WO2018214230A1 - 一种单孔悬臂梁应变片的动态电子小型无人车衡 - Google Patents
一种单孔悬臂梁应变片的动态电子小型无人车衡 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2018214230A1 WO2018214230A1 PCT/CN2017/090679 CN2017090679W WO2018214230A1 WO 2018214230 A1 WO2018214230 A1 WO 2018214230A1 CN 2017090679 W CN2017090679 W CN 2017090679W WO 2018214230 A1 WO2018214230 A1 WO 2018214230A1
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- strain gauge
- unmanned vehicle
- cantilever beam
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- small unmanned
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005669 field effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000013480 data collection Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000003862 health status Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01G—WEIGHING
- G01G19/00—Weighing apparatus or methods adapted for special purposes not provided for in the preceding groups
- G01G19/02—Weighing apparatus or methods adapted for special purposes not provided for in the preceding groups for weighing wheeled or rolling bodies, e.g. vehicles
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01G—WEIGHING
- G01G21/00—Details of weighing apparatus
Definitions
- This invention relates to weighing technology, and more particularly to a dynamic electronic small unmanned vehicle scale for a single-hole cantilever beam strain gauge.
- Electronic unmanned vehicle scale is a new type of electronic weighing instrument. It has the characteristics of rapid weighing, high accuracy, intuitive display and complete functions. It is suitable for industrial, commercial, construction, warehousing, logistics and freight.
- the measurement of unmanned intelligent transportation equipment in the vehicle, or in a broad sense, is an ideal measuring instrument.
- Dynamic Unmanned vehicle scale is an automatic weighing instrument that can weigh the total weight of the unmanned vehicle or the axle load by means of the whole vehicle weighing method or the axle load (non-complete vehicle) weighing method.
- the dynamic unmanned vehicle scale of the whole vehicle is the same as that of the static electronic unmanned vehicle scale, so it can be used as a dynamic and static electronic unmanned vehicle scale, mainly for non-simple trade settlement according to the weighing result. Weigh the results for technical judgment and statistics.
- Some unmanned vehicles are used in the logistics industry, which are small in size, easy to operate, and efficient. However, their trade settlement mainly depends on the load cell, and because of its small freight signal, and the transportation cost of this case is the cost of the electronic scale. It must be low, and the accuracy must be high. In addition, because it is aimed at unmanned vehicles, the service life of the scale and the unattended alarm function are very important. Therefore, it is necessary for the existing strain gauges in the existing scales to be easily damaged and without alarm function. Design a new type of electronic scale for unmanned vehicles.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a dynamic electronic small unmanned vehicle scale for a single-hole cantilever beam strain gauge, including a resistive strain sensor system, a voltage signal amplifying circuit, an A/D data acquisition and conversion circuit, a controller, a resistance strain gauge measuring circuit, a display, an information input device, and an instrument health monitoring system, wherein the resistive strain sensor system uses a resistance strain gauge as a sensing component of the load cell, and the cantilever beam of the resistance strain gauge adopts a single oval hole Beam structure, the elliptical hole is formed on the slab beam, and the force is applied to the center point of the upper surface and the lower surface of the ellipse by the weight of the object, in the elliptical hole
- the resistance strain gauges are respectively pasted on the upper end and the lower end, so that the two strain gauges are placed in opposite stress regions, so that the force is converted to the resistance strain gauge.
- the voltage signal amplifying circuit uses an integrated operational amplifier to amplify the signal, and the integrated operational amplifier is composed of an input stage, an intermediate stage, an output stage and a bias circuit.
- the voltage signal amplifying circuit uses a differential amplifying circuit as an input stage of the direct coupling circuit and the measuring circuit, and utilizes the symmetry of the circuit parameters and the negative feedback function to stabilize the static working point, amplify the differential mode signal, and suppress the total
- the mode signal adopts a voltage gain stage as an intermediate stage, a complementary symmetrical voltage follower circuit as an output stage, and a current element circuit constitutes a bias circuit and an active load circuit.
- the voltage signal amplifying circuit uses a field effect transistor or a three-stage tube to amplify the sensor output signal.
- the voltage signal amplifying circuit adopts a precision amplifier having self-returning and zero-temperature drift characteristics.
- the A/D data acquisition and conversion circuit adopts a parallel comparison A/D converter, a dedicated A/D converter of an internal integrated amplifier, or an A/D conversion circuit built in the controller.
- the cantilever beam of the resistance strain gauge is made of plastic material.
- the resistance strain gauge measuring circuit uses a Wheatstone bridge to measure the resistance change rate of the resistance strain gauge, and then measure the weight of the unmanned vehicle, wherein the bridge mode is divided into a full bridge, a half bridge or 1 /4 bridge.
