WO2018196214A1 - 一种地理影响民居建筑形态的统计***及统计方法 - Google Patents

一种地理影响民居建筑形态的统计***及统计方法 Download PDF

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WO2018196214A1
WO2018196214A1 PCT/CN2017/095862 CN2017095862W WO2018196214A1 WO 2018196214 A1 WO2018196214 A1 WO 2018196214A1 CN 2017095862 W CN2017095862 W CN 2017095862W WO 2018196214 A1 WO2018196214 A1 WO 2018196214A1
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residential
residential building
information
spatial
data
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PCT/CN2017/095862
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French (fr)
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余亮
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苏州大学
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F16/00—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor
    • G06F16/20—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor of structured data, e.g. relational data
    • G06F16/24—Querying
    • G06F16/245—Query processing
    • G06F16/2458—Special types of queries, e.g. statistical queries, fuzzy queries or distributed queries
    • G06F16/2465—Query processing support for facilitating data mining operations in structured databases
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F16/00—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor
    • G06F16/20—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor of structured data, e.g. relational data
    • G06F16/29—Geographical information databases
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q50/00—Information and communication technology [ICT] specially adapted for implementation of business processes of specific business sectors, e.g. utilities or tourism
    • G06Q50/08—Construction

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of residential architecture, in particular to a statistical system and a statistical method for geographically influencing the shape of a residential building.
  • the residential buildings or traditional residential buildings here mainly refer to the residential buildings formed in a certain historical stage, called residential buildings or traditional residential buildings.
  • residential buildings In China, mainly for residential buildings before liberation, relatively speaking, the residential buildings in that period were modern.
  • the theory that is, the influence of the large-scale construction trend of international style is small, especially the social movement of people is small, and the amount of information intake between them is small, so there are few factors affecting the shape of residential buildings.
  • Traditional residential buildings are the earliest and most common means of living and living in human beings. They are very large. The construction process is connected with the material characteristics and application methods. Therefore, it is simple and natural.
  • the formation of residential buildings obeys the geographical and natural development characteristics and laws, and promotes technological progress. The continuous development of residential buildings.
  • the invention takes the existing and disappearing traditional residential buildings as objects, and analyzes the inherent relationship and the law between the residential buildings and the geographical conditions by combing the inherent requirements generated by the traditional residential building forms and related natural geographical phenomena. Its main significance is: statistically explore the rules and mechanism of development of traditional residential buildings suitable for different geographical and natural environments for thousands of years. Through the construction statistics of data, the interconnection and interoperability of big data in traditional residential building research and application is realized. Providing data and theoretical support for the development of residential science related disciplines, allowing more people to easily recognize and join the ranks of protecting tens of thousands of traditional residential buildings.
  • the object of the present invention is to solve the problems in the prior art, and to analyze and analyze the close relationship between abstract residential buildings and different geographical conditions through the observation of natural geographical phenomena and characteristics related to the development of traditional residential building forms from the perspective of geography. Evaluate the role of residential building patterns in adapting to nature and the environment, and coordinating the relationship between people and geography, so that people can live and work comfortably and comfortably.
  • a statistical system for geographically influencing the shape of residential buildings characterized in that it comprises:
  • An information selection unit includes a selection module for selecting a residential building form information for extracting information on the shape of the residential building, a spatial location acquisition module for locating the spatial location and distribution information of the residential building, and is used for extracting The residential building environment extraction module and the storage module of the residential building environmental resource; the storage module is configured to store the information of the residential building form information, the terrain and the spatial location distribution information of the residential building, and the information of the residential building environmental resource;
  • the data processing unit statistically analyzes the constituent features of the residential building form, the location distribution characteristics of the terrain and the residential building space, and the characteristics of the residential building environmental resources through the basic spatial information of the raster data and/or the vector data, and statistically analyzes the residential buildings The relationship between the characteristics of the building form and the spatial distribution of the terrain and residential buildings and the environmental resources of the residential buildings.
  • the residential building form information selection module comprises a surveying component for mapping the shape information of the residential building, a photographing component for photographing the shape information of the residential building, and a query component for inquiring information about the shape of the known residential building, the surveying component
  • the shooting component and the query component are respectively electrically connected to the storage module.
  • the residential building environmental resource collection module comprises a survey component for surveying a residential building environment
  • the survey component comprises a meteorological survey structure, a geological structure survey structure, a geomorphological survey structure, a soil material resource survey structure, a vegetation resource survey structure, and a water body.
  • the resource survey structure, the meteorological survey structure, the geological structure survey structure, the geomorphological survey structure, the soil material resource survey structure, the vegetation resource survey structure, and the water resource survey structure are electrically connected to the storage module.
  • the method further comprises a natural element statistical unit and a spatial element statistical unit, and the natural element statistical unit and the spatial element statistical unit together calculate the influence of the natural elements on the spatial form of the residential building according to the dynamic change of the residential building with the time axis.
  • a statistical method for geographically influencing the shape of a residential building characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
  • the overall space system is constructed according to the type of data information, and the relationship between the residential building form and the geospatial space is sorted by the level of the space and the level of the inclusion, and the point line and the multilayer body are separated.
  • Two levels, the point line surface is a horizontal and one-dimensional plane level, and the multi-layer body is a three-dimensional level that superimposes the vertical direction; the point line surface has different geometric levels and inclusion levels, and the space corresponds to the residential building form.
  • the individual buildings on the scale can be regarded as discrete geometric points, multiple
  • the collection of traditional residential buildings is a village.
  • the village has a planar feature of point collection
  • the residential buildings of the same village can be considered to be of the same type and can be classified into point data;
  • the line can be defined as the boundary between the plane and the plane. , indicating the intersection line and division size of different residential building form types, and determining this boundary requires certain principles and methods and has been evaluated and certified.
  • Horizontal plane is a collection of many data points, may be considered forms of the same residential building or similar type of gathering, A certain number of point agglomerations can become faces, and when the points in the point data with similar or identical morphological features are brought together, it is easy to generalize into a type of residential building with certain morphological characteristics.
  • This type can be identified as a specific type of area, and There are distinguishable clear intersection lines between adjacent areas, the area can be large or small, and has the characteristics of spatial zoning; the vertical characteristics of spatial multi-layered bodies: the multi-layered bodies are of the same size, and the upper and lower layers correspond to the surface layer of the earth.
  • composition is compared with the layer of the different natural attribute zoning features, and the data of the residential building morphological layer and the corresponding natural environment resource layer are vertically formed, and the degree of correlation between the two layers or layers is statistically evaluated; the surface data, It can be divided into meridional and latitudinal directions to further compare the relationship between the meridional and latitudinal directions of geography in the formation of residential buildings.
  • the geographic location acquisition module comprises a surveying component, the surveying component maps the topographic map, and the surveying component and the GPS system together calculate the spatial position distribution of the residential building;
  • the connection operation uses digital and coding techniques to form the individual form of the residential building Considering spatial geometric information, using spatial layered processing methods to correlate geographically natural meteorological, topographic, river, plant, soil information and geometrical information of residential buildings, to conduct statistical analysis of different layers; statistical analysis and application of geographic information Systems (GIS) and similar technologies to build statistical research platforms, statistical analysis using digital methods, infiltration from the overall framework system to all the detailed component processing links, considering data formats and mutual transformation methods, residential building data
  • GIS geographic information Systems
  • the format selects the vector and grid data format according to the characteristics of the depiction performance, and depicts the residential building form. When the form has homogeneous characteristics, the grid type data can be used, and the vector type data is used instead.
