WO2018190217A1 - Fixture, implant - Google Patents

Fixture, implant Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018190217A1
WO2018190217A1 PCT/JP2018/014384 JP2018014384W WO2018190217A1 WO 2018190217 A1 WO2018190217 A1 WO 2018190217A1 JP 2018014384 W JP2018014384 W JP 2018014384W WO 2018190217 A1 WO2018190217 A1 WO 2018190217A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fixture
fixture according
internal space
cylinder
bone
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP2018/014384
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French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
石渡暉夫
Original Assignee
株式会社ナントー
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Publication date
Application filed by 株式会社ナントー filed Critical 株式会社ナントー
Publication of WO2018190217A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018190217A1/en

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
    • A61C8/00—Means to be fixed to the jaw-bone for consolidating natural teeth or for fixing dental prostheses thereon; Dental implants; Implanting tools

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a fixture and an implant.
  • the present invention relates to a dental implant or the like embedded in a jaw bone.
  • Implants that are implanted in the body are drawing attention.
  • a dental implant is inserted into a hole provided in an alveolar bone and fixed when the root of a permanent tooth is lost due to decay or damage.
  • This dental implant is composed of a fixture (artificial tooth root) fixed to the alveolar bone and an abutment (abutment) connected to the fixture.
  • An implant crown (artificial dental crown) is attached to the abutment.
  • Dental implants (fixtures, abutments) are made of ceramics such as alumina and zirconia, in addition to metals such as titanium and titanium alloys.
  • the outer surface of the fixture is a surface that directly touches the bone, and a male screw is generally formed. It has been clarified that there is a difference in the bond between the fixture and the bone depending on the properties of the outer surface of the implant. It has been reported that a fixture having a roughened outer surface can obtain higher bone bonding (bone adhesion) than a fixture having a smooth outer surface.
  • the bone bonding period of the fixture is being shortened by a method of roughening the outer surface of the fixture to increase the surface area.
  • the bone bonding period of the fixture is said to be about 12 weeks for the upper jaw and about 8 weeks for the lower jaw. If an excessive force is applied to the fixture during this period, the surrounding bones and mucous membrane tissues may be damaged, the connection may be delayed, or the connection may be difficult. For this reason, shortening of the bone bonding period of the fixture is required.
  • the fixture In order to shorten the fixture bone bonding period, in the conventional method, it is necessary to further increase the area of the outer surface that directly touches the bone.
  • the fixture is also required to be smaller and smaller.
  • the maxilla (alveolar process) has a very small thickness, and thus the fixture is required to be reduced in size and diameter. For this reason, it is difficult to further enlarge the surface (area) that directly touches the bone only by the conventional method.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a fixture and an implant capable of reliably expanding a surface in contact with bone (tissue forming a bone) and obtaining a high bone bond in a shorter period of time than before.
  • the first embodiment of the fixture according to the present invention is a fixture embedded in a bone, characterized in that it has an internal space extending in the direction of implantation and infiltrating blood.
  • the second embodiment of the fixture according to the present invention is characterized in that, in the first embodiment, the internal space opens at a root end.
  • the third embodiment of the fixture according to the present invention is characterized in that, in the first or second embodiment, the internal space is formed in a gap of 10 ⁇ m or more and 500 ⁇ m or less.
  • the fourth embodiment of the fixture according to the present invention is characterized in that, in any of the first to third embodiments, the internal space has a length of 1/3 or more of the total length.
  • the fifth embodiment of the fixture according to the present invention is characterized in that, in any of the first to fourth embodiments, the internal space is evenly arranged around a central axis.
  • the sixth embodiment of the fixture according to the present invention is characterized in that, in any of the first to fourth embodiments, the internal space is formed in an annular shape concentrically arranged with respect to the central axis.
  • the internal space is formed in a central hole that is opened at the distal end surface and into which the connecting member is inserted.
  • the center hole is disposed on a distal end side, and the first hole portion in which the connecting member is in close contact with the first hole portion. And a second hole that forms the internal space with a connecting member.
  • a ninth embodiment of the fixture according to the present invention is the lid according to any one of the first to eighth embodiments, which is in close contact with the cylindrical body and a root end of the cylindrical body and is disposed inside the cylindrical body.
  • the tenth embodiment of the fixture according to the present invention is characterized in that, in any one of the first to ninth embodiments, the lid body has a longitudinal groove that forms the internal space.
  • the eleventh embodiment of the fixture according to the present invention is characterized in that, in the tenth embodiment, the longitudinal grooves are evenly arranged around the central axis.
  • a twelfth embodiment of the fixture according to the present invention is the fixture according to any of the ninth to eleventh embodiments, wherein the cylindrical body includes an outer cylinder and an inner cylinder disposed inside the outer cylinder. And the internal space is formed between the outer cylinder and the inner cylinder.
  • the thirteenth embodiment of the fixture according to the present invention is characterized in that, in the twelfth embodiment, the inner cylinder is formed by facing a pair of semi-cylindrical members.
  • the fourteenth embodiment of the fixture according to the present invention is characterized in that it is made of ceramics in any one of the first to thirteenth embodiments.
  • the fifteenth embodiment of the fixture according to the present invention is characterized in that, in the fourteenth embodiment, zirconia is included.
  • the sixteenth embodiment of the fixture according to the present invention is characterized in that, in any of the first to fifteenth embodiments, the inner surface forming the internal space is a rough surface.
  • the seventeenth embodiment of the fixture according to the present invention is characterized in that in any one of the first to sixteenth embodiments, the outer surface is a rough surface.
  • the eighteenth embodiment of the fixture according to the present invention is characterized in that, in the sixteenth or seventeenth embodiment, the rough surface has a large number of fingertip-shaped villi formed by laser non-thermal processing. To do.
  • the rough surface has a plurality of first grooves having a width of 1 ⁇ m or more and 50 ⁇ m or less.
  • the twentieth embodiment of the fixture according to the present invention is characterized in that, in the nineteenth embodiment, the first groove has a depth of 1 ⁇ m or more and 20 ⁇ m or less.
  • the rough surface has a plurality of second grooves having a width of 10 ⁇ m or more and 500 ⁇ m or less.
  • the twenty-second embodiment of the fixture according to the present invention is characterized in that, in the twenty-first embodiment, the second groove has a depth of 5 ⁇ m or more and 500 ⁇ m or less.
  • the twenty-third embodiment of the fixture according to the present invention is characterized in that, in any one of the first to twenty-second embodiments, the fixture is a cylinder type that does not have an embedding thread on the outer surface.
  • connection member is a cover member used when implanted in bone, and the cover member includes bone and It consists of the material which does not couple
  • the first embodiment of the implant according to the present invention is characterized by including the fixture according to any one of the first to twenty-fourth embodiments and an abutment connected to the fixture.
  • the second embodiment of the implant according to the present invention is characterized in that, in the first embodiment, the abutment is made of ceramics.
  • the third embodiment of the implant according to the present invention is characterized in that, in the second embodiment, zirconia is included.
  • the fourth embodiment of the implant according to the present invention is characterized in that in any one of the first to third embodiments, the outer surface is a rough surface.
  • a fifth embodiment of the implant according to the present invention is characterized in that, in the fourth embodiment, the rough surface has a large number of fingertip-shaped villi formed by laser non-thermal processing.
  • the fixture and the implant of the present invention have an internal space into which blood infiltrates, the surface (area) in contact with the bone and the tissue forming the bone is surely expanded. Therefore, the fixture and implant of the present invention can obtain a high bone bond in a shorter period of time than before.
  • FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a dental implant 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention. It is the perspective exploded view which looked at the fixture 10 concerning the embodiment of the present invention from the lower part. It is the perspective exploded view which looked at the fixture 10 concerning the embodiment of the present invention from the upper part. It is a figure which shows the fixture 10, (a) Front view, (b) Bottom view, (c) It is sectional drawing. It is a figure which shows the fixture 10, (a) Va-Va sectional drawing, (b) Vb-Vb sectional drawing, (c) Vc-Vc sectional drawing. It is a figure which shows the outer cylinder 15, (a) Top view, (b) VIb-VIb sectional drawing.
  • FIG. 5 is a longitudinal sectional view showing the fixture 10 to which the mount member 80 is connected.
  • FIG. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows the fixture 10 which connected the cover member 90.
  • FIG. It is the photograph which image
  • FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a dental implant 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the dental implant 1 includes a fixture 10 that is fixed to the alveolar bone H, and an abutment 40 that is coupled to the fixture 10.
  • the abutment 40 is fitted with an implant crown 6.
  • the root end side of the implant crown 6 is covered with the gum S.
  • the longitudinal direction (direction along the central axis C) of the dental implant 1 is referred to as the Z direction, the embedding direction, or the longitudinal direction.
  • the implant crown 6 side is referred to as the ⁇ Z direction or the distal end side.
  • the end in the ⁇ Z direction is referred to as the tip (first end).
  • the fixture 10 side is referred to as the + Z direction or the root end side.
  • the end in the + Z direction is referred to as the root end (second end).
  • a view from the -Z direction is referred to as a top view, and a view from the + Z direction is referred to as a bottom view.
  • a direction perpendicular to the Z direction is referred to as a horizontal or radial direction.
  • the direction around the central axis C is referred to as the circumferential direction.
  • FIGS. 5A and 5B are views showing the fixture 10, and are (a) Va-Va cross-sectional view, (b) Vb-Vb cross-sectional view, and (c) Vc-Vc cross-sectional view.
  • 6A and 6B are diagrams showing the outer cylinder 15, (a) a top view and (b) a VIb-VIb cross-sectional view.
  • FIGS. 8A and 8B are diagrams showing the lid 31, which are (a) a front view, (b) a bottom view, (c) a VIIIc-VIIIc sectional view, and (d) a VIIId-VIIId sectional view.
  • the fixture 10 is a cylindrical member having a non-penetrating center hole 11 and has an outer diameter of about 3.8 mm and a total length of about 10 mm. Since the fixture 10 does not have an embedding thread on the outer peripheral surface 10c, it is called a so-called cylinder type.
  • a central hole 11 is opened in the distal end surface 10 a of the fixture 10 and is dug along the central axis C.
  • a female screw 33 is provided on the bottom surface of the center hole 11.
  • the fixture 10 includes a cylindrical body 13 and a lid body 31.
  • the cylindrical body 13 is a cylindrical member that forms most of the outer peripheral surface 10c of the fixture 10, and is formed of a ceramic material such as zirconia.
  • the cylinder 13 has a circular through hole 14.
  • the cylinder 13 has an outer diameter of about 3.8 mm, an inner diameter of about 2.2 mm, and an overall length of about 9.0 mm.
  • a lid 31 is disposed (inserted) at the root end of the through hole 14. Thereby, the root end side of the through hole 14 is filled, and the tip end side becomes the center hole 11.
  • the front end surface 32 a of the lid 31 becomes the bottom surface of the center hole 11.
  • the cylinder 13 has a double cylinder structure and includes an outer cylinder 15 and an inner cylinder 21.
  • An inner cylinder 21 is disposed inside the outer cylinder 15.
  • the outer cylinder 15 is a cylindrical member, and has an outer diameter of about 3.8 mm, an inner diameter of about 3.0 mm, and an overall length of about 7.5 mm. No embedding thread is provided on the outer peripheral surface 15 c of the outer cylinder 15.
  • the outer peripheral surface 15c and the inner peripheral surface 15d of the outer cylinder 15 are not provided with protrusions or grooves.
  • the inner cylinder 21 is a cylindrical member having an annular flange 22 at the tip, and has an inner diameter of about 2.2 mm and an overall length of about 9.0 mm.
  • the flange 22 has an outer diameter of about 3.8 mm, and the portion excluding the flange 22 (main body portion 23) has an outer diameter of about 2.8 mm.
  • the outer peripheral surface 22c of the flange 22 is integrated with the outer peripheral surface 15c of the outer cylinder 15 to become the outer peripheral surface 10c.
  • the front end surface 21a of the flange 22 becomes the front end surface 10a.
  • the root end surface 21 b of the main body 23 is integrated with the root end surface 15 b of the outer cylinder 15 to become the root end surface 10 b.
  • the through hole 14 (inner peripheral surface 21 d) of the inner cylinder 21 includes a tapered hole portion 24 and a straight hole portion 25.
  • the tapered hole portion (first hole portion) 24 is disposed on the distal end side and gradually decreases in diameter from the opening toward the root end side.
  • the taper hole 24 has a taper angle of about 6 ° and a length (depth) of about 1.68 mm.
  • the straight hole portion (second hole portion) 25 is disposed on the root end side with respect to the tapered hole portion 24 and is formed with a uniform diameter.
  • the straight hole 25 has an inner diameter of about 2.2 mm and a length (depth) of about 7.32 mm.
  • the enlarged diameter portion 26 has a strip shape extending in the vertical direction with an outer diameter of about 3.0 mm.
  • the four enlarged diameter portions 26 are equally arranged in the circumferential direction of the inner cylinder 21.
  • Four square groove portions 27 are provided at the root end of the inner peripheral surface 21d (straight hole portion 25).
  • the square groove portion 27 is dug into a rectangular shape in the lateral direction.
  • the four rectangular groove portions 27 are equally arranged in the circumferential direction of the inner cylinder 21.
  • the enlarged diameter portion 26 and the square groove portion 27 are disposed at the same location in the circumferential direction of the inner cylinder 21.
  • the inner cylinder 21 is formed by facing a pair of semi-cylindrical members 21L and 21R. That is, the semi-cylindrical members 21L and 21R have a shape (a ridge shape) obtained by dividing the inner cylinder 21 into two in the vertical direction. The reason why the inner cylinder 21 can be divided into two in the vertical direction is to facilitate the roughening treatment on the inner peripheral surface 21d of the inner cylinder 21 (half-cylinder members 21L, 21R).
  • the internal space P ⁇ b> 1 is a cylindrical (annular) space on the tip side, and the tip side is concentrically arranged with respect to the central axis C.
  • the inner space P ⁇ b> 1 is a space of four semi-cylindrical shapes (a bowl shape) on the root end side, and is equally arranged in the circumferential direction.
  • the internal space P1 has a length of about 7.5 mm in the vertical direction and a gap (radial distance) of about 100 ⁇ m. The gap is preferably 10 ⁇ m or more and 500 ⁇ m or less.
  • the lid 31 is a member attached to the root end face of the cylinder 13 and is formed of a ceramic material such as zirconia.
  • the lid 31 is a bowl-shaped member with four claws radially attached, and has a shaft portion 32 and four claw portions 34.
  • the shaft portion 32 is a cylindrical portion and is fitted into the through hole 14 (the inner peripheral surface 21 d of the inner tube 21) of the tube body 13.
  • the shaft portion 32 has an outer diameter of about 2.2 mm and a total length of about 4.0 mm.
  • the outer diameter of the shaft portion 32 is the same as the inner diameter of the straight hole portion 25.
  • a female screw 33 is dug into the tip end surface 32a of the shaft portion 32 toward the root end side.
  • the size of the female screw 33 is, for example, M1.6P0.5.
  • the distal end surface 32 a becomes the bottom surface of the center hole 11, and the abutment 40 is screwed into the female screw 33.
  • the claw portion 34 is a triangular portion protruding in the radial direction from the root end of the shaft portion 32, and is in close contact with the root end surface of the cylindrical body 13.
  • the four claw portions 34 are equally arranged in the circumferential direction of the shaft portion 32.
  • a locking projection 35 is provided at the base (tip side) of each claw 34.
  • the locking projection 35 protrudes in a rectangular shape from the shaft portion 32 in the lateral direction.
  • the four locking protrusions 35 are equally arranged in the circumferential direction of the shaft portion 32.
  • the lid 31 is provided with a longitudinal groove 36 extending over the entire length.
  • the vertical groove 36 has a circular cross section and is dug into the shaft portion 32.
  • the four vertical grooves 36 are equally arranged in the circumferential direction of the lid body 31.
  • the vertical groove 36 is disposed between the claw portions 34 (the locking projections 35). In other words, the claw portion 34 and the locking projection 35 are disposed between the longitudinal grooves 36.
  • the distance between the longitudinal grooves 36 arranged to face each other is about 1.9 mm, which is smaller than the inner diameter (about 2.2 mm) of the straight hole portion 25.
  • the shaft portion 32 of the lid 31 is provided with a lateral groove 37 along the circumferential direction.
  • the transverse groove 37 has a circular cross section and is formed into four circular arcs.
  • the four horizontal grooves 37 communicate with the four vertical grooves 36.
  • the shaft portion 32 When the lid 31 is disposed at the root end of the cylindrical body 13, the shaft portion 32 is fitted into the through hole 14.
  • the root end side (lid outer surface 31b) of the lid 31 is exposed to the outside.
  • the front end side of the vertical groove 36 and the horizontal groove 37 (cover inner surface 31 d) are covered with the cylindrical body 13.
  • the shaft portion 32 reaches the approximate center in the longitudinal direction of the cylindrical body 13. Thereby, a non-penetrating center hole 11 is formed in the fixture 10.
  • the locking projection 35 is fitted into the rectangular groove portion 27 of the inner cylinder 21, so that the lid body 31 cannot rotate with respect to the inner cylinder 21.
  • the claw portion 34 abuts on the root end surface of the cylindrical body 13 and covers the enlarged diameter portion 26. And between the nail
  • the longitudinal groove 36 communicates with the center hole 11.
  • the vertical groove 36 communicates with the horizontal groove 37.
  • an internal space P ⁇ b> 2 is formed between the inner cylinder 21 and the lid body 31.
  • the internal space P ⁇ b> 2 opens at four locations at the root end of the cylindrical body 13 and extends to the center hole 11. Between the claw portions 34, the opening P2k of the internal space P2 is exposed.
  • the internal space P2 includes four long bar-shaped spaces and an annular space.
  • the four long bar-shaped spaces are equally arranged in the circumferential direction.
  • the annular space communicates so as to connect the four long bar-shaped spaces.
  • the internal space P2 has a length of about 4.0 mm in the vertical direction and a gap (radial distance) of about 100 ⁇ m.
  • the gap is preferably 10 ⁇ m or more and 500 ⁇ m or less.
  • the abutment 40 is a shaft-shaped member and is formed of a ceramic material such as zirconia.
  • the abutment 40 includes a main body portion 41, a shaft portion 42, and a male screw 45.
  • the shaft portion 42 is fitted into the center hole 11 of the fixture 10, and the main body portion 41 is exposed from the fixture 10.
  • the implant crown 6 is attached to the main body portion 41.
  • the main body 41 is formed in a truncated cone shape or the like, and is disposed so as to be exposed from the fixture 10.
  • the implant crown 6 is fixed to the main body 41 using an adhesive, cement, or the like.
  • the shaft portion 42 extends from the main body portion 41 in the + Z direction and is inserted into the center hole 11 of the fixture 10.
  • the shaft portion 42 includes a tapered shaft portion 43, a reduced diameter shaft portion 44, and a male screw 45.
  • the taper shaft portion 43 is a portion extending in the + Z direction from the main body portion 41 and gradually decreases in diameter toward the root end side.
  • the tapered shaft portion 43 has an outer diameter of about 2.3 mm, a taper angle of about 6 °, and a length of about 2.0 mm. That is, it is substantially the same as the tapered hole portion 24.
  • the reduced diameter shaft portion 44 is a portion extending in the + Z direction from the tapered shaft portion 43, and has an outer diameter of about 1.9 mm and a length of about 2.5 mm.
  • the outer diameter of the reduced diameter shaft portion 44 is smaller than the inner diameter (about 2.2 mm) of the straight hole portion 25.
  • the male screw 45 extends in the + Z direction from the reduced diameter shaft portion 44.
  • the size of the male screw 45 is, for example, M1.6P0.5. That is, it is the same size as the female screw 33.
  • the internal space P3 is a cylindrical (annular) space, and is concentrically arranged with respect to the central axis C.
