合器为3x3耦合器，光电转换组件包括三个光电探测器；或者，
耦合器为非对称3×3耦合器，光电转换组件包括两个光电探测器。
如此，可以采用不同形式的耦合器、光电转组件实现光信号的耦合、光电转换，提高了光信号传输***部署的灵活性。
在一种可能的设计中，第i个第二相干收发机还包括本地振荡激光器，本地振动激光器用于产生本振光，以及作为第i个第二相干收发机的光源；或者，
本振光由第i个第二相干收发机之外的本地振荡器产生。
如此，可以通过上述两种形式来产生与光信号耦合的本振光，提高了光信号传输***部署的灵活性。
在一种可能的设计中，上述光传输单元包括：光交换器件，或者光功率分路器，或者光交换器件和光功率分路器，即上述光传输单元可以为光交换器件，或者光功率分路器，或者光交换器件和光功率分路器。
如此，可以采用现网中存在的元器件来组成光传输单元，不仅与现有光传输单元具有兼容性，还提高了光信号传输***部署的灵活性。
在一种可能的设计中，作为发送下行数据的逆过程，上述光信号传输***还用于发送上行数据，具体如下：
N个第二相干收发机，还用于将N路上行数据进行调制，形成N路第三光信号后输出，其中，第j路第三光信号承载第j路上行数据包括的全部信息，j为大于等于1小于等于N的整数；
光传输单元，还用于接收N路第二相干收发机发出的N路第三光信号，将N路第三光信号进行传输处理，形成第二波分复用信号后输出，第二波分复用信号包括N路第三光信号，N路第三光信号的频率各不相同；
第一相干收发机，还用于接收光传输单元输出的第二波分复用信号，通过数字信号处理获得N路第三光信号承载的上行数据中的信息。
如此，可以通过波分复用方式实现上行数据的发送。
在一种可能的设计中，N个第二相干收发机中的第j个第二相干收发机，具体用于将第j路上行数据与第j个第二相干收发机的光源进行调制，形成第j路第三光信号后输出。
又一方面，本发明实施例提供一种光信号传输方法，方法应用于光信号传输***， 光信号传输***包括：第一相干收发机、光传输单元、N个第二相干收发机，方法包括：
第一相干收发机将N路下行数据转换为N路调制信号，其中，N路调制信号的频率各不相同，N路调制信号中的一路包括：位于第一偏振态的第一子信号和位于第二偏振态的第二子信号，第一偏振态和第二偏振态正交，第一子信号和第二子信号承载该路调制信号对应的下行数据包含的全部信息；
第一相干收发机将N路调制信号转换为第一波分复用信号，并向光传输单元发送第一波分复用信号，其中，第一波分复用信号包含N路第一光信号，N路第一光信号与N路调制信号对应；
光传输单元接收第一相干收发机发送的第一波分复用信号，通过传输处理将第一波分复用信号转换为N路第二光信号，向N个第二相干收发机对应发送N路第二光信号；
N个第二相干收发机接收光传输单元发送的N路第二光信号，对N路第二光信号进行处理获得N路第二光信号承载的下行数据中的信息，其中，第i个第二相干收发机对第i路第二光信号进行处理获得第i路第二光信号承载的下行数据中的信息，i为大于等于1小于等于N的整数。
其中，光信号传输方法中各过程的具体实现方式可以参考上述方面或上述方面的可能的设计提供的光信号传输***中各功能部件的行为功能，在此不再赘述。因此，该方面提供的光信号传输方法可以达到与上述方面相同的有益效果。
一方面，本发明实施例提供了一种光信号传输***，该光信号传输***可以解决上述方法实施例中光信号传输***各功能部件所执行的功能，所述功能可以通过硬件实现，也可以通过硬件执行相应的软件实现。所述硬件或软件包括一个或多个上述功能相应的模块。
在一种可能的设计中，该光信号传输***的结构中包括处理器和通信接口，该处理器被配置为支持该光信号传输***执行上述方法中相应的功能。该通信接口用于支持该光信号传输***与其他网元之间的通信。该光信号传输***还可以包括存储器，该存储器用于与处理器耦合，其保存该光信号传输***必要的程序指令和数据。
一方面，本发明实施例提供了一种计算机存储介质，用于储存为上述光信号传输***所用的计算机软件指令，该计算机软件指令包括用于执行上述方面所述方案的程序。
一方面，本发明实施例提供了一种计算机程序产品，该程序产品储存有上述光信号传输***所用的计算机软件指令，该计算机软件指令包括用于执行上述方面所述方案的程序。
一方面，本发明实施例提供了一种装置，该装置以芯片的产品形态存在，该装置的结构中包括处理器和存储器，该存储器用于与处理器耦合，保存该装置必要的程序指令和数据，该处理器用于执行存储器中存储的程序指令，使得该装置执行上述方法中与光信号传输***相应的功能。
附图说明
图1为现有UDWDM-PON架构示意图；
图2为本发明实施例提供的一种光信号传输***组成示意图；
图3为本发明实施例提供的一种光信号传输***组成示意图；
图3a为本发明实施例提供的又一种光信号传输***组成示意图；
图3b为本发明实施例提供的再一种光信号传输***组成示意图；
图4a为本发明实施例提供的空间、时间、频率三维编码示意图；
图4b为本发明实施例提供的信号合成示意图；
图5a为本发明实施例提供的一种第二相干收发机组成示意图；
图5b为本发明实施例提供的一种第二相干收发机组成示意图；
图5c为本发明实施例提供的数字信号处理示意图；
图6a为本发明实施例提供的包括2x1耦合器的第二相干收发机的组成示意图；
图6b为本发明实施例提供的包括2x2耦合器的第二相干收发机的组成示意图；
图6c为本发明实施例提供的包括2x2耦合器的第二相干收发机的组成示意图；
图6d为本发明实施例提供的包括3x3耦合器的第二相干收发机的组成示意图；
图6e为本发明实施例提供的包括非对称3x3耦合器的第二相干收发机的组成示意图；
图7为本发明实施例提供的一种光信号传输方法的流程示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明实施例的实施方式进行详细描述。
图2为本发明实施例提供的一种光信号传输***组成示意图，如图2所示，该光信号传输***可以包括：第一相干收发机10、光传输单元20、N个第二相干收发机30，第一相干收发机10可以与光传输单元20连接，光传输单元20可以与N第二相干收发机30连接，N为大于等于2的整数。
其中，图2中的第一相干收发机10可以位于核心节点处，如：可以为位于城域网汇聚节点的OLT。第一相干收发机10可以用于获取N路下行数据，将N路下行数据转换为N路调制信号，N路调制信号频率各不相同，N路调制信号中的一路包括：位于第一偏振态的第一子信号和位于第二偏振态的第二子信号，第一偏振态和第二偏振态正交，第一子信号和第二子信号承载该路调制信号对应的下行数据包括的全部信息；
以及，将N路调制信号转换为第一波分复用信号，并向光传输单元20发送第一波分复用信号，其中，第一波分复用信号包括N路第一光信号，N路第一光信号与N路调制信号对应，第一光信号由调制信号经过数模转换、相干调制转换而来。