  • the hierarchical geographic grid method is used to reasonably calculate the spatial distribution characteristics of the residential building form, and the spatial characteristics of the residential building form are summarized by two indicators of uniformity and density.
  • uniformity is the degree of dispersion of individual building types in a specific spatial area
  • density is the number of individual types of residential buildings within a certain spatial area.
  • the degree of distribution and density of residential buildings or village point data To indicate the degree of distribution and density of residential buildings or village point data; to apply different grid sizes, that is, according to the density of point data of actual space residential buildings or villages, select grid levels of different resolutions to make the actual
  • the statistical summarization of spatial residential buildings or village point data distribution is more reasonable and effective, that is, the point distribution with small density or sparseness indicates that the number of data of different residential buildings or village types in the space area is small, and the lattice spacing of the grid is large. If the distribution is dense, the grid spacing is small; there may be different levels in a certain space area. That is, the resolution of the grid, through the resolution of the grid, that is, the scale adjustment of the grid spacing, can build different levels of data classification system, and effectively count the point data of different residential building types or village types in the space.
  • the individual residential building is decomposed and detailed, and the individual residential building can be regarded as a point when it is counted in a large geographical space, and the shape of the residential building is a tangible space enclosed by the space.
  • the degree depends on the construction method of residential buildings, the building materials of residential buildings, the processing technology of components and the various elements of human aesthetic taste, especially the direct contact and influence of the natural environment.
  • the design can be used to make the shape of space enclosure reasonable.
  • Geostatistics, adjustment and combination; the method of decomposition of the enclosed space form of residential buildings is abstracted and summarized into several basic elements of residential building form. When the form is rectangular, the wall, roof and ground are used as the basic block of the surrounding structure.
  • the elements, and in each block can also be separated: the size and thickness of the body scale, the integrity of the block, the hole rate, the spatial topological performance between the blocks, the material and uniformity of the block, the block The method of composition.
  • the data attribute of the individual form of the geographical natural and residential building can be applied to the recording and generalizing statistics of the space and the attribute by using the two-dimensional attribute data table, and the two-dimensional attribute table is composed of rows/or records and columns/or fields, each row Fill in the names and attributes of the individual buildings and/or component details/points of the different geographical locations, or the shape and shape of the structure, with the identifier identification, and the column segments are filled with the parameter characteristics indicating the shape of each line.
  • Geo-grid application layered hierarchical coding method to distinguish different grid locations and sizes, adjacent relationships, texts, pictures, tables or plug-ins can be added to the layer to describe the shape of residential buildings and geographic entities. Parameter characteristics; application time elements dynamically describe and record the residential building patterns of different individuals and regions, and statistically compare their attribute parameter characteristics.
  • the statistical system and statistical method for geographically influencing the shape of residential buildings according to the present invention, through the statistical relationship between the geographical and natural influences of residential buildings, and evaluating the relationship between the adjustment of the relationship between the human and the natural through the change of the shape of the residential building, Rationally and conveniently explore the characteristics and laws of the adaptation of residential buildings to nature.
  • the form is a measure to evaluate the adaptation of residential buildings to nature and the environment.
  • the adjustment of different forms of residential buildings can maximize the relationship between people and geography and nature. The purpose is to enable people to live and work comfortably and comfortably.
  • the statistical system and statistical method of the geographically affected residential building form described in the present invention are simple and practical, and are easy to explore and promote the essence of the law of residential building development, which is beneficial to the collection and management of residential building information, and is beneficial to the residential building culture.
  • the inheritance and statistical management work is carried out efficiently.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the effect of the adjustment of nature, humanities and geography on the formation of residential buildings in the statistical system of the geographically influential residential building form according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a statistical system of a geographically influential residential building form according to the present invention, which is divided into a spatial statistical diagram of two modes of horizontal and vertical action.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the geometrical level of the point line plane and the different roles in the space in the statistical system of the geographically influential residential building form according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing the horizontal horizontal division of different residential building forms formed by the statistical system of the geographically influential residential building form according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing the different distribution characteristics of residential building types in the geospatial space according to the statistical system of the geographically influential residential building form according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic view showing the simplification and component decomposition of the residential building individual in the statistical system of the geographically influential residential building form according to the present invention.
  • the present invention discloses a statistical system for geographically influencing the shape of a residential building, comprising an information collection information selection unit, and the collection information selection unit includes a residence for collecting information on the shape of the residential building.
  • the building form information collecting information selecting module the residential building space location collecting module for locating the spatial location and distribution information of the residential building, the residential building environment extracting module and the storage module for extracting the residential building environmental resources
  • the storage module is used for Storing the information of the residential building form, the terrain and the spatial location distribution information of the residential building, and the information of the residential building environmental resource
  • the data processing unit the data processing unit statistics the residential building form by using the basic spatial information of the raster data and/or the vector data
  • the residential building form information selection module comprises a surveying component for mapping the shape information of the residential building, a photographing component for photographing the shape information of the residential building, and a query component for inquiring information about the shape of the known residential building, the surveying component
  • the shooting component and the query component are respectively electrically connected to the storage module.
  • the residential building environmental resource collection module comprises a survey component for surveying a residential building environment
  • the survey component comprises a meteorological survey structure, a geological structure survey structure, a geomorphological survey structure, a soil material resource survey structure, a vegetation resource survey structure, and a water body.
  • the resource survey structure, the meteorological survey structure, the geological structure survey structure, the geomorphological survey structure, the soil material resource survey structure, the vegetation resource survey structure, and the water resource survey structure are electrically connected to the storage module.
  • the statistical system for the geographical influence of the residential building form further comprises a natural element statistical unit and a spatial element statistical unit, and the natural element statistical unit and the spatial element statistical unit together calculate the natural according to the dynamic change of the residential building with the time axis.
  • a statistical method for geographically influencing the shape of a residential building comprises the following steps: (1) collecting information on the shape of the residential building through the information collection module of the residential building form; (2) counting the form of the residential building through the data information of the grid and the vector. (3) collecting the spatial location distribution information of residential buildings through the geographic location acquisition module; (4) collecting and summarizing various theories and methods for statistically influencing the statistical methods of residential buildings by measuring or selecting existing data. Available data information; (5) Apply geometric grading method, divide the space into two horizontal and vertical statistical modes, and sort out the relationship between the generated form of residential buildings and the geographical nature.
  • the reason for the formation of residential buildings is that the residential buildings are spaces, and the form of residential buildings is a spatial form.
  • the formation of the form is directly related to the local climate, topography, rivers and other geographical phenomena, in addition to the influence of human conditions. It should not be vague, it should be clearly quantifiable, it is the relationship between the action and the cross-variable of the action, and various natural factors in the geographical environment will affect the formation of the residential buildings.
  • the architectural form of the dwellings will change due to geographical and climatic conditions. .
  • First, the relationship between residential architecture and nature occurs on the surface of the earth.
  • the principle of simplification can be used to abstractly extract and count the logical relationship between residential buildings and geography and nature from intricate natural phenomena.
  • Second, the application of geometric grading methods can be applied spatially.
