WO2018230597A1 - Composition pour électrode positive - Google Patents

Composition pour électrode positive Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018230597A1
WO2018230597A1 PCT/JP2018/022554 JP2018022554W WO2018230597A1 WO 2018230597 A1 WO2018230597 A1 WO 2018230597A1 JP 2018022554 W JP2018022554 W JP 2018022554W WO 2018230597 A1 WO2018230597 A1 WO 2018230597A1
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Prior art keywords
positive electrode
graft copolymer
mass
acrylonitrile
meth
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PCT/JP2018/022554
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
拓也 成冨
渡辺　淳
鈴木　茂
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デンカ株式会社
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Application filed by デンカ株式会社 filed Critical デンカ株式会社
Priority to JP2019525480A priority Critical patent/JP6909288B2/ja
Priority to CN201880038628.7A priority patent/CN110754011A/zh
Priority to US16/621,567 priority patent/US11824197B2/en
Priority to KR1020207000667A priority patent/KR102593568B1/ko
Publication of WO2018230597A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018230597A1/fr

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
    • H01M4/131—Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
    • H01M4/621—Binders
    • H01M4/622—Binders being polymers
    • H01M4/623—Binders being polymers fluorinated polymers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F261/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers of oxygen-containing monomers as defined in group C08F16/00
    • C08F261/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers of oxygen-containing monomers as defined in group C08F16/00 on to polymers of unsaturated alcohols
    • C08F261/04—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers of oxygen-containing monomers as defined in group C08F16/00 on to polymers of unsaturated alcohols on to polymers of vinyl alcohol
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F263/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers of esters of unsaturated alcohols with saturated acids as defined in group C08F18/00
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L27/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • C08L27/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
    • C08L27/12—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment containing fluorine atoms
    • C08L27/16—Homopolymers or copolymers or vinylidene fluoride
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L51/00—Compositions of graft polymers in which the grafted component is obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • C08L51/003—Compositions of graft polymers in which the grafted component is obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers grafted on to macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D127/00—Coating compositions based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
    • C09D127/02—Coating compositions based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
    • C09D127/12—Coating compositions based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment containing fluorine atoms
    • C09D127/16—Homopolymers or copolymers of vinylidene fluoride
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D151/00—Coating compositions based on graft polymers in which the grafted component is obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
    • C09D151/003—Coating compositions based on graft polymers in which the grafted component is obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers grafted on to macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
    • H01M4/0402—Methods of deposition of the material
    • H01M4/0404—Methods of deposition of the material by coating on electrode collectors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
    • H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
    • H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
    • H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
    • H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
    • H01M4/621—Binders
    • H01M4/622—Binders being polymers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
    • H01M4/624—Electric conductive fillers
    • H01M4/625—Carbon or graphite
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
    • H01M2004/028—Positive electrodes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a positive electrode composition, for example, a positive electrode binder composition.
  • secondary batteries have been used as power sources for electronic devices such as notebook computers and mobile phones, and hybrid vehicles and electric vehicles using secondary batteries as power sources are being developed for the purpose of reducing environmental impact. Secondary batteries having high energy density, high voltage, and high durability are required for these power sources. Lithium ion secondary batteries are attracting attention as secondary batteries that can achieve high voltage and high energy density.
  • a lithium ion secondary battery is composed of a positive electrode, a negative electrode, an electrolyte, and a separator, and the positive electrode is composed of a positive electrode active material, a conductive aid, a metal foil, and a binder (see Patent Documents 1 to 3).
  • Patent Document 4 As a positive electrode binder for lithium ion secondary batteries, a binder (graft copolymer) mainly composed of polyvinyl alcohol and polyacrylonitrile having high binding properties and oxidation resistance is described (see Patent Document 4).
  • Patent Documents 1 to 4 do not describe the use of polyvinylidene fluoride (hereinafter also referred to as PVDF) as the positive electrode binder composition.
  • An electroconductive composition for an electrode containing carbon nanofibers having a volume median diameter D50 value of 0.1 to 8 ⁇ m, an active material, and a binder is described (see Patent Document 5).
  • Patent Document 5 does not describe the graft copolymer.
  • an object of the present invention is to provide a positive electrode composition having high binding properties and high flexibility.
  • the present inventors have achieved a positive electrode composition having high binding properties and high flexibility.
  • a composition for a positive electrode comprising a graft copolymer resin and a polyvinylidene fluoride resin, wherein the graft copolymer resin is a monomer mainly composed of (meth) acrylonitrile in polyvinyl alcohol.