图2中的光传输单元20可以为光分配网(optical distribution network，ODN)，其作用是为第一相干收发机10和N个第二相干收发机30提供光传输通道，该光传输单元20可以用于分支/耦合或者复用/解复用波分复用信号，如：光传输单元20可以用于接收第一相干收发机10发送的第一波分复用信号，通过传输处理将第一波分复用信号转换为N路第二光信号，向N个第二相干收发机30对应发送N路第二光信号。
例如，向第1个第二相干收发机30发送第1路第二光信号，向第2个第二相干收发机30发送第2路第二光信号，以此类推，直至将第N路第二光信号发送至第N个相干收发机。需要说明的是，向N个第二相干收发机30发送N路第二光信号时，每路第二光信号可以同时发送，也可以在不同时间单元(如时隙)发送，不予限制。
图2中的每个第二相干收发机30可以位于接入节点处，为用户端的相干收发机，如：第二相干收发机30可以为ONU。N个第二相干收发机30用于接收所述光传输单元发送的N路第二光信号，对所述N路第二光信号进行处理获得所述N路第二光信号承载的下行数据中的信息，其中，第i个第二相干收发机，用于对第i路第二光信号进行处理获得所述第i路第二光信号承载的下行数据中的信息，所述i为大于等于1小于等于N的整数。
需要说明的是，图2仅为示例性架构图，除图2所示部件之外，还可以包括其他部件，本发明实施例对此不予限制。
在传统的光信号传输***中，OLT将相干调制后的包括多个光信号的波分复用信号传输至光传输单元，光传输单元将接收到的波分复用信号经过处理后转换为多个光信号，将多个光信号对应发送至用户端的ONU，由于光传输特性很容易使得光信号在不同的偏振态上传输，ONU接收到光信号，需要通过偏振光分束器接收不同偏振态上的光信号，以期完整的解调出该光信号承载的信息，即在ONU处需设计偏振光分束器，从而使得ONU设计成本增高。
比较而言，本发明实施例提供的光信号传输***中，局端的相干收发机将下行数据进行空时分组编码，编码到不同的偏振态上，且每个偏振态上的信号均承载下行数据包括的所有信息，如此，将空时编码后的信号进行相干解调发送给对端的相干收发机后，对端的相干收发机可以在任一偏振态上接收光信号，对该光信号进行耦合、数字信号处理获得该信号承载的信息，不需要在接收端的相干收发机处设计偏振光分束器，降低了接收端相干收发机的设计成本。
具体的，如图3所示，第一相干收发机10可以包括：N组处理单元、合路(summing)单元104、数模转换器105、相干调制器106。
N组处理单元与N路下行数据对应，N组处理单元，用于分别对所述N路下行数据进行符号调制、空时分组编码、频域调制，形成N路调制信号后输出，其中，第i组处理单元，用于对第i路下行数据进行符号调制、空时分组编码处理、频域调制，形成第i路调制信号后输出。
所述第i组处理单元包括：符号调制单元101、空时分组编码单元102、频域调制单元103。
符号调制单元101，可以对所述第i路下行数据进行符号调制，形成包含至少一个符号的信号后输出。
其中，上述下行数据可以为数字基带信号，即中心频率为0，没有进行频域调制和变换的信号。可选的，第一相干收发机10可以从信号源(如：基站)获取N路下行数据。
对下行数据进行符号调制可以包括：对下行数据进行幅度、频率和相位中的至少一种调制，以将下行数据包括的信息承载在较高频率的信号(如将频率为0的信号调制为0-5GHz的信号)上，如：可以采用现有任一调制方式，如：正交频分复用(orthogonal frequency division multiplexing，OFDM)调制、正交相移键控(quadrature phase shift keying，QPSK)调制等对下行数据进行调制，其具体调制过程可参照现有，在此不再赘述。
例如，若下行数据为S1，则经过符号调制单元101的调频和调相得到的信号为S 1(t)：
Figure PCTCN2018103313-appb-000001
其中，A s1为S 1(t)的幅度，w s1为S 1(t)的频率，θ s1为S 1(t)的相位，该信号包括至少一个符号。
空时分组编码单元102，可以用于对符号调制单元101输出的信号进行偏振和时间维度的空时编码，形成空时编码信号后输出。
其中，上述偏振和时间维度的空时编码可以指：在同一时间单元内，将至少一个符号分别在相互正交的两个偏振态进行编码，如：在同一时间单元上将所有符号在第一偏振态进行编码，将调制信号包括的所有符号在第二偏振态进行编码，即每个偏振态上的信号承载下行数据包括的全部信息，其中，在各个偏振态上，不同的符号占用不同的时间。
其中，上述第一偏振态与第二偏振态正交，如，第一偏振态可以为横电模式(transverse electric mode，TE)，第二偏振态可以为横磁模式(transverse magnetic mode，TM)。上述时间单元可以为时隙(slot)、时间间隔等。
具体的，空时分组编码单元102可采用现有空时编码技术对调制信号进行偏振和时间维度的空时编码，在此不再赘述。
例如，如图4a所示，调制信号S 1(t)包括六个调制符号s 11、s 12、s 13、s 14、s 15、s 16，可以将原符号s 11、s 13、s 15，以及s 12、s 14、s 16的函数f(s 12)、f(s 14)、f(s 16)编码在第一偏振态上，将原调制符号s 12、s 14、s 16，以及s 11、s 13、s 15的函数f(s 11)、f(s 13)、f(s 15)编码在第二偏振态上。
如此，经过空时分组编码单元102的偏振和时间维度的空时编码得的空时编码信号可以包括：位于第一偏振态的第一空时编码信号和位于第二偏振态的第二空时编码信号。
频域调制单元103，可以用于对空时分组编码单元102输出的空时编码信号进行频域调制，形成所述第i路调制信号后输出。
其中，上述调制信号可以包括位于第一偏振态的第一子信号和位于第二偏振态的第二子信号。
其中，上述对空时编码信号进行频域调制可以指：采用频率较高的载波(如频率大于空时编码信号的频率的载波)对空时编码信号进行调制，以期将空时编码信号搬移到较高频率上。具体的，其频域调制方式可参照现有技术，在此不再赘述。
例如，上述信号
Figure PCTCN2018103313-appb-000002
经过频域调制后转换为：
Figure PCTCN2018103313-appb-000003
频率由w s1变为w′ s1。
此外，在本发明实施例中，不同处理单元中的频域调制单元103输出的调制信号的频率各不相同，以保证信号在独立的频率通道传输。例如，如图4a所示，调制信号S 1(t)、S 2(t)、S 3(t)经空时分组编码后，分别在频域对应调制到频率f1、f2和f3上。
