WO2019021476A1 - Prophylactic or therapeutic agent for allergic symptom - Google Patents

Prophylactic or therapeutic agent for allergic symptom Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019021476A1
WO2019021476A1 PCT/JP2017/027526 JP2017027526W WO2019021476A1 WO 2019021476 A1 WO2019021476 A1 WO 2019021476A1 JP 2017027526 W JP2017027526 W JP 2017027526W WO 2019021476 A1 WO2019021476 A1 WO 2019021476A1
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Prior art keywords
administration
water
preparation
therapeutic agent
soluble base
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PCT/JP2017/027526
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French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
英寿 松波
慎 林
典子 佐々木
智美 吉川
Original Assignee
社会医療法人蘇西厚生会 まつなみリサーチパーク
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Priority to PCT/JP2017/027526 priority Critical patent/WO2019021476A1/en
Publication of WO2019021476A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019021476A1/en

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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/06Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite
    • A61K47/26Carbohydrates, e.g. sugar alcohols, amino sugars, nucleic acids, mono-, di- or oligo-saccharides; Derivatives thereof, e.g. polysorbates, sorbitan fatty acid esters or glycyrrhizin
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/30Macromolecular organic or inorganic compounds, e.g. inorganic polyphosphates
    • A61K47/32Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. carbomers, poly(meth)acrylates, or polyvinyl pyrrolidone
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/30Macromolecular organic or inorganic compounds, e.g. inorganic polyphosphates
    • A61K47/36Polysaccharides; Derivatives thereof, e.g. gums, starch, alginate, dextrin, hyaluronic acid, chitosan, inulin, agar or pectin
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/30Macromolecular organic or inorganic compounds, e.g. inorganic polyphosphates
    • A61K47/36Polysaccharides; Derivatives thereof, e.g. gums, starch, alginate, dextrin, hyaluronic acid, chitosan, inulin, agar or pectin
    • A61K47/38Cellulose; Derivatives thereof

Definitions

  • the present specification relates to an agent for the prophylaxis or treatment of allergic symptoms.
  • Substances that occur routinely such as food, drugs, pollen, mites, house dust, etc., become allergens for humans, and diseases causing allergic symptoms are allergic diseases.
  • Representative allergic diseases include food allergy, drug allergy, hay fever, atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, bronchial asthma and the like.
  • allergic reactions that cause allergic diseases Among the allergic reactions that cause allergic diseases, allergic reactions that cause allergic symptoms within several hours immediately after the entry of an allergen into the body are classified into type I (immediate type). Many allergic diseases are classified into this immediate type.
  • anaphylaxis is the most severe one. Anaphylaxis causes systemic allergic symptoms in a very short time, or multiple allergic symptoms appear simultaneously. Furthermore, when a shock symptom such as a drop in blood pressure or consciousness level or dyspnea appears, it is referred to as anaphylactic shock. When anaphylaxis or anaphylactic shock occurs, life may be at risk if appropriate measures and treatments are not taken promptly.
  • Adrenaline self-injection medication should be given.
  • a combination drug with an antidepressant is disclosed as an adrenergic self-injection drug (Patent Document 1).
  • anaphylaxis and anaphylaxis shock There are various measures for anaphylaxis and anaphylaxis shock.
  • patients who die due to anaphylactic shock and the like are not, however, on the decrease.
  • adrenergic self-injection drugs it may be difficult to judge the administration by surrounding family members or faculty members, and there may be fear and resistance to injection.
  • they are low in the level of expertise in administration of injections and can not always be administered reliably.
  • adrenergic self-injection drugs can only be prescribed for people with high potential for anaphylaxis, and can only be used by those who are prescribed. For this reason, if an anaphylaxis has never occurred before, it may not be possible to take emergency measures.
  • self-injection drugs also require regular education and training for their administration.
  • patients with high potential such as anaphylaxis need to carry an adrenaline self-injection drug at all times.
  • the present specification provides an agent for the prophylaxis or treatment of allergic symptoms suitable for prompt and simple administration in response to allergic symptoms including anaphylaxis and anaphylactic shock.
  • the present inventors as a dosage form which can easily and rapidly and easily administer adrenalin without resistance to administration, can be easily administered by using a water-soluble base as a dosage form containing an active ingredient.
  • a water-soluble base as a dosage form containing an active ingredient.
  • a preparation for preventing or treating allergic symptoms which is A water soluble base, An active ingredient useful for the prevention or treatment of the allergic condition, which is contained by being dissolved or dispersed in the water-soluble base;
  • a preparation that is a transmucosal administration agent comprising: [2] The preparation according to [1], wherein the water-soluble base material comprises an emulsifier having an HLB value of 14.0 or more.
  • [5] The preparation according to any one of [1] to [4], which is an agent for oral mucosal administration.
  • [6] The preparation according to any one of [1] to [5], which is for sublingual administration.
  • a preparation for preventing or treating allergic symptoms which is A water soluble base, Adrenaline contained in a solution or dispersion in the water-soluble base, Equipped with The water-soluble substrate comprises an emulsifier having an HLB value of 14.0 or more,
  • the allergic symptoms are anaphylaxis or anaphylactic shock,
  • the disclosure of the present specification relates to an agent for preventing or treating allergic symptoms.
  • the agent for the prophylaxis or treatment of allergic symptoms disclosed in the present specification (hereinafter simply referred to as the present therapeutic agent) comprises a water-soluble base and a preventive for allergic symptoms contained in the water-soluble base in a dissolved or dispersed state. Or an active ingredient effective for treatment.
  • the therapeutic agent is applied not only to primates including humans but also to companion animals such as dogs, cats and rabbits, and mammals such as domestic animals such as cattle, horses, pigs, sheep and goats.
  • the therapeutic agent can be a transmucosal administration agent which uses a mucous membrane as an administration route.
  • the agent for transmucosal administration refers to a dosage form in which a mucous membrane easily accessible from the outside, such as a body cavity mucous membrane, is used as the administration route.
  • the agent for transmucosal administration uses the mucous membrane of the body cavity as the administration route.
  • it is a simple method of supplying the therapeutic agent to mucous membranes such as oral mucosa of individual mammals such as human patients for the prevention or treatment of allergic symptoms.
  • the active ingredient can be reliably administered for the prevention of allergic symptoms and the like.
  • a dosage form for example, the patient himself / herself and surrounding people also do not need any special training for administration, and the required medicines can be promptly obtained without any loss compared to the conventional administration form by intramuscular injection. It can be administered.
  • a dosage form that requires no fluid and does not require swallowing, in particular, supply to body cavity mucous membranes such as oral mucous membranes is particularly useful in the case of anaphylaxis or anaphylactic shock where urgency is required.
  • the therapeutic agent is administered sublingually.
  • Sublingual administration makes it easy to identify the position of administration and to maintain the oral cavity during administration to an allergic individual, and is less likely to be accidentally swallowed.
  • oral administration subcutaneous injection, intramuscular injection, intravenous injection, intraarterial injection
  • buccal administration including sublingual administration, rectal administration, vaginal administration, eye drop, nasal administration , Inhalation (transtracheal), transdermal administration (poultice etc.).
  • injection subcutaneous injection, intramuscular injection, intravenous injection, intraarterial injection
  • buccal administration including sublingual administration, rectal administration, vaginal administration, eye drop, nasal administration , Inhalation (transtracheal), transdermal administration (poultice etc.
  • adrenaline When adrenaline is orally administered, adrenaline absorbed from the small intestine passes through the portal vein to the liver and passes to systemic blood, but there are many enzymes in the liver and the adrenaline is metabolized, so pharmacological action is Attenuates (first pass effect).
  • adrenaline when adrenaline is administered, it is in the form of injection such as intravenous injection or self-injection, but in buccal or sublingual administration, the active ingredient is directly transferred from the capillary network to the systemic circulation. Because it enters, it is rapidly transferred to tissues without being affected by the first pass effect and absorbed and immediate action is obtained.
  • the active ingredient is absorbed from the rectal mucosa and directly enters the systemic circulation through the inferior vena cava, so that it is rapidly absorbed without immediate effect and immediate action is obtained.
  • Sublingual administration is preferred because of the simplicity of the administration method.
  • the therapeutic agent can comprise a water soluble base. In this case, it can be administered via the mucous membrane etc. without intake of water at the time of administration. Furthermore, even when administered in the oral cavity of an individual with anaphylaxis or the like, the therapeutic agent is effectively retained on the oral mucosa and then disintegrates or dissolves to absorb the active ingredient from the oral mucosa. It will be realized quickly.
  • the water-soluble base of the present therapeutic agent has the form of a film or a tablet, it is convenient for carrying, excellent in portability, and convenient for administration.
  • there is no need to administer water and only supply to body cavity mucous membranes such as the oral cavity can be easily administered to individuals such as dysphagia, human patients of a wide range of ages from infants to elderly people. .
  • One embodiment of the present therapeutic agent can comprise a water-soluble base and an active ingredient useful for the prevention or treatment of allergic symptoms, which is contained by being dissolved or dispersed in the water-soluble base.
  • the present therapeutic agent contains a water-soluble base
  • the present therapeutic agent can have solubility or disintegrability on mucous membranes such as various body cavities.
  • the water-soluble base can have. It may be a molded body having a predetermined three-dimensional shape. When the water-soluble base is a molded product, the three-dimensional shape thereof is not particularly limited, and in addition to various forms, so-called films, tablets and the like, it may be shaped according to other portions to be administration sites.
  • the water-soluble base may be in the form of an irregular gel which can be filled in a container such as a tube or a capsule.
  • the film agent when the water-soluble base is a film agent having a film shape, the film agent can be in the form of a sheet having an appropriate planar shape and an appropriate thickness.
  • the thickness is not particularly limited, but in consideration of administration in the body cavity, it is preferable that the thickness is about 5 mm or less as a whole. More preferably, it is about 1 mm or less. More preferably, it is about 10 ⁇ m to 800 ⁇ m. Further, the upper limit is more preferably 600 ⁇ m or less, still more preferably 500 ⁇ m or less, and still more preferably 400 ⁇ m or less. The lower limit is preferably 40 ⁇ m or more. More preferably, it is 60 ⁇ m or more. Moreover, it is also preferable that they are 40 micrometers or more and 70 micrometers or less. Such a thickness is particularly preferable as a human sublingual administration.
  • the planar form of the film agent is not particularly limited. It is appropriately set according to the administration subject, administration site, content and the like. For example, a square shape, a rectangular shape, a circular shape, a shape in which these are combined, or a shape having a design imitating any natural product can be mentioned.
  • the size (area) is also not particularly limited, but can be, for example, about 30 mm 2 or more and 1500 mm 2 or less. More preferably, the lower limit is 40 mm 2 or more, more preferably 60 mm 2 or more, still more preferably 80 mm 2 or more, and still more preferably 100 mm 2 or more.
  • the upper limit is more preferably 1300 mm 2 or less, still more preferably 1000 mm 2 or less, and still more preferably 800 mm 2 or less.
  • the above area is particularly preferable as a human sublingual administration.
  • the mass of the film agent is not particularly limited, but can be 5 mg or more and 300 mg or less. More preferably, it is 10 mg or more and 100 mg or less, and still more preferably 40 mg or more and 80 mg or less.
  • the tablet When the water-soluble base is a tablet having a tablet shape, the tablet may be in the form of a cylinder or rod having a suitable shape and thickness, or in the form of a body cavity serving as an administration site. it can.
  • the rectal mucosa when used as the administration route, it may be in the form of a so-called suppository spindle.
  • its size can be arbitrarily set in accordance with the administration site and the like as compared to a film.
  • the thickness is not particularly limited, but it is preferably about 10 mm or less as a whole, and more preferably about 5 mm or less.
  • the present therapeutic agent may have a laminated structure having two or more water-soluble base layers, and the active ingredient may be contained in at least one water-soluble base layer.
  • the water-soluble base is a formed article such as a film or a tablet having a predetermined three-dimensional form, it is preferable that the present therapeutic agent has such a laminated structure.
  • the therapeutic agent When the therapeutic agent has such a layered structure, it may have a layered structure having three or more water-soluble base layers. Preferably it is four or less layers, More preferably, it is three or less layers.
  • the active ingredient may be contained in each layer, or may be contained in one or more specific layers.
  • one layer can contain two or more active ingredients, and different layers can contain different active ingredients.
  • an active ingredient is included in at least one layer, another active ingredient other than the active ingredient of this therapeutic agent can also be included in one or more other layers.
  • the mucoadhesive layer, the intermediate layer and the outer layer can be formed in the order of mucous membrane.
  • Mucoadhesive layers can be used primarily to improve adhesion to mucous membranes.
  • the intermediate layer can also be used mainly to contain the active ingredient.
  • the outer layer can be used mainly as a disintegrating control layer and a layer for imparting flavor and the like.
  • a mucoadhesive layer and an intermediate layer can also be used for controlling disintegrability and imparting a flavor.
  • the component for the stability of an active ingredient and the stability of a water-soluble base can be provided with respect to one or more layers, or all the layers as needed.
  • a component for example, glycerin, surfactant, etc.
  • glycerin, surfactant, etc. for imparting or improving the flexibility or the followability of the water-soluble base may be appropriately provided to any layer, two or more layers, or all layers. it can.
  • water-soluble matrix material As the water-soluble base, known water-soluble matrix materials intended for mucosal administration including oral mucosal administration can be appropriately selected and used.
  • the water-soluble matrix material is a material having water solubility and capable of contributing to the form as a solid, although having a predetermined shape or an irregular shape.
  • Water soluble polymers can generally be used as the water soluble matrix material.
  • Such water-soluble matrix materials are not particularly limited, and examples thereof include polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyvinyl alcohol, sodium polyacrylate, carboxymethyl cellulose, starch, xanthan gum, karaya gum, sodium alginate, methyl cellulose, carboxyvinyl polymer, agar, hydroxy Propyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose phthalate (HPMCP), cellulose acetate phthalate (alias: cellulose acetate phthalate, CAP), carboxymethyl ethyl cellulose (CMEC), ethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, tragacanth, gum arabic, locust bean gum, Guar gum, gellan gum, carrageenan ( Lagenan), dextrin, dextran, amylose, carboxymethylcellulose potassium, carboxymethylcellulose sodium, carboxymethylcellulose calcium, pullulan, chitosan, carboxymethylstarch sodium, plantago
  • the water-soluble matrix material is preferably one that exhibits adhesiveness by the action of saliva when introduced into the oral cavity and exhibits high adhesiveness to the oral mucous membrane, and specifically, in particular, pullulan, polyvinyl alcohol ( Particularly preferred is a base selected from the group consisting of PVA), hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC), polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP), gelatin, starch and mixtures thereof.
  • PVA polyvinyl alcohol
  • HPC hydroxypropyl cellulose
  • PVP polyvinyl pyrrolidone
  • gelatin starch and mixtures thereof.
  • water-soluble matrix material it is preferable to use a water-soluble matrix material composed of a polysaccharide having glucose as a basic structural unit and having no gelling point and a carboxylic acid or a sulfur-containing polysaccharide.