  • the combing patterns subdivided into horizontal and vertical are statistically summarized to reflect the natural relationship between residential architecture and geography.
  • the horizontal consideration emphasizes the horizontal connection.
  • the layer method of parallel earth surface is used to examine the characteristics of residential buildings with different coordinates. Statistical analysis compares them due to different spatial positions. The similarities and differences are generated to generate residential zonings of different types and scales.
  • the stratification method is used to statistically analyze the multi-geographical influence factors of residential buildings at the same coordinate position, and the decomposition of geographical natural elements at different levels is comprehensive. The construction of a statistical evaluation system for the impact of the formation of residential buildings.
  • the invention combines the principles of geography to analyze and clarify the spatial characteristics and laws of the traditional residential building forms, and rationally analyze the direct quantitative relationship between the largest artificial objects on the earth and the earth and nature established by the residential buildings, and statistically reveal the relationship between the residential buildings and the geography.
  • the close relationship interprets the logical relationship between the traditional Chinese residential architecture and spatial distribution, respecting and protecting nature.
  • residential buildings bring convenience to people's work and life, as well as their unique spatial and morphological characteristics.
  • the residential building form is the basic material and means to form the residential building space, and it is the physical and psychological environment of human and natural environment. The transition, through the use of this means and methods, can balance the relationship between man and nature.
  • the form is used to define the changes and functions of the residential building space. It is a measure of whether the residential buildings adapt to nature and the environment.
  • the standards and characteristics of residential buildings through morphological adjustment to maximize the relationship between people and geography and nature, the purpose is to enable people to live comfortably and comfortably.
  • the overall space system is constructed according to the type of data information, and the relationship between the residential building and the geospatial space is sorted by the level of the space and the level of the inclusion, and the points of the point line and the multi-layer body are The large level, the point line surface is a horizontal and one-dimensional plane level, and the multi-layer body is a three-dimensional vertical three-dimensional level; the point line surface has different geometric levels and inclusion levels, and the space corresponds to the residential building and related The plot of the joint plot; the progressive relationship between the individual building of the residential building to the small area of the residential building or the type of residential building type.
  • the collection of residential buildings is a village. Although the village has a planar feature of point collection, the residential buildings of the same village can be considered to be of the same type and can be classified into point data; the line can be defined as the boundary between the plane and the plane. , indicating the intersection line and division size of different residential building type divisions. Determining this boundary line requires certain principle methods and evaluation and certification; the surface is horizontal
  • a collection of multi-point data can be considered as a collection of residential buildings of the same or similar type.
  • a certain number of points can be aggregated, and points with similar or identical morphological features in the point data can be easily summarized into certain morphological features.
  • the type of residential building this type can be identified as a specific type of area, with a clear intersection line with the adjacent area, its area can be large or small, with spatial zoning characteristics; spatial vertical characteristics of multi-layered body:
  • the layer body consists of a plurality of map layers of the same size and vertically corresponding to the surface layer of the earth.
  • the data of the residential building layer and the corresponding natural environment layer are vertically formed, and further Evaluate the degree of correlation between two or more layers; the surface data can be further divided into the meridional and latitudinal directions to further evaluate the meridional and zonal interactions of the geography in the formation of residential structures.
  • the surface zoning here is attributed to natural climate and society.
  • the two major types of economy with a single map layered to the overall space of the multi-faceted zoning, indicating the shape of the residential building Or layers of relationship with nature and the social economy.
  • the core of geography is the spatial location.
  • the location is unique and exclusive in space. It emphasizes the concept of spatial individual location of the residential building, which not only makes the residential building form form form a clear and unique correspondence with the geographical space where it is located, so that a single individual
  • the residential buildings to the vast geographical space have been directly linked to form a complete network system, and it has also facilitated the comparative analysis of the residential buildings in different regions to form a quantitative relationship.
  • Residential buildings can be regarded as small spaces, belonging to geographically large spaces.
  • Geospatial space is the only bearing place for residential buildings. It is a unique form of residential buildings in specific locations. It cannot make the type of residential buildings in this place replace the type of residential buildings.
  • the geographic location acquisition module includes a surveying component, and the surveying component maps the topographic map.
  • the surveying component and the GPS system together calculate the spatial position distribution of the residential building. Due to the vast geographical area and the complex geographical and natural factors, especially the residential buildings and villages are point data distribution, in order to make the data more optimized and standardized, reduce the data memory and apply the geographic grid method.
  • the hierarchical geographical grid method is applied to reasonably calculate the spatial distribution characteristics of the residential buildings, and the spatial characteristics of the residential buildings are summarized by two indicators of uniformity and density, thereby clearly illustrating and constraining
  • the distribution of residential building types in space that is, the discrete state of data; uniformity is the degree of dispersion of individual residential building types in a specific spatial area; density is the number of individual types of residential buildings within a certain spatial area, indicating residential buildings or villages
  • the degree of distribution of point data; the application of different grid sizes, that is, according to the density of the point data of the actual space residential buildings or villages, the grid level of different resolutions can be selected to make the actual space residential buildings or villages
  • the statistical summarization of the distribution of data is more reasonable and effective, that is, the point distribution with small density or sparseness indicates that the number of data of residential buildings or villages in the spatial area is small, the grid spacing of the grid is large, and the distribution of dense grids is small.
  • the geographic grid method is applied to calculate the uniformity and density of the distribution of the residential buildings, and on the other hand, the distributed point-like village or residential building data forms a clear skeleton structure system with the grid to which it belongs, and the grid is smaller.
  • Constraint space and residential building type uniformity indicates the degree of dispersion of individual building type in a specific spatial area; density is the number of units of the same type of residential building within a certain area, indicating the distribution of point data in residential buildings or villages.
  • density is the number of units of the same type of residential building within a certain area, indicating the distribution of point data in residential buildings or villages.
  • the degree of density indicates that there is not enough number of residential buildings or village data support in the space area, the spacing of the grid can be large, and the distribution is dense.
  • the data grading system can optimize the data structure of geographical residential buildings, embody clear data levels, reduce storage, and improve work efficiency.
  • the individual residential buildings are decomposed and detailed, and the individual residential buildings can be regarded as a point when statistically in a large geographic space, and the residential building form is a tangible space enclosure, and the space enclosure is determined by
  • the method of building residential buildings, the building materials of residential buildings, the processing technology of components and the aesthetic taste of human beings, especially the direct contact with the natural environment of the outside world and the effects and influences, in order to meet the needs of human comfort, can be enclosed by design means. Spatial form for reasonable statistical adjustment and combination,
  • the application decomposition method abstracts and summarizes several basic residential building morphological elements.
  • the wall, the roof and the ground are used as the basic bulk elements of the enclosure, and in each body block, it can also be separated: The size and thickness of the body scale, the integrity of the block, the hole rate, the spatial topological performance between the blocks, the material and uniformity of the block, and the composition of the block.
  • the connection operation adopts digital and coding technology, and regards the individual form of the residential building as spatial geometric information, and uses the spatial layered processing method to make the geometrical information of the natural weather, the terrain, the river, the plant, the soil information and the residential building.
  • Correlation comparative analysis of different layers; comparative analysis of the application of geographic information systems (GIS) and similar technologies to build a statistical research platform, statistical analysis using digital methods, penetration from the overall framework system to all the detailed component processing
  • GIS geographic information systems
  • the data format of the residential buildings is selected according to the characteristics of the depiction performance, and the data format of the vector and the grid is selected to depict the residential building form.