  • the internal space P3 extends from the bottom surface (tip surface 32a) of the center hole 11 to the root end (near the flange 22) of the tapered hole portion 24. In the internal space P3, four vertical grooves 36 communicate.
  • the internal space P3 opens to the root end face of the cylindrical body 13 via the internal space P2.
  • the internal space P3 has a longitudinal length of about 3.0 mm and a gap (radial distance) of about 100 ⁇ m.
  • the gap is preferably 10 ⁇ m or more and 500 ⁇ m or less.
  • FIG. 9 is a longitudinal sectional view showing the fixture 10 to which the mount member 80 is connected.
  • FIG. 10 is a longitudinal sectional view showing the fixture 10 to which the cover member 90 is connected.
  • the fixture 10 includes a mount member 80 and a cover member 90.
  • the mount member 80 and the cover member 90 are members that are temporarily inserted into the center hole 11 instead of the abutment 40.
  • the mount member 80 is used from when the fixture 10 is assembled to when it is inserted into the alveolar bone H.
  • the cover member (connecting member) 90 is used between the time when the fixture 10 is embedded in the alveolar bone H and the time when the abutment 40 is mounted.
  • the mount member 80 and the cover member 90 are both formed of a thermoplastic resin.
  • the mount member 80 and the cover member 90 include shaft portions 82 and 92 having the same shape as the shaft portion 42 of the abutment 40, respectively.
  • the mount member 80 includes a flange 81 and a grip 83 instead of the main body portion 41.
  • the flange 81 is a part that comes into contact with the front end surface 10 a of the fixture 10.
  • the grip 83 is a part that is gripped by a jig (not shown).
  • the shape of the grip 83 is arbitrary.
  • the fixture 10 can be embedded in a hole formed in the alveolar bone H by gripping the grip 83 with a dedicated jig (not shown). Further, a rotational force can be applied to the mount member 80.
  • the cover member 90 includes a flange 91 instead of the main body portion 41.
  • a hexagonal hole 93 is formed in the front end surface 90 a of the cover member 90.
  • the flange 91 is a part that comes into contact with the front end surface 10 a of the fixture 10.
  • a rotational force can be applied to the cover member 90 by inserting a dedicated jig (not shown) into the hexagonal hole 93.
  • the shaft portions 82 and 92 of the mount member 80 and the cover member 90 have the same shape as the shaft portion 42 of the abutment 40. For this reason, the internal space P3 is always formed in the fixture 10. The shape and volume of the internal space P3 are also the same (unchangeable).
  • FIGS. 11 and 12 are photographs obtained by photographing the living tissue adhesion surface 51 with an SEM.
  • A 200 times magnification
  • the rate is 5000 times
  • (e) the enlargement rate is 10,000 times.
  • FIG. 13 is a reference photograph showing microvilli of the small intestine.
  • FIG. 14 is a photograph of the outer surface of a conventional fixture taken with an SEM (magnification factor 2000 times), (a) A company product, (b) B company product, (c) C company product, (d ) D company product.
  • the fixture 10 is formed with a biological tissue adhesion surface 50 (biological tissue adhesion surfaces 51 to 53, 54).
  • the living tissue adhesion surface (rough surface) 50 is a surface for improving the bone bonding of the fixture 10 and is roughened.
  • the biological tissue adhesion surface 50 is formed on the outer surface 10H of the fixture 10.
  • the outer surface 10H of the fixture 10 is an outer peripheral surface 10c, a tip surface 10a, and a root end surface 10b.
  • the outer peripheral surface 10c includes an outer peripheral surface 15c and an outer peripheral surface 22c.
  • the tip surface 10a is composed of a tip surface 21a.
  • the root end surface 10b includes a root end surface 15b, a root end surface 21b, and a lid outer surface 31b. That is, the living tissue contact surface 50 is formed on the outer peripheral surface 15c, the root end surface 15b, the outer peripheral surface 22c, the tip end surface 21a, the root end surface 21b, and the lid outer surface 31b.
  • the living tissue adhesion surface 50 also improves the gum adhesion of the fixture 10. That is, the living tissue adhesion surface 50 improves the adhesion to the living tissue (hard tissue bonding property, soft tissue adhesion) and accelerates the healing of the living tissue.
  • the fixture 10 adheres not only to the alveolar bone H but also to the mucosal tissue (soft tissue) around the alveolar bone H. Specifically, the tip surface 10a (tip surface 21a) is in close contact with the gum S. For this reason, the fixture 10 also has an important adhesion property (affinity) with the soft tissue.
  • affinity adhesion property
  • the living tissue adhesion surface 50 is also formed on the inner surface 10N of the fixture 10.
  • the inner surface 10N of the fixture 10 is an inner surface that forms an internal space P (internal spaces P1, P2, P3). That is, the living tissue adhesion surface 50 is also formed on the inner peripheral surface 21d, the outer peripheral surface 23c, and the lid inner surface 31d.
  • the inner surface 10N (internal space P) of the fixture 10 is not a surface that directly contacts the alveolar bone H.
  • the blood forming the alveolar bone H permeates into the internal space P, and the internal space P gets wet (touches) with the blood. That is, when blood infiltrates into the internal space P, preosteoblast contained in the blood is fixed on the inner surface 10N of the fixture 10. Therefore, the bone bonding of the fixture 10 is improved.
  • a large number of villi 55 having a fingertip shape are formed on the living tissue contact surface 51.
  • the fingertip shape means a shape having a round tip (hemispherical shape) like a fingertip. That is, the villi 55 has a protrusion with a spherical tip.
  • the villi 55 is formed so that the outer diameter (diameter) of the tip is nanometer size (nanometer order, nanometer scale, sometimes called nanometer class). That is, the tip diameter of the villi 55 is 1 nm or more and less than 1000 nm.
  • the tip diameter of the villi 55 is, for example, not less than 50 nm and less than 500 nm. Furthermore, it is 100 nm or more and less than 300 nm, for example.
  • the living tissue adhesion surface 51 has a three-dimensional surface roughness Sa (arithmetic average height: ISO25178) of nanometer size (1 nm or more and less than 1000 nm).
  • the three-dimensional roughness Sa of the living tissue adhesion surface 51 is, for example, not less than 500 nm and not more than 800 nm.
  • the living tissue contact surface 51 has an interface development area ratio Sdr (ISO25178) of 0.1 or more and 2.0 or less.
  • the biological tissue adhesion surface 51 has an interface development area ratio Sdr of, for example, 0.5 or more and 1.0 or less.
  • the villus is a fine projection that protrudes from the surface of an organ and exists in the small intestine and placenta. Villi are also called fur and soft processes. As shown in FIG. 13, in the small intestine, a large number of microvilluss are present on the surface of the villi.
  • the villi and microvilli have a fingertip shape.
  • the tip diameter of the microvilli is less than 1 ⁇ m.
  • the surface area of the villi and microvilli is remarkably increased, and absorption and binding are performed efficiently and effectively.
  • the living tissue adhesion surface 51 has high connectivity and adhesion to living tissue (hard tissue such as bone, soft tissue such as mucosal tissue). That is, the biological tissue adhesion surface 51 has a shape close to an ideal as a surface that adheres to and adheres to the biological tissue.
  • the outer surface of the conventional fixture is also roughened. These outer surfaces are roughened by edging or blasting with hydrochloric acid or the like. A large number of pores are formed on these outer surfaces, and a number of protrusions having a pointed tip shape are formed around the pores.
  • the outer surface of the conventional fixture has a three-dimensional roughness Sa of 2 ⁇ m or more. However, no protrusions having a rounded tip (finger-shaped villi) are found on any of the outer surfaces of the conventional fixture.
  • the large groove (second groove) 70 has a width of 10 ⁇ m or more and 500 ⁇ m or less, and is arranged in parallel.
  • the large groove 70 has a width of, for example, 20 ⁇ m or more and 100 ⁇ m or less. Furthermore, it is 30 micrometers or more and 50 micrometers or less, for example.
  • the large groove 70 has a depth of 5 ⁇ m or more and 500 ⁇ m or less.
  • the large groove 70 has a depth of, for example, 10 ⁇ m or more and 100 ⁇ m or less.
  • FIGS. 15 and 16 are photographs obtained by photographing the living tissue adhesion surface 52 with an SEM.
  • A 200 times magnification
  • the rate is 5000 times
  • (e) the enlargement rate is 10,000 times.
  • a biological tissue adhesion surface 52 may be formed on the fixture 10.
  • a large number of villous bodies 55 having a fingertip shape are formed on the living tissue contact surface 52, as in the living tissue contact surface 51.
  • the three-dimensional roughness Sa of the living tissue contact surface 52 and the developed area ratio Sdr of the interface are the same as those of the living tissue contact surface 51.
  • a plurality of large grooves 70 are arranged on the living tissue contact surface 51 so as to intersect with each other.
  • the intersecting large grooves 70 have an intersecting angle of 60 ° or more, for example, a right angle.
  • FIGS. 17A and 17B are photographs obtained by photographing the living tissue adhesion surface 53 with an SEM, where (a) the magnification is 200 times, (b) the magnification is 500 times, and (c) the magnification is 10000 times.
  • a biological tissue adhesion surface 53 may be formed on the fixture 10.
  • a large number of villous bodies 55 having a fingertip shape are formed on the biological tissue adhesion surface 53, as in the biological tissue adhesion surfaces 51 and 52.
  • the three-dimensional roughness Sa of the living tissue contact surface 53 and the developed area ratio Sdr of the interface are the same as those of the living tissue contact surfaces 51 and 52.
  • a plurality of small grooves 60 and a plurality of large grooves 70 are formed on the living tissue adhesion surface 53.
  • the small groove 60 and the large groove 70 have an intersection angle of 60 ° or more, for example, a right angle.
  • the small grooves (first grooves) 60 have a width of 1 ⁇ m or more and 50 ⁇ m or less, and are arranged in parallel.
  • the small groove 60 has a width of, for example, 1 ⁇ m or more and 20 ⁇ m. Furthermore, for example, it is 5 ⁇ m or more and 10 ⁇ m or less.
  • the small groove 60 has a depth of 1 ⁇ m or more and 20 ⁇ m or less.
  • the small groove 60 has a depth of, for example, 2 ⁇ m or more and 5 ⁇ m or less.
  • FIG. 18 is a photograph of the living tissue adhesion surface 54 taken with an SEM, where (a) the magnification is 500 times and (b) the magnification is 10000 times.
  • a biological tissue adhesion surface 54 may be formed on the fixture 10.
  • a large number of villous bodies 55 having a fingertip shape are formed on the living tissue contact surface 53, similarly to the biological tissue contact surfaces 51 to 53.
  • the three-dimensional roughness Sa of the living tissue contact surface 54 and the developed area ratio Sdr of the interface are the same as those of the living tissue contact surfaces 51 to 53.
  • a plurality of small grooves 60 and a plurality of large grooves 70 are formed on the living tissue adhesion surface 53.
  • a plurality of small grooves 60 arranged in parallel and a large groove 70 arranged in parallel extend and overlap in the same direction. That is, the small groove 60 is disposed on the inner surface of the large groove 70.
  • the small groove 60 and the large groove 70 are parallel, for example.
  • the small groove 60 and the large groove 70 may have an intersection angle of 30 ° or less.
  • the small grooves 60 have a width of 1 ⁇ m or more and 50 ⁇ m or less, and are arranged in parallel.
  • the small groove 60 has a width of, for example, 1 ⁇ m or more and 20 ⁇ m, and further, for example, 5 ⁇ m or more and 10 ⁇ m or less.
  • the small groove 60 has a depth of 1 ⁇ m or more and 20 ⁇ m or less.
  • the small groove 60 has a depth of, for example, 2 ⁇ m or more and 5 ⁇ m or less.
  • the fixture 10 and the abutment 40 are formed (molded) from biocompatible ceramics mainly composed of zirconia (zirconium oxide).
  • the manufacturing process of the fixture 10 includes a forming process, a sintering process, and a roughening process (formation process of a living tissue adhesion surface). Furthermore, it has a washing process, an assembly process, a gamma ray sterilization process, and a heating process. Since the manufacturing process of the abutment 40 is the same as the manufacturing process of the fixture 10, the description thereof is omitted.
  • the molding step first, pellets containing zirconia powder are injection-molded to obtain a zirconia molded body (ceramic molded body). That is, a molded body of the outer cylinder 15, the inner cylinder 21, and the lid body 31 is obtained.
  • a pre-sintering process and a main sintering process are performed on the zirconia molded body to obtain a zirconia sintered body (ceramic sintered body). That is, the sintered body of the outer cylinder 15, the inner cylinder 21 (half-cylinder members 21L and 21R), and the lid 31 is obtained.
  • the outer surface of the zirconia sintered body is irradiated with laser light to form the living tissue adhesion surface 50.
  • the outer surface of the zirconia sintered body becomes the outer surface 10H and the inner surface 10N of the fixture 10. That is, outer peripheral surface 10c (outer peripheral surface 15c, outer peripheral surface 22c), distal end surface 10a (front end surface 21a), root end surface 10b (root end surface 15b, root end surface 21b, lid outer surface 31b), outer peripheral surface 23c, inner peripheral surface 21d, A living tissue adhesion surface 50 is formed on the lid inner surface 31d.
  • a laser beam of an ultrashort pulse laser is used.
  • Laser light of pico number laser or femtosecond laser can be used.
  • the ultrashort pulse laser is a laser with a very short pulse having a pulse width (time width) of several picoseconds to several femtoseconds.
  • the several picosecond laser is a laser having a pulse width of 1 trillionth of a second.
  • the femtosecond laser is a laser having a pulse width of 1/1000 trillion seconds.
  • Non-thermal processing is processing in which laser light is irradiated under atmospheric pressure (in air containing moisture) to instantaneously melt, evaporate, and scatter. Since the melted portion is instantly evaporated and scattered and removed, there is very little thermal influence (thermal damage) around the processed part.
  • a pulse laser having a large laser beam output peak power or energy density
  • a living tissue adhesion surface 50 having a large number of villi 55 is formed.
  • the size or the like of the villi 55 can be changed by adjusting the output of the laser beam or the like.
  • the small groove 60 and the large groove 70 are dug into the outer surface of the zirconia sintered body by scanning while irradiating the laser beam.
  • the processing width (light diameter) by the laser beam can be changed. That is, the width and depth of the small groove 60 and the large groove 70 can be changed by adjusting the output (processing width) of the laser beam.
  • the width and depth of the small groove 60 and the large groove 70 can be changed according to the number of times of irradiation with respect to the same location, the scanning speed, the laser light output, and the like.
  • the large groove 70 is formed first, and then the small groove 60 is formed.
  • the small grooves 60, the large grooves 70, or the small grooves 60 and the large grooves 70 are arranged in a lattice pattern, two-way scanning is performed to cross (perpendicularly) the laser beams.
  • the scanning crossing angle at this time is the crossing angle between the small grooves 60, the large grooves 70, or the small grooves 60 and the large grooves 70.
  • the outer surface of the zirconia sintered body is shaved with laser light to form the large groove 70 and the small groove 60, a large number of villi 55 are formed on the inner surfaces of the large groove 70 and the small groove 60 at the same time. That is, the living tissue contact surface 50 is formed simultaneously with the large groove 70 and the small groove 60.
  • the output of the laser beam may be varied in the step of forming the tip surface 10a. That is, the surface properties (surface roughness) of the tip surface 10a are varied. This is because the gum S is adhered to the distal end surface 10a.
  • a cleaning process and an assembly process are performed.
  • the semi-cylindrical members 21L and 21R face each other and are brought into close contact with each other to form a cylinder (inner cylinder 21).
  • the outer cylinder 15 is arrange
  • the lid body 31 is attached (inserted) to the root end (through hole 14) of the cylindrical body 13.
  • the mount member 80 is inserted into the center hole 11 and screwed into the lid body 31.
  • the fixture 10 After the fixture 10 is assembled, a ⁇ -ray sterilization process and a heating process are performed. After the ⁇ -ray sterilization process, the outer cylinder 15 and the like are dark brown. For this reason, in the heating step, the outer cylinder 15 and the like are recolored (whitened) by reheating at a temperature of 100 ° C. to 300 ° C.
  • the fixture 10 is manufactured.
  • the present invention is not limited to the case where the roughening step (formation of the living tissue adhesion surface 50) is performed after the fixture 10 is subjected to the main sintering process.
  • the zirconia sintered body may be subjected to a roughening step.
  • the main sintering process is performed thereafter.
  • the zirconia sintered body contracts, and the villi 55, the small groove 60, and the large groove 70 are also reduced.
  • the biological tissue adhesion surface 50 is formed large in anticipation of the shrinkage of the zirconia sintered body.
  • the fixture 10 living tissue adhesion surface 50 having the same shape as that formed after the main sintering process is obtained.
  • the dental implant 1 is attached to the patient according to the following procedure.
  • the fixture 10 is implanted in the patient's alveolar bone H.
  • the mount member 80 is held with a dedicated jig, and the fixture 10 is fitted (inserted) into a hole formed in the alveolar bone H.
  • the mount member 80 is removed, and the cover member 90 is attached to the fixture 10. That is, the cover member 90 is inserted into the center hole 11 and screwed into the lid body 31.
  • the fixture 10 When the fixture 10 is embedded in the alveolar bone H, the fixture 10 comes into close contact with the alveolar bone H and is immersed in the blood accumulated in the hole of the alveolar bone H. This blood adheres to the outer surface 10H of the fixture 10. Furthermore, blood infiltrates the internal space P of the fixture 10 and adheres to the inner surface 10N of the fixture 10.
  • the abutment 40 is inserted into the fixture 10 embedded in the alveolar bone H of the patient. After the gum S is cut open and the cover member 90 is removed from the fixture 10, the abutment 40 is attached to the fixture 10. Since the shaft portion 92 and the shaft portion 42 have the same shape, the internal space P3 is maintained even when the cover member 90 is replaced with the abutment 40.
  • the gums S are sewn together.
  • the implant crown 6 is attached to the abutment 40.
  • An adhesive, cement, or the like is disposed between the main body 41 and the implant crown 6. Thereby, the abutment 40 and the implant crown 6 are firmly connected. Thereafter, the gum S and the abutment 40 are adhered to each other over about two weeks.
  • the fixture 10 includes an internal space P extending in the Z direction (embedding direction).
  • the internal space P is infiltrated with blood containing cells responsible for bone formation. That is, the preosteoblast enters the internal space P. Preosteoblasts settle in the internal space P and differentiate into osteoblasts. Then, osteoids are formed and further calcified to form bones.
  • the fixture 10 has bones formed not only in the outer surface 10H but also in the internal space P and is combined with the alveolar bone H.
  • the inner space P extends in the Z direction, the inner surface can be enlarged. Therefore, the fixture 10 and the dental implant 1 can obtain a high bone bond with the alveolar bone H.
  • the internal space P opens at the root end of the fixture 10. For this reason, when the fixture 10 is embedded in the alveolar bone H, blood tends to infiltrate the internal space P.
  • the internal space P is formed in a gap of 10 ⁇ m or more and 500 ⁇ m or less. Since the osteoblast has a cubic shape of about 20 to 30 ⁇ m, it can enter the internal space P.
  • the internal space P has a length of 1/3 or more of the entire length of the fixture 10.
  • the internal space P has a length that is 2/3 or more of the entire length of the fixture 10. For this reason, the inner surface of the internal space P can be enlarged.
  • the front end side space of the internal space P1 and the annular space of the internal space P2 are equally arranged around the central axis C.
  • the root end side space of the internal space P1, the long bar-shaped space of the internal space P2 (the space formed by the lateral grooves 37), and the internal space P3 are formed in an annular shape concentrically arranged with respect to the central axis C. Therefore, a high bone joint can be obtained in the longitudinal direction and the circumferential direction.
