WO2019019416A1 - 一种含有植物组织提取物的药肥及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种含有植物组织提取物的药肥及其制备方法 Download PDF

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WO2019019416A1
WO2019019416A1 PCT/CN2017/105780 CN2017105780W WO2019019416A1 WO 2019019416 A1 WO2019019416 A1 WO 2019019416A1 CN 2017105780 W CN2017105780 W CN 2017105780W WO 2019019416 A1 WO2019019416 A1 WO 2019019416A1
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fertilizer
plant tissue
tissue extract
parts
mass fraction
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PCT/CN2017/105780
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French (fr)
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温妙云
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温妙云
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
    • C05B1/00—Superphosphates, i.e. fertilisers produced by reacting rock or bone phosphates with sulfuric or phosphoric acid in such amounts and concentrations as to yield solid products directly
    • C05B1/04—Double-superphosphate; Triple-superphosphate; Other fertilisers based essentially on monocalcium phosphate
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
    • A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
    • A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
    • A01N65/32—Ranunculaceae [Buttercup family], e.g. hepatica, hydrastis or goldenseal
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
    • A01N65/40—Liliopsida [monocotyledons]
    • A01N65/42—Aloeaceae [Aloe family] or Liliaceae [Lily family], e.g. aloe, veratrum, onion, garlic or chives
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
    • A01N65/40—Liliopsida [monocotyledons]
    • A01N65/48—Zingiberaceae [Ginger family], e.g. ginger or galangal
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a medicine fertilizer, in particular to a medicine fertilizer containing plant tissue extract and a preparation method thereof.
  • Potato black shank also known as Rhizoctonia solani, stem-based rot, Rhizoctonia ulcer, black rough skin disease
  • Rhizoctonia solani a soil-borne disease, infecting potatoes by Rhizoctonia solani Caused by wintering in the tubers and soil, it can survive for 2 to 3 years in the soil. In the spring of the next year, under the appropriate temperature and humidity conditions, the invading potato plants endangers its growth and development. The disease has been There have been different degrees of occurrence in the area.
  • Rhizoctonia solani causes potato sheath blight, infecting rice to cause rice sheath blight, infesting peanuts to cause peanut white rot, and infesting corn to cause corn sheath blight.
  • the application of the fertilizer and the above-mentioned fungicide are separate, and the use of the above-mentioned fungicides and fertilizers twice or more increases the labor intensity and labor times of the farmers, which is disadvantageous to agricultural development.
  • the application of the drug granules at one time can complete the two processes of fertilization and control of blight at the same time, avoiding the situation that the previous application and fertilization cannot be taken into consideration, saving time and labor, and improving production efficiency.
  • Rapeseed also known as oil cabbage, bitter herbs, Latin name Brassica campestris L. Cruciferae, Brassica, tender stems and leaves of rapeseed, native to China, its stem color dark green, help for cabbage, is a cross flower Cabbage change Species, the flowers are yellow; agronomically, the various species of oil in the plants are collectively referred to as rapeseed.
  • the main types of cultivation (variety) of rapeseed are: Brassica rapa (campestris L.), Brassica juncea (Brassica juncea) L.), Brassica napus L.; Brassinolide in Brassica napus L.
  • Turmeric Latin name Curcuma longa L., also known as: turmeric, Bao Dingxiang, milli-life, turmeric, etc.; Zingiberaceae, turmeric is a perennial herb, plant height 1 ⁇ 1.5m, the roots are very developed, the roots are thick, The end is swollen into a lump, the leaves are oblong or elliptical, the tip of the leaf is short and abrupt, the sepals are ovate or oblong, pale green, apical, corolla yellow, flowering in August; After pain relief, attending chest and abdomen pain, shoulder and arm pain, heart pain, postpartum blood pain, early onset of sores, irregular menstruation, amenorrhea, bruises.
  • Aconite abbreviated as Aconitum apetalum, herbaceous plant of the genus Aconitum, with thick stems, up to 2 m, up to 1.5 cm thick, basal leaves rounded in kidney shape; racemes, most densely flowering, ⁇ The line is linear, the bracts are white or pale yellow, the upper bracts are high-helmet-shaped, the petals are shorter than the bracts, the filaments are entire, the carpels are 3, the ovary is short-haired; the altitude is between 1700 and 1900 meters, under the mountain spruce forest or the valley grass slope , distributed in Xinjiang, China, Gongliu and Ukraine.
