WO2018214426A1 - 一种Ka波段同轴波导内空间功率分配/合成器 - Google Patents

一种Ka波段同轴波导内空间功率分配/合成器 Download PDF

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WO2018214426A1
WO2018214426A1 PCT/CN2017/111887 CN2017111887W WO2018214426A1 WO 2018214426 A1 WO2018214426 A1 WO 2018214426A1 CN 2017111887 W CN2017111887 W CN 2017111887W WO 2018214426 A1 WO2018214426 A1 WO 2018214426A1
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coaxial waveguide
waveguide
input
coaxial
rectangular
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褚庆昕
何殷健
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华南理工大学
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P5/00—Coupling devices of the waveguide type
    • H01P5/12—Coupling devices having more than two ports

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  • the invention relates to the technical field of spatial power synthesis in the microwave frequency band, in particular to a Ka-band coaxial waveguide internal space power distribution/synthesizer.
  • the power of the transmitter determines the range and anti-interference ability of the whole system.
  • the high power amplifier is an indispensable key part of the transmitter. Since a single semiconductor solid-state device has a reduced size and a reduced power capacity in the microwave frequency band, its output power has been difficult to meet the needs of wireless communication electronic systems. Therefore, a power synthesis network method is used to obtain a high-power signal output.
  • the key to power synthesis technology is to realize multi-channel, low-loss, wide-band, high-isolation, high-balance power distribution/synthesis networks.
  • the radial power distribution/synthesizer has been a hot research topic because it can realize multi-channel power equal-phase in-phase distribution at one time.
  • the radial synthesis amplifier has less loss and higher efficiency with respect to the binary structure under the same number of synthesis paths.
  • the number of synthesized channels of the space power synthesizer in the coaxial waveguide is radially distributed, and the power synthesis can be realized directly in the coaxial waveguide, which is more compact and more efficient than the general radial power combiner.
  • Pengcheng Jia et al. published an article entitled “Multioctave Spatial Power Combining in Oversized Coaxial Waveguide” at TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES, which features a 32-way fin array placed in an extended coaxial waveguide. Realize the allocation/synthesis of multi-channel space power.
  • the space power synthesis structure has a wide bandwidth and a compact structure, and is one of the focuses of power synthesis technology research.
  • the object of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide a Ka-band coaxial waveguide internal space power distribution/synthesizer, which has the characteristics of wide working frequency band, low insertion loss, compact size and easy structure.
  • a Ka-band coaxial waveguide internal space power distribution/synthesizer including a rectangular waveguide-coaxial waveguide TEM mode mode converter for feeding, input coaxial a waveguide and an array of sixteen or more tapered slot line antennas disposed within the input coaxial waveguide, the rectangular waveguide-coaxial waveguide TEM mode mode converter comprising RB branch power based on input rectangular waveguides sequentially connected a split four-way power distribution network, a mode switching section, a circular waveguide-coaxial waveguide transition section, and an output coaxial waveguide, wherein the output coaxial waveguide of the rectangular waveguide-coaxial waveguide TEM mode converter Connected to an input coaxial waveguide for inputting a coaxial waveguide signal, the array of tapered slot antennas in the input coaxial waveguide is connected to the microstrip for coupling signals in the coaxial waveguide, and finally Output through the microstrip.
  • the one-way four-way power distribution network includes a two-stage HT branch power splitter, wherein two output ends of the first-stage HT branch power splitter are connected to the second-stage HT branch power splitter via two E-plane 90° corners. .
  • the gradient slot line antenna is a planar broadband antenna fabricated by using a double-sided copper-clad dielectric board.
  • the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