  • the vector data can be used. Otherwise, vector type data is used.
  • the attribute data table is used to summarize the inductive records, describe the individual attribute characteristics of the residential buildings; the geographic grid application coding method, and the text can add text, pictures, tables, plug-ins, and data remote sensing images describing the quality and quantity characteristics of the geographic entities. .
  • the topological properties of individual forms of geographical natural and residential buildings apply two-dimensional attribute data tables for spatial and attribute records, and summarize statistics.
  • Two-dimensional attribute tables consist of rows and/or records and columns/or fields, each row representing different geography.
  • the residential building or residential building referred to in the present invention refers specifically to the architectural form formed for the living and working of the general public family, and is different from the architectural type for the purpose of special purposes such as sacrificing, religion and maintaining the interests of the rule. , Temple of Heaven, etc., although these building types will be combined with the local climate and natural characteristics, so that its appearance is related to the local natural and social characteristics, but due to its special visual aesthetic needs, the form will be more exaggerated and Attracting the eye, the degree of integration is quite limited.
  • the invention discloses a simple and operable statistical system and statistical method for geographically influencing the shape of residential buildings, assisting people in statistics and editing scattered traditional residential building information, so that more people can easily recognize and join the protection of tens of thousands. Counting the ranks of traditional residential buildings.
  • the statistical system and statistical method for the geographically affected residential building form according to the present invention are simple and practical, easy to operate and popularize, and are beneficial to the collection and management of residential building information, and are beneficial to the inheritance of the residential building culture and the efficient management of the statistical management work.
  • the present invention has various embodiments, and all technical solutions formed by equivalent transformation or equivalent transformation are within the scope of the present invention.

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Abstract

本发明公开一种地理影响民居建筑形态的统计***及统计方法，所述统计***包括信息择取单元，所述择取单元包括民居建筑形态信息择取模块、民居建筑空间位置采集模块、民居建筑环境提取模块、存储模块；所述存储模块用来储存所述民居建筑形态信息、地形和民居建筑空间位置分布信息、民居建筑环境资源的信息；数据处理单元，所述数据处理单元统计民居建筑形态的构成特点、地形和民居建筑空间位置分布特点、民居建筑环境资源特点，统计分析出民居建筑形态特点与地形和民居建筑空间分布、民居建筑环境的关系。本发明统计民居建筑与地理条件间的本质关系和规律，通过揭示民居建筑形态的调整作用来最大限度地展现人与地理自然的协调关系。

Description

一种地理影响民居建筑形态的统计***及统计方法 技术领域
本发明涉及民居建筑领域，尤其涉及一种地理影响民居建筑形态的统计***及统计方法。
背景技术
居住是人类最基本的生活需求，而由居住引发的民居建筑活动则是人类适应改造自然、依靠自然最基本的物质劳动之一，其目的无非是为了取得一种人工环境，这种环境与室外的自然环境不同，它能遮风避雨、调节小气候，以供人们安全舒适地从事各种活动。无论是世界或中国范围，民居建筑不仅数量多而分散，生成因素复杂，特别是它因地而异的特性使世界各地的民居建筑形态丰富多彩，这些形态的发生不是偶然的，可以认为与当地的自然人文条件有关，这是一种普适真理。
