WO2018199287A1 - Method for treating and/or preventing crystalline retinopathy - Google Patents

Method for treating and/or preventing crystalline retinopathy Download PDF

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WO2018199287A1
WO2018199287A1 PCT/JP2018/017183 JP2018017183W WO2018199287A1 WO 2018199287 A1 WO2018199287 A1 WO 2018199287A1 JP 2018017183 W JP2018017183 W JP 2018017183W WO 2018199287 A1 WO2018199287 A1 WO 2018199287A1
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ips
cells
bcd
rpe
rpe cells
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PCT/JP2018/017183
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French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
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匡侑 畑
華子 池田
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国立大学法人京都大学
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/335Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin
    • A61K31/35Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin having six-membered rings with one oxygen as the only ring hetero atom
    • A61K31/352Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin having six-membered rings with one oxygen as the only ring hetero atom condensed with carbocyclic rings, e.g. methantheline 
    • A61K31/3533,4-Dihydrobenzopyrans, e.g. chroman, catechin
    • A61K31/355Tocopherols, e.g. vitamin E
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/70Carbohydrates; Sugars; Derivatives thereof
    • A61K31/715Polysaccharides, i.e. having more than five saccharide radicals attached to each other by glycosidic linkages; Derivatives thereof, e.g. ethers, esters
    • A61K31/716Glucans
    • A61K31/724Cyclodextrins
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K45/00Medicinal preparations containing active ingredients not provided for in groups A61K31/00 - A61K41/00
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P27/00Drugs for disorders of the senses
    • A61P27/02Ophthalmic agents
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D311/00Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only hetero atom, condensed with other rings
    • C07D311/02Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only hetero atom, condensed with other rings ortho- or peri-condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
    • C07D311/04Benzo[b]pyrans, not hydrogenated in the carbocyclic ring
    • C07D311/58Benzo[b]pyrans, not hydrogenated in the carbocyclic ring other than with oxygen or sulphur atoms in position 2 or 4
    • C07D311/70Benzo[b]pyrans, not hydrogenated in the carbocyclic ring other than with oxygen or sulphur atoms in position 2 or 4 with two hydrocarbon radicals attached in position 2 and elements other than carbon and hydrogen in position 6
    • C07D311/723,4-Dihydro derivatives having in position 2 at least one methyl radical and in position 6 one oxygen atom, e.g. tocopherols

Definitions

  • Crystalline retinopathy is an autosomal recessive retinal degenerative disease reported by Bietti in 1937 and accounts for about 10% of autosomal recessive retinal degenerative diseases (Non-patent Document 1). Many Asians, including Japanese, usually develop progressive visual field and visual impairment after the 20s, and lose vision after the 60s. Crystalline retinopathy is characterized by progressive atrophy of retinal photoreceptor cells and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells, and crystal-like deposits found in the fundus. Due to the development of inspection equipment such as optical coherence tomography (OCT), it has been reported that crystal-like deposits are often observed in RPE cells, and that RPE cell atrophy precedes retinal atrophy. (Non-patent Document 2).
  • OCT optical coherence tomography
  • Non-patent Document 3 An association between crystallin retinopathy and a mutation in the CYP4V2 gene (4q35) was reported in 2004 (Non-patent Document 3). Although CYP4V2 is strongly expressed in RPE cells and assumed to be an enzyme involved in lipid metabolism, its detailed function has not been clarified (Non-patent Document 4). There is a need to elucidate the pathophysiology of crystallin retinopathy and to establish a treatment based on the pathophysiology.
  • the present application aims to provide a method for the treatment and / or prevention of crystallin retinopathy.
  • the present inventors have studied the pathophysiology of crystallin retinopathy using iPS cells, and have found for the first time a relationship between crystallin retinopathy and free cholesterol accumulation in RPE cells. Furthermore, it was shown that cholesterol accumulation inhibitors reduce the abnormalities of RPE cells characteristic of crystallin retinopathy.
  • the present application provides a composition for the treatment and / or prevention of crystallin retinopathy comprising a cholesterol accumulation inhibitor.
  • the present application provides a method for the treatment and / or prevention of crystallin retinopathy comprising administering to a subject a cholesterol accumulation inhibitor.
  • the present application provides the use of a cholesterol accumulation inhibitor for the treatment and / or prevention of crystallin retinopathy.
  • the present application provides the use of a cholesterol accumulation inhibitor for the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment and / or prevention of crystallin retinopathy.
  • crystallin retinopathy can be treated and / or prevented.
  • FIG. 6 shows the expression of CYP4V2 protein in undifferentiated iPS cells derived from healthy individuals (WT) or crystallin retinopathy patients (BCD) and iPS-RPE cells differentiated from them. Shown are bright field microscopic images of WT iPS-RPE cells and BCD iPS-RPE cells. Electron microscopic images of WT iPS-RPE cells and BCD iPS-RPE cells are shown. The proliferative ability of WT iPS-RPE progenitor cells and BCD iPS-RPE progenitors measured by cell number is shown. BCD vs.
  • FIG. 3 shows autophagy-related protein expression in the presence or absence of bafilomycin A in WT iPS-RPE cells and BCD ⁇ iPS-RPE cells. NOR Tx- vs.
  • BCD vs. NOR; Student's t-test; n 3 for each cell line
  • the amount of sugar ceramide in the cells of WT iPS-RPE cells and BCD iPS-RPE cells is shown.
  • BCD; Student's t-test; n 10 The amount of cholesterol ester in the cells of WT iPS-RPE cells and BCD iPS-RPE cells is shown.
  • NOR vs. BCD; Student's t-test; n 8 The amount of free cholesterol in the cells of WT iPS-RPE cells and BCD iPS-RPE cells is shown.
  • NOR vs. BCD; Student's t-test; n 3 The amounts of intracellular free cholesterol and cholesterol esters in BCD iPS-RPE cells treated with NBDNJ, HPBCD, HPGCD, MBCD or ⁇ -T are shown.
  • each group n 4 The dead cell rate of BCD iPS-RPE progenitor cells treated with NBDNJ, HPBCD, HPGCD, MBCD or ⁇ -T is shown.
  • each group n 3 The percentage of LysoTracker positive cells in BCD iPS-RPE cells treated with NBDNJ, HPBCD or HPGCD is shown.
  • “Cholesterol accumulation inhibitor” means a substance that inhibits the accumulation of free cholesterol in cells by inhibiting the synthesis or uptake of free cholesterol or by promoting the extracellular excretion of free cholesterol.
  • examples of cholesterol accumulation inhibitors include HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors such as cyclodextrin compounds, vitamin E compounds, statins, histone deacetylase inhibitors, and lysosomal acid lipase inhibitors. Cholesterol accumulation inhibitors can be synthesized by methods known in the art or purchased.
  • cyclodextrin compounds include ⁇ -, ⁇ -, ⁇ -cyclodextrin, and derivatives in which a displaceable group of ⁇ -, ⁇ -, ⁇ -cyclodextrin is substituted, and pharmaceutically acceptable products thereof. Salts, esters, solvates and hydrates.
  • the cyclodextrin compound is a compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, solvate or hydrate thereof.
  • each R is independently H, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl, each of which may be substituted; or —C (O ) OR B , —OC (O) R B , —C (O) R B , or —C (O) NR A R B ;
  • Each R 1 is independently alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, halogen, hydroxy, amino, —CN, —CF 3 , —N 3 , —NO 2 , —OR B , —SR B , —SOR B , —SO 2 R B , —N (R B ) S (O 2 ) —R B ,
  • alkyl refers to a saturated, linear or branched hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
  • alkyl groups include, but are not limited to, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, tert-butyl, neopentyl, n-hexyl, heptyl, octyl groups, and the like.
  • alkenyl means a straight or branched chain hydrocarbon having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 6 carbon atoms, containing one or more double bonds.
  • Alkenyl groups include, but are not limited to, for example, ethenyl, propenyl, butenyl, 1-methyl-2-buten-1-yl, heptenyl, octenyl, and the like.
  • alkynyl means a straight or branched chain hydrocarbon having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 6 carbon atoms, containing one or more triple bonds.
  • Alkynyl groups include, but are not limited to, for example, ethynyl, 1-propynyl, 1-butynyl, heptynyl, octynyl, and the like.
  • cycloalkyl refers to a monovalent group derived from a monocyclic or polycyclic saturated carbocyclic compound.
  • examples of cycloalkyl include, but are not limited to, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, bicyclo [2.2.1] heptyl, bicyclo [2.2.2] octyl, and the like.
  • the term “carbocycle” or “carbocyclic” or “carbocyclyl” includes saturated (eg, “cycloalkyl”), partially saturated (eg, “cycloalkenyl” or cyclo) containing 0 heteroatoms as ring atoms.
  • a carbocyclyl may be, but is not limited to, a single ring, two or more fused rings, a bridge or a spiro ring.
  • Carbocyclyl can contain, for example, 3 to 10 member atoms.
  • the substituted carbocyclyl can have either a cis or trans configuration.
  • carbocyclyl groups include, but are not limited to, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, cyclopentenyl, cyclopentadienyl, cyclohexadienyl, adamantyl, decahydro-naphthalenyl, octahydro- Indenyl, cyclohexenyl, phenyl, naphthyl, fluorenyl, indanyl, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-naphthyl, indenyl, isoindenyl, bicyclodecanyl, anthracenyl, phenanthrene, benzonaphthenyl (known as “phenalenyl”), decalinyl And norpinanyl and the like.
  • a carbocyclyl group can be attached to the parent mo
  • aryl refers to an aromatic carbocyclyl containing 6 to 14 ring atoms.
  • Non-limiting examples of aryl include phenyl, naphthalenyl, anthracenyl, indenyl and the like.
  • the aryl group can be attached to the parent molecular moiety through any of the substitutable group's carbon atoms.
  • heteroaryl means an aromatic heterocyclyl generally containing from 5 to 18 ring member atoms, where at least one ring member atom is a heteroatom. Heteroaryl may be a single ring or two or more fused rings.
  • Non-limiting examples of 5-membered heteroaryl include thiazolyl; 1,2,3-, 1,2,4-, 1,2,5-, and 1,3,4-oxadiozalyl; and isothiazolyl.
  • Non-limiting examples of 6-membered heteroaryl include pyridinyl; pyrazinyl; pyrimidinyl; pyridazinyl; and 1,3,5-, 1,2,4- and 1,2,3-triazinyl.
  • Non-limiting examples of 6/5 membered fused ring heteroaryls include benzothiofuranyl, isobenzothiofuranyl, benzisoxazolyl, benzoxazolyl, purinyl, and anthranilyl.
  • Non-limiting examples of 6/6 membered fused ring heteroaryl include quinolinyl; isoquinolinyl; and benzoxazinyl (including cinnolinyl and quinazolinyl).
  • heterocycloalkyl denotes a non-aromatic 3-, 4-, 5-, 6- or 7-membered ring, or a bicyclic or tricyclic fused system, wherein at least one ring atom is And (i) each 5-membered ring has 0-1 double bonds and each 6-membered ring has 0-2 double bonds, and (ii) Nitrogen and sulfur atoms may be oxidized, (iii) nitrogen heteroatoms may be quaternized, and (iv) any of the above rings may be fused to a benzene ring.
  • heterocycloalkyl groups include, but are not limited to, [1.3] dioxolane, pyrrolidinyl, pyrazolinyl, pyrazolidinyl, imidazolinyl, imidazolidinyl, piperidinyl, piperazinyl, oxazolidinyl, isoxazolidinyl, morpholinyl, thiazolidinyl, isothiazo Includes lysinyl, tetrahydrofuryl and the like.
  • each R is independently H, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl, each of which may be substituted.
  • Well preferably optionally substituted with hydroxy; or with —C (O) OR B , —OC (O) R B , —C (O) R B , or —C (O) NR A R B is there.
  • each R is independently H, optionally substituted alkyl, —C (O) OR B , —OC (O) R B , —C (O) R. B , or —C (O) NR A R B.
  • each R is independently H, alkyl optionally substituted with hydroxy, —C (O) OR B , —OC (O) R B , —C (O ) R B , or —C (O) NR A R B.
  • each R is independently H or alkyl optionally substituted with hydroxy.
  • each R is independently H, methyl, ethyl, propyl, or hydroxypropyl.
  • each R 1 is independently alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, halogen, hydroxy, amino, —CN, —CF 3 , —N 3 , —NO 2 , —OR B , —SR B , —SOR B , —SO 2 R B , —N (R B ) S (O 2 ) —R B , —N (R B ) S (O 2 ) NR A R B , —NR A R B , —C (O) OR B , —OC (O) R B , —C (O) R B , —C (O) NR A R B , or N (R B ) C (O) R B.
  • n is 1, 2, or 3. In certain embodiments, in Formula (I), n is 2 or 3. In certain embodiments, in Formula (I), m is 0.
  • the cyclodextrin compound is ⁇ -cyclodextrin, ⁇ -cyclodextrin or ⁇ -cyclodextrin, derivatives thereof, such as derivatives in which at least one hydroxyl group is alkylated or hydroxyalkylated, or These pharmaceutically acceptable salts, esters, solvates or hydrates.
  • the cyclodextrin compound is ⁇ -cyclodextrin or ⁇ -cyclodextrin, derivatives thereof, such as derivatives in which at least one hydroxyl group is alkylated or hydroxyalkylated, or pharmaceutically thereof. It is an acceptable salt, ester, solvate or hydrate.
  • the cyclodextrin compound is methyl- ⁇ -cyclodextrin (MBCD), 2-hydroxyethyl- ⁇ -cyclodextrin (HPBCD) or 2-hydroxypropyl- ⁇ -cyclodextrin (HPGCD), or a pharmaceutical thereof Acceptable salts, esters, solvates or hydrates.
  • the cyclodextrin compound is HPBCD or HPGCD, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, solvate or hydrate thereof.
  • the cyclodextrin compound is HPGCD or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, solvate or hydrate thereof.
  • the cholesterol accumulation inhibitor is a vitamin E compound.
  • Vitamin E compounds include tocopherols or tocotrienols such as ⁇ -tocopherol, ⁇ -tocopherol, ⁇ -tocopherol, ⁇ -tocopherol, ⁇ -tocotrienol, ⁇ -tocotrienol, ⁇ -tocotrienol and ⁇ -tocotrienol and their pharmaceutically Acceptable salts, esters, solvates and hydrates are included.
  • tocopherol esters include tocopherol acetate, tocopherol phosphate, tocopherol succinate, tocopherol nicotinate and the like.
  • the cholesterol accumulation inhibitor is ⁇ -tocopherol or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, solvate or hydrate thereof.
  • pharmaceutically acceptable salt as used herein is within the scope of sound medical judgment and is in contact with human and animal tissues without causing excessive toxicity, irritation, allergic reactions, etc. Indicates a salt of a compound that is suitable for use and has a reasonable benefit / risk ratio balanced.
  • Pharmaceutically acceptable salts are well known in the art. For example, S. M. Berge and et al describe pharmaceutically acceptable salts in detail in J. Pharmaceutical Sciences, 66: 1-19 (1977).
  • salts include, but are not limited to, non-toxic acid addition salts, or inorganic acids such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid and perchloric acid, or acetic acid, maleic acid Salts formed with organic acids such as tartaric acid, citric acid, succinic acid, malonic acid, or by other methods used in the art such as ion exchange.
  • inorganic acids such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid and perchloric acid, or acetic acid
  • maleic acid Salts formed with organic acids such as tartaric acid, citric acid, succinic acid, malonic acid, or by other methods used in the art such as ion exchange.
  • salts include, but are not limited to, adipate, alginate, ascorbate, aspartate, benzenesulfonate, benzoate, bisulfate, borate, butyric acid Salt, camphorate, camphorsulfonate, citrate, cyclopentanepropionate, digluconate, dodecyl sulfate, ethanesulfonate, formate, fumarate, glucoheptonate, glycerophosphate, gluconate , Hemisulfate, heptanoate, hexanoate, hydroiodide, 2-hydroxy-ethanesulfonate, lactobionate, lactate, laurate, lauryl sulfate, malate, maleate , Malonate, methanesulfonate, 2-naphthalenesulfonate, nicotinate, nitrate, oleate, oxalate, Mymate
  • alkali or alkaline earth metal salts include sodium, lithium, potassium, calcium, or magnesium salts, and the like.
  • Further pharmaceutically acceptable salts are, if appropriate, halides, hydroxides, carboxylates, sulfates, phosphates, nitrates, alkyls having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, sulfonates and Includes ammonium, quaternary ammonium, and amine cations formed using counterions, such as aryl sulfonates.
  • ester as used herein includes those that are hydrolyzed in vivo and readily degraded in the human or animal body, leaving the parent compound or salt thereof, The ester of the compound is shown.
  • Suitable ester groups are, for example, pharmaceutically acceptable fatty acids, in particular alkanoic acids, alkenoic acids, cycloalkanoic acids and those in which the respective alkyl or alkenyl moiety advantageously has no more than 6 carbon atoms. Includes those derived from alkanedioic acid. Examples of specific esters include, but are not limited to, formate, acetate, phosphate, propionate, butyrate, acrylate, nicotinate and succinate.
  • Crystallin retinopathy means a retinal degenerative disease caused by a mutation in the CYP4V2 gene. In general, crystallin retinopathy is diagnosed when deposits of crystallin granules (so-called “crystal-like deposits”), which are flashy crystal deposits, are observed in the retina and peripheral cornea surface layer. Presents with progressive visual field impairment and visual impairment, and prognosis varies from case to case.
  • treating is to reduce or eliminate the cause of crystallin retinopathy, delay or stop its progression in a subject suffering from crystallin retinopathy. And / or alleviating, alleviating, ameliorating or eliminating the symptoms.
  • prevent refers to a subject having a crystalline retinopathy, particularly in a subject who is likely to have, but has not yet suffered from, crystallin retinopathy. It means preventing or reducing the likelihood of suffering from crystal retinopathy.