  • polysaccharides having glucose as a basic constituent unit include pullulan, alginic acid, starch and the like.
  • gellan gum, carrageenan etc. can be mentioned as carboxylic acid or sulfur-containing polysaccharide.
  • the content of the water-soluble matrix material is not particularly limited, but can be, for example, 10 parts by mass or more and 60 parts by mass or less with respect to the total mass of solid components other than the medium in the water-soluble base.
  • the upper limit is preferably 50 parts by mass or less, and may be 40 parts by mass or less.
  • the lower limit is preferably 15 parts by mass or more and 20 parts by mass or more.
  • an emulsifier By adding an emulsifier, the dispersibility of the drug etc. in the solution of the water-soluble matrix material can be enhanced, and the coatability at the time of applying the solution for forming the water-soluble base in the production process can be secured.
  • an emulsifier can use an emulsifier of 14.0 or more. When the HLB value is 14.0 or more, absorption of an active ingredient such as adrenaline can be improved.
  • the HLB value is also, for example, 14.5 or more, for example, 15.0 or more, for example, 15.5 or more, for example, 16.0 or more, for example, 16.5 Or more, for example, 17.0 or more, and for example, 18.0 or more.
  • the emulsifier having an HLB value of 14.0 or more is not particularly limited.
  • polyglycerin fatty acid ester sucrose fatty acid ester such as sucrose stearate, organic monoglycerin fatty acid ester, polysorbate, polyglycerin Condensed ricinoleate ester, lauroyl macrogol-32 glycerides and lauroyl polyoxyl-32 glycerides lauroyl macrogol glycerides, stearoyl macrogol glycerides, caprylocaproyl macrogol-8 glycerides, caprylocaproyl polyoxyl-8 glycerides, etc.
  • Caprocaproyl macrogol and the like can be exemplified.
  • an emulsifier for example, “Surf Hope” (trade name of sucrose fatty acid ester, manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Foods), “M-7D” (commercial product of polyglycerin fatty acid ester, manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Foods), “Suncrude” It is also possible to use commercially available products such as “Lecithin A-1” (commercially available product of soybean derived lecithin, manufactured by Sun Chemical Co., Ltd.), Polysorbate 80HM (manufactured by NOF Corporation), Gelucire 44/14, Labrasol (all, CBC Corporation) it can.
  • the amount of the emulsifier used varies depending on the type of the water-soluble matrix material, the type of the active ingredient, and the content thereof, but for example, about 0.1 to 40 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the water-soluble matrix material It is preferable to use, more preferably, 1 part by weight or more and 20 parts by weight or less, and still more preferably 10 parts by weight or less.
  • surfactants such as polyoxyethylene sorbitan oleate, sucrose fatty acid ester, polyglycerin fatty acid ester, soy bean-derived lecithin, etc. may be mentioned as appropriate, and may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Can.
  • the water soluble base can contain various additives in addition to the water soluble matrix material.
  • additives generally used in preparations intended for known oral mucosal administration can be appropriately selected and used.
  • filler, etc. are mentioned, for example.
  • the plasticizer is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include glycerin, sorbitol, polyglycerin and the like, and when used, they can be used singly or in combination of two or more. Among them, glycerin is preferred. Moreover, a commercial item can also be used.
  • the plasticizer can impart flexibility to the water soluble base. The amount of plasticizer used varies depending on the type of water-soluble matrix material, the type and content of the active ingredient, etc. For example, 5 parts by mass to 15 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the water-soluble matrix material Is preferred.
  • the excipient is not particularly limited.
  • precipitated calcium carbonate, crystalline cellulose, corn starch, partially pregelatinized starch, magnesium stearate, glucomannan, potato starch, low substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose (hydroxypropyl Those obtained by physically modifying cellulose, L-HPC) and the like can be mentioned, and when used, they can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
  • the content of the excipient is not particularly limited.
  • the water-soluble group is preferably used per 100 parts by mass of the water-soluble matrix material.
  • the agent can be 0.5 parts by mass or more and 20 parts by mass or less. More preferably, it is 1 part by weight or more and 20 parts by weight or less, still more preferably 2 parts by weight or more and 15 parts by weight or less.
  • the gelling agent can be used to adjust the solubility of the water-soluble base.
  • the gelling agent is not particularly limited, and, for example, metal salts such as titanium dioxide, sodium phosphate, potassium phosphate, sodium stearate, potassium stearate and the like can be used.
  • the amount of the gelling agent used is preferably 0.1 parts by mass to 5 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the water-soluble matrix material, and more preferably 0.5 parts by mass to 3 parts by mass .
  • the content is preferably 1% by mass or less, more preferably 0.5% by mass or less. Furthermore, it is 0.2% by mass or less, and may not contain a gelling agent.
  • the water-soluble base may be any other additive as long as the effect intended by the present therapeutic agent is not impaired, for example, a gelation promoter such as potassium phosphate, malt reducing sugar syrup, sucrose, lactose, fructose or saccharin Sweeteners such as aspartame, aspartame and L-phenylalanine compounds, sucralose, thaumatin, acesulfame potassium and stevia, peppermint, peppermint oil, cherry flavor, orange oil, fennel oil, ethylmaltol, l-menthol and other flavors, benzoic acid, Containing preservatives such as sodium benzoate, benzyl benzoate, ethyl parahydroxybenzoate, butyl parahydroxybenzoate, propyl parahydroxybenzoate, opacifiers such as titanium oxide, and colorants such as ferric oxide and yellow ferric oxide You can also.
  • a gelation promoter such as potassium phosphate, malt reducing sugar
  • the present therapeutic agent may have a coloring and / or design such as letters, numbers, or patterns for clarifying the formulation identification property and the content and clarifying the urgency.
  • a coloring and / or design such as letters, numbers, or patterns for clarifying the formulation identification property and the content and clarifying the urgency.
  • the water-soluble base has a film shape, various indications can be made on the drug itself, and in particular, in the case of an oral mucous membrane administration preparation, allergic onset individual due to taste or smell simultaneously with administration of the drug. It is advantageous in being able to give a sense of security to infants and children who are
  • As a coloring agent Asen Yaku tannin powder, yellow ferric oxide, turmeric extract, brown iron oxide, carbon black, caramel, carmine, carotene solution, ⁇ -carotene, licorice extract, gold foil, silver foil, platinum foil, black iron oxide Light anhydrous silicic acid, titanium oxide, ferric oxide, food blue 1, food yellow 4, food yellow 4 aluminum lake, food yellow 5, food yellow 5 aluminum lake, food red 2, food red 3 No. food red No.
  • talc copper chlorophyllin sodium, copper chlorophyll, green leaf extract extract, octyldodecyl myristate, medicinal charcoal, riboflavin, riboflavin butyrate ertel, riboflavin ester, green tea powder, rose oil etc.
  • medicinal charcoal riboflavin, riboflavin butyrate ertel, riboflavin ester, green tea powder, rose oil etc.
  • the active ingredient is a ingredient useful for the prevention or treatment of allergic symptoms.
  • allergic symptoms generally refer to symptoms resulting from type I allergy.
  • Specific examples of allergic symptoms include atopic dermatitis, bronchial asthma, allergic rhinitis, hay fever, hives, food allergy, drug allergy, bee venom allergy, serum allergy, anaphylaxis, anaphylactic shock and the like.
  • Anaphylaxis is a symptom in which an allergic reaction occurs in a short period of time and becomes systemic and in multiple organs (skin, mucous membranes, respiratory organs, digestive organs, circulatory organs, etc.). Anaphylaxis can be triggered by any allergen, but among them, drugs, insect venoms such as bee venom, certain foods such as eggs, fish and shellfish, nuts, allergy injection (allergen immunotherapy), natural gum, etc. Latex is considered to be the main cause. Anaphylaxis shock is a condition that causes blood pressure drop and impaired consciousness among anaphylaxis.
  • allergic symptoms include anaphylaxis and anaphylactic shock caused by oral allergy syndrome, food-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis, and the like.
  • the components effective for preventing or treating allergic symptoms generally include various antihistamines, ⁇ -agonists which are bronchodilators, various steroids, glucagon, adrenalin or noradrenaline.
  • ⁇ -agonists which are bronchodilators
  • various steroids glucagon
  • adrenalin an active ingredient
  • the active ingredients can also be used in combination of one or more depending on the purpose and the like.
  • optical isomers such as adrenaline and noradrenaline are present, isomers or racemates suitable for the purpose of administration can be appropriately selected and used.
  • adrenaline includes free adrenaline and various forms such as hydrochloride, tartrate and hydrogen tartrate. From the viewpoint of solubility, absorbability, stability, etc., preferably hydrochloride can be used.
  • the active ingredient is dissolved or dispersed in a water-soluble base, and in particular, the present embodiment in the water-soluble base is not limited. Preferably, in consideration of absorbability, it is contained by being dissolved in a water-soluble base.
  • the content of the active ingredient with respect to the water-soluble base is not particularly limited, but is not limited, but preferably 0.5 parts by mass or more and 50 parts by mass or less with respect to 100 parts by mass of the water-soluble base. More preferably, it is 30 parts by mass.
  • the therapeutic agent can take a dosage form formulated for transmucosal administration.
  • body cavity mucosa is preferred.
  • the mucous membrane of the body cavity is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include oral mucous membrane, pharyngeal mucous membrane, nasal mucous membrane, vaginal mucous membrane, rectal mucous membrane and the like.
  • the therapeutic agent can more preferably take a dosage form formulated for buccal administration.
  • the amount of active ingredient that can be contained in the present therapeutic agent varies depending on the type of allergic condition, purpose of treatment, etc., and the subject of administration (species, body weight, sex, adult or child, etc.).
  • a preparation for oral mucosal administration in the case of a preparation for oral mucosal administration, it can be a preparation for oral administration, in particular, a preparation for sublingual administration.
  • the therapeutic agent when it is a preparation for sublingual administration, it may be adhered and held directly on the tongue lining mucosa, or the lower jaw surface of the lower tongue so that the therapeutic agent can easily contact the tongue lining mucosa.
  • the present therapeutic agent may be adhered and held.
  • the therapeutic agent when the therapeutic agent is a preparation for sublingual administration, the therapeutic agent can itself be provided with a form easy to be administered sublingually and an applicator for administration.
  • the water-soluble base is a preparation having a predetermined three-dimensional shape such as a film or a tablet (hereinafter simply referred to as a molded preparation)
  • the form itself can be easily administered sublingually. It may have a three-dimensional form along the shape of.
  • an insertion part 4 having a form that can be inserted easily under the tongue, and a cover part that holds and covers the molded preparation on the insertion part 4 6 and an elongated gripping portion 8 gripped with fingers for inserting the insertion portion 4 under the tongue.
  • the applicator 2 is formed in a spatula as a whole.
  • the insertion portion 4 is concave on the back side of the tongue so as to facilitate the attachment of the formed preparation to conform to the tongue shape. And so on.
  • the formed preparation when it is intended to attach the formed preparation to the mucous membrane of the tongue, it may be formed to be convex toward the sublingual mandible side so that the formed preparation adheres easily to conform to the shape of the sublingual mandible.
  • the cover portion 6 is a member that covers and holds the formed preparation on the insertion portion 4 so that the formed preparation does not adhere to other than the intended site.
  • the cover 6 may include at least a tip 10 capable of covering a molded preparation, and a support 12 connected to the tip 10 and disposed along the long axis of the grip 8.
  • the support portion 12 is provided slidably along the long axis of the grip portion 8 and is provided in a groove shape or the like in the grip portion 8 from the position covering the molded preparation to the position for exposing the cover
  • the slide guide 14 can be pulled to the side opposite to the insertion portion 4.
  • the formed preparation in the insertion portion 4 of the applicator 2 it is possible to dispose the formed preparation in the insertion portion 4 of the applicator 2, cover the formed preparation by the cover portion 6, and hold the formed preparation on the insertion portion 4.
  • the insertion part 4 is inserted in the oral cavity of the allergy onset individual with the holding part 8 of the applicator 2, and the insertion part 4 is arranged under the tongue or under the tongue, and then the cover 6 is turned to the front (outside the oral cavity
  • the slide movement exposes the formed preparation on the insertion part 4 and adheres the formed preparation to the sublingual oral mucosa.
  • the cover portion 6 is not necessarily required as long as the formed preparation can be held to a certain degree of strength with respect to the insertion portion 4.
  • the applicator 2 can be appropriately applied to the pharyngeal mucosa etc. in addition to the oral mucosa, in addition to the sublingual oral mucosa.
  • the insertion portion 4, the cover portion 6, and the grip portion 8 of the applicator 2 are made of a plastic, wood-based material, etc. having flexibility and elasticity that do not damage the mucous membrane such as silicone resin and strength that does not easily break. Is preferred. Further, as described later, the molded preparation may be provided in advance at a predetermined position of the insertion portion 6, and the therapeutic agent may be inserted at the time of use by using the present therapeutic agent and the applicator 2 as a kit. You may make it hold.
  • the applicator 22 shown in FIG. 2 is for inserting a shaped preparation into the nasal cavity, vagina and anus using fingers.
  • the applicator 22 can be composed of a sack or band-like insertion portion 24 for covering the fingers over a predetermined length, and a cover portion 26 for covering the tip of the insertion portion 24.
  • the tip of the sack portion 24 is adapted to be able to hold a shaped preparation.
  • the cover portion 26 is configured to cover the molded preparation held at the distal end of the insertion portion 24 and to be exposed thereafter. Specifically, as shown in FIG.
  • the cover portion 26 is a cylindrical body covering the outer peripheral surface of the insertion portion 24 so that the whole can be slid forward (for example, outside the anus etc.) It has become.
  • the cover portion 26 may be configured to pull the whole toward the front, or may be provided with a guide 28 in the form of a string or a stick as shown in FIG.
  • the insertion portion 24 and the cover portion 26 are preferably made of a material such as rubber or resin which is rich in flexibility.
  • the therapeutic agent can be used to prevent or treat allergic symptoms.
  • the allergic symptoms to which the present therapeutic agent is applied are as described above. Allergic symptoms are caused at regular intervals after exposure to an allergen. Therefore, allergic symptoms can be prevented by administering the present therapeutic agent as soon as exposure to the allergen is known.
  • the therapeutic agent can be administered to treat or support the allergic symptoms, and at least temporarily alleviate the progression of symptoms to prevent shock.
  • the present therapeutic agent is useful for the prophylaxis or adjuvant treatment of anaphylactic and anaphylactic shock which require urgent treatment for administration among allergic symptoms.
  • This therapeutic agent is convenient for emergency administration to an individual who has developed anaphylaxis or anaphylactic shock, in particular, by a third party who is not a healthcare professional.
  • the mucous membrane of the body cavity is used as the administration route, unlike injections and inhalants, even without special equipment, administration can be performed immediately, easily, and without any need for training. .
  • it is excellent in portability, and is suitable for carrying a plurality for multiple administration.
  • a sublingual administration is preferred for the treatment of anaphylaxis or anaphylactic shock. If it is a sublingual administration, even if it is a third party who is not a medical worker, this therapeutic agent can be more easily appropriately administered in response to an emergency situation.