合路单元104，可以用于对N组处理单元输出的N路调制信号进行合路，形成合路信号后输出。
其中，上述对调制信号进行合路可以指：将N路调制信号相加在一起，即得到一个电域的频分复用信号，成为一路频分复用信号传输出去，且每路调制信号占用不同的频率，互不干扰，即合路信号包括N路调制信号。如图4b所示，0-5GHz的调制信 号1、5-10GHz的调制信号2、10-15GHz的调制信号3合路后变为0--15GHz的合路信号，其中，调制信号1、2、3之间的频率间隔可根据需求进行设置。具体的，其合路过程可参照现有技术，在此不再赘述。
例如，若第1路调制信号为：
Figure PCTCN2018103313-appb-000004
第2路调制信号为：
Figure PCTCN2018103313-appb-000005
则对第1路调制信号和第2路调制信号进行合路后形成的合路信号为：
Figure PCTCN2018103313-appb-000006
数模转换(digital to analog，DA)器105，可以用于将合路单元104输出的合路信号进行数模转换，形成模拟信号后输出。
其中，数模转换可以指：将幅度连续的数字信号转换为幅度连续的模拟信号。具体的，其数模转换过程可参照现有技术，在此不再赘述。
例如，对上述合路信号
Figure PCTCN2018103313-appb-000007
进行数模转换后变为
Figure PCTCN2018103313-appb-000008
相干调制器106，可以用于采用第一光载波对数模转换单元输出的模拟信号进行相干调制，形成第一波分复用信号后输出。
其中，上述相干调制可以指：将第一光载波与模拟信号进行相乘，将模拟信号调制到频率比较高的光谱上(如：调制到THz的光载波上)。例如，若模拟信号的频率为100GHz，第一光载波的频率为194THz，则用第一光载波与模拟信号相乘后变为频率为193.95-194.05THz。具体的，该相干调制过程可参照现有技术，在此不再赘述。
其中，上述第一光载波可以为谱线较窄，频率稳定、相位恒定的相干光，可以由图3所示的外腔型激光器(external cavity laser，ECL)生成。
上述第一波分复用信号可以包括N路第一光信号，该N路第一光信号可以与N路调制信号对应，每路光信号由调制信号经数模转换、相干调制得到。
例如：上述位于第一偏振态的模拟信号：
Figure PCTCN2018103313-appb-000009
经相干调制后变为波分复用信号。
具体的，如图3所示，光传输单元20可以包括：光交换器件201。
该光交换器件201为具有超窄光通道交换和转发能力的交换器件，可以为波分复用/解复用器，或者波长选择开关(wavelength selective switch，WSS)，或者光滤波器等。
该光交换器件201可以用于根据光波的波长不同将波分复用信号包括的光信号选择出来，即可以用于将第一波分复用信号分解为N路第二光信号，该N路第二光信号可以与N路第一光信号对应。可选的，N路第二光信号即为N路第一光信号。
例如，如上述波分复用信号
Figure PCTCN2018103313-appb-000010
经过光交换器件201后可以得到两路第二光信号：
Figure PCTCN2018103313-appb-000011
具体的，光交换器件201的工作原理和实现过程可参照现有技术，在此不再赘述。
需要说明的是，在本发明实施例中，光传输单元20包括但不限于图3所示的光交换器件201，如图3a所示，该光传输单元20还可以为包括光功率分路器202的单元，如图3b所示，该光传输单元20还可以为包括光交换器件201和光功率分路器202的单元，即由光交换器件201和光功率分路器202级联在一起组成光传输单元20。
其中，上述光功率分路器202只是简单的对波分复用信号分光，对波分复用信号 而言是简单的复制成多份，不能对波分复用信号中的光谱进行操作，如：光功率分路器202可以用于将第一波分复用信号复制成多份，每份的功率各不相同，即光功率分路器202可以将包括N路第一光信号的波分复用信号复制成N份包括N路第一光信号的第二光信号，每份信号的功率是不同的。具体的，光功率分路器202的工作原理和实现过程可参照现有技术，在此不再赘述。
例如，波分复用信号
Figure PCTCN2018103313-appb-000012
经光功率分路器202处理后得到两路第二光信号：
Figure PCTCN2018103313-appb-000013
其中，B s1为一路第二光信号的功率，B s2为另一路第二光信号的功率，二者不同。
如此，可以采用图3、图4a、图4b所示的任一种光传输单元20来传输波分复用信号，提高了信号传输的灵活性，便于光信号传输***的部署。
具体的，如图3所示，每个第二相干收发机30可以包括：耦合器301、光电转换组件302、数字信号处理单元303，其中，光电转换组件302可以包括多个光电探测器(photodiode，PD)、光电探测器的数值取决于耦合器301输出的信号的个数，通常情况下，光电探测器的个数小于等于耦合器301输出的信号的个数，如：光电转换组件302可以包括一个或者两个或者三个光电探测器。
具体的，第i个第二相干收发机包括的耦合器301，可以用于将本振光和第i个第二相干收发机接收到第二光信号进行耦合，形成至少一路耦合光信号后输出。
其中，上述第二光信号可以承载与该第二相干收发机30对应的下行数据包括的信息，也可以承载多个下行数据包括的信息，即第二光信号可以为单个光信号，还可以为包括多个光信号的合成信号，具体的，第二光信号属于哪类光信号可以根据光传输单元20的处理能力而定，如当光传输单元20为图3所示的光交换器件时，第二光信号为单个光信号，当光传输单元20为图4a所示的光功率分路器202时，第二光信号可以包括N路第一光信号。
该第二光信号可以包括位于第一偏振态的子信号和位于第二偏振态的子信号，因每个偏振态上承载下行数据包括的全部信息，因此，对于第二相干收发机30而言，接收哪个偏振态上的信号都可以解调出下行数据包括的完整的信息，即上述将本振光和光传输单元20输出的第二光信号进行耦合可以指：将本振光和第二光信号中位于第一偏振态的信号进行耦合或者将本振光和第二光信号中位于第二偏振态的信号进行耦合，不需要通过偏振光分束器来接收不同偏振态的信号。具体的，耦合器301的工作原理可参照现有技术，在此不再赘述。
例如，上述承载第1路下行数据包括的信息和第2路下行数据包括的信息的第一信号光：
Figure PCTCN2018103313-appb-000014
经过光传输单元20处理后形成与第1路下行数据对应的第二光信号：
Figure PCTCN2018103313-appb-000015
以及与第2路下行数据对应的第二光信号：
Figure PCTCN2018103313-appb-000016