  • Garlic a Latin name called Allium sativum, belongs to the genus Allium, and is bulbous.
  • the garlic bulb is spheroidal or short conical. It has grayish white or light brown membranous scales on the outside. Stripped scales are included.
  • Garlic cloves which are born around the stems, have a disc-shaped base, and have many fibrous roots. Each garlic clove is covered with a film, and the film is peeled off. It is white, thick and juicy, with strong garlic and spicy taste.
  • Compound and mixed fertilizers are two kinds of fertilizers (three elements (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium)), two kinds of compound fertilizers, and three-component complex fertilizers containing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. It is widely promoted throughout the country. Total nitrogen in complex and mixed fertilizers is calculated by N, total phosphorus is calculated by P 2 O 5 , and total potassium is calculated by K 2 O.
  • the invention provides a medicine fertilizer which is scientifically combined with a carrier fungicide and a carrier fertilizer.
  • the agricultural application can simultaneously complete two processes of sterilization and fertilization in one application, and overcomes the user twice under the prior art conditions. Or the use of fungicides and fertilizers multiple times, saving time and labor and increasing production efficiency.
  • a fertilizer containing plant tissue extract the plant fertilizer containing plant tissue extract A and fertilizer B; wherein the plant tissue extract A is extracted from rapeseed, turmeric root, empty stem aconite whole grass, garlic bulb a mixture; wherein the fertilizer B is selected from the group consisting of three-way complex and mixed fertilizer containing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, the total nitrogen (N) is 15% by mass of the fertilizer, and the total phosphorus (P 2 O 5 ) is the percentage by mass of the fertilizer.
  • total potassium (K 2 O) accounts for 15% of the fertilizer mass fraction; plant tissue extract A and fertilizer B have a synergistic effect on potato black rot disease; among them, preferred plant tissue extract A and fertilizer B
  • the mass fraction ratio is 1:200 to 500, and more preferably the ratio of the mass fraction of the plant tissue extract A to the fertilizer B is 1:400.
  • the plant tissue extract A wherein the ratio of the mass fraction of the rape inflorescence, the turmeric root, the aconite whole grass, and the garlic bulb is 1:2:2:15.
  • the extraction method of the plant tissue extract A is as follows: 10 parts of cauliflower, 20 parts of turmeric roots, 20 parts of black stalks, and 120 parts of garlic bulbs, which are respectively mashed and mixed together by a tissue masher. 10 parts of EO-PO block polymer, 10 parts of epoxy rapeseed oil, 10 parts of methyl oleate, 270 parts of deionized water, and stirred for 30 minutes in a blender, the mixed liquid was centrifuged at 5,000 rpm. After 20 minutes, the supernatant was taken to prepare the plant tissue extract A.
  • the fertilizer B is characterized in that: total nitrogen (N) accounts for 15% of the mass of the fertilizer, and total phosphorus (P 2 O 5 ) accounts for 15% of the mass of the fertilizer, and the total potassium (K 2 O) ) The percentage of fertilizer content is 15%.
  • the medicine fertilizer containing the plant tissue extract is prepared as follows: several parts of the plant tissue extract A, several parts of the fertilizer B, A are sprayed onto the B by a spray device, uniformly distributed in the B, and dried by the drying equipment. Preparing the plant fertilizer containing the plant tissue extract after drying; the drying means that the mass fraction of water in the fertilizer accounts for less than 0.5% of the total mass fraction of the fertilizer; the drying equipment is baked The dry temperature is 40 ⁇ 1 degree Celsius.
  • the mixed use of the plant tissue extract A and the fertilizer B has a synergistic effect on the control of potato black shank.
  • the invention comprises plant tissue extracts A and B, wherein A is extracted from a rape inflorescence, turmeric root, aconite whole grass, garlic bulb mixture, wherein the main raw materials of A are derived from plants, plant tissue extract A is opposite to the dead silk
  • A is extracted from a rape inflorescence, turmeric root, aconite whole grass, garlic bulb mixture, wherein the main raw materials of A are derived from plants, plant tissue extract A is opposite to the dead silk
  • the mycelial growth of nuclear bacteria has an inhibitory effect and can be used to control potato black shank disease.
  • the effective, scientific and rational use of resources of the invention has important significance for protecting the environment, and plays a positive role in reducing agricultural input and increasing production and income of agriculture.