  • Subjects who may be affected by crystallin retinopathy but have not yet suffered include, for example, subjects having a mutation in the CYP4V2 gene and subjects with a family history of crystallin retinopathy.
  • Subjects for treatment and / or prevention of crystallin retinopathy include animals, typically mammals (eg, humans, mice, rats, hamsters, rabbits, cats, dogs, cows, sheep, monkeys, etc.), particularly humans. Can be mentioned. When applied to animals other than humans, the dose of the drug of the present invention may be appropriately adjusted depending on the body weight or size of the animal.
  • mammals eg, humans, mice, rats, hamsters, rabbits, cats, dogs, cows, sheep, monkeys, etc.
  • the dose of the drug of the present invention may be appropriately adjusted depending on the body weight or size of the animal.
  • composition disclosed herein can be a pharmaceutical composition.
  • the administration method of the pharmaceutical composition is not particularly limited, but can be administered through general administration routes such as oral administration, rectal administration, injection, infusion, eye drops, intravitreal injection, etc. It can be a suitable dosage form.
  • Oral dosage forms include granules, fine granules, powders, coated tablets, tablets, suppositories, powders, (micro) capsules, chewables, syrups, juices, liquids, suspensions, emulsions, etc. Is mentioned.
  • a dosage form for administration by injection general dosage forms of pharmaceutical preparations such as direct intravenous infusion, infusion administration, vitreous injection, a preparation for prolonging the release of an active substance and the like can be adopted.
  • dosage forms are manufactured by formulating in a conventional manner. Further, various pharmaceutically acceptable pharmaceutical substances can be blended as required in the preparation.
  • the substance for the preparation can be appropriately selected depending on the dosage form of the preparation.
  • the pharmaceutical substance examples include magnesium carbonate, titanium dioxide, lactose, mannitol and other sugars, talc, milk protein, gelatin, starch, cellulose and derivatives thereof, animal and vegetable oils, polyethylene glycol, and solvents, Examples include sterilized water and mono- or polyhydric alcohols such as glycerol.
  • the dose of the cholesterol accumulation inhibitor by the composition may vary depending on the age, weight or pathological condition of the subject patient, or the pharmaceutical dosage form or administration method.
  • the cyclodextrin compound can be administered in an amount of about 1 mg / kg body weight to 10 g / kg body weight, about 1 mg / kg body weight to 5 g / kg body weight, about 1 mg / kg body weight to 1 g / kg body weight per adult day.
  • the daily dose can be administered at once or in several divided doses.
  • Cholesterol accumulation inhibitors can be used alone or in combination with one or more additional active ingredients, in particular active ingredients for the treatment and / or prevention of crystallin retinopathy.
  • the pharmaceutical composition may comprise one or more additional active ingredients in addition to the cholesterol accumulation inhibitor.
  • “Combination” of the ingredients is not only for the use of dosage forms containing all ingredients and for the combination of dosage forms containing each ingredient separately, but also for the prevention and / or treatment of crystallin retinopathy. As long as it is used, it also means that each component is administered simultaneously or delayed. It is also possible to use two or more additional active ingredients in combination.
  • Active ingredients suitable for combined use include, for example, adaptinol, chocolate A, calcium blocker, valproic acid, vitamin A, DHA, taurine, lutein, isopropyl unoprostone, brimonidine and the like.
  • a therapeutic method for eye diseases other than drug therapy can also be performed.
  • Suitable therapies include, for example, surgery, photodynamic therapy, gene therapy, regenerative medicine, artificial retina transplantation, laser therapy.
  • a food for reducing the risk of crystallin retinopathy, or maintaining or improving eye function comprising a cholesterol accumulation inhibitor
  • the food may be any general food form containing a cholesterol accumulation inhibitor.
  • drinks such as soft drinks and powdered drinks can be prepared by adding an appropriate flavor. Specifically, for example, it can be eaten and eaten as juice, milk, confectionery, jelly, yogurt, rice cake, and the like.
  • This health functional food includes food for specified health use and food with nutritional function.
  • the food for specified health use is, for example, a food that can indicate that a specific health purpose can be expected, such as reducing the risk of crystallin retinopathy or maintaining or improving eye function.
  • functional nutritional food is a food that can indicate the function of the nutritional component when the amount of nutritional component included in the daily intake standard amount conforms to the national and national standards for upper and lower limits. is there.
  • Dietary supplements include so-called nutritional supplements or health supplements.
  • Specified health foods are foods that are labeled for use in applications such as reducing the risk of crystallin retinopathy or maintaining or improving eye function, and that they are used in such applications. Foods that include written documents (so-called Noh) as packages are also included.
  • a composition for treatment and / or prevention of crystallin retinopathy comprising a cholesterol accumulation inhibitor.
  • the cholesterol accumulation inhibitor is a cyclodextrin compound or a vitamin E compound.
  • the cholesterol accumulation inhibitor is a cyclodextrin compound.
  • the cholesterol accumulation inhibitor is a ⁇ -cyclodextrin or ⁇ -cyclodextrin in which at least one hydroxyl group may be alkylated or hydroxyalkylated, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester thereof, Item 4.
  • Items 1 to 4 wherein the cholesterol accumulation inhibitor is 2-hydroxypropyl- ⁇ -cyclodextrin (HPBCD), 2-hydroxypropyl- ⁇ -cyclodextrin (HPGCD) or methyl- ⁇ -cyclodextrin (MBCD) 5.
  • HPBCD 2-hydroxypropyl- ⁇ -cyclodextrin
  • HPGCD 2-hydroxypropyl- ⁇ -cyclodextrin
  • MBCD methyl- ⁇ -cyclodextrin
  • a composition according to 1. [10] The composition according to item 8, wherein in the formula (I), each R is independently H or alkyl optionally substituted with hydroxy. [11] The composition according to item 8 or 10, wherein in formula (I), each R is independently H, methyl, ethyl, propyl, or hydroxypropyl. [12] The composition according to any one of items 8 to 11, wherein n is 1, 2, or 3 in formula (I). [13] The composition according to any one of items 8 to 12, wherein n is 2 or 3 in formula (I).
  • the composition according to item 1 or 2 wherein the cholesterol accumulation inhibitor is a vitamin E compound.
  • the method according to item 18, wherein the cholesterol accumulation inhibitor is any one of items 2 to 17.
  • [20] Use of a cholesterol accumulation inhibitor for the treatment and / or prevention of crystallin retinopathy. [21] The use according to item 20, wherein the cholesterol accumulation inhibitor is one according to any one of items 2 to 17. [22] Use of a cholesterol accumulation inhibitor for the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment and / or prevention of crystallin retinopathy. [23] The use according to item 22, wherein the cholesterol accumulation inhibitor is any one of items 2 to 17.
  • P2-P3 cells WT iPS-RPE cells and BCD iPS-RPE cells
  • the lineage of cells derived from 3 healthy persons is divided into NOR-1, NOR-2 and NOR-3
  • the lineage of cells derived from 3 crystallin retinopathy patients is divided into BCD-1, BCD-2 and BCD. -3.
  • Experiment 2 Expression of CYP4V2 protein in iPS-RPE cells
  • the expression of CYP4V2 protein was analyzed by Western blotting. SDS- lysates of undifferentiated cells (WT iPS cells and BCD iPS cells) and P2 differentiated cells (WT iPS-RPE cells and BCDiPS-RPE cells) and human RPE cultured cells (ARPE19) (protein 20 ⁇ g / lane) They were separated by PAGE and transferred to a PVDF membrane.
  • CYP4V2 and ⁇ -actin were detected with anti-cyp4v2 antibody (sigma, rabbit polyclonal, 1: 100) and anti- ⁇ -actin antibody (Millipore, mouse monoclonal, 1: 10000). The results are shown in FIG. Expression of CYP4V2 protein was not observed in undifferentiated cells. In differentiated cells, expression of CYP4V2 protein was observed in WT iPS-RPE cells derived from healthy subjects, but not in BCD iPS-RPE cells derived from patients with crystal retinopathy.
  • WT iPS-RPE cells had a typical RPE cell morphology, namely polygonal shape and pigment granules.
  • BCD iPS-RPE cells showed vacuolar degeneration, enlargement and pigment granule excess.
  • WTiPS-RPE was a monolayer of highly polarized cubic cells with abundant apical microvilli and pigment granules.
  • BCD iPS-RPE cells showed accumulation and cytopathicity of melanosomes, lysosomes and autophagosomes.
  • Experiment 5 Proliferation ability of iPS-RPE cells
  • a 24-well plate (Costar) was coated with CELLstat TM (Gibco) at 4 ° C overnight, and then the coating solution was removed.
  • 2.1 ⁇ 10 4 iPS-RPE cells were seeded in each well in an RPE culture medium (DMEM / F12 medium, B27 (Invitrogen) and penicillin / streptomycin added) to obtain iPS-RPE progenitor cells.
  • RPE culture medium DMEM / F12 medium, B27 (Invitrogen) and penicillin / streptomycin added
  • the proliferative ability was evaluated. At the end of the culture on days 1, 2 and 3, 25 ⁇ l of Cell Count Reagent SF (Nacalai Tesque) was added to 225 ⁇ l of culture and incubated for 0.5 hours. The absorbance at 450 nm (reference 650 nm) of each well was measured with a microplate reader (ARVO), and the number of cells was calculated. The results are shown in FIG. BCD iPS-RPE progenitor cells were less proliferative than WT iPS-RPE progenitor cells.
  • P2 WT iPS-RPE progenitor cells (NOR-1) and BCD iPS-RPE progenitor cells (BCD-1) were cultured for 3 days and immunized with anti-Ki67 antibody (DAKO, mouse monoclonal, 1: 100) and DAPI Histochemical staining was performed. The ratio of the number of Ki67 positive cells to the number of DAPI positive cells was calculated. The results are shown in FIG. The ratio of BCD ⁇ iPS-RPE cells to Ki67 positive cells was lower than that of WT iPS-RPE cells.
  • Ki67 is a cell cycle-related nuclear protein, and is expressed in proliferating cells in the G1, S, G2, and M phases, but not in the G0 phase where growth is paused. Therefore, the expression level of Ki67 reflects the number of proliferating cells. This result indicates that BCD iPS-RPE cells are less proliferative than WT iPS-RPE cells. When the cells were observed with a bright field microscope, the number of BCDBiPS-RPE cells was clearly smaller than that of WT iPS-RPE cells.
  • Experiment 7 Change in proliferation ability of iPS-RPE cells by introduction of CYP4V2 gene Adenovirus vector construction pIRES-EGFP-CYP4V2 (WT) containing wild type CYP4V2 gene and pIRES-EGFP containing mutant CYP4V2 gene in cosmid DNA (pAxcwit2DNA) -CYP4V2 (mut) or pIRES-EGFP (control) was ligated to generate cosmid DNA. This was transfected into 293 cells to obtain recombinant adenovirus. As in Experiment 5, iPS-RPE cells were seeded in 24-well plates. However, the above three kinds of recombinant adenoviruses were infected two days before sowing.
  • FIG. 7 shows the results of evaluating cell proliferation ability in the same manner as in Experiment 5.
  • BCD + CYP4V2 (WT) vs. BCD + GFP
  • day 5 p 0.024
  • day 7 p 0.006.
  • the proliferation ability of BCDBiPS-RPE progenitor cells introduced with the wild-type CYP4V2 gene was significantly higher than that of BCD iPS-RPE progenitor cells introduced with the mutant or control gene. This result shows that the phenotype of cells derived from patients with crystal retinopathy was restored by the wild-type CYP4V2 gene.
  • Experiment 8 Changes in modified cells caused by CYP4V2 gene transfer P2 WT iPS-RPE cells (NOR-2) and BCD iPS-RPE cells (BCD-2) were further cultured for 3 months. Infected with recombinant adenovirus. Furthermore, it culture
  • the percentage of degenerated cells in BCD iPS-RPE cells introduced with the wild-type CYP4V2 gene was significantly lower than BCD iPS-RPE cells introduced with the mutant or control gene. This result shows that the phenotype of cells derived from patients with crystal retinopathy was restored by the wild-type CYP4V2 gene.
  • BCD iPS-RPE cells In the absence of bafilomycin A (Tx-), BCD iPS-RPE cells have higher levels of LC3 and p62 compared to WT iPS-RPE cells, suggesting that autophagy is inhibited .
  • bafilomycin A Baf A1
  • LC3 and p62 Increase in WT iPS-RPE cells compared to Tx-, but no effect of bafilomycin A was seen in BCD iPS-RPE cells.
  • Autophagy was inhibited by lysosome inhibitors in WT iPS-RPE cells, but autophagy was always inhibited in BCD iPS-RPE cells, so it is considered that they were not affected by lysosome inhibitors.
  • P2 WT iPS-RPE cells and BCD iPS-RPE cells were further cultured for 3 months, and anti-p62 (BD (610932), mouse monoclonal, 1:50), anti-lamp2 (abcam (ab25631), mouse IgG1, 1: 100). ) And DAPI. Immunostaining also confirmed increased expression of Lamp2, a lysosomal protein, and increased p62 expression in BCD iPS-RPE cells, suggesting that autophagy flow is impaired along with lysosomal accumulation in BCD PS-RPE cells. It was done.
  • Experiment 15 Effect of Cholesterol Accumulation Inhibitor on Cell Degeneration in BCD iPS-RPE Cells
  • BCD-1 BCD iPS-RPE cells
  • Experiment 18 Effect of cholesterol accumulation inhibitor on lysosomal function of BCD iPS-RPE cells
  • P2 BCD iPS-RPE cells (BCD-1-3) were further cultured for 3 months, 50 ⁇ M NBDNJ, 1 mM HPBCD or 1 mM HPGCD And cultured for 14 days.
  • the HPBCD and HPGCD treated groups had improved lysosomal function compared to the untreated group.
  • Experiment 20 Effect of cholesterol accumulation inhibitor on autophagy damage of BCD iPS-RPE cells
  • P2 BCD iPS-RPE cells (BCD-1-3) were further cultured for 3 months and then cultured with 1 mM HPBCD for 14 days.
  • the results are shown in FIG.
  • the levels of LC3-II and p62 were low compared to the untreated group (Tx ( ⁇ ) group). This suggests that autophagy disorder was improved by HPBCD treatment.

Abstract

The present disclosure provides: a composition for treating and/or preventing crystalline retinopathy, the composition containing a cholesterol accumulation inhibitor; a method for treating and/or preventing crystalline retinopathy, the method comprising the administration of a cholesterol accumulation inhibitor to a subject; and the use of a cholesterol accumulation inhibitor for treating and/or preventing crystalline retinopathy.

Description

クリスタリン網膜症の処置および/または予防方法Method for treating and / or preventing crystallin retinopathy
 本特許出願は、日本国特許出願第2017-090296号について優先権を主張するものであり、ここに参照することによって、その全体が本明細書中へ組み込まれるものとする。
 本願は、クリスタリン網膜症を処置および/または予防するためのコレステロール蓄積阻害剤の使用に関する。
This patent application claims priority from Japanese Patent Application No. 2017-090296, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
The present application relates to the use of cholesterol accumulation inhibitors for treating and / or preventing crystallin retinopathy.
 クリスタリン網膜症は、1937年にBiettiが報告した常染色体劣性遺伝形式の網膜変性疾患であり、常染色体劣性遺伝型の網膜変性疾患の約10%を占める(非特許文献1)。日本人を含むアジア人に多く、通常、20歳代以降に進行性の視野および視力の障害が現れ、60歳代以降で失明に至る。クリスタリン網膜症では網膜視細胞および網膜色素上皮(RPE)細胞の萎縮が進行性に生じ、眼底にみられるクリスタル様沈着物が特徴的な所見である。光干渉断層計(OCT)などの検査機器の発達により、クリスタル様沈着物がRPE細胞に多くみられること、RPE細胞の萎縮が網膜萎縮に先行することなどが報告されておりRPE細胞が初期病変であると考えられている(非特許文献2)。 Crystalline retinopathy is an autosomal recessive retinal degenerative disease reported by Bietti in 1937 and accounts for about 10% of autosomal recessive retinal degenerative diseases (Non-patent Document 1). Many Asians, including Japanese, usually develop progressive visual field and visual impairment after the 20s, and lose vision after the 60s. Crystalline retinopathy is characterized by progressive atrophy of retinal photoreceptor cells and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells, and crystal-like deposits found in the fundus. Due to the development of inspection equipment such as optical coherence tomography (OCT), it has been reported that crystal-like deposits are often observed in RPE cells, and that RPE cell atrophy precedes retinal atrophy. (Non-patent Document 2).
 患者からRPE細胞を採取できないため、クリスタリン網膜症の詳細な病態は解明されていない。クリスタリン網膜症とCYP4V2遺伝子(4q35)の変異との関連が2004年に報告された(非特許文献3)。CYP4V2はRPE細胞で強い発現が見られ、脂質代謝に関わる酵素であると想定されるが、その詳細な機能は明らかになっていない(非特許文献4)。クリスタリン網膜症の病態を解明し、病態に基づいた治療法を確立することが求められている。 Because RPE cells cannot be collected from patients, the detailed pathology of crystallin retinopathy has not been elucidated. An association between crystallin retinopathy and a mutation in the CYP4V2 gene (4q35) was reported in 2004 (Non-patent Document 3). Although CYP4V2 is strongly expressed in RPE cells and assumed to be an enzyme involved in lipid metabolism, its detailed function has not been clarified (Non-patent Document 4). There is a need to elucidate the pathophysiology of crystallin retinopathy and to establish a treatment based on the pathophysiology.
国際公開第2015/083736号International Publication No. 2015/083736 特表2015-524444号公報Special table 2015-524444 gazette
 本願は、クリスタリン網膜症の処置および/または予防方法を提供することを目的とする。 The present application aims to provide a method for the treatment and / or prevention of crystallin retinopathy.