假设第二相干收发机301接收到与第1路下行数据对应的第二光信号，则第二相干收发机301可以用
Figure PCTCN2018103313-appb-000017
和本振光进行耦合。
上述本振光可以为第二相干收发机30之外的外置独立光源产生的光，还可以为由第二相干收发机30包括的本地振荡器，如双端电吸收调制激光器(double-side electlro-absorption modulated laser，DS-EML)产生的光。例如，图5a为第二相干收发机30的简化示意图，如图5a所示，将上行数据发送时采用的发射激光器作为本地振荡(local oscillator，LO)器，产生耦合器301需要的本振光；图5b为第二相干收发机30的又一种简化示意图，如图5b所示，在第二相干耦合器301之外配置一个振荡器，产生耦合器301需要的本振光。
第i个第二相干收发机包括的光电转换组件302，可以用于将耦合器301输出的至少一路耦合光信号进行光电转换，形成至少一路电信号后输出。
其中，上述对耦合光信号进行光电转换可以指：将耦合光信号转换为电信号，具体的，其工作过程可以参照现有技术，在此不再赘述。
第i个第二相干收发机包括的数字信号处理单元303，可以用于将光电转换组件302输出的至少一路电信号进行数字信号处理，解调出所述第i路第二光信号承载的下行数据中的信息。
其中，上述数字信号处理过程可参照现有技术，如图5c所示，该数字信号处理单元303可以用于进行下述处理：频偏估计、信号下变频，恢复出同相信息(in phase)和正交相信息(quadrature phase)，接着进行低通滤波去除带外噪声(如去除上述拍频噪声和直流分量)，然后依次进行色散补偿、频偏补偿/载波相位补偿，最后进行时钟/帧同步操作、空时分组解码、信道均衡、数据解调恢复出下行数据包括的信息。
需要说明的是，当第二光信号承载多个下行数据包括的信息时，可以在数字处理单元处增加一个电域滤波器，将经过耦合、光电转换后的信号中的下行数据分离开来，仅解调出第二相干收发机30对应的下行数据中的信息。
例如，相干收发机1接收下行数据1，相干收发机2仅接收下行数据2，假设光功率分路器202将承载有下行数据1和下行数据2的信号发送至相干收发机1，相干收发机1将该信号经耦合、光电转换处理后，传输至数字处理单元，由数字处理单元将下行数据1和下行数据2分离处理，实现该相干收发机1只接收下行数据1。
可选的，上述耦合器301为如图6a所示的2x1耦合器，该2x1耦合器可以指：该耦合器具有两输入端一个输出端。在本发明实施例中，该两个输入端中的一个用于接收光传输单元20输出的第二光信号，一个用于接收本振光，一个输出端用于输出一路耦合光信号，此时，上述光电转换组件302包括一个光电探测器。其中，光电探测器主要用于将光信号转换为电信号，2x1耦合器和光电探测器的其工作原理可参照现有技术，在此不再赘述。
例如，假设第二光信号为E S(t)，本振信号为E LO(t)，这两个信号经图6a所示的2x1耦合器后输出的一路耦合光信号为：
Figure PCTCN2018103313-appb-000018
或者
Figure PCTCN2018103313-appb-000019
假设耦合光信号为
Figure PCTCN2018103313-appb-000020
该耦合光信号经过光电转换后形成的电信号为：
Figure PCTCN2018103313-appb-000021
其中，E S(t)为
Figure PCTCN2018103313-appb-000022
E LO(t)为本振光
Figure PCTCN2018103313-appb-000023
A LO为本振光的幅度，w LO为本振光的频率，θ LO为本振光的的相位，
Figure PCTCN2018103313-appb-000024
为拍频噪声，
Figure PCTCN2018103313-appb-000025
为直流分量，w IF(t)为第二信号光的频率和本振光的频率的差值，R为光电探测器的响应深度。
上述耦合器301还可以为如图6b、图6c所示的2x2耦合器，该2x2耦合器可以指：该耦合器具有两个输入端两个输出端，在本发明实施例中，该两个输入端中的一个用于接收光传输单元20输出的第二光信号，一个用于接收本振光，两个输出端用于输出两路耦合光信号，此时，光电转换组件302可以包括如图6b所示的一个平衡光电探测器或者如图6c所示的两个光电探测器。具体的，2x2耦合器和平衡光电探测器的工作原理可参照现有技术，在此不再赘述。
例如，假设第二光信号为E s，本振信号为E L，这两个信号经图6b或6c所示的2x2耦合器301后输出的两路耦合光信号为：
Figure PCTCN2018103313-appb-000026
和
Figure PCTCN2018103313-appb-000027
上述两个耦合光信号经图6b所示的平衡光电探测器后得到的电信号为：
Figure PCTCN2018103313-appb-000028
上述两个耦合光信号分别对应经过图6d所示的两个光电探测器后得到的电信号分别为：
Figure PCTCN2018103313-appb-000029
Figure PCTCN2018103313-appb-000030
由上可知，当第二相干收发机包括平衡光电探测器时，该平衡光电探测器可以去除电信号中的拍频噪声和直流噪声，此时，数字处理单元在进行数字处理时可以去除图5c中的低通滤波过程。
上述耦合器301还可以为如图6d所示的3x3耦合器，该3x3耦合器为常规的3x3耦合器，具有三个输入端三个输出端，在本发明实施例中，3x3耦合器的三个输入端中的任意两个输入端可以分别用于接收光传输单元20输出的第二光信号和本振光，剩余的一个输入端设置为零(如将其接地)，三个输出端用于输出三路耦合光信号，三个输出端输出的光信号的功率比为1:1:1。此时，第二相干收发机30中的光电转换组 件302可以包括三个光电探测器。具体的，3x3耦合器和光电探测器的工作原理可参照现有技术，在此不再赘述。
例如，假设第二光信号为E s，本振信号为E L，这两个信号经3x3耦合器、以及三个光电探测器处理后分别输出的三路电信号为：
Figure PCTCN2018103313-appb-000031
其中，
Figure PCTCN2018103313-appb-000032
kl＝2π/9上述三路电信号经数字信号处理后，可以恢复出下行数据的同相信息I I和正交相信息I Q：
Figure PCTCN2018103313-appb-000033
