WO2018223986A1 - 定位方法及装置 - Google Patents

定位方法及装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018223986A1
WO2018223986A1 PCT/CN2018/090114 CN2018090114W WO2018223986A1 WO 2018223986 A1 WO2018223986 A1 WO 2018223986A1 CN 2018090114 W CN2018090114 W CN 2018090114W WO 2018223986 A1 WO2018223986 A1 WO 2018223986A1
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Prior art keywords
positioning
environment
target environment
feature
wireless
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PCT/CN2018/090114
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English (en)
French (fr)
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谭欢喜
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中兴通讯股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2018223986A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018223986A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B17/00—Monitoring; Testing
    • H04B17/30—Monitoring; Testing of propagation channels
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W64/00—Locating users or terminals or network equipment for network management purposes, e.g. mobility management

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of terminal technologies, and in particular, to a positioning method and apparatus.
  • Cellular wireless positioning technology can obtain information such as geographic location when the mobile station is connected. Using the positioning information of the mobile station, the operator can provide various value-added services to the user, such as location environment information inquiry, emergency rescue, car navigation, intelligent transportation, team management, advertisement consultation and release, etc., and can also operate as a mobile communication network. Auxiliary data for maintenance and management.
  • the existing wireless positioning technology can be divided into satellite-based positioning technology, ground network-based positioning technology and hybrid positioning technology.
  • the ground network-based positioning technology can be subdivided into base station physical ID positioning, time-based positioning, and angle of arrival. (Angle-of-Arrival, AOA) positioning technology and wireless fingerprint positioning technology.
  • AOA Angle-of-Arrival
  • the present disclosure provides a positioning method, including: extracting, by a base station, a wireless feature of a target environment; determining, based on the extracted wireless feature, that the target environment is an outdoor environment or an indoor environment; using the determined target environment The corresponding positioning algorithm performs a positioning operation on the user terminal in the target environment.
  • the present disclosure further provides a positioning apparatus, which is applied to a user terminal, the positioning apparatus includes: a wireless feature extraction module configured to extract a wireless feature of a target environment; and an indoor/outdoor decision module configured to extract the wireless The feature determines whether the target environment is an outdoor environment or an indoor environment; and the function response module is configured to perform a positioning operation on the user terminal in the target environment by using a positioning algorithm corresponding to the determined target environment.
  • a wireless feature extraction module configured to extract a wireless feature of a target environment
  • an indoor/outdoor decision module configured to extract the wireless The feature determines whether the target environment is an outdoor environment or an indoor environment
  • the function response module is configured to perform a positioning operation on the user terminal in the target environment by using a positioning algorithm corresponding to the determined target environment.
  • the present disclosure also provides a computer readable storage medium having stored thereon a program that, when executed by a computer, causes the computer to perform one or more steps of the positioning method described herein.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a positioning device in some embodiments of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an indoor scene in some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an outdoor scene in some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of multipath features of indoor scene extraction in some embodiments of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of multipath features of outdoor scene extraction in some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of user distribution in some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic flow chart of a positioning method in some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • wireless positioning technologies can be classified into satellite-based positioning technology, terrestrial network-based positioning technology, and hybrid positioning technology.
  • the terrestrial network-based positioning technology can be further subdivided into base station physical ID positioning, time-based positioning, angle of arrival positioning technology, and wireless fingerprint positioning technology.
  • the partial positioning technology based on the terrestrial network is not ideal in user positioning, and the positioning accuracy is usually not high.
  • the advantage of the satellite positioning technology represented by GPS is mainly reflected in the high positioning accuracy, and the disadvantage is that the positioning coverage is limited.
  • Indoor users have fewer satellites visible, so satellite positioning technology is difficult to effectively locate indoor users.
  • the present disclosure particularly provides a positioning method and positioning apparatus that substantially obviate one or more of the problems due to the disadvantages and limitations of the related art.
  • the present disclosure provides a positioning device.
  • the positioning apparatus includes: a wireless feature extraction module configured to extract a wireless feature of the target environment; and an indoor/outdoor decision module configured to determine the target environment as an outdoor environment or indoor based on the extracted wireless feature
  • the function response module is configured to perform a positioning operation on the user terminal in the target environment by using a positioning algorithm corresponding to the determined target environment.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a positioning device in some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • the positioning apparatus includes: a wireless feature extraction module 10 configured to extract wireless features of a target environment; and an indoor/outdoor decision module 20 configured to determine that the target environment is outdoor based on the extracted wireless features
  • the environment is an indoor environment; and the function response module 30 is configured to perform a positioning operation on the user terminal in the target environment by using a positioning algorithm corresponding to the determined target environment.
  • the positioning apparatus operates based on a base station.
  • the base station may be a base station of different mobile communication technologies, for example, a base station "BS (Base Station)" of the second generation mobile communication technology, a base station “NodeB” of the third generation mobile communication technology, and a third generation mobile communication technology.
  • the main purpose of the embodiments of the present disclosure is to extract the wireless features of the target environment by the positioning device when the user terminal of the target environment needs to be located, and then determine the target environment specifically based on the extracted wireless features.
  • the environment or the outdoor environment is selected according to the determined target environment, and the corresponding positioning algorithm is used to locate the user terminal in the target environment, so that the actual positioning algorithm is suitable for the environment where the user terminal is located, thereby improving terminal positioning accuracy. the goal of.
  • the first step in the implementation of the embodiments of the present disclosure is to distinguish whether the target environment is an indoor environment or an outdoor environment. Therefore, it is particularly important to extract effective feature information that distinguishes indoor and outdoor environments.
  • the wireless features extracted by the wireless feature extraction module 10 include multipath features of the wireless channel, and the multipath features are used as an important parameter to distinguish between indoor and outdoor.