  • the present invention proposes a coaxial waveguide internal space power distribution/synthesizer operating in the Ka-band, which has a more compact structure than a conventional binary structure, a traveling wave structure, and a radial structure power distribution/synthesizer. , more efficient synthesis characteristics.
  • the invention adopts all-metal waveguide feeding, avoiding feeding by SMA connector, thereby avoiding the difficulty of designing small size, difficulty in impedance transformation design and high processing precision due to high frequency.
  • the full waveguide structure can reduce losses and improve heat dissipation characteristics.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the overall structure of a space power distribution/synthesizer of a Ka-band coaxial waveguide according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a one-way four-way power distribution network based on an H-T branch power splitter.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing a combined structure of a mode conversion section, a circular waveguide-coaxial waveguide transition section, and an output coaxial waveguide in a rectangular waveguide-coaxial waveguide TEM mode mode converter.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an input coaxial waveguide with an array built therein.
  • Figure 5 is a front elevational view of a tapered slot antenna.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic view of the reverse side of the gradient slot antenna.
  • the Ka-band coaxial waveguide internal space power distribution/synthesizer includes a rectangular waveguide-coaxial waveguide TEM mode mode converter for feeding, and an input coaxial The waveguide 21 and an array of sixteen or more tapered slot antennas 22 disposed in the input coaxial waveguide 21, the rectangular waveguide-coaxial waveguide TEM mode converter 1 is connected to the input rectangular waveguide 11 in sequence a one-way four-way power distribution network 12, a mode conversion section 13, a circular waveguide-coaxial waveguide transition section 14, and an output coaxial waveguide 15 based on an HT branch power splitter, wherein the rectangular waveguide-coaxial waveguide TEM
  • the output coaxial waveguide of the mode mode converter 1 is coupled to an input coaxial waveguide 21 for inputting a coaxial waveguide signal, an array of progressive slot line antennas 22 in the input coaxial waveguide 21
  • a microstrip is connected for coupling the signals in the coaxial waveguide and finally outputting through the microstrip.
  • the gradation slot line antenna 22 is a planar wide-band antenna made of a double-sided copper-clad dielectric board, and the most basic type is a conventional Vivaldi antenna.
  • the one-way four-way power distribution network 12 includes a two-stage HT branch power splitter.
  • the two output ends of the first-stage HT branch power splitter 121 pass through two E-face 90° corners 122 and A secondary HT branch power splitter is connected, a first stage HT branch power splitter 121 is used for basic power allocation, and an E-plane 90° corner 122 is used to connect the first stage HT branch power splitter and the second stage HT branch power split. To reduce the overall size.
  • the shaded portion of the figure is the metal face of the tapered slot antenna 22, and the fan end 221 is used to improve the feed coupling and increase the bandwidth.
  • the shaded portion of the figure is the feeding metal surface of the microstrip, and the quarter-wavelength impedance converter 222 is used for impedance matching, and can be replaced by an impedance transformer such as a gradual microstrip line, and the microstrip output port 223 is used. The output of the signal.
  • the Ka-band coaxial waveguide internal space power distribution/synthesizer inputs a signal through the input rectangular waveguide 11 when used as a power divider, and the rectangular waveguide-coaxial waveguide TEM mode converter 1 has a rectangular waveguide TE 10 mode.
  • the signal is converted into a coaxial waveguide TEM mode signal, and by using the rotational symmetry characteristic of the TEM mode signal, sixteen or more gradient slot antennas 22 are placed in the input coaxial waveguide 21, and the sixteen or more gradient slot antennas are placed.
  • the line antennas 22 form an array, and the TEM mode signal energy is coupled to the array and then converted to the microstrip output to be connected to the active amplifier to achieve sixteen power distribution.
  • the Ka-band coaxial waveguide internal space power distribution/synthesizer is used as a power combiner, it is the inverse process described above.