  • the fixture 10 is made of ceramics containing zirconia, it has high biocompatibility and can reduce the burden on the patient.
  • the inner surface 10N that forms the internal space P is a rough surface.
  • the outer surface 10H is a rough surface. For this reason, the bone bonding period can be shortened.
  • the fixture 10 can form an internal space P ⁇ b> 3 by inserting the cover member 90 (abutment 40) into the center hole 11. Since the center hole 11 has the taper hole part 24 and the straight hole part 25, the internal space P3 can be ensured while ensuring the connection force with the abutment 40.
  • the fixture 10 can form the internal space P ⁇ b> 2 by inserting the lid 31 into the cylinder 13. Since the lid body 31 has the longitudinal groove 36, the internal space P2 can be reliably formed. Since the longitudinal grooves 36 are evenly arranged in the circumferential direction, a high bone joint can be obtained in the circumferential direction.
  • the fixture 10 can form an internal space P ⁇ b> 1 by inserting the inner cylinder 21 into the outer cylinder 15. Since the inner cylinder 21 is formed by facing the pair of semi-cylindrical members 21L and 21R, the entire surface is easily roughened.
  • Each member (the outer cylinder 15, the inner cylinder 21, and the lid body 31) constituting the fixture 10 is made of a zirconia molded body obtained by injection molding zirconia powder. Ceramics such as zirconia are polycrystalline, and each crystal is oriented in the flow direction by a shearing force during injection molding. Thereby, a zirconia molded object has the anisotropy of mechanical strength. That is, the outer cylinder 15, the inner cylinder 21, and the lid body 31 have high mechanical strength in the direction of powder flow (machine direction) in the mold, and low mechanical strength in the transverse direction. Since the fixture 10 combines members having mechanical strength anisotropy, the directionality of the mechanical strength is dispersed. That is, the anisotropy of the outer cylinder 15, the inner cylinder 21, and the lid body 31 is cancelled, and isotropic is approached. Therefore, the fixture 10 has higher mechanical strength than the conventional fixture.
  • the outer surface 10H and the inner surface 10N have a large number of fingertip-shaped villi 55 formed by laser non-thermal processing.
  • the fixture 10 has a living tissue adhesion surface 50 on the outer surface 10H and the inner surface 10N. This is because the proliferation of pre-osteoblasts and osteoblasts is promoted to shorten the bone bonding period.
  • the surface (area) that comes into contact with the blood is surely enlarged by the living tissue adhesion surface 50, so that preosteoblasts and osteoblasts can easily enter, and high bone bonding is obtained.
  • the living tissue contact surface 50 has a large number of small grooves 60 and large grooves 70. This is to make it easier to fix (throw) the pre-osteoblasts or osteoblasts to the living tissue adhesion surface 50.
  • a mechanical stimulus is applied to the pre-osteoblasts and osteoblasts, and osteoblasts Differentiation into can be promoted.
  • the living tissue adhesion surface 50 includes a plurality of ups and downs having different scale sizes. That is, it has irregularities of nanometer size (villus 55), single micron size (small groove 60), and larger scale size (large groove 70) than these. Thereby, a mechanical stimulus can be effectively applied to the preosteoblasts. Therefore, the bond between the fixture 10 and the alveolar bone H becomes stronger than the conventional one.
  • the fixture 10 Since the fixture 10 has a high bone bond with the alveolar bone H, the fixture 10 can be a cylinder type that does not have an embedding thread on the outer surface 10H. Since it is not necessary to twist the alveolar bone H into the alveolar bone H, the burden on the patient can be reduced.
  • the cover member 90 is a member used when the fixture 10 is embedded in the alveolar bone H, and is made of a thermoplastic resin that is not bonded to the alveolar bone H. For this reason, no bone is formed on the cover member 90. Further, since the shaft portion 92 and the shaft portion 42 have the same shape, the bone formed in the internal space P3 can be maintained even if the cover member 90 is replaced with the abutment 40.
  • the biological tissue adhesion surface 50 may also be formed on the outer surface of the abutment 40.
  • the outer surface of the abutment 40 is an outer peripheral surface 44c of the reduced diameter shaft portion 44 and an outer peripheral surface of the main body portion 41 (gingival margin 41c).
  • the outer peripheral surface 44c is roughened and combined with the bone formed in the internal space P3.
  • the gingival margin 41c is roughened to enhance the adhesion of the gum S and prevent bacteria from entering.
  • the living tissue contact surface 50 is formed in a region that is in close contact with the living tissue. As long as the region is in close contact with the living tissue, there may be one place or a plurality of places.
  • the area of the roughened region is arbitrary.
  • the biological tissue adhesion surface 50 may be formed on almost the entire outer surface 10H or inner surface 10N.
  • a rough surface such as the living tissue contact surface 50 may be formed on the inner peripheral surface 15 d of the outer cylinder 15. You may roughen over the whole area
  • the region (tip surface 10a) in close contact with the gum S may be roughened over the entire surface.
  • the tip surface 10a (tip surface 21a) may have different surface properties (surface roughness). This is because the gum S is adhered to the distal end surface 10a.
  • the gum margin 41c is formed to have the same surface properties (surface roughness) as the distal end surface 10a in order to adhere the gum S.
  • a rough surface such as the living tissue adhesion surface 50 can be arbitrarily formed on the surfaces (tip surface 15 a and the like) that are in close contact with each other.
  • the cross-sectional shapes of the small groove 60 and the large groove 70 are formed in a semicircular arc shape.
  • the cross-sectional shape may be a triangle (isosceles triangle), a rectangle, or the like.
  • Each of the small groove 60 and the large groove 70 may have a uniform width or a different width in the longitudinal direction.
  • the depth may be uniform over the longitudinal direction or different depths.
  • the plurality of small grooves 60 and large grooves 70 may have a uniform width or different widths.
  • the depth may be uniform or different.
  • the number of the small grooves 60 and the large grooves 70 is arbitrary.
  • the small groove 60 and the large groove 70 are not limited to straight lines but may be curved. It is preferable that the adjacent small grooves 60 and the large grooves 70 are arranged with no gap as much as possible.
  • the extending direction of the small groove 60 and the large groove 70 is an arbitrary angle with respect to the vertical direction of the fixture 10.
  • the living tissue contact surfaces 51 to 54 may be mixed on the outer surface 10H or the inner surface 10N. Any one or more of the living tissue contact surfaces 51 to 54 may be formed.
  • the arrangement of the small groove 60 and the large groove 70 can be arbitrarily set on the living tissue adhesion surface 50.
  • a plurality of large grooves 70 may be arranged in a lattice shape, and a plurality of small grooves 60 may be arranged in a lattice shape (crossing or overlapping).
  • a plurality of large grooves 70 may be arranged in parallel, and a plurality of small grooves 60 may be arranged in a lattice pattern (intersecting or overlapping). Only the plurality of small grooves 60 may be arranged in a lattice shape.
  • the biological tissue adhesion surface 50 By forming the biological tissue adhesion surface 50 on each of the fixture 10 and the abutment 40, the bond of the dental implant 1 to the human body becomes stronger.
  • the biological tissue adhesion surface 50 may be formed only on the fixture 10.
  • the dental implant 1 and the fixture 10 that are embedded and fixed in a hole (perforation) formed in the alveolar bone H have been described, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
  • the implant and fixture of the present invention may be an artificial bone or a bone substitute material. Artificial bones and bone prosthetic materials are used to supplement bone-deleted parts caused by fractures or tumor resections or cartilage removed by lumbar spine surgery.
  • the implant and fixture of the present invention may be a member of an artificial joint, an osteosynthesis material used for fixing a fracture site, a spinal fixation device, or the like.
  • zirconia zirconium oxide
  • a combination of zirconia and carbon, resin, glass, or the like may be used.
  • Zirconia (zirconium oxide) may be contained by 50% or more in the volume ratio of the dental implant 1.
  • zirconia (zirconium oxide) is contained 90% or more in the volume ratio of the implant.
  • alumina aluminum oxide
  • yttrium oxide hafnium oxide
  • silicone oxide magnesium oxide, cerium oxide, or the like
  • the implant and fixture of the present invention may be made of metal or alloy.
  • the metal or alloy is copper, titanium, titanium alloy, or the like.
  • the implant and fixture of the present invention may be made of resin, silicon, composite material, or the like.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
  • Orthopedic Medicine & Surgery (AREA)
  • Dentistry (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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  • Dental Prosthetics (AREA)

Abstract

A fixture (10) is equipped with an internal space (P) extending in a direction embedded in a bone (H) and permeated by blood. A cylindrical body (13) and a lid body (31) disposed inside the cylindrical body (13) are provided, and the internal space (P) is formed between the cylindrical body (13) and the lid body (31). The cylindrical body (13) is provided with an outer cylinder (15) and an inner cylinder (21), and the internal space (P) is formed between the outer cylinder (15) and the inner cylinder (21).

Description

フィクスチャー、インプラントFixture, implant
　本発明は、フィクスチャー、インプラントに関する。例えば、顎の骨に埋め込まれる歯科用インプラント等に関する。 The present invention relates to a fixture and an implant. For example, the present invention relates to a dental implant or the like embedded in a jaw bone.
　体内に埋め込まれるインプラントが注目されている。例えば歯科用インプラントは、虫歯や破損により永久歯の歯根が失われた場合に、歯槽骨に設けた穴に挿入して固定するものである。
　この歯科用インプラントは、歯槽骨に固定されるフィクスチャー（人工歯根）と、フィクスチャーに連結されるアバットメント（支台）とで構成される。アバットメントには、インプラントクラウン（人工歯冠）が装着される。
　歯科用インプラント（フィクスチャー、アバットメント）は、チタンやチタン合金等の金属の他、アルミナやジルコニア等のセラミックスにより形成される。 Implants that are implanted in the body are drawing attention. For example, a dental implant is inserted into a hole provided in an alveolar bone and fixed when the root of a permanent tooth is lost due to decay or damage.
This dental implant is composed of a fixture (artificial tooth root) fixed to the alveolar bone and an abutment (abutment) connected to the fixture. An implant crown (artificial dental crown) is attached to the abutment.
Dental implants (fixtures, abutments) are made of ceramics such as alumina and zirconia, in addition to metals such as titanium and titanium alloys.
　フィクスチャーの外表面は、骨に直接触れる面であり、一般的に雄ネジが形成される。インプラントの外表面の性状によってフィクスチャーと骨の結合に差が生じることが明らかにされている。外表面が滑らかなフィクスチャーよりも、外表面に粗面加工を施したフィクスチャーのほうが、高い骨結合（骨密着性）を得られることが報告されている。 The outer surface of the fixture is a surface that directly touches the bone, and a male screw is generally formed. It has been clarified that there is a difference in the bond between the fixture and the bone depending on the properties of the outer surface of the implant. It has been reported that a fixture having a roughened outer surface can obtain higher bone bonding (bone adhesion) than a fixture having a smooth outer surface.
　フィクスチャーが骨結合（osseointegration）するまでには、数か月の期間を要する。フィクスチャーの外表面を粗面化して表面積を拡大する手法等により、フィクスチャーの骨結合期間は短縮されつつある。フィクスチャーの骨結合期間は、上顎では約１２週程度、下顎では約８週程度と言われている。
　この期間にフィクスチャーに過度な力が加わると、周囲の骨や粘膜組織に損傷を与えたり、結合が遅れたり、結合されづらくなる虞がある。このため、フィクスチャーの骨結合期間の短縮が求められている。 It takes several months for the fixture to become osseointegration. The bone bonding period of the fixture is being shortened by a method of roughening the outer surface of the fixture to increase the surface area. The bone bonding period of the fixture is said to be about 12 weeks for the upper jaw and about 8 weeks for the lower jaw.
If an excessive force is applied to the fixture during this period, the surrounding bones and mucous membrane tissues may be damaged, the connection may be delayed, or the connection may be difficult. For this reason, shortening of the bone bonding period of the fixture is required.
国際公開第０３／０５５４０６号International Publication No. 03/0555406
　フィクスチャーの骨結合期間を短縮するためには、従来の手法では、骨に直接触れる外表面の面積をさらに拡大させる必要がある。
　しかしながら、フィクスチャーには、小形化、小径化も要請されている。特に、上前歯用のインプラントでは、上顎骨（歯槽突起）の厚みが非常に薄いため、フィクスチャーの小形化、小径化が求められている。
　このため、従来の手法のみでは、骨に直接触れる面（面積）をさらに拡大させることは困難である。 In order to shorten the fixture bone bonding period, in the conventional method, it is necessary to further increase the area of the outer surface that directly touches the bone.
However, the fixture is also required to be smaller and smaller. In particular, in an implant for upper anterior teeth, the maxilla (alveolar process) has a very small thickness, and thus the fixture is required to be reduced in size and diameter.
For this reason, it is difficult to further enlarge the surface (area) that directly touches the bone only by the conventional method.
　本発明は、骨（骨を形成する組織）に接触する面を確実に拡大して、従来よりも短期間で高い骨結合を得ることができるフィクスチャー、インプラントを提供することを目的とする。 An object of the present invention is to provide a fixture and an implant capable of reliably expanding a surface in contact with bone (tissue forming a bone) and obtaining a high bone bond in a shorter period of time than before.
　本発明に係るフィクスチャーの第一実施態様は、骨に埋め込まれるフィクスチャーであって、埋め込み方向に延びて、血液が浸潤する内部空間を備えることを特徴とする。 The first embodiment of the fixture according to the present invention is a fixture embedded in a bone, characterized in that it has an internal space extending in the direction of implantation and infiltrating blood.
　本発明に係るフィクスチャーの第二実施態様は、第一実施態様において、前記内部空間は、根端に開口することを特徴とする。 The second embodiment of the fixture according to the present invention is characterized in that, in the first embodiment, the internal space opens at a root end.
　本発明に係るフィクスチャーの第三実施態様は、第一または第二実施態様において、前記内部空間は、１０μｍ以上、５００μｍ以下の隙間に形成されることを特徴とする。 The third embodiment of the fixture according to the present invention is characterized in that, in the first or second embodiment, the internal space is formed in a gap of 10 μm or more and 500 μm or less.
　本発明に係るフィクスチャーの第四実施態様は、第一から第三実施態様のいずれかにおいて、前記内部空間は、全長の１／３以上の長さを有することを特徴とする。 The fourth embodiment of the fixture according to the present invention is characterized in that, in any of the first to third embodiments, the internal space has a length of 1/3 or more of the total length.
　本発明に係るフィクスチャーの第五実施態様は、第一から第四実施態様のいずれかにおいて、前記内部空間は、中心軸周りに均等配置されることを特徴とする。 The fifth embodiment of the fixture according to the present invention is characterized in that, in any of the first to fourth embodiments, the internal space is evenly arranged around a central axis.
　本発明に係るフィクスチャーの第六実施態様は、第一から第四実施態様のいずれかにおいて、前記内部空間は、中心軸に対して同心配置された環状に形成されることを特徴とする。 The sixth embodiment of the fixture according to the present invention is characterized in that, in any of the first to fourth embodiments, the internal space is formed in an annular shape concentrically arranged with respect to the central axis.
　本発明に係るフィクスチャーの第七実施態様は、第一から第六実施態様のいずれかにおいて、先端面に開口して連結部材が挿入される中心穴に、前記内部空間が形成されることを特徴とする。 According to a seventh embodiment of the fixture according to the present invention, in any one of the first to sixth embodiments, the internal space is formed in a central hole that is opened at the distal end surface and into which the connecting member is inserted. Features.
　本発明に係るフィクスチャーの第八実施態様は、第七実施態様において、前記中心穴は、先端側に配置されて前記連結部材が密着する第一穴部と、根端側に配置されて前記連結部材との間に前記内部空間を形成する第二穴部と、を有することを特徴とする。 According to an eighth embodiment of the fixture according to the present invention, in the seventh embodiment, the center hole is disposed on a distal end side, and the first hole portion in which the connecting member is in close contact with the first hole portion. And a second hole that forms the internal space with a connecting member.
　本発明に係るフィクスチャーの第九実施態様は、第一から第八実施態様のいずれかにおいて、筒体と、前記筒体の根端に密着すると共に、前記筒体の内側に配置される蓋体と、を備え、前記筒体と前記蓋体の間に前記内部空間が形成されることを特徴とする。 A ninth embodiment of the fixture according to the present invention is the lid according to any one of the first to eighth embodiments, which is in close contact with the cylindrical body and a root end of the cylindrical body and is disposed inside the cylindrical body. A body, wherein the internal space is formed between the cylinder and the lid.
　本発明に係るフィクスチャーの第十実施態様は、第一から第九実施態様のいずれかにおいて、前記蓋体は、前記内部空間を形成する縦溝を有することを特徴とする。 The tenth embodiment of the fixture according to the present invention is characterized in that, in any one of the first to ninth embodiments, the lid body has a longitudinal groove that forms the internal space.
　本発明に係るフィクスチャーの第十一実施態様は、第十実施態様において、前記縦溝は、中心軸周りに均等配置されることを特徴とする。 The eleventh embodiment of the fixture according to the present invention is characterized in that, in the tenth embodiment, the longitudinal grooves are evenly arranged around the central axis.
　本発明に係るフィクスチャーの第十二実施態様は、第九から第十一実施態様のいずれかにおいて、前記筒体は、外筒と、前記外筒の内側に配置される内筒と、を備え、前記外筒と前記内筒の間に前記内部空間が形成されることを特徴とする。 A twelfth embodiment of the fixture according to the present invention is the fixture according to any of the ninth to eleventh embodiments, wherein the cylindrical body includes an outer cylinder and an inner cylinder disposed inside the outer cylinder. And the internal space is formed between the outer cylinder and the inner cylinder.
　本発明に係るフィクスチャーの第十三実施態様は、第十二実施態様において、前記内筒は、一対の半筒形部材を向い合せてなることを特徴とする。 The thirteenth embodiment of the fixture according to the present invention is characterized in that, in the twelfth embodiment, the inner cylinder is formed by facing a pair of semi-cylindrical members.
　本発明に係るフィクスチャーの第十四実施態様は、第一から第十三実施態様のいずれかにおいて、セラミックスからなることを特徴とする。 The fourteenth embodiment of the fixture according to the present invention is characterized in that it is made of ceramics in any one of the first to thirteenth embodiments.
　本発明に係るフィクスチャーの第十五実施態様は、第十四実施態様において、ジルコニアを含むことを特徴とする。 The fifteenth embodiment of the fixture according to the present invention is characterized in that, in the fourteenth embodiment, zirconia is included.
　本発明に係るフィクスチャーの第十六実施態様は、第一から第十五実施態様のいずれかにおいて、前記内部空間を形成する内表面が粗面であることを特徴とする。 The sixteenth embodiment of the fixture according to the present invention is characterized in that, in any of the first to fifteenth embodiments, the inner surface forming the internal space is a rough surface.
　本発明に係るフィクスチャーの第十七実施態様は、第一から第十六実施態様のいずれかにおいて、外表面が粗面であることを特徴とする。 The seventeenth embodiment of the fixture according to the present invention is characterized in that in any one of the first to sixteenth embodiments, the outer surface is a rough surface.
　本発明に係るフィクスチャーの第十八実施態様は、第十六または第十七実施態様において、前記粗面は、レーザ非熱加工により形成された指頭形状の絨毛体を多数有することを特徴とする。 The eighteenth embodiment of the fixture according to the present invention is characterized in that, in the sixteenth or seventeenth embodiment, the rough surface has a large number of fingertip-shaped villi formed by laser non-thermal processing. To do.
　本発明に係るフィクスチャーの第十九実施態様は、第十六から第十八三実施態様のいずれかにおいて、前記粗面は、幅が１μｍ以上、５０μｍ以下の第一溝を多数有することを特徴とする。 In a nineteenth embodiment of the fixture according to the present invention, in any one of the sixteenth to eighteenth embodiments, the rough surface has a plurality of first grooves having a width of 1 μm or more and 50 μm or less. Features.
