WO2018196830A1 - 一种用于柔性直流输电***孤岛启动的方法 - Google Patents

一种用于柔性直流输电***孤岛启动的方法 Download PDF

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WO2018196830A1
WO2018196830A1 PCT/CN2018/084716 CN2018084716W WO2018196830A1 WO 2018196830 A1 WO2018196830 A1 WO 2018196830A1 CN 2018084716 W CN2018084716 W CN 2018084716W WO 2018196830 A1 WO2018196830 A1 WO 2018196830A1
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voltage
stage
flexible
reference wave
island
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PCT/CN2018/084716
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English (en)
French (fr)
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王柯
随顺科
卢宇
董云龙
胡兆庆
李钢
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南京南瑞继保电气有限公司
南京南瑞继保工程技术有限公司
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Priority to US16/607,847 priority Critical patent/US11329486B2/en
Priority to KR1020197031676A priority patent/KR102278988B1/ko
Priority to AU2018259838A priority patent/AU2018259838B2/en
Priority to EP18790888.4A priority patent/EP3618215A4/en
Priority to JP2019558665A priority patent/JP6880234B2/ja
Publication of WO2018196830A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018196830A1/zh

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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/36Arrangements for transfer of electric power between ac networks via a high-tension dc link
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/388Islanding, i.e. disconnection of local power supply from the network
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/36Means for starting or stopping converters
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/60Arrangements for transfer of electric power between AC networks or generators via a high voltage DC link [HVCD]

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of flexible direct current transmission of a power system, and in particular to a method for island start of a flexible direct current transmission system.
  • Flexible DC transmission uses a voltage source converter to independently and quickly control the active and reactive power of the control system, thereby improving system stability, suppressing system frequency and voltage fluctuations, and improving the steady-state performance of the grid-connected AC system. .
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a method for island start-up of a flexible direct current transmission system in view of the deficiencies of the prior art, which can avoid large disturbances and large shocks when the island is started, and can effectively suppress the initial stage output voltage and current when the zero voltage is started.
  • the high frequency components and distortion ensure stable operation of the system.
  • a method for island start-up of a flexible direct current transmission system the island control mode is first started in an open loop control mode with zero voltage, followed by double closed loop control, or directly adopts double closed loop control, and the outer loop control output voltage of the double closed loop control Amplitude and frequency, the inner loop controls the output current to establish a steady-state voltage;
  • the characteristic is that the amplitude of the voltage reference wave generated by the flexible DC control system adopts a segmented mode, which is divided into at least two segments, and the first segment of the reference amplitude
  • the value starts from zero or a certain value U x and rapidly rises to U a kV according to the rate ⁇ kV/s, and the subsequent other reference wave amplitude increases at the same or different rate, and are not greater than the first segment rate ⁇ , the last segment
  • the reference wave amplitude is finally raised to the rated voltage U N kV , so that the island of the flexible DC transmission system is undisturbed and has no impact start; wherein the initial value of the reference
  • is the voltage rise rate of the second stage
  • is the voltage rise rate of the third stage
  • is the voltage rise rate of the Nth stage.
  • the invention provides a method for island start of a flexible direct current transmission system, characterized in that the segmented output of the voltage reference wave has a segment number N ⁇ 2.
  • the invention provides a method for island start of a flexible direct current transmission system, which is characterized in that, when the zero pressure is started, the load can be started with or without a load.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a flexible DC transmission system at both ends
  • Figure 2 is an island closed-loop control startup flow chart
  • FIG. 3 uses the startup waveform of the islanding method described herein;
  • Figure 4 shows the startup waveform of the reference wave voltage amplitude rising from 0 at 5.975kV/s when the island is started.
  • the schematic diagram of the flexible direct current transmission system is shown in Fig. 1.
  • the islanding start is performed by the steps shown in Fig. 2.
  • the voltage reference wave starts from 0kv, and assumes that the rated voltage is 119.5kV; when the reference voltage of the output voltage is small, the sampling voltage and current error and harmonic content are too large. Adverse effects of the control system;
  • Fig. 3 is a waveform when the islanding method described herein is employed
  • Fig. 4 is a waveform when the voltage output RMS value rises directly at 5.975 kV/s when the invention is not employed.
  • UREF_L1, URF_L2, and URF_L3 represent A, B, and C three-phase reference waves.
  • UY_LA_C, UY_LB_C, and UY_LA_C represent the actual voltage generated according to the reference wave. It can be seen that when the island startup method described in this paper is used The waveform is smooth and has no impact.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Inverter Devices (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)
  • Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)
  • Direct Current Feeding And Distribution (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开一种柔性直流输电***孤岛启动的方法,当与柔性直流换流站相连的交流电网区域内无交流电源时,柔性直流换流站需要以孤岛的模式启动运行。该孤岛模式采用双闭环控制,外环控制输出电压幅值和频率,内环控制输出电流。孤岛启动时,柔性直流输电控保***产生的电压参考波输出幅值大小采用分段的模式,第一段参考波幅值从零或一定值 Ux开始,按照速率αkV/s 快速升至 UakV,避免输出电压参考波较小时,采样电压和电流误差及谐波含量过大对控制***的不利影响;第二段按照速率βkV/s升至 UbkV,第三段按照速率γkV/s 升至 UckV,……,第 N 段按照速率εkV/s 升至额定电压 UNkV,从而实现柔性直流输电***孤岛无扰动、无冲击启动。