  • Example 1 Method for extracting plant tissue extract A.
  • the ratio of the mass fraction of rapeseed, turmeric root, stalked aconite and garlic bulb is 1:2:2:15.
  • Fertilizer B is a compound of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, which is prepared by conventional techniques. Among them, total nitrogen (N) accounts for 15% of the mass of fertilizer, and total phosphorus (P 2 O 5 ) accounts for the mass of fertilizer. The percentage is 15%, the total potassium (K 2 O) is 15% of the fertilizer content; the preparation method of fertilizer B is as follows: 100 parts of potassium nitrate, 70 parts of urea, 102 parts of heavy superphosphate, 28 parts of talc The mixture is uniformly mixed, granulated by a drum, and sieved to retain particles having a diameter of 1.8 to 2.0 mm, that is, the fertilizer B is obtained.
  • Embodiment 3 A method for preparing the above-mentioned medicine fertilizer containing plant tissue extract.
  • the medicine fertilizer containing the plant tissue extract is prepared as follows: a plurality of the first embodiment, the plant tissue extract A, and a plurality of the second embodiment, the fertilizer B, A are sprayed onto the B through a spraying device, and uniformly distributed in the B, After drying by the drying device, the plant fertilizer containing the plant tissue extract is prepared; the drying means that the mass fraction of water in the drug fertilizer accounts for less than 0.5% of the total mass fraction of the drug fertilizer; The drying temperature of the drying device is 40 ⁇ 1 degrees Celsius.
  • Table 1 The mixture of A and B prepared by the method described in the third embodiment was prepared to obtain the plant fertilizer containing the plant tissue extract.
  • Fertilizer number Ratio of A to B A number of copies B number of copies Medicine fertilizer No. 1 1:100 2 200 Medicine fertilizer 2 1:200 1 200
  • Medicine fertilizer No. 3 1:300 1 300 Medicine fertilizer 4 1:400 1 400 Medicine fertilizer No. 5 1:500 1 500 Medicine fertilizer 6 1:700 1 700
  • Example 4 Determination of the activity of the plant tissue extract A against Rhizoctonia solani according to Example 1.
  • Table 2 Results of indoor activity assay of Rhizoctonia solani of plant tissue extract according to Example 1 (Inhibition of pathogenic fungal mycelial growth test - plate method, refer to NY/T 1156.2-2006, 3 days after inoculation) ).
  • Treatment concentration (mg/kg)
  • Mycelial growth inhibition rate (%) 1 5 15.5 2 10 30.6 3 20 43.4 4 40 67.6 5 80 86.4 6 160 100.0
  • Example 5 The plant tissue extract A of the first embodiment and the fertilizer B of the second embodiment are used alone and mixed in a certain ratio (the pharmaceutical fertilizer No. 1, the drug fertilizer No. 2, the drug fertilizer No. 3 described in the third embodiment) , medicine fertilizer No. 4, medicine fertilizer No. 5, medicine fertilizer No. 6) control effect on potato black shank disease (spraying or spreading when ridged, investigating potato susceptibility during harvest, Table 3, Table 4, Table 5 examples).
  • Potato potato block black shank grading standard (refer to Ma Yongqiang, Li Jiping published in the "Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences” at the end of 2013, Volume 41, the first issue of the article: two different drugs applied to the comparison of potato black scorpion control effect Disease classification method):
  • Level 1 The area of the diseased part accounts for less than 5% of the entire potato block area (including 5%);
  • Level 2 The area of the diseased area accounts for 6%-10% of the total potato area (including 10%);
  • Level 3 The area of the diseased area accounts for 11%-25% (including 25%) of the total potato area;
  • Level 4 The area of the diseased area accounts for 26%-50% (including 50%) of the total potato area;
  • Level 5 The area of the diseased area accounts for 51%-75% (including 75%) of the total potato area;
  • Level 6 The area of the diseased area accounts for 76%-100% (including 100%) of the total potato area;
  • A the efficacy of a certain (dose) concentration of active ingredient A observed
  • the observed value (E) is the actual observed efficacy
  • the observed value (E) is the actual observed effect on the control of potato black shank
  • the expected value (E 0 ) is the desired control effect of potato black shank after mixing A and B at a certain concentration or dose.
  • Table 3 The control effect of the different application rates of the plant tissue extract A on the potato black shank in the first embodiment (evenly ridge ridges during ridges, and investigation at the time of harvest). 30 kg of water per acre.