  • the wireless feature extraction module 10 transmits the extracted multipath feature to the indoor/outdoor decision module 20, and the indoor/outdoor decision module 20 determines the current environment of the user terminal.
  • two experimental scenarios are set for verification, which are the indoor scenes shown in FIG. 2, specifically corridor coverage, the user terminal is at the far end of the base station antenna; and the outdoor scene shown in FIG. Specifically, it covers the urban area, the user terminal is in motion, and there are many scatterers in surrounding buildings and trees.
  • FIGS. 4 and 5 are obtained by extracting multipath features from the indoor scene shown in FIG. 2 and the outdoor scene shown in FIG. 3, respectively.
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of multipath characteristics of indoor scene extraction
  • FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of multipath characteristics of outdoor scene extraction.
  • the outdoor environment has more detachable multipath components than the indoor environment, and the indoor environment more reflects the large power component or the direct path component. Therefore, in some embodiments of the present disclosure, features related to multipath components (such as delay spread, tap maximum power point position, maximum delay, etc.) are used as a key wireless feature to distinguish between indoor and outdoor environments, and can effectively implement indoors. Judgment of the external environment.
  • the indoor/outdoor decision module 20 transmits the decision result to the functional response module 30 after determining that the target environment is an indoor environment or an outdoor environment.
  • the function response module 30 After receiving the decision result transmitted by the indoor/outdoor decision module 20, the function response module 30 performs positioning by using a targeted positioning algorithm according to the target environment, so as to achieve the purpose of improving the positioning accuracy.
  • the satellite positioning algorithm may be selected to perform a positioning operation on the user terminal in the target environment, such as using GPS positioning;
  • the ground network positioning algorithm may be selected to perform the positioning operation, such as using Wi-Fi positioning.
  • the function response module 30 is further configured to determine a use of the current positioning operation; and perform a positioning operation using a positioning algorithm that matches the positioning use in the positioning algorithm corresponding to the determined target environment.
  • the positioning operation of the user terminal usually has a certain purpose, for example, to provide high-precision positioning, provide related data, and the like.
  • the function response module 30 first determines the use of the current positioning operation, and then, after determining the usage, performs a positioning operation using a positioning algorithm that matches the positioning purpose in the positioning algorithm corresponding to the determined target environment.
  • the function response module 30 uses a GPS positioning algorithm to locate the user terminal of the determined outdoor environment. For the user terminal of the determined indoor environment, the function response module 30 adopts Wi-Fi. The positioning algorithm locates it.
  • the function response module 30 uses a network-based triangulation algorithm to locate the user terminal of the determined outdoor environment.
  • the wireless feature of the target environment is extracted, and then the target wireless environment is determined to be an indoor environment or an outdoor environment based on the extracted wireless feature, and the corresponding positioning algorithm is selected according to the determined target environment.
  • the user terminal in the environment performs the positioning operation, so that the actual positioning algorithm is suitable for the environment in which the user terminal is located, thereby achieving the purpose of improving the positioning accuracy of the terminal.
  • the extracted wireless features include multipath characteristics and unit distance fading characteristics of the wireless channel.
  • the indoor/outdoor decision module 20 is further configured to calculate a decision factor according to a preset algorithm, and a weight corresponding to each of the multipath feature and the unit distance fading feature; and determine whether the calculated decision factor is greater than or equal to the preset gate. Limit. In some embodiments, when the decision factor is greater than or equal to the preset threshold, the target environment is determined to be an outdoor environment, otherwise the target environment is determined to be an indoor environment.
  • the determination of the indoor and outdoor environment is also performed using the unit distance fading feature of the wireless channel.
  • the wireless feature of the target environment is first extracted by the wireless feature extraction module 10, such as extracting multipath features of the wireless channel and fading features of the unit distance.
  • the wireless feature extraction module 10 when extracting the multipath feature, performs frequency domain channel estimation on the wireless channel of the target environment, and performs inverse Fourier transform on the obtained frequency domain channel response to obtain a time domain impulse response.
  • the detection sequence is performed; after the obtained detection sequence is subjected to noise reduction and interference reduction processing, the multipath feature is separated by a preset detection algorithm.
  • the wireless feature extraction module 10 performs noise reduction and interference reduction processing on the detection sequence, and adopts a reasonable detection algorithm for the inherent characteristics of the channel to extract effective multipath features, for example, multipath. Delay extension.
  • the wireless feature extraction module 10 transmits the extracted multipath feature and the unit distance fading feature to the indoor/outdoor decision module 20.
  • the indoor/outdoor decision module 20 is further configured to calculate a decision factor according to a preset algorithm, and a weight corresponding to each of the multipath feature and the unit distance fading feature, and calculate the determined factor and the preset threshold. That is, it is compared with the preset indoor and outdoor feature thresholds, and then the target environment is determined to be an indoor environment or an outdoor environment.
  • the function response module 30 is further configured to obtain user load distribution information within the coverage according to the location information of each user terminal that is obtained to perform a corresponding network optimization operation.
  • the function response module 30 obtains the user load distribution information in the coverage area according to the location information of each user terminal obtained by the positioning, and performs corresponding network optimization operations.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of user distribution. As shown in FIG. 6, it is determined that the location information of each user terminal obtained by positioning in a coverage of a macro station NodeB determines that the user is concentrated in the A area and the B area, thereby determining the user load of the A area and the B area. Heavy, other areas are lighter. Then, in the specific system optimization, the A area and the B area can be optimized in a targeted manner, for example, a heterogeneous network (HetNet) or a small network (Small Cell) mode is added in the A area, and the macro is shared.
  • HetNet heterogeneous network
  • Small Cell Small Cell
  • the present disclosure also provides a positioning method, such as performed by the positioning device illustrated in FIG.
  • a positioning method such as performed by the positioning device illustrated in FIG.
  • the positioning method will be described by taking the positioning device shown in FIG. 1 as an example.