 本発明者らは、iPS細胞を用いてクリスタリン網膜症の病態を研究し、クリスタリン網膜症とRPE細胞内の遊離コレステロール蓄積との関連を初めて見出した。さらに、コレステロール蓄積阻害剤により、クリスタリン網膜症に特徴的なRPE細胞の異常が低減されることを示した。 The present inventors have studied the pathophysiology of crystallin retinopathy using iPS cells, and have found for the first time a relationship between crystallin retinopathy and free cholesterol accumulation in RPE cells. Furthermore, it was shown that cholesterol accumulation inhibitors reduce the abnormalities of RPE cells characteristic of crystallin retinopathy.
 従って、ある態様では、本願は、コレステロール蓄積阻害剤を含むクリスタリン網膜症の処置および/または予防用の組成物を提供する。
 別の態様では、本願は、コレステロール蓄積阻害剤を対象に投与することを含む、クリスタリン網膜症の処置および/または予防方法を提供する。
 また別の態様では、本願は、クリスタリン網膜症の処置および/または予防のためのコレステロール蓄積阻害剤の使用を提供する。
 また別の態様では、本願は、クリスタリン網膜症の処置および/または予防用の医薬を製造するための、コレステロール蓄積阻害剤の使用を提供する。
Accordingly, in certain aspects, the present application provides a composition for the treatment and / or prevention of crystallin retinopathy comprising a cholesterol accumulation inhibitor.
In another aspect, the present application provides a method for the treatment and / or prevention of crystallin retinopathy comprising administering to a subject a cholesterol accumulation inhibitor.
In yet another aspect, the present application provides the use of a cholesterol accumulation inhibitor for the treatment and / or prevention of crystallin retinopathy.
In yet another aspect, the present application provides the use of a cholesterol accumulation inhibitor for the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment and / or prevention of crystallin retinopathy.
 本願の開示に従い、クリスタリン網膜症を処置および/または予防し得る。 According to the disclosure of the present application, crystallin retinopathy can be treated and / or prevented.
健常人(WT)またはクリスタリン網膜症患者(BCD)に由来する未分化iPS細胞、および、それらを分化させたiPS-RPE細胞におけるCYP4V2タンパク質の発現を示す。FIG. 6 shows the expression of CYP4V2 protein in undifferentiated iPS cells derived from healthy individuals (WT) or crystallin retinopathy patients (BCD) and iPS-RPE cells differentiated from them. WT iPS-RPE細胞およびBCD iPS-RPE細胞の明視野顕微鏡像を示す。Shown are bright field microscopic images of WT iPS-RPE cells and BCD iPS-RPE cells. WT iPS-RPE細胞およびBCD iPS-RPE細胞の電子顕微鏡像を示す。Electron microscopic images of WT iPS-RPE cells and BCD iPS-RPE cells are shown. 細胞数により測定したWT iPS-RPE前駆細胞およびBCD iPS-RPE前駆細胞の増殖能を示す。BCD vs.NOR;スチューデントのt検定;各群n=3The proliferative ability of WT iPS-RPE progenitor cells and BCD iPS-RPE progenitors measured by cell number is shown. BCD vs. NOR; Student's t-test; each group n = 3 Ki67発現量により測定したWT iPS-RPE前駆細胞およびBCD iPS-RPE前駆細胞の増殖能を示す。BCD vs.NOR;スチューデントのt検定;各群n=4The proliferative ability of WT iPS-RPE progenitor cells and BCD iPS-RPE progenitor cells measured by the expression level of Ki67 is shown. BCD vs. NOR; Student's t-test; each group n = 4 WT iPS-RPE前駆細胞およびBCD iPS-RPE前駆細胞の死細胞率を示す。BCD vs.NOR;スチューデントのt検定;各群n=3The dead cell rate of WT iPS-RPE progenitor cells and BCD iPS-RPE progenitor cells is shown. BCD vs. NOR; Student's t-test; each group n = 3 CYP4V2遺伝子(正常もしくは変異遺伝子)を導入したWT iPS-RPE前駆細胞およびBCD iPS-RPE前駆細胞の増殖能を示す。一元配置分散分析の後、ダネットの検定;各群n=4。BCD+CYP4V2(WT)vs.BCD+CYP4V2(mut):day1 p=0.003、day5 p=0.003、day7p=0.003。BCD+CYP4V2(WT)vs.BCD+GFP:day5 p=0.024、day7 p=0.006The proliferation ability of WT iPS-RPE progenitor cells and BCD iPS-RPE progenitor cells into which CYP4V2 gene (normal or mutant gene) has been introduced is shown. After one-way analysis of variance, Dunnett's test; each group n = 4. BCD + CYP4V2 (WT) vs. BCD + CYP4V2 (mut): day1 p = 0.003, day5 p = 0.003, day7p = 0.003. BCD + CYP4V2 (WT) vs. BCD + GFP: day5 p = 0.024, day7 p = 0.006 CYP4V2遺伝子(正常もしくは変異遺伝子)を導入したWT iPS-RPE細胞およびBCD iPS-RPE細胞における変性細胞の割合を示す。一元配置分散分析の後、テューキーの検定;各群n=5The percentage of denatured cells in WT iPS-RPE cells and BCD iPS-RPE cells into which CYP4V2 gene (normal or mutant gene) has been introduced is shown. After one-way analysis of variance, Tukey's test; each group n = 5 WT iPS-RPE細胞およびBCD iPS-RPE細胞における、バフィロマイシンAの存在下または非存在下でのオートファジー関連タンパク質の発現を示す。NOR Tx- vs.NOR BafA1:*p=0.0459(LC3-II)、*p=0.0496(p62)、n=3、対応のあるt検定;NOR Tx- vs.BCD Tx-、***p<0.001(LC3-II)、**p=0.0013(p62)、n=3、スチューデントのt検定FIG. 3 shows autophagy-related protein expression in the presence or absence of bafilomycin A in WT iPS-RPE cells and BCD 存在 iPS-RPE cells. NOR Tx- vs. NOR BafA1: * p = 0.0459 (LC3-II), * p = 0.0496 (p62), n = 3, paired t-test; NOR Tx- vs. BCD Tx-, *** p <0.001 (LC3-II), ** p = 0.0014 (p62), n = 3, Student's t test WT iPS-RPE細胞およびBCD iPS-RPE細胞におけるLysoTracker陽性細胞の割合を示す。BCD vs.NOR;スチューデントのt検定;各細胞株につきn=3The ratio of LysoTracker positive cells in WT iPS-RPE cells and BCD iPS-RPE cells is shown. BCD vs. NOR; Student's t-test; n = 3 for each cell line WT iPS-RPE細胞およびBCD iPS-RPE細胞の細胞内の糖セラミドの量を示す。NOR vs.BCD;スチューデントのt検定;n=10The amount of sugar ceramide in the cells of WT iPS-RPE cells and BCD iPS-RPE cells is shown. NOR vs. BCD; Student's t-test; n = 10 WT iPS-RPE細胞およびBCD iPS-RPE細胞の細胞内のコレステロールエステルの量を示す。NOR vs.BCD;スチューデントのt検定;n=8The amount of cholesterol ester in the cells of WT iPS-RPE cells and BCD iPS-RPE cells is shown. NOR vs. BCD; Student's t-test; n = 8 WT iPS-RPE細胞およびBCD iPS-RPE細胞の細胞内の遊離コレステロールの量を示す。NOR vs.BCD;スチューデントのt検定;n=3The amount of free cholesterol in the cells of WT iPS-RPE cells and BCD iPS-RPE cells is shown. NOR vs. BCD; Student's t-test; n = 3 NBDNJ、HPBCD、HPGCD、MBCDまたはδ-Tで処理したBCD iPS-RPE細胞における細胞内の遊離コレステロールおよびコレステロールエステルの量を示す。一元配置分散分析の後、ダネットの検定;n=3The amounts of intracellular free cholesterol and cholesterol esters in BCD iPS-RPE cells treated with NBDNJ, HPBCD, HPGCD, MBCD or δ-T are shown. After one-way analysis of variance, Dunnett's test; n = 3 NBDNJ、HPBCDまたはHPGCDで処理したBCD iPS-RPE細胞における変性細胞の割合を示す。一元配置分散分析の後、ダネットの検定;n=3The percentage of degenerated cells in BCD iPS-RPE cells treated with NBDNJ, HPBCD or HPGCD is shown. After one-way analysis of variance, Dunnett's test; n = 3 HPBCDで処理したBCD iPS-RPE細胞の電子顕微鏡像を示す。An electron microscope image of BCD iPS-RPE cells treated with HPBCD is shown. NBDNJ、HPBCD、HPGCD、MBCDまたはδ-Tで処理したBCD iPS-RPE前駆細胞の増殖能を示す。一元配置分散分析の後、ダネットの検定;各群n=4The proliferation ability of BCDBiPS-RPE progenitor cells treated with NBDNJ, HPBCD, HPGCD, MBCD or δ-T is shown. After one-way analysis of variance, Dunnett's test; each group n = 4 NBDNJ、HPBCD、HPGCD、MBCDまたはδ-Tで処理したBCD iPS-RPE前駆細胞の死細胞率を示す。一元配置分散分析の後、ダネットの検定;各群n=3The dead cell rate of BCD iPS-RPE progenitor cells treated with NBDNJ, HPBCD, HPGCD, MBCD or δ-T is shown. After one-way analysis of variance, Dunnett's test; each group n = 3 NBDNJ、HPBCDまたはHPGCDで処理したBCD iPS-RPE細胞におけるLysoTracker陽性細胞の割合を示す。一元配置分散分析の後、ダネットの検定;各細胞株につきn=3The percentage of LysoTracker positive cells in BCD iPS-RPE cells treated with NBDNJ, HPBCD or HPGCD is shown. After one-way analysis of variance, Dunnett's test; n = 3 for each cell line NBDNJ、HPBCDまたはHPGCDで処理したBCD iPS-RPE細胞における各種の糖セラミドの量を示す。一元配置分散分析の後、ダネットの検定;n=3The amounts of various sugar ceramides in BCD iPS-RPE cells treated with NBDNJ, HPBCD or HPGCD are shown. After one-way analysis of variance, Dunnett's test; n = 3 NBDNJ、HPBCDまたはHPGCDで処理したBCD iPS-RPE細胞における各種のコレステロールエステルの量を示す。一元配置分散分析の後、ダネットの検定;n=3The amounts of various cholesterol esters in BCD iPS-RPE cells treated with NBDNJ, HPBCD or HPGCD are shown. After one-way analysis of variance, Dunnett's test; n = 3 NBDNJ、HPBCDまたはHPGCDで処理したBCD iPS-RPE細胞における各種のコレステロールエステルの量を示す。一元配置分散分析の後、ダネットの検定;n=3The amounts of various cholesterol esters in BCD iPS-RPE cells treated with NBDNJ, HPBCD or HPGCD are shown. After one-way analysis of variance, Dunnett's test; n = 3 HPBCDで処理したBCD iPS-RPE細胞におけるにおけるオートファジー関連タンパク質の発現を示す。対応のあるt検定;n=3Figure 3 shows the expression of autophagy-related proteins in BCD iPS-RPE cells treated with HPBCD. Paired t-test; n = 3
 特に具体的な定めのない限り、本明細書で使用される用語は、有機化学、医学、薬学、分子生物学、微生物学等の分野における当業者に一般に理解されるとおりの意味を有する。以下にいくつかの本明細書で使用される用語についての定義を記載するが、これらの定義は、本明細書において、一般的な理解に優先する。 Unless otherwise specified, the terms used in the present specification have meanings as generally understood by those skilled in the fields of organic chemistry, medicine, pharmacy, molecular biology, microbiology and the like. The following are definitions for some of the terms used in this specification, but these definitions take precedence over the general understanding herein.
 本明細書では、数値が「約」の用語を伴う場合、その値の±10%の範囲を含むことを意図する。例えば、「約20」は、「18~22」を含むものとする。数値の範囲は、両端点の間の全ての数値および両端点の数値を含む。範囲に関する「約」は、その範囲の両端点に適用される。従って、例えば、「約20~30」は、「18~33」を含むものとする。 In this specification, when a numerical value is accompanied by the term “about”, it is intended to include a range of ± 10% of the value. For example, “about 20” includes “18-22”. The numerical range includes all numerical values between the end points and numerical values of the end points. “About” a range applies to the endpoints of the range. Thus, for example, “about 20-30” includes “18-33”.
 「コレステロール蓄積阻害剤」は、遊離コレステロールの合成もしくは取り込みを阻害するか、または、遊離コレステロールの細胞外排出を促進することにより、細胞内の遊離コレステロールの蓄積を阻害する物質を意味する。コレステロール蓄積阻害剤の例として、シクロデキストリン化合物、ビタミンE化合物、スタチン類などのHMG-CoA還元酵素阻害剤、ヒストンデアセチラーゼ阻害剤、リソソーム酸リパーゼ阻害剤が挙げられる。コレステロール蓄積阻害剤は、当分野で公知の方法で合成し得るか、または、購入し得る。 “Cholesterol accumulation inhibitor” means a substance that inhibits the accumulation of free cholesterol in cells by inhibiting the synthesis or uptake of free cholesterol or by promoting the extracellular excretion of free cholesterol. Examples of cholesterol accumulation inhibitors include HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors such as cyclodextrin compounds, vitamin E compounds, statins, histone deacetylase inhibitors, and lysosomal acid lipase inhibitors. Cholesterol accumulation inhibitors can be synthesized by methods known in the art or purchased.
 ある実施態様では、コレステロール蓄積阻害剤はシクロデキストリン化合物である。シクロデキストリンは、一般的に、グルコースがα-1,4結合で環状に結合した化合物を意味し、グルコースが6、7、8個環状に結合したものを、それぞれα-、β-、γ-シクロデキストリンと称する。「シクロデキストリン化合物」は、シクロデキストリン、および、シクロデキストリンの置換可能な基が置換されている誘導体、並びにそれらの薬学的に許容される塩、エステル、溶媒和物および水和物を含む。例えば、シクロデキストリン化合物は、α-、β-、γ-シクロデキストリン、および、α-、β-、γ-シクロデキストリンの置換可能な基が置換されている誘導体、並びにそれらの薬学的に許容される塩、エステル、溶媒和物および水和物を含む。 In one embodiment, the cholesterol accumulation inhibitor is a cyclodextrin compound. Cyclodextrin generally means a compound in which glucose is cyclically bonded with α-1,4 bonds, and glucose, which is formed by cyclically connecting 6, 7, or 8 glucoses, is α-, β-, γ-, respectively. It is called cyclodextrin. “Cyclodextrin compounds” include cyclodextrins and derivatives in which the cyclodextrin substitutable group is substituted, as well as pharmaceutically acceptable salts, esters, solvates and hydrates thereof. For example, cyclodextrin compounds include α-, β-, γ-cyclodextrin, and derivatives in which a displaceable group of α-, β-, γ-cyclodextrin is substituted, and pharmaceutically acceptable products thereof. Salts, esters, solvates and hydrates.
 ある実施態様において、シクロデキストリン化合物は、式(I)の化合物またはそれらの薬学的に許容される塩、エステル、溶媒和物もしくは水和物である。
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-C000001
 式中、各Rは独立して、H、アルキル、アルケニル、アルキニル、シクロアルキル、ヘテロシクロアルキル、アリール、またはヘテロアリールであって、これらはそれぞれ置換されていてもよく;または、-C(O)OR、-OC(O)R、-C(O)R、または-C(O)NRであり;
 各Rは独立して、アルキル、アルケニル、アルキニル、シクロアルキル、アリール、ヘテロアリール、ハロゲン、ヒドロキシ、アミノ、-CN、-CF、-N、-NO、-OR、-SR、-SOR、-SO、-N(R)S(O)-R、-N(R)S(O)NR、-NR、-C(O)OR、-OC(O)R、-C(O)R、-C(O)NR、またはN(R)C(O)Rであって、これらはそれぞれ置換されていてもよく;
 各Rは独立して、水素、アルキル、アルケニル、アルキニル、シクロアルキル、ヘテロシクロアルキル、アリール、またはヘテロアリールであって、これらはそれぞれ置換されていてもよく;
 各Rは独立して、水素、アルキル、アルケニル、アルキニル、シクロアルキル、ヘテロシクロアルキル、アリール、またはヘテロアリールであって、これらはそれぞれ置換されていてもよく;
 nは、1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、または10であり;そして
 各mは独立して、0、1、2、3、4、または5である。
In certain embodiments, the cyclodextrin compound is a compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, solvate or hydrate thereof.
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-C000001
Wherein each R is independently H, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl, each of which may be substituted; or —C (O ) OR B , —OC (O) R B , —C (O) R B , or —C (O) NR A R B ;
Each R 1 is independently alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, halogen, hydroxy, amino, —CN, —CF 3 , —N 3 , —NO 2 , —OR B , —SR B , —SOR B , —SO 2 R B , —N (R B ) S (O 2 ) —R B , —N (R B ) S (O 2 ) NR A R B , —NR A R B , —C (O) OR B , —OC (O) R B , —C (O) R B , —C (O) NR A R B , or N (R B ) C (O) R B , which are Each may be substituted;
Each R A is independently hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl, each of which may be substituted;
Each R B is independently hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl, each of which may be substituted;
n is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10; and each m is independently 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5.
 本明細書で用いられる用語「アルキル」は、炭素数1~10、好ましくは1~6の、飽和された、直鎖または分岐鎖の炭化水素基を示す。アルキル基の例は、これに限定されないが、メチル、エチル、プロピル、イソプロピル、n-ブチル、tert-ブチル、ネオペンチル、n-ヘキシル、ヘプチル、オクチル基などを包含する。 As used herein, the term “alkyl” refers to a saturated, linear or branched hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 6 carbon atoms. Examples of alkyl groups include, but are not limited to, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, tert-butyl, neopentyl, n-hexyl, heptyl, octyl groups, and the like.