  • a composition for a positive electrode comprising a graft copolymer obtained by graft copolymerization.
  • the graft copolymer resin optionally further includes at least one of a (meth) acrylonitrile-based non-graft polymer and a polyvinyl alcohol homopolymer, and the graft ratio of the graft copolymer is 150 to 900%.
  • the (meth) acrylonitrile-based non-grafted polymer has a weight average molecular weight of 30,000 to 300,000, the average degree of polymerization of the polyvinyl alcohol is 300 to 3,000, and the degree of saponification of the polyvinyl alcohol is 85 to 100 mol%.
  • the polyvinyl alcohol content in the graft copolymer resin is 10 to 40% by mass
  • the positive electrode composition according to (1) or (2), wherein the content of the (meth) acrylonitrile-based polymer in the graft copolymer resin is 60 to 90% by mass.
  • a positive electrode slurry comprising the positive electrode composition, the positive electrode active material and the conductive auxiliary agent according to one of (1) to (3).
  • the conductive assistant is at least one selected from (i) fibrous carbon, (ii) carbon black, and (iii) a carbon composite in which fibrous carbon and carbon black are interconnected ( 4.
  • a positive electrode comprising a metal foil and a coating film of the slurry for positive electrode according to one of (4) to (8) formed on the metal foil.
  • a lithium ion secondary battery comprising the positive electrode according to (9).
  • (11) The method for producing a positive electrode composition as described in one of (1) to (3), wherein the graft copolymer is obtained by graft copolymerization of (meth) acrylonitrile with polyvinyl alcohol.
  • a positive electrode composition having high binding properties and high flexibility can be provided.
  • the positive electrode composition according to this embodiment is suitable as a positive electrode binder composition (hereinafter sometimes referred to as a binder composition).
  • composition for a positive electrode is a composition for a positive electrode containing a graft copolymer resin and a polyvinylidene fluoride resin, and the graft copolymer resin is polyvinyl alcohol (meth). It includes a graft copolymer obtained by graft copolymerization of a monomer having acrylonitrile as a main component.
  • the graft copolymer resin contained in the positive electrode composition according to the present embodiment as one of the binders is a single amount mainly composed of (meth) acrylonitrile in polyvinyl alcohol (hereinafter sometimes abbreviated as PVA).
  • the body contains a graft copolymer obtained by graft polymerization.
  • This graft copolymer is a copolymer in which a side chain of a (meth) acrylonitrile-based polymer is formed on the main chain of polyvinyl alcohol.
  • graft copolymer system resin in addition to the graft copolymer, free (meth) acrylonitrile-based polymer (hereinafter referred to as “(meth) acrylonitrile-based non-graft polymer”) which is not involved in graft copolymerization.
  • free (meth) acrylonitrile-based polymer hereinafter referred to as “(meth) acrylonitrile-based non-graft polymer”
  • PVA polyvinyl alcohol homopolymer
  • polyvinyl alcohol non-grafted polymer polyvinyl alcohol non-grafted polymer
  • the graft copolymer resin of this embodiment may contain a free (meth) acrylonitrile-based polymer and / or a PVA homopolymer as a resin component (polymer component) in addition to the graft copolymer. That is, the graft copolymer resin may contain other products other than the graft copolymer by copolymerization of the graft copolymer.
  • the monomer used for graft copolymerization to PVA contains (meth) acrylonitrile as an essential component from the viewpoint of oxidation resistance.
  • the monomer used for graft copolymerization to PVA may contain a monomer that can be copolymerized with (meth) acrylonitrile as long as the oxidation resistance of the positive electrode composition is not impaired. good.
  • a monomer other than (meth) acrylonitrile is used as a monomer for graft copolymerization
  • a copolymer of this monomer and (meth) acrylonitrile is used as a graft copolymer resin or other product. May be included.
  • the monomer used for the graft copolymerization to PVA has (meth) acrylonitrile as a main component as described above.
  • the “main component” means that 50% by mass or more of (meth) acrylonitrile is included with respect to the total amount of monomers used for copolymerization, preferably 90% by mass or more, and (meth) acrylonitrile. It is more preferable that it consists only of (100 mass%). That is, the (meth) acrylonitrile-based polymer and the (meth) acrylonitrile-based non-graft polymer are preferably poly (meth) acrylonitrile (hereinafter sometimes abbreviated as PAN) composed only of (meth) acrylonitrile.