  • the positioning method includes the steps of: extracting, by the base station, a wireless feature of the target environment; determining, based on the extracted wireless feature, that the target environment is an outdoor environment or an indoor environment; and corresponding to the determined target environment
  • the positioning algorithm performs a positioning operation on the user terminal in the target environment.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic flow chart of a positioning method in some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • the positioning method includes the following steps S10 to S30.
  • the wireless characteristics of the target environment are extracted by the base station.
  • the target environment is determined to be an outdoor environment or an indoor environment.
  • a positioning operation is performed using a positioning algorithm corresponding to the determined target environment.
  • the positioning method provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure may be performed by, for example, the positioning apparatus shown in FIG. 1 , which is operated based on a base station.
  • the base station may be a base station of different mobile communication technologies, for example, a base station "BS" of the second generation mobile communication technology, a base station "NodeB” of the third generation mobile communication technology, and a base station "EnodeB” of the third generation mobile communication technology. Wait.
  • the main purpose of the embodiments of the present disclosure is to extract the wireless features of the target environment by the positioning device when the user terminal of the target environment needs to be located, and then determine the target environment specifically based on the extracted wireless features.
  • the environment or the outdoor environment is selected according to the determined target environment, and the corresponding positioning algorithm is used to locate the user terminal in the target environment, so that the actual positioning algorithm is suitable for the environment where the user terminal is located, thereby improving terminal positioning accuracy. the goal of.
  • the primary point of implementation of the embodiments of the present disclosure is to distinguish whether the target environment is an indoor environment or an outdoor environment. Therefore, it is particularly important to extract effective feature information that distinguishes indoor and outdoor environments.
  • the wireless features extracted by the wireless feature extraction module 10 include multipath features of the wireless channel, and the multipath feature is used as an important parameter to distinguish between indoor and outdoor.
  • the wireless feature extraction module 10 transmits the extracted multipath feature to the indoor/outdoor decision module 20, and the indoor/outdoor decision module 20 determines the current environment of the user terminal.
  • two experimental scenarios are set for verification, which are the indoor scenes shown in FIG. 2, specifically corridor coverage, the user terminal is at the far end of the base station antenna; and the outdoor scene shown in FIG. Specifically, it covers the urban area, the user terminal is in motion, and there are many scatterers in surrounding buildings and trees.
  • FIGS. 4 and 5 are obtained by extracting multipath features from the indoor scene shown in FIG. 2 and the outdoor scene shown in FIG. 3, respectively.
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of multipath characteristics of indoor scene extraction
  • FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of multipath characteristics of outdoor scene extraction.
  • the outdoor environment has more detachable multipath components than the indoor environment, and the indoor environment more reflects the large power component or the direct path component. Therefore, in some embodiments of the present disclosure, features related to multipath components (such as delay spread, tap maximum power point position, maximum delay, etc.) are used as a key wireless feature to distinguish between indoor and outdoor environments, and can effectively implement indoors. Judgment of the external environment.
  • the indoor/outdoor decision module 20 transmits the decision result to the functional response module 30 after determining that the target environment is an indoor environment or an outdoor environment.
  • the function response module 30 After receiving the decision result transmitted by the indoor/outdoor decision module 20, the function response module 30 performs positioning by using a targeted positioning algorithm according to the target environment, so as to achieve the purpose of improving the positioning accuracy.
  • the satellite positioning algorithm may be selected to perform a positioning operation on the user terminal in the target environment, such as using GPS positioning;
  • the ground network positioning algorithm may be selected to perform the positioning operation, such as using Wi-Fi positioning.
  • step S30 includes: determining the use of the current positioning operation; The positioning algorithm matching the positioning purpose in the positioning algorithm corresponding to the determined target environment performs a positioning operation.
  • the function response module 30 is further configured to determine the use of the current positioning operation; and perform a positioning operation by using a positioning algorithm matching the positioning use in the positioning algorithm corresponding to the determined target environment.
  • the positioning operation of the user terminal usually has a certain purpose, such as providing high-precision positioning, providing related data and the like.
  • the function response module 30 first determines the use of the current positioning operation, and then, after determining the usage, performs a positioning operation using a positioning algorithm that matches the positioning purpose in the positioning algorithm corresponding to the determined target environment.
  • the function response module 30 uses a GPS positioning algorithm to locate the user terminal of the determined outdoor environment. For the user terminal of the determined indoor environment, the function response module 30 adopts Wi-Fi. The positioning algorithm locates it.
  • the function response module 30 uses a network-based triangulation algorithm to locate the user terminal of the determined outdoor environment.
  • the wireless feature of the target environment is extracted, and then the target wireless environment is determined to be an indoor environment or an outdoor environment based on the extracted wireless feature, and the corresponding positioning algorithm is selected according to the determined target environment.
  • the user terminal in the environment performs the positioning operation, so that the actual positioning algorithm is suitable for the environment in which the user terminal is located, thereby achieving the purpose of improving the positioning accuracy of the terminal.
  • step S20 includes: calculating a decision factor according to a preset algorithm, and a weight corresponding to each of the multipath feature and the unit distance fading feature; determining whether the calculated decision factor is greater than or equal to a preset threshold. In some embodiments, when the calculated decision factor is greater than or equal to the preset threshold, the target environment is determined to be an outdoor environment, otherwise the target environment is determined to be an indoor environment.
  • the indoor distance environment of the wireless channel is also used for the indoor and outdoor environment. Judgment.
  • step S10 includes: performing frequency domain channel estimation on the radio channel of the target environment, and performing inverse Fourier transform on the obtained frequency domain channel response to obtain a detection sequence of the time domain impulse response; After the sequence is subjected to noise reduction and interference reduction processing, the multipath feature is separated by a preset detection algorithm.