与其它科技的发展进步一样，民居建筑发展是人类漫长历史的认识和积累，过程明确，用宏观的地理视点去考察时，不难发现民居建筑虽处不同地域，但在空间分布上存在着有矩可循的联系与差异。尽管不同民居建筑个体的形态因使用功能、环境条件等有不少差异，但因地理的联系使民居建筑形象的差异表现为丰富的形态形象，这样的差异特征还可通过量化梳理统计使其规律特点得到进一步归纳。
尽管民居建筑服从自然气候规律并使不同地区的民居建筑形态各不相同的特点，不论是理论研究，还是包括风水在内的民间说法上早有叙述，以地域为话题的统计归纳也不少，但应用地理的原则方法，并直接进行***的规律梳理和统计归纳的应用至今不多或未见。地域是个强调个性的位置概念，阐述位置无疑强调了地理原则，然而现在的统计一般多针对特定地域的民居建筑或某类环境条件下的民居建筑，视野相对较窄，缺少空间上对民居建筑的存在理由及规律作深入地归纳与统计整理，缺乏大尺度的民居建筑发生机制及空间演变规律的观察和整合研究。
人口快速增加和城市扩张带来了巨大的冲击，使大量传统的民居建筑被快速地推倒，传统民居建筑作为人类文明进化的标志和产物，对其优秀的作品人类有责任让其世代传承，可惜这样的巨大冲击到来之前，我们并未有效地应对准备，特别是理性有效地对祖宗留下的民居建筑的形成发展规律和特点的归纳统计，有些遗憾。
这里的民居建筑或传统民居建筑主要指某一历史阶段形成的居住类建筑，称民居建筑或传统民居建筑，在中国，主要针对解放前的民居建筑，相对而言那个时期的民居建筑形态受现代主义，即国际样式的大量建造思潮的影响小，特别是社会性的人员移动小，以及相互间的信息摄取量小，因而影响民居建筑形态的因素少。传统的民居建筑是人类最早和最普通的居住生存手段，非常大量，建造过程与材料特性以及运用方法相连，因而朴实自然，民居建筑的形态生成服从地理及自然的发展特点及规律，技术进步促进了民居建筑的不断发展。
本发明以现存和已消失的一些传统民居建筑为对象，通过梳理传统民居建筑形态生成的内在要求和相关的自然地理现象，统计分析民居建筑与地理条件间的本质关系和规律。其主要意义是：统计探讨千百年来传统民居建筑适合不同的地理和自然环境所发展的规律以及作用机理，通过数据的构建统计，实现传统民居建筑研究和应用上的大数据的互联互通，为民居建筑相关学科的发展提供数据和理论支撑，让更多的人方便地认识并加入保护数以万计传统民居建筑的行列。
发明内容
本发明目的是：解决现有技术中的问题，拟从地理学视角出发，通过与传统民居建筑形态发展相关的自然地理现象和特点的观察梳理、分析抽象民居建筑与不同地理条件的密切关系，评价统计民居建筑形态在适应自然及环境、协调人与地理自然关系的作用，使人能够安心舒适地生活工作。
本发明的技术方案是：
一种地理影响民居建筑形态的统计***，其特征在于：包括
信息择取单元，所述信息择取单元包括用来选择提取民居建筑形态信息的民居建筑形态信息择取模块、用来定位民居建筑空间位置以及分布信息的民居建筑空间位置采集模块、用来提取民居建筑环境资源的民居建筑环境提取模块、存储模块；所述存储模块用来储存所述民居建筑形态信息、地形和民居建筑空间位置分布信息、民居建筑环境资源的信息；
数据处理单元，所述数据处理单元通过栅格数据和/或矢量数据的基本空间信息统计民居建筑形态的构成特点、地形和民居建筑空间的位置分布特点、民居建筑环境资源特点，统计分析出民居建筑形态特点与地形和民居建筑空间分布、民居建筑环境资源的关系。
优选的，所述民居建筑形态信息择取模块包括用来测绘民居建筑形态信息的测绘组件、用来拍摄民居建筑形态信息的拍摄组件、查询已知民居建筑形态信息的查询组件，所述测绘组件、拍摄组件、查询组件分别和所述存储模块电连接。
优选的，所述民居建筑环境资源采集模块包括勘测民居建筑环境的勘测组件，所述勘测组件包括气象勘测结构、地质构造勘测结构、地貌勘测结构、土壤材质资源勘测结构、植被资源勘测结构和水体资源勘测结构，所述气象勘测结构、地质构造勘测结构、地貌勘测结构、土壤材质资源勘测结构、植被资源勘测结构和水体资源勘测结构与所述存储模块电连接。
优选的，还包括自然要素统计单元、空间要素统计单元，所述自然要素统计单元和所述空间要素统计单元一起根据民居建筑随时间轴的动态变化统计自然要素对民居建筑空间形态的影响。
一种地理影响民居建筑形态的统计方法，其特征在于：包括以下步骤：
(1)通过民居建筑形态信息采集模块采集民居建筑形态信息；
(2)通过栅格和矢量的数据信息统计民居建筑形态的空间构成特点；
(3)通过地理位置采集模块采集民居建筑形态的空间位置分布信息；
(4)通过测量或/选用现有资料，统计总结地理影响民居建筑形态统计方法的各种理论和方法、提取可用的数据信息；
(5)应用几何分级方法，划分空间成水平和垂直的两种统计模式，整理归纳民居建筑形态生成与地理自然之间的关系。
优选的，所述步骤(2)中统计民居建筑形态时依据数据信息类型构架整体空间***，以空间的级别和包含层次梳理民居建筑形态与地理空间的关系，分点线面和多层体的两大层次，点线面作为水平向的一、二维的平面层次，多层体是叠加垂直向的三维立体层次；点线面有不同的几何等级和包含层次，空间上分别对应民居建筑形态与相关联的地块；民居建筑个体至村落至民居建筑小区域或民居建筑类型区划的递进关系，相对于广袤的地球表面，尺度上民居建筑个体可视为离散的几何点状，多个传统民居建筑个体的集合即为村落，尽管村落具有点集合的面状特征，但同一村落的民居建筑类型可认为属同类，可归类于点数据；线可定义为面状与面状的交界，表示不同民居建筑形态类型区划的交线和区划大小，确定这一界线需要一定的原则方法并经评价认证；面是水平向的众多点数据的集合，可认为同一或相似类型的民居建筑形态的集聚， 一定数量的点集聚可以成为面，而点数据中形态特征相近或相同的点集合在一起时，容易概括成有一定形态特点的民居建筑类型，这种类型可认定为一个区域的特定类型，与邻近区域间有可分辨的明确交线，面积可大可小，具有空间可区划的特性；空间多层体的垂直特性：多层体由大小相同，上下与地球表层垂直对应的多个图层面组成，通过与不同自然属性区划特征的图层的叠加比较，在垂直向形成民居建筑形态层与对应自然环境资源层的数据关联，统计评价两层或多层间的相关程度；面状数据，可分成经向和纬向进一步统计比较民居建筑形态形成中地理的经向和纬向的作用关系。
优选的，所述地理位置采集模块包括测绘组件，所述测绘组件测绘地形图，所述测绘组件和GPS***一起统计民居建筑的空间位置分布；连接运算采用数字和编码技术，将民居建筑个体形态视作空间几何信息，运用空间分层的处理方法，将地理自然的气象、地形、河流、植物、土壤信息和民居建筑形态的几何信息作关联，进行不同层的统计分析；统计分析应用地理信息***(GIS)和相类似的技术，以构建统计研究平台，统计分析运用数字方法，渗透到从整体的框架***到所有的细部构件处理环节，考虑数据格式和相互的转化方式，民居建筑的数据格式根据描绘表现的特点不同选用矢量和栅格的数据格式，描绘表现民居建筑形态，其形态具有均质连续特点时，可用栅格型数据，反之则用矢量型数据。
优选的，所述步骤(3)中，应用分级的地理格网方法合理地统计民居建筑形态的空间分布特性，统计民居建筑形态的空间特性用均匀度和密度的两个指标予以概括,以此清晰地说明并约束民居建筑形态类型在空间的分布，即数据的离散状况；均匀度是特定空间区域内民居建筑类型个体的分散程度；密度则是一定空间区域范围内不同类型民居建筑的个体数量，说明民居建筑或村落点状数据的分布疏密程度；应用不同格网大小，即根据实际空间民居建筑或村落的点状数据的疏密度不同，选择不同分辨率的格网级别，可使实际空间民居建筑或村落点状数据分布的统计归纳更合理有效，即密度小或疏的点状分布说明空间区域中不同民居建筑或村落类型的数据数量少，格网的格子间距选用大的，而分布密的则选择格子间距小的；一定的空间区域内可存在不同级别即分辨率的格网，通过格网的分辨率，即格子间距的尺度调整，可搭建空间不同级别的数据分级体系，并有效地统计归纳空间中不同的民居建筑类型或村落类型的点数据。