  • PAN poly (meth) acrylonitrile
  • (Meth) acrylonitrile in the graft copolymer resin is a main component of the monomer unit constituting the polymer chain other than the PVA skeleton in the polymer contained in the graft copolymer resin.
  • the “main component” means that 50% by mass or more of the monomer units constituting the polymer chain other than the PVA skeleton in the polymer contained in the graft copolymer resin is (meth) acrylonitrile. 90% by mass or more is preferably (meth) acrylonitrile.
  • 90% by mass or more is preferably (meth) acrylonitrile.
  • the upper limit of the proportion of (meth) acrylonitrile can be 100% by mass or less, and the proportion of (meth) acrylonitrile is more preferably 100% by mass.
  • the composition of the monomer unit constituting the polymer chain other than the PVA skeleton in the polymer contained in the graft copolymer resin can be determined by 1 H-NMR (proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy).
  • the degree of saponification of PVA is preferably 85 to 100 mol% from the viewpoint of oxidation resistance, and more preferably 95 mol% or more from the viewpoint of improving the covering property to the active material.
  • the saponification degree of PVA here is a value measured by a method according to JIS K 6726.
  • the average degree of polymerization of PVA is preferably 300 to 3000 from the viewpoints of solubility, binding properties, and viscosity of the positive electrode composition solution.
  • the average degree of polymerization of PVA is more preferably 320 to 2950, most preferably 330 to 2500, and still more preferably 500 to 1800.
  • the average degree of polymerization of PVA is 300 or more, the binding property between the binder, the active material, and the conductive additive is improved, and the durability is improved.
  • the average degree of polymerization of PVA is 3000 or less, the solubility is improved and the viscosity is lowered, so that the production of the positive electrode slurry becomes easy.
  • the average degree of polymerization of PVA here is a value measured by a method according to JIS K 6726.
  • the graft ratio of the graft copolymer is preferably 150 to 900%, more preferably 300 to 570%. When the graft ratio is 150% or more, the oxidation resistance is improved. When the graft ratio is 900% or less, the binding property is improved.
  • a free (meth) acrylonitrile-based polymer that is not bonded to the graft copolymer may be produced.
  • the calculation requires a step of separating the graft copolymer and the released (meth) acrylonitrile-based polymer from the graft copolymerization product.
  • the free (meth) acrylonitrile-based polymer for example, there is a PAN homopolymer, but a poly (meth) acrylonitrile (hereinafter sometimes abbreviated as PAN) homopolymer may be abbreviated as dimethylformamide (hereinafter abbreviated as DMF). Is dissolved), but PVA and graft copolymerized PAN do not dissolve in DMF. Using this difference in solubility, the PAN homopolymer can be separated by an operation such as centrifugation.
  • a graft copolymer having a known PAN content is immersed in a predetermined amount of DMF, and the PAN homopolymer is eluted in DMF. Next, the soaked liquid is separated into a DMF soluble part and a DMF insoluble part by centrifugation.
  • c When the amount is insoluble in DMF, The graft ratio can be determined by the following formula (1).
  • the graft ratio of the graft copolymer determined by the above formula (1) is preferably 150 to 900% from the viewpoint of improving the coverage, oxidation resistance, and binding properties to the positive electrode active material.
  • the graft copolymer resin in the present embodiment includes, in addition to the graft copolymer, free (meth) acrylonitrile-based polymer and PVA homopolymer that can be generated when the graft copolymer is produced. It may contain.
  • the weight average molecular weight of the liberated (meth) acrylonitrile-based polymer ((meth) acrylonitrile-based non-graft polymer) is preferably 30,000 to 300,000, more preferably 80000 to 280000, and most preferably 200000 to 260000.
  • the weight-average molecular weight of the released (meth) acrylonitrile-based polymer is preferably 300000 or less, more preferably 280000 or less. 260000 or less is most preferable.
  • the weight average molecular weight of the liberated (meth) acrylonitrile-based polymer can be determined by GPC (gel permeation chromatography).
  • the content of PVA in the graft copolymer resin is preferably 10 to 40% by mass, more preferably 15 to 25% by mass. When it is 10% by mass or more, the binding property is improved. When it is 40% by mass or less, the oxidation resistance is improved.
  • the content of PVA in the graft copolymer resin is the graft copolymer with respect to the sum of the contents of the graft copolymer in mass conversion, the free (meth) acrylonitrile-based polymer and the homopolymer of PVA. It means the total value of the content of PVA and the content of homopolymer of PVA in the system resin.