  • Control effect (%) 1 20 15.5 2 40 20.3 3 60 30.1 4 80 35.5 5 100 40.2 6 150 51.4 7 200 66.5
  • Control effect (%) 1 10 0.0 2 20 0.0 3 30 0.0 4 40 0.0 5 50 0.0 6 70 0.0 7 100 0.0
  • Table 5 The control effect of the combination of the plant tissue extract A and the fertilizer B described in the first embodiment on the potato black shank (the fertilizer B in the second embodiment and the medicinal fertilizer in the third embodiment are evenly ridged) Sprinkle on the ridge, evenly ridged when ridged in the first embodiment, all of which are investigated during harvesting)
  • Example 6 The field efficacy test of the drug fertilizer No. 4 described in the third embodiment for controlling rice sheath blight, corn sheath blight, and peanut chalk disease.
  • Table 6 The control effect of the drug fertilizer No. 4 on the control of rice sheath blight, corn sheath blight and peanut chalk disease in the third embodiment (administering dose of 50 kg per mu, before or before transplanting, 50 days after the drug) survey).

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Abstract

一种含有植物组织提取物的药肥，该药肥含有植物组织提取物A和肥料B；其中植物组织提取物A提取自油菜花序、姜黄块根、空茎乌头全草、大蒜鳞茎混合物；其中肥料B选自含氮、磷、钾的三元复、混肥料，全氮(N)占肥料质量份数百分比为15％，全磷(P 2O 5)占肥料质量份数百分比为15％，全钾(K 2O)占肥料质量份数百分比为15％；植物组织提取物A和肥料B混用对防治马铃薯黑痣病具有协同作用。该药肥有效、科学、合理地利用资源，对保护环境有着重要的意义，对减少农业投入及农业的增产增收起到积极的推动作用。

Description

一种含有植物组织提取物的药肥及其制备方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种药肥，具体地说是一种含有植物组织提取物的药肥及其制备方法。
背景技术
马铃薯黑痣病，又称立枯丝核菌病、茎基腐病、丝核菌溃疡病、黑色粗皮病,是一种土传性病害，由立枯丝核菌(Rhizoctonia solani)侵染马铃薯引起，通过寄生在块茎和土壤中越冬,在土壤中它可以存活2～3年，翌年春季，在适宜的温度、湿度环境条件下，侵入马铃薯植株体内危害其生长发育，该病已经在我国各地区出现了不同程度的发生。
立枯丝核菌(Rhizoctonia solani)除侵染马铃薯引起马铃薯黑痣病外，侵染水稻引起水稻纹枯病，侵染花生引起花生白绢病，侵染玉米引起玉米纹枯病。
农药在农业生产中发挥着十分重要的作用。中国是一个农业大国。其中农药残留超标是经常遇到问题，严重影响了我国农产品在国际市场的竞争力。
传统农药多数为化学制剂，如何需用植物源作为农药成分，来降低污染是需要解决的技术问题。因此，需要出现一种配比简单，使用方便，以植物源材料为主料制备污染程度小的一种植物源农药。