- the resistance strain gauge can use a metal resistance strain gauge, a semiconductor strain gauge, and a low temperature strain gauge.
- the normal temperature strain gauge or the high temperature strain gauge includes the wire strain gauge, the foil strain gauge and the film strain gauge.
- the scale health monitoring system compares the actual performance of the dynamic electronic small unmanned vehicle scale with the dynamic electronic small unmanned vehicle scale reference performance stored in the controller, and if the deviation exceeds 5%, Alarm information is displayed by the display.
- the weighing instrument is a precision instrument.
- the health monitoring system is added.
- the working principle is to store the actual performance of the dynamic electronic small unmanned vehicle scale in the controller.
- the dynamic electronic small unmanned vehicle scale benchmark performance is compared, and if the deviation exceeds 5%, an alarm message is displayed through the display.
- the performance comparison here includes the offset drift of the instrument, temperature drift, linearity and resolution.
- FIG. 1 is a system block diagram of a dynamic electronic small unmanned vehicle scale according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the structure of a double-hole beam according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the cantilever beam of the resistance strain gauge adopts a single elliptical beam Structure
- the elliptical hole is formed on the slab beam
- the force acts on the center points of the upper surface and the lower surface of the ellipse by the weight of the object
- the resistance strain gauge is respectively pasted on the upper end and the lower end of the elliptical hole, so that four Two strain gauges are in opposite stress zones, and the force is converted to the strain gauge.
- a total of four resistors R1, R2, R3 and R4 are attached. When R1 and R4 are deformed into tensile ⁇ , R2 and R3 are compression deformation, and four resistors form a differential bridge, and the linearity of the output characteristics is good.
- the elliptical hole increases the deformation range and sensitivity of the strain gauge compared to the round hole.
- the voltage signal amplifying circuit is used as an amplifying system of the electronic weighing instrument for amplifying the signal output by the sensor to meet the requirement of analog-to-digital conversion.
- the amplification system design should ensure that the input stage end is a resistance value.
- the output stage is a system with relatively low resistance and has a high ability to suppress common mode interference.
- the system magnification should be based on the weight of the measured object.
- the output of the sensor, and then the output of the sensor is amplified according to a certain proportion. We have tried a variety of methods, and finally we can use three ways: (1) Enlarge the signal with an integrated operational amplifier
- the integrated operational amplifier is composed of an input stage, an intermediate stage, an output stage and a bias circuit.
- the voltage signal amplifying circuit uses a differential amplifying circuit as an input stage of the direct coupling circuit and the measuring circuit, and utilizes the symmetry and negative feedback of the circuit parameters. Stabilize the quiescent operating point, amplify the differential mode signal, suppress the common mode signal, use the voltage gain stage as the intermediate stage, and the complementary symmetrical voltage follower circuit as the output stage.
- the current element circuit constitutes the bias circuit and the active load circuit.
- the voltage signal amplifying circuit uses a field effect transistor or a three-stage tube to amplify the sensor output signal.
- the voltage signal amplifying circuit uses a precision amplifier with self-returning and zero-temperature drift characteristics. All three schemes simplify the circuit and make the circuit stable.
- A/D data acquisition and conversion circuit is designed for the strain gauge-based dynamic electronic small unmanned vehicle scale, using a parallel type A/D converter, a dedicated A/D converter of an internal integrated amplifier or the control
- the built-in A/D conversion circuit is available.
- parallel comparison A/D converters cannot be used.
- the size of the scale is more compact. For convenience, it can be either special or built-in.
- the cantilever beam of the resistance should be a plastic material with moderate hardness, which is convenient for manual punching, and the same base uses wood.
- the resistance strain gauge measuring circuit adopts a Wheatstone bridge to measure the resistance change rate of the resistance strain gauge, and then the load is measured, wherein the bridge mode is divided into a full bridge, a half bridge, and a quarter bridge. Connect the resistors Rl, R2, R3, R4, R1 and R4 to the four arms, and connect two wires between R2 and R3 to the operational amplifier, between R1 and R3, and between R2 and R4. Lead the two wires to the positive and negative terminals of the power supply.
- the resistance strain gauge is a conversion component that converts the strain change amount into a resistance change amount, and the resistance strain gauge can use a metal resistance strain gauge, a semiconductor strain gauge, a low temperature strain gauge, a normal temperature strain gauge or a high temperature strain gauge, and the metal resistor
- the strain gauges include wire strain gauges, foil strain gauges, and film strain gauges.
- strain electrical measurement is used.