  • the content of the (meth) acrylonitrile-based polymer in the graft copolymer resin is 60 to 90% by mass, and more preferably 75 to 85% by mass. When it is 60% by mass or more, the oxidation resistance is improved. When it is 90% by mass or less, the binding property is improved.
  • the content of the (meth) acrylonitrile-based polymer in the graft copolymer refers to the graft copolymer with respect to the sum of the mass-converted graft copolymer, the released (meth) acrylonitrile-based polymer, and the homopolymer of PVA. It means the total value of the content of polymerized (meth) acrylonitrile polymer and the content of free (meth) acrylonitrile polymer.
  • the composition ratio of the graft copolymer resin is such that when only (meth) acrylonitrile is used as a monomer for graft copolymerization with PVA, the reaction rate (polymerization rate) of (meth) acrylonitrile and each component used for polymerization It can be calculated from the composition of the amount charged.
  • the mass ratio of PAN produced during copolymerization that is, the total amount of PAN grafted on PVA and liberated PAN homopolymer can be calculated from the polymerization rate of (meth) acrylonitrile and the mass of charged (meth) acrylonitrile. it can.
  • the mass ratio of PVA and PAN can be calculated by taking the ratio between the mass of PAN and the mass of PVA charged.
  • the mass% of PAN in the graft copolymer resin can be obtained from the following formula (2).
  • Mass% (mass ratio) of PAN in the graft copolymer resin d ⁇ 0.01 ⁇ e / (f + d ⁇ 0.01 ⁇ e) ⁇ 100 (%) (2)
  • d is the polymerization rate (%) of (meth) acrylonitrile
  • e is the mass of acrylonitrile used for graft copolymerization (amount charged)
  • f is the mass of PVA used for graft copolymerization. Represents (preparation amount).
  • the composition ratio of the graft copolymer can also be determined by 1 H-NMR.
  • 1 H-NMR 1 H-NMR
  • a monomer other than (meth) acrylonitrile is used for graft copolymerization in addition to (meth) acrylonitrile, it is difficult to calculate by the above formula (2), and therefore it can be determined by 1 H-NMR.
  • the measurement of 1 H-NMR is performed using, for example, a trade name “ALPHA500” manufactured by JEOL Ltd., under the conditions of measurement solvent: dimethyl sulfoxide, measurement cell: 5 mm ⁇ , sample concentration: 50 mg / 1 ml, measurement temperature: 30 ° C. Can be done.
  • the production method of the graft copolymer resin of the present embodiment is not particularly limited, but after polymerization of polyvinyl acetate and saponification to obtain PVA, a monomer mainly composed of (meth) acrylonitrile is grafted on PVA. A method of copolymerization is preferred.
  • any known method such as bulk polymerization or solution polymerization can be used.
  • Initiators used for polymerization of polyvinyl acetate include azo initiators such as azobisisobutyronitrile, and organic peroxides such as benzoyl peroxide and bis (4-t-butylcyclohexyl) peroxydicarbonate. Thing etc. are mentioned.
  • the saponification reaction of polyvinyl acetate can be performed, for example, by a saponification method in an organic solvent in the presence of a saponification catalyst.
  • organic solvent examples include methanol, ethanol, propanol, ethylene glycol, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, benzene, toluene and the like. One or more of these may be used. Of these, methanol is preferred.
  • the saponification catalyst examples include basic catalysts such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide and sodium alkoxide, and acidic catalysts such as sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid.
  • basic catalysts such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide and sodium alkoxide
  • acidic catalysts such as sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid.
  • sodium hydroxide is preferable from the viewpoint of the saponification rate.
  • Examples of the method of graft copolymerizing a monomer having (meth) acrylonitrile as a main component with polyvinyl alcohol include a solution polymerization method.
  • Examples of the solvent used include dimethyl sulfoxide and N-methylpyrrolidone.
  • organic peroxides such as benzoyl peroxide, azo compounds such as azobisisobutyronitrile, potassium peroxodisulfate, ammonium peroxodisulfate, and the like can be used.
  • the graft copolymer of this embodiment can be used after being dissolved in a solvent.
  • the solvent include dimethyl sulfoxide, N-methylpyrrolidone and the like.
  • the binder composition preferably contains these solvents, and one or more of these solvents may be contained.
  • the polyvinylidene fluoride resin used is not necessarily a homopolymer, and may be a copolymer of a monomer copolymerizable with a vinylidene fluoride monomer.