在传统的农业生产技术中，施用肥料和上述杀菌剂是分开的，要两次或多次使用上述杀菌剂和肥料的做法，增加了农民的劳动强度和劳动次数，不利农业发展。将药肥颗粒剂一次施用能同时完成施肥和防治枯萎病两道工序，避免了以往施药和施肥不能兼顾的情况，节省时间和人工，提高了生产效率。
目前，含提取自油菜花序、姜黄块根、空茎乌头全草、大蒜鳞茎混合物；与肥料混合的药肥尚未有报道。
油菜，又叫油白菜，苦菜，拉丁文名为Brassica campestris L.十字花科、芸薹属植物，油菜的嫩茎叶，原产我国，其茎颜色深绿，帮如白菜，属十字花科白菜变 种，花朵为黄色；农艺学上将植物中种子含油的多个物种统称油菜，目前油菜主要栽培(品种)类型为：白菜型油菜(Brassica rapa(campestris)L.)，芥菜型油菜(Brassica juncea L.)，甘蓝型油菜(Brassica napus L.)；油菜花序中含有芸苔素内酯。
姜黄，拉丁学名为Curcuma longa L.，又名：郁金、宝鼎香、毫命、黄姜等；姜科、姜黄属多年生草本植物，株高1～1.5m，根茎很发达，根粗壮，末端膨大呈块根，叶片长圆形或椭圆形，叶顶端短渐尖，苞片卵形或长圆形，淡绿色，顶端钝，花冠淡黄色，花期8月；姜黄能行气破瘀，通经止痛，主治胸腹胀痛，肩臂痹痛，心痛难忍，产后血痛，疮癣初发，***，闭经，跌打损伤。
空茎乌头，拉丁学名为Aconitum apetalum，毛茛科乌头属草本植物，茎粗壮，高达2米，粗达1.5厘米，基生叶片圆肾形；总状花序，具多数密集的花，苞片线形，萼片白色或淡黄色，上萼片高盔形，花瓣比萼片短，花丝全缘，心皮3，子房被短毛；生海拔1700～1900米间山地云杉林下或山谷草坡，分布于中国新疆巩留和哈萨克斯坦。
大蒜，拉丁学名为Allium sativum，属百合科葱属，以鳞茎入药；大蒜鳞茎呈扁球形或短圆锥形，外面有灰白色或淡棕色膜质鳞皮，剥去鳞叶，内有6～10个蒜瓣，轮生于花茎的周围，茎基部盘状，生有多数须根，每一蒜瓣外包薄膜，剥去薄膜，即见白色、肥厚多汁的鳞片，有浓烈的蒜辣气，味辛辣。
复、混肥料即肥料中含有两种肥料(三要素(氮、磷、钾))的二元复、混肥料和含有氮、磷、钾三种元素的三元复、混肥料，其中混肥在全国各地推广很快，复、混肥料中的全氮以N计算，全磷以P2O5计算，全钾以K2O计算。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种植物杀菌剂与载体肥料科学结合而开发的一种药肥，在农业生产中一次施用能同时完成杀菌和施肥两道工序，克服了现有技术条件下使用者要两次或多次使用杀菌剂和肥料的做法，节省时间和人工，提高了生产效率。
技术方案：一种含有植物组织提取物的药肥，该药肥含有植物组织提取物A和肥料B；其中植物组织提取物A提取自油菜花序、姜黄块根、空茎乌头全草、大 蒜鳞茎混合物；其中肥料B选自含氮、磷、钾的三元复、混肥料，全氮(N)占肥料质量份数百分比为15％，全磷(P2O5)占肥料质量份数百分比为15％，全钾(K2O)占肥料质量份数百分比为15％；植物组织提取物A和肥料B对防治马铃薯黑痣病具有协同作用；其中优选的植物组织提取物A和肥料B的质量份数比例为1:200～500，更优选植物组织提取物A和肥料B的质量份数比例为1:400。
所述的的植物组织提取物A，其中油菜花序、姜黄块根、空茎乌头全草、大蒜鳞茎的质量份数比例为1:2:2:15。
所述的植物组织提取物A的提取方法如下：菜花序10份，姜黄块根20份，空茎乌头全草20份，大蒜鳞茎150份，分别用组织捣碎机捣碎后混合在一起，加入EO-PO嵌段聚合物10份、环氧菜籽油10份、油酸甲酯10份、去离子水270份，搅拌机搅拌30分钟后，混合液体置于每分钟5000转的离心机离心20分钟后，取其上清液，即制得所述植物组织提取物A。
所述的的肥料B，其特征在于：全氮(N)占肥料质量份数百分比为15％，全磷(P2O5)占肥料质量份数百分比为15％，全钾(K2O)占肥料质份数百分比为15％。
含有植物组织提取物的药肥，其制备方法如下：取若干份植物组织提取物A、若干份肥料B，A通过喷雾设备喷洒到B上，使其均匀分布于B中，经烘干设备烘干后制得所述含有植物组织提取物的药肥；所述烘干指药肥中水的质量份数占所述药肥总质量份数的比例低于0.5％；所述烘干设备烘干温度为40±1摄氏度。
本发明具有如下有益效果：
所述的植物组织提取物A和肥料B混用对防治马铃薯黑痣病具有协同作用。