- the strain effect of the strain gauge is linear, and the resistance change rate of the strain gauge is linear.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Measurement Of Length, Angles, Or The Like Using Electric Or Magnetic Means (AREA)
- Measurement Of Force In General (AREA)
Abstract
一种单孔悬臂梁应变片的动态电子小型无人车衡,包括电阻式应变传感器***,电压信号放大电路,A/D数据采集与转换电路,控制器,电阻应变仪测量电路,显示器,信息输入设备以及衡器健康状况监测***,其中电阻式应变传感器***选用电阻应变片作为称重传感器的敏感元件,电阻应变片的悬臂梁采用单椭圆孔梁结构,板状梁上开有一个椭圆孔,通过物体重量的作用,将力全部作用于椭圆上表面和下表面的中心点,在椭圆孔的上端和下端分别粘贴电阻应变片,使得四个应变片两个一组处于相反的应力区内,从而力转化到电阻应变片上。
Description
一种单孔悬臂梁应变片的动态电子小型无人车衡
技术领域
[0001] 本发明涉及称量技术, 特别是一种单孔悬臂梁应变片的动态电子小型无人车衡 背景技术
[0002] 电子无人车衡是一种新型的电子衡器, 具有称量迅速、 准确度高、 显示直观、 功能齐全的特点, 适用于工业、 商业、 建筑、 仓储、 物流货运等场合下无人车 , 或者广义上的无人智能运输设备的计量, 是一种比较理想的计量器具。 动态 无人车衡通过整车称量方式或轴重 (非整车) 称量方式, 可称量行驶中的动态 无人车总重量或轴重的自动衡器。 整车称量的动态无人车衡外形与静态电子无 人车衡相同, 因此可以被做成动静两用电子无人车衡, 主要用于非单纯的按照 称量结果进行贸易结算, 而以称量结果进行技术判断和统计。
技术问题
[0003] 有些无人车用于物流行业, 体积小, 运行便捷, 高效, 然而其贸易结算主要依 赖称重传感器, 而由于其货运信号较小, 并且这种情况的运输对于电子称的成 本要求必须低, 而精度必须高, 另外由于针对无人车辆, 那么衡器的使用寿命 和无人值守报警功能就非常重要, 因此, 针对目前现有衡器中应变片容易损害 以及无报警功能的缺陷, 需要设计新型的针对无人车用的电子衡器。
问题的解决方案
技术解决方案
[0004] 本发明的目的在于提供一种单孔悬臂梁应变片的动态电子小型无人车衡, 包括 电阻式应变传感器***, 电压信号放大电路, A/D数据采集与转换电路, 控制器 , 电阻应变仪测量电路, 显示器, 信息输入设备以及衡器健康状况监测***, 其中所述电阻式应变传感器***选用电阻应变片作为称重传感器的敏感元件, 所述电阻应变片的悬臂梁采用单椭圆孔梁结构, 板状梁上幵有一个椭圆孔, 通 过物体重量的作用, 将力全部作用于椭圆上表面和下表面的中心点, 在椭圆孔
的上端和下端分别粘贴所述电阻应变片, 使得四个应变片两个一组处于相反的 应力区内, 从而力转化到电阻应变片上。
[0005] 优选的, 所述电压信号放大电路采用集成运算放大器对信号放大, 所述集成运 算放大器由输入级、 中间级、 输出级和偏置电路四部分组成。
[0006] 优选的, 所述电压信号放大电路采用差分放大电路作为直接耦合电路和测量电 路的输入级, 利用电路参数的对称性和负反馈作用, 稳定静态工作点, 放大差 模信号, 抑制共模信号, 采用电压增益级为中间级, 互补对称电压跟随电路为 输出级, 电流元电路构成偏置电路和有源负载电路。
[0007] 优选的, 所述电压信号放大电路采用场效应管或三级管对传感器输出信号进行 放大。
[0008] 优选的, 所述电压信号放大电路采用有自归零和零温漂特性的精密放大器。
[0009] 优选的, 所述 A/D数据采集与转换电路采用并行比较 A/D转换器、 内部集成放 大器的专用型 A/D转换器或所述控制器内置的 A/D转换电路。
[0010] 优选的, 所述电阻应变片的悬臂梁为塑料材质。