  • Polyvinylidene fluoride resins include vinylidene fluoride homopolymers, vinylidene fluoride and fluorine-containing monomers (vinyl fluoride, trifluoroethylene, chlorotrifluoroethylene, tetrafluoroethylene, hexafluoropropylene, fluoroalkyl vinyl ether, etc.) And a copolymer of vinylidene fluoride and a non-fluorinated monomer (ethylene, chloroethylene, methyl (meth) acrylate, monomethyl malate, etc.), and the like.
  • PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride which is a homopolymer of vinylidene fluoride is preferable.
  • the upper limit of the molecular weight of the polyvinylidene fluoride resin is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1,000,000 or less from the viewpoint of solubility in a solvent.
  • the lower limit value of the molecular weight of the polyvinylidene fluoride resin is not particularly limited, but is preferably 100,000 or more.
  • the positive electrode according to the present embodiment includes a positive electrode slurry (electrode composition slurry) containing a positive electrode composition, a conductive additive, and a positive electrode active material used as necessary on a current collector such as an aluminum foil. After the coating, the solvent contained in the slurry is removed by heating, and the current collector and the electrode mixture layer are pressed and brought into close contact with a roll press or the like.
  • the conductive additive used in the present embodiment is at least one selected from the group consisting of (i) fibrous carbon, (ii) carbon black, and (iii) a carbon composite in which fibrous carbon and carbon black are interconnected. More than species are preferred.
  • fibrous carbon include vapor growth carbon fiber, carbon nanotube, and carbon nanofiber.
  • carbon black include acetylene black, furnace black, and ketjen black (registered trademark). These conductive assistants may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Among these, at least one selected from acetylene black, carbon nanotube, and carbon nanofiber is preferable from the viewpoint of high effect of improving the dispersibility of the conductive additive.
  • the positive electrode active material used in the present embodiment is preferably a positive electrode active material capable of reversibly occluding and releasing cations.
  • the positive electrode active material is preferably a lithium-containing composite oxide or a lithium-containing polyanion compound containing Mn having a volume resistivity of 1 ⁇ 10 4 ⁇ ⁇ cm or more.
  • LiNi X Mn (2-X) O 4 satisfies the relationship 0 ⁇ X ⁇ 2
  • X in LiMO 2 satisfies the relationship 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1, and M in LiMPO 4 , Li 2 MSiO 4 or xLi 2 MnO 3- (1-x) LiMO 2 is Fe, Co, Ni, Mn It is preferable that it is 1 or more types of elements chosen from these.
  • the content of the positive electrode composition is preferably 0.1 to 8.5% by mass, more preferably 0.1 to 5% by mass, and most preferably 0.3 to 3% by mass in the solid content of the positive electrode slurry.
  • the content of the positive electrode active material is preferably 40 to 99.5% by mass, more preferably 65 to 99% by mass, and most preferably 80 to 99% by mass in the solid content of the positive electrode slurry.
  • the content of the conductive auxiliary is preferably 0.1 to 8.5% by mass, more preferably 0.1 to 4.5% by mass, and most preferably 0.4 to 3% by mass in the solid content of the positive electrode slurry. preferable.
  • the solid content of the positive electrode slurry is the total of the positive electrode composition, the conductive additive, and the positive electrode active material used as necessary.
  • the lithium ion secondary battery according to this embodiment is manufactured using the above-described positive electrode, and preferably, the above-described positive electrode, negative electrode, separator, and electrolyte solution (hereinafter, also referred to as an electrolyte or an electrolyte solution). ).
  • the negative electrode used for the lithium ion secondary battery of this embodiment is not specifically limited, It can manufacture using the slurry for negative electrodes containing a negative electrode active material.
  • This negative electrode can be manufactured using, for example, a negative electrode metal foil and a negative electrode slurry provided on the metal foil.
  • the negative electrode slurry preferably includes a negative electrode binder, a negative electrode active material, and the above-described conductive additive.
  • the negative electrode binder is not particularly limited, and for example, polyvinylidene fluoride, polytetrafluoroethylene, styrene-butadiene copolymer (such as styrene butadiene rubber), acrylic copolymer, and the like can be used.
  • a fluorine-based resin is preferable.
  • the fluorine-based resin one or more members selected from the group consisting of polyvinylidene fluoride and polytetrafluoroethylene are more preferable, and polyvinylidene fluoride is most preferable.
  • the negative electrode active material used for the negative electrode carbon materials such as graphite, polyacene, carbon nanotube, and carbon nanofiber, alloy materials such as tin and silicon, or oxidation of tin oxide, silicon oxide, lithium titanate, etc. Examples include materials. One or more of these may be used.