 本明細書で用いられる用語「アルケニル」は、炭素数1~10、好ましくは1~6の、1つまたはそれ以上の二重結合を含んでいる直鎖または分岐鎖の炭化水素を意味する。アルケニル基は、これに限定されないが、例えば、エテニル、プロペニル、ブテニル、1-メチル-2-ブテン-1-イル、ヘプテニル、オクテニルなどを包含する。 As used herein, the term “alkenyl” means a straight or branched chain hydrocarbon having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 6 carbon atoms, containing one or more double bonds. Alkenyl groups include, but are not limited to, for example, ethenyl, propenyl, butenyl, 1-methyl-2-buten-1-yl, heptenyl, octenyl, and the like.
 本明細書で用いられる用語「アルキニル」は、炭素数1~10、好ましくは1~6の、1つまたはそれ以上の三重結合を含んでいる直鎖または分岐鎖の炭化水素を意味する。アルキニル基は、これに限定されないが、例えば、エチニル、1-プロピニル、1-ブチニル、ヘプチニル、オクチニルなどを包含する。 As used herein, the term “alkynyl” means a straight or branched chain hydrocarbon having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 6 carbon atoms, containing one or more triple bonds. Alkynyl groups include, but are not limited to, for example, ethynyl, 1-propynyl, 1-butynyl, heptynyl, octynyl, and the like.
 用語「シクロアルキル」は、単環式または多環式の飽和炭素環化合物から派生する一価の基を示す。シクロアルキルの例は、これに限定されないが、シクロプロピル、シクロブチル、シクロペンチル、シクロヘキシル、ビシクロ[2.2.1]ヘプチルおよびビシクロ[2.2.2]オクチルなどを包含する。用語「炭素環」または「炭素環式」または「カルボシクリル」は、環原子として0個のヘテロ原子を含んでいる飽和(例えば、「シクロアルキル」)、部分飽和(例えば、「シクロアルケニル」またはシクロアルキニル)または完全不飽和(例えば、「アリール」)環系を示す。カルボシクリルは単環、2またはそれ以上の縮合環、架橋またはスピロ環であってよいが、これに限定されない。カルボシクリルは、例えば、3~10個の環員原子を含有できる。置換されたカルボシクリルはシスまたはトランスの何れかの配置を有することができる。カルボシクリル基の代表的な例は、これに限定されないが、シクロプロピル、シクロブチル、シクロペンチル、シクロヘキシル、シクロヘプチル、シクロオクチル、シクロペンテニル、シクロペンタジエニル、シクロヘキサジエニル、アダマンチル、デカヒドロ-ナフタレニル、オクタヒドロ-インデニル、シクロヘキセニル、フェニル、ナフチル、フルオレニル、インダニル、1,2,3,4-テトラヒドロ-ナフチル、インデニル、イソインデニル、ビシクロデカニル、アントラセニル、フェナントレン、ベンゾナフテニル(「フェナレニル」として知られている)、デカリニル、およびノルピナニルなどを包含する。カルボシクリル基は、置換可能な基の炭素原子の何れかを介して親分子部分に結合できる。 The term “cycloalkyl” refers to a monovalent group derived from a monocyclic or polycyclic saturated carbocyclic compound. Examples of cycloalkyl include, but are not limited to, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, bicyclo [2.2.1] heptyl, bicyclo [2.2.2] octyl, and the like. The term “carbocycle” or “carbocyclic” or “carbocyclyl” includes saturated (eg, “cycloalkyl”), partially saturated (eg, “cycloalkenyl” or cyclo) containing 0 heteroatoms as ring atoms. Alkynyl) or a fully unsaturated (eg, “aryl”) ring system. A carbocyclyl may be, but is not limited to, a single ring, two or more fused rings, a bridge or a spiro ring. Carbocyclyl can contain, for example, 3 to 10 member atoms. The substituted carbocyclyl can have either a cis or trans configuration. Representative examples of carbocyclyl groups include, but are not limited to, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, cyclopentenyl, cyclopentadienyl, cyclohexadienyl, adamantyl, decahydro-naphthalenyl, octahydro- Indenyl, cyclohexenyl, phenyl, naphthyl, fluorenyl, indanyl, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-naphthyl, indenyl, isoindenyl, bicyclodecanyl, anthracenyl, phenanthrene, benzonaphthenyl (known as “phenalenyl”), decalinyl And norpinanyl and the like. A carbocyclyl group can be attached to the parent molecular moiety through any of the substitutable group's carbon atoms.
 用語「アリール」は、6~14個の環員原子を含んでいる芳香族のカルボシクリルを示す。アリールの限定されない例は、フェニル、ナフタレニル、アントラセニル、およびインデニルなどを包含する。アリール基は置換可能な基の炭素原子の何れかを介して親分子部分に結合できる。 The term “aryl” refers to an aromatic carbocyclyl containing 6 to 14 ring atoms. Non-limiting examples of aryl include phenyl, naphthalenyl, anthracenyl, indenyl and the like. The aryl group can be attached to the parent molecular moiety through any of the substitutable group's carbon atoms.
 用語「ヘテロアリール」は、一般的に5~18個の環員原子(ここで、少なくとも1つの環員原子はヘテロ原子である)を含んでいる芳香族のヘテロシクリルを意味する。ヘテロアリールは単環、または2またはそれ以上の縮合環であってよい。5員環ヘテロアリールの限定されない例は、チアゾリル;1,2,3-、1,2,4-、1,2,5-、および1,3,4-オキサジオザリル;およびイソチアゾリルを包含する。6員環ヘテロアリールの限定されない例は、ピリジニル;ピラジニル;ピリミジニル;ピリダジニル;および1,3,5-、1,2,4-、および1,2,3-トリアジニルを包含する。6/5員環の縮合環ヘテロアリールの限定されない例は、ベンゾチオフラニル、イソベンゾチオフラニル、ベンズイソキサゾリル、ベンズオキサゾリル、プリニル、およびアントラニリルを包含する。6/6員環の縮合環ヘテロアリールの限定されない例は、キノリニル;イソキノリニル;およびベンゾキサジニル(シンノリニルおよびキナゾリニルを含んでいる)を包含する。 The term “heteroaryl” means an aromatic heterocyclyl generally containing from 5 to 18 ring member atoms, where at least one ring member atom is a heteroatom. Heteroaryl may be a single ring or two or more fused rings. Non-limiting examples of 5-membered heteroaryl include thiazolyl; 1,2,3-, 1,2,4-, 1,2,5-, and 1,3,4-oxadiozalyl; and isothiazolyl. Non-limiting examples of 6-membered heteroaryl include pyridinyl; pyrazinyl; pyrimidinyl; pyridazinyl; and 1,3,5-, 1,2,4- and 1,2,3-triazinyl. Non-limiting examples of 6/5 membered fused ring heteroaryls include benzothiofuranyl, isobenzothiofuranyl, benzisoxazolyl, benzoxazolyl, purinyl, and anthranilyl. Non-limiting examples of 6/6 membered fused ring heteroaryl include quinolinyl; isoquinolinyl; and benzoxazinyl (including cinnolinyl and quinazolinyl).
 用語「ヘテロシクロアルキル」は非芳香族3-、4-、5-、6-または7-員環、または2環式または3環式の縮合系を示し、ここで少なくとも1つの環員原子はヘテロ原子であり、そしてここで、(i)それぞれの5員環は0~1の二重結合を有し、そしてそれぞれの6員環は0~2の二重結合を有し、(ii)窒素および硫黄原子は酸化されていてもよく、(iii)窒素ヘテロ原子は4級化されていてもよく、そして(iv)上記の環は何れもベンゼン環に縮合していてもよい。代表的なヘテロシクロアルキル基は、これに限定されないが、[1.3]ジオキソラン、ピロリジニル、ピラゾリニル、ピラゾリジニル、イミダゾリニル、イミダゾリジニル、ピペリジニル、ピペラジニル、オキサゾリジニル、イソキサゾリジニル、モルホリニル、チアゾリジニル、イソチアゾリジニル、およびテトラヒドロフリルなどを包含する。 The term “heterocycloalkyl” denotes a non-aromatic 3-, 4-, 5-, 6- or 7-membered ring, or a bicyclic or tricyclic fused system, wherein at least one ring atom is And (i) each 5-membered ring has 0-1 double bonds and each 6-membered ring has 0-2 double bonds, and (ii) Nitrogen and sulfur atoms may be oxidized, (iii) nitrogen heteroatoms may be quaternized, and (iv) any of the above rings may be fused to a benzene ring. Exemplary heterocycloalkyl groups include, but are not limited to, [1.3] dioxolane, pyrrolidinyl, pyrazolinyl, pyrazolidinyl, imidazolinyl, imidazolidinyl, piperidinyl, piperazinyl, oxazolidinyl, isoxazolidinyl, morpholinyl, thiazolidinyl, isothiazo Includes lysinyl, tetrahydrofuryl and the like.
 用語「ハロ」および「ハロゲン」はフッ素、塩素、臭素およびヨウ素から選ばれる原子を意味する。 The terms “halo” and “halogen” mean atoms selected from fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine.
 用語「置換されていてもよい」は、その基の1個、2個、または3個またはそれ以上の水素原子が以下の置換基のいずれかで独立して置換されていてもよいことを意味する。
 -アルキル、-アルケニル、-アルキニル、-アリール、-アリールアルキル、-ヘテロアリール、-ヘテロアリールアルキル、-ヘテロシクロアルキル、-シクロアルキル、-酸素環、-複素環、
 -F、-Cl、-Br、-I、
 -OH、保護されたヒドロキシ、アルコキシ、オキソ、チオオキソ、
 -NO、-CN、-CF、N
 -NH、保護されたアミノ、-NHアルキル、-NHアルケニル、-NHアルキニル、-NHシクロアルキル、-NH-アリール、-NH-ヘテロアリール、-NH-複素環、-ジアルキルアミノ、-ジアリールアミノ、-ジヘテロアリールアミノ、
 -O-アルキル、-O-アルケニル、-O-アルキニル、-O-シクロアルキル、-O-アリール、-O-ヘテロアリール、-O-複素環、
 -C(O)-アルキル、-C(O)-アルケニル、-C(O)-アルキニル。-C(O)-シクロアルキル、-C(O)-アリール、-C(O)-ヘテロアリール、-C(O)-ヘテロシクロアルキル、
 -CONH、-CONH-アルキル、-CONH-アルケニル、-CONH-アルキニル、-CONH-シクロアルキル、-CONH-アリール、-CONH-ヘテロアリール、-CONH-ヘテロシクロアルキル、
 -OCO-アルキル、-OCO-アルケニル、-OCO-アルキニル、-OCO-シクロアルキル、-OCO-アリール、-OCO-ヘテロアリール、-OCO-ヘテロシクロアルキル、-OCONH、-OCONH-アルキル、-OCONH-アルケニル、-OCONH-アルキニル、-OCONH-シクロアルキル、-OCONH-アリール、-OCONH-ヘテロアリール、-OCONH-ヘテロシクロアルキル、
 -NHC(O)-アルキル、-NHC(O)-アルケニル、-NHC(O)-アルキニル、-NHC(O)-シクロアルキル、-NHC(O)-アリール、-NHC(O)-ヘテロアリール、-NHC(O)-ヘテロシクロアルキル、-NHCO-アルキル、-NHCO-アルケニル、-NHCO-アルキニル、-NHCO-シクロアルキル、-NHCO-アリール、-NHCO-ヘテロアリール、-NHCO-ヘテロシクロアルキル、-NHC(O)NH、-NHC(O)NH-アルキル、-NHC(O)NH-アルケニル、-NHC(O)NH-アルキニル、-NHC(O)NH-シクロアルキル、-NHC(O)NH-アリール、-NHC(O)NH-ヘテロアリール、-NHC(O)NH-ヘテロシクロアルキル、-NHC(S)NH、-NHC(S)NH-アルキル、-NHC(S)NH-アルケニル、-NHC(S)NH-アルキニル、-NHC(S)NH-シクロアルキル、-NHC(S)NH-アリール、-NHC(S)NH-ヘテロアリール、-NHC(S)NH-ヘテロシクロアルキル、-NHC(NH)NH、-NHC(NH)NH-アルキル、-NHC(NH)NH-アルケニル、-NHC(NH)NH-アルキニル-NHC(NH)NH-シクロアルキル、-NHC(NH)NH-アリール、-NHC(NH)NH-ヘテロアリール、-NHC(NH)NH-ヘテロシクロルキル、-NHC(NH)-アルキル、-NHC(NH)-アルケニル、-NHC(NH)-アルキニル、-NHC(NH)-シクロアルキル、-NHC(NH)-アリール、-NHC(NH)-ヘテロアリール、-NHC(NH)-ヘテロシクロアルキル、
 -C(NH)NH-アルキル、-C(NH)NH-アルケニル、-C(NH)NH-アルキニル、-C(NH)NH-シクロアルキル、-C(NH)NH-アリール、-C(NH)NH-ヘテロアリール、-C(NH)NH-ヘテロシクロアルキル、
 -S(O)-アルキル、-S(O)-アルケニル、-S(O)-アルキニル、-S(O)-シクロアルキル、-S(O)-アリール、-S(O)-ヘテロアリール、-S(O)-ヘテロシクロアルキル、-SONH、-SONH-アルキル、-SONH-アルケニル、-SONH-アルキニル、-SONH-シクロアルキル、-SONH-アリール、-SONH-ヘテロアリール、-SONH-ヘテロシクロアルキル、
 -NHSO-アルキル、-NHSO-アルケニル、-NHSO-アルキニル、-NHSO-シクロルアキル、-NHSO-アリール、-NHSO-ヘテロアリール、-NHSO-ヘテロシクロアルキル、
 -CHNH-、CHSOCH、ポリアルコキシアルキル、ポリアルコキシ、-メトキシメトキシ、-メトキシエトキシ、-SH、-S-アルキル、-S-アルケニル、-S-アルキニル、-S-シクロアルキル、-S-アリール、-S-ヘテロアリール、-S-ヘテロシクロアルキル、またはメチルチオメチル。
The term “optionally substituted” means that one, two, three or more hydrogen atoms of the group may be independently substituted with any of the following substituents: To do.
-Alkyl, -alkenyl, -alkynyl, -aryl, -arylalkyl, -heteroaryl, -heteroarylalkyl, -heterocycloalkyl, -cycloalkyl, -oxygen ring, -heterocycle,
-F, -Cl, -Br, -I,
-OH, protected hydroxy, alkoxy, oxo, thiooxo,
-NO 2 , -CN, -CF 3 , N 3 ,
-NH 2 , protected amino, -NH alkyl, -NH alkenyl, -NH alkynyl, -NH cycloalkyl, -NH-aryl, -NH-heteroaryl, -NH-heterocycle, -dialkylamino, -diarylamino , -Diheteroarylamino,
—O-alkyl, —O-alkenyl, —O-alkynyl, —O-cycloalkyl, —O-aryl, —O-heteroaryl, —O-heterocycle,
-C (O) -alkyl, -C (O) -alkenyl, -C (O) -alkynyl. -C (O) -cycloalkyl, -C (O) -aryl, -C (O) -heteroaryl, -C (O) -heterocycloalkyl,
—CONH 2 , —CONH-alkyl, —CONH-alkenyl, —CONH-alkynyl, —CONH-cycloalkyl, —CONH-aryl, —CONH-heteroaryl, —CONH-heterocycloalkyl,
-OCO 2 -alkyl, -OCO 2 -alkenyl, -OCO 2 -alkynyl, -OCO 2 -cycloalkyl, -OCO 2 -aryl, -OCO 2 -heteroaryl, -OCO 2 -heterocycloalkyl, -OCONH 2 , -OCONH-alkyl, -OCONH-alkenyl, -OCONH-alkynyl, -OCONH-cycloalkyl, -OCONH-aryl, -OCONH-heteroaryl, -OCONH-heterocycloalkyl,
—NHC (O) -alkyl, —NHC (O) -alkenyl, —NHC (O) -alkynyl, —NHC (O) -cycloalkyl, —NHC (O) -aryl, —NHC (O) -heteroaryl, —NHC (O) -heterocycloalkyl, —NHCO 2 -alkyl, —NHCO 2 -alkenyl, —NHCO 2 -alkynyl, —NHCO 2 -cycloalkyl, —NHCO 2 -aryl, —NHCO 2 -heteroaryl, —NHCO 2 -heterocycloalkyl, —NHC (O) NH 2 , —NHC (O) NH-alkyl, —NHC (O) NH-alkenyl, —NHC (O) NH-alkynyl, —NHC (O) NH-cycloalkyl , -NHC (O) NH-aryl, -NHC (O) NH-heteroaryl, -NHC (O) NH-heterocyclo Alkyl, —NHC (S) NH 2 , —NHC (S) NH-alkyl, —NHC (S) NH-alkenyl, —NHC (S) NH-alkynyl, —NHC (S) NH-cycloalkyl, —NHC ( S) NH-aryl, -NHC (S) NH-heteroaryl, -NHC (S) NH-heterocycloalkyl, -NHC (NH) NH 2 , -NHC (NH) NH-alkyl, -NHC (NH) NH -Alkenyl, -NHC (NH) NH-alkynyl-NHC (NH) NH-cycloalkyl, -NHC (NH) NH-aryl, -NHC (NH) NH-heteroaryl, -NHC (NH) NH-heterocycloalkyl , -NHC (NH) -alkyl, -NHC (NH) -alkenyl, -NHC (NH) -alkynyl, -NHC (NH) -cycloalkyl, -NHC (NH) -aryl, -NHC (NH) -heteroaryl, -NHC (NH) -heterocycloalkyl,
-C (NH) NH-alkyl, -C (NH) NH-alkenyl, -C (NH) NH-alkynyl, -C (NH) NH-cycloalkyl, -C (NH) NH-aryl, -C (NH ) NH-heteroaryl, -C (NH) NH-heterocycloalkyl,
-S (O) -alkyl, -S (O) -alkenyl, -S (O) -alkynyl, -S (O) -cycloalkyl, -S (O) -aryl, -S (O) -heteroaryl, -S (O) - heterocycloalkyl, -SO 2 NH 2, -SO 2 NH- alkyl, -SO 2 NH- alkenyl, -SO 2 NH- alkynyl, -SO 2 NH- cycloalkyl, -SO 2 NH- Aryl, —SO 2 NH-heteroaryl, —SO 2 NH-heterocycloalkyl,
-NHSO 2 -alkyl, -NHSO 2 -alkenyl, -NHSO 2 -alkynyl, -NHSO 2 -cycloalkyl, -NHSO 2 -aryl, -NHSO 2 -heteroaryl, -NHSO 2 -heterocycloalkyl,
—CH 2 NH 2 —, CH 2 SO 2 CH 3 , polyalkoxyalkyl, polyalkoxy, -methoxymethoxy, -methoxyethoxy, -SH, -S-alkyl, -S-alkenyl, -S-alkynyl, -S- Cycloalkyl, -S-aryl, -S-heteroaryl, -S-heterocycloalkyl, or methylthiomethyl.