[0011] 优选的, 所述电阻应变仪测量电路采用惠斯登电桥, 测量电阻应变片的电阻变 化率, 进而测得无人车重量, 其中组桥方式分为全桥, 半桥或 1/4桥。
[0012] 优选的, 所述电阻应变片可使用金属电阻应变片, 半导体应变片, 低温应变片
, 常温应变片或高温应变片, 所述金属电阻应变片包括金属丝式应变片、 箔式 应变片和薄膜应变片。
[0013] 优选的, 所述衡器健康状况监测***将动态电子小型无人车衡的实际性能与存 储在控制器内的动态电子小型无人车衡基准性能进行比较, 如果偏差超过 5%, 则通过所述显示器显示报警信息。
[0014] 根据下文结合附图对本发明具体实施例的详细描述, 本领域技术人员将会更加 明了本发明的上述以及其他目的、 优点和特征。
发明的有益效果
有益效果
[0015] 衡器属于精密仪器, 为了增加仪器的使用寿命以及使用可靠性, 增加健康状况 监测***, 工作原理是将动态电子小型无人车衡的实际性能与存储在控制器内
的动态电子小型无人车衡基准性能进行比较, 如果偏差超过 5%, 则通过所述显 示器显示报警信息。 这里性能比较包括衡器的失调漂移, 温度漂移, 线性度以 及分辨率。
[0016]
对附图的简要说明
附图说明
[0017] 后文将参照附图以示例性而非限制性的方式详细描述本发明的一些具体实施例 。 附图中相同的附图标记标示了相同或类似的部件或部分。 本领域技术人员应 该理解, 这些附图未必是按比例绘制的。 本发明的目标及特征考虑到如下结合 附图的描述将更加明显, 附图中:
[0018] 图 1为根据本发明实施例的动态电子小型无人车衡的***框图。
[0019] 图 2为根据本发明实施例的双孔梁结构示意图。
本发明的实施方式
[0020] 参见附图 1, 一种单孔悬臂梁应变片的动态电子小型无人车衡, 由电阻式应变 传感器***, 电压信号放大电路, A/D数据采集与转换电路, MSP430F149控制 器, 电阻应变仪测量电路, LCD1604显示器以及键盘组成, 其中所述电阻式应 变传感器***选用电阻应变片作为称重传感器的敏感元件, 参见附图 2, 所述电 阻应变片的悬臂梁采用单椭圆孔梁结构, 板状梁上幵有一个椭圆孔, 通过物体 重量的作用, 将力全部作用于椭圆上表面和下表面的中心点, 在椭圆孔的上端 和下端分别粘贴所述电阻应变片, 使得四个应变片两个一组处于相反的应力区 内, 从而力转化到电阻应变片上。 共粘贴四个电阻 Rl, R2, R3和 R4, 当 Rl和 R 4的变形为拉伸吋, R2和 R3为压缩变形, 四个电阻组成差动电桥, 输出特性的线 性度好。 椭圆孔较之圆孔提高了应变片的变形范围和灵敏度。
[0021] 另外, 电压信号放大电路作为电子衡器的放大***, 用于将传感器输出的信号 进行放大, 从而满足模数转换的要求, 为了测量准确, 放大***设计吋应该保 证输入级端是阻值相对较高的***, 输出级是阻值相对较低的***, 并且具有 较高的抑制共模干扰的能力, ***地放大倍数应该根据被测物体的重量对应传
感器的输出量, 然后把传感器的输出量按照一定的比例相应放大。 我们尝试了 多种方式, 最后确定可以采用三种方式: (1) 采用集成运算放大器对信号放大
, 集成运算放大器由输入级、 中间级、 输出级和偏置电路四部分组成, 电压信 号放大电路采用差分放大电路作为直接耦合电路和测量电路的输入级, 利用电 路参数的对称性和负反馈作用, 稳定静态工作点, 放大差模信号, 抑制共模信 号, 采用电压增益级为中间级, 互补对称电压跟随电路为输出级, 电流元电路 构成偏置电路和有源负载电路。 (2) 电压信号放大电路采用场效应管或三级管 对传感器输出信号进行放大。 (3) 电压信号放大电路采用有自归零和零温漂特 性的精密放大器。 三种方案都能简化电路并且使得电路稳定性差。
[0022] A/D数据采集与转换电路针对该基于应变片的动态电子小型无人车衡设计, 采 用并行比较 A/D转换器、 内部集成放大器的专用型 A/D转换器或所述控制器内置 的 A/D转换电路都是可以的, 在具体选择的吋候如果考虑成本, 功耗和分辨率的 情况下, 不能采用并行比较 A/D转换器, 考虑衡器的尺寸更紧凑, 使用方便的情 况下, 采用专用型或内置型均可。 为改善悬臂梁的特性, 同吋花费低, 电阻应 变片的悬臂梁为硬度适中的塑料材质, 便于手工打孔, 同吋底座使用木板。