  • the metal foil for the negative electrode foil-like copper is preferably used, and the thickness is preferably 5 to 30 ⁇ m from the viewpoint of workability.
  • a negative electrode can be manufactured using the slurry for negative electrodes, and the metal foil for negative electrodes by the method according to the manufacturing method of the above-mentioned positive electrode.
  • separator Any separator can be used as long as it has sufficient strength, such as an electrically insulating porous film, a net, and a nonwoven fabric.
  • a material that has low resistance to ion migration of the electrolytic solution and excellent in solution holding is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include inorganic fibers such as glass fibers or organic fibers, synthetic resins such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polyester, polytetrafluoroethylene, and polyflon, and layered composites thereof. From the viewpoints of binding properties and safety, polyethylene, polypropylene, or a layered composite thereof is preferable.
  • electrolyte it can be used any known lithium salt, for example, LiClO 4, LiBF 4, LiBF 6, LiPF 6, LiCF 3 SO 3, LiCF 3 CO 2, LiAsF 6, LiSbF 6, LiB 10 Cl 10, LiAlCl 4 , LiCl, LiBr, LiI, LiB (C 2 H 5 ) 4 , LiCF 3 SO 3 , LiCH 3 SO 3 , LiCF 3 SO 3 , LiC 4 F 9 SO 3 , LiN (CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 , LiN ( C 2 F 5 SO 2 ) 2 , LiC (CF 3 SO 2 ) 3 , lithium lower fatty acid carboxylate and the like.
  • the electrolyte solution for dissolving the electrolyte is not particularly limited.
  • the electrolyte include carbonates such as propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate and methyl ethyl carbonate, lactones such as ⁇ -butyrolactone, trimethoxymethane, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, diethyl ether, 2 -Ethers such as ethoxyethane, tetrahydrofuran and 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, sulfoxides such as dimethyl sulfoxide, oxolanes such as 1,3-dioxolane and 4-methyl-1,3-dioxolane, acetonitrile, nitromethane and N-methyl- Nitrogen-containing compounds such as 2-pyrrolidone, esters such as methyl formate, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate,
  • an electrolyte solution in which LiPF 6 is dissolved in carbonates is preferable.
  • concentration of the electrolyte in the solution varies depending on the electrode and electrolyte used, but is preferably 0.5 to 3 mol / L.
  • the use of the lithium ion battery according to the present embodiment is not particularly limited.
  • portable information such as a digital camera, a video camera, a portable audio player, a portable AV device such as a portable liquid crystal television, a notebook computer, a smartphone, and a mobile PC.
  • terminals such as terminals, other portable game devices, electric tools, electric bicycles, hybrid cars, electric cars, power storage systems, and the like.
  • the mass of PVA in the obtained graft copolymer resin A is 19% by mass of the total polymer, the mass of PAN in the obtained graft copolymer resin A is 81% by mass of the total polymer, and the graft ratio was 435%, and the weight average molecular weight of the homopolymer of PAN not bound to the graft copolymer was 256200.
  • composition ratio of the graft copolymer resin A was calculated from the composition of the reaction rate of acrylonitrile (polymerization rate) and the charged amount of each component used for the polymerization.
  • the mass% of PAN produced at the time of copolymerization is the polymerization rate (%) of acrylonitrile, the mass of acrylonitrile used for graft copolymerization (amount charged), and the graft copolymer. From the mass (preparation amount) of PVA used for polymerization, it was calculated using the above-described formula (2).
  • the “mass ratio” in the table below is the mass ratio in the resin component including the graft copolymer itself and the PVA homopolymer and PAN homopolymer that are not bonded to the graft copolymer formed during the copolymerization.
  • ⁇ Graft ratio> 1.00 g of the graft copolymer resin A was weighed and added to 50 cc of special grade DMF (manufactured by Kokusan Chemical Co., Ltd.) and stirred at 80 ° C. for 24 hours. Next, this was centrifuged for 30 minutes at a rotational speed of 10,000 rpm with a centrifuge manufactured by Kokusan Co., Ltd. (model: H2000B, rotor: H). After carefully separating the filtrate (DMF soluble component), the pure water insoluble component was vacuum-dried at 100 ° C. for 24 hours, and the graft ratio was calculated using the above-described formula (1).
  • graft copolymer A was changed to 900 parts by mass of vinyl acetate and the polymerization initiator bis (4-t-butylcyclohexyl) peroxydicarbonate to 0.15 parts by mass, and polymerized at 60 ° C. for 5 hours.