　本発明に係るフィクスチャーの第二十実施態様は、第十九実施態様において、前記第一溝は、深さが１μｍ以上、２０μｍ以下であることを特徴とする。 The twentieth embodiment of the fixture according to the present invention is characterized in that, in the nineteenth embodiment, the first groove has a depth of 1 μm or more and 20 μm or less.
　本発明に係るフィクスチャーの第二十一実施態様は、第十六から第二十実施態様のいずれかにおいて、前記粗面は、幅が１０μｍ以上、５００μｍ以下の第二溝を多数有することを特徴とする。 According to a twenty-first embodiment of the fixture according to the present invention, in any one of the sixteenth to twentieth embodiments, the rough surface has a plurality of second grooves having a width of 10 μm or more and 500 μm or less. Features.
　本発明に係るフィクスチャーの第二十二実施態様は、第二十一実施態様において、前記第二溝は、深さが５μｍ以上、５００μｍ以下であることを特徴とする。 The twenty-second embodiment of the fixture according to the present invention is characterized in that, in the twenty-first embodiment, the second groove has a depth of 5 μm or more and 500 μm or less.
　本発明に係るフィクスチャーの第二十三実施態様は、第一から第二十二実施態様のいずれかにおいて、外表面に埋入用スレッドを有しないシリンダ型であることを特徴とする。 The twenty-third embodiment of the fixture according to the present invention is characterized in that, in any one of the first to twenty-second embodiments, the fixture is a cylinder type that does not have an embedding thread on the outer surface.
　本発明に係るフィクスチャーの第二十四実施態様は、第七または第八実施態様において、前記連結部材は、骨に埋入したときに用いられるカバー部材であり、前記カバー部材は、骨と結合しない材料からなることを特徴とする。 According to a twenty-fourth embodiment of the fixture according to the present invention, in the seventh or eighth embodiment, the connection member is a cover member used when implanted in bone, and the cover member includes bone and It consists of the material which does not couple | bond together.
　本発明に係るインプラントの第一実施態様は、第一から第二十四実施態様のいずれかのフィクスチャーと、前記フィクスチャーに連結するアバットメントと、を備えることを特徴とする。 The first embodiment of the implant according to the present invention is characterized by including the fixture according to any one of the first to twenty-fourth embodiments and an abutment connected to the fixture.
　本発明に係るインプラントの第二実施態様は、第一実施態様において、前記アバットメントは、セラミックスからなることを特徴とする。 The second embodiment of the implant according to the present invention is characterized in that, in the first embodiment, the abutment is made of ceramics.
　本発明に係るインプラントの第三実施態様は、第二実施態様において、ジルコニアを含むことを特徴とする。 The third embodiment of the implant according to the present invention is characterized in that, in the second embodiment, zirconia is included.
　本発明に係るインプラントの第四実施態様は、第一から第三実施態様のいずれかにおいて、外表面が粗面であることを特徴とする。 The fourth embodiment of the implant according to the present invention is characterized in that in any one of the first to third embodiments, the outer surface is a rough surface.
　本発明に係るインプラントの第五実施態様は、第四実施態様において、前記粗面は、レーザ非熱加工により形成された指頭形状の絨毛体を多数有することを特徴とする。 A fifth embodiment of the implant according to the present invention is characterized in that, in the fourth embodiment, the rough surface has a large number of fingertip-shaped villi formed by laser non-thermal processing.
　本発明のフィクスチャーおよびインプラントは、血液が浸潤する内部空間を備えるので、骨および骨を形成する組織に接触する面（面積）が確実に拡大する。したがって、本発明のフィクスチャーおよびインプラントは、従来よりも短期間で高い骨結合を得ることができる。 Since the fixture and the implant of the present invention have an internal space into which blood infiltrates, the surface (area) in contact with the bone and the tissue forming the bone is surely expanded. Therefore, the fixture and implant of the present invention can obtain a high bone bond in a shorter period of time than before.
本発明の実施形態に係る歯科用インプラント１を示す縦断面図である。1 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a dental implant 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention. 本発明の実施形態に係るフィクスチャー１０を下方から見た斜視分解図である。It is the perspective exploded view which looked at the fixture 10 concerning the embodiment of the present invention from the lower part. 本発明の実施形態に係るフィクスチャー１０を上方から見た斜視分解図である。It is the perspective exploded view which looked at the fixture 10 concerning the embodiment of the present invention from the upper part. フィクスチャー１０を示す図であり、（ａ）正面図、（ｂ）下面図、（ｃ）断面図である。It is a figure which shows the fixture 10, (a) Front view, (b) Bottom view, (c) It is sectional drawing. フィクスチャー１０を示す図であり、（ａ）Va-Va断面図、（ｂ）Vb-Vb断面図、（ｃ）Vc-Vc断面図である。It is a figure which shows the fixture 10, (a) Va-Va sectional drawing, (b) Vb-Vb sectional drawing, (c) Vc-Vc sectional drawing. 外筒１５を示す図であり、（ａ）上面図、（ｂ）VIb-VIb断面図である。It is a figure which shows the outer cylinder 15, (a) Top view, (b) VIb-VIb sectional drawing. 内筒２１（半筒形部材２１Ｌ）を示す図であり、（ａ）正面図、（ｂ）下面図、（ｃ）側面図である。It is a figure which shows the inner cylinder 21 (half-cylinder-shaped member 21L), (a) Front view, (b) Bottom view, (c) Side view. 蓋体３１を示す図であり、（ａ）正面図、（ｂ）下面図、（ｃ）VIIIc-VIIIc断面図、（ｄ）VIIId-VIIId断面図である。It is a figure which shows the cover body 31, (a) Front view, (b) Bottom view, (c) VIIIc-VIIIc sectional drawing, (d) VIIId-VIIId sectional drawing. マウント部材８０を連結したフィクスチャー１０を示す縦断面図である。5 is a longitudinal sectional view showing the fixture 10 to which the mount member 80 is connected. FIG. カバー部材９０を連結したフィクスチャー１０を示す縦断面図である。It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows the fixture 10 which connected the cover member 90. FIG. 生体組織密着面５１をＳＥＭで撮影した写真であって、（ａ）拡大率２００倍、（ｂ）拡大率５００倍、（ｃ）拡大率２０００倍である。It is the photograph which image | photographed the biological tissue close_contact | adherence surface 51 by SEM, Comprising: (a) 200 times magnification, (b) 500 times magnification, (c) 2000 times magnification. 生体組織密着面５１をＳＥＭで撮影した写真であって、（ｄ）拡大率５０００倍、（ｅ）拡大率１００００倍である。It is the photograph which image | photographed the biological tissue contact | adherence surface 51 by SEM, Comprising: (d) Magnification factor 5000 times, (e) Magnification factor 10000 times. 小腸の微絨毛を示す参考写真である。It is a reference photograph which shows the microvilli of a small intestine. 従来のフィクスチャーの外表面をＳＥＭ（拡大率２０００倍）で撮影した写真であって、（ａ）Ａ社製品、（ｂ）Ｂ社製品、（ｃ）Ｃ社製品、（ｄ）Ｄ社製品である。It is the photograph which image | photographed the outer surface of the conventional fixture by SEM (magnification rate 2000 times), Comprising: (a) A company product, (b) B company product, (c) C company product, (d) D company product It is. 生体組織密着面５２をＳＥＭで撮影した写真であって、（ａ）拡大率２００倍、（ｂ）拡大率５００倍、（ｃ）拡大率２０００倍である。It is the photograph which image | photographed the biological tissue contact | adherence surface 52 by SEM, Comprising: (a) 200 times of magnification, (b) 500 times of magnification, (c) 2000 times of magnification. 生体組織密着面５２をＳＥＭで撮影した写真であって、（ｄ）拡大率５０００倍、（ｅ）拡大率１００００倍である。It is the photograph which image | photographed the biological tissue contact | adherence surface 52 by SEM, Comprising: (d) Magnification factor 5000 times, (e) Magnification factor 10000 times. 生体組織密着面５３をＳＥＭで撮影した写真であって、（ａ）拡大率２００倍、（ｂ）拡大率５００倍（ｃ）拡大率１００００倍である。It is the photograph which image | photographed the biological tissue contact | adherence surface 53 by SEM, Comprising: (a) Magnification factor 200 times, (b) Magnification factor 500 times (c) Magnification factor 10000 times. 生体組織密着面５４をＳＥＭで撮影した写真であって、（ａ）拡大率５００倍、（ｂ）拡大率１００００倍である。It is the photograph which image | photographed the biological tissue contact | adherence surface 54 with SEM, Comprising: (a) Magnification factor 500 times, (b) Magnification factor 10000 times.
　本発明の実施形態につき図面を参照して説明する。下記説明において示す各種寸法等は一例である。 Embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. The various dimensions shown in the following description are examples.
〔歯科用インプラント１〕
　図１は、本発明の実施形態に係る歯科用インプラント１を示す縦断面図である。
　歯科用インプラント１は、歯槽骨Ｈに固定されるフィクスチャー１０と、フィクスチャー１０に連結されるアバットメント４０と、を備える。
　アバットメント４０には、インプラントクラウン６が装着される。インプラントクラウン６よりも根端側は、歯茎Ｓに覆われる。 [Dental implant 1]
FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a dental implant 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
The dental implant 1 includes a fixture 10 that is fixed to the alveolar bone H, and an abutment 40 that is coupled to the fixture 10.
The abutment 40 is fitted with an implant crown 6. The root end side of the implant crown 6 is covered with the gum S.
　歯科用インプラント１の長手方向（中心軸Ｃに沿う方向）をＺ方向、埋め込み方向または縦と言う。
　Ｚ方向のうち、インプラントクラウン６側を－Ｚ方向または先端側と言う。－Ｚ方向の端部を先端（第一端）と言う。Ｚ方向のうち、フィクスチャー１０側を＋Ｚ方向または根端側と言う。＋Ｚ方向の端部を根端（第二端）と言う。
　－Ｚ方向から見たときを上面図、＋Ｚ方向から見たときを下面図と言う。
　Ｚ方向に直行する方向を横または半径方向と言う。中心軸Ｃ周りの方向を周方向と言う。 The longitudinal direction (direction along the central axis C) of the dental implant 1 is referred to as the Z direction, the embedding direction, or the longitudinal direction.
Of the Z direction, the implant crown 6 side is referred to as the −Z direction or the distal end side. The end in the −Z direction is referred to as the tip (first end). Of the Z direction, the fixture 10 side is referred to as the + Z direction or the root end side. The end in the + Z direction is referred to as the root end (second end).
A view from the -Z direction is referred to as a top view, and a view from the + Z direction is referred to as a bottom view.
A direction perpendicular to the Z direction is referred to as a horizontal or radial direction. The direction around the central axis C is referred to as the circumferential direction.
〔フィクスチャー１０〕
　図２と図３は、本発明の実施形態に係るフィクスチャー１０を示す斜視分解図であって、図２は下面図、図３は上面図である。
　図４は、フィクスチャー１０を示す図であり、（ａ）正面図、（ｂ）下面図、（ｃ）IVc-IVc断面図である。
　図５は、フィクスチャー１０を示す図であり、（ａ）Va-Va断面図、（ｂ）Vb-Vb断面図、（ｃ）Vc-Vc断面図である。
　図６は、外筒１５を示す図であり、（ａ）上面図、（ｂ）VIb-VIb断面図である。
　図７は、内筒２１（半筒形部材２１Ｌ）を示す図であり、（ａ）正面図、（ｂ）下面図、（ｃ）側面図である。
　図８は、蓋体３１を示す図であり、（ａ）正面図、（ｂ）下面図、（ｃ）VIIIc-VIIIc断面図、（ｄ）VIIId-VIIId断面図である。 [Fixture 10]
2 and 3 are perspective exploded views showing the fixture 10 according to the embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a bottom view and FIG. 3 is a top view.
4A and 4B are diagrams showing the fixture 10, (a) a front view, (b) a bottom view, and (c) a sectional view taken along IVc-IVc.
FIGS. 5A and 5B are views showing the fixture 10, and are (a) Va-Va cross-sectional view, (b) Vb-Vb cross-sectional view, and (c) Vc-Vc cross-sectional view.
6A and 6B are diagrams showing the outer cylinder 15, (a) a top view and (b) a VIb-VIb cross-sectional view.
FIG. 7 is a view showing the inner cylinder 21 (half-cylinder member 21L), (a) a front view, (b) a bottom view, and (c) a side view.
FIGS. 8A and 8B are diagrams showing the lid 31, which are (a) a front view, (b) a bottom view, (c) a VIIIc-VIIIc sectional view, and (d) a VIIId-VIIId sectional view.
　フィクスチャー１０は、不貫通の中心穴１１を有する円柱形部材であり、外径が約３．８ｍｍ、全長が約１０ｍｍである。フィクスチャー１０は、外周面１０ｃに埋入用スレッドを有しないため、いわゆるシリンダ型と呼ばれる。
　フィクスチャー１０の先端面１０ａには中心穴１１が開口して、中心軸Ｃに沿って掘り込まれる。中心穴１１の底面には、雌ネジ３３が設けられる。 The fixture 10 is a cylindrical member having a non-penetrating center hole 11 and has an outer diameter of about 3.8 mm and a total length of about 10 mm. Since the fixture 10 does not have an embedding thread on the outer peripheral surface 10c, it is called a so-called cylinder type.
A central hole 11 is opened in the distal end surface 10 a of the fixture 10 and is dug along the central axis C. A female screw 33 is provided on the bottom surface of the center hole 11.
　フィクスチャー１０は、筒体１３と蓋体３１を備える。
　筒体１３は、フィクスチャー１０の外周面１０ｃの大部分をなす円筒形部材であり、ジルコニア等のセラミックス材料により形成される。
　筒体１３は、円形の貫通孔１４を有する。筒体１３は、外径が約３．８ｍｍ、内径が約２．２ｍｍ、全長が約９．０ｍｍである。
　貫通孔１４の根端には、蓋体３１が配置（嵌入）される。これにより、貫通孔１４の根端側が埋まり、先端側が中心穴１１になる。蓋体３１の先端面３２ａが中心穴１１の底面になる。 The fixture 10 includes a cylindrical body 13 and a lid body 31.
The cylindrical body 13 is a cylindrical member that forms most of the outer peripheral surface 10c of the fixture 10, and is formed of a ceramic material such as zirconia.
The cylinder 13 has a circular through hole 14. The cylinder 13 has an outer diameter of about 3.8 mm, an inner diameter of about 2.2 mm, and an overall length of about 9.0 mm.
A lid 31 is disposed (inserted) at the root end of the through hole 14. Thereby, the root end side of the through hole 14 is filled, and the tip end side becomes the center hole 11. The front end surface 32 a of the lid 31 becomes the bottom surface of the center hole 11.
　筒体１３は、二重筒構造であり、外筒１５と内筒２１を備える。外筒１５の内側に内筒２１が配置される。
　外筒１５は、円筒形部材であり、外径が約３．８ｍｍ、内径が約３．０ｍｍ、全長が約７．５ｍｍである。
　外筒１５の外周面１５ｃには、埋入用スレッドは設けられない。外筒１５の外周面１５ｃや内周面１５ｄには、突起や溝は設けられない。 The cylinder 13 has a double cylinder structure and includes an outer cylinder 15 and an inner cylinder 21. An inner cylinder 21 is disposed inside the outer cylinder 15.
The outer cylinder 15 is a cylindrical member, and has an outer diameter of about 3.8 mm, an inner diameter of about 3.0 mm, and an overall length of about 7.5 mm.
No embedding thread is provided on the outer peripheral surface 15 c of the outer cylinder 15. The outer peripheral surface 15c and the inner peripheral surface 15d of the outer cylinder 15 are not provided with protrusions or grooves.
　内筒２１は、先端に円環形のフランジ２２を有する円筒形部材であり、内径が約２．２ｍｍ、全長が約９．０ｍｍである。フランジ２２は、外径が約３．８ｍｍ、フランジ２２を除く部位（本体部２３）は、外径が約２．８ｍｍである。
　フランジ２２の外周面２２ｃは、外筒１５の外周面１５ｃと一体となって、外周面１０ｃになる。フランジ２２の先端面２１ａは、先端面１０ａになる。
　本体部２３の根端面２１ｂは、外筒１５の根端面１５ｂと一体となって、根端面１０ｂになる。 The inner cylinder 21 is a cylindrical member having an annular flange 22 at the tip, and has an inner diameter of about 2.2 mm and an overall length of about 9.0 mm. The flange 22 has an outer diameter of about 3.8 mm, and the portion excluding the flange 22 (main body portion 23) has an outer diameter of about 2.8 mm.
The outer peripheral surface 22c of the flange 22 is integrated with the outer peripheral surface 15c of the outer cylinder 15 to become the outer peripheral surface 10c. The front end surface 21a of the flange 22 becomes the front end surface 10a.
The root end surface 21 b of the main body 23 is integrated with the root end surface 15 b of the outer cylinder 15 to become the root end surface 10 b.
　内筒２１の貫通孔１４（内周面２１ｄ）は、テーパー穴部２４とストレート穴部２５からなる。
　テーパー穴部（第一穴部）２４は、先端側に配置されて、開口から根端側に向かって徐々に縮径する。テーパー穴部２４は、テーパー角が約６°、長さ（深さ）が約１．６８ｍｍである。
　ストレート穴部（第二穴部）２５は、テーパー穴部２４よりも根端側に配置されて、均一径に形成される。ストレート穴部２５は、内径が約２．２ｍｍ、長さ（深さ）が約７．３２ｍｍである。 The through hole 14 (inner peripheral surface 21 d) of the inner cylinder 21 includes a tapered hole portion 24 and a straight hole portion 25.
The tapered hole portion (first hole portion) 24 is disposed on the distal end side and gradually decreases in diameter from the opening toward the root end side. The taper hole 24 has a taper angle of about 6 ° and a length (depth) of about 1.68 mm.
The straight hole portion (second hole portion) 25 is disposed on the root end side with respect to the tapered hole portion 24 and is formed with a uniform diameter. The straight hole 25 has an inner diameter of about 2.2 mm and a length (depth) of about 7.32 mm.
　本体部２３の外周面２３ｃの根端には、４つの拡径部２６が設けられる。拡径部２６は、外径が約３．０ｍｍで縦方向に延びる帯状である。４つの拡径部２６は、内筒２１の周方向において均等配置される。
　内周面２１ｄ（ストレート穴部２５）の根端には、４つの角溝部２７が設けられる。角溝部２７は、横方向に向けて矩形状に掘り込まれる。４つの角溝部２７は、内筒２１の周方向において均等配置される。
　拡径部２６と角溝部２７は、内筒２１の周方向の同一箇所に配置される。 Four enlarged-diameter portions 26 are provided at the root end of the outer peripheral surface 23 c of the main body portion 23. The enlarged diameter portion 26 has a strip shape extending in the vertical direction with an outer diameter of about 3.0 mm. The four enlarged diameter portions 26 are equally arranged in the circumferential direction of the inner cylinder 21.
Four square groove portions 27 are provided at the root end of the inner peripheral surface 21d (straight hole portion 25). The square groove portion 27 is dug into a rectangular shape in the lateral direction. The four rectangular groove portions 27 are equally arranged in the circumferential direction of the inner cylinder 21.
The enlarged diameter portion 26 and the square groove portion 27 are disposed at the same location in the circumferential direction of the inner cylinder 21.