Description

一种用于柔性直流输电***孤岛启动的方法 技术领域
本发明涉及电力***柔性直流输电技术领域,具体涉及一种柔性直流输电***孤岛启动的方法。
背景技术
柔性直流输电采用电压源型换流器,可以独立、快速控制控制***的有功功率和无功功率,从而提高***的稳定性,抑制***频率和电压的波动,提高并网交流***的稳态性能。
我国沿海岛屿众多,岛屿内部交流电网大部分偏弱,电源输出不稳定。而柔性直流输电在分布式发电并网、孤岛供电、新能源并网、城市配网供电等领域具有较大的优势。为此,国家电网公司和南方电网公司大力推进沿海岛屿的电网建设,其中,国家电网公司建设了浙江舟山五端柔直工程,南方电网公司建设了广东南澳三端柔直工程。当与柔性直流换流站相连的交流电网区域内无交流电源时,柔性直流换流站需要以孤岛的模式启动运行。即当海岛交流电网失去时,若此时柔直换流站未运行,则启动的时候需要以孤岛的方式启动。现有的文章中,多数是讨论柔直***运行时,如果交流电网失电,柔直***转为孤岛控制的方法,如《柔性直流输电***并列转孤岛运行控制切换时限研究》(文安,史文博,中国电机工程学会年会,2014)介绍了***从交直流并列运行转为孤岛运行时,送端换流站从定有功功率控制转为定频率控制,分析了控制策略切换时限长短对送端***频率的影响。《柔性直流输电***的联网和孤岛运行通用控制策略》(管敏渊,张静,电力***自动化,2015)介绍了交流侧的频率-有功功率的下垂控制和直流侧的有功功率-直流电压的下垂控制,并由此提出了柔性直流输电***联网和孤岛运行的通用控制策略。现有公开的文献中,未有涉及孤岛启动时的控制方法。
因而,有必要寻找一种适用于孤岛控制时无扰动、无冲击的启动方法,解决海岛交流电网失电时,柔直***无源启动的问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于针对现有技术不足,提供一种用于柔性直流输电***孤岛启动的方法,可以避免孤岛启动时的大扰动、大冲击,可以有效抑制零电压启动时初始阶段输出电压和电流的高频分量及畸变,保证***的稳定运行。
为了达成上述目的,本发明采用的技术方案是:
一种用于柔性直流输电***孤岛启动的方法,孤岛控制模式先以开环控制方式零电压启动,后采用双闭环控制,或者直接采用双闭环控制,所述双闭环控制的外环控制输出电压幅值和频率,内环控制输出电流,建立稳态电压;其特征在于,柔性直流控制***产生的电压参考波幅值大小采用分段的模式,至少分为两段,第一段参考波幅值从零或一定值U x开始,按照速率αkV/s快速升至U akV,后面的其他分段参考波幅值上升速率相同或者不相同,且均不大于第一段速率α,最后一段参考波幅值最终升至额定电压U NkV,从而实现柔性 直流输电***孤岛无扰动、无冲击启动;其中,参考波的初始值U x≤0.4p.u,第一段速率α≥2.0p.u/s。第一阶段电压升至U a后,作为第二阶段的电压参考波初始值,第二阶段电压升至U b后,作为第三阶段参考波初始值,且U x≤U a≤Ub≤……≤U N,1.0p.u=U NkV。
本发明提供的一种柔性直流输电***孤岛启动的方法,其特征在于,第一阶段的电压上升速率大于或者等于第二阶段、第三阶段、第N阶段的电压上升速率,即α≥β≥0、α≥γ≥0、α≥ε≥0kV/s,同时,要求α≥2.0PU/s,1.0PU=U NkV。β为第二阶段的电压上升速率,γ为第三阶段的电压上升速率,ε为第N阶段的电压上升速率。
本发明提供的一种柔性直流输电***孤岛启动的方法,其特征在于,控保***参考波的初始值u refi≤0.4p.u,即初始电压U x≤0.4p.u,1.0p.u=U NkV,从而保证初始阶段对变压器充电时的励磁涌流较小,防止保护误动。
本发明提供的一种柔性直流输电***孤岛启动的方法,其特征在于,电压参考波的分段输出,其分段数N≥2。
本发明提供的一种柔性直流输电***孤岛启动的方法,其特征在于,零压启动时,可以带负载启动,也可以不带负载启动。
采用上述方案后,本发明的有益效果为:
(1)本发明提供的柔性直流输电***孤岛启动的方法,避免了孤岛启动时的冲击和扰动;
(2)本发明提供的柔性直流输电***孤岛启动的方法,避免了孤岛启动时初始阶段的高频分量和畸变。
(3)本发明提供的柔性直流输电***孤岛启动的方法,解决了海岛交流电网失电时,柔直***无源启动的问题。
附图说明
图1两端柔性直流输电***示意图;
图2孤岛闭环控制启动流程图;
图3采用本文所述的孤岛启动方法的启动波形;
图4孤岛启动时参考波电压幅值按照5.975kV/s从0上升的启动波形。
具体实施方式
以下将结合附图及具体实施例,对本发明的技术方案进行详细说明。柔性直流输电***的示意图如图1所示,以图2所示的步骤进行孤岛启动,孤岛启动的参考波输出分为两段输出即N=2。
(1)当换流站以孤岛模式解锁后,电压参考波从0kv开始启动,同时,假设额定电压为119.5kV;避免输出电压参考波较小时,采样电压和电流误差及谐波含量过大对控制***的不利影响;
(2)启动第一阶段,电压参考波幅值的上升速率设置为1195kV/s,α=1195;
(3)当电压输出有效值为23.9kV时,开始启动第二阶段,上升速率由1195kV/s改为5.975kV/s,β=5.975;
(4)电压输出有效值由23.9kV缓慢上升至额定电压119.5kV。
图3为采用本文所述的孤岛启动方法时的波形,图4为未采用本发明,启动时电压输出有效值直接按照5.975kV/s上升时的波形。图3和图4中,UREF_L1、UREF_L2、UREF_L3代表A、B、C三相参考波,UY_LA_C、UY_LB_C、UY_LA_C代表按照参考波产生的实际电压,可以看到,采用本文所述的孤岛启动方法时的波形光滑,无冲击。
以上实施例仅为说明本发明的技术思想,不能以此限定本发明的保护范围,凡是按照本发明提出的技术思想,在技术方案基础上所做的任何改动,均落入本发明保护范围之内。