  • the polymerization rate was 70%. It was diluted with methanol so that the concentration of polyvinyl acetate was 30% by mass. 20 parts by mass of a 10% strength by weight sodium hydroxide methanol solution was added to 2000 parts by mass of this polyvinyl acetate solution, and a saponification reaction was carried out at 30 ° C. for 2.5 hours.
  • Table 1 shows the characteristics of the graft copolymer resins used in the examples and comparative examples.
  • Example 1 Preparation of composition solution for positive electrode
  • 0.25 parts by mass of the obtained graft copolymer resin A and 0.25 parts by mass of PVDF (molecular weight 300,000, homopolymer of PVDF) were added to N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (hereinafter abbreviated as NMP) 95. It was made to melt
  • the positive electrode plate was cut into a width of 54 mm to produce a strip-shaped positive electrode plate.
  • the positive electrode was obtained by drying at 105 ° C. for 1 hour in order to completely remove volatile components such as residual solvent and adsorbed moisture.
  • the obtained positive electrode was wound around a ⁇ 1.5 mm round bar, and the flexibility of the positive electrode was evaluated based on whether or not the surface of the positive electrode mixture layer was cracked. When wound, the number of cracks and the maximum crack width (maximum crack length) were observed. If there is no crack when wound, it is judged that the flexibility is high.
  • LiCoO 2 KD20s manufactured by Umicore
  • Li435 Diska Black (registered trademark), carbon black manufactured by Denka Co., Ltd.
  • the solid content converted value and the solid content converted value are the total amount of the graft copolymer resin and PVDF
  • the prepared positive electrode slurry was applied to one side of an aluminum foil having a thickness of 20 ⁇ m so as to be 20 mg / cm 2 on one side with an automatic coating machine, and preliminarily dried at 105 ° C. for 15 minutes to form a coating film.
  • the obtained positive electrode plate was pressed with a roll press machine at a linear pressure of 0.2 to 3.0 ton / cm, and the average thickness of the positive electrode plate was adjusted to 75 ⁇ m.
  • the obtained positive electrode plate was cut into a width of 1.5 cm, an adhesive tape was attached to the surface of the positive electrode active material, and a stainless steel plate and a tape attached to the positive electrode plate were attached with a double-sided tape.
  • an adhesive tape was attached to the aluminum foil of the positive electrode plate to obtain a test piece.
  • the stress was measured when the adhesive tape affixed to the aluminum foil was peeled off at a speed of 50 mm / min in the direction of 180 ° in an atmosphere of 23 ° C. and 50% relative humidity. This measurement was repeated 5 times to obtain an average value, which was defined as peel adhesion strength.
  • Tori-Taro ARV-310) was mixed until uniform. Further, the SBR is weighed so as to be 2% by mass in solid content, added, and mixed using a rotating and rotating mixer (Shinky Corp., Awatori Nerita ARV-310) until uniform. A negative electrode slurry for an aqueous battery was obtained. Next, a negative electrode slurry for a non-aqueous battery was formed into a film on a copper foil having a thickness of 10 ⁇ m (manufactured by UACJ) with an applicator, and allowed to stand in a dryer and pre-dried at 60 ° C. for one hour.
  • the film was pressed with a roll press at a linear pressure of 100 kg / cm so that the thickness of the film including the copper foil was 40 ⁇ m.
  • vacuum drying was performed at 120 ° C. for 3 hours to obtain a negative electrode.
  • the positive electrode is processed to 40 ⁇ 40 mm and the negative electrode is processed to 44 ⁇ 44 mm.
  • a polyolefin microporous membrane processed to 45 ⁇ 45 mm was disposed.
  • the aluminum laminate sheet cut and processed into a 70 ⁇ 140 mm square was folded in half at the center of the long side, and placed and sandwiched so that the current collecting tab of the electrode was exposed to the outside of the aluminum laminate sheet.
  • 2 g of electrolytic solution made by Kishida Chemical Co., Ltd.
  • Carbonate / diethyl carbonate 1/2 (volume ratio) + 1M LiPF 6 solution (hereinafter referred to as electrolyte solution), and sufficiently infiltrate the positive electrode, negative electrode and polyolefin microporous membrane using the above electrode, While the pressure inside the battery was reduced by a vacuum heat sealer, the remaining one side of the aluminum laminate sheet was heated and fused to obtain a lithium ion battery.
  • electrolyte solution 1M LiPF 6 solution
  • the battery performance was evaluated by the following method.