  • the present therapeutic agent in the case where the present therapeutic agent is intended for the prevention or treatment of nafiquilacy or anaphylactic shock and uses adrenaline as an active ingredient, it may vary depending on the type of adrenaline, body weight of the subject, sex, adult or child, etc.
  • the dose of the present therapeutic agent for single administration for sublingual administration is preferably set as 0.001 mg or more and 10 mg or less / kg body weight. More preferably, it is 0.01 mg to 1 mg / kg body weight, still more preferably 0.01 mg to 0.1 mg / kg body weight, and still more preferably 0.05 mg to 0.08 mg / kg body weight.
  • an active ingredient such as adrenaline can be contained as a single dose from 0.01 mg to 300 mg.
  • the active ingredient is preferably 0.1 mg or more and 10 mg or less, more preferably 1.5 mg or more and 2.4 mg or less.
  • the present therapeutic agent as a single-dose agent for sublingual administration for administration to human patients weighing 15 kg or more and less than 30 kg can contain 0.005 mg or more and 150 mg or less of an active ingredient such as adrenaline.
  • the active ingredient is preferably 0.05 mg or more and 5 mg or less, more preferably 0.75 mg or more and 1.2 mg or less.
  • adrenaline when adrenaline is used as an active ingredient at about 20 mg / kg body weight and administered sublingually to rabbits, up to 900 ng / ml can be reached even 10 minutes after administration, and up to 600 up to 20 minutes after administration within 20 minutes after administration A plasma adrenaline concentration of 900 ng / ml can be provided.
  • the reaching time to the maximum value of plasma adrenaline concentration is comparable to the reaching time (about 8 minutes) when intramuscularly injecting adrenaline, supporting the efficacy and fast-acting effect of mucosal administration preparations such as sublingual administration Ru.
  • the present therapeutic agent can be in the form of a single dose formulation containing at least the required dose for an allergy-induced individual. That is, when the therapeutic agent is a shaped preparation, individual shaped preparations can be packaged individually. In addition, when the therapeutic agent is an unshaped and amorphous preparation, a single dose can be filled into a container such as a tube filled with each individually.
  • the therapeutic agent may be formed so as to be easily divided into individual single doses. That is, when the therapeutic agent is a molded preparation having a shape such as a film or a tablet, the therapeutic agent may be provided with a fragile portion such as a dividing line which can be divided into unit doses.
  • the therapeutic agent may also be equipped with application elements suitable for sublingual administration such as the applicators 2 and 22 described above in order to enable sublingual administration and the like promptly.
  • application elements suitable for sublingual administration such as the applicators 2 and 22 described above in order to enable sublingual administration and the like promptly.
  • the therapeutic agent may be pre-attached to the site most suitable for sublingual administration of such an application element.
  • a separate application element may be provided as a kit for the present therapeutic agent.
  • the present therapeutic agent can adopt various forms of packaging forms in consideration of the stability of the active ingredient. Since the present therapeutic agent is a water-soluble preparation, it does not become bulky by packaging. Further, since the preparation is a water-soluble preparation, it is possible to easily remove elements which may accelerate the decomposition of the active ingredient, such as light and gas, depending on the external form and the internal form.
  • the present therapeutic agent is a water-soluble preparation, it can easily produce a unit dose containing an active ingredient at various contents. For this reason, it is excellent also in administration property, portability, etc. when multiple administration is required.
  • the present disclosure further comprises the step of administering the therapeutic agent to the mammal in an amount effective to prevent or treat the allergic condition in the mammal, preventing or treating the allergic condition in the mammal. (Hereinafter referred to as the present treatment method).
  • the various symptoms described above for the present therapeutic agent can be applied to the allergic condition, the present therapeutic agent, the dosage form thereof and the dose thereof, etc. in the present treatment method, including the preferred embodiments.
  • Adrenaline-containing water-soluble film formulations (40 mg formulation / unit and 0.4 mg formulation / unit) of compositions 1 and 2 shown below were produced in the steps shown below.
  • the adrenalin solution prepared in the preparation step was degassed using an aspirator.
  • composition 3 a water-soluble film preparation containing 80 mg / unit of adrenaline was produced.
  • This water-soluble film preparation was administered to a Japanese white rabbit (male) (body weight about 3.4 kg) to measure its plasma adrenaline concentration and blood pressure.
  • the sucrose fatty acid ester had an HLB value of 16.0, as in the examples.
  • the rabbit was intravenously administered with an anesthetic (mitazolam, butorphanol and medetomidine), the blood pressure was measured in the right ear artery, and blood was collected from the left ear artery.
  • anesthetic mitazolam, butorphanol and medetomidine
  • the plasma adrenaline concentration tended to rise to about 900 ng / ml 10 minutes after administration, and then to decrease generally.
  • the blood pressure gradually increased after showing a tendency to decrease once.
  • blood pressure tended to decrease gradually in control rabbits that received placebo.
  • the trend of blood pressure and adrenaline plasma concentration tended to be 0.3 mg of adrenergic injection and 40 mg of adrenergic sublingual tablet, however, adrenergic intramuscular and sublingual tablets had 30 ng of adrenergic plasma concentration at 30 minutes after administration.
  • the film formulation exhibited excellent absorbability, since the concentration was 25 ng / ml at 20 ml / ml and 20 minutes (“Epinephrine (adrenaline) absorption from new-generation, taste-masked sublingual tablets: A preliminary study ", J. Allegy. Clin. Immumnol. Vol. 131, Number 1, P. 236-238).

Abstract

A preparation containing a water-soluble base and an active ingredient that is contained in a form dissolved or dispersed in the water-soluble base and is useful for the prevention or treatment of the allergic symptom. When the preparation is administered transmucosally, it becomes possible to administer the active ingredient fearlessly, easily and reliably even when the urgency is high.

Description

アレルギー症状の予防又は治療剤Preventive or therapeutic agent for allergic symptoms
 本明細書は、アレルギー症状の予防又は治療剤に関する。 The present specification relates to an agent for the prophylaxis or treatment of allergic symptoms.
 食物、薬物、花粉、ダニ、ハウスダスト等の日常的に存在する物質が、ヒトにとってアレルゲンとなり、アレルギー症状を引き起こす疾患がアレルギー疾患である。代表的なアレルギー疾患としては、食物アレルギー、薬物アレルギー、花粉症、アトピー性皮膚炎、アレルギー性鼻炎、気管支喘息等が挙げられる。 Substances that occur routinely, such as food, drugs, pollen, mites, house dust, etc., become allergens for humans, and diseases causing allergic symptoms are allergic diseases. Representative allergic diseases include food allergy, drug allergy, hay fever, atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, bronchial asthma and the like.
 アレルギー疾患の原因となるアレルギー反応のなかでも、アレルゲンが体内に侵入直後から数時間以内でアレルギー症状を引き起こすアレルギー反応は、I型(即時型)に分類される。多くのアレルギー疾患が、この即時型に分類される。 Among the allergic reactions that cause allergic diseases, allergic reactions that cause allergic symptoms within several hours immediately after the entry of an allergen into the body are classified into type I (immediate type). Many allergic diseases are classified into this immediate type.
 即時型アレルギー反応のなかでも、最も重症なものとしてアナフィラキシーがある。アナフィラキシーは、極めて短時間のうちに全身性でアレルギー症状が現れたり、複数のアレルギー症状が同時に現れたりなどする。さらに、血圧や意識レベルが低下したり、呼吸困難になるなどのショック症状が現れたときは、アナフィラキシーショックと称する。アナフィラキシーやアナフィラキシーショックが現れたときには、速やかに適切な処置や治療をしないと生命に危険が生じる場合がある。 Among the immediate allergic reactions, anaphylaxis is the most severe one. Anaphylaxis causes systemic allergic symptoms in a very short time, or multiple allergic symptoms appear simultaneously. Furthermore, when a shock symptom such as a drop in blood pressure or consciousness level or dyspnea appears, it is referred to as anaphylactic shock. When anaphylaxis or anaphylactic shock occurs, life may be at risk if appropriate measures and treatments are not taken promptly.
 アナフィラキシーの症状が比較的軽い場合であって、皮膚や粘膜症状の場合には、抗ヒスタミン薬、呼吸器症状には気管支拡張薬のほか経口副腎皮質ステロイド薬等が用いられる。さらに、咽頭・下気道の呼吸器症状、激烈な消化器症状、ショック症状が一つでもある場合、もしくは過去にアナフィラキシーの既往がある場合や症状の進行が激烈な場合には、アナフィラキシーショックを疑い、アドレナリン自己注射薬を投与するべきとされている。例えば、アドレナリン自己注射薬としては、抗うつ剤との合剤が開示されている(特許文献1)。 When the symptoms of anaphylaxis are relatively mild, in the case of skin or mucous membrane symptoms, antihistamines are used, and in addition to bronchodilators for respiratory symptoms, oral corticosteroids and the like are used. In addition, if you have respiratory or pharyngeal or lower respiratory symptoms, severe digestive symptoms, or shock symptoms, or if you have a history of anaphylaxis in the past or if the symptoms progress rapidly, you may suspect anaphylactic shock. Adrenaline self-injection medication should be given. For example, a combination drug with an antidepressant is disclosed as an adrenergic self-injection drug (Patent Document 1).
特表2015-506907号公報JP-A-2015-506907
 アナフィラキシーやアナフィラキシーショックには種々の対応策が存在する。しかしながら、それでも、アナフィラキシーショック等で死亡する患者は減少傾向にはない。これは、アドレナリン自己注射薬を自己投与することが困難である場合があるほか、周囲の家族や教職員による投与判断が困難であること、注射に対する恐怖感・抵抗感等が挙げられる。また、注射薬の投与に対する熟練度が低く、確実に投与できるとは限らないこと等が挙げられる。さらに、アドレナリン自己注射薬は、アナフィラキシーの可能性の高い人しか処方されず、その被処方者のみしか使用できない。このため、過去にアナフィラキシーを起こした事のないものが初めてアナフィラキシーに陥った場合、緊急処置を取ることができない場合もある。さらに、自己注射薬は、その投与のために所定の教育や訓練も必要となる。さらにまた、アナフィラキシー等の可能性の高い患者は、アドレナリン自己注射薬を常に携帯しておく必要がある。 There are various measures for anaphylaxis and anaphylaxis shock. However, patients who die due to anaphylactic shock and the like are not, however, on the decrease. In addition to self-administration of adrenergic self-injection drugs, it may be difficult to judge the administration by surrounding family members or faculty members, and there may be fear and resistance to injection. In addition, they are low in the level of expertise in administration of injections and can not always be administered reliably. Furthermore, adrenergic self-injection drugs can only be prescribed for people with high potential for anaphylaxis, and can only be used by those who are prescribed. For this reason, if an anaphylaxis has never occurred before, it may not be possible to take emergency measures. In addition, self-injection drugs also require regular education and training for their administration. Furthermore, patients with high potential such as anaphylaxis need to carry an adrenaline self-injection drug at all times.
 また、アナフィラキシーショック等に対応するには、速やかなアドレナリン等の吸収が要請される。 In addition, in order to cope with anaphylactic shock etc., absorption of adrenaline etc. promptly is required.
 本明細書は、アナフィラキシー及びアナフィラキシーショックを含むアレルギー症状に対応して速やかでかつ簡易な投与に適したアレルギー症状の予防又は治療剤を提供する。 The present specification provides an agent for the prophylaxis or treatment of allergic symptoms suitable for prompt and simple administration in response to allergic symptoms including anaphylaxis and anaphylactic shock.
 本発明者らは、投与に対する抵抗性がなく簡易かつ確実にしかも速やかにアドレナリンなどを投与できる投与形態として、水溶性基剤に有効成分を含有する製剤形態とすることで、投与の容易性及び確実性のほか、全身循環性及び速効性を確保することができるという知見を得た。これらの知見に基づき、本明細書は以下の手段を提供する。 The present inventors, as a dosage form which can easily and rapidly and easily administer adrenalin without resistance to administration, can be easily administered by using a water-soluble base as a dosage form containing an active ingredient. In addition to certainty, we obtained the finding that systemic circulation and rapid response can be ensured. Based on these findings, the present specification provides the following means.
[1]アレルギー症状の予防又は治療のための製剤であって、
 水溶性基剤と、
 前記水溶性基剤に溶解又は分散して含まれる前記アレルギー症状の予防又は治療に有用な有効成分と、
を備える、経粘膜投与剤である製剤。
[2]前記水溶性基材は、HLB価が14.0以上の乳化剤を含む、[1]に記載の製剤。
[3]前記製剤は、タブレット状又はフィルム状である、[1]又は[2]に記載の製剤。
[4]体腔粘膜投与剤である、[1]~[3]のいずれかに記載の製剤。
[5]口腔粘膜投与剤である、[1]~[4]のいずれかに記載の製剤。
[6]舌下投与用である、[1]~[5]のいずれかに記載の製剤。
[7]前記有効成分は、抗ヒスタミン薬、気管支拡張薬、昇圧薬、グルカゴン、及び副腎皮質ステロイドからなる群から選択される1又は2以上である、[1]~[6]のいずれかに記載の製剤。
[8]アレルギー症状の予防又は治療のための製剤であって、
 水溶性基剤と、
 前記水溶性基剤に溶解又は分散して含まれるアドレナリンと、
を備え、
 前記水溶性基材は、HLB価が14.0以上の乳化剤を含み、
 前記アレルギー症状は、アナフィラキシー又はアナフィラキシーショックであり、
 舌下投与剤である、製剤。
[1] A preparation for preventing or treating allergic symptoms, which is
A water soluble base,
An active ingredient useful for the prevention or treatment of the allergic condition, which is contained by being dissolved or dispersed in the water-soluble base;
A preparation that is a transmucosal administration agent, comprising:
[2] The preparation according to [1], wherein the water-soluble base material comprises an emulsifier having an HLB value of 14.0 or more.
[3] The preparation according to [1] or [2], wherein the preparation is in the form of a tablet or a film.
[4] The preparation according to any one of [1] to [3], which is an agent for intracoelomic injection.
[5] The preparation according to any one of [1] to [4], which is an agent for oral mucosal administration.
[6] The preparation according to any one of [1] to [5], which is for sublingual administration.
[7] any one of [1] to [6], wherein the active ingredient is one or more selected from the group consisting of antihistamines, bronchodilators, vasopressors, glucagon, and corticosteroids Formulation described.
[8] A preparation for preventing or treating allergic symptoms, which is
A water soluble base,
Adrenaline contained in a solution or dispersion in the water-soluble base,
Equipped with
The water-soluble substrate comprises an emulsifier having an HLB value of 14.0 or more,
The allergic symptoms are anaphylaxis or anaphylactic shock,
A formulation which is a sublingual administration.