上述耦合器301还可以为如图6e所示的非对称3x3耦合器，非对称3x3耦合器具有三个输入端三个输出端，三个输出端输出的光信号的功率比为1:2:2。在本发明实施例中，非对称3x3耦合器的三个输入端中的第一输入端和第三输入端可以分别用于接收光传输单元20输出的第二光信号和本振光，剩余的一个输入端设置为零(如将其接地)，第一输出端和第二输出端用于输出两路耦合光信号，此时，第二相干收发机30中的光电转换组件302可以包括两个光电探测器。具体的，3x3耦合器和光电探测器的工作原理可参照现有技术，在此不再赘述。
例如，假设第二光信号为E s，本振信号为E L，这两个信号经非对称3x3耦合器、以及两个光电探测器处理后分别输出的两路电信号为：
Figure PCTCN2018103313-appb-000034
需要说明的是，光信号传输***除上述所示单元之外，还可以包括其他单元，如：预加重单元、色散预补偿单元等，不予限制。
此外，在通信过程中，作为传输下行数据的逆过程，本发明实施例中的光信号传输***还可以用于传输上行数据，对上行数据进行处理。可以理解的是，传输上行数据可以是对传输下行数据的逆过程，也可以有一定的不同，如：
N个第二相干收发机30，还可以用于将N路上行数据进行调制，形成N路第三光信号后输出，其中，第j路第三光信号承载第j路上行数据包括的全部信息，所述j为大于等于1小于等于N的整数；
光传输单元20，还可以用于接收N路第二相相干收发机发出的N路第三光信号，将N路第三光信号进行传输处理，形成第二波分复用信号后输出，第二波分复用信号包括N路第三光信号，N路第三光信号的频率各不相同；
第一相干收发机10，还可以用于接收光传输单元20输出的第二波分复用信号， 通过数字信号处理获得N路第三光信号承载的上行数据中的信息。
具体的，所述N个第二相干收发机中的第j个第二相干收发机，具体用于将所述第j路上行数据与所述第j个第二相干收发机的光源进行调制，形成所述第j路第三光信号后输出；其中，该调制过程可参照现有技术，在此不再赘述。
下面结合上述光信号传输***，对本发明实施例提供的一种光信号传输方法进行详细描述，其中，下述方法实施例中的光信号传输***可对应包括图3、图3a、图3b所示的组成部件。需要说明的是，虽然在下述方法流程图中示出了逻辑顺序，但是在某些情况下，可以以不同于此处的顺序执行所示出或描述的步骤。
图7为本发明实施例提供的一种光信号传输方法，该方法可以应用于上述实施例的光信号传输***，该光信号传输***可以包括：第一相干收发机、光传输单元、N个第二相干收发机，如图7所示，该方法可以包括：
步骤701：第一相干收发机将N路下行数据转换为N路调制信号。
其中，N路调制信号的频率各不相同，N路调制信号中的一路包括：位于第一偏振态的第一子信号和位于第二偏振态的第二子信号，第一偏振态和第二偏振态正交，第一子信号和第二子信号承载该路调制信号对应的下行数据包括的全部信息。
其中，第一相干收发机将N路下行数据转换为N路调制信号的过程可参照上述实施例中的相关描述，在此不再赘述。
步骤702：第一相干收发机将N路调制信号转换为第一波分复用信号，并向光传输单元发送第一波分复用信号。
其中，第一波分复用信号可以包括N路第一光信号，N路第一光信号与N路调制信号对应，即第一光信号是由调制信号经数模转换、相干调制转换而来。
步骤703：光传输单元接收第一相干收发机发送的第一波分复用信号，通过传输处理将第一波分复用信号转换为N路第二光信号，向N个第二相干收发机对应发送N路第二光信号。
其中，光传输单元通过传输处理将第一波分复用信号转换为N路第二光信号可以包括：
光传输单元将第一波分复用信号包括的N路第一光信号分解为N路第二光信号，其中，N路第一光信号和N路第二光信号对应；或者，
光传输单元将第一波分复用信号复制成N路第二光信号，每路第二光信号的功率各不相同，且每路第二光信号包括N路第一光信号，即每路第二光信号承载有N路第一光信号承载的N路下行数据中的信息。
步骤704：N个第二相干收发机接收所述光传输单元发送的N路第二光信号，对所述N路第二光信号进行处理获得所述N路第二光信号承载的下行数据中的信息。
其中，第i个第二相干收发机对第i路第二光信号进行处理获得所述第i路第二光信号承载的下行数据中的信息，所述i为大于等于1小于等于N的整数。
其中，上述N个第二相干收发机对所述N路第二光信号进行处理获得所述N路第二光信号承载的下行数据中的信息的过程可参照上述实施例中的相关描述，在此不再赘述。
与现有技术相比，本发明实施例提供的光信号传输方法中，局端的相干收发机将 下行数据进行空时分组编码，编码到不同的偏振态上，且每个偏振态上的信号均承载下行数据包括的所有信息，如此，将空时编码后的信号进行相干解调发送给对端的相干收发机后，对端的相干收发机可以在任一偏振态上接收光信号，对该光信号进行耦合、数字信号处理获得该信号承载的信息，不需要在接收端的相干收发机处设计偏振光分束器，降低了接收端相干收发机的设计成本。
可选的，第一相干收发机包括：N组处理单元、合路单元、数模转换器、相干调制器，N组处理单元与N路下行数据对应，每组处理单元包括：符号调制单元、空时分组编码单元、频域调制单元；
上述第一相干收发机将N路下行数据中的一路转换为调制信号，具体包括：
N组处理单元分别对N路下行数据进行符号调制、空时分组编码、频域调制，形成N路调制信号后输出，其中，第i组处理单元对第i路下行数据进行符号调制、空时分组编码处理、频域调制，形成第i路调制信号后输出。
第i组处理单元包括：符号调制单元、空时分组编码单元、频域调制单元；第i组处理单元对第i路下行数据进行符号调制、空时分组编码处理、频域调制，形成第i路调制信号后输出，具体包括：
符号调制单元对下行数据进行符号调制，形成包括至少一个符号的信号后输出；空时分组编码单元对符号调制单元输出的信号进行偏振和时间维度的空时编码，形成空时编码信号后输出；频域调制单元对空时分组编码单元输出的空时编码信号进行频域调制，形成一路调制信号后输出；
上述第一相干收发机将N路调制信号转换为第一波分复用信号，具体包括：合路单元对N组处理单元输出的N路调制信号进行合路，形成合路信号后输出；数模转换器将合路单元输出的合路信号进行数模转换，形成模拟信号后输出；相干调制器采用第一光载波对数模转换单元输出的模拟信号进行相干调制，形成第一波分复用信号后输出。
可选的，第i个第二相干收发机，包括：耦合器、光电转换组件以及数字处理单元；所述第i个第二相干收发机对第i路第二光信号进行处理获得所述第i路第二光信号承载的下行数据中的信息，具体包括：
耦合器将本振光和所述第i个第二相干收发机接收到的第i路第二光信号进行耦合，形成至少一路耦合光信号后输出；光电转换组件将耦合器输出的至少一路耦合光信号进行光电转换，形成至少一路电信号后输出；数字信号处理单元将光电转换组件输出的至少一路电信号进行数字信号处理，解调出第i路第二光信号承载的下行数据中的信息。
可选的，该方法实施例中用到的耦合器、光电转换组件为：
耦合器为2x1耦合器，光电转换组件包括一个光电探测器；或者，