　内筒２１は、一対の半筒形部材２１Ｌ，２１Ｒを向い合せたものである。つまり、半筒形部材２１Ｌ，２１Ｒは、内筒２１を縦方向に二分割した形状（樋形状）である。内筒２１を縦方向に二分割できる構造にしたのは、内筒２１（半筒形部材２１Ｌ，２１Ｒ）の内周面２１ｄに粗面化処理を施しやすくするためである。 The inner cylinder 21 is formed by facing a pair of semi-cylindrical members 21L and 21R. That is, the semi-cylindrical members 21L and 21R have a shape (a ridge shape) obtained by dividing the inner cylinder 21 into two in the vertical direction. The reason why the inner cylinder 21 can be divided into two in the vertical direction is to facilitate the roughening treatment on the inner peripheral surface 21d of the inner cylinder 21 (half- cylinder members 21L, 21R).
　外筒１５の内側に内筒２１を配置すると、外筒１５の先端面１５ａが内筒２１のフランジ２２に当接し、外筒１５の内周面１５ｄに内筒２１の４つの拡径部２６が嵌入する。
　これにより、外筒１５と内筒２１の間に円筒形の内部空間Ｐ１が形成される。この内部空間Ｐ１は、筒体１３の根端面（根端面１５ｂ，２１ｂ）の４箇所に開口して、フランジ２２まで延びる。内筒２１の根端において、拡径部２６同士の間（円弧形の空間）が内部空間Ｐ１の開口Ｐ１ｋになる。
　内部空間Ｐ１は、先端側が円筒形（環状）の空間であり、先端側が中心軸Ｃに対して同心配置される。内部空間Ｐ１は、根端側が４つの半筒形（樋形）の空間であり、周方向において均等配置される。内部空間Ｐ１は、縦方向の長さが約７．５ｍｍであり、隙間（半径方向の距離）が約１００μｍである。隙間は、１０μｍ以上、５００μｍ以下が好ましい。 When the inner cylinder 21 is arranged inside the outer cylinder 15, the front end surface 15 a of the outer cylinder 15 comes into contact with the flange 22 of the inner cylinder 21, and the four enlarged diameter portions 26 of the inner cylinder 21 are formed on the inner peripheral surface 15 d of the outer cylinder 15. Is inserted.
Thereby, a cylindrical internal space P <b> 1 is formed between the outer cylinder 15 and the inner cylinder 21. The internal space P <b> 1 opens at four locations on the root end face (root end faces 15 b and 21 b) of the cylindrical body 13 and extends to the flange 22. At the root end of the inner cylinder 21, the space between the enlarged diameter portions 26 (arc-shaped space) becomes an opening P1k of the internal space P1.
The internal space P <b> 1 is a cylindrical (annular) space on the tip side, and the tip side is concentrically arranged with respect to the central axis C. The inner space P <b> 1 is a space of four semi-cylindrical shapes (a bowl shape) on the root end side, and is equally arranged in the circumferential direction. The internal space P1 has a length of about 7.5 mm in the vertical direction and a gap (radial distance) of about 100 μm. The gap is preferably 10 μm or more and 500 μm or less.
　蓋体３１は、筒体１３の根端面に装着される部材であり、ジルコニア等のセラミックス材料により形成される。蓋体３１は、４つの爪が放射状に付いた錨形部材であり、軸部３２と４つの爪部３４を有する。 The lid 31 is a member attached to the root end face of the cylinder 13 and is formed of a ceramic material such as zirconia. The lid 31 is a bowl-shaped member with four claws radially attached, and has a shaft portion 32 and four claw portions 34.
　軸部３２は、円柱形の部位であり、筒体１３の貫通孔１４（内筒２１の内周面２１ｄ）に嵌入する。軸部３２は、外径が約２．２ｍｍ、全長が約４．０ｍｍである。軸部３２の外径は、ストレート穴部２５の内径と同一である。
　軸部３２の先端面３２ａには、雌ネジ３３が根端側に向かって掘り込まれる。雌ネジ３３のサイズは、例えばＭ１．６Ｐ０．５である。先端面３２ａは、中心穴１１の底面となり、雌ネジ３３にアバットメント４０が螺合する。 The shaft portion 32 is a cylindrical portion and is fitted into the through hole 14 (the inner peripheral surface 21 d of the inner tube 21) of the tube body 13. The shaft portion 32 has an outer diameter of about 2.2 mm and a total length of about 4.0 mm. The outer diameter of the shaft portion 32 is the same as the inner diameter of the straight hole portion 25.
A female screw 33 is dug into the tip end surface 32a of the shaft portion 32 toward the root end side. The size of the female screw 33 is, for example, M1.6P0.5. The distal end surface 32 a becomes the bottom surface of the center hole 11, and the abutment 40 is screwed into the female screw 33.
　爪部３４は、軸部３２の根端から半径方向に突出する三角形の部位であり、筒体１３の根端面に密着する。４つの爪部３４は、軸部３２の周方向において均等配置される。
　各爪部３４の付け根（先端側）には、係止突部３５がそれぞれ設けられる。係止突部３５は、軸部３２から横方向に向けて矩形状に突出する。４つの係止突部３５は、軸部３２の周方向において均等配置される。 The claw portion 34 is a triangular portion protruding in the radial direction from the root end of the shaft portion 32, and is in close contact with the root end surface of the cylindrical body 13. The four claw portions 34 are equally arranged in the circumferential direction of the shaft portion 32.
A locking projection 35 is provided at the base (tip side) of each claw 34. The locking projection 35 protrudes in a rectangular shape from the shaft portion 32 in the lateral direction. The four locking protrusions 35 are equally arranged in the circumferential direction of the shaft portion 32.
　蓋体３１には、全長に亘って延びる縦溝３６が設けられる。縦溝３６は、横断面が円弧形であり、軸部３２に掘り込まれる。
　４つの縦溝３６は、蓋体３１の周方向において均等配置される。縦溝３６は、爪部３４同士（係止突部３５同士）の間に配置される。言い換えれば、縦溝３６同士の間に、爪部３４と係止突部３５が配置される。
　対向配置された縦溝３６同士の距離（蓋体３１の最小径）は、約１．９ｍｍであり、ストレート穴部２５の内径（約２．２ｍｍ）よりも小さい。 The lid 31 is provided with a longitudinal groove 36 extending over the entire length. The vertical groove 36 has a circular cross section and is dug into the shaft portion 32.
The four vertical grooves 36 are equally arranged in the circumferential direction of the lid body 31. The vertical groove 36 is disposed between the claw portions 34 (the locking projections 35). In other words, the claw portion 34 and the locking projection 35 are disposed between the longitudinal grooves 36.
The distance between the longitudinal grooves 36 arranged to face each other (the minimum diameter of the lid 31) is about 1.9 mm, which is smaller than the inner diameter (about 2.2 mm) of the straight hole portion 25.
　蓋体３１の軸部３２は、周方向に沿う横溝３７が設けられる。横溝３７は、横断面が円弧形であり、４つの円弧形に形成される。４つの横溝３７は、４つの縦溝３６に連通する。 The shaft portion 32 of the lid 31 is provided with a lateral groove 37 along the circumferential direction. The transverse groove 37 has a circular cross section and is formed into four circular arcs. The four horizontal grooves 37 communicate with the four vertical grooves 36.
　蓋体３１を筒体１３の根端に配置すると、軸部３２が貫通孔１４に嵌入する。蓋体３１の根端側（蓋外面３１ｂ）が外部に露出する。縦溝３６の先端側と横溝３７（蓋内面３１ｄ）が筒体１３に覆われる。
　軸部３２は、筒体１３の縦方向の略中央まで至る。これにより、フィクスチャー１０に不貫通の中心穴１１が形成される。
　係止突部３５は、内筒２１の角溝部２７に嵌り込み、蓋体３１が内筒２１に対して回転不能になる。
　爪部３４は、筒体１３の根端面に当接して拡径部２６を覆い隠す。そして、爪部３４同士の間に、内部空間Ｐ１の開口Ｐ１ｋが露出する。 When the lid 31 is disposed at the root end of the cylindrical body 13, the shaft portion 32 is fitted into the through hole 14. The root end side (lid outer surface 31b) of the lid 31 is exposed to the outside. The front end side of the vertical groove 36 and the horizontal groove 37 (cover inner surface 31 d) are covered with the cylindrical body 13.
The shaft portion 32 reaches the approximate center in the longitudinal direction of the cylindrical body 13. Thereby, a non-penetrating center hole 11 is formed in the fixture 10.
The locking projection 35 is fitted into the rectangular groove portion 27 of the inner cylinder 21, so that the lid body 31 cannot rotate with respect to the inner cylinder 21.
The claw portion 34 abuts on the root end surface of the cylindrical body 13 and covers the enlarged diameter portion 26. And between the nail | claw parts 34, opening P1k of the internal space P1 is exposed.
　縦溝３６は、中心穴１１に連通する。また、縦溝３６は、横溝３７に連通する。これにより、内筒２１と蓋体３１の間に、内部空間Ｐ２が形成される。この内部空間Ｐ２は、筒体１３の根端の４箇所に開口して、中心穴１１まで延びる。爪部３４同士の間に、内部空間Ｐ２の開口Ｐ２ｋが露出する。
　内部空間Ｐ２は、４つの長棒形の空間と、円環形の空間とからなる。４つの長棒形の空間は、周方向において均等配置される。円環形の空間は、４つの長棒形の空間を結ぶように連通する。
　内部空間Ｐ２は、縦方向の長さが約４．０ｍｍであり、隙間（半径方向の距離）が約１００μｍである。隙間は、１０μｍ以上、５００μｍ以下が好ましい。 The longitudinal groove 36 communicates with the center hole 11. The vertical groove 36 communicates with the horizontal groove 37. Thereby, an internal space P <b> 2 is formed between the inner cylinder 21 and the lid body 31. The internal space P <b> 2 opens at four locations at the root end of the cylindrical body 13 and extends to the center hole 11. Between the claw portions 34, the opening P2k of the internal space P2 is exposed.
The internal space P2 includes four long bar-shaped spaces and an annular space. The four long bar-shaped spaces are equally arranged in the circumferential direction. The annular space communicates so as to connect the four long bar-shaped spaces.
The internal space P2 has a length of about 4.0 mm in the vertical direction and a gap (radial distance) of about 100 μm. The gap is preferably 10 μm or more and 500 μm or less.
〔アバットメント４０〕
　図１に示すように、アバットメント４０は、軸形部材であり、ジルコニア等のセラミックス材料により形成される。
　アバットメント４０は、本体部４１、軸部４２、雄ネジ４５を有する。
　軸部４２は、フィクスチャー１０の中心穴１１に嵌め込まれ、本体部４１は、フィクスチャー１０から露出する。本体部４１に対してインプラントクラウン６が装着される。 [Abutment 40]
As shown in FIG. 1, the abutment 40 is a shaft-shaped member and is formed of a ceramic material such as zirconia.
The abutment 40 includes a main body portion 41, a shaft portion 42, and a male screw 45.
The shaft portion 42 is fitted into the center hole 11 of the fixture 10, and the main body portion 41 is exposed from the fixture 10. The implant crown 6 is attached to the main body portion 41.
　本体部４１は、円錐台形等に形成されて、フィクスチャー１０から露出するように配置される。本体部４１には、接着剤やセメント等を用いてインプラントクラウン６が固定される。 The main body 41 is formed in a truncated cone shape or the like, and is disposed so as to be exposed from the fixture 10. The implant crown 6 is fixed to the main body 41 using an adhesive, cement, or the like.
　軸部４２は、本体部４１から＋Ｚ方向に延出して、フィクスチャー１０の中心穴１１に挿入される。
　軸部４２は、テーパー軸部４３、縮径軸部４４、雄ネジ４５を有する。
　テーパー軸部４３は、本体部４１から＋Ｚ方向に延出する部位であり、根端側に向かって徐々に縮径する。テーパー軸部４３は、外径が約２．３ｍｍ、テーパー角が約６°、長さが約２．０ｍｍである。つまり、テーパー穴部２４と略同一である。
　縮径軸部４４は、テーパー軸部４３から＋Ｚ方向に延出する部位であり、外径が約１．９ｍｍ、長さが約２．５ｍｍである。縮径軸部４４の外径は、ストレート穴部２５の内径（約２．２ｍｍ）よりも小さい。
　雄ネジ４５は、縮径軸部４４から＋Ｚ方向に延出する。雄ネジ４５のサイズは、例えばＭ１．６Ｐ０．５である。つまり、雌ネジ３３と同一サイズである。 The shaft portion 42 extends from the main body portion 41 in the + Z direction and is inserted into the center hole 11 of the fixture 10.
The shaft portion 42 includes a tapered shaft portion 43, a reduced diameter shaft portion 44, and a male screw 45.
The taper shaft portion 43 is a portion extending in the + Z direction from the main body portion 41 and gradually decreases in diameter toward the root end side. The tapered shaft portion 43 has an outer diameter of about 2.3 mm, a taper angle of about 6 °, and a length of about 2.0 mm. That is, it is substantially the same as the tapered hole portion 24.
The reduced diameter shaft portion 44 is a portion extending in the + Z direction from the tapered shaft portion 43, and has an outer diameter of about 1.9 mm and a length of about 2.5 mm. The outer diameter of the reduced diameter shaft portion 44 is smaller than the inner diameter (about 2.2 mm) of the straight hole portion 25.
The male screw 45 extends in the + Z direction from the reduced diameter shaft portion 44. The size of the male screw 45 is, for example, M1.6P0.5. That is, it is the same size as the female screw 33.
　アバットメント４０の軸部４２をフィクスチャー１０中心穴１１に挿入して連結すると、テーパー軸部４３とテーパー穴部２４が密着し、雄ネジ４５と雌ネジ３３が螺合する。
　これにより、縮径軸部４４とストレート穴部２５の間に円筒形の内部空間Ｐ３が形成される。この内部空間Ｐ３は、円筒形（環状）の空間であり、中心軸Ｃに対して同心配置される。内部空間Ｐ３は、中心穴１１の底面（先端面３２ａ）からテーパー穴部２４の根端（フランジ２２の近傍）まで延びる。
　内部空間Ｐ３は、４つの縦溝３６が連通する。つまり、内部空間Ｐ３は、内部空間Ｐ２を介して筒体１３の根端面に開口する。
　内部空間Ｐ３は、縦方向の長さが約３．０ｍｍであり、隙間（半径方向の距離）が約１００μｍである。隙間は、１０μｍ以上、５００μｍ以下が好ましい。 When the shaft portion 42 of the abutment 40 is inserted and connected to the center hole 11 of the fixture 10, the tapered shaft portion 43 and the tapered hole portion 24 come into close contact with each other, and the male screw 45 and the female screw 33 are screwed together.
Thereby, a cylindrical internal space P <b> 3 is formed between the reduced diameter shaft portion 44 and the straight hole portion 25. The internal space P3 is a cylindrical (annular) space, and is concentrically arranged with respect to the central axis C. The internal space P3 extends from the bottom surface (tip surface 32a) of the center hole 11 to the root end (near the flange 22) of the tapered hole portion 24.
In the internal space P3, four vertical grooves 36 communicate. That is, the internal space P3 opens to the root end face of the cylindrical body 13 via the internal space P2.
The internal space P3 has a longitudinal length of about 3.0 mm and a gap (radial distance) of about 100 μm. The gap is preferably 10 μm or more and 500 μm or less.
〔マウント部材８０、カバー部材９０〕
　図９は、マウント部材８０を連結したフィクスチャー１０を示す縦断面図である。
　図１０は、カバー部材９０を連結したフィクスチャー１０を示す縦断面図である。 [Mount member 80, cover member 90]
FIG. 9 is a longitudinal sectional view showing the fixture 10 to which the mount member 80 is connected.
FIG. 10 is a longitudinal sectional view showing the fixture 10 to which the cover member 90 is connected.
　フィクスチャー１０は、マウント部材８０とカバー部材９０を備える。マウント部材８０とカバー部材９０は、アバットメント４０に代わって、一時的に中心穴１１に挿入される部材である。
　マウント部材８０は、フィクスチャー１０の組立時から歯槽骨Ｈへの埋入時までの間に用いられる。カバー部材（連結部材）９０は、フィクスチャー１０の歯槽骨Ｈへの埋入時からアバットメント４０の装着時までの間に用いられる。 The fixture 10 includes a mount member 80 and a cover member 90. The mount member 80 and the cover member 90 are members that are temporarily inserted into the center hole 11 instead of the abutment 40.
The mount member 80 is used from when the fixture 10 is assembled to when it is inserted into the alveolar bone H. The cover member (connecting member) 90 is used between the time when the fixture 10 is embedded in the alveolar bone H and the time when the abutment 40 is mounted.
　マウント部材８０とカバー部材９０は、いずれも熱可塑性樹脂により形成される。マウント部材８０とカバー部材９０は、アバットメント４０の軸部４２と同一形状の軸部８２，９２をそれぞれ備える。 The mount member 80 and the cover member 90 are both formed of a thermoplastic resin. The mount member 80 and the cover member 90 include shaft portions 82 and 92 having the same shape as the shaft portion 42 of the abutment 40, respectively.
　マウント部材８０は、本体部４１に代えて、フランジ８１とグリップ８３を備える。
　フランジ８１は、フィクスチャー１０の先端面１０ａに当接する部位である。
　グリップ８３は、不図示の治具により把持される部位である。グリップ８３の形状は、任意である。このグリップ８３を専用治具（不図示）で把持することにより、フィクスチャー１０を歯槽骨Ｈに形成した穴に埋入できる。また、マウント部材８０に回転力を付与できる。 The mount member 80 includes a flange 81 and a grip 83 instead of the main body portion 41.
The flange 81 is a part that comes into contact with the front end surface 10 a of the fixture 10.
The grip 83 is a part that is gripped by a jig (not shown). The shape of the grip 83 is arbitrary. The fixture 10 can be embedded in a hole formed in the alveolar bone H by gripping the grip 83 with a dedicated jig (not shown). Further, a rotational force can be applied to the mount member 80.
　カバー部材９０は、本体部４１に代えて、フランジ９１を備える。カバー部材９０の先端面９０ａには、六角穴９３が形成される。
　フランジ９１は、フィクスチャー１０の先端面１０ａに当接する部位である。
　六角穴９３に専用治具（不図示）を挿入することにより、カバー部材９０に回転力を付与できる。 The cover member 90 includes a flange 91 instead of the main body portion 41. A hexagonal hole 93 is formed in the front end surface 90 a of the cover member 90.
The flange 91 is a part that comes into contact with the front end surface 10 a of the fixture 10.
A rotational force can be applied to the cover member 90 by inserting a dedicated jig (not shown) into the hexagonal hole 93.
　マウント部材８０とカバー部材９０の軸部８２，９２は、アバットメント４０の軸部４２と同一形状である。このため、フィクスチャー１０には、内部空間Ｐ３が常に形成される。内部空間Ｐ３の形状、体積も同一（不変）である。 The shaft portions 82 and 92 of the mount member 80 and the cover member 90 have the same shape as the shaft portion 42 of the abutment 40. For this reason, the internal space P3 is always formed in the fixture 10. The shape and volume of the internal space P3 are also the same (unchangeable).
〔生体組織密着面５０〕
　図１１および図１２は、生体組織密着面５１をＳＥＭで撮影した写真であって、（ａ）拡大率２００倍、（ｂ）拡大率５００倍、（ｃ）拡大率２０００倍、（ｄ）拡大率５０００倍、（ｅ）拡大率１００００倍である。
　図１３は、小腸の微絨毛を示す参考写真である。
　図１４は、従来のフィクスチャーの外表面をＳＥＭ（拡大率２０００倍）で撮影した写真であって、（ａ）Ａ社製品、（ｂ）Ｂ社製品、（ｃ）Ｃ社製品、（ｄ）Ｄ社製品である。 [Body tissue adhesion surface 50]
FIGS. 11 and 12 are photographs obtained by photographing the living tissue adhesion surface 51 with an SEM. (A) 200 times magnification, (b) 500 times magnification, (c) 2000 times magnification, (d) magnification. The rate is 5000 times, and (e) the enlargement rate is 10,000 times.