本製剤に適用されるアプリケータの一例を示す図である。It is a figure which shows an example of the applicator applied to this formulation. 本製剤に適用されるアプリケータの他の一例を示す図である。It is a figure which shows another example of the applicator applied to this formulation. アドレナリン含有フィルム製剤(80mg/単位)を、ウサギ(雄)に投与したときの、血漿アドレナリン濃度及び血圧の経時変化を示す図である。It is a figure which shows a time-dependent change of plasma adrenaline density | concentration and blood pressure when an adrenaline containing film formulation (80 mg / unit) is administered to a rabbit (male).
 本明細書の開示は、アレルギー症状の予防又は治療剤に関する。本明細書に開示されるアレルギー症状の予防又は治療剤(以下、単に本治療剤という。)は、水溶性基剤と、当該水溶性基剤に溶解又は分散して含有されるアレルギー症状の予防又は治療に有効な有効成分とを備えている。本治療剤は、ヒトを含む霊長哺乳類のほか、イヌ、ネコ、ウサギなどの愛玩動物のほか、ウシ、ウマ、ブタ、ヒツジ、ヤギなどの家畜動物などの哺乳動物に適用される。 The disclosure of the present specification relates to an agent for preventing or treating allergic symptoms. The agent for the prophylaxis or treatment of allergic symptoms disclosed in the present specification (hereinafter simply referred to as the present therapeutic agent) comprises a water-soluble base and a preventive for allergic symptoms contained in the water-soluble base in a dissolved or dispersed state. Or an active ingredient effective for treatment. The therapeutic agent is applied not only to primates including humans but also to companion animals such as dogs, cats and rabbits, and mammals such as domestic animals such as cattle, horses, pigs, sheep and goats.
 本治療剤は、粘膜を投与経路とする経粘膜投与剤とすることができる。ここで経粘膜投与剤とは、体腔粘膜など、体外から容易にアクセスできる粘膜を投与経路とする剤形という。経粘膜投与剤は、体腔粘膜を投与経路とすることが好ましい。経粘膜投与剤とする本治療剤によれば、アレルギー症状の予防又は治療のために、ヒト患者など哺乳動物個体の口腔粘膜などの粘膜に対して本治療剤を供給するという簡易な方法で、アレルギー症状の予防等のための有効成分を確実に投与できる。こうした投与形態であれば、例えば、患者本人ほか周囲の人間も、投与のための特別な訓練も必要なく、従来の筋肉注射による投与形態に比し投与にひるむことなく、速やかに必要な薬剤の投与を行うことができる。特に、水分も要さず、嚥下の必要もない、なかでも、口腔粘膜などの体腔粘膜への供給という投与形態は、緊急性が要請されるアナフィラキシー又はアナフィラキシーショックの場合において、特に有用である。 The therapeutic agent can be a transmucosal administration agent which uses a mucous membrane as an administration route. Here, the agent for transmucosal administration refers to a dosage form in which a mucous membrane easily accessible from the outside, such as a body cavity mucous membrane, is used as the administration route. Preferably, the agent for transmucosal administration uses the mucous membrane of the body cavity as the administration route. According to the present therapeutic agent for transmucosal administration, it is a simple method of supplying the therapeutic agent to mucous membranes such as oral mucosa of individual mammals such as human patients for the prevention or treatment of allergic symptoms. The active ingredient can be reliably administered for the prevention of allergic symptoms and the like. With such a dosage form, for example, the patient himself / herself and surrounding people also do not need any special training for administration, and the required medicines can be promptly obtained without any loss compared to the conventional administration form by intramuscular injection. It can be administered. In particular, a dosage form that requires no fluid and does not require swallowing, in particular, supply to body cavity mucous membranes such as oral mucous membranes is particularly useful in the case of anaphylaxis or anaphylactic shock where urgency is required.
 本治療剤は、舌下投与とすることが好ましい。舌下投与であると、アレルギー発症個体への投与の際の、投与位置の特定や口腔内保持も容易であるほか、誤飲の可能性も少ないからである。 Preferably, the therapeutic agent is administered sublingually. Sublingual administration makes it easy to identify the position of administration and to maintain the oral cavity during administration to an allergic individual, and is less likely to be accidentally swallowed.
 また、投与方法としては、経口投与、注射(皮下注射、筋肉内注射、静脈内注射、動脈内注射)、舌下投与を含む口腔粘膜投与、直腸内投与、経膣投与、点眼、経鼻投与、吸入(経気管)、経皮投与(湿布剤など)がある。アドレナリンを経口投与した場合、小腸から吸収されたアドレナリンは門脈を介して肝臓を経て全身血へ移行するが、肝臓には多くの酵素が存在し、アドレナリンは代謝されてしまうため、薬理作用が減弱する(初回通過効果)。そのため、アドレナリンを投与する場合は、静脈注射かもしくは自己注射薬のような注射の形態がとられているが、口腔粘膜投与、舌下投与においては、有効成分が毛細血管網から直接体循環に入るため、初回通過効果を受けることなく速やかに組織に移行して吸収され即効性が得られる。また、直腸粘膜投与においても有効成分が直腸粘膜から吸収され下大静脈を経て直接体循環に入るため、初回通過効果を受けることなく速やかに吸収され即効性が得られる。投与方法の簡便さから言えば、舌下投与が好ましい。 In addition, as the administration method, oral administration, injection (subcutaneous injection, intramuscular injection, intravenous injection, intraarterial injection), buccal administration including sublingual administration, rectal administration, vaginal administration, eye drop, nasal administration , Inhalation (transtracheal), transdermal administration (poultice etc.). When adrenaline is orally administered, adrenaline absorbed from the small intestine passes through the portal vein to the liver and passes to systemic blood, but there are many enzymes in the liver and the adrenaline is metabolized, so pharmacological action is Attenuates (first pass effect). Therefore, when adrenaline is administered, it is in the form of injection such as intravenous injection or self-injection, but in buccal or sublingual administration, the active ingredient is directly transferred from the capillary network to the systemic circulation. Because it enters, it is rapidly transferred to tissues without being affected by the first pass effect and absorbed and immediate action is obtained. In addition, also in rectal mucosal administration, the active ingredient is absorbed from the rectal mucosa and directly enters the systemic circulation through the inferior vena cava, so that it is rapidly absorbed without immediate effect and immediate action is obtained. Sublingual administration is preferred because of the simplicity of the administration method.
 本治療剤は、水溶性基剤を備えることができる。この場合には、投与時に、水分を摂取しなくても粘膜等を経由して投与することができる。さらに、本治療剤は、アナフィラキシー症状などを呈した個体の口腔内に投与した場合においても、口腔粘膜上に有効に保持された上、崩壊又は溶解して、有効成分の口腔粘膜からの吸収が速やかに実現される。 The therapeutic agent can comprise a water soluble base. In this case, it can be administered via the mucous membrane etc. without intake of water at the time of administration. Furthermore, even when administered in the oral cavity of an individual with anaphylaxis or the like, the therapeutic agent is effectively retained on the oral mucosa and then disintegrates or dissolves to absorb the active ingredient from the oral mucosa. It will be realized quickly.
 さらに、本治療剤の水溶性基剤がフィルム又はタブレットの形状を備える場合、携帯に便利であり、携行性に優れているとともに、投与にも便利である。また、上記のとおり水分の投与もなく、口腔などの体腔粘膜等に供給するだけでよいので、嚥下困難者ほか、幼児から高齢者まで幅広い年代のヒト患者などの個体に対して容易に投与できる。 Furthermore, when the water-soluble base of the present therapeutic agent has the form of a film or a tablet, it is convenient for carrying, excellent in portability, and convenient for administration. In addition, as described above, there is no need to administer water, and only supply to body cavity mucous membranes such as the oral cavity can be easily administered to individuals such as dysphagia, human patients of a wide range of ages from infants to elderly people. .
 以下、本開示の代表的かつ非限定的な具体例について、適宜図面を参照して詳細に説明する。この詳細な説明は、本開示の好ましい例を実施するための詳細を当業者に示すことを単純に意図しており、本開示の範囲を限定することを意図したものではない。また、以下に開示される追加的な特徴ならびに発明は、さらに改善されたアレルギー症状の予防又は治療剤を提供するために、他の特徴や発明とは別に、又は共に用いることができる。 Hereinafter, representative and non-limiting specific examples of the present disclosure will be described in detail with reference to the drawings as appropriate. This detailed description is merely intended to show the person skilled in the art the details for practicing the preferred embodiments of the present disclosure, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure. In addition, the additional features and invention disclosed below can be used separately from or together with other features and inventions to provide a further improved prophylactic or therapeutic agent for allergic symptoms.
 また、以下の詳細な説明で開示される特徴や工程の組み合わせは、最も広い意味において本開示を実施する際に必須のものではなく、特に本開示の代表的な具体例を説明するためにのみ記載されるものである。さらに、上記及び下記の代表的な具体例の様々な特徴、ならびに、独立及び従属クレームに記載されるものの様々な特徴は、本開示の追加的かつ有用な実施形態を提供するにあたって、ここに記載される具体例のとおりに、あるいは列挙された順番のとおりに組合せなければならないものではない。 Also, the combination of features and steps disclosed in the following detailed description is not essential to the practice of the present disclosure in the broadest sense, and in particular, to illustrate representative examples of the present disclosure. It is described. Furthermore, various features of the above and below described representative embodiments, as well as various features of what is set forth in the independent and dependent claims, are set forth herein to provide additional and useful embodiments of the present disclosure. It does not have to be combined as per the example given or in the order listed.
 本明細書及び/又はクレームに記載された全ての特徴は、実施例及び/又はクレームに記載された特徴の構成とは別に、出願当初の開示ならびにクレームされた特定事項に対する限定として、個別に、かつ互いに独立して開示されることを意図するものである。さらに、全ての数値範囲及びグループ又は集団に関する記載は、出願当初の開示ならびにクレームされた特定事項に対する限定として、それらの中間の構成を開示する意図を持ってなされている。 All features described in the specification and / or claims are separately from the configuration of the features described in the examples and / or claims, individually as limitations on the initial disclosure of the application and the specific matters claimed. And intended to be disclosed independently of each other. In addition, the descriptions of all numerical ranges and groups or groups are intended to disclose intermediate constructions as limitations on the initial disclosure and the specific matters claimed.
(アレルギー症状の予防又は治療のための製剤)
(水溶性基剤)
 本治療剤の一態様は、水溶性基剤と、水溶性基剤に溶解又は分散して含まれるアレルギー症状の予防又は治療に有用な有効成分と、を備えることができる。
(Formulation for the prevention or treatment of allergic symptoms)
(Water soluble base)
One embodiment of the present therapeutic agent can comprise a water-soluble base and an active ingredient useful for the prevention or treatment of allergic symptoms, which is contained by being dissolved or dispersed in the water-soluble base.
 本治療剤は、水溶性基剤を含んでいることにより、本治療剤は、各種の体腔等の粘膜上で溶解性又は崩壊性を有することができる。 Since the present therapeutic agent contains a water-soluble base, the present therapeutic agent can have solubility or disintegrability on mucous membranes such as various body cavities.
 水溶性基剤が備えることができる形態は、特に限定しない。所定の3次元形状を有する成形体であってもよい。水溶性基剤が成形体であるとき、その3次元形状は特に限定しないで、各種形態、いわゆるフィルム、タブレットなどのほか、その他投与部位となる部位に倣った形状等とすることができる。また、水溶性基剤は、チューブなどの容器やカプセル等に充填されうる不定形ゲル状であってもよい。 There is no particular limitation on the form that the water-soluble base can have. It may be a molded body having a predetermined three-dimensional shape. When the water-soluble base is a molded product, the three-dimensional shape thereof is not particularly limited, and in addition to various forms, so-called films, tablets and the like, it may be shaped according to other portions to be administration sites. The water-soluble base may be in the form of an irregular gel which can be filled in a container such as a tube or a capsule.
 例えば、水溶性基剤がフィルム形状を有するフィルム剤の場合、フィルム剤は、適当な厚みで任意の平面形態を有するシート形態とすることができる。厚みは、特に限定するものではないが、体腔内投与を考慮すると、全体として5mm以下程度であることが好ましい。より好ましくは1mm以下程度であることが好ましい。より好ましくは10μm以上800μm以下程度である。また、上限は、さらに好ましくは600μm以下であり、なお好ましくは500μm以下であり、一層好ましくは400μm以下である。また、下限は、好ましくは40μm以上である。さらに好ましくは60μm以上である。また、40μm以上70μm以下であることも好ましい。こうした厚さは、特に、ヒト舌下投与剤として好ましい。 For example, when the water-soluble base is a film agent having a film shape, the film agent can be in the form of a sheet having an appropriate planar shape and an appropriate thickness. The thickness is not particularly limited, but in consideration of administration in the body cavity, it is preferable that the thickness is about 5 mm or less as a whole. More preferably, it is about 1 mm or less. More preferably, it is about 10 μm to 800 μm. Further, the upper limit is more preferably 600 μm or less, still more preferably 500 μm or less, and still more preferably 400 μm or less. The lower limit is preferably 40 μm or more. More preferably, it is 60 μm or more. Moreover, it is also preferable that they are 40 micrometers or more and 70 micrometers or less. Such a thickness is particularly preferable as a human sublingual administration.
 フィルム剤の平面形態も特に限定するものではない。投与対象、投与部位、含有量等に応じて適宜設定される。例えば、正方形状、長方形状、円形状、これらを組み合わせた形状、さらには、なんらかの天然物を模したデザインを有する形状等が挙げられる。大きさ(面積)も特に限定するものではないが、例えば、30mm2以上1500mm2以下程度とすることができる。より好ましくは、下限は40mm2以上であり、さらに好ましくは60mm2以上であり、なお好ましくは80mm2以上であり、一層好ましくは100mm2以上である。また、上限は、より好ましくは1300mm2以下であり、さらに好ましくは1000mm2以下であり、なお好ましくは800mm2以下である。上記面積は、特に、ヒト舌下投与剤として好ましい。 The planar form of the film agent is not particularly limited. It is appropriately set according to the administration subject, administration site, content and the like. For example, a square shape, a rectangular shape, a circular shape, a shape in which these are combined, or a shape having a design imitating any natural product can be mentioned. The size (area) is also not particularly limited, but can be, for example, about 30 mm 2 or more and 1500 mm 2 or less. More preferably, the lower limit is 40 mm 2 or more, more preferably 60 mm 2 or more, still more preferably 80 mm 2 or more, and still more preferably 100 mm 2 or more. The upper limit is more preferably 1300 mm 2 or less, still more preferably 1000 mm 2 or less, and still more preferably 800 mm 2 or less. The above area is particularly preferable as a human sublingual administration.
 フィルム剤の質量も特に限定するものではないが、5mg以上300mg以下とすることができる。より好ましくは10mg以上100mg以下であり、さらに好ましくは40mg以上80mg以下である。 The mass of the film agent is not particularly limited, but can be 5 mg or more and 300 mg or less. More preferably, it is 10 mg or more and 100 mg or less, and still more preferably 40 mg or more and 80 mg or less.