耦合器为2x2耦合器，光电转换组件包括一个平衡光电探测器或两个光电探测器；或者，
耦合器为3x3耦合器，光电转换组件包括三个光电探测器，或者，
耦合器为非对称3x3耦合器，光电转换组件包括二个光电探测器。
可选的，第i个第二相干收发机还包括本地振荡激光器，所述本地振动激光器用 于产生所述本振光，以及作为所述第i个第二相干收发机的光源；或者，所述本振光由所述第i个第二相干收发机之外的本地振荡器产生。
可选的，光传输单元包括：光交换器件，或者光功率分路器，或者光交换器件和光功率分路器。
在通信过程中，作为传输下行数据的逆过程，本发明实施例中的光信号传输方法还包括传输上行数据，对上行数据进行处理。可以理解的是，传输上行数据可以是对传输下行数据的逆过程，也可以有一定的不同，具体的，所述方法还包括：
N个第二相干收发机将N路上行数据进行调制，形成N路第三光信号后输出，其中，第j路第三光信号承载第j路上行数据包括的全部信息，j为大于等于1小于等于N的整数；
光传输单元接收N路第二相干收发机发出的N路第三光信号，将N路第三光信号进行传输处理，形成第二波分复用信号后输出，第二波分复用信号包括N路第三光信号，N路第三光信号的频率各不相同；
第一相干收发机接收光传输单元输出的第二波分复用信号，通过数字信号处理获得N路第三光信号承载的上行数据中的信息。
其中，N个第二相干收发机中的第j个第二相干收发机将第j路上行数据进行调制，形成第j路第三光信号后输出，具体包括：
第j个第二相干收发机将第j路上行数据与第j个第二相干收发机的光源进行调制，形成第j路第三光信号后输出。
可以理解的是，本实施例中的方法中一些具体或扩展描述可以参考上一实施例中的描述，在此不予赘述。
下面以第一相干收发机发送下行数据1、下行数据2、下行数据3，光传输单元为光交换器件，第二相干收发机1解调下行数据1，第二相干收发机2解调下行数据2，第三相干收发机3解调下行数据3为例对上述光信号传输方法进行详细介绍：
第一相干收发机分别对下行数据1、下行数据2、下行数据3进行符号调制、空时分组编码、频域调制，得到调制信号1、调制信号2、调制信号3，每个调制信号的频率各不相同，如：调制信号且每个调制信号包括两个相互正交的偏振态上的信号，调制信号1的两个偏振态上的信号分别承载有下行数据1包括的全部信息，调制信号2的两个偏振态上的分别承载有下行数据2包括的全部信息，调制信号3的两个偏振态上的信号分别承载有下行数据3包括的全部信息；
第一相干收发机再将调制信号1、调制信号2、调制信号3经合并、数模转换、相干调制处理得到包括3个第一光信号的波分复用信号，并输出该波分复用信号；其中，3个第一光信号分别为：与调制信号1对应的第一光信号1、与调制信号2对应的第二光信号2、以及与调制信号3对应的第三光信号3，第一光信号1承载下行数据1中包括的全部信息，第二光信号2承载下行数据2中包括的全部信息，第三光信号3承载下行数据3中包括的全部信息；
光交换器件接收该波分复用信号，将该波分复用信号分解为3个第二光信号，向三个第二相干收发机对应发送该3个第二光信号，其中，3个第二光信号分别为：与第一光信号1对应的第二光信号1、与第一光信号2对应的第二光信号2、以及与第一 光信号3对应的第三光信号3，第二光信号1承载下行数据1中包括的全部信息，第二光信号2承载下行数据2中包括的全部信息，第三光信号3承载下行数据3中包括的全部信息；
第二相干收发机1接收第二光信号1，将该第二光信号1经耦合、光电转换、数字信号处理解调出第二光信号1承载的下行数据1包括的信息；
第二相干收发机2接收第二光信号2，将该第二光信号2经耦合、光电转换、数字信号处理解调出第二光信号2承载的下行数据2包括的信息；
第二相干收发机3接收第二光信号3，将该第二光信号3经耦合、光电转换、数字信号处理解调出第二光信号3承载的下行数据3包括的信息。
下面以第一相干收发机发送下行数据1、下行数据2、下行数据3，光传输单元为光功率分路器，第二相干收发机1解调下行数据1，第二相干收发机2解调下行数据2，第三相干收发机3解调下行数据3为例对上述光信号传输方法进行详细介绍：
第一相干收发机分别对下行数据1、下行数据2、下行数据3进行符号调制、空时分组编码、频域调制，得到调制信号1、调制信号2、调制信号3，每个调制信号的频率各不相同，如：调制信号且每个调制信号包括两个相互正交的偏振态上的信号，调制信号1的两个偏振态上的信号分别承载有下行数据1包括的全部信息，调制信号2的两个偏振态上的分别承载有下行数据2包括的全部信息，调制信号3的两个偏振态上的信号分别承载有下行数据3包括的全部信息；
第一相干收发机再将调制信号1、调制信号2、调制信号3经合并、数模转换、相干调制处理得到包括3个第一光信号的波分复用信号，并输出该波分复用信号；其中，3个第一光信号分别为：与调制信号1对应的第一光信号1、与调制信号2对应的第二光信号2、以及与调制信号3对应的第三光信号3，第一光信号1承载下行数据1中包括的全部信息，第二光信号2承载下行数据2中包括的全部信息，第三光信号3承载下行数据3中包括的全部信息；
光功率分路器接收该波分复用信号，将该波分复用信号分解为3个第二光信号，向三个第二相干收发机对应发送该3个第二光信号，其中，3个第二光信号为：第二光信号1、第二光信号2、以及第二光信号3，第二光信号1承载下行数据1、下行数据2、下行数据3中包括的全部信息，第二光信号2承载下行数据1、下行数据2、下行数据3中包括的全部信息，第二光信号3承载下行数据1、下行数据2、下行数据3中包括的全部信息；
第二相干收发机1接收第二光信号1，将该第二光信号1经耦合、光电转换处理得到电信号，再电域过滤出仅承载有下行数据1的信号，将过滤后的信号经数字信号处理解调出下行数据1包括的信息；
第二相干收发机2接收第二光信号2，将该第二光信号2经耦合、光电转换处理得到电信号，再电域过滤出仅承载有下行数据2的信号，将过滤后的信号经数字信号处理解调出下行数据2包括的信息；
第二相干收发机3接收第二光信号3，将该第二光信号3经耦合、光电转换处理得到电信号，再电域过滤出仅承载有下行数据3的信号，将过滤后的信号经数字信号处理解调出下行数据3包括的信息。
其中，上述电域过滤的方式可参照现有技术，在此不再赘述。
通过以上的实施方式的描述，所属领域的技术人员可以清楚地了解到，为描述的方便和简洁，仅以上述各功能模块的划分进行举例说明，实际应用中，可以根据需要而将上述功能分配由不同的功能模块完成，即将装置的内部结构划分成不同的功能模块，以完成以上描述的全部或者部分功能。
在本申请所提供的几个实施例中，应该理解到，所揭露的装置和方法，可以通过其它的方式实现。例如，以上所描述的装置实施例仅仅是示意性的，例如，所述模块或单元的划分，仅仅为一种逻辑功能划分，实际实现时可以有另外的划分方式，例如多个单元或组件可以结合或者可以集成到另一个装置，或一些特征可以忽略，或不执行。另一点，所显示或讨论的相互之间的耦合或直接耦合或通信连接可以是通过一些接口，装置或单元的间接耦合或通信连接，可以是电性，机械或其它的形式。