优选的，步骤(1)中，对民居建筑个体进行分解及细部处理，个体民居建筑在地理大空间中统计时可认为是一个点，民居建筑的形态是有形的空间围合，空间围合的程度取决于民居建筑的营造方法、民居建筑材料、构件加工工艺和人类审美趣味的多种要素，特别是直接受外界的自然环境接触与影响，通过设计手段可对空间围合的形态状况作合理地统计、调整与组合；民居建筑的围合空间形态应用分解方法抽象概括统计成几种基本的民居建筑形态要素，当形体是矩形时，将墙体、屋顶、地面作为围合的基本体块要素，并在各体块中，还可分出：形体尺度的大小、厚度、体块的完整性即洞口率，体块间的空间拓扑性能，体块组成的材质和均匀性，体块的构成方法。
优选的，地理自然和民居建筑个体形态的数据属性，可应用二维的属性数据表进行空间和属性的记录、概括统计，二维属性表由行/或记录和列/或字段组成，每行填入表示不同地理位置的民居建筑个体/或构件细部/或点线面状/或体状的形态图形的名称和属性，配以标识符识别，列段则填入表示各行形态图形的参数特性；地理格网应用分层分级的编码方法，以区分空间不同的格网位置和大小、相邻关系，图层中可加入文本、图片、表格或插件，配合描述民居建筑和地理实体的形态和参数特征；应用时间要素动态地描述、记录不同个体和区域范围的民居建筑形态，统计比较它们的属性参数特征。
本发明的优点：
1、本发明所述的一种地理影响民居建筑形态的统计***及统计方法，通过地理及自然影响民居建筑的相互关***计，评价民居建筑通过形态变化在平衡调整人与自然中的关系作用，理性方便地探寻民居建筑适应自然的特点和规律。形态是衡量评价民居建筑适应自然及环境的标识，民居建筑通过形态的不同变化调整可最大限度地协调人与地理及自然的关系，目的是使人能够安心舒适地生活工作。
2、本发明所述的一种地理影响民居建筑形态的统计***及统计方法简单实用，易于对民居建筑发展规律的本质探索和方法推广，有利于民居建筑信息的采集和管理，有利民居建筑文化的传承和统计管理工作的高效进行。
附图说明
下面结合附图及实施例对本发明作进一步描述：
图1为本发明所述的地理影响民居建筑形态的统计***中，自然、人文和地理的调节对民居建筑形态生成的作用的示意图。
图2为本发明所述的地理影响民居建筑形态的统计***，分成水平和垂直作用两种模式的空间统计示意图。
图3为本发明所述的地理影响民居建筑形态的统计***中，点线面体的几何等级以及在空间的不同作用示意图。
图4为本发明所述的地理影响民居建筑形态的统计***的不同民居建筑形态形成的水平横向区划示意图。
图5为本发明所述的地理影响民居建筑形态的统计***的民居建筑类型在地理空间的不同分布特点的示意图。
图6为本发明所述的地理影响民居建筑形态的统计***的民居建筑个体的简化与组件的分解示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图及优选实施方式对本发明技术方案进行详细说明。
如图1至图6所示，本发明公开一种地理影响民居建筑形态的统计***，包括信息采集信息择取单元，所述采集信息择取单元包括用来采集择取民居建筑形态信息的民居建筑形态信息采集信息择取模块、用来定位民居建筑空间位置以及分布信息的民居建筑空间位置采集模块、用来提取民居建筑环境资源的民居建筑环境提取模块、存储模块；所述存储模块用来储存所述民居建筑形态信息、地形和民居建筑空间位置分布信息、民居建筑环境资源的信息；数据处理单元，所述数据处理单元通过栅格数据和/或矢量数据的基本空间信息统计民居建筑形态的构成特点、地形和民居建筑空间位置分布特点、民居建筑环境资源特点，统计分析出民居建筑形态特点与地形和民居建筑空间分布、民居建筑环境的关系。
优选的，所述民居建筑形态信息择取模块包括用来测绘民居建筑形态信息的测绘组件、用来拍摄民居建筑形态信息的拍摄组件、查询已知民居建筑形态信息的查询组件，所述测绘组件、拍摄组件、查询组件分别和所述存储模块电连接。
优选的，所述民居建筑环境资源采集模块包括勘测民居建筑环境的勘测组件，所述勘测组件包括气象勘测结构、地质构造勘测结构、地貌勘测结构、土壤材质资源勘测结构、植被资源勘测结构和水体资源勘测结构，所述气象勘测结构、地质构造勘测结构、地貌勘测结构、土壤材质资源勘测结构、植被资源勘测结构和水体资源勘测结构与所述存储模块电连接。
优选的，所述地理影响民居建筑形态的统计***还包括自然要素统计单元、空间要素统计单元，所述自然要素统计单元和所述空间要素统计单元一起根据民居建筑随时间轴的动态变化统计自然要素对民居建筑空间形态的影响。
一种地理影响民居建筑形态的统计方法，其特征在于：包括以下步骤：(1)通过民居建筑形态信息采集模块采集民居建筑形态信息；(2)通过栅格和矢量的数据信息统计民居建筑形态的空间构成特点；(3)通过地理位置采集模块采集民居建筑的空间位置分布信息；(4)通过测量或/选用现有资料，统计总结地理影响民居建筑统计方法的各种理论和方法、提取可用的数据信息；(5)应用几何分级方法，划分空间成水平和垂直的两种统计模式，整理归纳民居建筑生成形态与地理自然之间的关系。
民居建筑形态的形成原因，民居建筑是空间，民居建筑的形态是空间形态，其形态形成除受人文条件影响外，还与当地的气候、地形地貌、河流等诸多地理现象直接关联，这样的关联不应是模糊的，应是明确可量化的，是作用与被作用的交叉变量关系，地理环境中的各种自然因素，均会影响民居建筑的形态生成，民居建筑形态因地理气候条件而变。一是民居建筑与自然的关系，均发生在地球表面，应用简化原则可从错综复杂的自然现象中抽象提取并统计民居建筑形态和地理及自然的逻辑关系；二是应用几何分级方法，空间上可细分成水平和垂直的梳理模式统计归纳思考民居建筑与地理的自然关系,水平考虑强调横向联系，用平行地球表面的图层方法考察不同坐标的民居建筑特点，统计分析比较它们因空间位置不同产生的异同，生成水平向不同类型和尺度的民居建筑区划；垂直则用分层方法，对同一坐标位置民居建筑的多元地理影响因素作统计分析，通过不同层次的地理自然要素的分解交叉，全面地构筑对民居建筑形态生成的影响统计评价***。
本发明结合地理学原则分析和明确传统民居建筑形态存在的空间特性与规律，理性解析民居建筑这一地球上最大的人工物与地球及自然建立的直接量化联系，统计揭示民居建筑与地理之间的密切关系，解读中国传统民居建筑形态与空间分布间的逻辑关系，尊重和保护自然。民居建筑作为一种空间，为人的工作和生活带来利用便利外，还有其独特的空间形态特征，民居建筑形态是形成民居建筑空间的基本物质和手段，是人与自然环境的物理和心理过渡，通过这一手段和方法的运用可以平衡调整人与自然的关系，这里利用形态来定义概括民居建筑空间的变化与作用，它是衡量评价民居建筑是否适应自然及环境 的标准和特征，民居建筑通过形态调整来最大限度地协调人与地理及自然的关系，目的是使人能够安心舒适地生活工作。