 ある実施態様において、式(I)中、各Rは独立して、H、アルキル、アルケニル、アルキニル、シクロアルキル、ヘテロシクロアルキル、アリール、またはヘテロアリールであって、これらはそれぞれ置換されていてもよく、好ましくはヒドロキシで置換されていてもよく;または、-C(O)OR、-OC(O)R、-C(O)R、または-C(O)NRである。 In certain embodiments, in formula (I), each R is independently H, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl, each of which may be substituted. Well, preferably optionally substituted with hydroxy; or with —C (O) OR B , —OC (O) R B , —C (O) R B , or —C (O) NR A R B is there.
 ある実施態様において、式(I)中、各Rは独立して、H、置換されていてもよいアルキル、-C(O)OR、-OC(O)R、-C(O)R、または-C(O)NRである。 In certain embodiments, in Formula (I), each R is independently H, optionally substituted alkyl, —C (O) OR B , —OC (O) R B , —C (O) R. B , or —C (O) NR A R B.
 ある実施態様において、式(I)中、各Rは独立して、H、ヒドロキシで置換されていてもよいアルキル、-C(O)OR、-OC(O)R、-C(O)R、または-C(O)NRである。 In some embodiments, in Formula (I), each R is independently H, alkyl optionally substituted with hydroxy, —C (O) OR B , —OC (O) R B , —C (O ) R B , or —C (O) NR A R B.
 ある実施態様において、式(I)中、各Rは独立して、H、または、ヒドロキシで置換されていてもよいアルキルである。 In one embodiment, in formula (I), each R is independently H or alkyl optionally substituted with hydroxy.
 ある実施態様において、式(I)中、各Rは独立して、H、メチル、エチル、プロピル、またはヒドロキシプロピルである。 In certain embodiments, in Formula (I), each R is independently H, methyl, ethyl, propyl, or hydroxypropyl.
 ある実施態様において、式(I)中、各Rは独立して、アルキル、アルケニル、アルキニル、シクロアルキル、アリール、ヘテロアリール、ハロゲン、ヒドロキシ、アミノ、-CN、-CF、-N、-NO、-OR、-SR、-SOR、-SO、-N(R)S(O)-R、-N(R)S(O)NR、-NR、-C(O)OR、-OC(O)R、-C(O)R、-C(O)NR、またはN(R)C(O)Rである。 In certain embodiments, in Formula (I), each R 1 is independently alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, halogen, hydroxy, amino, —CN, —CF 3 , —N 3 , —NO 2 , —OR B , —SR B , —SOR B , —SO 2 R B , —N (R B ) S (O 2 ) —R B , —N (R B ) S (O 2 ) NR A R B , —NR A R B , —C (O) OR B , —OC (O) R B , —C (O) R B , —C (O) NR A R B , or N (R B ) C (O) R B.
 ある実施態様において、式(I)中、nは1、2、または3である。
 ある実施態様において、式(I)中、nは2または3である。
 ある実施態様において、式(I)中、mは0である。
In certain embodiments, in Formula (I), n is 1, 2, or 3.
In certain embodiments, in Formula (I), n is 2 or 3.
In certain embodiments, in Formula (I), m is 0.
 ある実施態様では、シクロデキストリン化合物は、α-シクロデキストリン、β-シクロデキストリンまたはγ-シクロデキストリン、それらの誘導体、例えば、少なくとも1個のヒドロキシル基がアルキル化またはヒドロキシアルキル化されている誘導体、またはそれらの薬学的に許容される塩、エステル、溶媒和物もしくは水和物である。ある実施態様では、シクロデキストリン化合物は、β-シクロデキストリンまたはγ-シクロデキストリン、それらの誘導体、例えば、少なくとも1個のヒドロキシル基がアルキル化またはヒドロキシアルキル化されている誘導体、またはそれらの薬学的に許容される塩、エステル、溶媒和物もしくは水和物である。 In certain embodiments, the cyclodextrin compound is α-cyclodextrin, β-cyclodextrin or γ-cyclodextrin, derivatives thereof, such as derivatives in which at least one hydroxyl group is alkylated or hydroxyalkylated, or These pharmaceutically acceptable salts, esters, solvates or hydrates. In certain embodiments, the cyclodextrin compound is β-cyclodextrin or γ-cyclodextrin, derivatives thereof, such as derivatives in which at least one hydroxyl group is alkylated or hydroxyalkylated, or pharmaceutically thereof. It is an acceptable salt, ester, solvate or hydrate.
 ある実施態様において、シクロデキストリン化合物は、メチル-β-シクロデキストリン(MBCD)、2-ヒドロキシエチル-β-シクロデキストリン(HPBCD)または2-ヒドロキシプロピル-γ-シクロデキストリン(HPGCD)、またはそれらの薬学的に許容される塩、エステル、溶媒和物もしくは水和物である。ある実施態様において、シクロデキストリン化合物は、HPBCDまたはHPGCD、またはそれらの薬学的に許容される塩、エステル、溶媒和物もしくは水和物である。ある実施態様において、シクロデキストリン化合物は、HPGCDまたはそれらの薬学的に許容される塩、エステル、溶媒和物もしくは水和物である。 In certain embodiments, the cyclodextrin compound is methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MBCD), 2-hydroxyethyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPBCD) or 2-hydroxypropyl-γ-cyclodextrin (HPGCD), or a pharmaceutical thereof Acceptable salts, esters, solvates or hydrates. In certain embodiments, the cyclodextrin compound is HPBCD or HPGCD, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, solvate or hydrate thereof. In certain embodiments, the cyclodextrin compound is HPGCD or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, solvate or hydrate thereof.
 ある実施態様では、コレステロール蓄積阻害剤は、ビタミンE化合物である。ビタミンE化合物には、トコフェロールまたはトコトリエノール、例えば、α-トコフェロール、β-トコフェロール、γ-トコフェロール、δ-トコフェロール、α-トコトリエノール、β-トコトリエノール、γ-トコトリエノールおよびδ-トコトリエノール、並びにそれらの薬学的に許容される塩、エステル、溶媒和物および水和物が含まれる。トコフェロールのエステルとしては、例えば、酢酸トコフェロール、リン酸トコフェロール、コハク酸トコフェロール、ニコチン酸トコフェロール等が挙げられる。ある実施態様では、コレステロール蓄積阻害剤は、δ-トコフェロールまたはその薬学的に許容される塩、エステル、溶媒和物もしくは水和物である。 In one embodiment, the cholesterol accumulation inhibitor is a vitamin E compound. Vitamin E compounds include tocopherols or tocotrienols such as α-tocopherol, β-tocopherol, γ-tocopherol, δ-tocopherol, α-tocotrienol, β-tocotrienol, γ-tocotrienol and δ-tocotrienol and their pharmaceutically Acceptable salts, esters, solvates and hydrates are included. Examples of tocopherol esters include tocopherol acetate, tocopherol phosphate, tocopherol succinate, tocopherol nicotinate and the like. In certain embodiments, the cholesterol accumulation inhibitor is δ-tocopherol or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, solvate or hydrate thereof.
 本明細書で用いられる用語「薬学的に許容される塩」は、健全な医学的判断の範囲内で、過度の毒性、刺激、アレルギー反応などを起こさずにヒトおよび動物の組織に接触させて使用するのに適していて、合理的な利益/リスク比が釣り合っている、化合物の塩を示す。薬学的に許容される塩は当該技術分野において周知である。例えば、S. M. Berge, et al はJ. Pharmaceutical Sciences, 66: 1-19 (1977) に薬学的に許容される塩を詳細に記載している。薬学的に許容される塩の例は、これに限定されないが、非毒性酸付加塩、または塩酸、臭化水素酸、リン酸、硫酸および過塩素酸のような無機酸、または酢酸、マレイン酸、酒石酸、クエン酸、コハク酸、マロン酸のような有機酸を用いて、またはイオン交換のような当該技術分野で用いられているその他の方法によって形成される塩を包含する。その他の薬学的に許容される塩は、これに限定されないが、アジピン酸塩、アルギン酸塩、アスコルビン酸塩、アスパラギン酸塩、ベンゼンスルホン酸塩、安息香酸塩、重硫酸塩、ホウ酸塩、酪酸塩、カンホラート、カンホスルホン酸塩、クエン酸塩、シクロペンタンプロピオンサン塩、ジグルコン酸塩、ドデシル硫酸塩、エタンスルホン酸塩、ギ酸塩、フマル酸塩、グルコヘプトン酸塩、グリセロリン酸塩、グルコン酸塩、ヘミ硫酸塩、ヘプタン酸塩、ヘキサン酸塩、ヨウ化水素酸塩、2-ヒドロキシ-エタンスルホン酸塩、ラクトビオン酸塩、乳酸塩、ラウリン酸塩、ラウリル硫酸塩、リンゴ酸塩、マレイン酸塩、マロン酸塩、メタンスルホン酸塩、2-ナフタレンスルホン酸塩、ニコチン酸塩、硝酸塩、オレイン酸塩、シュウ酸塩、パルミチン酸塩、パモ酸塩、ペクチン酸塩、過硫酸塩、3-フェニルプロピオン酸塩、リン酸塩、ピクリン酸塩、ピバル酸塩、プロピオン酸塩、ステアリン酸塩、コハク酸塩、硫酸塩、酒石酸塩、チオシアン酸塩、p-トルエンスルホン酸塩、ウンデカン酸塩、および吉草酸塩を包含する。代表的なアルカリまたはアルカリ土類金属の塩は、ナトリウム、リチウム、ポタシウム、カルシウム、またはマグネシウム塩などを包含する。さらなる薬学的に許容される塩は、適切なら、ハライド、水酸化物、カルボン酸塩、硫酸塩、リン酸塩、硝酸塩、1~6個の炭素原子を有しているアルキル、スルホン酸塩およびアリールスルホン酸塩のような、対イオンを用いて形成されるアンモニウム、4級アンモニウム、およびアミンカチオンを包含する。 The term “pharmaceutically acceptable salt” as used herein is within the scope of sound medical judgment and is in contact with human and animal tissues without causing excessive toxicity, irritation, allergic reactions, etc. Indicates a salt of a compound that is suitable for use and has a reasonable benefit / risk ratio balanced. Pharmaceutically acceptable salts are well known in the art. For example, S. M. Berge and et al describe pharmaceutically acceptable salts in detail in J. Pharmaceutical Sciences, 66: 1-19 (1977). Examples of pharmaceutically acceptable salts include, but are not limited to, non-toxic acid addition salts, or inorganic acids such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid and perchloric acid, or acetic acid, maleic acid Salts formed with organic acids such as tartaric acid, citric acid, succinic acid, malonic acid, or by other methods used in the art such as ion exchange. Other pharmaceutically acceptable salts include, but are not limited to, adipate, alginate, ascorbate, aspartate, benzenesulfonate, benzoate, bisulfate, borate, butyric acid Salt, camphorate, camphorsulfonate, citrate, cyclopentanepropionate, digluconate, dodecyl sulfate, ethanesulfonate, formate, fumarate, glucoheptonate, glycerophosphate, gluconate , Hemisulfate, heptanoate, hexanoate, hydroiodide, 2-hydroxy-ethanesulfonate, lactobionate, lactate, laurate, lauryl sulfate, malate, maleate , Malonate, methanesulfonate, 2-naphthalenesulfonate, nicotinate, nitrate, oleate, oxalate, Mymate, pamoate, pectate, persulfate, 3-phenylpropionate, phosphate, picrate, pivalate, propionate, stearate, succinate, sulfate, Includes tartrate, thiocyanate, p-toluenesulfonate, undecanoate, and valerate. Representative alkali or alkaline earth metal salts include sodium, lithium, potassium, calcium, or magnesium salts, and the like. Further pharmaceutically acceptable salts are, if appropriate, halides, hydroxides, carboxylates, sulfates, phosphates, nitrates, alkyls having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, sulfonates and Includes ammonium, quaternary ammonium, and amine cations formed using counterions, such as aryl sulfonates.
 本明細書で用いられる用語「薬学的に許容されるエステル」は、インビボで加水分解され、ヒトまたは動物の体内で容易に分解して親化合物またはその塩を置き去るようなものを包含する、化合物のエステルを示す。適切なエステル基は、例えば、薬学的に許容される脂肪酸、特に、それぞれのアルキルまたはアルケニル部分が有利には6個以上の炭素原子を有していない、アルカン酸、アルケン酸、シクロアルカン酸およびアルカンジオン酸に由来するものを包含する。特定のエステルの例は、これに限定されないが、ギ酸エステル、酢酸エステル、リン酸エステル、プロピオン酸エステル、酪酸エステル、アクリル酸エステル、ニコチン酸エステルおよびコハク酸エステルを包含する。 The term “pharmaceutically acceptable ester” as used herein includes those that are hydrolyzed in vivo and readily degraded in the human or animal body, leaving the parent compound or salt thereof, The ester of the compound is shown. Suitable ester groups are, for example, pharmaceutically acceptable fatty acids, in particular alkanoic acids, alkenoic acids, cycloalkanoic acids and those in which the respective alkyl or alkenyl moiety advantageously has no more than 6 carbon atoms. Includes those derived from alkanedioic acid. Examples of specific esters include, but are not limited to, formate, acetate, phosphate, propionate, butyrate, acrylate, nicotinate and succinate.
 「クリスタリン網膜症」は、CYP4V2遺伝子の変異により生じる網膜変性疾患を意味する。一般的に、網膜や周辺部角膜表層に閃輝性の結晶沈着物であるクリスタリン顆粒の沈着(いわゆる「クリスタル様沈着物」)が認められる場合に、クリスタリン網膜症と診断される。進行性の視野障害および視力障害を呈し、予後は症例によって異なる。 “Crystallin retinopathy” means a retinal degenerative disease caused by a mutation in the CYP4V2 gene. In general, crystallin retinopathy is diagnosed when deposits of crystallin granules (so-called “crystal-like deposits”), which are flashy crystal deposits, are observed in the retina and peripheral cornea surface layer. Presents with progressive visual field impairment and visual impairment, and prognosis varies from case to case.
 本明細書で使用されるとき、「処置する」または「処置」は、クリスタリン網膜症に罹患している対象において、クリスタリン網膜症の原因を軽減または除去すること、その進行を遅延または停止させること、および/または、その症状を軽減、緩和、改善または除去することを意味する。 As used herein, “treating” or “treatment” is to reduce or eliminate the cause of crystallin retinopathy, delay or stop its progression in a subject suffering from crystallin retinopathy. And / or alleviating, alleviating, ameliorating or eliminating the symptoms.
 本明細書で使用されるとき、「予防する」または「予防」は、対象において、特に、クリスタリン網膜症に罹る可能性が高いが、未だ罹患していない対象において、クリスタリン網膜症への罹患を防止すること、または、クリスタリン網膜症に罹る可能性を低減することを意味する。クリスタリン網膜症に罹る可能性があるが、未だ罹患していない対象には、例えば、CYP4V2遺伝子に変異を有する対象、クリスタリン網膜症の家族歴がある対象が含まれる。 As used herein, “prevent” or “prevention” refers to a subject having a crystalline retinopathy, particularly in a subject who is likely to have, but has not yet suffered from, crystallin retinopathy. It means preventing or reducing the likelihood of suffering from crystal retinopathy. Subjects who may be affected by crystallin retinopathy but have not yet suffered include, for example, subjects having a mutation in the CYP4V2 gene and subjects with a family history of crystallin retinopathy.
 クリスタリン網膜症の処置および/または予防の対象としては、動物、典型的には哺乳動物(例えば、ヒト、マウス、ラット、ハムスター、ウサギ、ネコ、イヌ、ウシ、ヒツジ、サル等)、特にヒトが挙げられる。なお、ヒト以外の動物に適用する場合、本発明の薬剤の投与量は、動物の体重もしくは大きさに応じて適宜加減すればよい。 Subjects for treatment and / or prevention of crystallin retinopathy include animals, typically mammals (eg, humans, mice, rats, hamsters, rabbits, cats, dogs, cows, sheep, monkeys, etc.), particularly humans. Can be mentioned. When applied to animals other than humans, the dose of the drug of the present invention may be appropriately adjusted depending on the body weight or size of the animal.
 本明細書に開示される組成物は、医薬組成物であり得る。医薬組成物の投与方法は特に限定されないが、経口投与、直腸投与、注射、輸液、点眼、硝子体内注射による投与等の一般的な投与経路を経ることができ、組成物は、各投与経路に適する剤形であり得る。 The composition disclosed herein can be a pharmaceutical composition. The administration method of the pharmaceutical composition is not particularly limited, but can be administered through general administration routes such as oral administration, rectal administration, injection, infusion, eye drops, intravitreal injection, etc. It can be a suitable dosage form.
 経口投与の剤形としては、顆粒剤、細粒剤、粉剤、被覆錠剤、錠剤、坐剤、散剤、(マイクロ)カプセル剤、チュアブル剤、シロップ、ジュース、液剤、懸濁剤、乳濁液などが挙げられる。また注射による投与の剤形としては、静脈直接注入用、点滴投与用、硝子体注射用、活性物質の放出を延長する製剤等などの医薬製剤一般の剤形を採用することができる。 Oral dosage forms include granules, fine granules, powders, coated tablets, tablets, suppositories, powders, (micro) capsules, chewables, syrups, juices, liquids, suspensions, emulsions, etc. Is mentioned. As a dosage form for administration by injection, general dosage forms of pharmaceutical preparations such as direct intravenous infusion, infusion administration, vitreous injection, a preparation for prolonging the release of an active substance and the like can be adopted.