本发明含有植物组织提取物A和B，其中A提取自油菜花序、姜黄块根、空茎乌头全草、大蒜鳞茎混合物，其中A的主要原料均源于植物，植物组织提取物A对立枯丝核菌的菌丝生长具有抑制作用，能用于防治马铃薯黑痣病。本发明有效、科学、合理地利用资源，对保护环境有着重要的意义，对减少农业投入及农业的增产增收起到积极的推动作用。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加简洁明了，本发明用以下具体实施例进行说明，但本发明绝非仅限于这些例子。以下所述仅为本发明较好的实施 例，仅仅用于描述本发明，不能理解为对本发明的范围的限制。应当指出的是，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所做的任何修改、等同替换和改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
实施例中所述的含量比例均为质量份。
实施例一：植物组织提取物A的提取方法。
菜花序10份，姜黄块根20份，空茎乌头全草20份，大蒜鳞茎150份，分别用组织捣碎机捣碎后混合在一起，加入EO-PO嵌段聚合物10份、环氧菜籽油10份、油酸甲酯10份、去离子水270份，搅拌机搅拌30分钟后，混合液体置于每分钟5000转的离心机离心20分钟后，取其上清液，即制得所述植物组织提取物A。；其中油菜花序、姜黄块根、空茎乌头全草、大蒜鳞茎的质量份数比例为1:2:2:15。
实施例二：肥料B。
肥料B为氮、磷、钾三元复、混肥料，采用常规技术手段制得；其中全氮(N)占肥料质量份数百分比为15％，全磷(P2O5)占肥料质量份数百分比为15％，全钾(K2O)占肥料质份数百分比为15％；肥料B的制备方法如下：硝酸钾100份，尿素70份，重过磷酸钙102份，滑石粉28份，混合均匀，滚筒造粒，筛分保留直径在1.8-2.0毫米的颗粒，即制得所述肥料B。
实施例三：所述的含有植物组织提取物的药肥的制备方法。
含有植物组织提取物的药肥，其制备方法如下：若干份实施例一植物组织提取物A、若干份实施例二肥料B，A通过喷雾设备喷洒到B上，使其均匀分布于B中，经烘干设备烘干后制得所述含有植物组织提取物的药肥；所述烘干指药肥中水的质量份数占所述药肥总质量份数的比例低于0.5％；所述烘干设备烘干温度为40±1摄氏度。
表1 实施例三所述方法制得的A与B不同混合比例制得所述的含有植物组织提取物的药肥。
药肥编号 A与B的比例 A的份数 B的份数
药肥1号 1:100 2 200
药肥2号 1:200 1 200
药肥3号 1:300 1 300
药肥4号 1:400 1 400
药肥5号 1:500 1 500
药肥6号 1:700 1 700
实施例四：实施例一所述植物组织提取物A对立枯丝核菌的活性测定。
Figure PCTCN2017105780-appb-000001
表2 实施例一所述植物组织提取物对立枯丝核菌(Rhizoctonia solani)的室内活性测定结果(抑制病原真菌菌丝生长试验-平皿法，参照NY/T 1156.2-2006，接种后3天调查)。
序号(处理) 处理浓度(毫克/千克) 菌丝生长抑制率(％)
1 5 15.5
2 10 30.6
3 20 43.4
4 40 67.6
5 80 86.4
6 160 100.0
实施例五：实施例一所述植物组织提取物A和实施例二所述肥料B单用以及以一定比例混合后(实施例三记载的药肥1号、药肥2号、药肥3号、药肥4号、药肥5号、药肥6号)对马铃薯黑痣病的防治效果(起垄时喷垄或撒施，收获时调查薯块感病情况，表3、表4、表5举例说明)。
马铃薯薯块黑痣病分级标准(参照马永强、李继平等发表于《江苏农业科学》2013年底41卷第一期的文章：2种药剂不同施药方式对马铃薯黑痣病防效比较中记载的病害分级方法)：
0级--薯块上无病斑；
1级--病部面积占整个薯块面积的5％以下(含5％)；
2级--病部面积占整个薯块面积的6％-10％(含10％)；
3级--病部面积占整个薯块面积的11％-25％(含25％)；
4级--病部面积占整个薯块面积的26％-50％(含50％)；
5级--病部面积占整个薯块面积的51％-75％(含75％)；
6级--病部面积占整个薯块面积的76％-100％(含100％)；
病情指数＝∑[(各级病薯数×相对级数值)÷(调查总薯数×6)]×100
Figure PCTCN2017105780-appb-000002