  • the wireless feature extraction module 10 When extracting the multipath feature, the wireless feature extraction module 10 performs frequency domain channel estimation on the wireless channel of the target environment, and performs inverse Fourier transform on the obtained frequency domain channel response to obtain a detection sequence of the time domain impulse response; After the detection sequence is subjected to noise reduction and interference reduction processing, the multipath feature is separated by a preset detection algorithm.
  • the wireless feature extraction module 10 performs noise reduction and interference reduction processing on the detection sequence, and adopts a reasonable detection algorithm for the inherent characteristics of the channel to extract effective multipath features, for example, multipath. Delay extension.
  • the wireless feature extraction module 10 transmits the extracted multipath feature and the unit distance fading feature to the indoor/outdoor decision module 20.
  • the indoor/outdoor decision module 20 is further configured to calculate a decision factor according to a preset algorithm, and a weight corresponding to each of the multipath feature and the unit distance fading feature, and calculate the determined factor and the preset threshold. That is, it compares with the preset indoor and outdoor feature thresholds, and then determines whether the user terminal is currently in an indoor environment or an outdoor environment.
  • the positioning method further includes: obtaining user load distribution information within the coverage according to the location information of each user terminal obtained by the positioning, to perform a corresponding network optimization operation.
  • the function response module 30 obtains the user load distribution information in the coverage area according to the location information of each user terminal obtained by the positioning, and performs corresponding network optimization operations.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of user distribution. As shown in FIG. 6, it is determined that the location information of each user terminal obtained by positioning in a coverage of a macro station NodeB determines that the user is concentrated in the A area and the B area, thereby determining the user load of the A area and the B area. Heavy, other areas are lighter. Then, in the specific system optimization, the A area and the B area can be optimized in a targeted manner. For example, adding HetNet or networking to the Small Cell mode in the A area, sharing the user load of the macro station, thereby loading The role of equalization; and the addition of Relay in the B area, thereby improving the quality of service of the edge users.