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种Ka波段同轴波导内空间功率分配/合成器，包括矩形波导-同轴波导TEM模模式转换器、输入同轴波导以及置于该输入同轴波导内的由十六片或以上渐变槽线天线组成的阵列，矩形波导-同轴波导TEM模模式转换器由依次相连的输入矩形波导、基于H-T分支功率分配器的一分四路功率分配网络、模式转换段、圆波导-同轴波导过渡段、输出同轴波导组成，矩形波导-同轴波导TEM模模式转换器的输出同轴波导与输入同轴波导相连，所述输入同轴波导用于同轴波导信号的输入，该输入同轴波导内的渐变槽线天线组成的阵列连接微带，用于耦合同轴波导内信号，最终通过微带输出。本发明具有较宽的工作频带、低插损，尺寸紧凑、结构容易实现的特点。

Description

一种Ka波段同轴波导内空间功率分配/合成器 技术领域
本发明涉及微波频段空间功率合成的技术领域，尤其是指一种Ka波段同轴波导内空间功率分配/合成器。
背景技术
在微波通信***中，发射机功率的大小决定了整个***的作用距离和抗干扰能力，高功率放大器是发射机中必不可少的关键部分。由于单个半导体固态器件在微波频段尺寸减小、功率容量下降，其输出功率已经难以满足无线通信电子***的需求，因此人们采用功率合成网络的方法获得大功率的信号输出。
功率合成技术的关键是实现多路数、低损耗、宽频带、高隔离度、高平衡性的功率分配/合成网络。径向功率分配/合成器由于其能一次实现多路功率等幅同相分配，因而一直是人们研究的热点。另外，在相同的合成路数下，径向合成放大器相对于二进制结构损耗更少，效率更高。而同轴波导内空间功率合成器合成路数呈径向分布，能直接在同轴波导内实现功率的合成，相对于一般径向功率合成器具有更紧凑，效率更高的特点。
2008年，Dirk I.L.de Villiers等人在TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVETHEORY AND TECHNIQUES上发表了题为“Design of Conical Transmission LinePower Combiners Using Tapered Line Matching Sections”的文章，该结构采用同轴SMA连接头进行信号的输入和输出，其径向波导呈圆锥形状，能有效大大增加工作带宽。该结构在X波段能达到47％相对带宽，但输出端口的匹配和隔离较差，且该结构存在加工的复杂性，若要将该结构应用于毫米波段讲存在较大困难。
在2009年，宋开军等人在TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORYAND TECHNIQUES上发表了题为“Planar Probe Coaxial-Waveguide Power  Combiner/Divider”的文章，其使用同轴SMA连接头输入信号，信号经过扩展同轴波导传输准TEM模，最后经波导-微带线转换输出。该结构优点在于设计简单，整体紧凑；其缺点是该结构属于谐振型结构，输出端口没有加入隔离电阻，端口的隔离和匹配比较差，另外，随着频段变高，微带结构损耗会越来越大。
在2002年，Pengcheng Jia等人在TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES上发表了题为“Multioctave Spatial Power Combining in Oversized Coaxial Waveguide”的文章，该结构特点为在扩展同轴波导内放置32路鳍线阵列，实现多路空间功率的分配/合成。空间功率合成结构带宽宽，结构紧凑，是功率合成技术研究的重点之一。
目前，由于毫米波卫星通信得到快速发展，工作于Ka波段的功率合成放大器得到广泛研究，一种尺寸紧凑的空间功率分配/合成器具有重大的研究价值。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术的不足，提供了一种Ka波段同轴波导内空间功率分配/合成器，具有较宽的工作频带、低插损，尺寸紧凑、结构容易实现的特点。
为实现上述目的，本发明所提供的技术方案为：一种Ka波段同轴波导内空间功率分配/合成器，包括用于馈电的矩形波导-同轴波导TEM模模式转换器、输入同轴波导以及置于该输入同轴波导内的由十六片或以上渐变槽线天线组成的阵列，所述矩形波导-同轴波导TEM模模式转换器由依次相连的输入矩形波导、基于H-T分支功率分配器的一分四路功率分配网络、模式转换段、圆波导-同轴波导过渡段、输出同轴波导组成，其中，所述矩形波导-同轴波导TEM模模式转换器的输出同轴波导与输入同轴波导相连，所述输入同轴波导用于同轴波导信号的输入，该输入同轴波导内的渐变槽线天线组成的阵列连接微带，用于耦合同轴波导内信号，最终通过微带输出。
所述一分四路功率分配网络包括两级H-T分支功率分配器，其中第一级H-T分支功率分配器的两路输出端经过两个E面90°拐角与第二级H-T分支功率分配器相连。