Colby等式用于确定混合物的期望的效果(Colby,S.R.Weeds15(1967),20-22.)：
下述等式用于计算含有两种成分A和B的混合物的期望值：
Figure PCTCN2017105780-appb-000003
式中：
A＝所观测到的一定(剂量)浓度的活性成分A的功效；
B＝所观测到的一定(剂量)浓度的活性成分B的功效；
观测值(E)为实际观测到功效；
当混合物所用浓度(剂量)活性实际观测值(E)大于期望值(E0)时，混合物表现为对靶标具有意料不到的协同作用；
就本发明而言，观测值(E)为实际观测到对马铃薯黑痣病的防治效果，期望值(E0)为A和B以一定浓度或剂量混合后的对马铃薯黑痣病的期望防治效果。
表3 实施例一所述植物组织提取物A不同施用率对马铃薯黑痣病的防治效果(起垄时均匀喷垄，收获时调查)。每亩兑水30千克喷雾。
处理编号 使用剂量(克/亩) 防治效果(％)
1 20 15.5
2 40 20.3
3 60 30.1
4 80 35.5
5 100 40.2
6 150 51.4
7 200 66.5
表4 实施例二所述肥料B不同施用率对马铃薯黑痣病的防治效果(起垄时均匀撒施到垄上，收获时调查)
处理编号 使用剂量(千克/亩) 防治效果(％)
1 10 0.0
2 20 0.0
3 30 0.0
4 40 0.0
5 50 0.0
6 70 0.0
7 100 0.0
表5 实施例一所述植物组织提取物A和实施例二所述的肥料B混用对马铃薯黑痣病的防治效果(实施例二所述肥料B和实施例三所述药肥起垄时均匀撒施到垄上，实施例一所述A起垄时均匀喷垄，均为收获时调查)
Figure PCTCN2017105780-appb-000004
表5记载的数据结果表明，实施例一所述植物组织提取物A与实施例二所述的肥料B质量份数比例在1:100-1:700范围内对马铃薯黑痣病的防治效果具有协同作用，E-E0大于10％；其中A与B质量份数比例在1:200-1:500范围内对马 铃薯黑痣病的防治效果协同作用较好，E-E0大于20％；A与B质量份数比例在1:400时对马铃薯黑痣病的防治效果协同作用最好，E-E0大于40％。
实施例六：实施例三所述的药肥4号防治水稻纹枯病、玉米纹枯病、花生白绢病的田间药效试验。
表6 实施例三所述药肥4号防治水稻纹枯病、玉米纹枯病、花生白绢病的防治效果(施用剂量50千克每亩，播前或移栽前撒施，药后50天调查)。
Figure PCTCN2017105780-appb-000005

Claims (4)

  1. 一种含有植物组织提取物的药肥，其特征在于：含有植物组织提取物A和肥料B；其中植物组织提取物A提取自油菜花序、姜黄块根、空茎乌头全草、大蒜鳞茎混合物；其中肥料B选自含氮、磷、钾的三元复、混肥料；
    所述植物组织提取物A和肥料B的质量份数比例为1:200～500；
    所述油菜花序、姜黄块根、空茎乌头全草、大蒜鳞茎的质量份数比例为1:2:2:15；所述肥料B，全氮(N)占肥料质量份数百分比为15％，全磷(P2O5)占肥料质量份数百分比为15％，全钾(K2O)占肥料质份数百分比为15％。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的含有植物组织提取物的药肥，其特征在于：植物组织提取物A和肥料B的质量份数比例为1:400。
  3. 一种含有植物组织提取物的药肥的制备方法，其特征在于：
    (1)植物组织提取物A提取：质量份油菜花序10份，姜黄块根20份，空茎乌头全草20份，大蒜鳞茎150份，分别用组织捣碎机捣碎后混合在一起，加入EO-PO嵌段聚合物10份、环氧菜籽油10份、油酸甲酯10份、去离子水270份，搅拌机搅拌30分钟后，混合液体置于每分钟5000转的离心机离心20分钟后，取其上清液，即制得所述植物组织提取物A；
    (2)取10份植物组织提取物A、4000份肥料B，A通过喷雾设备喷洒到B上，使其均匀分布于B中，经烘干设备烘干后制得所述含有植物组织提取物的药肥；所述烘干指药肥中水的质量份数占所述药肥总质量份数的比例低于0.5％；所述烘干设备烘干温度为40±1摄氏度。
  4. 权利要求1所述的含有植物组织提取物的药肥在防治马铃薯黑痣病、水稻纹枯病、玉米纹枯病、花生白绢病上的应用。
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