所述作为分离部件说明的单元可以是或者也可以不是物理上分开的，作为单元显示的部件可以是一个物理单元或多个物理单元，即可以位于一个地方，或者也可以分布到多个不同地方。可以根据实际的需要选择其中的部分或者全部单元来实现本实施例方案的目的。
另外，在本发明各个实施例中的各功能单元可以集成在一个处理单元中，也可以是各个单元单独物理存在，也可以两个或两个以上单元集成在一个单元中。上述集成的单元既可以采用硬件的形式实现，也可以采用软件功能单元的形式实现。
所述集成的单元如果以软件功能单元的形式实现并作为独立的产品销售或使用时，可以存储在一个可读取存储介质中。基于这样的理解，本发明实施例的技术方案本质上或者说对现有技术做出贡献的部分或者该技术方案的全部或部分可以以软件产品的形式体现出来，该软件产品存储在一个存储介质中，包括若干指令用以使得一个设备(可以是单片机，芯片等)或处理器(processor)执行本发明各个实施例所述方法的全部或部分步骤。而前述的存储介质包括：U盘、移动硬盘、ROM、RAM、磁碟或者光盘等各种可以存储程序代码的介质。
以上所述，仅为本发明的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何在本发明揭露的技术范围内的变化或替换，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此，本发明的保护范围应以所述权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims (20)

  1. 一种光信号传输***，其特征在于，包括：第一相干收发机、光传输单元、N个第二相干收发机；
    所述第一相干收发机，用于将N路下行数据转换为N路调制信号，其中，所述N路调制信号的频率各不相同，所述N路调制信号中的一路包括：位于第一偏振态的第一子信号和位于第二偏振态的第二子信号，所述第一偏振态和所述第二偏振态正交，所述第一子信号和所述第二子信号承载该路调制信号对应的下行数据包含的全部信息；
    所述第一相干收发机，还用于将所述N路调制信号转换为第一波分复用信号，并向所述光传输单元发送所述第一波分复用信号，其中，所述第一波分复用信号包含N路第一光信号，所述N路第一光信号与所述N路调制信号对应；
    所述光传输单元，用于接收所述第一相干收发机发送的第一波分复用信号，通过传输处理将所述第一波分复用信号转换为N路第二光信号，向所述N个第二相干收发机对应发送所述N路第二光信号；
    所述N个第二相干收发机，用于接收所述光传输单元发送的N路第二光信号，对所述N路第二光信号进行处理获得所述N路第二光信号承载的下行数据中的信息，其中，第i个第二相干收发机，用于对第i路第二光信号进行处理获得所述第i路第二光信号承载的下行数据中的信息，所述i为大于等于1小于等于N的整数。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的光信号传输***，其特征在于，所述第一相干收发机包括：
    N组处理单元，用于分别对所述N路下行数据进行符号调制、空时分组编码、频域调制，形成N路调制信号后输出，其中，第i组处理单元，用于对第i路下行数据进行符号调制、空时分组编码处理、频域调制，形成第i路调制信号后输出。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的光信号传输***，其特征在于，所述第i组处理单元包括：
    符号调制单元，用于对所述第i路下行数据进行符号调制，形成包含至少一个符号的信号后输出；
    空时分组编码单元，用于对所述符号调制单元输出的信号进行偏振和时间维度的空时编码，形成空时编码信号后输出；
    频域调制单元，用于对所述空时分组编码单元输出的空时编码信号进行频域调制，形成所述第i路调制信号后输出。
  4. 根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的光信号传输***，其特征在于，所述第一相干收发机还包括：
    合路单元，用于对所述N组处理单元输出的N路调制信号进行合路，形成合路信号后输出；
    数模转换器，用于将所述合路单元输出的合路信号进行数模转换，形成模拟信号后输出；
    相干调制器，用于采用第一光载波对所述数模转换单元输出的模拟信号进行相干调制，形成第一波分复用信号后输出。
  5. 根据权利要求1-4任一项所述的光信号传输***，其特征在于，所述第i个第二相干收发机，包括：
    耦合器，用于将本振光和所述第i个第二相干收发机接收到的第i路第二光信号进行耦合，形成至少一路耦合光信号后输出；
    光电转换组件，用于将所述耦合器输出的至少一路耦合光信号进行光电转换，形成至少一路电信号后输出；
    数字信号处理单元，用于将所述光电转换组件输出的至少一路电信号进行数字信号处理，解调出所述第i路第二光信号承载的下行数据中的信息。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的光信号传输***，其特征在于，
    所述耦合器为2x1耦合器，所述光电转换组件包括一个光电探测器；或者，
    所述耦合器为2x2耦合器，所述光电转换组件包括一个平衡光电探测器或两个光电探测器；或者，
    所述耦合器为3x3耦合器，所述光电转换组件包括三个光电探测器，或者，
    所述耦合器为非对称3x3耦合器，所述光电转换组件包括二个光电探测器。
  7. 根据权利要求5或者6所述的光信号传输***，其特征在于，
    所述第i个第二相干收发机还包括本地振荡激光器，所述本地振动激光器用于产生所述本振光，以及作为所述第i个第二相干收发机的光源；或者，
    所述本振光由所述第i个第二相干收发机之外的本地振荡器产生。
  8. 根据权利要求1-7任一项所述的光信号传输***，其特征在于，
    所述光传输单元包括：光交换器件，或者光功率分路器，或者光交换器件和光功率分路器。
  9. 根据权利要求1-8任一项所述的光信号传输***，其特征在于，
    所述N个第二相干收发机，还用于将N路上行数据进行调制，形成N路第三光信号后输出，其中，第j路第三光信号承载第j路上行数据包括的全部信息，所述j为大于等于1小于等于N的整数；
    所述光传输单元，还用于接收所述N路第二相干收发机发出的N路第三光信号，将所述N路第三光信号进行传输处理，形成第二波分复用信号后输出，所述第二波分复用信号包括所述N路第三光信号，所述N路第三光信号的频率各不相同；