 水溶性基剤がタブレット形状を有するタブレット剤の場合、タブレット剤は、適当な形状及び厚みを有する円柱体や棒状体等の形態、あるいは投与部位となる体腔の形状にならった形態とすることができる。例えば、直腸粘膜を投与経路とする場合には、いわゆる座剤のような紡錘形状とすることができる。タブレットの場合、フィルムに比して、そのサイズについては投与部位等に応じて任意に設定することが可能である。例えば、口腔粘膜投与、舌下投与の場合、厚みは、特に限定するものではないが、全体として10mm以下程度であることが好ましく、より好ましくは5mm以下程度とすることができる。 When the water-soluble base is a tablet having a tablet shape, the tablet may be in the form of a cylinder or rod having a suitable shape and thickness, or in the form of a body cavity serving as an administration site. it can. For example, when the rectal mucosa is used as the administration route, it may be in the form of a so-called suppository spindle. In the case of a tablet, its size can be arbitrarily set in accordance with the administration site and the like as compared to a film. For example, in the case of oral mucosal administration and sublingual administration, the thickness is not particularly limited, but it is preferably about 10 mm or less as a whole, and more preferably about 5 mm or less.
 本治療剤は、2層以上の水溶性基剤層を有する積層構造を有し、少なくとも1つの水溶性基剤層に前記有効成分を含有することもできる。本治療剤は、水溶性基剤が所定の3次元形態を備えるフィルムやタブレットなどの成形体である場合において、こうした積層構造を備えることが好ましい。 The present therapeutic agent may have a laminated structure having two or more water-soluble base layers, and the active ingredient may be contained in at least one water-soluble base layer. In the case where the water-soluble base is a formed article such as a film or a tablet having a predetermined three-dimensional form, it is preferable that the present therapeutic agent has such a laminated structure.
 本治療剤が、こうした積層構造を有するとき、3層以上の水溶性基剤層を有する積層構造を有していてもよい。好ましくは4層以下、より好ましくは3層以下である。また、有効成分を各層に含んでいてもよいし、特定の1層又は2層以上に含めるようにしてもよい。また、1つの層に2つ以上の有効成分を含めることができるほか、異なる層に異なる有効成分を含めることもできる。また、少なくとも1つの層に有効成分を含むが、他の1又は2以上の層に、本治療剤の有効成分以外の他の有効成分も含めることもできる。 When the therapeutic agent has such a layered structure, it may have a layered structure having three or more water-soluble base layers. Preferably it is four or less layers, More preferably, it is three or less layers. In addition, the active ingredient may be contained in each layer, or may be contained in one or more specific layers. Also, one layer can contain two or more active ingredients, and different layers can contain different active ingredients. Moreover, although an active ingredient is included in at least one layer, another active ingredient other than the active ingredient of this therapeutic agent can also be included in one or more other layers.
 より具体的には、例えば、水溶性基剤がフィルム剤又はタブレット剤であって、かつ3層の積層体の場合、粘膜に近い順から、粘膜付着層、中間層及び外層とすることができる。粘膜付着層は、主として粘膜への付着性を向上させるために用いることができる。また、中間層は、主として有効成分を含有させるのに用いることができる。さらに、外層は、主として崩壊性の調節層やフレーバー等の付与層に用いることができる。なお、必要に応じて、粘膜付着層及び中間層も崩壊性の調節やフレーバーの付与に用いることができる。また、必要に応じていずれかの層、2以上の層又は全層に対して、有効成分の安定性や水溶性基剤の安定性のための成分を付与することができる。また、特に、水溶性基剤の柔軟性や追従性を付与又は向上させる成分(例えば、グリセリンや界面活性剤等)を適宜、いずれかの層、2以上の層又は全層に付与することができる。 More specifically, for example, in the case where the water-soluble base is a film agent or a tablet agent, and in the case of a three-layer laminate, the mucoadhesive layer, the intermediate layer and the outer layer can be formed in the order of mucous membrane. . Mucoadhesive layers can be used primarily to improve adhesion to mucous membranes. The intermediate layer can also be used mainly to contain the active ingredient. Furthermore, the outer layer can be used mainly as a disintegrating control layer and a layer for imparting flavor and the like. In addition, if necessary, a mucoadhesive layer and an intermediate layer can also be used for controlling disintegrability and imparting a flavor. Moreover, the component for the stability of an active ingredient and the stability of a water-soluble base can be provided with respect to one or more layers, or all the layers as needed. Further, in particular, a component (for example, glycerin, surfactant, etc.) for imparting or improving the flexibility or the followability of the water-soluble base may be appropriately provided to any layer, two or more layers, or all layers. it can.
 水溶性基剤としては、口腔粘膜投与を含む粘膜投与を意図して用いられる公知の水溶性マトリックス材料を適宜選択して用いることができる。水溶性マトリックス材料とは、水溶性を有するとともに、所定の形状又は不定形形状ではあるが固体としての形態に寄与できる材料である。水溶性マトリックス材料としては、概して水溶性ポリマーを用いることができる。かかる水溶性マトリックス材料としては、特に限定するものではないが、例えば、ポリビニルピロリドン、ポリビニルアルコール、ポリアクリル酸ナトリウム、カルボキシメチルセルロース、デンプン、キサンタンガム、カラヤガム、アルギン酸ナトリウム、メチルセルロース、カルボキシビニルポリマー、カンテン、ヒドロキシプロピルセルロース、ヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロースフタレート(HPMCP)、酢酸フタル酸セルロース(別名:セルロースアセテートフタレート、CAP)、カルボキシメチルエチルセルロース(CMEC)、エチルセルロース、ヒドロキシエチルセルロース、ヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロース、トラガント、アラビアゴム、ローカストビーンズガム、グアーガム、ジェランガム、カラギーナン(カラゲナン)、デキストリン、デキストラン、アミロース、カルボキシメチルセルロースカリウム、カルボキシメチルセルロースナトリウム、カルボキシメチルセルロースカルシウム、プルラン、キトサン、カルボキシメチルスターチナトリウム、プランタゴ種皮、ガラクトマンナン、オイドラギット、カゼイン、アルギン酸アルキルエステル、ゼラチン、セラック系樹脂(セラック、白色透明セラック)、酢酸セルロース、ヒドロキシエチルメチルセルロース、水不溶性メタクリル酸共重合体、メタクリル酸エチル・メタクリル酸塩化トリメチルアンモニウムエチル共重合体、メタクリル酸ジメチルアミノエチル・メタクリル酸メチル共重合体等を挙げることができ、使用に際してはそれぞれ単独または2種以上混合して用いることができる。 As the water-soluble base, known water-soluble matrix materials intended for mucosal administration including oral mucosal administration can be appropriately selected and used. The water-soluble matrix material is a material having water solubility and capable of contributing to the form as a solid, although having a predetermined shape or an irregular shape. Water soluble polymers can generally be used as the water soluble matrix material. Such water-soluble matrix materials are not particularly limited, and examples thereof include polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyvinyl alcohol, sodium polyacrylate, carboxymethyl cellulose, starch, xanthan gum, karaya gum, sodium alginate, methyl cellulose, carboxyvinyl polymer, agar, hydroxy Propyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose phthalate (HPMCP), cellulose acetate phthalate (alias: cellulose acetate phthalate, CAP), carboxymethyl ethyl cellulose (CMEC), ethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, tragacanth, gum arabic, locust bean gum, Guar gum, gellan gum, carrageenan ( Lagenan), dextrin, dextran, amylose, carboxymethylcellulose potassium, carboxymethylcellulose sodium, carboxymethylcellulose calcium, pullulan, chitosan, carboxymethylstarch sodium, plantago seed coat, galactomannan, eudragit, casein, alginic acid alkyl ester, gelatin, shellac resin ( Shellac, white transparent shellac), cellulose acetate, hydroxyethyl methylcellulose, water-insoluble methacrylic acid copolymer, ethyl methacrylate / methacrylated trimethylammoniumethyl copolymer, dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate / methyl methacrylate copolymer, etc. When used, they can be used alone or in combination of two or more. .
 水溶性マトリックス材料としては、口腔内に投入した際に唾液の作用により粘着性を発揮して、口腔粘膜に対する高い付着性を発揮するものが好ましく、具体的には、特に、プルラン、ポリビニルアルコール(PVA)、ヒドロキシプロピルセルロース(HPC)、ポリビニルピロリドン(PVP)、ゼラチン、デンプン及びこれらの混合物からなる群より選択される基剤が特に好ましく用いられる。 The water-soluble matrix material is preferably one that exhibits adhesiveness by the action of saliva when introduced into the oral cavity and exhibits high adhesiveness to the oral mucous membrane, and specifically, in particular, pullulan, polyvinyl alcohol ( Particularly preferred is a base selected from the group consisting of PVA), hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC), polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP), gelatin, starch and mixtures thereof.
 また、水溶性マトリックス材料としては、グルコースを基本構成単位として有し且つゲル化点を有しない多糖類および含カルボン酸若しくは含硫黄多糖類からなる水溶性マトリックス材料を用いるのが好ましい。グルコースを基本構成単位として有する多糖類としては、プルラン、アルギン酸、デンプン等を挙げることができる。また、含カルボン酸若しくは含硫黄多糖類としては、ジェランガム、カラギーナン等を挙げることができる。 In addition, as the water-soluble matrix material, it is preferable to use a water-soluble matrix material composed of a polysaccharide having glucose as a basic structural unit and having no gelling point and a carboxylic acid or a sulfur-containing polysaccharide. Examples of polysaccharides having glucose as a basic constituent unit include pullulan, alginic acid, starch and the like. Moreover, gellan gum, carrageenan etc. can be mentioned as carboxylic acid or sulfur-containing polysaccharide.
 水溶性マトリックス材料の含有量は、特に限定するものではないが、例えば、水溶性基剤における媒体以外の固形成分の全質量に対して10質量部以上60質量部以下とすることができる。上限は好ましくは50質量部以下であり、また、40質量部以下であってもよい。また、下限は、好ましくは15質量部以上であり、20質量部以上である。 The content of the water-soluble matrix material is not particularly limited, but can be, for example, 10 parts by mass or more and 60 parts by mass or less with respect to the total mass of solid components other than the medium in the water-soluble base. The upper limit is preferably 50 parts by mass or less, and may be 40 parts by mass or less. The lower limit is preferably 15 parts by mass or more and 20 parts by mass or more.
<乳化剤>
 乳化剤を添加することにより、水溶性マトリックス材料の溶液中の薬物等の分散性を高めたり、製造過程における水溶性基剤形成用溶液を塗工する際の塗工性を確保することができる。乳化剤としては、特に限定するものではないが、例えば、HLB価が14.0以上の乳化剤を用いることができる。HLB価が14.0以上であると、アドレナリンなどの有効成分の吸収を向上させることができる。HLB価は、また例えば、14.5以上であり、また例えば、15.0以上であり、また例えば、15.5以上であり、また例えば、16.0以上であり、また例えば、16.5以上であり、また例えば、17.0以上であり、また例えば、18.0以上である。
<Emulsifier>
By adding an emulsifier, the dispersibility of the drug etc. in the solution of the water-soluble matrix material can be enhanced, and the coatability at the time of applying the solution for forming the water-soluble base in the production process can be secured. Although it does not specifically limit as an emulsifier, For example, an HLB value can use an emulsifier of 14.0 or more. When the HLB value is 14.0 or more, absorption of an active ingredient such as adrenaline can be improved. The HLB value is also, for example, 14.5 or more, for example, 15.0 or more, for example, 15.5 or more, for example, 16.0 or more, for example, 16.5 Or more, for example, 17.0 or more, and for example, 18.0 or more.
 HLB価が14.0以上の乳化剤としては、特に限定するものではないが、例えば、ポリグリセリン脂肪酸エステル、ショ糖ステアリン酸エステルなどのショ糖脂肪酸エステル、有機酸モノグリセリン脂肪酸エステル、ポリソルベート、ポリグリセリン縮合リシノレイン酸エステル、ラウロイルマクロゴール-32 グリセリドやラウロイルポリオキシル-32 グリセリドなどのラウロイルマクロゴールグリセリド、ステアロイルマクロゴールグリセリド、カプリロカプロイルマクロゴール-8 グリセリドやカプリロカプロイルポリオキシル-8 グリセリドなどのカプリロカプロイルマクロゴール等が例示できる。 The emulsifier having an HLB value of 14.0 or more is not particularly limited. For example, polyglycerin fatty acid ester, sucrose fatty acid ester such as sucrose stearate, organic monoglycerin fatty acid ester, polysorbate, polyglycerin Condensed ricinoleate ester, lauroyl macrogol-32 glycerides and lauroyl polyoxyl-32 glycerides lauroyl macrogol glycerides, stearoyl macrogol glycerides, caprylocaproyl macrogol-8 glycerides, caprylocaproyl polyoxyl-8 glycerides, etc. Caprocaproyl macrogol and the like can be exemplified.
 こうした乳化剤としては、例えば、「サーフホープ」(ショ糖脂肪酸エステルの商品名、三菱化学フーズ社製)、「M-7D」(ポリグリセリン脂肪酸エステルの市販品、三菱化学フーズ社製)、「サンレシチンA-1」(大豆由来レシチンの市販品、太陽化学社製)、ポリソルベート80HM(日油株式会社製)、Gelucire 44/14、Labrasol(以上、CBC株式会社)等の市販品を用いることもできる。上記乳化剤の使用量は、水溶性マトリックス材料の種類や有効成分の種類やその含有量によっても異なるが、例えば、水溶性マトリックス材料100質量部に対して0.1質量部以上40質量部以下程度とするのが好ましく、より好ましくは1質量部以上20質量部以下であり、さらに好ましくは10質量部以下である。 As such an emulsifier, for example, "Surf Hope" (trade name of sucrose fatty acid ester, manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Foods), "M-7D" (commercial product of polyglycerin fatty acid ester, manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Foods), "Suncrude" It is also possible to use commercially available products such as “Lecithin A-1” (commercially available product of soybean derived lecithin, manufactured by Sun Chemical Co., Ltd.), Polysorbate 80HM (manufactured by NOF Corporation), Gelucire 44/14, Labrasol (all, CBC Corporation) it can. The amount of the emulsifier used varies depending on the type of the water-soluble matrix material, the type of the active ingredient, and the content thereof, but for example, about 0.1 to 40 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the water-soluble matrix material It is preferable to use, more preferably, 1 part by weight or more and 20 parts by weight or less, and still more preferably 10 parts by weight or less.
 そのほか、適宜、ポリオキシエチレンソルビタンオレイン酸エステル、ショ糖脂肪酸エステル、ポリグリセリン脂肪酸エステル、大豆由来レシチン等の界面活性剤を挙げることができ、使用に際してはそれぞれ単独または2種以上混合して用いることができる。 In addition, surfactants such as polyoxyethylene sorbitan oleate, sucrose fatty acid ester, polyglycerin fatty acid ester, soy bean-derived lecithin, etc. may be mentioned as appropriate, and may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Can.