FIG. 13 is a reference photograph showing microvilli of the small intestine.
FIG. 14 is a photograph of the outer surface of a conventional fixture taken with an SEM (magnification factor 2000 times), (a) A company product, (b) B company product, (c) C company product, (d ) D company product.
　フィクスチャー１０には、生体組織密着面５０（生体組織密着面５１～５３，５４）が形成される。生体組織密着面（粗面）５０は、フィクスチャー１０の骨結合を向上させるための面であり、粗面化される。
　生体組織密着面５０は、フィクスチャー１０の外表面１０Ｈに形成される。フィクスチャー１０の外表面１０Ｈは、外周面１０ｃ、先端面１０ａ、根端面１０ｂである。外周面１０ｃは、外周面１５ｃ、外周面２２ｃからなる。先端面１０ａは、先端面２１ａからなる。根端面１０ｂは、根端面１５ｂ、根端面２１ｂ、蓋外面３１ｂからなる。
　つまり、生体組織密着面５０は、外周面１５ｃ、根端面１５ｂ、外周面２２ｃ、先端面２１ａ、根端面２１ｂ、蓋外面３１ｂに、それぞれ形成される。 The fixture 10 is formed with a biological tissue adhesion surface 50 (biological tissue adhesion surfaces 51 to 53, 54). The living tissue adhesion surface (rough surface) 50 is a surface for improving the bone bonding of the fixture 10 and is roughened.
The biological tissue adhesion surface 50 is formed on the outer surface 10H of the fixture 10. The outer surface 10H of the fixture 10 is an outer peripheral surface 10c, a tip surface 10a, and a root end surface 10b. The outer peripheral surface 10c includes an outer peripheral surface 15c and an outer peripheral surface 22c. The tip surface 10a is composed of a tip surface 21a. The root end surface 10b includes a root end surface 15b, a root end surface 21b, and a lid outer surface 31b.
That is, the living tissue contact surface 50 is formed on the outer peripheral surface 15c, the root end surface 15b, the outer peripheral surface 22c, the tip end surface 21a, the root end surface 21b, and the lid outer surface 31b.
　生体組織密着面５０は、フィクスチャー１０の歯茎癒着も向上させる。つまり、生体組織密着面５０は、生体組織に対する活着性（硬組織結合性、軟部組織癒着性）を向上させて、生体組織の癒合を早める。
　フィクスチャー１０は、歯槽骨Ｈのみならず、歯槽骨Ｈの周囲の粘膜組織（軟部組織）にも密着する。具体的には、先端面１０ａ（先端面２１ａ）が歯茎Ｓに密着する。
　このため、フィクスチャー１０は、軟部組織との癒着性（親和性）も重要になる。フィクスチャー１０は、歯茎Ｓとの癒着が低いと、歯茎Ｓに炎症が発生して歯茎Ｓが退縮したり、歯槽骨Ｈが減少（骨吸収：bone resorption）したりする。したがって、フィクスチャー１０と歯茎Ｓの癒着性（軟部組織癒着性）を高めて、細菌の侵入を阻止（封鎖）する必要がある。 The living tissue adhesion surface 50 also improves the gum adhesion of the fixture 10. That is, the living tissue adhesion surface 50 improves the adhesion to the living tissue (hard tissue bonding property, soft tissue adhesion) and accelerates the healing of the living tissue.
The fixture 10 adheres not only to the alveolar bone H but also to the mucosal tissue (soft tissue) around the alveolar bone H. Specifically, the tip surface 10a (tip surface 21a) is in close contact with the gum S.
For this reason, the fixture 10 also has an important adhesion property (affinity) with the soft tissue. When the fixture 10 has low adhesion to the gum S, the gum S is inflamed and the gum S retreats or the alveolar bone H decreases (bone resorption). Therefore, it is necessary to enhance the adhesion (soft tissue adhesion) between the fixture 10 and the gum S and prevent (block) bacteria from entering.
　生体組織密着面５０は、フィクスチャー１０の内表面１０Ｎにも形成される。フィクスチャー１０の内表面１０Ｎは、内部空間Ｐ（内部空間Ｐ１，Ｐ２，Ｐ３）を形成する内面である。つまり、内周面２１ｄ、外周面２３ｃ、蓋内面３１ｄにも、生体組織密着面５０が形成される。 The living tissue adhesion surface 50 is also formed on the inner surface 10N of the fixture 10. The inner surface 10N of the fixture 10 is an inner surface that forms an internal space P (internal spaces P1, P2, P3). That is, the living tissue adhesion surface 50 is also formed on the inner peripheral surface 21d, the outer peripheral surface 23c, and the lid inner surface 31d.
　フィクスチャー１０の内表面１０Ｎ（内部空間Ｐ）は、歯槽骨Ｈに直接触れる面ではない。しかし、内部空間Ｐには歯槽骨Ｈを形成する血液が浸み込んで、内部空間Ｐが血液で濡れる（触れる）。つまり、内部空間Ｐに血液が浸潤すると、この血液に含まれる前骨芽細胞（preosteoblast）がフィクスチャー１０の内表面１０Ｎに定着する。したがって、フィクスチャー１０の骨結合が向上する。 The inner surface 10N (internal space P) of the fixture 10 is not a surface that directly contacts the alveolar bone H. However, the blood forming the alveolar bone H permeates into the internal space P, and the internal space P gets wet (touches) with the blood. That is, when blood infiltrates into the internal space P, preosteoblast contained in the blood is fixed on the inner surface 10N of the fixture 10. Therefore, the bone bonding of the fixture 10 is improved.
（生体組織密着面５１）
　生体組織密着面５１には、指頭形状を有する絨毛体５５が多数形成される。指頭形状とは、指先の様に、先端が丸い形状（半球形状）を意味する。つまり、絨毛体５５は、先端が球状の突起を有する。
　絨毛体５５は、先端の外径（直径）がナノメートルサイズ（ナノメートルオーダー、ナノメートルスケール、ナノメートルクラスと呼ばれることもある。）に形成される。つまり、絨毛体５５の先端径は、１ｎｍ以上、１０００ｎｍ未満である。
　絨毛体５５の先端径は、例えば５０ｎｍ以上、５００ｎｍ未満である。さらには、例えば１００ｎｍ以上、３００ｎｍ未満である。 (Biological tissue adhesion surface 51)
A large number of villi 55 having a fingertip shape are formed on the living tissue contact surface 51. The fingertip shape means a shape having a round tip (hemispherical shape) like a fingertip. That is, the villi 55 has a protrusion with a spherical tip.
The villi 55 is formed so that the outer diameter (diameter) of the tip is nanometer size (nanometer order, nanometer scale, sometimes called nanometer class). That is, the tip diameter of the villi 55 is 1 nm or more and less than 1000 nm.
The tip diameter of the villi 55 is, for example, not less than 50 nm and less than 500 nm. Furthermore, it is 100 nm or more and less than 300 nm, for example.
　生体組織密着面５１は、三次元表面粗さＳａ（算術平均高さ：ＩＳＯ２５１７８）もナノメートルサイズ（１ｎｍ以上、１０００ｎｍ未満）である。生体組織密着面５１の三次元粗さＳａは、例えば５００ｎｍ以上、８００ｎｍである。 The living tissue adhesion surface 51 has a three-dimensional surface roughness Sa (arithmetic average height: ISO25178) of nanometer size (1 nm or more and less than 1000 nm). The three-dimensional roughness Sa of the living tissue adhesion surface 51 is, for example, not less than 500 nm and not more than 800 nm.
　生体組織密着面５１は、界面の展開面積比Ｓｄｒ（ＩＳＯ２５１７８）が０．１以上、２．０以下である。生体組織密着面５１は、界面の展開面積比Ｓｄｒが、例えば０．５以上、１．０以下である。 The living tissue contact surface 51 has an interface development area ratio Sdr (ISO25178) of 0.1 or more and 2.0 or less. The biological tissue adhesion surface 51 has an interface development area ratio Sdr of, for example, 0.5 or more and 1.0 or less.
　絨毛（villus）とは、器官の表面から突出した微細な突起であり、小腸や胎盤などに存在する。絨毛は、柔毛、柔突起とも呼ばれる。
　図１３に示すように、小腸には、絨毛の表面にさらに多数の微絨毛（microvillus）が存在する。絨毛および微絨毛は、指頭形状を有する。微絨毛の先端径は、１μｍ未満である。絨毛・微絨毛によって表面積が著しく増大し、吸収や結合などが効率的、効果的に行われている。 The villus is a fine projection that protrudes from the surface of an organ and exists in the small intestine and placenta. Villi are also called fur and soft processes.
As shown in FIG. 13, in the small intestine, a large number of microvilluss are present on the surface of the villi. The villi and microvilli have a fingertip shape. The tip diameter of the microvilli is less than 1 μm. The surface area of the villi and microvilli is remarkably increased, and absorption and binding are performed efficiently and effectively.
　このように、生体組織密着面５１には、生体組織に存在する絨毛や微絨毛に類似した絨毛体５５が多数形成される。このため、生体組織密着面５１は、生体組織（骨等の硬組織、粘膜組織等の軟部組織）との結合性や癒着性が高い。つまり、生体組織密着面５１は、生体組織に密着して活着する表面として、理想に近い形状である。 Thus, a large number of villous bodies 55 similar to villi and microvilli existing in the living tissue are formed on the living tissue contact surface 51. For this reason, the living tissue adhesion surface 51 has high connectivity and adhesion to living tissue (hard tissue such as bone, soft tissue such as mucosal tissue). That is, the biological tissue adhesion surface 51 has a shape close to an ideal as a surface that adheres to and adheres to the biological tissue.
　図１４に示すように、従来のフィクスチャーも外表面が粗面化されている。これらの外表面は、塩酸等によるエッジング処理やブラスト処理により粗面化される。
　これらの外表面には、細孔が多数形成され、さらにこの細孔の周囲に先端が尖った形状を有する突起が多数形成されている。従来のフィクスチャーの外表面は、三次元粗さＳａが２μｍ以上である。
　しかし、従来のフィクスチャーの外表面のいずれにも、先端が丸い形状を有する突起（指頭形状の絨毛体）は見当たらない。 As shown in FIG. 14, the outer surface of the conventional fixture is also roughened. These outer surfaces are roughened by edging or blasting with hydrochloric acid or the like.
A large number of pores are formed on these outer surfaces, and a number of protrusions having a pointed tip shape are formed around the pores. The outer surface of the conventional fixture has a three-dimensional roughness Sa of 2 μm or more.
However, no protrusions having a rounded tip (finger-shaped villi) are found on any of the outer surfaces of the conventional fixture.
　さらに、生体組織密着面５１には、複数の大溝７０が形成される。
　大溝（第二溝）７０は、幅が１０μｍ以上、５００μｍ以下であり、並列に配置される。大溝７０は、幅が例えば２０μｍ以上、１００μｍ以下である。さらには、例えば３０μｍ以上、５０μｍ以下である。
　大溝７０は、深さが５μｍ以上、５００μｍ以下である。大溝７０は、深さが例えば１０μｍ以上、１００μｍ以下である。 Furthermore, a plurality of large grooves 70 are formed in the living tissue adhesion surface 51.
The large groove (second groove) 70 has a width of 10 μm or more and 500 μm or less, and is arranged in parallel. The large groove 70 has a width of, for example, 20 μm or more and 100 μm or less. Furthermore, it is 30 micrometers or more and 50 micrometers or less, for example.
The large groove 70 has a depth of 5 μm or more and 500 μm or less. The large groove 70 has a depth of, for example, 10 μm or more and 100 μm or less.
（生体組織密着面５２）
　図１５および図１６は、生体組織密着面５２をＳＥＭで撮影した写真であって、（ａ）拡大率２００倍、（ｂ）拡大率５００倍、（ｃ）拡大率２０００倍、（ｄ）拡大率５０００倍、（ｅ）拡大率１００００倍である。 (Body tissue adhesion surface 52)
FIGS. 15 and 16 are photographs obtained by photographing the living tissue adhesion surface 52 with an SEM. (A) 200 times magnification, (b) 500 times magnification, (c) 2000 times magnification, (d) magnification. The rate is 5000 times, and (e) the enlargement rate is 10,000 times.
　フィクスチャー１０には、生体組織密着面５２が形成されてもよい。
　この生体組織密着面５２には、生体組織密着面５１と同様に、指頭形状を有する絨毛体５５が多数形成される。生体組織密着面５２の三次元粗さＳａと界面の展開面積比Ｓｄｒは、生体組織密着面５１と同一である。 A biological tissue adhesion surface 52 may be formed on the fixture 10.
A large number of villous bodies 55 having a fingertip shape are formed on the living tissue contact surface 52, as in the living tissue contact surface 51. The three-dimensional roughness Sa of the living tissue contact surface 52 and the developed area ratio Sdr of the interface are the same as those of the living tissue contact surface 51.
　生体組織密着面５１には、複数の大溝７０が交差するように配置される。例えば縦方向に並列する大溝７０と横方向（周方向）に並列する大溝７０が交差する。つまり、複数の大溝７０が格子状に配置される。
　交差する大溝７０同士は、交差角度が６０°以上であり、例えば直角である。 A plurality of large grooves 70 are arranged on the living tissue contact surface 51 so as to intersect with each other. For example, the large groove 70 parallel in the vertical direction and the large groove 70 parallel in the horizontal direction (circumferential direction) intersect. That is, the plurality of large grooves 70 are arranged in a lattice shape.
The intersecting large grooves 70 have an intersecting angle of 60 ° or more, for example, a right angle.
（生体組織密着面５３）
　図１７は、生体組織密着面５３をＳＥＭで撮影した写真であって、（ａ）拡大率２００倍、（ｂ）拡大率５００倍（ｃ）拡大率１００００倍である。 (Body tissue adhesion surface 53)
FIGS. 17A and 17B are photographs obtained by photographing the living tissue adhesion surface 53 with an SEM, where (a) the magnification is 200 times, (b) the magnification is 500 times, and (c) the magnification is 10000 times.
　フィクスチャー１０には、生体組織密着面５３が形成されてもよい。
　この生体組織密着面５３には、生体組織密着面５１，５２と同様に、指頭形状を有する絨毛体５５が多数形成される。生体組織密着面５３の三次元粗さＳａと界面の展開面積比Ｓｄｒは、生体組織密着面５１，５２と同一である。 A biological tissue adhesion surface 53 may be formed on the fixture 10.
A large number of villous bodies 55 having a fingertip shape are formed on the biological tissue adhesion surface 53, as in the biological tissue adhesion surfaces 51 and 52. The three-dimensional roughness Sa of the living tissue contact surface 53 and the developed area ratio Sdr of the interface are the same as those of the living tissue contact surfaces 51 and 52.
　生体組織密着面５３には、小溝６０と大溝７０がそれぞれ複数形成される。並列する小溝６０と並列する大溝７０が格子状に交差する。
　小溝６０と大溝７０は、交差角度が６０°以上であり、例えば直角である。 A plurality of small grooves 60 and a plurality of large grooves 70 are formed on the living tissue adhesion surface 53. The parallel small grooves 60 and the large grooves 70 parallel to each other intersect in a lattice pattern.
The small groove 60 and the large groove 70 have an intersection angle of 60 ° or more, for example, a right angle.
　小溝（第一溝）６０は、幅が１μｍ以上、５０μｍ以下であり、並列に配置される。小溝６０は、幅が例えば１μｍ以上、２０μｍである。さらには、例えば５μｍ以上、１０μｍ以下である。
　小溝６０は、深さが１μｍ以上、２０μｍ以下である。小溝６０は、深さが例えば２μｍ以上、５μｍ以下である。 The small grooves (first grooves) 60 have a width of 1 μm or more and 50 μm or less, and are arranged in parallel. The small groove 60 has a width of, for example, 1 μm or more and 20 μm. Furthermore, for example, it is 5 μm or more and 10 μm or less.
The small groove 60 has a depth of 1 μm or more and 20 μm or less. The small groove 60 has a depth of, for example, 2 μm or more and 5 μm or less.
（生体組織密着面５４）
　図１８は、生体組織密着面５４をＳＥＭで撮影した写真であって、（ａ）拡大率５００倍、（ｂ）拡大率１００００倍である。 (Body tissue adhesion surface 54)
FIG. 18 is a photograph of the living tissue adhesion surface 54 taken with an SEM, where (a) the magnification is 500 times and (b) the magnification is 10000 times.
　フィクスチャー１０には、生体組織密着面５４が形成されてもよい。
　この生体組織密着面５３には、生体組織密着面５１～５３と同様に、指頭形状を有する絨毛体５５が多数形成される。生体組織密着面５４の三次元粗さＳａと界面の展開面積比Ｓｄｒは、生体組織密着面５１～５３と同一である。 A biological tissue adhesion surface 54 may be formed on the fixture 10.
A large number of villous bodies 55 having a fingertip shape are formed on the living tissue contact surface 53, similarly to the biological tissue contact surfaces 51 to 53. The three-dimensional roughness Sa of the living tissue contact surface 54 and the developed area ratio Sdr of the interface are the same as those of the living tissue contact surfaces 51 to 53.
　生体組織密着面５３には、小溝６０と大溝７０がそれぞれ複数形成される。並列する複数の小溝６０と並列する大溝７０が同一方向に延びて重畳する。つまり、大溝７０の内面に小溝６０が配置される。
　小溝６０と大溝７０は、例えば平行である。小溝６０と大溝７０は、交差角度が３０°以下であってもよい。 A plurality of small grooves 60 and a plurality of large grooves 70 are formed on the living tissue adhesion surface 53. A plurality of small grooves 60 arranged in parallel and a large groove 70 arranged in parallel extend and overlap in the same direction. That is, the small groove 60 is disposed on the inner surface of the large groove 70.
The small groove 60 and the large groove 70 are parallel, for example. The small groove 60 and the large groove 70 may have an intersection angle of 30 ° or less.
　小溝６０は、幅が１μｍ以上、５０μｍ以下であり、並列に配置される。小溝６０は、幅が例えば１μｍ以上、２０μｍ、さらには例えば５μｍ以上、１０μｍ以下である。
　小溝６０は、深さが１μｍ以上、２０μｍ以下である。小溝６０は、深さが例えば２μｍ以上、５μｍ以下である。 The small grooves 60 have a width of 1 μm or more and 50 μm or less, and are arranged in parallel. The small groove 60 has a width of, for example, 1 μm or more and 20 μm, and further, for example, 5 μm or more and 10 μm or less.
The small groove 60 has a depth of 1 μm or more and 20 μm or less. The small groove 60 has a depth of, for example, 2 μm or more and 5 μm or less.
〔歯科用インプラント１の製造方法〕
　フィクスチャー１０とアバットメント４０は、ジルコニア（酸化ジルコニウム）を主成分とする生体適合性セラミックスにより形成（成形）される。
　フィクスチャー１０の製造工程は、成形工程、焼結工程、粗面化工程（生体組織密着面の形成工程）を有する。さらに、洗浄工程、組立工程、γ線殺菌工程、加熱工程を有する。
　アバットメント４０の製造工程は、フィクスチャー１０の製造工程と同一であるため、説明を省略する。 [Method for producing dental implant 1]
The fixture 10 and the abutment 40 are formed (molded) from biocompatible ceramics mainly composed of zirconia (zirconium oxide).
The manufacturing process of the fixture 10 includes a forming process, a sintering process, and a roughening process (formation process of a living tissue adhesion surface). Furthermore, it has a washing process, an assembly process, a gamma ray sterilization process, and a heating process.
Since the manufacturing process of the abutment 40 is the same as the manufacturing process of the fixture 10, the description thereof is omitted.