所述渐变槽线天线为采用双面覆铜介质板制作的平面宽带天线。
本发明与现有技术相比，具有如下优点与有益效果：
1、本发明提出一种在Ka波段工作的同轴波导内空间功率分配/合成器，相比于传统二进制结构、行波结构、径向结构的功率分配/合成器，本发明具有结构更紧凑、合成效率更高的特性。
2、本发明采用全金属波导馈电，避免采用SMA连接器馈电，从而避免由于高频带来结构尺寸小，阻抗变换设计难，加工精度要求高等难点。同时全波导结构能减少损耗，提高的散热特性。
3、本发明采用的矩形波导-同轴波导TEM模模式转换器，其中第一级H-T分支功率分配的两路输出端经过两个E面90°拐角与第二级H-T分支功率分配器相连，减少了直接采用一个H面90°拐角时的整体尺寸，使总体更为紧凑。
附图说明
图1为本发明所述Ka波段同轴波导内空间功率分配/合成器的整体结构示意图。
图2为基于H-T分支功率分配器的一分四路功率分配网络示意图。
图3为矩形波导-同轴波导TEM模模式转换器中模式转换段、圆波导-同轴波导过渡段和输出同轴波导的组合结构示意图。
图4为内置有阵列的输入同轴波导示意图。
图5为渐变槽线天线的正面示意图。
图6为渐变槽线天线的反面示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步说明。
参见图1至图4所示，本实施例所提供的Ka波段同轴波导内空间功率分配/合成器，包括用于馈电的矩形波导-同轴波导TEM模模式转换器1、输入同轴波导21以及置于该输入同轴波导21内的由十六片或以上渐变槽线天线22组成的阵列，所述矩形波导-同轴波导TEM模模式转换器1由依次相连的输入矩形波导11、基于H-T分支功率分配器的一分四路功率分配网络12、模式转换段13、圆波导-同轴波导过渡段14、输出同轴波导15组成，其中，所述矩形波导-同轴波导TEM模模式转换器1的输出同轴波导与输入同轴波导21相连，所述输入同轴波导21用于同轴波导信号的输入，该输入同轴波导21内的渐变槽线天线22组成的阵列连接微带，用于耦合同轴波导内信号，最终通过微带输出。
所述渐变槽线天线22是采用双面覆铜介质板制作的平面宽带的天线，其最基本型为传统维瓦尔迪的天线。
参见图2所示，所述一分四路功率分配网络12包括两级H-T分支功率分配器，第一级H-T分支功率分配器121的两路输出端经过两个E面90°拐角122与第二级H-T分支功率分配器相连，第一级H-T分支功率分配器121用于基本的功率分配，E面90°拐角122用于连接第一级H-T分支功率分配器和第二级H-T分支功率分配器，以减少整体尺寸。
参见图5所示，图中阴影部分为渐变槽线天线22的金属面，扇形末端221用于改善馈电耦合，增加带宽。
参见图6所示，图中阴影部分为微带的馈电金属面，四分之一波长阻抗变换器222用于阻抗匹配，可用渐变微带线等阻抗变换器替代，微带输出端口223用于信号的输出。
本实施例上述Ka波段同轴波导内空间功率分配/合成器在用作功率分配器 时，通过输入矩形波导11输入信号，矩形波导-同轴波导TEM模模式转换器1把矩形波导TE10模信号转换成同轴波导TEM模信号，利用TEM模信号的旋转对称特性，在输入同轴波导21内绕轴对称均匀放置十六片或以上渐变槽线天线22，该十六片或以上渐变槽线天线22组成阵列，TEM模信号能量耦合到阵列再转换到微带输出与有源放大器相接，实现十六路功率分配。当Ka波段同轴波导内空间功率分配/合成器在用作功率合成器时，为上述逆过程。
以上所述实施例只为本发明之较佳实施例，并非以此限制本发明的实施范围，故凡依本发明之形状、原理所作的变化，均应涵盖在本发明的保护范围内。

Claims (3)

  1. 一种Ka波段同轴波导内空间功率分配/合成器，其特征在于：包括用于馈电的矩形波导-同轴波导TEM模模式转换器、输入同轴波导以及置于该输入同轴波导内的由十六片或以上渐变槽线天线组成的阵列，所述矩形波导-同轴波导TEM模模式转换器由依次相连的输入矩形波导、基于H-T分支功率分配器的一分四路功率分配网络、模式转换段、圆波导-同轴波导过渡段、输出同轴波导组成，其中，所述矩形波导-同轴波导TEM模模式转换器的输出同轴波导与输入同轴波导相连，所述输入同轴波导用于同轴波导信号的输入，该输入同轴波导内的渐变槽线天线组成的阵列连接微带，用于耦合同轴波导内信号，最终通过微带输出。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种Ka波段同轴波导内空间功率分配/合成器，其特征在于：所述一分四路功率分配网络包括两级H-T分支功率分配器，其中第一级H-T分支功率分配器的两路输出端经过两个E面90°拐角与第二级H-T分支功率分配器相连。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种Ka波段同轴波导内空间功率分配/合成器，其特征在于：所述渐变槽线天线为采用双面覆铜介质板制作的平面宽带天线。
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