Claims (5)

  1. 一种用于柔性直流输电***孤岛启动的方法,在孤岛控制模式中先以开环控制方式零电压启动,然后后采用双闭环控制,或者直接采用双闭环控制;所述双闭环控制中,外环控制输出电压幅值和频率,内环控制输出电流,建立稳态电压;其特征在于:柔性直流控制***产生的电压参考波幅值大小采用分段的模式,至少分为两段,第一段电压参考波幅值从零或定值U xkV开始,按照速率αkV/s升至U akV,最后一段参考波幅值升至额定电压UNkV;
    其中,参考波的初始值U x≤0.4p.u,第一段速率α≥2.0p.u/s;
    第一阶段电压升至U akV后,作为第二阶段的电压参考波初始值;第二阶段电压升至UbkV后,作为第三阶段参考波初始值,且U x≤U a≤U b≤……≤U N,U NkV=1.0p.u。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的一种柔性直流输电***孤岛启动的方法,其特征在于,第一阶段的电压上升速率大于或者等于第二阶段、第三阶段、……、第N阶段的电压上升速率,即α≥β≥0、α≥γ≥0、α≥ε≥0kV/s,β为第二阶段的电压上升速率,γ为第三阶段的电压上升速率,ε为第N阶段的电压上升速率。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的一种柔性直流输电***孤岛启动的方法,其特征在于,在孤岛启动初始阶段,变压器磁通φ i和电压的关系满足下式:
    Figure PCTCN2018084716-appb-100001
    额定磁通
    Figure PCTCN2018084716-appb-100002
    当无源启动瞬间,若α=0,则
    Figure PCTCN2018084716-appb-100003
    若U x≤0.5U N,则产生的最大磁通不会超过额定磁通。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的一种柔性直流输电***孤岛启动的方法,其特征在于,电压参考波的分段输出,其分段数N≥2。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的一种柔性直流输电***孤岛启动的方法,其特征在于,孤岛启动时,带负载启动,或者不带负载启动。
PCT/CN2018/084716 2017-04-27 2018-04-27 一种用于柔性直流输电***孤岛启动的方法 WO2018196830A1 (zh)

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US16/607,847 US11329486B2 (en) 2017-04-27 2018-04-27 Method for initiating flexible DC transmission system under isolated island condition
KR1020197031676A KR102278988B1 (ko) 2017-04-27 2018-04-27 유연 직류 송전 시스템의 아일랜딩 가동 개시를 위한 방법
AU2018259838A AU2018259838B2 (en) 2017-04-27 2018-04-27 Method for initiating flexible DC transmission system under isolated island condition
EP18790888.4A EP3618215A4 (en) 2017-04-27 2018-04-27 METHOD FOR INITIATING A FLEXIBLE DC CIRCUIT TRANSMISSION SYSTEM UNDER ISOLATED ISLAND CONDITIONS
JP2019558665A JP6880234B2 (ja) 2017-04-27 2018-04-27 離島におけるフレキシブル直流送電システムの起動方法

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CN110912091A (zh) * 2019-12-03 2020-03-24 西安交通大学 一种柔性直流输电线路单端行波超高速保护***及方法
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