　成形工程では、まず、ジルコニア粉末を含むペレットを射出成形して、ジルコニア成形体（セラミックス成形体）を得る。つまり、外筒１５、内筒２１、蓋体３１の成形体を得る。
　次に、焼結工程では、このジルコニア成形体に対して予備焼結処理と本焼結処理を施して、ジルコニア焼結体（セラミックス焼結体）を得る。つまり、外筒１５、内筒２１（半筒形部材２１Ｌ，２１Ｒ）、蓋体３１の焼結体を得る。 In the molding step, first, pellets containing zirconia powder are injection-molded to obtain a zirconia molded body (ceramic molded body). That is, a molded body of the outer cylinder 15, the inner cylinder 21, and the lid body 31 is obtained.
Next, in the sintering step, a pre-sintering process and a main sintering process are performed on the zirconia molded body to obtain a zirconia sintered body (ceramic sintered body). That is, the sintered body of the outer cylinder 15, the inner cylinder 21 (half- cylinder members 21L and 21R), and the lid 31 is obtained.
　次に、粗面化工程では、ジルコニア焼結体の外表面に対してレーザ光を照射して、生体組織密着面５０を形成する。
　ジルコニア焼結体の外表面は、フィクスチャー１０の外表面１０Ｈと内表面１０Ｎになる。つまり、外周面１０ｃ（外周面１５ｃ、外周面２２ｃ）、先端面１０ａ（先端面２１ａ）、根端面１０ｂ（根端面１５ｂ、根端面２１ｂ、蓋外面３１ｂ）、外周面２３ｃ、内周面２１ｄ、蓋内面３１ｄに、生体組織密着面５０が形成される。 Next, in the roughening step, the outer surface of the zirconia sintered body is irradiated with laser light to form the living tissue adhesion surface 50.
The outer surface of the zirconia sintered body becomes the outer surface 10H and the inner surface 10N of the fixture 10. That is, outer peripheral surface 10c (outer peripheral surface 15c, outer peripheral surface 22c), distal end surface 10a (front end surface 21a), root end surface 10b (root end surface 15b, root end surface 21b, lid outer surface 31b), outer peripheral surface 23c, inner peripheral surface 21d, A living tissue adhesion surface 50 is formed on the lid inner surface 31d.
　レーザ光には、極短パルスレーザのレーザ光が用いられる。ピコ数レーザまたはフェムト秒レーザのレーザ光を用いることができる。
　極短パルスレーザは、パルス幅（時間幅）が数ピコ秒から数フェムト秒の非常に短いパルスのレーザである。数ピコ秒レーザは、パルス幅が１兆分の１秒のレーザである。フェムト秒レーザは、パルス幅が１０００兆分の１秒のレーザである。 As the laser beam, a laser beam of an ultrashort pulse laser is used. Laser light of pico number laser or femtosecond laser can be used.
The ultrashort pulse laser is a laser with a very short pulse having a pulse width (time width) of several picoseconds to several femtoseconds. The several picosecond laser is a laser having a pulse width of 1 trillionth of a second. The femtosecond laser is a laser having a pulse width of 1/1000 trillion seconds.
　ジルコニア焼結体に対してフェムト秒レーザ等のレーザ光を照射すると、表面が非熱加工（レーザ非熱加工）される。
　非熱加工とは、大気圧下（水分を含む空気中）でレーザ光を照射して、瞬時に溶融、蒸発、飛散させる加工である。溶融した箇所が瞬時に蒸発、飛散して除去されるため、加工部周辺への熱影響（熱損傷）が極めて少ない。非熱加工には、レーザ光の出力（ピークパワーやエネルギー密度）が大きいパルスレーザが用いられる。
　ジルコニア焼結体の外表面をレーザ光で非熱加工すると、多数の絨毛体５５を有する生体組織密着面５０が形成される。レーザ光の出力等を調整することにより、絨毛体５５の大きさ等を変更できる。 When the zirconia sintered body is irradiated with a laser beam such as a femtosecond laser, the surface is subjected to non-thermal processing (laser non-thermal processing).
Non-thermal processing is processing in which laser light is irradiated under atmospheric pressure (in air containing moisture) to instantaneously melt, evaporate, and scatter. Since the melted portion is instantly evaporated and scattered and removed, there is very little thermal influence (thermal damage) around the processed part. For non-thermal processing, a pulse laser having a large laser beam output (peak power or energy density) is used.
When the outer surface of the zirconia sintered body is non-thermally processed with laser light, a living tissue adhesion surface 50 having a large number of villi 55 is formed. The size or the like of the villi 55 can be changed by adjusting the output of the laser beam or the like.
　小溝６０や大溝７０は、レーザ光を照射しながら走査することで、ジルコニア焼結体の外表面に掘り込まれる。レーザ光の出力を調整することにより、レーザ光による加工幅（光径）を変更できる。つまり、レーザ光の出力（加工幅）を調整することにより、小溝６０や大溝７０の幅や深さを変更できる。また、同一箇所に対する照射回数、走査速度、レーザ光出力等に応じて、小溝６０や大溝７０の幅や深さを変更することもできる。 The small groove 60 and the large groove 70 are dug into the outer surface of the zirconia sintered body by scanning while irradiating the laser beam. By adjusting the output of the laser beam, the processing width (light diameter) by the laser beam can be changed. That is, the width and depth of the small groove 60 and the large groove 70 can be changed by adjusting the output (processing width) of the laser beam. In addition, the width and depth of the small groove 60 and the large groove 70 can be changed according to the number of times of irradiation with respect to the same location, the scanning speed, the laser light output, and the like.
　小溝６０と大溝７０をそれぞれ形成する場合は、まず大溝７０を形成し、次に小溝６０を形成する。
　小溝６０同士、大溝７０同士、または小溝６０と大溝７０を格子状に配置する場合には、レーザ光を交差（直行）する二方向走査する。このときの走査の交差角度が、小溝６０同士、大溝７０同士、または小溝６０と大溝７０の交差角度になる。 When forming the small groove 60 and the large groove 70, respectively, the large groove 70 is formed first, and then the small groove 60 is formed.
When the small grooves 60, the large grooves 70, or the small grooves 60 and the large grooves 70 are arranged in a lattice pattern, two-way scanning is performed to cross (perpendicularly) the laser beams. The scanning crossing angle at this time is the crossing angle between the small grooves 60, the large grooves 70, or the small grooves 60 and the large grooves 70.
　ジルコニア焼結体の外表面をレーザ光で削って大溝７０や小溝６０を形成すると、同時に大溝７０や小溝６０の内面に多数の絨毛体５５が形成される。つまり、生体組織密着面５０は、大溝７０や小溝６０と同時に形成される。 When the outer surface of the zirconia sintered body is shaved with laser light to form the large groove 70 and the small groove 60, a large number of villi 55 are formed on the inner surfaces of the large groove 70 and the small groove 60 at the same time. That is, the living tissue contact surface 50 is formed simultaneously with the large groove 70 and the small groove 60.
　ジルコニア焼結体の外表面の粗面化工程において、先端面１０ａの形成工程では、レーザ光の出力を異ならせてもよい。つまり、先端面１０ａの表面性状（表面粗さ）を異ならせる。先端面１０ａには、歯茎Ｓを癒着させるためである。 In the step of roughening the outer surface of the zirconia sintered body, the output of the laser beam may be varied in the step of forming the tip surface 10a. That is, the surface properties (surface roughness) of the tip surface 10a are varied. This is because the gum S is adhered to the distal end surface 10a.
　生体組織密着面５０を形成した後は、洗浄工程、組立工程を行う。
　組立工程では、まず、半筒形部材２１Ｌ，２１Ｒを向い合せて密着させて、筒状（内筒２１）にする。そして、内筒２１の外側に外筒１５を配置して、筒体１３を組み立てる。
　次いで、筒体１３の根端（貫通孔１４）に蓋体３１を装着（嵌入）する。
　最後に、マウント部材８０を中心穴１１に挿入して蓋体３１に螺合する。 After the living tissue adhesion surface 50 is formed, a cleaning process and an assembly process are performed.
In the assembly process, first, the semi-cylindrical members 21L and 21R face each other and are brought into close contact with each other to form a cylinder (inner cylinder 21). And the outer cylinder 15 is arrange | positioned on the outer side of the inner cylinder 21, and the cylinder 13 is assembled.
Next, the lid body 31 is attached (inserted) to the root end (through hole 14) of the cylindrical body 13.
Finally, the mount member 80 is inserted into the center hole 11 and screwed into the lid body 31.
　フィクスチャー１０を組み立てた後は、γ線殺菌工程、加熱工程を行う。
　γ線殺菌工程を経ると、外筒１５等は濃茶色化してしまう。このため、加熱工程において、１００℃～３００℃の温度で再加熱して、外筒１５等を色戻し（白色化）する。 After the fixture 10 is assembled, a γ-ray sterilization process and a heating process are performed.
After the γ-ray sterilization process, the outer cylinder 15 and the like are dark brown. For this reason, in the heating step, the outer cylinder 15 and the like are recolored (whitened) by reheating at a temperature of 100 ° C. to 300 ° C.
　このようにして、フィクスチャー１０が製造される。
　なお、フィクスチャー１０を本焼結処理した後に、粗面化工程（生体組織密着面５０の形成）を行う場合に限らない。ジルコニア成形体を予備焼結処理した後に、ジルコニア焼結体に粗面化工程を行ってもよい。この場合には、その後に本焼結処理を行う。この本焼結処理により、ジルコニア焼結体が収縮して、絨毛体５５、小溝６０、大溝７０も縮小する。そこで、ジルコニア焼結体の収縮を見込んで、生体組織密着面５０を大きく形成しておく。これにより、本焼結処理後に形成した場合と同一形状のフィクスチャー１０（生体組織密着面５０）が得られる。 In this way, the fixture 10 is manufactured.
Note that the present invention is not limited to the case where the roughening step (formation of the living tissue adhesion surface 50) is performed after the fixture 10 is subjected to the main sintering process. After pre-sintering the zirconia molded body, the zirconia sintered body may be subjected to a roughening step. In this case, the main sintering process is performed thereafter. By this main sintering process, the zirconia sintered body contracts, and the villi 55, the small groove 60, and the large groove 70 are also reduced. In view of this, the biological tissue adhesion surface 50 is formed large in anticipation of the shrinkage of the zirconia sintered body. Thereby, the fixture 10 (living tissue adhesion surface 50) having the same shape as that formed after the main sintering process is obtained.
〔歯科用インプラント治療の二回法〕
　患者への歯科用インプラント１の装着は、以下の手順に従って行われる。 [Two methods of dental implant treatment]
The dental implant 1 is attached to the patient according to the following procedure.
（一回目の手術）
　最初に、フィクスチャー１０を患者の歯槽骨Ｈに埋入する。マウント部材８０を専用治具で把持して、フィクスチャー１０を歯槽骨Ｈに形成した穴に嵌め込む（挿入する）。
　次に、マウント部材８０を取り外して、カバー部材９０をフィクスチャー１０に装着する。つまり、カバー部材９０を中心穴１１に挿入して蓋体３１に螺合する。 (First surgery)
First, the fixture 10 is implanted in the patient's alveolar bone H. The mount member 80 is held with a dedicated jig, and the fixture 10 is fitted (inserted) into a hole formed in the alveolar bone H.
Next, the mount member 80 is removed, and the cover member 90 is attached to the fixture 10. That is, the cover member 90 is inserted into the center hole 11 and screwed into the lid body 31.
　フィクスチャー１０を歯槽骨Ｈに埋入すると、フィクスチャー１０は歯槽骨Ｈに密着すると同時に、歯槽骨Ｈの穴に溜まった血液に浸る。この血液は、フィクスチャー１０の外表面１０Ｈに付着する。さらに、血液は、フィクスチャー１０の内部空間Ｐに浸潤して、フィクスチャー１０の内表面１０Ｎにも付着する。 When the fixture 10 is embedded in the alveolar bone H, the fixture 10 comes into close contact with the alveolar bone H and is immersed in the blood accumulated in the hole of the alveolar bone H. This blood adheres to the outer surface 10H of the fixture 10. Furthermore, blood infiltrates the internal space P of the fixture 10 and adheres to the inner surface 10N of the fixture 10.
　最後に、歯茎Ｓを縫い合わせる。これにより、歯槽骨Ｈにフィクスチャー１０が固定される。その後、歯槽骨Ｈとフィクスチャー１０を例えば１ヶ月程度かけて骨密着させる。 Finally, sew gums S together. Thereby, the fixture 10 is fixed to the alveolar bone H. Thereafter, the alveolar bone H and the fixture 10 are brought into close contact with the bone over, for example, about one month.
（二回目の手術）
　患者の歯槽骨Ｈに埋入したフィクスチャー１０に対して、アバットメント４０を挿入する。歯茎Ｓを切開してフィクスチャー１０からカバー部材９０を取り外した後に、フィクスチャー１０にアバットメント４０を装着する。
　軸部９２と軸部４２は同一形状であるため、カバー部材９０をアバットメント４０に交換しても、内部空間Ｐ３は維持される。 (Second surgery)
The abutment 40 is inserted into the fixture 10 embedded in the alveolar bone H of the patient. After the gum S is cut open and the cover member 90 is removed from the fixture 10, the abutment 40 is attached to the fixture 10.
Since the shaft portion 92 and the shaft portion 42 have the same shape, the internal space P3 is maintained even when the cover member 90 is replaced with the abutment 40.
　最後に、歯茎Ｓを縫い合わせる。そして、アバットメント４０にインプラントクラウン６を装着する。本体部４１とインプラントクラウン６の間に接着剤やセメント等を配置する。これにより、アバットメント４０とインプラントクラウン６が強固に連結される。
　その後、歯茎Ｓとアバットメント４０を２週間程度かけて癒着させる。 Finally, the gums S are sewn together. Then, the implant crown 6 is attached to the abutment 40. An adhesive, cement, or the like is disposed between the main body 41 and the implant crown 6. Thereby, the abutment 40 and the implant crown 6 are firmly connected.
Thereafter, the gum S and the abutment 40 are adhered to each other over about two weeks.
〔歯科用インプラント１の作用〕
　フィクスチャー１０は、Ｚ方向（埋め込み方向）に延びる内部空間Ｐを備える。この内部空間Ｐには、骨形成を担う細胞を含む血液が浸潤する。つまり、内部空間Ｐに前骨芽細胞が入り込む。前骨芽細胞は、内部空間Ｐに定着して、骨芽細胞（osteoblast）に分化する。そして、類骨（Osteoid）を形成し、さらに石灰化して骨を形成する。
　このように、フィクスチャー１０は、外表面１０Ｈのみならず、内部空間Ｐにも骨が形成されて、歯槽骨Ｈと結合する。
　特に、内部空間Ｐは、Ｚ方向に延びるため、内表面を拡大できる。したがって、フィクスチャー１０および歯科用インプラント１は、歯槽骨Ｈに対して高い骨結合を得ることができる。 [Operation of dental implant 1]
The fixture 10 includes an internal space P extending in the Z direction (embedding direction). The internal space P is infiltrated with blood containing cells responsible for bone formation. That is, the preosteoblast enters the internal space P. Preosteoblasts settle in the internal space P and differentiate into osteoblasts. Then, osteoids are formed and further calcified to form bones.
As described above, the fixture 10 has bones formed not only in the outer surface 10H but also in the internal space P and is combined with the alveolar bone H.
In particular, since the inner space P extends in the Z direction, the inner surface can be enlarged. Therefore, the fixture 10 and the dental implant 1 can obtain a high bone bond with the alveolar bone H.
　内部空間Ｐは、フィクスチャー１０の根端に開口する。このため、フィクスチャー１０を歯槽骨Ｈに埋め込むときに、内部空間Ｐに血液が浸潤しやすい。
　内部空間Ｐは、１０μｍ以上、５００μｍ以下の隙間に形成される。骨芽細胞は、２０～３０μｍ程度の立方体状の形状を有するので、内部空間Ｐに入り込むことができる。 The internal space P opens at the root end of the fixture 10. For this reason, when the fixture 10 is embedded in the alveolar bone H, blood tends to infiltrate the internal space P.
The internal space P is formed in a gap of 10 μm or more and 500 μm or less. Since the osteoblast has a cubic shape of about 20 to 30 μm, it can enter the internal space P.
　内部空間Ｐは、フィクスチャー１０の全長の１／３以上の長さを有する。内部空間Ｐは、フィクスチャー１０の全長の２／３以上の長さを有する。このため、内部空間Ｐの内表面を拡大できる。
　また、内部空間Ｐ１の先端側空間、内部空間Ｐ２の円環形空間（縦溝３６が形成する空間）は、中心軸Ｃ周りに均等配置される。内部空間Ｐ１の根端側空間、内部空間Ｐ２の長棒形空間（横溝３７が形成する空間）、内部空間Ｐ３は、中心軸Ｃに対して同心配置された環状に形成される。
　したがって、縦方向および周方向において、高い骨結合を得ることができる。 The internal space P has a length of 1/3 or more of the entire length of the fixture 10. The internal space P has a length that is 2/3 or more of the entire length of the fixture 10. For this reason, the inner surface of the internal space P can be enlarged.
Further, the front end side space of the internal space P1 and the annular space of the internal space P2 (the space formed by the vertical grooves 36) are equally arranged around the central axis C. The root end side space of the internal space P1, the long bar-shaped space of the internal space P2 (the space formed by the lateral grooves 37), and the internal space P3 are formed in an annular shape concentrically arranged with respect to the central axis C.
Therefore, a high bone joint can be obtained in the longitudinal direction and the circumferential direction.
　フィクスチャー１０は、ジルコニアを含むセラミックスからなるため、生体適合性が高く、患者の負担を軽減できる。
　内部空間Ｐを形成する内表面１０Ｎが粗面である。外表面１０Ｈが粗面である。このため、骨結合期間を短縮することができる。 Since the fixture 10 is made of ceramics containing zirconia, it has high biocompatibility and can reduce the burden on the patient.
The inner surface 10N that forms the internal space P is a rough surface. The outer surface 10H is a rough surface. For this reason, the bone bonding period can be shortened.
　フィクスチャー１０は、カバー部材９０（アバットメント４０）を中心穴１１に挿入することにより、内部空間Ｐ３を形成することができる。
　中心穴１１は、テーパー穴部２４とストレート穴部２５とを有するので、アバットメント４０との連結力を確保しつつ、内部空間Ｐ３を確保できる。 The fixture 10 can form an internal space P <b> 3 by inserting the cover member 90 (abutment 40) into the center hole 11.
Since the center hole 11 has the taper hole part 24 and the straight hole part 25, the internal space P3 can be ensured while ensuring the connection force with the abutment 40.
　フィクスチャー１０は、筒体１３に蓋体３１を挿入することにより、内部空間Ｐ２を形成することができる。蓋体３１は、縦溝３６を有するので、内部空間Ｐ２を確実に形成することができる。縦溝３６は、周方向に均等配置されるので、周方向において高い骨結合を得ることができる。
　フィクスチャー１０は、外筒１５に内筒２１を挿入することにより、内部空間Ｐ１を形成することができる。内筒２１は、一対の半筒形部材２１Ｌ，２１Ｒを向い合せてなるので、全面を粗面化しやすい。 The fixture 10 can form the internal space P <b> 2 by inserting the lid 31 into the cylinder 13. Since the lid body 31 has the longitudinal groove 36, the internal space P2 can be reliably formed. Since the longitudinal grooves 36 are evenly arranged in the circumferential direction, a high bone joint can be obtained in the circumferential direction.
The fixture 10 can form an internal space P <b> 1 by inserting the inner cylinder 21 into the outer cylinder 15. Since the inner cylinder 21 is formed by facing the pair of semi-cylindrical members 21L and 21R, the entire surface is easily roughened.