优选的，所述步骤(2)中统计民居建筑形态时依据数据信息类型构架整体空间***，以空间的级别和包含层次梳理民居建筑与地理空间的关系，分点线面和多层体的两大层次，点线面作为水平向的一、二维的平面层次，多层体是三维的垂直向的立体层次；点线面有不同的几何等级和包含层次，空间上分别对应民居建筑与相关联的地块；民居建筑个体至村落至民居建筑小区域或民居建筑类型区划的递进关系，相对于广袤的地球表面，尺度上民居建筑单体可视为离散的几何点状，多个传统民居建筑单体的集合即为村落，尽管村落具有点集合的面状特征，但同一村落的民居建筑类型可认为属同类，可归类于点数据；线可定义为面状与面状的交界，表示不同民居建筑类型区划的交线和区划大小，确定这一界线需要一定的原则方法并经评价认证；面是水平向的众多点数据的集合，可认为同一或相似类型的民居建筑集聚，一定数量的点集聚可以成为面，而点数据中形态特征相近或相同的点集合在一起时，容易概括成有一定形态特点的民居建筑类型，这种类型可认定为一个区域的特定类型，与邻近区域间有可分辨的明确交线，其面积可大可小，具有空间的区划特性；多层体的空间垂直特性：多层体由大小相同，上下与地球表层垂直对应的多个图层面组成，通过与不同自然属性区划特征的图层的叠加比较，在垂直向形成民居建筑层与对应自然环境层的数据关联，进而评价两层或多层间的相关程度；面状数据，可分成经向和纬向进一步比较评价民居建筑形态形成中地理的经向和纬向作用关系，这里的面区划归结为自然气候和社会经济的两大类型，以单图层面状区划到多层面状区划的空间整体，表示民居建筑形态与自然或和社会经济的层层关系。
地理的核心是空间位置，位置在空间上是唯一的和排他的，强调确立民居建筑的空间个***置概念，不仅使民居建筑形态与其所在的地理大空间形成明确唯一的对应关系，使单一的个体民居建筑到广袤的地理空间建立起直接关联，形成完整的网络***，还使不同区域间的民居建筑形态的相互比较分析变得容易，形成量化关系。民居建筑可视作小空间，从属于地理大空间，地理空间是民居建筑的唯一承载地，是特定位置的民居建筑的特有形式显现，不能使此地的民居建筑类型替代彼地的类型。
优选的，所述地理位置采集模块包括测绘组件，所述测绘组件测绘地形图， 所述测绘组件和GPS***一起统计民居建筑的空间位置分布。由于地域广袤和地理及自然因素复杂，特别是民居建筑和村落均为点状数据分布，为使数据得到更大的优化规范，减少数据内存而应用地理格网方法。所述步骤(3)中，应用分级的地理格网方法合理地统计民居建筑的空间分布特性，统计民居建筑的空间特性用均匀度和密度的两个指标予以概括,以此清晰地说明并约束民居建筑类型在空间的分布，即数据的离散状况；均匀度是特定空间区域内民居建筑类型个体的分散程度；密度则是一定空间区域范围内同一类型民居建筑个体的数量，说明民居建筑或村落点状数据的分布疏密程度；应用不同格网大小，即根据实际空间民居建筑或村落的点状数据的疏密度不同，选择不同分辨率的格网级别，可使实际空间民居建筑或村落点状数据分布的统计归纳更合理有效，即密度小或疏的点状分布说明空间区域中民居建筑或村落的数据数量少，格网的格子间距选用大的，而分布密的则选择格子间距小的，一定的空间区域内可存在不同级别即分辨率的格网，通过格网的分辨率，即格子间距的尺度调整，搭建空间不同级别的数据分级体系，有效地统计归纳空间中的民居建筑或村落点数据。所述步骤(3)中，应用地理格网方法统计民居建筑分布均匀度和密度，一方面使分布的点状村落或民居建筑数据，与其所属的格子形成清晰的骨架结构体系，格网越小说明分辨率高；另一方面由于实际地理空间中的点即民居建筑或村落分布的不均匀性，会影响民居建筑类型与地理空间位置的对应精度，使用均匀度和密度的两个指标,来约束空间与民居建筑类型，均匀度说明在特定空间区域内民居建筑类型个体的分散程度；密度则是一定区域范围内同一类型民居建筑单位面积的数量，说明民居建筑或村落点状数据的分布疏密程度；应用不同疏密的格网分级方法，即密度小或疏的点状分布说明空间区域中没有足够数量的民居建筑或村落数据支撑，格子的间距可选用大的，而分布密的则用格子间距小的，通过格网的分辨率，即格子间距的尺度调整，搭建不同的数据分级体系，能优化地理性民居建筑的数据结构，体现清晰的数据层次，减少存储，提高工作效率。
优选的，步骤(1)中，对民居建筑个体进行分解及细部处理，个体民居建筑在地理大空间中统计时可认为是一个点，民居建筑形态是有形的空间围合，空间围合决定于民居建筑的营造方法、民居建筑材料、构件加工工艺和人类的审美趣味，特别是直接与外界的自然环境接触并受作用和影响，为满足人的舒适性需求，可通过设计手段对围合的空间形态作合理地统计调整与组合， 应用分解方法抽象概括统计成几种基本的民居建筑形态要素，当形体是矩形时，将墙体、屋顶、地面作为围合的基本体块要素，并在各体块中，还可分出：形体尺度的大小、厚度、体块的完整性即洞口率，体块间的空间拓扑性能，体块组成的材质和均匀性，体块的构成方法。
优选的，连接运算采用数字和编码技术，将民居建筑个体形态视作空间几何信息，运用空间分层处理方法，将地理自然的气象、地形、河流、植物、土壤信息和民居建筑的几何信息作关联，进行不同层的比较分析；比较分析应用地理信息***(GIS)和相类似的技术，以构建统计研究平台，统计分析运用数字方法，渗透到从整体的框架***到所有的细部构件处理环节，考虑数据格式和相互的转化方式，民居建筑的数据格式根据描绘表现的特点不同选用矢量和栅格的数据格式，描绘表现民居建筑形态，其形态具有均质连续特点时，可用矢量型数据，反之则用矢量型数据。
优选的，用属性数据表进行概括归纳记录、描述民居建筑个体属性特性；地理格网应用编码方法，图层中能加入文本、图片、表格、插件，描述地理实体质量和数量特征的数据遥感影像。描述地理自然和民居建筑个体形态的拓扑属性，应用二维的属性数据表进行空间和属性的记录、概括统计，二维属性表由行/或记录和列/或字段组成，每行表示不同地理位置的民居建筑个体/或构件细部/或点线面状/或体状的形态图形的名称和属性，配以标识符识别，列段则表示各行形态图形的数量特性；地理格网应用分层分级的编码方法，以区分空间不同的格网位置和大小，图层中能加入文本、图片、表格或插件，完整地描述地理实体的质量和数量特征；应用时间要素动态地描述、记录不同个体和区域范围的民居建筑形态，统计比较它们的属性特征。
本发明所说的民居建筑或民居建筑特指为一般民众家庭的生活工作居住而形成的建筑业态，区别于为特种目的，如祭祀、宗教和维护统治利益为目的的建筑类型，典型的有故宫、天坛等，尽管这些建筑类型营造时也会结合当地的气候及自然特点，使其外观形态与当地的自然及社会特征产生联系，但由于其特殊的视觉审美需求而会使形态更为夸张和吸引眼球，其结合的程度相当有限。
所谓某一历史阶段的居住类传统民居建筑，在中国，此处主要针对解放以前的民居建筑，其特点是人的移动范围小、基本处于固着状态，相互间的信息摄取量小，而以后的民居建筑类型易受现代主义，即大量建造的国际样式思潮 影响，易使民居建筑外观样式趋于相同类似。
传统的民居建筑是人类居住的最初雏形，如不考虑人文影响，在当时材料和技术水平低下和有限的条件下，具有大量性和易建性的特点，特别是材料取自当地的自然资源，建造方式结合当地的，与地域的自然关系最密切，其形态生成服从自然及自然的分布规律理论,其理论可概括:水平、垂直，经向、纬向，分布，时间要素，有显现的规律，技术进步的促进作用，本案主要统计构建自然地理对民居建筑的发展作用。
本发明公开一种简便可操作的为地理影响民居建筑形态的统计***及统计方法，协助人们统计和编辑各地分散的传统民居建筑信息，让更多的人方便地认知并加入保护数以万计传统民居建筑的行列。本发明所述的一种地理影响民居建筑形态的统计***及统计方法简单实用，易于操作并推广，有利于民居建筑信息的采集和管理，利于民居建筑文化的传承和统计管理工作的高效进行。
本发明尚有多种实施方式，凡采用等同变换或者等效变换而形成的所有技术方案，均落在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种地理影响民居建筑形态的统计***，其特征在于：包括