(添加剤)
 水溶性基剤は、水溶性マトリックス材料のほか、各種の添加剤を含むことができる。添加剤としては、公知の口腔粘膜投与を意図するなどの製剤に一般的に用いられる添加剤を適宜選択して用いることができる。添加剤としては、例えば、可塑剤、ゲル化剤、賦形剤等が挙げられる。
(Additive)
The water soluble base can contain various additives in addition to the water soluble matrix material. As the additive, additives generally used in preparations intended for known oral mucosal administration can be appropriately selected and used. As an additive, a plasticizer, a gelatinizer, an excipient | filler, etc. are mentioned, for example.
 可塑剤としては、特に限定するものではないが、例えば、グリセリン、ソルビトール、ポリグリセリン等を挙げることができ、使用に際してはそれぞれ単独または2種以上混合して用いることができる。なかでも、グリセリンが好ましい。また、市販品を用いることもできる。可塑剤は、水溶性基剤に柔軟性を付与することができる。可塑剤の使用量は、水溶性マトリックス材料の種類や有効成分の種類や含有量等によっても異なるが、例えば、水溶性マトリックス材料100質量部に対して5質量部以上15質量部以下とするのが好ましい。 The plasticizer is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include glycerin, sorbitol, polyglycerin and the like, and when used, they can be used singly or in combination of two or more. Among them, glycerin is preferred. Moreover, a commercial item can also be used. The plasticizer can impart flexibility to the water soluble base. The amount of plasticizer used varies depending on the type of water-soluble matrix material, the type and content of the active ingredient, etc. For example, 5 parts by mass to 15 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the water-soluble matrix material Is preferred.
 賦形剤としては、特に限定するものではないが、例えば、沈降炭酸カルシウム、結晶セルロース、トウモロコシデンプン、部分アルファ化デンプン、ステアリン酸マグネシウム、グルコマンナン、ジャガイモデンプン、低置換度ヒドロキシプロピルセルロース(ヒドロキシプロピルセルロースを物理的に変性させたもの、L-HPC)等を挙げることができ、使用に際してはそれぞれ単独または2種以上混合して用いることができる。賦形剤の含有量は、特に限定するものではないが、例えば、水溶性基剤の溶解性や崩壊性の確保の観点から、好ましくは水溶性マトリックス材料100質量部に対して、水溶性基剤の溶解性・崩壊性の観点からは、0.5質量部以上20質量部以下とすることができる。より好ましくは1質量部以上20質量部以下であり、さらに好ましくは2質量部以上15質量部以下である。 The excipient is not particularly limited. For example, precipitated calcium carbonate, crystalline cellulose, corn starch, partially pregelatinized starch, magnesium stearate, glucomannan, potato starch, low substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose (hydroxypropyl Those obtained by physically modifying cellulose, L-HPC) and the like can be mentioned, and when used, they can be used alone or in combination of two or more. The content of the excipient is not particularly limited. For example, from the viewpoint of securing the solubility and disintegrability of the water-soluble base, the water-soluble group is preferably used per 100 parts by mass of the water-soluble matrix material. From the viewpoint of the solubility and disintegration of the agent, it can be 0.5 parts by mass or more and 20 parts by mass or less. More preferably, it is 1 part by weight or more and 20 parts by weight or less, still more preferably 2 parts by weight or more and 15 parts by weight or less.
 ゲル化剤は、水溶性基剤の溶解性の調整に用いることができる。ゲル化剤としては、特に限定するものではないが、例えば、二酸化チタン、リン酸ナトリウム、リン酸カリウム、ステアリン酸ナトリウム、ステアリン酸カリウム等の金属塩を用いることができる。ゲル化剤の使用量は、水溶性マトリックス材料100質量部に対して0.1質量部以上5質量部以下とするのが好ましく、0.5質量部以上3質量部以下とするのがさらに好ましい。また、水溶性基剤の速やかな溶解及び/又は崩壊ないしは有効成分の速やかな吸収を意図する場合には、同1質量%以下であることが好ましく、より好ましくは0.5質量%以下であり、さらには、0.2質量%以下であり、ゲル化剤を含んでいなくてもよい。 The gelling agent can be used to adjust the solubility of the water-soluble base. The gelling agent is not particularly limited, and, for example, metal salts such as titanium dioxide, sodium phosphate, potassium phosphate, sodium stearate, potassium stearate and the like can be used. The amount of the gelling agent used is preferably 0.1 parts by mass to 5 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the water-soluble matrix material, and more preferably 0.5 parts by mass to 3 parts by mass . In addition, when it is intended to rapidly dissolve and / or disintegrate the water-soluble base or to rapidly absorb the active ingredient, the content is preferably 1% by mass or less, more preferably 0.5% by mass or less. Furthermore, it is 0.2% by mass or less, and may not contain a gelling agent.
 さらに、水溶性基剤は、本治療剤が意図する効果を阻害しない範囲で他の添加剤、たとえば、リン酸カリウム等のゲル化促進剤、麦芽還元糖水飴、ショ糖、乳糖、果糖又はサッカリン、アスパルテーム、アスパルテーム・L-フェニルアラニン化合物、スクラロース、ソーマチン、アセスルファムカリウム、ステビア等の甘味料、ペパーミント、ハッカ油、チェリーフレーバー、オレンジ油、ウイキョウ油、エチルマルトール、l-メントール等の香料、安息香酸、安息香酸ナトリウム、安息香酸ベンジル、パラオキシ安息香酸エチル、パラオキシ安息香酸ブチル、パラオキシ安息香酸プロピル等の防腐剤、酸化チタン等の不透明化剤、三二酸化鉄、黄色三二酸化鉄等の着色剤を含むこともできる。 Furthermore, the water-soluble base may be any other additive as long as the effect intended by the present therapeutic agent is not impaired, for example, a gelation promoter such as potassium phosphate, malt reducing sugar syrup, sucrose, lactose, fructose or saccharin Sweeteners such as aspartame, aspartame and L-phenylalanine compounds, sucralose, thaumatin, acesulfame potassium and stevia, peppermint, peppermint oil, cherry flavor, orange oil, fennel oil, ethylmaltol, l-menthol and other flavors, benzoic acid, Containing preservatives such as sodium benzoate, benzyl benzoate, ethyl parahydroxybenzoate, butyl parahydroxybenzoate, propyl parahydroxybenzoate, opacifiers such as titanium oxide, and colorants such as ferric oxide and yellow ferric oxide You can also.
 また、本治療剤は、製剤識別性、含有量を明示するほか、緊急性を明確にする等のため、着色及び/又は文字、数字、絵柄などのデザインが付与されていてもよい。例えば、幼児や小児への投与にあたり、味や香りなどのほか、色や絵柄等によって、投与時の不安感等を解消するように構成されていてもよい。特に、水溶性基剤がフィルム形状を有するとき、薬剤自体に種々の表示が可能であるほか、特に、口腔粘膜投与製剤であると、薬剤の投与と同時に、味や香り等により、アレルギー発症個体である幼児や小児に安心感等を与えることができる点において有利である。 Further, the present therapeutic agent may have a coloring and / or design such as letters, numbers, or patterns for clarifying the formulation identification property and the content and clarifying the urgency. For example, in administration to infants and children, in addition to taste and smell, color, pattern, etc. may be configured to eliminate anxiety at the time of administration. In particular, when the water-soluble base has a film shape, various indications can be made on the drug itself, and in particular, in the case of an oral mucous membrane administration preparation, allergic onset individual due to taste or smell simultaneously with administration of the drug. It is advantageous in being able to give a sense of security to infants and children who are
 着色剤としては、アセンヤクタンニン末、黄色三二酸化鉄、ウコン抽出液、褐色酸化鉄、カーボンブラック、カラメル、カルミン、カロチン液、β-カロテン、カンゾウエキス、金箔、銀箔、プラチナ箔、黒酸化鉄、軽質無水ケイ酸、酸化チタン、三二酸化鉄、食用青色1号、食用黄色4号、食用黄色4号アルミニウムレーキ、食用黄色5号、食用黄色5号アルミニウムレーキ、食用赤色2号、食用赤色3号、食用赤色102号、タルク、銅クロロフィリンナトリウム、銅クロロフィル、ハダカムギ緑葉抽出エキス、ミリスチン酸オクチルドデシル、薬用炭、リボフラビン、リボフラビン酪酸エルテル、リボフラビン酸エステル、緑茶末、ローズ油などを用いることができる。また、上記したように、アレルギー発症個体に対して、安心感等を付与できる各種フレーバーを含めることもできる。 As a coloring agent, Asen Yaku tannin powder, yellow ferric oxide, turmeric extract, brown iron oxide, carbon black, caramel, carmine, carotene solution, β-carotene, licorice extract, gold foil, silver foil, platinum foil, black iron oxide Light anhydrous silicic acid, titanium oxide, ferric oxide, food blue 1, food yellow 4, food yellow 4 aluminum lake, food yellow 5, food yellow 5 aluminum lake, food red 2, food red 3 No. food red No. 102, talc, copper chlorophyllin sodium, copper chlorophyll, green leaf extract extract, octyldodecyl myristate, medicinal charcoal, riboflavin, riboflavin butyrate ertel, riboflavin ester, green tea powder, rose oil etc. can be used . In addition, as described above, it is possible to include various flavors capable of giving a feeling of security or the like to an allergic onset individual.
(有効成分)
 有効成分は、アレルギー症状の予防又は治療に有用な成分である。ここで、アレルギー症状とは、概してI型アレルギーに起因する症状をいう。アレルギー症状は、具体的には、アトピー性皮膚炎、気管支喘息、アレルギー性鼻炎、花粉症、じんましん、食物アレルギー、薬物アレルギー、蜂毒アレルギー、血清アレルギー、アナフィラキシー、アナフィラキシーショック等が挙げられる。
(Active ingredient)
The active ingredient is a ingredient useful for the prevention or treatment of allergic symptoms. Here, allergic symptoms generally refer to symptoms resulting from type I allergy. Specific examples of allergic symptoms include atopic dermatitis, bronchial asthma, allergic rhinitis, hay fever, hives, food allergy, drug allergy, bee venom allergy, serum allergy, anaphylaxis, anaphylactic shock and the like.
 アナフィラキシーは、アレルギー反応が短時間で全身性で複数の臓器(皮膚、粘膜、呼吸器、消化器、循環器など)に現れる症状である。アナフィラキシーは、あらゆるアレルゲンが誘因となるが、なかでも、薬物、蜂毒などの昆虫の毒液、卵、魚介類、ナッツ類などのある種の食物、アレルギー注射(アレルゲン免疫療法)、天然ゴムなどのラテックスなどが主たる誘因とされている。アナフィラキシーショックは、アナフィラキシーのなかでも、血圧低下や意識障害を生じる状態をいう。 Anaphylaxis is a symptom in which an allergic reaction occurs in a short period of time and becomes systemic and in multiple organs (skin, mucous membranes, respiratory organs, digestive organs, circulatory organs, etc.). Anaphylaxis can be triggered by any allergen, but among them, drugs, insect venoms such as bee venom, certain foods such as eggs, fish and shellfish, nuts, allergy injection (allergen immunotherapy), natural gum, etc. Latex is considered to be the main cause. Anaphylaxis shock is a condition that causes blood pressure drop and impaired consciousness among anaphylaxis.
 なお、アレルギー症状としては、上記のほか、口腔アレルギー症候群・食物依存性運動誘発性アナフィラキシーなどにより生じるアナフィラキシー及びアナフィラキシーショックが挙げられる。 In addition to the above, allergic symptoms include anaphylaxis and anaphylactic shock caused by oral allergy syndrome, food-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis, and the like.
 アレルギー症状の予防又は治療に有効な成分としては、概して、各種の抗ヒスタミン薬、気管支拡張薬であるβ作動薬、各種のステロイド、グルカゴン、アドレナリン又はノルアドレナリンが挙げられる。本治療剤が、アナフィラキシー又はアナフィラキシーショックの予防又は治療のために用いられる場合、アドレナリン及びノルアドレナリンのいずれか又は双方を有効成分とすることが好ましく、より好ましくはアドレナリンを有効成分とする。有効成分は、目的等に応じて1又は2以上を組み合わせて用いることもできる。なお、アドレナリン及びノルアドレナリンなど、光学異性体が存在する場合には、投与目的に適合する異性体又はラセミ体等を適宜選択して用いることができる。 The components effective for preventing or treating allergic symptoms generally include various antihistamines, β-agonists which are bronchodilators, various steroids, glucagon, adrenalin or noradrenaline. When the therapeutic agent is used for the prevention or treatment of anaphylaxis or anaphylactic shock, it is preferable that either or both of adrenaline and noradrenaline be an active ingredient, and more preferably, adrenalin be an active ingredient. The active ingredients can also be used in combination of one or more depending on the purpose and the like. When optical isomers such as adrenaline and noradrenaline are present, isomers or racemates suitable for the purpose of administration can be appropriately selected and used.
 なかでも、アドレナリンは、フリーのアドレナリンのほか、塩酸塩、酒石酸塩、酒石酸水素塩等の各種形態が挙げられる。溶解性、吸収性や安定性等の観点から、好ましくは塩酸塩を用いることができる。 Among them, adrenaline includes free adrenaline and various forms such as hydrochloride, tartrate and hydrogen tartrate. From the viewpoint of solubility, absorbability, stability, etc., preferably hydrochloride can be used.
 有効成分は、水溶性基剤に溶解又は分散して含まれ、特に、水溶性基剤における存在形態は限定されない。好ましくは、吸収性を考慮すると、水溶性基剤に溶解して含まれる。有効成分の水溶性基剤に対する含有量は特に限定するものではないが、限定しないが、水溶性基剤100質量部に対して0.5質量部以上50質量部以下であることが好ましい。より好ましくは30質量部である。 The active ingredient is dissolved or dispersed in a water-soluble base, and in particular, the present embodiment in the water-soluble base is not limited. Preferably, in consideration of absorbability, it is contained by being dissolved in a water-soluble base. The content of the active ingredient with respect to the water-soluble base is not particularly limited, but is not limited, but preferably 0.5 parts by mass or more and 50 parts by mass or less with respect to 100 parts by mass of the water-soluble base. More preferably, it is 30 parts by mass.
 本治療剤は、経粘膜投与のために製剤化された剤形を採ることができる。経粘膜投与のための投与経路としては、体腔粘膜が好ましい。体腔粘膜としては特に限定されないで、例えば、口腔粘膜、咽頭部粘膜、鼻腔粘膜、膣粘膜、直腸粘膜等が挙げられる。本治療剤は、より好ましくは、口腔粘膜投与のために製剤化された剤形を採ることができる。本治療剤が含有することができる有効成分の量はアレルギー症状の種類、治療等の目的、投与対象(種、体重、性別、成人か小児か等)によって異なる。 The therapeutic agent can take a dosage form formulated for transmucosal administration. As a route of administration for transmucosal administration, body cavity mucosa is preferred. The mucous membrane of the body cavity is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include oral mucous membrane, pharyngeal mucous membrane, nasal mucous membrane, vaginal mucous membrane, rectal mucous membrane and the like. The therapeutic agent can more preferably take a dosage form formulated for buccal administration. The amount of active ingredient that can be contained in the present therapeutic agent varies depending on the type of allergic condition, purpose of treatment, etc., and the subject of administration (species, body weight, sex, adult or child, etc.).