  • an embodiment of the present disclosure further provides a computer readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program, when the program is executed by a processor, causing the processor to perform at least steps S10 to S30 One or more.
  • the storage medium may include, for example, a read only memory ROM/random access memory RAM, a magnetic disk, an optical disk, and a USB flash drive.

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Abstract

本公开提供了一种定位方法和定位装置。所述定位方法包括：通过基站提取目标环境的无线特征；基于提取的所述无线特征，确定目标环境为室外环境或为室内环境；以及采用确定的目标环境所对应的定位算法，对目标环境内的用户终端进行定位操作。

Description

定位方法及装置 技术领域
本发明涉及终端技术领域，尤其涉及一种定位方法及装置。
背景技术
随着数据业务的快速增加，移动通讯用户对定位与导航的需求日益增大，蜂窝网络无线定位技术能够在移动台处于连接状态的情况下获取其地理位置等信息。利用移动台的定位信息，运营商可以向用户提供各种增值业务，如位置环境信息查询、紧急救援、汽车导航、智能交通、团队管理、广告咨询发布等；同时还可以作为移动通信网络运行、维护和管理的辅助数据。
现有无线定位技术可分为基于卫星的定位技术、基于地面网络的定位技术以及混合定位技术，其中基于地面网络的定位技术又可以细分为基站物理ID的定位、基于时间的定位、到达角(Angle-of-Arrival，AOA)定位技术和无线指纹定位技术等。
发明内容
一方面，本公开提供一种定位方法，该定位方法包括：通过基站提取目标环境的无线特征；基于提取的所述无线特征，确定目标环境为室外环境或为室内环境；采用确定的目标环境所对应的定位算法，对目标环境内的用户终端进行定位操作。
另一方面，本公开还提供一种定位装置，应用于用户终端，该定位装置包括：无线特征提取模块，配置为提取目标环境的无线特征；室内室外判决模块，配置为基于提取的所述无线特征，确定目标环境为室外环境或为室内环境；功能响应模块，配置为采用确定的目标环境所对应的定位算法，对目标环境内的用户终端进行定位操作。
另一方面，本公开还提供了一种计算机可读存储介质，其上存储有程序，当所述程序由计算机执行时，使得所述计算机执行本文所述的定位方法的一个或多个步骤。
附图说明
此处所说明的附图用来提供对本公开的进一步理解，构成本申请的一部分，本公开的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本公开，并不构成对本公开的不当限定。在附图中：
图1为本公开的一些实施例中的定位装置的模块示意图；
图2为本公开的一些实施例中的室内场景示意图；
图3为本公开的一些实施例中的室外场景示意图；
图4为本公开的一些实施例中的室内场景提取的多径特征示例图；
图5为本公开的一些实施例中的室外场景提取的多径特征示例图；
图6为本公开的一些实施例中的用户分布示意图；以及
图7为本公开的一些实施例中的定位方法的流程示意图。
具体实施方式
本发明目的的实现、功能特点及优点将结合实施例，参照附图做进一步说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。
相关的无线定位技术可分为基于卫星的定位技术、基于地面网络的定位技术以及混合定位技术。基于地面网络的定位技术又可以细分为基站物理ID的定位、基于时间的定位、到达角定位技术和无线指纹定位技术等。
但是，基于地面网络的部分定位技术在用户定位上表现不太理想，通常表现为定位精度不高；而以GPS为代表的卫星定位技术的优势主要体现在定位精度高，缺点在于定位覆盖有限，室内用户可见的卫星较少，因此卫星定位技术很难针对室内用户进行有效定位。
因此，本公开特别提供了一种定位方法和定位装置，其实质上避免了由于相关技术的缺陷和限制所导致的问题中的一个或多个。
在一方面，本公开提供一种定位装置。在一些实施例中，所述 定位装置包括：无线特征提取模块，配置为提取目标环境的无线特征；室内室外判决模块，配置为基于提取的所述无线特征，确定目标环境为室外环境或为室内环境；以及功能响应模块，配置为采用确定的目标环境所对应的定位算法，对目标环境内的用户终端进行定位操作。
图1为本公开的一些实施例中的定位装置的模块示意图。
参照图1，在一些实施例中，所述定位装置包括：无线特征提取模块10，配置为提取目标环境的无线特征；室内室外判决模块20，配置为基于提取的无线特征，确定目标环境为室外环境或为室内环境；以及功能响应模块30，配置为采用确定的目标环境所对应的定位算法，对目标环境内的用户终端进行定位操作。
需要说明的是，本公开提供的定位装置基于基站运行。这里，所述基站可以为不同移动通信技术的基站，例如第二代移动通信技术的基站“BS(Base Station)”、第三代移动通信技术的基站“NodeB”、第三代移动通信技术的基站“EnodeB(Evolved Node B)”等。这里，需要强调的是，本公开的实施例的主旨在于当需要对目标环境的用户终端定位时，由定位装置对目标环境的无线特征进行提取，进而基于提取的无线特征判决目标环境具体为室内环境或为室外环境，根据确定的目标环境选择相应的定位算法对目标环境内的用户终端进行定位操作，使得实际采用的定位算法是适于用户终端所处环境的，从而达到提高终端定位精确度的目的。
基于前述描述，本领域技术人员容易理解的是，本公开的实施例实施的首要环节就是区分目标环境为室内环境还是室外环境。因此提取有效的区分室内外环境的特征信息就格外重要。为此，在一些实施例中，无线特征提取模块10提取的无线特征包括无线信道的多径特征，并且将多径特征作为区分室内室外的一个重要参数。
在一些实施例中，在提取到多径特征之后，无线特征提取模块10将提取到的多径特征传输至室内室外判决模块20，由室内室外判决模块20对用户终端当前所处环境进行判决。
发明人通过研究发现，室外环境多径分量丰富且时延扩展较大，而室内环境的多径分布较之更加复杂，但由于室内传播空间有限，多 径杂散且相对集中，时延扩展小，并将此作为判决室内外环境的约束条件。但是，本公开对用于判决的各多径特征的门限数值不做具体限制。
下面，以LTE 20M带宽为例，设置两个实验场景进行验证，分别为图2所示的室内场景，具体为走廊覆盖，用户终端处于基站天线的远端；以及图3所示的室外场景，具体为城区覆盖，用户终端处于运动状态，周围建筑物，树木等散射体较多。