  • Example 2 An electrode and a lithium ion battery were produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the graft copolymer resin A in Example 1 was changed to the graft copolymer resin B. The results are shown in Table 2.
  • Example 3 An electrode and a lithium ion battery were produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the graft copolymer resin A in Example 1 was changed to the graft copolymer resin C. The results are shown in Table 2.
  • Example 4 An electrode and a lithium ion battery were produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the amount of the graft copolymer resin in Example 1 was 0.15% by mass and the amount of PVDF was 0.35% by mass. The results are shown in Table 2.
  • Example 5 An electrode and a lithium ion battery were produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the amount of the graft copolymer resin in Example 1 was 0.35% by mass and the amount of PVDF was 0.15% by mass. The results are shown in Table 2.
  • Example 1 An electrode and a lithium ion battery were produced in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the graft copolymer resin A in Example 1 was 0% by mass and the PVDF content was 0.50% by mass. The results are shown in Table 2. When an electrode was produced under the conditions of Comparative Example 1, the high rate discharge capacity retention rate and cycle capacity retention rate were low.
  • Example 2 An electrode and a lithium ion battery were produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the graft copolymer resin A in Example 1 was 0.5 mass% and the PVDF amount was 0 mass%. The results are shown in Table 3. When an electrode was produced under the conditions of Comparative Example 2, the result was low flexibility.
  • the present embodiment has great flexibility and binding properties of the electrode.
  • the lithium ion secondary battery manufactured using the positive electrode of this embodiment has good cycle characteristics and discharge rate characteristics.
  • the active material composition in the positive electrode is increased using polyvinylidene fluoride, which is widely used as a binder, the adhesive strength is insufficient, and the mixture layer may be missing from the current collector. .
  • the electrode was not flexible and the electrode mixture layer was thickened. In the winding process, the electrode mixture layer may be cracked.
  • a composition for a positive electrode (a positive electrode binder composition) in which a polymer obtained by grafting a monomer having (meth) acrylonitrile as a main component onto polyvinyl alcohol and a polyvinylidene fluoride resin as a binder is used as an electrode, It has been found that both the binding property (adhesiveness) and the flexibility of the electrode can be achieved.
  • the average degree of polymerization of polyvinyl alcohol is 300 to 3000
  • the degree of saponification is 85 to 100 mol%
  • the amount of polyvinyl alcohol in the graft copolymer resin is 10 to 40% by mass
  • Lithium ion secondary having a high energy density by using a graft copolymer resin in which the amount of poly (meth) acrylonitrile in the polymer resin is 90 to 60% by mass
  • a polyvinylidene fluoride resin as a binder.
  • a positive electrode for a battery can be provided.
  • the binder exhibits high adhesive strength
  • An active material composition can be increased and an electrode having electrode flexibility can be provided.
  • This embodiment increases the active material composition in the positive electrode, disperses the small particle size conductive material, increases the coating thickness of the electrode mixture layer, and combines the flexibility of the positive electrode with a high energy density.
  • the positive electrode for lithium ion secondary batteries which has can be provided.
  • a high energy density electrode that achieves both thick coating of the electrode mixture layer and flexibility of the electrode can be obtained.
  • This embodiment is useful as a positive electrode for a lithium ion secondary battery, and a positive electrode and a lithium ion secondary battery using the positive electrode.

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Abstract

L'invention fournit une composition pour électrode positive qui présente une capacité de fixation élevée et une souplesse élevée. Plus précisément, l'invention concerne une composition pour électrode positive qui comprend une résine à base de copolymère greffé et une résine à base de polyfluorure de vinylidène. La résine à base de copolymère greffé contient un copolymère greffé obtenu par copolymérisation avec greffage d'un (méth)acrylonitrile sur un alcool polyvinylique, et contient de manière optionnelle un polymère à base de (méth)acrylonitrile libéré non lié au copolymère greffé et/ou un homopolymère d'alcool polyvinylique. L'invention concerne également une bouillie pour électrode positive. L'invention concerne également une électrode positive qui est équipée d'une feuille métallique, et d'un film de revêtement de bouillie pour électrode positive formé sur ladite feuille métallique. De préférence, le rapport de quantités de la résine à base de copolymère greffé et de la résine à base de polyfluorure de vinylidène, est tel que résine à base de copolymère greffé : résine à base de polyfluorure de vinylidène ＝２：８～８：２.
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US16/621,567 US11824197B2 (en) 2017-06-13 2018-06-13 Positive electrode composition
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US20210151763A1 (en) 2021-05-20
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