 これらの剤形は、常法により製剤化することによって製造される。さらに製剤上の必要に応じて、医薬的に許容し得る各種の製剤用物質を配合することができる。製剤用物質は製剤の剤形により適宜選択することができるが、例えば、賦形剤、希釈剤、添加剤、崩壊剤、結合剤、被覆剤、潤滑剤、滑走剤、滑沢剤、風味剤、甘味剤、可溶化剤等が挙げられる。更に、製剤用物質を具体的に例示すると、炭酸マグネシウム、二酸化チタン、ラクトース、マンニトールおよびその他の糖類、タルク、牛乳蛋白、ゼラチン、澱粉、セルロースおよびその誘導体、動物および植物油、ポリエチレングリコール、および溶剤、例えば滅菌水および一価または多価アルコール、例えばグリセロール等を挙げることができる。 These dosage forms are manufactured by formulating in a conventional manner. Further, various pharmaceutically acceptable pharmaceutical substances can be blended as required in the preparation. The substance for the preparation can be appropriately selected depending on the dosage form of the preparation. For example, the excipient, the diluent, the additive, the disintegrant, the binder, the coating agent, the lubricant, the lubricant, the lubricant, and the flavoring agent. , Sweeteners, solubilizers and the like. Furthermore, specific examples of the pharmaceutical substance include magnesium carbonate, titanium dioxide, lactose, mannitol and other sugars, talc, milk protein, gelatin, starch, cellulose and derivatives thereof, animal and vegetable oils, polyethylene glycol, and solvents, Examples include sterilized water and mono- or polyhydric alcohols such as glycerol.
 前記組成物によるコレステロール蓄積阻害剤の投与量は、対象患者の年齢、体重もしくは病態、または医薬の剤形もしくは投与方法などによって異なり得る。例えば、シクロデキストリン化合物は、成人1日あたり、約1mg/kg体重~10g/kg体重、約1mg/kg体重~5g/kg体重、約1mg/kg体重~1g/kg体重の量で投与され得る。上記1日あたりの量は一度に、もしくは数回に分けて投与することができる。 The dose of the cholesterol accumulation inhibitor by the composition may vary depending on the age, weight or pathological condition of the subject patient, or the pharmaceutical dosage form or administration method. For example, the cyclodextrin compound can be administered in an amount of about 1 mg / kg body weight to 10 g / kg body weight, about 1 mg / kg body weight to 5 g / kg body weight, about 1 mg / kg body weight to 1 g / kg body weight per adult day. . The daily dose can be administered at once or in several divided doses.
 コレステロール蓄積阻害剤は、単独で、または、1種またはそれ以上のさらなる有効成分、特に、クリスタリン網膜症の処置および/または予防のための有効成分と併用できる。例えば、前記医薬組成物は、コレステロール蓄積阻害剤に加えて、1種またはそれ以上のさらなる有効成分を含み得る。 Cholesterol accumulation inhibitors can be used alone or in combination with one or more additional active ingredients, in particular active ingredients for the treatment and / or prevention of crystallin retinopathy. For example, the pharmaceutical composition may comprise one or more additional active ingredients in addition to the cholesterol accumulation inhibitor.
 成分を「併用する」ことは、全成分を含有する投与剤形の使用および各成分を別個に含有する投与剤形の組合せの使用のみならず、それらがクリスタリン網膜症の予防および/または処置に使用される限り、各成分を同時に、または、いずれかの成分を遅延して投与することも意味する。2種またはそれ以上のさらなる有効成分を併用することも可能である。 “Combination” of the ingredients is not only for the use of dosage forms containing all ingredients and for the combination of dosage forms containing each ingredient separately, but also for the prevention and / or treatment of crystallin retinopathy. As long as it is used, it also means that each component is administered simultaneously or delayed. It is also possible to use two or more additional active ingredients in combination.
 併用に適する有効成分には、例えば、アダプチノール、チョコラA、カルシウムブロッカー、バルプロ酸、ビタミンA、DHA、タウリン、ルテイン、イソプロピルウノプロストン、ブリモニジンなどが含まれる。 Active ingredients suitable for combined use include, for example, adaptinol, chocolate A, calcium blocker, valproic acid, vitamin A, DHA, taurine, lutein, isopropyl unoprostone, brimonidine and the like.
 コレステロール蓄積阻害剤によるクリスタリン網膜症の処置および/または予防に加えて、薬物療法以外の眼疾患の治療法を実施することもできる。適する治療法には、例えば、外科手術、光線力学療法、遺伝子治療、再生医療、人工網膜移植、レーザー治療が含まれる。 In addition to treatment and / or prevention of crystallin retinopathy with a cholesterol accumulation inhibitor, a therapeutic method for eye diseases other than drug therapy can also be performed. Suitable therapies include, for example, surgery, photodynamic therapy, gene therapy, regenerative medicine, artificial retina transplantation, laser therapy.
 さらに、コレステロール蓄積阻害剤を、クリスタリン網膜症のリスクの低減、または、眼機能の維持もしくは改善の効果を有する機能性食品の形態でも使用することができる。従って、ある態様では、コレステロール蓄積阻害剤を含む、クリスタリン網膜症のリスクの低減、または、眼機能の維持もしくは改善用の食品が提供される。当該食品は、コレステロール蓄積阻害剤を含む一般的な食事形態であればいかなるものでも良い。例えば、適当な風味を加えてドリンク剤、例えば清涼飲料、粉末飲料とすることもできる。具体的には、例えば、ジュース、牛乳、菓子、ゼリー、ヨーグルト、飴等として飲食することができる。 Furthermore, cholesterol accumulation inhibitors can be used in the form of functional foods that have the effect of reducing the risk of crystallin retinopathy or maintaining or improving eye function. Therefore, in one aspect, a food for reducing the risk of crystallin retinopathy, or maintaining or improving eye function, comprising a cholesterol accumulation inhibitor is provided. The food may be any general food form containing a cholesterol accumulation inhibitor. For example, drinks such as soft drinks and powdered drinks can be prepared by adding an appropriate flavor. Specifically, for example, it can be eaten and eaten as juice, milk, confectionery, jelly, yogurt, rice cake, and the like.
 また、このような食品を、保健機能食品またはダイエタリーサプリメントとして提供することも可能である。この保健機能食品には、特定保健用食品および栄養機能食品なども含まれる。特定保健用食品は、例えば、クリスタリン網膜症のリスクの低減、または、眼機能の維持もしくは改善など、特定の保健の目的が期待できることを表示できる食品である。また、栄養機能食品は、1日あたりの摂取目安量に含まれる栄養成分量が、国が定めた上・下限値の規格基準に適合している場合その栄養成分の機能の表示ができる食品である。ダイエタリーサプリメントには、いわゆる栄養補助食品または健康補助食品などが含まれる。特定保健用食品には、クリスタリン網膜症のリスクの低減、または、眼機能の維持もしくは改善などの用途に用いるものであるという表示を付した食品、さらには、かかる用途に用いるものである旨を記載した書類(いわゆる能書き)などをパッケージとして包含する食品なども含まれるものとする。 It is also possible to provide such foods as health functional foods or dietary supplements. This health functional food includes food for specified health use and food with nutritional function. The food for specified health use is, for example, a food that can indicate that a specific health purpose can be expected, such as reducing the risk of crystallin retinopathy or maintaining or improving eye function. In addition, functional nutritional food is a food that can indicate the function of the nutritional component when the amount of nutritional component included in the daily intake standard amount conforms to the national and national standards for upper and lower limits. is there. Dietary supplements include so-called nutritional supplements or health supplements. Specified health foods are foods that are labeled for use in applications such as reducing the risk of crystallin retinopathy or maintaining or improving eye function, and that they are used in such applications. Foods that include written documents (so-called Noh) as packages are also included.
 本願は、例えば、下記の実施態様を提供する。
[1]コレステロール蓄積阻害剤を含むクリスタリン網膜症の処置および/または予防用の組成物。
[2]コレステロール蓄積阻害剤が、シクロデキストリン化合物またはビタミンE化合物である、第1項に記載の組成物。
[3]コレステロール蓄積阻害剤が、シクロデキストリン化合物である、第1項または第2項に記載の組成物。
[4]コレステロール蓄積阻害剤が、少なくとも1個のヒドロキシル基がアルキル化またはヒドロキシアルキル化されていてもよいβ-シクロデキストリンまたはγ-シクロデキストリン、またはそれらの薬学的に許容される塩、エステル、溶媒和物もしくは水和物である、第1項ないし第3項のいずれかに記載の組成物。
[5]コレステロール蓄積阻害剤が2-ヒドロキシプロピル-β-シクロデキストリン(HPBCD)、2-ヒドロキシプロピル-γ-シクロデキストリン(HPGCD)またはメチル-β-シクロデキストリン(MBCD)である、第1項ないし第4項のいずれかに記載の組成物。
[6]コレステロール蓄積阻害剤がHPBCDまたはHPGCDである、第1項ないし第5項のいずれかに記載の組成物。
[7]コレステロール蓄積阻害剤がHPBCDである、第1項ないし第6項のいずれかに記載の組成物。
[8]コレステロール蓄積阻害剤がHPGCDである、第1項ないし第6項のいずれかに記載の組成物。
[9]コレステロール蓄積阻害剤が、式(I)のシクロデキストリン化合物またはそれらの薬学的に許容される塩、エステル、溶媒和物もしくは水和物である、第1項ないし第3項のいずれかに記載の組成物。
[10]式(I)中、各Rが独立して、H、または、ヒドロキシで置換されていてもよいアルキルである、第8項に記載の組成物。
[11]式(I)中、各Rが独立して、H、メチル、エチル、プロピル、またはヒドロキシプロピルである、第8項または第10項に記載の組成物。
[12]式(I)中、nが1、2、または3である、第8項ないし第11項のいずれかに記載の組成物。
[13]式(I)中、nが2または3である、第8項ないし第12項のいずれかに記載の組成物。
[14]式(I)中、mが0である、第8項ないし第13項のいずれかに記載の組成物。
[15]コレステロール蓄積阻害剤がビタミンE化合物である、第1項または第2項に記載の組成物。
[16]コレステロール蓄積阻害剤がトコフェロールである、第1項、第2項または第15項に記載の組成物。
[17]コレステロール蓄積阻害剤がδ-トコフェロールである、第1項、第2項、第15項または第16項に記載の組成物。
[18]コレステロール蓄積阻害剤を対象に投与することを含む、クリスタリン網膜症の処置および/または予防方法。
[19]コレステロール蓄積阻害剤が第2項ないし第17項のいずれかに記載のものである、第18項に記載の方法。
[20]クリスタリン網膜症の処置および/または予防のためのコレステロール蓄積阻害剤の使用。
[21]コレステロール蓄積阻害剤が第2項ないし第17項のいずれかに記載のものである、第20項に記載の使用。
[22]クリスタリン網膜症の処置および/または予防用の医薬を製造するための、コレステロール蓄積阻害剤の使用。
[23]コレステロール蓄積阻害剤が第2項ないし第17項のいずれかに記載のものである、第22項に記載の使用。
The present application provides, for example, the following embodiments.
[1] A composition for treatment and / or prevention of crystallin retinopathy, comprising a cholesterol accumulation inhibitor.
[2] The composition according to item 1, wherein the cholesterol accumulation inhibitor is a cyclodextrin compound or a vitamin E compound.
[3] The composition according to item 1 or 2, wherein the cholesterol accumulation inhibitor is a cyclodextrin compound.
[4] The cholesterol accumulation inhibitor is a β-cyclodextrin or γ-cyclodextrin in which at least one hydroxyl group may be alkylated or hydroxyalkylated, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester thereof, Item 4. The composition according to any one of Items 1 to 3, which is a solvate or hydrate.
[5] Items 1 to 4, wherein the cholesterol accumulation inhibitor is 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPBCD), 2-hydroxypropyl-γ-cyclodextrin (HPGCD) or methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MBCD) 5. The composition according to any one of items 4.
[6] The composition according to any one of items 1 to 5, wherein the cholesterol accumulation inhibitor is HPBCD or HPGCD.
[7] The composition according to any one of items 1 to 6, wherein the cholesterol accumulation inhibitor is HPBCD.
[8] The composition according to any one of items 1 to 6, wherein the cholesterol accumulation inhibitor is HPGCD.
[9] Any one of Items 1 to 3, wherein the cholesterol accumulation inhibitor is a cyclodextrin compound of the formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, solvate or hydrate thereof. A composition according to 1.
[10] The composition according to item 8, wherein in the formula (I), each R is independently H or alkyl optionally substituted with hydroxy.
[11] The composition according to item 8 or 10, wherein in formula (I), each R is independently H, methyl, ethyl, propyl, or hydroxypropyl.
[12] The composition according to any one of items 8 to 11, wherein n is 1, 2, or 3 in formula (I).
[13] The composition according to any one of items 8 to 12, wherein n is 2 or 3 in formula (I).
[14] The composition according to any one of items 8 to 13, wherein m is 0 in formula (I).
[15] The composition according to item 1 or 2, wherein the cholesterol accumulation inhibitor is a vitamin E compound.
[16] The composition according to item 1, 2 or 15, wherein the cholesterol accumulation inhibitor is tocopherol.
[17] The composition according to Item 1, Item 2, Item 15, or Item 16, wherein the cholesterol accumulation inhibitor is δ-tocopherol.
[18] A method for treating and / or preventing crystallin retinopathy, comprising administering a cholesterol accumulation inhibitor to a subject.
[19] The method according to item 18, wherein the cholesterol accumulation inhibitor is any one of items 2 to 17.
[20] Use of a cholesterol accumulation inhibitor for the treatment and / or prevention of crystallin retinopathy.
[21] The use according to item 20, wherein the cholesterol accumulation inhibitor is one according to any one of items 2 to 17.
[22] Use of a cholesterol accumulation inhibitor for the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment and / or prevention of crystallin retinopathy.
[23] The use according to item 22, wherein the cholesterol accumulation inhibitor is any one of items 2 to 17.
 本明細書で引用するすべての文献は、出典明示により本明細書の一部とする。
 上記の説明は、すべて非限定的なものであり、添付の特許請求の範囲において定義される本発明の範囲から逸脱せずに、変更することができる。さらに、下記の実施例は、すべて非限定的な実施例であり、本発明を説明するためだけに供されるものである。
All references cited herein are hereby incorporated by reference.
The above description is all non-limiting and can be modified without departing from the scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims. Furthermore, the following examples are all non-limiting examples and serve only to illustrate the present invention.
実験1:iPS細胞のRPE分化
 健常人およびクリスタリン網膜症患者から皮膚の細胞を採取し、iPS細胞を樹立し(各々、WT iPS細胞およびBCD iPS細胞)、Sugita S et al. Stem cell reports 2016 Oct 11;7(4):619-634.に記載の方法に準じて、各iPS細胞からRPE細胞への分化を開始した。分化開始1ヵ月で色素が見られた。2ヵ月で浮遊培養を開始した。2.5~3ヵ月で色素細胞を選別し、さらに培養した(P0)。3.5~4.5ヵ月でRPEを精製した(P1)。5~6ヵ月で継代し(P2)、6~7ヵ月でさらに継代した(P3)。P2~P3の細胞(WT iPS-RPE細胞およびBCD iPS-RPE細胞)を以下の実験に使用した。3人の健常人に由来する細胞の系列を、NOR-1、NOR-2、NOR-3と、3人のクリスタリン網膜症患者に由来する細胞の系列を、BCD-1、BCD-2、BCD-3と称する。
Experiment 1: RPS differentiation of iPS cells Skin cells were collected from healthy individuals and patients with crystal retinopathy, and iPS cells were established (WT iPS cells and BCD iPS cells, respectively). Sugita S et al. Stem cell reports 2016 Oct 11; 7 (4): 619-634. According to the method described in 619-634., Differentiation from each iPS cell to RPE cell was started. Pigment was seen 1 month after differentiation started. Suspension culture was started at 2 months. Pigment cells were selected at 2.5 to 3 months and further cultured (P0). RPE was purified at 3.5-4.5 months (P1). It was passaged at 5-6 months (P2) and further passaged at 6-7 months (P3). P2-P3 cells (WT iPS-RPE cells and BCD iPS-RPE cells) were used in the following experiments. The lineage of cells derived from 3 healthy persons is divided into NOR-1, NOR-2 and NOR-3, and the lineage of cells derived from 3 crystallin retinopathy patients is divided into BCD-1, BCD-2 and BCD. -3.
実験2:iPS-RPE細胞におけるCYP4V2タンパク質の発現
 CYP4V2タンパク質の発現をウェスタンブロッティングにより分析した。未分化細胞(WT iPS細胞およびBCD iPS細胞)およびP2の分化細胞(WT iPS-RPE細胞およびBCDiPS-RPE細胞)、並びにヒトRPE培養細胞(ARPE19)の溶解物(タンパク質20μg/レーン)をSDS-PAGEにより分離し、PVDF膜に転写した。CYP4V2およびβ-アクチンを、抗cyp4v2抗体(sigma、ウサギポリクローナル、1:100)および抗β-アクチン抗体(Millipore、マウスモノクローナル、1:10000)で検出した。結果を図1に示す。未分化細胞ではCYP4V2タンパク質の発現は見られなかった。分化細胞では、健常人由来のWT iPS-RPE細胞ではCYP4V2タンパク質の発現が見られたが、クリスタリン網膜症患者由来のBCD iPS-RPE細胞では見られなかった。
Experiment 2: Expression of CYP4V2 protein in iPS-RPE cells The expression of CYP4V2 protein was analyzed by Western blotting. SDS- lysates of undifferentiated cells (WT iPS cells and BCD iPS cells) and P2 differentiated cells (WT iPS-RPE cells and BCDiPS-RPE cells) and human RPE cultured cells (ARPE19) (protein 20 μg / lane) They were separated by PAGE and transferred to a PVDF membrane. CYP4V2 and β-actin were detected with anti-cyp4v2 antibody (sigma, rabbit polyclonal, 1: 100) and anti-β-actin antibody (Millipore, mouse monoclonal, 1: 10000). The results are shown in FIG. Expression of CYP4V2 protein was not observed in undifferentiated cells. In differentiated cells, expression of CYP4V2 protein was observed in WT iPS-RPE cells derived from healthy subjects, but not in BCD iPS-RPE cells derived from patients with crystal retinopathy.