[0023] 电阻应变仪测量电路采用惠斯登电桥, 测量电阻应变片的电阻变化率, 进而测 得负重, 其中组桥方式分为全桥, 半桥, 1/4桥。 在四个臂上分别接入电阻 Rl, R2, R3, R4, Rl与 R4之间, R2与 R3之间分别引出两条线接至运算放大器, R1 与 R3之间, R2与 R4之间分别引出两条线接电源的正负极。
[0024] 电阻应变片是将应变变化量转变成电阻变化量的转化组件, 电阻应变片可使用 金属电阻应变片, 半导体应变片, 低温应变片, 常温应变片或高温应变片, 所 述金属电阻应变片包括金属丝式应变片、 箔式应变片和薄膜应变片。 与电阻应 变片对应使用应变电测法, 基于应变片的应变效应, 即电阻应变片的电阻变化 率与应变呈线性关系, 当应变片粘贴在被测构件上吋, 会随构件受力而产生主 变形。
[0025] 虽然本发明已经参考特定的说明性实施例进行了描述, 但是不会受到这些实施 例的限定而仅仅受到附加权利要求的限定。 本领域技术人员应当理解可以在不 偏离本发明的保护范围和精神的情况下对本发明的实施例能够进行改动和修改
[9 00]
6Z.9060/Z.10ZN3/X3d 0£Z而 8Ϊ0Ζ OAV
Claims
权利要求书
一种单孔悬臂梁应变片的动态电子小型无人车衡, 包括电阻式应变传 感器***, 电压信号放大电路, A/D数据采集与转换电路, 控制器, 电阻应变仪测量电路, 显示器, 信息输入设备以及衡器健康状况监测 ***, 其中所述电阻式应变传感器***选用电阻应变片作为称重传感 器的敏感元件, 所述电阻应变片的悬臂梁采用单椭圆孔梁结构, 板 状梁上幵有一个椭圆孔, 通过物体重量的作用, 将力全部作用于椭圆 上表面和下表面的中心点, 在椭圆孔的上端和下端分别粘贴所述电阻 应变片, 使得四个应变片两个一组处于相反的应力区内, 从而力转化 到电阻应变片上。
根据权利要求 1所述的一种单孔悬臂梁应变片的动态电子小型无人车 衡, 所述电压信号放大电路采用集成运算放大器对信号放大, 所述集 成运算放大器由输入级、 中间级、 输出级和偏置电路四部分组成。 根据权利要求 2所述的一种单孔悬臂梁应变片的动态电子小型无人车 衡, 所述电压信号放大电路采用差分放大电路作为直接耦合电路和测 量电路的输入级, 利用电路参数的对称性和负反馈作用, 稳定静态工 作点, 放大差模信号, 抑制共模信号, 采用电压增益级为中间级, 互 补对称电压跟随电路为输出级, 电流元电路构成偏置电路和有源负载 电路。
根据权利要求 1所述的一种单孔悬臂梁应变片的动态电子小型无人车 衡, 所述电压信号放大电路采用场效应管或三级管对传感器输出信号 进行放大。
根据权利要求 1所述的一种单孔悬臂梁应变片的动态电子小型无人车 衡, 所述电压信号放大电路采用有自归零和零温漂特性的精密放大器
[权利要求 6] 根据权利要求 1所述的一种单孔悬臂梁应变片的动态电子小型无人车 衡, 所述 A/D数据采集与转换电路采用并行比较 A/D转换器、 内部集 成放大器的专用型 A/D转换器或所述控制器内置的 A/D转换电路。
[权利要求 7] 根据权利要求 1所述的一种单孔悬臂梁应变片的动态电子小型无人车 衡, 所述电阻应变片的悬臂梁为塑料材质。
[权利要求 8] 根据权利要求 1所述的一种单孔悬臂梁应变片的动态电子小型无人车 衡, 所述电阻应变仪测量电路采用惠斯登电桥, 测量电阻应变片的电 阻变化率, 进而测得负重, 其中组桥方式分为全桥, 半桥, 1/4桥。
[权利要求 9] 根据权利要求 1所述的一种单孔悬臂梁应变片的动态电子小型无人车 衡, 所述电阻应变片可使用金属电阻应变片, 半导体应变片, 低温应 变片, 常温应变片或高温应变片, 所述金属电阻应变片包括金属丝式 应变片、 箔式应变片和薄膜应变片。
[权利要求 10] 根据权利要求 1所述的一种单孔悬臂梁应变片的动态电子小型无人车 衡, 所述衡器健康状况监测***将动态电子小型无人车衡的实际性能 与存储在控制器内的动态电子小型无人车衡基准性能进行比较, 如果
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