    信息择取单元，所述信息择取单元包括用来选择提取民居建筑形态信息的民居建筑形态信息择取模块、用来定位民居建筑空间位置以及分布信息的民居建筑空间位置采集模块、用来提取民居建筑环境资源的民居建筑环境提取模块、存储模块；所述存储模块用来储存所述民居建筑形态信息、地形和民居建筑空间位置分布信息、民居建筑环境资源的信息；
    数据处理单元，所述数据处理单元通过栅格数据和/或矢量数据的基本空间信息统计民居建筑形态的构成特点、地形和民居建筑空间的位置分布特点、民居建筑环境资源特点，统计分析出民居建筑形态特点与地形和民居建筑空间分布、民居建筑环境资源的关系。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的地理影响民居建筑形态的统计***，其特征在于：所述民居建筑形态信息择取模块包括用来测绘民居建筑形态信息的测绘组件、用来拍摄民居建筑形态信息的拍摄组件、查询已知民居建筑形态信息的查询组件，所述测绘组件、拍摄组件、查询组件分别和所述存储模块电连接。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的地理影响民居建筑形态的统计***，其特征在于：所述民居建筑环境资源采集模块包括勘测民居建筑环境的勘测组件，所述勘测组件包括气象勘测结构、地质构造勘测结构、地貌勘测结构、土壤材质资源勘测结构、植被资源勘测结构和水体资源勘测结构，所述气象勘测结构、地质构造勘测结构、地貌勘测结构、土壤材质资源勘测结构、植被资源勘测结构和水体资源勘测结构与所述存储模块电连接。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的地理影响民居建筑形态的统计***，其特征在于：还包括自然要素统计单元、空间要素统计单元，所述自然要素统计单元和所述空间要素统计单元一起根据民居建筑随时间轴的动态变化统计自然要素对民居建筑空间形态的影响。
  5. 一种地理影响民居建筑形态的统计方法，其特征在于：包括以下步骤：
    (1)通过民居建筑形态信息采集模块采集民居建筑形态信息；
    (2)通过栅格和矢量的数据信息统计民居建筑形态的空间构成特点；
    (3)通过地理位置采集模块采集民居建筑形态的空间位置分布信息；
    (4)通过测量或/选用现有资料，统计总结地理影响民居建筑形态统计方法的各种理论和方法、提取可用的数据信息；
    (5)应用几何分级方法，划分空间成水平和垂直的两种统计模式，整理归 纳民居建筑形态生成与地理自然之间的关系。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的地理影响民居建筑形态的统计方法，其特征在于：所述步骤(2)中统计民居建筑形态时依据数据信息类型构架整体空间***，以空间的级别和包含层次梳理民居建筑形态与地理空间的关系，分点线面和多层体的两大层次，点线面作为水平向的一、二维的平面层次，多层体是叠加垂直向的三维立体层次；点线面有不同的几何等级和包含层次，空间上分别对应民居建筑形态与相关联的地块；民居建筑个体至村落至民居建筑小区域或民居建筑类型区划的递进关系，相对于广袤的地球表面，尺度上民居建筑个体可视为离散的几何点状，多个传统民居建筑个体的集合即为村落，尽管村落具有点集合的面状特征，但同一村落的民居建筑类型可认为属同类，可归类于点数据；线可定义为面状与面状的交界，表示不同民居建筑形态类型区划的交线和区划大小，确定这一界线需要一定的原则方法并经评价认证；面是水平向的众多点数据的集合，可认为同一或相似类型的民居建筑形态的集聚，一定数量的点集聚可以成为面，而点数据中形态特征相近或相同的点集合在一起时，容易概括成有一定形态特点的民居建筑类型，这种类型可认定为一个区域的特定类型，与邻近区域间有可分辨的明确交线，面积可大可小，具有空间可区划的特性；空间多层体的垂直特性：多层体由大小相同，上下与地球表层垂直对应的多个图层面组成，通过与不同自然属性区划特征的图层的叠加比较，在垂直向形成民居建筑形态层与对应自然环境资源层的数据关联，统计评价两层或多层间的相关程度；面状数据，可分成经向和纬向进一步统计比较民居建筑形态形成中地理的经向和纬向的作用关系。
  7. 根据权利要求5所述的地理影响民居建筑形态的统计方法，其特征在于：所述地理位置采集模块包括测绘组件，所述测绘组件测绘地形图，所述测绘组件和GPS***一起统计民居建筑的空间位置分布；连接运算采用数字和编码技术，将民居建筑个体形态视作空间几何信息，运用空间分层的处理方法，将地理自然的气象、地形、河流、植物、土壤信息和民居建筑形态的几何信息作关联，进行不同层的统计分析；统计分析应用地理信息***(GIS)和相类似的技术，以构建统计研究平台，统计分析运用数字方法，渗透到从整体的框架***到所有的细部构件处理环节，考虑数据格式和相互的转化方式，民居建筑的数据格式根据描绘表现的特点不同选用矢量和栅格的数据格式，描绘表现民居建筑形态，其形态具有均质连续特点时，可用栅格型数据，反之则用矢量型数据。
  8. 根据权利要求5所述的地理影响民居建筑形态的统计方法，其特征在于： 所述步骤(3)中，应用分级的地理格网方法合理地统计民居建筑形态的空间分布特性，统计民居建筑形态的空间特性用均匀度和密度的两个指标予以概括,以此清晰地说明并约束民居建筑形态类型在空间的分布，即数据的离散状况；均匀度是特定空间区域内民居建筑类型个体的分散程度；密度则是一定空间区域范围内不同类型民居建筑的个体数量，说明民居建筑或村落点状数据的分布疏密程度；应用不同格网大小，即根据实际空间民居建筑或村落的点状数据的疏密度不同，选择不同分辨率的格网级别，可使实际空间民居建筑或村落点状数据分布的统计归纳更合理有效，即密度小或疏的点状分布说明空间区域中不同民居建筑或村落类型的数据数量少，格网的格子间距选用大的，而分布密的则选择格子间距小的；一定的空间区域内可存在不同级别即分辨率的格网，通过格网的分辨率，即格子间距的尺度调整，可搭建空间不同级别的数据分级体系，并有效地统计归纳空间中不同的民居建筑类型或村落类型的点数据。
  9. 根据权利要求5所述的地理影响民居建筑形态的统计方法，其特征在于：步骤(1)中，对民居建筑个体进行分解及细部处理，个体民居建筑在地理大空间中统计时可认为是一个点，民居建筑的形态是有形的空间围合，空间围合的程度取决于民居建筑的营造方法、民居建筑材料、构件加工工艺和人类审美趣味的多种要素，特别是直接受外界的自然环境接触与影响，通过设计手段可对空间围合的形态状况作合理地统计、调整与组合；民居建筑的围合空间形态应用分解方法抽象概括统计成几种基本的民居建筑形态要素，当形体是矩形时，将墙体、屋顶、地面作为围合的基本体块要素，并在各体块中，还可分出：形体尺度的大小、厚度、体块的完整性即洞口率，体块间的空间拓扑性能，体块组成的材质和均匀性，体块的构成方法。
  10. 根据权利要求5所述的地理影响民居建筑形态的统计方法，其特征在于：地理自然和民居建筑个体形态的数据属性，可应用二维的属性数据表进行空间和属性的记录、概括统计，二维属性表由行/或记录和列/或字段组成，每行填入表示不同地理位置的民居建筑个体/或构件细部/或点线面状/或体状的形态图形的名称和属性，配以标识符识别，列段则填入表示各行形态图形的参数特性；地理格网应用分层分级的编码方法，以区分空间不同的格网位置和大小、相邻关系，图层中可加入文本、图片、表格或插件，配合描述民居建筑和地理实体的形态和参数特征；应用时间要素动态地描述、记录不同个体和区域范围的民居建筑形态，统计比较它们的属性参数特征。
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