実験3:iPS-RPE細胞の形態
 P2のWT iPS-RPE細胞(NOR-1)およびBCD iPS-RPE細胞(BCD-1)をさらに10ヵ月培養し、明視野顕微鏡で観察した。結果を図2に示す(スケールバー=50μm)。WT iPS-RPE細胞は、典型的なRPE細胞の形態、即ち、多角形の形状および色素顆粒を有した。BCD iPS-RPE細胞では、細胞の空胞様変性、大型化および色素顆粒過剰が見られた。
Experiment 3: iPS-RPE cell morphology P2 WT iPS-RPE cells (NOR-1) and BCD iPS-RPE cells (BCD-1) were further cultured for 10 months and observed with a bright field microscope. The results are shown in FIG. 2 (scale bar = 50 μm). WT iPS-RPE cells had a typical RPE cell morphology, namely polygonal shape and pigment granules. BCD iPS-RPE cells showed vacuolar degeneration, enlargement and pigment granule excess.
実験4:iPS-RPE細胞の電子顕微鏡観察
 P2のWT iPS-RPE細胞(NOR-1)およびBCD iPS-RPE細胞(BCD-1)をさらに10ヵ月培養し、電子顕微鏡で観察した。培養細胞をまずダルベッコPBS(D-PBS)で洗浄し、2%グルタルアルデヒドおよび4%ホルムアルデヒドの混合物で固定した。細胞を1%四酸化オスミウムに60分間浸すことにより、さらに固定した。次いで、段階的なエタノール浴(50~100%)で細胞を脱水し、酸化プロピレン中で清澄にし、エポキシ樹脂に包埋した。ウルトラミクロトームで超薄切片を作成し、酢酸ウラニルおよびクエン酸鉛で染色した。染色した切片を透過型電子顕微鏡で観察した(モデルH-7650;日立製作所、東京、日本)。結果を図3に示す(スケールバー=1μm)。WTiPS-RPEは、豊富な頂端側の微絨毛および色素顆粒を有する高度に極性化した立方状細胞の単層であった。BCD iPS-RPE細胞は、メラノソーム、リソソームおよびオートファゴソームの蓄積と細胞変性を示した。
Experiment 4: Electron microscope observation of iPS-RPE cells P2 WT iPS-RPE cells (NOR-1) and BCD iPS-RPE cells (BCD-1) were further cultured for 10 months and observed with an electron microscope. Cultured cells were first washed with Dulbecco's PBS (D-PBS) and fixed with a mixture of 2% glutaraldehyde and 4% formaldehyde. Cells were further fixed by soaking in 1% osmium tetroxide for 60 minutes. The cells were then dehydrated in a graded ethanol bath (50-100%), clarified in propylene oxide and embedded in epoxy resin. Ultrathin sections were prepared with an ultramicrotome and stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate. The stained sections were observed with a transmission electron microscope (Model H-7650; Hitachi, Tokyo, Japan). The results are shown in FIG. 3 (scale bar = 1 μm). WTiPS-RPE was a monolayer of highly polarized cubic cells with abundant apical microvilli and pigment granules. BCD iPS-RPE cells showed accumulation and cytopathicity of melanosomes, lysosomes and autophagosomes.
実験5:iPS-RPE細胞の増殖能
 24ウェルプレート(Costar)を、CELLstatTM(Gibco)で、終夜4℃でコーティングした後、コーティング液を除去した。P1のWT iPS-RPE細胞およびBCD iPS-RPE細胞を1ヵ月培養し、5x10個/プレート(=1.1x10個/cm)で上記24ウェルプレートに再播種した。具体的には、iPS-RPE細胞2.1×10個を、RPE培養培地(DMEM/F12培地、B27(Invitrogen)およびペニシリン/ストレプトマイシン添加)中、各ウェルに播種し、iPS-RPE前駆細胞の増殖能を評価した。1、2および3日目の培養の最後に、25μlのCell Count Reagent SF(ナカライテスク)を、225μlの培養液に加え、0.5時間インキュベートした。各ウェルの450nm(参照650nm)の吸光をマイクロプレートリーダー(ARVO)で測定し、細胞数を算出した。結果を図4に示す。BCD iPS-RPE前駆細胞は、WT iPS-RPE前駆細胞よりも増殖能が低かった。
Experiment 5: Proliferation ability of iPS-RPE cells A 24-well plate (Costar) was coated with CELLstat ™ (Gibco) at 4 ° C overnight, and then the coating solution was removed. P1 WT iPS-RPE cells and BCD iPS-RPE cells were cultured for 1 month and replated on the 24-well plate at 5 × 10 5 cells / plate (= 1.1 × 10 4 cells / cm 2 ). Specifically, 2.1 × 10 4 iPS-RPE cells were seeded in each well in an RPE culture medium (DMEM / F12 medium, B27 (Invitrogen) and penicillin / streptomycin added) to obtain iPS-RPE progenitor cells. The proliferative ability was evaluated. At the end of the culture on days 1, 2 and 3, 25 μl of Cell Count Reagent SF (Nacalai Tesque) was added to 225 μl of culture and incubated for 0.5 hours. The absorbance at 450 nm (reference 650 nm) of each well was measured with a microplate reader (ARVO), and the number of cells was calculated. The results are shown in FIG. BCD iPS-RPE progenitor cells were less proliferative than WT iPS-RPE progenitor cells.
 P2のWT iPS-RPE前駆細胞(NOR-1)およびBCD iPS-RPE前駆細胞(BCD-1)を3日間培養し、抗Ki67抗体(DAKO、マウスモノクローナル、1:100)およびDAPIを用いて免疫組織化学染色した。DAPI陽性細胞数に対するKi67陽性細胞数の割合を算出した。結果を図5に示す。BCD iPS-RPE細胞のKi67陽性細胞数の割合は、WT iPS-RPE細胞のものよりも低かった。Ki67は、細胞周期関連核タンパク質であり、増殖中の細胞では、G1期、S期、G2期、M期において発現し、増殖を休止しているG0期には発現しない。従って、Ki67の発現量は増殖中の細胞の数を反映する。この結果は、BCD iPS-RPE細胞は、WT iPS-RPE細胞よりも増殖能が低いことを示す。また、明視野顕微鏡で細胞を観察すると、BCD iPS-RPE細胞はWT iPS-RPE細胞よりも細胞数が明らかに少なかった。 P2 WT iPS-RPE progenitor cells (NOR-1) and BCD iPS-RPE progenitor cells (BCD-1) were cultured for 3 days and immunized with anti-Ki67 antibody (DAKO, mouse monoclonal, 1: 100) and DAPI Histochemical staining was performed. The ratio of the number of Ki67 positive cells to the number of DAPI positive cells was calculated. The results are shown in FIG. The ratio of BCD 陽性 iPS-RPE cells to Ki67 positive cells was lower than that of WT iPS-RPE cells. Ki67 is a cell cycle-related nuclear protein, and is expressed in proliferating cells in the G1, S, G2, and M phases, but not in the G0 phase where growth is paused. Therefore, the expression level of Ki67 reflects the number of proliferating cells. This result indicates that BCD iPS-RPE cells are less proliferative than WT iPS-RPE cells. When the cells were observed with a bright field microscope, the number of BCDBiPS-RPE cells was clearly smaller than that of WT iPS-RPE cells.
実験6:iPS-RPE細胞の細胞死
 実験5と同様に、P2のWT iPS-RPE前駆細胞(NOR-1~3)およびBCD iPS-RPE前駆細胞(BCD-1~3)を24ウェルプレートに播種した。播種の3日後に、iPS-RPE前駆細胞を0.1mLの0.4%トリパンブルー(4%トリパンブルー原液:4gのトリパンブルーを蒸留水に添加)に加え、トリパンブルー(死細胞を青色に染めるが、生きている細胞は染色しない)により染色される細胞数を測定し、細胞死を評価した。結果を図6に示す(エラーバー=SD)。BCD iPS-RPE前駆細胞は、WT iPS-RPE前駆細胞よりも死細胞率が高かった。
Experiment 6: Cell death of iPS-RPE cells Similar to Experiment 5, P2 WT iPS-RPE progenitor cells (NOR-1 to 3) and BCD iPS-RPE progenitor cells (BCD-1 to 3) were placed in 24-well plates. Sowing. Three days after seeding, iPS-RPE progenitor cells were added to 0.1 mL of 0.4% trypan blue (4% trypan blue stock solution: 4 g trypan blue added to distilled water) and trypan blue (dead cells turned blue). Dyeing but not living cells) to determine the number of cells stained to assess cell death. The results are shown in FIG. 6 (error bar = SD). BCD iPS-RPE progenitor cells had a higher dead cell rate than WT iPS-RPE progenitor cells.
実験7:CYP4V2遺伝子導入によるiPS-RPE細胞の増殖能の変化
 アデノウィルスベクター構築コスミドDNA(pAxcwit2DNA)に、野生型CYP4V2遺伝子を含むpIRES-EGFP-CYP4V2(WT)、変異型CYP4V2遺伝子を含むpIRES-EGFP-CYP4V2(mut)またはpIRES-EGFP(対照)をライゲーションして、コスミドDNAを作製した。これを293細胞にトランスフェクションし、組み換えアデノウィルスを得た。実験5と同様に、iPS-RPE細胞を24ウェルプレートに播種した。ただし、播種の2日前に、上記の3種類の組み換えアデノウィルスを感染させた。
Experiment 7: Change in proliferation ability of iPS-RPE cells by introduction of CYP4V2 gene Adenovirus vector construction pIRES-EGFP-CYP4V2 (WT) containing wild type CYP4V2 gene and pIRES-EGFP containing mutant CYP4V2 gene in cosmid DNA (pAxcwit2DNA) -CYP4V2 (mut) or pIRES-EGFP (control) was ligated to generate cosmid DNA. This was transfected into 293 cells to obtain recombinant adenovirus. As in Experiment 5, iPS-RPE cells were seeded in 24-well plates. However, the above three kinds of recombinant adenoviruses were infected two days before sowing.
 実験5と同様に細胞増殖能を評価した結果を図7に示す。Bonferroni補正後のP値は、BCD+CYP4V2(WT)対BCD+CYP4V2(mut)で、1日目p=0.003、5日目p=0.003、7日目p=0.003であった。BCD+CYP4V2(WT)対BCD+GFPでは、5日目p=0.024、7日目p=0.006であった。野生型CYP4V2遺伝子を導入されたBCD iPS-RPE前駆細胞の増殖能は、変異型または対照の遺伝子を導入されたBCD iPS-RPE前駆細胞よりも有意に高かった。この結果は、野生型CYP4V2遺伝子によりクリスタリン網膜症患者由来細胞の表現型が回復したことを示す。 FIG. 7 shows the results of evaluating cell proliferation ability in the same manner as in Experiment 5. The P values after Bonferroni correction were BCD + CYP4V2 (WT) vs. BCD + CYP4V2 (mut), where the first day p = 0.003, the fifth day p = 0.003, and the seventh day p = 0.003. For BCD + CYP4V2 (WT) vs. BCD + GFP, day 5 p = 0.024, day 7 p = 0.006. The proliferation ability of BCDBiPS-RPE progenitor cells introduced with the wild-type CYP4V2 gene was significantly higher than that of BCD iPS-RPE progenitor cells introduced with the mutant or control gene. This result shows that the phenotype of cells derived from patients with crystal retinopathy was restored by the wild-type CYP4V2 gene.
実験8:CYP4V2遺伝子導入による変性細胞における変化
 P2のWT iPS-RPE細胞(NOR-2)およびBCD iPS-RPE細胞(BCD-2)をさらに3ヵ月培養し、実験7と同様に、3種類の組み換えアデノウィルスを感染させた。さらに2週間培養し、再度アデノウィルスを感染させた。最初のアデノウィルス感染から1ヵ月後に、実験3と同様に細胞を観察し、変性細胞の数を計数し、視野中の細胞数に対する変性細胞の割合を算出した。結果を図8に示す。野生型CYP4V2遺伝子を導入されたBCD iPS-RPE細胞における変性細胞の割合は、変異型または対照の遺伝子を導入されたBCD iPS-RPE細胞よりも有意に低かった。この結果は、野生型CYP4V2遺伝子によりクリスタリン網膜症患者由来細胞の表現型が回復したことを示す。
Experiment 8: Changes in modified cells caused by CYP4V2 gene transfer P2 WT iPS-RPE cells (NOR-2) and BCD iPS-RPE cells (BCD-2) were further cultured for 3 months. Infected with recombinant adenovirus. Furthermore, it culture | cultivated for 2 weeks and again infected with adenovirus. One month after the first adenovirus infection, the cells were observed in the same manner as in Experiment 3, the number of degenerated cells was counted, and the ratio of degenerated cells to the number of cells in the visual field was calculated. The results are shown in FIG. The percentage of degenerated cells in BCD iPS-RPE cells introduced with the wild-type CYP4V2 gene was significantly lower than BCD iPS-RPE cells introduced with the mutant or control gene. This result shows that the phenotype of cells derived from patients with crystal retinopathy was restored by the wild-type CYP4V2 gene.
実験9:オートファジーマーカーおよびリソソームタンパク質のウェスタンブロッティングおよび免疫染色
 P2のWT iPS-RPE細胞(NOR-1~3)およびBCD iPS-RPE細胞(BCD-1~3)をさらに3ヵ月培養した。リソソーム阻害剤であるバフィロマイシンA(20nM)で細胞を処理し、ウェスタンブロッティングに供した。ウェスタンブロッティングに使用した抗体は、抗p62(BD(610832)、マウスモノクローナル、1:1000)/LC3(MBL(PM036)、ウサギポリクローナル、1:1000)/Actin(sigma-aldrich(064M4789V)、マウスモノクローナル、1:5000)であった。結果を図9に示す。バフィロマイシンAの非存在下(Tx-)で、BCD iPS-RPE細胞では、WT iPS-RPE細胞と比較してLC3およびp62のレベルが高く、オートファジーが阻害されていることが示唆される。バフィロマイシンAの存在下(Baf A1)で、WT iPS-RPE細胞ではTx-と比較してLC3およびp62が増加したが、BCD iPS-RPE細胞ではバフィロマイシンAの影響は見られなかった。WT iPS-RPE細胞ではリソソーム阻害剤によりオートファジーが阻害されたが、BCD iPS-RPE細胞では常にオートファジーが阻害されているため、リソソーム阻害剤の影響を受けなかったと考えられる。
Experiment 9: Western blotting and immunostaining of autophagy markers and lysosomal proteins P2 WT iPS-RPE cells (NOR-1-3) and BCD iPS-RPE cells (BCD-1-3) were further cultured for 3 months. Cells were treated with the lysosome inhibitor bafilomycin A (20 nM) and subjected to Western blotting. The antibodies used for Western blotting were anti-p62 (BD (610832), mouse monoclonal, 1: 1000) / LC3 (MBL (PM036), rabbit polyclonal, 1: 1000) / Actin (sigma-aldrich (064M4789V), mouse monoclonal. , 1: 5000). The results are shown in FIG. In the absence of bafilomycin A (Tx-), BCD iPS-RPE cells have higher levels of LC3 and p62 compared to WT iPS-RPE cells, suggesting that autophagy is inhibited . In the presence of bafilomycin A (Baf A1), LC3 and p62 increased in WT iPS-RPE cells compared to Tx-, but no effect of bafilomycin A was seen in BCD iPS-RPE cells. . Autophagy was inhibited by lysosome inhibitors in WT iPS-RPE cells, but autophagy was always inhibited in BCD iPS-RPE cells, so it is considered that they were not affected by lysosome inhibitors.
 P2のWT iPS-RPE細胞およびBCD iPS-RPE細胞をさらに3ヵ月培養し、抗p62(BD(610832)、マウスモノクローナル、1:50)、抗lamp2(abcam(ab25631)、マウスIgG1、1:100)およびDAPIを用いて免疫染色した。免疫染色でも、BCD iPS-RPE細胞においてリソソームタンパクであるLamp2の発現亢進とp62発現亢進が確認され、BCD iPS-RPE細胞では、リソソームの蓄積とともに、オートファジーの流れが障害されていることが示唆された。 P2 WT iPS-RPE cells and BCD iPS-RPE cells were further cultured for 3 months, and anti-p62 (BD (610932), mouse monoclonal, 1:50), anti-lamp2 (abcam (ab25631), mouse IgG1, 1: 100). ) And DAPI. Immunostaining also confirmed increased expression of Lamp2, a lysosomal protein, and increased p62 expression in BCD iPS-RPE cells, suggesting that autophagy flow is impaired along with lysosomal accumulation in BCD PS-RPE cells. It was done.