 例えば、口腔粘膜投与製剤の場合には、口腔粘膜、なかでも、舌下投与製剤とすることができる。なお、本治療剤を舌下投与製剤とする場合、舌裏粘膜に直接付着保持させるようにしてもよいし、舌裏粘膜に本治療剤が接触しやすいように、舌の下側の下顎表面に本治療剤を付着保持させるようにしてもよい。 For example, in the case of a preparation for oral mucosal administration, it can be a preparation for oral administration, in particular, a preparation for sublingual administration. When the therapeutic agent is a preparation for sublingual administration, it may be adhered and held directly on the tongue lining mucosa, or the lower jaw surface of the lower tongue so that the therapeutic agent can easily contact the tongue lining mucosa. The present therapeutic agent may be adhered and held.
 本治療剤が舌下投与製剤の場合、本治療剤はそれ自体舌下に投与しやすい形態や投与のためのアプリケータを別途に備えることができる。水溶性基剤がフィルム又はタブレット等の所定の3次元形状を備える製剤(以下、単に、成形製剤という。)の場合、それ自体舌下投与しやすい形態としては、例えば、成形製剤自体を舌下の形状に沿った3次元形態を有するようにしてもよい。 When the therapeutic agent is a preparation for sublingual administration, the therapeutic agent can itself be provided with a form easy to be administered sublingually and an applicator for administration. When the water-soluble base is a preparation having a predetermined three-dimensional shape such as a film or a tablet (hereinafter simply referred to as a molded preparation), the form itself can be easily administered sublingually. It may have a three-dimensional form along the shape of.
 また、舌下投与のためのアプリケータ2としては、例えば、図1に示すように、舌下に差し込みやすい形態を備える挿入部4と、挿入部4上の成形製剤を保持し被覆するカバー部6と、当該挿入部4を舌下に挿入させるための手指で把持する長尺状の把持部8と、を備えることができる。アプリケータ2は、全体としてはヘラ状に形成されている。挿入部4は、例えば、成形製剤を舌裏粘膜へ付着させることを意図する場合には、成形製剤を保持する領域を、舌裏形状に倣って成形製剤を付着させやすいように舌裏側に凹状等となるように形成することができる。一方、成形製剤を舌下下顎粘膜に付着させる場合には、舌下下顎形状に倣って成形製剤を付着させやすいように舌下下顎側に凸状となるように形成することもできる。 In addition, as the applicator 2 for sublingual administration, for example, as shown in FIG. 1, an insertion part 4 having a form that can be inserted easily under the tongue, and a cover part that holds and covers the molded preparation on the insertion part 4 6 and an elongated gripping portion 8 gripped with fingers for inserting the insertion portion 4 under the tongue. The applicator 2 is formed in a spatula as a whole. For example, when it is intended to attach the formed preparation to the mucous membrane of the tongue, the insertion portion 4 is concave on the back side of the tongue so as to facilitate the attachment of the formed preparation to conform to the tongue shape. And so on. On the other hand, when the formed preparation is attached to the sublingual mandible mucous membrane, it may be formed to be convex toward the sublingual mandible side so that the formed preparation adheres easily to conform to the shape of the sublingual mandible.
 カバー部6は、成形製剤が、意図した部位以外に付着しないように成形製剤を覆って挿入部4上に保持する部材である。カバー部6は、少なくとも成形製剤をカバーできる程度の先端部10と、先端部10に連結され、把持部8の長軸に沿って配置される支持部12とを備えることができる。支持部12は、把持部8の長軸にそって、スライド移動可能に設けられており、カバー部10を、成形製剤をカバーする位置から露出させる位置まで、把持部8に溝状などに設けたスライドガイド14によって挿入部4とは反対側に引くことが可能となっている。 The cover portion 6 is a member that covers and holds the formed preparation on the insertion portion 4 so that the formed preparation does not adhere to other than the intended site. The cover 6 may include at least a tip 10 capable of covering a molded preparation, and a support 12 connected to the tip 10 and disposed along the long axis of the grip 8. The support portion 12 is provided slidably along the long axis of the grip portion 8 and is provided in a groove shape or the like in the grip portion 8 from the position covering the molded preparation to the position for exposing the cover The slide guide 14 can be pulled to the side opposite to the insertion portion 4.
 こうしたアプリケータ2によれば、アプリケータ2の挿入部4に成形製剤を配置して、カバー部6で成形製剤をカバーして成形製剤を挿入部4上に保持することができる。そして、アプリケータ2の把持部8をもって、アレルギー発症個体の口腔内に挿入部4を差し込で、挿入部4を舌裏又は舌下に配置し、その後、カバー部6を手前に(口腔外に引き出すように)スライド移動させることで、挿入部4上の成形製剤が露出され、成形製剤が舌下口腔粘膜に付着される。なお、挿入部4に対して成形製剤をある程度の強度で保持させることができればカバー部6は必ずしも必要ない。かかるアプリケータ2は、舌下口腔粘膜以外に、口腔粘膜以外に、咽頭部粘膜等にも適宜適用可能である。 According to such an applicator 2, it is possible to dispose the formed preparation in the insertion portion 4 of the applicator 2, cover the formed preparation by the cover portion 6, and hold the formed preparation on the insertion portion 4. And the insertion part 4 is inserted in the oral cavity of the allergy onset individual with the holding part 8 of the applicator 2, and the insertion part 4 is arranged under the tongue or under the tongue, and then the cover 6 is turned to the front (outside the oral cavity The slide movement exposes the formed preparation on the insertion part 4 and adheres the formed preparation to the sublingual oral mucosa. The cover portion 6 is not necessarily required as long as the formed preparation can be held to a certain degree of strength with respect to the insertion portion 4. The applicator 2 can be appropriately applied to the pharyngeal mucosa etc. in addition to the oral mucosa, in addition to the sublingual oral mucosa.
 なお、アプリケータ2の挿入部4、カバー部6及び把持部8は、シリコーン樹脂などの粘膜を傷付けない柔軟性及び弾性と容易に破損しない強度を備えているプラスチックや木質系材料等で構成されることが好ましい。また、後述するように、成形製剤は、予め、挿入部6の所定位置に備えられていてもよいし、本治療剤とアプリケータ2とをキットとして、使用時に、本治療剤を挿入部6に保持させてもよい。 The insertion portion 4, the cover portion 6, and the grip portion 8 of the applicator 2 are made of a plastic, wood-based material, etc. having flexibility and elasticity that do not damage the mucous membrane such as silicone resin and strength that does not easily break. Is preferred. Further, as described later, the molded preparation may be provided in advance at a predetermined position of the insertion portion 6, and the therapeutic agent may be inserted at the time of use by using the present therapeutic agent and the applicator 2 as a kit. You may make it hold.
 また、鼻腔粘膜、膣粘膜、直腸粘膜等に適用するのに好ましい形態としては、例えば、図2に示す態様が挙げられる。図2に示すアプリケータ22は、手指を使って鼻腔、膣、肛門に成形製剤を挿入するものである。アプリケータ22は、手指を所定長さにわたってカバーするサック又はバンド状等の挿入部24と、その挿入部24の先端部をカバーするカバー部26とから構成することができる。サック部24の先端には、成形製剤を保持することができるようになっている。カバー部26は、挿入部24先端に保持された成形製剤をカバーし、その後露出させることができるようになっている。具体的には、カバー部26は、図2に示すように、挿入部24の外周面を覆う筒状体とし、その全体を手前(例えば、肛門外など)にスライド移動させることができるようになっている。カバー部26はその全体を手前に引くように構成してもよいし、図2に示すように、ひも状又はスティック状等のガイド28を備えることもできる。挿入部24及びカバー部26は、いずれも柔軟性に富む、ゴムや樹脂などの材料で構成されていることが好ましい。 Moreover, as a preferable form for applying to nasal cavity mucous membrane, vaginal mucous membrane, rectum mucous membrane etc., the aspect shown in FIG. 2 is mentioned, for example. The applicator 22 shown in FIG. 2 is for inserting a shaped preparation into the nasal cavity, vagina and anus using fingers. The applicator 22 can be composed of a sack or band-like insertion portion 24 for covering the fingers over a predetermined length, and a cover portion 26 for covering the tip of the insertion portion 24. The tip of the sack portion 24 is adapted to be able to hold a shaped preparation. The cover portion 26 is configured to cover the molded preparation held at the distal end of the insertion portion 24 and to be exposed thereafter. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 2, the cover portion 26 is a cylindrical body covering the outer peripheral surface of the insertion portion 24 so that the whole can be slid forward (for example, outside the anus etc.) It has become. The cover portion 26 may be configured to pull the whole toward the front, or may be provided with a guide 28 in the form of a string or a stick as shown in FIG. The insertion portion 24 and the cover portion 26 are preferably made of a material such as rubber or resin which is rich in flexibility.
 本治療剤は、アレルギー症状を予防又は治療に用いることができる。本治療剤を適用するアレルギー症状については既に説明したとおりである。アレルギー症状は、アレルゲンに曝露後において、一定時間をおいて引き起こされる。したがって、アレルゲンへの曝露が判明後、速やかに本治療剤を投与することで、アレルギー症状を予防することができる。また、アレルギー症状が引き起こされた後において、本治療剤を投与することで、アレルギー症状を治療し、あるいは治療を補助し、少なくとも症状の進行を一時的に緩和し、ショックを防ぐことができる。本治療剤は、アレルギー症状のなかでも、投与に緊急性が要求されるアナフィラキシー及びアナフィラキシーショックの予防や補助治療等に有用である。 The therapeutic agent can be used to prevent or treat allergic symptoms. The allergic symptoms to which the present therapeutic agent is applied are as described above. Allergic symptoms are caused at regular intervals after exposure to an allergen. Therefore, allergic symptoms can be prevented by administering the present therapeutic agent as soon as exposure to the allergen is known. In addition, after the allergic symptoms are caused, the therapeutic agent can be administered to treat or support the allergic symptoms, and at least temporarily alleviate the progression of symptoms to prevent shock. The present therapeutic agent is useful for the prophylaxis or adjuvant treatment of anaphylactic and anaphylactic shock which require urgent treatment for administration among allergic symptoms.
 本治療剤は、アナフィラキシー又はアナフィラキシーショックを発症した個体に対して、特に、医療従事者でない第三者が、緊急的に投与するのに都合がよい。体腔粘膜を投与経路とする場合には、注射剤や吸入剤とは異なり、特別な装置がなくても、直ちに、かつ容易に、しかも、訓練を要することなく躊躇することなく投与することができる。さらに、携行性にも優れており、複数回投与のために複数個携行するにも好適である。特に、アナフィラキシー又はアナフィラキシーショックの治療のためには、舌下投与剤であることが好ましい。舌下投与剤であれば、医療従事者でない第三者であっても、緊急事態に応じて本治療剤を一層容易に適切に投与することができる。 This therapeutic agent is convenient for emergency administration to an individual who has developed anaphylaxis or anaphylactic shock, in particular, by a third party who is not a healthcare professional. In the case where the mucous membrane of the body cavity is used as the administration route, unlike injections and inhalants, even without special equipment, administration can be performed immediately, easily, and without any need for training. . Furthermore, it is excellent in portability, and is suitable for carrying a plurality for multiple administration. In particular, for the treatment of anaphylaxis or anaphylactic shock, a sublingual administration is preferred. If it is a sublingual administration, even if it is a third party who is not a medical worker, this therapeutic agent can be more easily appropriately administered in response to an emergency situation.
 例えば、本治療剤が、ナフィキラシー又はアナフィラキシーショックの予防又は治療を目的とし、アドレナリンを有効成分とする場合において、アドレナリンの種類、投与対象の体重、性別、成人又は小児等によっても異なるが、例えば、舌下投与用の単回投与用としての本治療剤の投与量は、0.001mg以上10mg以下/kg体重として設定することが好ましい。より好ましくは0.01mg以上1mg以下/kg体重であり、さらに好ましくは0.01mg以上0.1mg以下/kg体重であり、なお好ましくは0.05mg以上0.08mg以下/kg体重である。その結果、例えば、体重30kg以上のヒト患者用として、単回投与剤として、アドレナリンなどの有効成分を0.01mg以上300mg以下含有することができる。概して、有効成分は0.1mg以上10mg以下であることが好ましく、より好ましくは1.5mg以上2.4mg以下である。 For example, in the case where the present therapeutic agent is intended for the prevention or treatment of nafiquilacy or anaphylactic shock and uses adrenaline as an active ingredient, it may vary depending on the type of adrenaline, body weight of the subject, sex, adult or child, etc. The dose of the present therapeutic agent for single administration for sublingual administration is preferably set as 0.001 mg or more and 10 mg or less / kg body weight. More preferably, it is 0.01 mg to 1 mg / kg body weight, still more preferably 0.01 mg to 0.1 mg / kg body weight, and still more preferably 0.05 mg to 0.08 mg / kg body weight. As a result, for example, for a human patient with a body weight of 30 kg or more, an active ingredient such as adrenaline can be contained as a single dose from 0.01 mg to 300 mg. In general, the active ingredient is preferably 0.1 mg or more and 10 mg or less, more preferably 1.5 mg or more and 2.4 mg or less.
 また、体重が15kg以上30kg未満のヒト患者に投与するための舌下投与用の単回投与剤としての本治療剤は、アドレナリンなどの有効成分を0.005mg以上150mg以下含有することができる。概して、有効成分は0.05mg以上5mg以下であることが好ましく、より好ましくは0.75mg以上1.2mg以下である。 The present therapeutic agent as a single-dose agent for sublingual administration for administration to human patients weighing 15 kg or more and less than 30 kg can contain 0.005 mg or more and 150 mg or less of an active ingredient such as adrenaline. In general, the active ingredient is preferably 0.05 mg or more and 5 mg or less, more preferably 0.75 mg or more and 1.2 mg or less.
 例えば、アドレナリンを有効成分として、約20mg/kg体重でウサギ舌下に投与した場合、投与後10分でも最大900ng/mlに到達させることができ、遅くても投与後20分以内において最大600~900ng/mlの血漿アドレナリン濃度を提供することができる。血漿アドレナリン濃度の最大値までの到達時間は、アドレナリンを筋肉注射したときの到達時間(約8分)に匹敵するものであり、舌下投与などの粘膜投与製剤の有効性及び速効性が支持される。 For example, when adrenaline is used as an active ingredient at about 20 mg / kg body weight and administered sublingually to rabbits, up to 900 ng / ml can be reached even 10 minutes after administration, and up to 600 up to 20 minutes after administration within 20 minutes after administration A plasma adrenaline concentration of 900 ng / ml can be provided. The reaching time to the maximum value of plasma adrenaline concentration is comparable to the reaching time (about 8 minutes) when intramuscularly injecting adrenaline, supporting the efficacy and fast-acting effect of mucosal administration preparations such as sublingual administration Ru.