通过分别对图2所示室内场景和图3所示室外场景进行多径特征的提取，得到图4以及图5所示的提取结果。图4为室内场景提取的多径特征示例图；图5为室外场景提取的多径特征示例图。结合参照图4以及图5，可以看出，室外环境比室内环境有更丰富的可分离的多径分量，而室内环境更多的体现出功率大的径分量或直射径分量。因此，本公开的一些实施例中，将与多径分量相关的特征(如时延扩展，抽头最大功率点位置，最大时延等)作为区分室内外环境的一个关键无线特征，能够有效实现室内外环境的判决。
在一些实施例中，在判决出目标环境为室内环境或是室外环境之后，室内室外判决模块20将判决结果传输至功能响应模块30。
在接收到室内室外判决模块20传输的判决结果之后，功能响应模块30根据目标环境采用针对性的定位算法进行定位，以达到提高定位精确度的目的。例如，功能响应模块30接收到室内室外判决模块20传输的判决结果为“目标环境为室外环境”时，可选择卫星定位算法对目标环境内的用户终端进行定位操作，如采用GPS定位；又例如，功能响应模块30接收到室内室外判决模块20传输的判决结果为“目标环境为室内环境”时，可选择地面网络定位算法进行定位操作，如采用Wi-Fi定位。
在本公开实施例中，为提升定位结果的利用率，在选择定位算法时，还考虑定位的实际用途。在本公开的一些实施例中，功能响应模块30还配置为确定当前定位操作的用途；以及采用确定的目标环境所对应的定位算法中的与定位用途匹配的定位算法进行定位操作。
容易理解的是，用户终端进行定位操作通常具有一定的目的性， 比如为了提供高精度的定位，提供相关数据等。有鉴于此，在本公开的实施例中，在根据室内室外环境选择有针对性的算法实现定位操作的基础上，还考虑定位的实际用途。在一些实施例中，功能响应模块30首先对当前定位操作的用途进行确定，进而在确定用途之后，采用确定的目标环境所对应的定位算法中的与定位用途匹配的定位算法进行定位操作。
例如，当以提高定位精度为目的时，对于判决的室外环境的用户终端，功能响应模块30采用GPS定位算法对其进行定位，对于判决的室内环境的用户终端，功能响应模块30采用Wi-Fi定位算法对其进行定位。
又例如，当以获取相关数据为目的时，对于判决的室外环境的用户终端，功能响应模块30采用基于网络的三角定位算法对其进行定位。
根据本公开的实施例的定位装置，通过对目标环境的无线特征进行提取，进而基于提取的无线特征判决目标环境具体为室内环境或为室外环境，根据确定的目标环境选择相应的定位算法对目标环境内的用户终端进行定位操作，使得实际采用的定位算法是适于用户终端所处环境的，从而达到提高终端定位精确度的目的。
在一些实施例中，提取的无线特征包括无线信道的多径特征和单位距离衰落特征。在一些实施例中，室内室外判决模块20还配置为按照预设算法，以及多径特征和单位距离衰落特征各自对应的权重，计算判决因子；以及判断计算的判决因子是否大于或等于预设门限值。在一些实施例中，在判决因子大于或等于预设门限值时，确定目标环境为室外环境，否则确定目标环境为室内环境。
需要说明的是，考虑到若单纯利用无线信道的多径特征区分室内外环境，将存在一定难度。因此，在本公开的一些实施例中，还利用无线信道的单位距离衰落特征进行室内外环境的判决。
例如，在一些实施例中，首先由无线特征提取模块10提取目标环境的无线特征，例如提取无线信道的多径特征与单位距离的衰落特征。在一些实施例中，在提取多径特征时，无线特征提取模块10对 目标环境的无线信道进行频域信道估计，将得到的频域信道响应经过傅里叶逆变换从而得到时域冲激响应的检测序列；并对得到的检测序列进行降噪和降干扰处理后，采用预设检测算法分离出多径特征。
例如，假设频域信道估计为H(k)，其中k为测量导频个数，经过傅里叶逆变换得到无线信道的时域检测序列h(n)，该检测序列包含了无线信道的时域多径抽头分量信息、噪声和干扰信息等。为了实现有效的抽头与噪声干扰的分离，无线特征提取模块10对检测序列进行降噪和降干扰处理，同时针对信道固有特征采用合理的检测算法，提取出有效的多径特征，例如，多径时延扩展。
在一些实施例中，在提取得到多径特征以及单位距离衰落特征之后，无线特征提取模块10将提取的多径特征以及单位距离衰落特征传输至室内室外判决模块20。
在一些实施例中，室内室外判决模块20还配置为按照预设算法，以及多径特征和单位距离衰落特征各自对应的权重，计算判决因子，并将计算的判决因子与预设门限值，即与预置的室内室外特征门限值进行对比，进而判决目标环境为室内环境或是室外环境。
例如，假设提取的无线特征为多径时延扩展σ τ，单位距离衰落特征为λ pl，则判决因子可以表示为φ＝f(σ τ,λ pl)，预设判决门限值thr，当φ≥thr时判决为室外环境，φ＜thr时判决为室内环境。
在一些实施例中，功能响应模块30还配置为根据定位得到的各用户终端的位置信息，获得覆盖范围内的用户负载分布信息，以进行相应的网优操作。
需要说明的是，在网络建设初期由于不知道其覆盖内的用户负载分布，***优化往往需要实地勘察确定负载分布，费时费力。现有无线网络的优化方法虽然可以通过网管获取用户负载信息(但只知道负载的轻重)，但是没法确定该区域的用户负载的分布信息(不知道哪里的负载重，哪里的负载轻)，因此不能针对具体的负载分布实施具体的网络配置。而准确的用户定位信息可以获取用户负载的区域分布，针对不同的负载分布采取不同的覆盖方式，从而极大的改善***优化效果。
为提升***优化效果，在本公开实施例中，功能响应模块30具体根据定位得到的各用户终端的位置信息，获得覆盖范围内的用户负载分布信息，进行相应的网优操作。
图6为用户分布示意图。如附图6所示，假设某宏站NodeB的覆盖内，通过定位得到的各用户终端的位置信息，确定了用户大量集中在A区域和B区域，从而可确定A区域和B区域的用户负载重，其他区域负载较轻。那么，在具体的***优化中就可以有针对性的对A区域和B区域进行优化，比如，在A区域增加异构网络(HetNet)或组网为小站(Small Cell)的模式，分担宏站的用户负载，从而起到负载均衡的作用；而在B区域增加中继(Relay)，从而提升边缘用户的服务质量。
另一方面，本公开还提供一种定位方法，例如由图1所示的定位装置执行。下面，以所述定位方法由图1中所示的定位装置进行执行为例进行说明。
在一些实施例中，所述定位方法包括以下步骤：通过基站提取目标环境的无线特征；基于提取的所述无线特征，确定目标环境为室外环境或为室内环境；以及采用确定的目标环境所对应的定位算法，对目标环境内的用户终端进行定位操作。
图7为本公开的一些实施例中的定位方法的流程示意图。
参照图7，在本公开的一些实施例中，所述定位方法包括以下步骤S10至步骤S30。