実験10:LysoTracker標識によるリソソーム機能の解析
 P2のWT iPS-RPE細胞(NOR-1~3)およびBCD iPS-RPE細胞(BCD-1~3)をさらに3ヵ月培養した後、製造業者の指示に従い、LysoTracker Green (CST) と共に30分間37℃でインキュベートして染色した。フローサイトメトリー(BD FACS Calibur)により約100,000のイベントを検出した(各細胞株につき、n=3)。全細胞中のLysoTracker陽性細胞の割合を、図10に示す。BCD iPS-RPE細胞では、WT iPS-RPE細胞よりもLysoTracker陽性細胞が少なかった。LysoTrackerは酸性のリソソームを検出するので、LysoTracker陽性細胞の減少は、リソソームpHの上昇、即ち、リソソーム機能の障害を示唆する。
Experiment 10: Analysis of lysosomal function by LysoTracker labeling P2 WT iPS-RPE cells (NOR-1 to 3) and BCD iPS-RPE cells (BCD-1 to 3) were further cultured for 3 months, and then according to the manufacturer's instructions. And staining with LysoTracker Green (CST) for 30 minutes at 37 ° C. About 100,000 events were detected by flow cytometry (BD FACS Calibur) (n = 3 for each cell line). The ratio of LysoTracker positive cells in all cells is shown in FIG. BCD iPS-RPE cells had fewer LysoTracker positive cells than WT iPS-RPE cells. Since LysoTracker detects acidic lysosomes, a decrease in LysoTracker positive cells suggests an increase in lysosomal pH, ie impaired lysosomal function.
実験11:糖セラミドおよびコレステロールエステルの検出
 P2のWT iPS-RPE細胞(NOR-1~3)およびBCD iPS-RPE細胞(BCD-1~3)をさらに3ヵ月培養し、細胞中の糖セラミドおよびコレステロールエステルを、ノンターゲットのリピドミクスを使用して、LC-MS/MS(QTOF5600)により検出した。結果を図11および12に示す。BCD iPS-RPE細胞では様々な糖セラミドが蓄積していた。更に、BCD iPS-RPE細胞のコレステロールエステルが減少しており、コレステロールのエステル化障害が示唆された。
Experiment 11: Detection of sugar ceramide and cholesterol ester P2 WT iPS-RPE cells (NOR-1 to 3) and BCD iPS-RPE cells (BCD-1 to 3) were further cultured for 3 months. Cholesterol esters were detected by LC-MS / MS (QTOF5600) using non-targeted lipidomics. The results are shown in FIGS. Various sugar ceramides accumulated in BCD iPS-RPE cells. Furthermore, cholesterol ester in BCD iPS-RPE cells was decreased, suggesting impaired esterification of cholesterol.
実験12:細胞内遊離コレステロールの検出
 P2のWT iPS-RPE細胞(NOR-1~3)およびBCD iPS-RPE細胞(BCD-1~3)をさらに3ヵ月培養し、Cholesterol/Cholesteryl Ester Quantitation Kit II(BioVision, #K623-100)を製造業者の指示通りに使用し、細胞内の非エステル化コレステロールを測定した(各ラインn=1)。簡潔に説明すると、クロロホルム:イソプロパノール:NP-40溶液(7:11:0.1)40μl中の2x10個の細胞をホモジナイズした。15,000xgで5分間遠心分離した後、上清を回収し、分析液40μlに加え、蛍光プレートリーダーにより算出した。結果を図13に示す。BCD iPS-RPE細胞では、遊離コレステロールの蓄積が見られた。
Experiment 12: Detection of intracellular free cholesterol P2 WT iPS-RPE cells (NOR-1 to 3) and BCD iPS-RPE cells (BCD-1 to 3) were further cultured for 3 months, and Cholesterol / Cholesteryl Ester Quantitation Kit II (BioVision, # K623-100) was used as per manufacturer's instructions to measure intracellular non-esterified cholesterol (each line n = 1). Briefly, 2 × 10 5 cells in 40 μl of chloroform: isopropanol: NP-40 solution (7: 11: 0.1) were homogenized. After centrifugation at 15,000 × g for 5 minutes, the supernatant was collected, added to 40 μl of the analysis solution, and calculated with a fluorescence plate reader. The results are shown in FIG. BCD iPS-RPE cells showed free cholesterol accumulation.
実験13:BCD iPS-RPE細胞におけるコレステロール蓄積に対するコレステロール蓄積阻害剤の効果
 P2のBCD iPS-RPE細胞(BCD-1~3)をさらに3ヵ月培養し、次いで、50μMのN-ブチルデオキシノジリマイシン(NBDNJ、Wako 020-12631)、1mMの2-ヒドロキシプロピル-β-シクロデキストリン(HPBCD、AppliChem GmbH, A0367.0025)、1mMの2-ヒドロキシプロピル-γ-シクロデキストリン(HPGCD、SIGMA, H125-5G-I)、300μMのメチル-β-シクロデキストリン(MBCD、ALDRICH, 332615-5G)、または、40μMのδ-トコフェロール(δ-T、Sigma, 47784)と共に14日間培養した(各群n=3)。実験11および12と同様に、細胞内遊離コレステロールおよびコレステロールエステルを測定した。結果を図14に示す。HPBCD、HPGCD、MBCDおよびδ-T処理群では、非処理群(Tx(-)群)と比較して、遊離コレステロールが有意に低下していた。また、MBCD処理群では、非処理群と比較して、コレステロールエステルが有意に増加していた。
Experiment 13: Effect of cholesterol accumulation inhibitor on cholesterol accumulation in BCD iPS-RPE cells P2 BCD iPS-RPE cells (BCD-1-3) were cultured for another 3 months, then 50 μM N-butyldeoxynojirimycin (B NBDNJ, Wako 020-12631), 1 mM 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPBCD, AppliChem GmbH, A0367.0025), 1 mM 2-hydroxypropyl-γ-cyclodextrin (HPGCD, SIGMA, H125-5G- I), cultured with 300 μM methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MBCD, ALDRICH, 332615-5G) or 40 μM δ-tocopherol (δ-T, Sigma, 47784) for 14 days (each group n = 3). As in Experiments 11 and 12, intracellular free cholesterol and cholesterol esters were measured. The results are shown in FIG. In the HPBCD, HPGCD, MBCD, and δ-T treated groups, free cholesterol was significantly reduced compared to the untreated group (Tx (−) group). In the MBCD treatment group, cholesterol ester was significantly increased as compared to the non-treatment group.
実験14:BCD iPS-RPE細胞における細胞変性に対するコレステロール蓄積阻害剤の効果
 P2のBCD iPS-RPE細胞(BCD-1)をさらに3ヵ月培養し、50μMのNBDNJ、1mMのHPBCDまたは1mMのHPGCDと共に1ヵ月間培養した(各群n=3)。実験3と同様に細胞を観察し、各ウェル中の高倍率視野中の変性細胞の数を計数し、視野中の細胞数に対する変性細胞の割合を算出した。結果を図15に示す。HPBCDまたはHPGCD処理群では、非処理群と比較して、変性細胞が有意に少なかった。
Experiment 14: Effect of cholesterol accumulation inhibitor on cell degeneration in BCD iPS-RPE cells P2 BCD iPS-RPE cells (BCD-1) were further cultured for 3 months and 1 with 50 μM NBDNJ, 1 mM HPBCD or 1 mM HPGCD. Cultured for months (each group n = 3). Cells were observed in the same manner as in Experiment 3, the number of degenerated cells in the high-power field in each well was counted, and the ratio of degenerated cells to the number of cells in the field was calculated. The results are shown in FIG. The HPBCD or HPGCD treated group had significantly fewer degenerated cells than the untreated group.
実験15:BCD iPS-RPE細胞における細胞変性に対するコレステロール蓄積阻害剤の効果
 P2のBCD iPS-RPE細胞(BCD-1)をさらに3ヵ月培養し、1mMのHPBCDと共に1か月間培養した。実験4と同様に細胞を電子顕微鏡で観察した。結果を図16に示す。BCD iPS-RPE細胞中に大型化したリソソームとオスミウム酸親和性構造が見られたが、細胞質中のこれらの特徴的な構造の量は、HPBCD処理したBCD iPS-RPE細胞において少なかった。
Experiment 15: Effect of Cholesterol Accumulation Inhibitor on Cell Degeneration in BCD iPS-RPE Cells P2 BCD iPS-RPE cells (BCD-1) were further cultured for 3 months and cultured with 1 mM HPBCD for 1 month. Cells were observed with an electron microscope as in Experiment 4. The results are shown in FIG. Larger lysosomes and osmate-compatible structures were seen in BCD iPS-RPE cells, but the amount of these characteristic structures in the cytoplasm was less in HPBCD-treated BCD iPS-RPE cells.
実験16:BCD iPS-RPE前駆細胞の細胞増殖に対するコレステロール蓄積阻害剤の効果
 P1のBCD iPS-RPE細胞(BCD-1)をさらに1ヵ月培養し、50μMのNBDNJ、1mMのHPBCD、1mMのHPGCD、300μMのMBCDまたは40μMのδ-Tと共に7日間培養し、24ウェルプレートに5x10細胞/24ウェルプレート(=1.1x10細胞/cm)で再播種し、NBDNJ、HPBCD、HPGCD、MBCDまたはδ-Tによる処理を継続した。7日目に、実験5と同様に細胞数を算出した(各群n=4)。結果を図17に示す。HPBCD、HPGCD、MBCDおよびδ-T処理群は、非処理群(Tx(-)群)と比較して、増殖能が有意に高かった。
Experiment 16: Effect of cholesterol accumulation inhibitor on cell proliferation of BCD iPS-RPE progenitor cells P1 BCD iPS-RPE cells (BCD-1) were cultured for another month, 50 μM NBDNJ, 1 mM HPBCD, 1 mM HPGCD, Cultivate with 300 μM MBCD or 40 μM δ-T for 7 days, re-seed in 24 well plate at 5 × 10 5 cells / 24 well plate (= 1.1 × 10 4 cells / cm 2 ), NBDNJ, HPBCD, HPGCD, MBCD or Treatment with δ-T was continued. On the seventh day, the number of cells was calculated in the same manner as in Experiment 5 (each group n = 4). The results are shown in FIG. The HPBCD, HPGCD, MBCD, and δ-T treated groups had significantly higher proliferative capacity compared to the untreated group (Tx (−) group).
実験17:BCD iPS-RPE前駆細胞の細胞死に対するコレステロール蓄積阻害剤の効果
 P1のBCD iPS-RPE細胞(BCD-1)をさらに1ヵ月培養し、50μMのNBDNJ、1mMのHPBCD、1mMのHPGCD、300μMのMBCDまたは40μMのδ-Tと共に7日間培養し、24ウェルプレートに5x10細胞/プレート(=1.1x10細胞/cm)で再播種し、NBDNJ、HPBCD、HPGCD、MBCDまたはδ-Tによる処理を継続した。3日目に、実験6と同様に細胞死を評価した(各群n=3)。結果を図18に示す。HPBCD、HPGCD、MBCDおよびδ-T処理群は、非処理群と比較して、死細胞率が低かった。
Experiment 17: Effect of cholesterol accumulation inhibitor on cell death of BCD iPS-RPE progenitor cells P1 BCD iPS-RPE cells (BCD-1) were further cultured for 1 month, 50 μM NBDNJ, 1 mM HPBCD, 1 mM HPGCD, Culturing with 300 μM MBCD or 40 μM δ-T for 7 days, replated at 5 × 10 5 cells / plate (= 1.1 × 10 4 cells / cm 2 ) in a 24-well plate, and NBDNJ, HPBCD, HPGCD, MBCD or δ− Processing with T continued. On the third day, cell death was evaluated in the same manner as in Experiment 6 (each group n = 3). The results are shown in FIG. The HPBCD, HPGCD, MBCD and δ-T treated groups had a lower dead cell rate than the untreated group.
実験18:BCD iPS-RPE細胞のリソソーム機能に対するコレステロール蓄積阻害剤の効果
 P2のBCD iPS-RPE細胞(BCD-1~3)をさらに3ヵ月培養し、50μMのNBDNJ、1mMのHPBCDまたは1mMのHPGCDと共に14日間培養した。実験10と同様にLysoTracker陽性細胞の割合を算出し、リソソーム機能を評価した(各細胞株につき、n=3)。結果を図19に示す。HPBCDおよびHPGCD処理群では、非処理群と比較して、リソソーム機能が改善されていた。
Experiment 18: Effect of cholesterol accumulation inhibitor on lysosomal function of BCD iPS-RPE cells P2 BCD iPS-RPE cells (BCD-1-3) were further cultured for 3 months, 50 μM NBDNJ, 1 mM HPBCD or 1 mM HPGCD And cultured for 14 days. The ratio of LysoTracker positive cells was calculated in the same manner as in Experiment 10, and lysosomal function was evaluated (n = 3 for each cell line). The results are shown in FIG. The HPBCD and HPGCD treated groups had improved lysosomal function compared to the untreated group.
実験19:BCD iPS-RPE細胞の細胞内糖セラミドおよびコレステロールエステルに対するコレステロール蓄積阻害剤の効果
 P2のBCD iPS-RPE細胞(BCD-2)をさらに3ヵ月培養し、次いで、50μMのNBDNJ、1mMのHPBCDまたは1mMのHPGCDと共に14日間培養した(各群n=3)。細胞中の糖セラミドおよびコレステロールエステルを、LC-MS/MS(QTOF5600)により検出した。結果を図20~22に示す。NBDNJ、HPBCDおよびHPGCD処理群では、非処理群(Tx(-)群)と比較して、各種の糖セラミドが有意に減少していた。また、HPBCDおよびHPGCD処理群では、非処理群と比較して、各種のコレステロールエステルが有意に増加していた。
Experiment 19: Effect of cholesterol accumulation inhibitors on intracellular sugar ceramide and cholesterol esters of BCD iPS-RPE cells P2 BCD iPS-RPE cells (BCD-2) were further cultured for 3 months, then 50 μM NBDNJ, 1 mM Cultured with HPBCD or 1 mM HPGCD for 14 days (each group n = 3). Sugar ceramide and cholesterol ester in the cells were detected by LC-MS / MS (QTOF5600). The results are shown in FIGS. In the NBDNJ, HPBCD, and HPGCD treated groups, various sugar ceramides were significantly decreased as compared to the untreated group (Tx (−) group). In the HPBCD and HPGCD treated groups, various cholesterol esters were significantly increased compared to the untreated group.
実験20:BCD iPS-RPE細胞のオートファジー障害に対するコレステロール蓄積阻害剤の効果
 P2のBCD iPS-RPE細胞(BCD-1~3)をさらに3ヵ月培養し、次いで、1mMのHPBCDと共に14日間培養し、実験9と同様にウェスタンブロッティングに供した(各群n=3)。結果を図23に示す。HPBCD処理群では、非処理群(Tx(-)群)と比較して、LC3-IIおよびp62のレベルが低かった。このことは、HPBCD処理によりオートファジー障害が改善されたことを示唆する。
Experiment 20: Effect of cholesterol accumulation inhibitor on autophagy damage of BCD iPS-RPE cells P2 BCD iPS-RPE cells (BCD-1-3) were further cultured for 3 months and then cultured with 1 mM HPBCD for 14 days. The samples were subjected to Western blotting in the same manner as in Experiment 9 (each group n = 3). The results are shown in FIG. In the HPBCD-treated group, the levels of LC3-II and p62 were low compared to the untreated group (Tx (−) group). This suggests that autophagy disorder was improved by HPBCD treatment.

Claims (11)

  1. コレステロール蓄積阻害剤を含むクリスタリン網膜症の処置および/または予防用の組成物。 A composition for treating and / or preventing crystallin retinopathy, comprising a cholesterol accumulation inhibitor.
  2. コレステロール蓄積阻害剤が、シクロデキストリン化合物またはビタミンE化合物である、請求項1に記載の組成物。 The composition according to claim 1, wherein the cholesterol accumulation inhibitor is a cyclodextrin compound or a vitamin E compound.
  3. コレステロール蓄積阻害剤が、シクロデキストリン化合物である、請求項1または請求項2に記載の組成物。 The composition according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the cholesterol accumulation inhibitor is a cyclodextrin compound.
  4. コレステロール蓄積阻害剤が、少なくとも1個のヒドロキシル基がアルキル化またはヒドロキシアルキル化されていてもよいβ-シクロデキストリンまたはγ-シクロデキストリン、またはそれらの薬学的に許容される塩、エステル、溶媒和物もしくは水和物である、請求項1ないし3のいずれかに記載の組成物。 The cholesterol accumulation inhibitor is a β-cyclodextrin or γ-cyclodextrin in which at least one hydroxyl group may be alkylated or hydroxyalkylated, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester or solvate thereof. Or the composition in any one of Claim 1 thru | or 3 which is a hydrate.
  5. コレステロール蓄積阻害剤が、2-ヒドロキシプロピル-β-シクロデキストリン(HPBCD)、2-ヒドロキシプロピル-γ-シクロデキストリン(HPGCD)またはメチル-β-シクロデキストリン(MBCD)である、請求項1ないし4のいずれかに記載の組成物。 The cholesterol accumulation inhibitor is 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPBCD), 2-hydroxypropyl-γ-cyclodextrin (HPGCD) or methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MBCD). A composition according to any one of the above.
  6. コレステロール蓄積阻害剤がHPBCDまたはHPGCDである、請求項1ないし5のいずれかに記載の組成物。 The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the cholesterol accumulation inhibitor is HPBCD or HPGCD.
  7. コレステロール蓄積阻害剤がHPBCDである、請求項1ないし6のいずれかに記載の組成物。 The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the cholesterol accumulation inhibitor is HPBCD.
  8. コレステロール蓄積阻害剤がHPGCDである、請求項1ないし6のいずれかに記載の組成物。 The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the cholesterol accumulation inhibitor is HPGCD.
  9. コレステロール蓄積阻害剤がビタミンE化合物である、請求項1または2に記載の組成物。 The composition according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the cholesterol accumulation inhibitor is a vitamin E compound.
  10. コレステロール蓄積阻害剤がトコフェロールである、請求項1、2または9に記載の組成物。 The composition according to claim 1, 2 or 9, wherein the cholesterol accumulation inhibitor is tocopherol.
  11. コレステロール蓄積阻害剤がδ-トコフェロールである、請求項1、2、9または10に記載の組成物。 The composition according to claim 1, 2, 9 or 10, wherein the cholesterol accumulation inhibitor is δ-tocopherol.
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