    所述第一相干收发机，还用于接收所述光传输单元输出的第二波分复用信号，通过数字信号处理获得所述N路第三光信号承载的上行数据中的信息。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的光信号传输***，其特征在于，
    所述N个第二相干收发机中的第j个第二相干收发机，具体用于将所述第j路上行数据与所述第j个第二相干收发机的光源进行调制，形成所述第j路第三光信号后输出。
  11. 一种光信号传输方法，其特征在于，所述方法应用于光信号传输***，所述光信号传输***包括：第一相干收发机、光传输单元、N个第二相干收发机，所述方法包括：
    所述第一相干收发机将N路下行数据转换为N路调制信号，其中，所述N路调制信号的频率各不相同，所述N路调制信号中的一路包括：位于第一偏振态的第一子 信号和位于第二偏振态的第二子信号，所述第一偏振态和所述第二偏振态正交，所述第一子信号和所述第二子信号承载该路调制信号对应的下行数据包含的全部信息；
    所述第一相干收发机将所述N路调制信号转换为第一波分复用信号，并向所述光传输单元发送所述第一波分复用信号，其中，所述第一波分复用信号包含N路第一光信号，所述N路第一光信号与所述N路调制信号对应；
    所述光传输单元接收所述第一相干收发机发送的第一波分复用信号，通过传输处理将所述第一波分复用信号转换为N路第二光信号，向所述N个第二相干收发机对应发送所述N路第二光信号；
    所述N个第二相干收发机接收所述光传输单元发送的N路第二光信号，对所述N路第二光信号进行处理获得所述N路第二光信号承载的下行数据中的信息，其中，第i个第二相干收发机对第i路第二光信号进行处理获得所述第i路第二光信号承载的下行数据中的信息，所述i为大于等于1小于等于N的整数。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的光信号传输方法，其特征在于，所述第一相干收发机包括：N组处理单元；所述第一相干收发机将N路下行数据中的一路转换为调制信号，具体包括：
    所述N组处理单元分别对所述N路下行数据进行符号调制、空时分组编码、频域调制，形成N路调制信号后输出，其中，第i组处理单元对第i路下行数据进行符号调制、空时分组编码处理、频域调制，形成第i路调制信号后输出。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的光信号传输方法，其特征在于，所述第i组处理单元包括：符号调制单元、空时分组编码单元、频域调制单元；所述第i组处理单元对第i路下行数据进行符号调制、空时分组编码处理、频域调制，形成第i路调制信号后输出，具体包括：
    所述符号调制单元对所述第i路下行数据进行符号调制，形成包含至少一个符号的信号后输出；
    所述空时分组编码单元对所述符号调制单元输出的信号进行偏振和时间维度的空时编码，形成空时编码信号后输出；
    所述频域调制单元对所述空时分组编码单元输出的空时编码信号进行频域调制，形成所述第i路调制信号后输出。
  14. 根据权利要求11-13任一项所述的光信号传输方法，其特征在于，所述第一相干收发机还包括：合路单元、数模转换器、相干调制器；所述第一相干收发机将所述N路调制信号转换为第一波分复用信号，具体包括：
    所述合路单元对所述N组处理单元输出的N路调制信号进行合路，形成合路信号后输出；
    所述数模转换器将所述合路单元输出的合路信号进行数模转换，形成模拟信号后输出；
    所述相干调制器采用第一光载波对所述数模转换单元输出的模拟信号进行相干调制，形成第一波分复用信号后输出。
  15. 根据权利要求11-14任一项所述的光信号传输方法，其特征在于，所述第i个第二相干收发机，包括：耦合器、光电转换组件以及数字处理单元；所述第i个第 二相干收发机对第i路第二光信号进行处理获得所述第i路第二光信号承载的下行数据中的信息，具体包括：
    所述耦合器将本振光和所述第i个第二相干收发机接收到的第i路第二光信号进行耦合，形成至少一路耦合光信号后输出；
    所述光电转换组件将所述耦合器输出的至少一路耦合光信号进行光电转换，形成至少一路电信号后输出；
    所述数字信号处理单元将所述光电转换组件输出的至少一路电信号进行数字信号处理，解调出所述第i路第二光信号承载的下行数据中的信息。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的光信号传输方法，其特征在于，
    所述耦合器为2x1耦合器，所述光电转换组件包括一个光电探测器；或者，
    所述耦合器为2x2耦合器，所述光电转换组件包括一个平衡光电探测器或两个光电探测器；或者，
    所述耦合器为3x3耦合器，所述光电转换组件包括三个光电探测器，或者，
    所述耦合器为非对称3x3耦合器，所述光电转换组件包括二个光电探测器。
  17. 根据权利要求15或者16所述的光信号传输方法，其特征在于，
    所述第i个第二相干收发机还包括本地振荡激光器，所述本地振动激光器用于产生所述本振光，以及作为所述第i个第二相干收发机的光源；或者，
    所述本振光由所述第i个第二相干收发机之外的本地振荡器产生。
  18. 根据权利要求11-17任一项所述的光信号传输方法，其特征在于，
    所述光传输单元包括：光交换器件，或者光功率分路器，或者光交换器件和光功率分路器。
  19. 根据权利要求11-18任一项所述的光信号传输方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    所述N个第二相干收发机将N路上行数据进行调制，形成N路第三光信号后输出，其中，第j路第三光信号承载第j路上行数据包括的全部信息，所述j为大于等于1小于等于N的整数；
    所述光传输单元接收所述N路第二相干收发机发出的N路第三光信号，将所述N路第三光信号进行传输处理，形成第二波分复用信号后输出，所述第二波分复用信号包括所述N路第三光信号，所述N路第三光信号的频率各不相同；
    所述第一相干收发机接收所述光传输单元输出的第二波分复用信号，通过数字信号处理获得所述N路第三光信号承载的上行数据中的信息。
  20. 根据权利要求19所述的光信号传输方法，其特征在于，所述N个第二相干收发机中的第j个第二相干收发机将第j路上行数据进行调制，形成第j路第三光信号后输出，具体包括：
    所述第j个第二相干收发机将所述第j路上行数据与所述第j个第二相干收发机的光源进行调制，形成所述第j路第三光信号后输出。
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