 本治療剤は、アレルギー発症個体に対して少なくとも必要な投与量を含む単回投与量毎の製剤形態を採ることができる。すなわち、本治療剤が、成形製剤の場合には、個々の成形製剤を個別包装することができる。また、本治療剤が、成形されていない不定形製剤の場合には、単回投与量を個々に充填したチューブ等の容器に充填することができる。 The present therapeutic agent can be in the form of a single dose formulation containing at least the required dose for an allergy-induced individual. That is, when the therapeutic agent is a shaped preparation, individual shaped preparations can be packaged individually. In addition, when the therapeutic agent is an unshaped and amorphous preparation, a single dose can be filled into a container such as a tube filled with each individually.
 本治療剤は、個々の単回投与量に容易に分割可能に形成されていてもよい。すなわち、本治療剤が、フィルムやタブレットなどの形状を有する成形製剤の場合には、単位投与量に分割できるような割線のような脆弱部を備えるようにしてもよい。 The therapeutic agent may be formed so as to be easily divided into individual single doses. That is, when the therapeutic agent is a molded preparation having a shape such as a film or a tablet, the therapeutic agent may be provided with a fragile portion such as a dividing line which can be divided into unit doses.
 本治療剤は、また、速やかに舌下投与等を可能とするために、既に説明したアプリケータ2、22等の舌下投与に適したアプリケーション要素を備えていてもよい。投与の際の、投与者の手指への付着を防ぎ、他の部位でなく、舌下などの標的部位に確実に到達させ配置できるように構成されたシート状、ヘラ状、サック状等の各種のアプリケーション要素を準備することができる。かかるアプリケーション要素の最も舌下投与に適した部位に本治療剤を予め付着しておくこともできる。また、別途アプリケーション要素を本治療剤に備えてキットとしてもよい。 The therapeutic agent may also be equipped with application elements suitable for sublingual administration such as the applicators 2 and 22 described above in order to enable sublingual administration and the like promptly. A variety of sheet-like, spatula-like, sack-like, etc., configured to prevent adhesion to the fingers of the user during administration and ensure that the target site such as the sublingual site can be reached and placed at other sites. Can be prepared for The therapeutic agent may be pre-attached to the site most suitable for sublingual administration of such an application element. Also, a separate application element may be provided as a kit for the present therapeutic agent.
 本治療剤は、有効成分の安定性を考慮して各種形態の包装形態を採用することができる。本治療剤は、水溶性製剤であるため、包装によってもかさばることがない。また、水溶性製剤であるため、その外装形態や内装形態によって、光やガスなど、有効成分の分解を促進する可能性のある要素を容易に排除することができる。 The present therapeutic agent can adopt various forms of packaging forms in consideration of the stability of the active ingredient. Since the present therapeutic agent is a water-soluble preparation, it does not become bulky by packaging. Further, since the preparation is a water-soluble preparation, it is possible to easily remove elements which may accelerate the decomposition of the active ingredient, such as light and gas, depending on the external form and the internal form.
 また、本治療剤は、水溶性製剤であるため、各種の含有量で有効成分を含有する単位投与剤を容易に製造することができる。このため、複数回投与が必要な場合においての投与性や携行性等にも優れている。 In addition, since the present therapeutic agent is a water-soluble preparation, it can easily produce a unit dose containing an active ingredient at various contents. For this reason, it is excellent also in administration property, portability, etc. when multiple administration is required.
 本明細書の開示は、さらに、哺乳動物におけるアレルギー症状を予防又は治療するのに有効な量で、前記哺乳動物に本治療剤を投与する工程、を備える、哺乳動物のアレルギー症状を予防又は治療する方法(以下、本治療方法という。)を提供する。 The present disclosure further comprises the step of administering the therapeutic agent to the mammal in an amount effective to prevent or treat the allergic condition in the mammal, preventing or treating the allergic condition in the mammal. (Hereinafter referred to as the present treatment method).
 本治療方法におけるアレルギー症状、本治療剤、その投与形態及び投与量等については、好ましい態様を含めて本治療剤についての既述の各種態様を適用することができる。 The various symptoms described above for the present therapeutic agent can be applied to the allergic condition, the present therapeutic agent, the dosage form thereof and the dose thereof, etc. in the present treatment method, including the preferred embodiments.
 以下、本明細書の開示を具現化した実施例について説明する。なお、以下の実施例は本明細書の開示を限定するものではない。 Hereinafter, examples embodying the disclosure of the present specification will be described. The following examples do not limit the disclosure of the present specification.
(アドレナリン含有水溶性フィルム製剤の製造)
 以下に示す組成1及び2のアドレナリン含有水溶性フィルム製剤(40mg製剤/単位及び0.4mg製剤/単位)を、以下に示す工程で製造した。
(Production of an adrenaline-containing water-soluble film preparation)
Adrenaline-containing water-soluble film formulations (40 mg formulation / unit and 0.4 mg formulation / unit) of compositions 1 and 2 shown below were produced in the steps shown below.
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000001
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000001
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000002
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000002
(調液工程)
 無水エタノール32質量部に対し、無水クエン酸を1質量部、ショ糖脂肪酸エステル(HLB16.0)を8.5質量部、濃グリセリン(局方)を12質量部加え溶解させる。その後、精製水125質量部加え、乳化させた。更に、甘味料を0.1質量部、結晶セルロースを6質量部、トウモロコシデンプン7質量部加え、溶解及び分散させる。この時、それぞれの原料を加えた後に攪拌し溶液を作製した。
(Mixing process)
To 32 parts by mass of anhydrous ethanol, 1 part by mass of anhydrous citric acid, 8.5 parts by mass of sucrose fatty acid ester (HLB 16.0) and 12 parts by mass of concentrated glycerin (general) are dissolved. Thereafter, 125 parts by mass of purified water was added and emulsified. Furthermore, 0.1 parts by mass of a sweetener, 6 parts by mass of crystalline cellulose, and 7 parts by mass of corn starch are added, dissolved and dispersed. At this time, after adding each raw material, it stirred and produced the solution.
 以下、遮光し作業を行った。アドレナリン原末(DL-アドレナリン塩酸塩)40質量部(0.4mg製剤/単位の場合、0.4質量部)加え、攪拌した。次にプルラン25質量部加えアドレナリン溶液を作製した。 The following work was done with light shielding. 40 parts by mass (0.4 parts by mass in the case of 0.4 mg preparation / unit) of bulk adrenalin powder (DL-adrenergic hydrochloride) was added and stirred. Next, 25 parts by mass of pullulan was added to prepare an adrenaline solution.
(脱泡工程)
 調液工程で調製したアドレナリン溶液をアスピレーターを用いて脱泡した。
(Defoaming process)
The adrenalin solution prepared in the preparation step was degassed using an aspirator.
(コート工程)
 脱泡後のアドレナリン溶液を、PETフィルムにコーティングし、乾燥機(乾燥温度50℃)で乾燥させた。その後、所定の重量毎にフィルムを裁断し、組成1及び組成2の単位製剤を得た。
(Coating process)
The adrenaline solution after degassing was coated on a PET film and dried in a dryer (drying temperature 50 ° C.). Thereafter, the film was cut at a predetermined weight to obtain unit preparations of composition 1 and composition 2.
 以下に示す組成3に準じて、アドレナリン80mg/単位を含む水溶性フィルム製剤を作製した。この水溶性フィルム製剤を、日本白色種ウサギ(雄)(体重約3.4kg)に投与して、その血漿中のアドレナリン濃度及び血圧を測定した。なお、ショ糖脂肪酸エステルは、実施例で用いたのと同様、HLB価が16.0であった。 According to composition 3 shown below, a water-soluble film preparation containing 80 mg / unit of adrenaline was produced. This water-soluble film preparation was administered to a Japanese white rabbit (male) (body weight about 3.4 kg) to measure its plasma adrenaline concentration and blood pressure. The sucrose fatty acid ester had an HLB value of 16.0, as in the examples.
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000003
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000003
 ウサギに麻酔薬(ミタゾラム、ブトルファノール、メデトミジン混合薬)を筋注にて投与し、右耳動脈で血圧を測定し、左耳動脈から採血を行った。 The rabbit was intravenously administered with an anesthetic (mitazolam, butorphanol and medetomidine), the blood pressure was measured in the right ear artery, and blood was collected from the left ear artery.
 麻酔投与から約30分後、血圧が安定したところで、採血を行い(0分)、その後、直ちに、水溶性フィルム製剤(80mg/フィルム)(23.5mg/kg体重)をウサギの舌下に配置し、生理食塩液を滴下した。その後、投与から5分、10分、15分、20分、30分、40分及び60分経過後に、採血を行い、遠心分離によって得られた血漿をHPLCにより分析して、アドレナリン濃度を測定した。なお、対照として、アドレナリンを含有しないことを除いては、同様に調製した水溶性フィルム製剤をプラセボとして、同程度の体重の日本白色ウサギ(雄)に投与し、同様に、血漿アドレナリン濃度及び血圧を測定した。結果を図3に示す。 About 30 minutes after administration of anesthesia, blood pressure is stabilized when blood pressure is stabilized (0 minute), and immediately after, water-soluble film preparation (80 mg / film) (23.5 mg / kg body weight) is placed under the tongue of rabbit And saline was added dropwise. Then, blood was collected after 5 minutes, 10 minutes, 15 minutes, 20 minutes, 30 minutes, 40 minutes and 60 minutes after administration, and plasma obtained by centrifugation was analyzed by HPLC to measure adrenalin concentration. . As a control, a water-soluble film preparation prepared in the same manner as placebo, except that it does not contain adrenaline, is administered to a Japanese white rabbit (male) of the same weight, and similarly, plasma adrenaline concentration and blood pressure Was measured. The results are shown in FIG.
 図3に示すように、血漿アドレナリン濃度は、投与から10分経過後に、約900ng/mlにまで上昇し、その後概ね低下する傾向であった。また、血圧は、一旦低下する傾向を示した後、徐々に上昇した。これに対して、プラセボを投与した対照ウサギでは、血圧は徐々に低下する傾向を示した。血圧及びアドレナリン血漿濃度の推移の傾向は、アドレナリン筋注0.3mg及びアドレナリン舌下錠40mgの傾向であったが、アドレナリン筋注及び舌下錠が、それぞれ投与後30分でアドレナリン血漿濃度が30ng/ml及び同20分で同25ng/mlであることから、本フィルム製剤によれば、すぐれた吸収性を示していることがわかった(「Epinephrine (adrenaline) absorption from new- generation, taste-masked sublingual tablets: A preclinical study」, J.Allegy. Clin. Immumnol. Vol. 131, Number 1, P. 236-238)。 As shown in FIG. 3, the plasma adrenaline concentration tended to rise to about 900 ng / ml 10 minutes after administration, and then to decrease generally. In addition, the blood pressure gradually increased after showing a tendency to decrease once. In contrast, blood pressure tended to decrease gradually in control rabbits that received placebo. The trend of blood pressure and adrenaline plasma concentration tended to be 0.3 mg of adrenergic injection and 40 mg of adrenergic sublingual tablet, however, adrenergic intramuscular and sublingual tablets had 30 ng of adrenergic plasma concentration at 30 minutes after administration. According to the present film preparation, it was found that the film formulation exhibited excellent absorbability, since the concentration was 25 ng / ml at 20 ml / ml and 20 minutes (“Epinephrine (adrenaline) absorption from new-generation, taste-masked sublingual tablets: A preliminary study ", J. Allegy. Clin. Immumnol. Vol. 131, Number 1, P. 236-238).
 以上の結果から、アドレナリン含有水溶性フィルムを口腔粘膜(舌下)経由などの経粘膜投与を行うことで、血漿アドレナリン濃度を増大させ血圧を向上させうることがわかった。また、乳化剤としてHLB価が16.0以上のショ糖脂肪酸エステルを用いているために、アドレナリンの吸収性が高まっているものと考えられた。 From the above results, it was found that plasma transrenaline concentration can be increased and blood pressure can be improved by transmucosal administration of an adrenaline-containing water-soluble film via oral mucosa (sublingual) or the like. Moreover, it was thought that the absorbability of adrenalin is rising, since sucrose fatty acid ester with a HLB value of 16.0 or more is used as an emulsifier.

Claims (8)

  1.  アレルギー症状の予防又は治療のための製剤であって、
     水溶性基剤と、
     前記水溶性基剤に溶解又は分散して含まれる前記アレルギー症状の予防又は治療に有用な有効成分と、
    を備える、経粘膜投与剤である製剤。
    A preparation for the prevention or treatment of allergic symptoms,
    A water soluble base,
    An active ingredient useful for the prevention or treatment of the allergic condition, which is contained by being dissolved or dispersed in the water-soluble base;
    A preparation that is a transmucosal administration agent, comprising:
  2.  前記水溶性基材は、HLB価が14.0以上の乳化剤を含む、請求項1に記載の製剤。 The formulation according to claim 1, wherein the water-soluble base material comprises an emulsifier having an HLB value of 14.0 or more.
  3.  前記製剤は、タブレット状又はフィルム状である、請求項1又は2に記載の製剤。 The formulation according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the formulation is in the form of a tablet or a film.
  4.  体腔粘膜投与剤である、請求項1~3のいずれかに記載の製剤。 The preparation according to any one of claims 1 to 3, which is an agent for intraluminal administration.
  5.  口腔粘膜投与剤である、請求項1~4のいずれかに記載の製剤。 The preparation according to any one of claims 1 to 4, which is an oral mucosal administration agent.
  6.  舌下投与用である、請求項1~5のいずれかに記載の製剤。 The preparation according to any one of claims 1 to 5, which is for sublingual administration.
  7.  前記有効成分は、抗ヒスタミン薬、気管支拡張薬、昇圧薬、グルカゴン、及び副腎皮質ステロイドからなる群から選択される1又は2以上である、請求項1~6のいずれかに記載の製剤。 The preparation according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the active ingredient is one or more selected from the group consisting of antihistamines, bronchodilators, vasopressors, glucagon, and corticosteroids.
  8.  アレルギー症状の予防又は治療のための製剤であって、
     水溶性基剤と、
     前記水溶性基剤に溶解又は分散して含まれるアドレナリンと、
    を備え、
     前記水溶性基材は、HLB価が14.0以上の乳化剤を含み、
     前記アレルギー症状は、アナフィラキシー又はアナフィラキシーショックであり、
     舌下投与剤である、製剤。
    A preparation for the prevention or treatment of allergic symptoms,
    A water soluble base,
    Adrenaline contained in a solution or dispersion in the water-soluble base,
    Equipped with
    The water-soluble substrate comprises an emulsifier having an HLB value of 14.0 or more,
    The allergic symptoms are anaphylaxis or anaphylactic shock,
    A formulation which is a sublingual administration.
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JP2006518761A (en) * 2003-02-24 2006-08-17 ファーマシューティカル プロダクションズ, インコーポレイテッド Transmucosal drug delivery system
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JACHID, 0. ET AL.: "Epinephrine (adrenaline) absorption from new-generation, taste-masked sublingual tablets:a preclinical study", J. ALLERGY CLIN. IMMUNOL., vol. 131, no. 1, January 2013 (2013-01-01), pages 236 - 8, ISSN: 0091-6749 *
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