在步骤S10处，通过基站提取目标环境的无线特征。
在步骤S20处，基于提取的无线特征，确定目标环境为室外环境或为室内环境。
在步骤S30处，采用确定的目标环境所对应的定位算法进行定位操作。
需要说明的是，本公开实施例提供的定位方法可以由例如图1所示的定位装置执行，该定位装置基于基站运行。这里，所述基站可以为不同移动通信技术的基站，例如第二代移动通信技术的基站“BS”、第三代移动通信技术的基站“NodeB”、第三代移动通信技术的基站 “EnodeB”等。这里，需要强调的是，本公开的实施例的主旨在于当需要对目标环境的用户终端定位时，由定位装置对目标环境的无线特征进行提取，进而基于提取的无线特征判决目标环境具体为室内环境或为室外环境，根据确定的目标环境选择相应的定位算法对目标环境内的用户终端进行定位操作，使得实际采用的定位算法是适于用户终端所处环境的，从而达到提高终端定位精确度的目的。
基于前述描述，本领域技术人员容易理解的是，本公开的实施例实施的首要环节就是区分目标环境为室内环境还是室外环境，因此提取有效的区分室内外环境的特征信息就格外重要。为此，在一些实施例中，无线特征提取模块10提取的无线特征包括无线信道的多径特征，将多径特征作为区分室内室外的一个重要参数。
在一些实施例中，在提取到多径特征之后，无线特征提取模块10将提取到的多径特征传输至室内室外判决模块20，由室内室外判决模块20对用户终端当前所处环境进行判决。
发明人通过研究发现，室外环境多径分量丰富且时延扩展较大，而室内环境的多径分布较之更加复杂，但由于室内传播空间有限，多径杂散且相对集中，时延扩展小，并将此作为判决室内外环境的约束条件。但是，本公开对用于判决的各多径特征的门限数值不做具体限制。
下面，以LTE 20M带宽为例，设置两个实验场景进行验证，分别为图2所示的室内场景，具体为走廊覆盖，用户终端处于基站天线的远端；以及图3所示的室外场景，具体为城区覆盖，用户终端处于运动状态，周围建筑物，树木等散射体较多。
通过分别对图2所示室内场景和图3所示室外场景进行多径特征的提取，得到图4以及图5所示的提取结果。如上所述，图4为室内场景提取的多径特征示例图；图5为室外场景提取的多径特征示例图。
结合参照图4以及图5，可以看出，室外环境比室内环境有更丰富的可分离的多径分量，而室内环境更多的体现出功率大的径分量或直射径分量。因此，本公开的一些实施例中，将与多径分量相关的特 征(如时延扩展，抽头最大功率点位置，最大时延等)作为区分室内外环境的一个关键无线特征，能够有效实现室内外环境的判决。
在一些实施例中，在判决出目标环境为室内环境或是室外环境之后，室内室外判决模块20将判决结果传输至功能响应模块30。
在接收到室内室外判决模块20传输的判决结果之后，功能响应模块30根据目标环境采用针对性的定位算法进行定位，以达到提高定位精确度的目的。例如，功能响应模块30接收到室内室外判决模块20传输的判决结果为“目标环境为室外环境”时，可选择卫星定位算法对目标环境内的用户终端进行定位操作，如采用GPS定位；又例如，功能响应模块30接收到室内室外判决模块20传输的判决结果为“目标环境为室内环境”时，可选择地面网络定位算法进行定位操作，如采用Wi-Fi定位。
在本公开实施例中，为提升定位结果的利用率，在选择定位算法时，还考虑定位的实际用途，在本公开的一些实施例中，步骤S30包括：确定当前定位操作的用途；以及采用确定的目标环境所对应的定位算法中的与定位用途匹配的定位算法进行定位操作。
在本公开实施例中，功能响应模块30还配置为确定当前定位操作的用途；以及采用确定的目标环境所对应的定位算法中的与定位用途匹配的定位算法进行定位操作。
容易理解的是，用户终端进行定位操作通常具有一定的目的性，比如为了提供高精度的定位，提供相关数据等。有鉴于此，在本公开的实施例中，在根据室内室外环境选择有针对性的算法实现定位操作的基础上，还考虑定位的实际用途。在一些实施例中，功能响应模块30首先对当前定位操作的用途进行确定，进而在确定用途之后，采用确定的目标环境所对应的定位算法中的与定位用途匹配的定位算法进行定位操作。
例如，当以提高定位精度为目的时，对于判决的室外环境的用户终端，功能响应模块30采用GPS定位算法对其进行定位，对于判决的室内环境的用户终端，功能响应模块30采用Wi-Fi定位算法对其进行定位。
又例如，当以获取相关数据为目的时，对于判决的室外环境的用户终端，功能响应模块30采用基于网络的三角定位算法对其进行定位。
根据本公开的实施例的定位方法，通过对目标环境的无线特征进行提取，进而基于提取的无线特征判决目标环境具体为室内环境或为室外环境，根据确定的目标环境选择相应的定位算法对目标环境内的用户终端进行定位操作，使得实际采用的定位算法是适于用户终端所处环境的，从而达到提高终端定位精确度的目的。
在一些实施例中，提取的无线特征包括无线信道的多径特征和单位距离衰落特征。在一些实施例中，步骤S20包括：按照预设算法，以及多径特征和单位距离衰落特征各自对应的权重，计算判决因子；判断计算的判决因子是否大于或等于预设门限值。在一些实施例中，在计算的判决因子大于或等于预设门限值时，确定目标环境为室外环境，否则确定目标环境为室内环境。
需要说明的是，考虑到若单纯利用无线信道的多径特征区分室内外环境，将存在一定难度，因此，在本公开的一些实施例中，还利用无线信道的单位距离衰落特征进行室内外环境的判决。
例如，在具体实施时，首先由无线特征提取模块10提取目标环境的无线特征，例如提取无线信道的多径特征与单位距离的衰落特征。在一些实施例中，步骤S10包括：对目标环境的无线信道进行频域信道估计，将得到的频域信道响应经过傅里叶逆变换从而得到时域冲激响应的检测序列；对得到的检测序列进行降噪和降干扰处理后，采用预设检测算法分离出多径特征。
在提取多径特征时，无线特征提取模块10对目标环境的无线信道进行频域信道估计，将得到的频域信道响应经过傅里叶逆变换从而得到时域冲激响应的检测序列；并对检测序列进行降噪和降干扰处理后，采用预设检测算法分离出多径特征。
例如，假设频域信道估计为H(k)，其中k为测量导频个数，经过傅里叶逆变换得到无线信道的时域检测序列h(n)，该检测序列包含了无线信道的时域多径抽头分量信息、噪声和干扰信息等。为了实现 有效的抽头与噪声干扰的分离，无线特征提取模块10对检测序列进行降噪和降干扰处理，同时针对信道固有特征采用合理的检测算法，提取出有效的多径特征，例如，多径时延扩展。
在一些实施例中，在提取得到多径特征以及单位距离衰落特征之后，无线特征提取模块10将提取的多径特征以及单位距离衰落特征传输至室内室外判决模块20。
在一些实施例中，室内室外判决模块20还配置为按照预设算法，以及多径特征和单位距离衰落特征各自对应的权重，计算判决因子，并将计算的判决因子与预设门限值，即与预置的室内室外特征门限值进行对比，进而判决用户终端当前所处为室内环境或是室外环境。
例如，假设提取的无线特征为多径时延扩展σ τ，单位距离衰落特征为λ pl，则判决因子可以表示为φ＝f(σ τ,λ pl)，预设判决门限值thr，当φ≥thr时判决为室外环境，φ＜thr时判决为室内环境。
在一些实施例中，步骤S30之后，所述定位方法还包括：根据定位得到的各用户终端的位置信息，获得覆盖范围内的用户负载分布信息，以进行相应的网优操作。
需要说明的是，在网络建设初期由于不知道其覆盖内的用户负载分布，***优化往往需要实地勘察确定负载分布，费时费力。现有无线网络的优化方法虽然可以通过网管获取用户负载信息(但只知道负载的轻重)，但是没法确定该区域的用户负载的分布信息(不知道哪里的负载重，哪里的负载轻)，因此不能针对具体的负载分布实施具体的网络配置。而准确的用户定位信息可以获取用户负载的区域分布，针对不同的负载分布采取不同的覆盖方式，从而极大的改善***优化效果。
为提升***优化效果，在本公开实施例中，功能响应模块30具体根据定位得到的各用户终端的位置信息，获得覆盖范围内的用户负载分布信息，进行相应的网优操作。
如上所述，图6为用户分布示意图。如附图6所示，假设某宏站NodeB的覆盖内，通过定位得到的各用户终端的位置信息，确定了用户大量集中在A区域和B区域，从而可确定A区域和B区域的用户 负载重，其他区域负载较轻。那么，在具体的***优化中就可以有针对性的对A区域和B区域进行优化，比如，在A区域增加HetNet或组网为Small Cell的模式，分担宏站的用户负载，从而起到负载均衡的作用；而在B区域增加Relay，从而提升边缘用户的服务质量。
本领域普通技术人员可以理解，实现上述实施例方法中的全部或部分步骤是可以通过程序来指令相关的硬件来完成，所述的程序可以存储于计算机可读取存储介质中，该程序在执行时，使得相关的硬件至少执行例如上述步骤S10至步骤S30中的一个或多个。
因此，在另一方面，本公开实施例还提供了一种计算机可读存储介质，其上存储有计算机程序，该程序被处理器执行时，使得所述处理器至少执行步骤S10至步骤S30中的一个或多个。所述存储介质例如可以包括只读存储器ROM/随机存取存储器RAM、磁碟、光盘、U盘。
以上仅为本发明的实施例的一部分，其旨在示出本发明的原理，而非限制本发明的保护范围。凡是利用本说明书及附图内容所作的等效结构或等效流程变换，或直接或间接运用在其他相关的技术领域，均同理包括在本发明的保护范围内。

Claims (11)

  1. 一种定位方法，包括以下步骤：
    通过基站提取目标环境的无线特征；
    基于提取的所述无线特征，确定目标环境为室外环境或为室内环境；以及
    采用确定的目标环境所对应的定位算法，对目标环境内的用户终端进行定位操作。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的定位方法，其中，提取的无线特征包括无线信道的多径特征和单位距离衰落特征，并且所述基于提取的所述无线特征，确定目标环境为室外环境或为室内环境的步骤包括：
    按照预设算法，以及多径特征和单位距离衰落特征各自对应的权重，计算判决因子；以及
    判断所述判决因子是否大于或等于预设门限值，
    其中，在所述判决因子大于或等于所述预设门限值时，确定目标环境为室外环境，否则确定目标环境为室内环境。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的定位方法，其中，所述提取目标环境的无线特征的步骤包括：
    对目标环境的无线信道进行频域信道估计，将得到的频域信道响应经过傅里叶逆变换从而得到时域冲激响应的检测序列；以及
    对所述检测序列进行降噪和降干扰处理后，采用预设检测算法分离出多径特征。
  4. 根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的定位方法，其中，所述采用确定的目标环境所对应的定位算法，对目标环境内的用户终端进行定位操作的步骤包括：
    确定当前定位操作的用途；以及
    采用确定的目标环境所对应的定位算法中的与定位用途匹配的 定位算法进行定位操作。
  5. 根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的定位方法，其中，在所述采用确定的目标环境所对应的定位算法，对目标环境内的用户终端进行定位操作的步骤之后，所述方法还包括：
    根据定位得到的各用户终端的位置信息，获得覆盖范围内的用户负载分布信息，以进行相应的网优操作。
  6. 一种定位装置，应用于基站，所述定位装置包括：
    无线特征提取模块，配置为提取目标环境的无线特征；
    室内室外判决模块，配置为基于提取的所述无线特征，确定目标环境为室外环境或为室内环境；以及
    功能响应模块，配置为采用确定的目标环境所对应的定位算法，对目标环境内的用户终端进行定位操作。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的定位装置，其中，提取的无线特征包括无线信道的多径特征和单位距离衰落特征，并且所述室内室外判决模块还配置为：
    按照预设算法，以及多径特征和单位距离衰落特征各自对应的权重，计算判决因子；以及
    判断所述判决因子是否大于或等于预设门限值，
    其中，在所述判决因子大于或等于所述预设门限值时，确定目标环境为室外环境，否则确定目标环境为室内环境。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的定位装置，其中，所述无线特征提取模块还配置为：
    对目标环境的无线信道进行频域信道估计，将得到的频域信道响应经过傅里叶逆变换从而得到时域冲激响应的检测序列；以及
    对所述检测序列进行降噪和降干扰处理后，采用预设检测算法分离出多径特征。
  9. 根据权利要求6-8中任一项所述的定位装置，其中，所述功能响应模块还配置为：
    确定当前定位操作的用途；以及
    采用确定的目标环境所对应的定位算法中的与定位用途匹配的定位算法进行定位操作。
  10. 根据权利要求6-8中任一项所述的定位装置，其中，所述功能响应模块还配置为：
    根据定位得到的各用户终端的位置信息，获得覆盖范围内的用户负载分布信息，以进行相应的网优操作。
  11. 一种计算机可读存储介质，其上存储有程序，当所述程序由计算机执行时，使得所述计算机执行权利要求1至5中任一项所述的定位方法。
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