　フィクスチャー１０を構成する各部材（外筒１５、内筒２１、蓋体３１）は、ジルコニア粉末を射出成形したジルコニア成形体からなる。ジルコニア等のセラミックスは多結晶体であり、射出成形時のせん断力によって各結晶が流れ方向に配向する。これにより、ジルコニア成形体は、機械的強度の異方性を有する。つまり、外筒１５、内筒２１、蓋体３１は、金型内において粉末が流れる方向（machine direction）の機械的強度が高くなり、その直角方向（transverse direction）の機械的強度が低くなる。
　フィクスチャー１０は、機械的強度の異方性を有する部材を組み合わせているので、機械的強度の方向性が分散する。つまり、外筒１５、内筒２１、蓋体３１の異方性が打ち消されて、等方性に近づく。したがって、フィクスチャー１０は、従来のフィクスチャーに比べて機械的強度が高い。 Each member (the outer cylinder 15, the inner cylinder 21, and the lid body 31) constituting the fixture 10 is made of a zirconia molded body obtained by injection molding zirconia powder. Ceramics such as zirconia are polycrystalline, and each crystal is oriented in the flow direction by a shearing force during injection molding. Thereby, a zirconia molded object has the anisotropy of mechanical strength. That is, the outer cylinder 15, the inner cylinder 21, and the lid body 31 have high mechanical strength in the direction of powder flow (machine direction) in the mold, and low mechanical strength in the transverse direction.
Since the fixture 10 combines members having mechanical strength anisotropy, the directionality of the mechanical strength is dispersed. That is, the anisotropy of the outer cylinder 15, the inner cylinder 21, and the lid body 31 is cancelled, and isotropic is approached. Therefore, the fixture 10 has higher mechanical strength than the conventional fixture.
　外表面１０Ｈと内表面１０Ｎは、レーザ非熱加工により形成された指頭形状の絨毛体５５を多数有する。フィクスチャー１０は、外表面１０Ｈと内表面１０Ｎに、生体組織密着面５０を有する。
　前骨芽細胞や骨芽細胞の繁殖を促進して骨結合期間の短縮化を図るためである。生体組織密着面５０により、血液に接触する面（面積）が確実に拡大して、前骨芽細胞や骨芽細胞が侵入しやすくなり、高い骨結合が得られる。 The outer surface 10H and the inner surface 10N have a large number of fingertip-shaped villi 55 formed by laser non-thermal processing. The fixture 10 has a living tissue adhesion surface 50 on the outer surface 10H and the inner surface 10N.
This is because the proliferation of pre-osteoblasts and osteoblasts is promoted to shorten the bone bonding period. The surface (area) that comes into contact with the blood is surely enlarged by the living tissue adhesion surface 50, so that preosteoblasts and osteoblasts can easily enter, and high bone bonding is obtained.
　生体組織密着面５０は、小溝６０や大溝７０を多数有する。前骨芽細胞や骨芽細胞を生体組織密着面５０に定着（投錨）させやすくするためである。小溝６０や大溝７０の数を増やしたり、異なる大きさにしたり、交差させたりすることにより、前骨芽細胞や骨芽細胞に対して力学的な刺激（メカニカルストレス）を与えて、骨芽細胞への分化を促進することができる。
　特に、生体組織密着面５０は、スケールサイズが異なる複数の凹凸（ups and downs）を備える。つまり、ナノメートルサイズ（絨毛体５５）、シングルミクロンサイズ（小溝６０）、これらよりも大きなスケールサイズ（大溝７０）の凹凸を備える。これにより、前骨芽細胞に対して効果的に力学的な刺激を与えることができる。
　したがって、フィクスチャー１０と歯槽骨Ｈとの結合が従来に比べて強固になる。 The living tissue contact surface 50 has a large number of small grooves 60 and large grooves 70. This is to make it easier to fix (throw) the pre-osteoblasts or osteoblasts to the living tissue adhesion surface 50. By increasing the number of small grooves 60 and large grooves 70, making them different sizes, or crossing them, a mechanical stimulus is applied to the pre-osteoblasts and osteoblasts, and osteoblasts Differentiation into can be promoted.
In particular, the living tissue adhesion surface 50 includes a plurality of ups and downs having different scale sizes. That is, it has irregularities of nanometer size (villus 55), single micron size (small groove 60), and larger scale size (large groove 70) than these. Thereby, a mechanical stimulus can be effectively applied to the preosteoblasts.
Therefore, the bond between the fixture 10 and the alveolar bone H becomes stronger than the conventional one.
　フィクスチャー１０は、歯槽骨Ｈに対して高い骨結合を有するので、外表面１０Ｈに埋入用スレッドを有しないシリンダ型にすることができる。歯槽骨Ｈを歯槽骨Ｈにねじりこむ必要がないので、患者の負担が軽減できる。
　カバー部材９０は、フィクスチャー１０を歯槽骨Ｈに埋入したときに用いる部材であり、歯槽骨Ｈと結合しない熱可塑性樹脂からなる。このため、カバー部材９０には、骨は形成されない。また、軸部９２と軸部４２は同一形状であるため、カバー部材９０をアバットメント４０に交換しても、内部空間Ｐ３に形成された骨を維持できる。 Since the fixture 10 has a high bone bond with the alveolar bone H, the fixture 10 can be a cylinder type that does not have an embedding thread on the outer surface 10H. Since it is not necessary to twist the alveolar bone H into the alveolar bone H, the burden on the patient can be reduced.
The cover member 90 is a member used when the fixture 10 is embedded in the alveolar bone H, and is made of a thermoplastic resin that is not bonded to the alveolar bone H. For this reason, no bone is formed on the cover member 90. Further, since the shaft portion 92 and the shaft portion 42 have the same shape, the bone formed in the internal space P3 can be maintained even if the cover member 90 is replaced with the abutment 40.
　アバットメント４０の外表面にも生体組織密着面５０を形成してもよい。アバットメント４０の外表面は、縮径軸部４４の外周面４４ｃと本体部４１の外周面（歯肉マージン４１ｃ）である。
　外周面４４ｃを粗面化して、内部空間Ｐ３に形成された骨と結合させる。歯肉マージン４１ｃを粗面化して、歯茎Ｓの癒着性を高めて、細菌の侵入を阻止する。 The biological tissue adhesion surface 50 may also be formed on the outer surface of the abutment 40. The outer surface of the abutment 40 is an outer peripheral surface 44c of the reduced diameter shaft portion 44 and an outer peripheral surface of the main body portion 41 (gingival margin 41c).
The outer peripheral surface 44c is roughened and combined with the bone formed in the internal space P3. The gingival margin 41c is roughened to enhance the adhesion of the gum S and prevent bacteria from entering.
　生体組織密着面５０は、生体組織に密着する領域に形成される。生体組織に密着する領域であれば、１箇所であってもよいし、複数箇所であってもよい。粗面化される領域の面積は、任意である。
　外表面１０Ｈや内表面１０Ｎのほぼ全面に生体組織密着面５０を形成してもよい。外筒１５の内周面１５ｄに生体組織密着面５０等の粗面を形成してもよい。
　歯槽骨Ｈに密着する領域全面に亘って粗面化してもよい。歯茎Ｓに密着する領域（先端面１０ａ）は、全面に亘って粗面化してもよい。
　先端面１０ａ（先端面２１ａ）は、表面性状（表面粗さ）が異なっていてもよい。先端面１０ａには歯茎Ｓを癒着させるためである。
　歯肉マージン４１ｃには歯茎Ｓを癒着させるため、先端面１０ａと同一の表面性状（表面粗さ）に形成する。 The living tissue contact surface 50 is formed in a region that is in close contact with the living tissue. As long as the region is in close contact with the living tissue, there may be one place or a plurality of places. The area of the roughened region is arbitrary.
The biological tissue adhesion surface 50 may be formed on almost the entire outer surface 10H or inner surface 10N. A rough surface such as the living tissue contact surface 50 may be formed on the inner peripheral surface 15 d of the outer cylinder 15.
You may roughen over the whole area | region which closely_contact | adheres to the alveolar bone H. FIG. The region (tip surface 10a) in close contact with the gum S may be roughened over the entire surface.
The tip surface 10a (tip surface 21a) may have different surface properties (surface roughness). This is because the gum S is adhered to the distal end surface 10a.
The gum margin 41c is formed to have the same surface properties (surface roughness) as the distal end surface 10a in order to adhere the gum S.
　外筒１５、内筒２１および蓋体３１において、互いに密着や嵌合し合う面（先端面１５ａ等）には、生体組織密着面５０等の粗面を任意に形成できる。 In the outer cylinder 15, the inner cylinder 21 and the lid 31, a rough surface such as the living tissue adhesion surface 50 can be arbitrarily formed on the surfaces (tip surface 15 a and the like) that are in close contact with each other.
　小溝６０と大溝７０の断面形状は、半円弧形に形成される。断面形状は、三角形（二等辺三角形）や矩形等であってもよい。
　小溝６０と大溝７０のそれぞれは、長手方向にわたって均一な幅にしてもよいし、異なる幅にしてもよい。長手方向にわたって均一な深さにしてもよいし、それぞれ異なる深さにしてもよい。複数の小溝６０、大溝７０は、均一な幅にしてもよいし、それぞれ異なる幅にしてもよい。均一な深さにしてもよいし、異なる深さにしてもよい。
　小溝６０と大溝７０の数は任意である。小溝６０と大溝７０は、直線に限らず、曲線であってもよい。隣接する小溝６０同士、大溝７０同士は、できるだけ隙間なく配置されることが好ましい。小溝６０と大溝７０の延在方向は、フィクスチャー１０の縦方向に対して任意の角度である。 The cross-sectional shapes of the small groove 60 and the large groove 70 are formed in a semicircular arc shape. The cross-sectional shape may be a triangle (isosceles triangle), a rectangle, or the like.
Each of the small groove 60 and the large groove 70 may have a uniform width or a different width in the longitudinal direction. The depth may be uniform over the longitudinal direction or different depths. The plurality of small grooves 60 and large grooves 70 may have a uniform width or different widths. The depth may be uniform or different.
The number of the small grooves 60 and the large grooves 70 is arbitrary. The small groove 60 and the large groove 70 are not limited to straight lines but may be curved. It is preferable that the adjacent small grooves 60 and the large grooves 70 are arranged with no gap as much as possible. The extending direction of the small groove 60 and the large groove 70 is an arbitrary angle with respect to the vertical direction of the fixture 10.
　生体組織密着面５１～５４は、外表面１０Ｈや内表面１０Ｎに混在してもよい。生体組織密着面５１～５４のうちのいずれか一つ以上が形成されていればよい。 The living tissue contact surfaces 51 to 54 may be mixed on the outer surface 10H or the inner surface 10N. Any one or more of the living tissue contact surfaces 51 to 54 may be formed.
　生体組織密着面５０において、小溝６０と大溝７０の配置は任意に設定できる。例えば、複数の大溝７０を格子状に配置し、さらに複数の小溝６０を格子状に配置（交差または重畳）してもよい。複数の大溝７０を並列に配置し、さらに複数の小溝６０を格子状に配置（交差または重畳）してもよい。複数の小溝６０のみを格子状に配置してもよい。 The arrangement of the small groove 60 and the large groove 70 can be arbitrarily set on the living tissue adhesion surface 50. For example, a plurality of large grooves 70 may be arranged in a lattice shape, and a plurality of small grooves 60 may be arranged in a lattice shape (crossing or overlapping). A plurality of large grooves 70 may be arranged in parallel, and a plurality of small grooves 60 may be arranged in a lattice pattern (intersecting or overlapping). Only the plurality of small grooves 60 may be arranged in a lattice shape.
　フィクスチャー１０とアバットメント４０にそれぞれ生体組織密着面５０を形成することにより、歯科用インプラント１の人体に対する結合がより強固になる。
　生体組織密着面５０は、フィクスチャー１０のみに形成する場合であってもよい。 By forming the biological tissue adhesion surface 50 on each of the fixture 10 and the abutment 40, the bond of the dental implant 1 to the human body becomes stronger.
The biological tissue adhesion surface 50 may be formed only on the fixture 10.
　本発明の技術範囲は、上述した実施形態に限定されるものではない。本発明の趣旨を逸脱しない範囲において、上述した実施形態に種々の変更を加えたものを含む。実施形態で挙げた具体的な材料や層構成などはほんの一例に過ぎず、適宜変更が可能である。 The technical scope of the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment. In the range which does not deviate from the meaning of this invention, what added the various change to embodiment mentioned above is included. The specific materials and layer configurations described in the embodiments are merely examples, and can be changed as appropriate.
　上述した実施形態では、歯槽骨Ｈに形成した穴（穿孔）に埋め込まれて固定される歯科用インプラント１とフィクスチャー１０について説明したが、これに限らない。
　本発明のインプラントおよびフィクスチャーは、人工骨や骨補填材であってもよい。人工骨や骨補填材は、骨折や腫瘍の切除などで生じた骨の欠損した部分又は腰椎手術で取り除いた軟骨などを補うために用いられる。
　本発明のインプラントおよびフィクスチャーは、人工関節の部材、骨折部位の固定に使用する骨接合材料、脊椎の固定器具等であってもよい。 In the above-described embodiment, the dental implant 1 and the fixture 10 that are embedded and fixed in a hole (perforation) formed in the alveolar bone H have been described, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
The implant and fixture of the present invention may be an artificial bone or a bone substitute material. Artificial bones and bone prosthetic materials are used to supplement bone-deleted parts caused by fractures or tumor resections or cartilage removed by lumbar spine surgery.
The implant and fixture of the present invention may be a member of an artificial joint, an osteosynthesis material used for fixing a fracture site, a spinal fixation device, or the like.
　上述した実施形態では、歯科用インプラント１を構成する生体適合性セラミックス材料として、ジルコニア（酸化ジルコニウム）の場合について説明したが、ジルコニアとカーボンや樹脂やガラス等を組み合わせたものであってもよい。ジルコニア（酸化ジルコニウム）は、歯科用インプラント１の体積比において５０％以上含まれていればよい。例えば、ジルコニア（酸化ジルコニウム）は、インプラントの体積比において９０％以上含まれる。
　生体適合性セラミックス材料として、アルミナ（酸化アルミニウム）や酸化イットリウム、酸化ハフニウム、酸化シリコーン、酸化マグネシウム、酸化セリウム等を採用してもよい。
　本発明のインプラントとフィクスチャーは、金属や合金により構成されてもよい。金属や合金は、銅、チタン、チタン合金等である。
　本発明のインプラントとフィクスチャーは、樹脂、シリコン、複合素材等により構成されてもよい。 In the embodiment described above, the case of zirconia (zirconium oxide) as the biocompatible ceramic material constituting the dental implant 1 has been described, but a combination of zirconia and carbon, resin, glass, or the like may be used. Zirconia (zirconium oxide) may be contained by 50% or more in the volume ratio of the dental implant 1. For example, zirconia (zirconium oxide) is contained 90% or more in the volume ratio of the implant.
As the biocompatible ceramic material, alumina (aluminum oxide), yttrium oxide, hafnium oxide, silicone oxide, magnesium oxide, cerium oxide, or the like may be employed.
The implant and fixture of the present invention may be made of metal or alloy. The metal or alloy is copper, titanium, titanium alloy, or the like.
The implant and fixture of the present invention may be made of resin, silicon, composite material, or the like.
　１　歯科用インプラント　　１０　フィクスチャー　　１０Ｈ　外表面　　１０Ｎ　内表面　　１１　中心穴　　１３　筒体　　１５　外筒　　１５ｂ　根端面　　１５ｃ　外周面　　２１　内筒　　２１Ｌ，２１Ｒ　半筒形部材　　２１ａ　先端面　　２１ｂ　根端面　　２１ｄ　内周面　　２２ｃ　外周面　　２３ｃ　外周面　　２４　テーパー穴部（第一穴部）　　２５　ストレート穴部（第二穴部）　　３１　蓋体　　３１ｂ　蓋外面　　３１ｄ　蓋内面　　３６　縦溝　　３６ｃ　縦溝内面　　４０　アバットメント　　５０，５１～５３，５４　生体組織密着面　　６０　小溝（第一溝）　　７０　大溝（第二溝）　　９０　カバー部材（連結部材）　　Ｐ，Ｐ１，Ｐ２，Ｐ３　内部空間　　Ｐ１ｋ　開口　　Ｐ２ｋ　開口　　Ｃ　中心軸　　Ｈ　歯槽骨　　Ｓ　歯茎　　
  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Dental implant 10 Fixture 10H Outer surface 10N Inner surface 11 Center hole 13 Cylinder 15 Outer cylinder 15b Root end surface 15c Outer peripheral surface 21 Inner cylinder 21L, 21R Semi-cylindrical member 21a Tip surface 21b Root end surface 21d Inner peripheral surface 22c Outer periphery Surface 23c Outer peripheral surface 24 Tapered hole (first hole) 25 Straight hole (second hole) 31 Lid 31b Lid outer surface 31d Lid inner surface 36 Vertical groove 36c Vertical groove inner surface 40 Abutments 50, 51 to 53, 54 Living tissue adhesion surface 60 Small groove (first groove) 70 Large groove (second groove) 90 Cover member (connection member) P, P1, P2, P3 Internal space P1k opening P2k opening C Central axis H Alveolar bone S Gingival

Claims (29)

  1. 　骨に埋め込まれるフィクスチャーであって、
    　埋め込み方向に延びて、血液が浸潤する内部空間を備えるフィクスチャー。     A fixture embedded in a bone,
    A fixture that has an internal space that extends in the embedding direction and infiltrate blood.
  2. 　前記内部空間は、根端に開口する請求項１に記載のフィクスチャー。 The fixture according to claim 1, wherein the internal space opens at a root end.
  3. 　前記内部空間は、１０μｍ以上、５００μｍ以下の隙間に形成される請求項１または２に記載のフィクスチャー。 The fixture according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the internal space is formed in a gap of 10 µm or more and 500 µm or less.
  4. 　前記内部空間は、全長の１／３以上の長さを有する請求項１から３のうちいずれか一項に記載のフィクスチャー。 The fixture according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the internal space has a length of 1/3 or more of the entire length.
  5. 　前記内部空間は、中心軸周りに均等配置される請求項１から４のうちいずれか一項に記載のフィクスチャー。 The fixture according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the internal space is equally arranged around a central axis.
  6. 　前記内部空間は、中心軸に対して同心配置された環状に形成される請求項１から４のうちいずれか一項に記載のフィクスチャー。 The fixture according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the internal space is formed in an annular shape concentrically arranged with respect to a central axis.
  7. 　先端面に開口して連結部材が挿入される中心穴に、前記内部空間が形成される請求項１から６のうちいずれか一項に記載のフィクスチャー。 The fixture according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the internal space is formed in a central hole that opens to a front end surface and into which the connecting member is inserted.
  8. 　前記中心穴は、先端側に配置されて前記連結部材が密着する第一穴部と、根端側に配置されて前記連結部材との間に前記内部空間を形成する第二穴部と、を有する請求項７に記載のフィクスチャー。 The center hole includes a first hole portion that is disposed on a distal end side and the connection member is in close contact with, and a second hole portion that is disposed on a root end side and forms the internal space with the connection member. The fixture according to claim 7.
  9. 　筒体と、
    　前記筒体の根端に密着すると共に、前記筒体の内側に配置される蓋体と、
    を備え、
    　前記筒体と前記蓋体の間に前記内部空間が形成される請求項１から８のうちいずれか一項に記載のフィクスチャー。     A cylinder,
    A lid that is in close contact with the root end of the cylinder and is disposed inside the cylinder;
    With
    The fixture according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the internal space is formed between the cylinder and the lid.
  10. 　前記蓋体は、前記内部空間を形成する縦溝を有する請求項９に記載のフィクスチャー。 10. The fixture according to claim 9, wherein the lid has a longitudinal groove that forms the internal space.
  11. 　前記縦溝は、中心軸周りに均等配置される請求項１０に記載のフィクスチャー。 The fixture according to claim 10, wherein the longitudinal grooves are evenly arranged around a central axis.
  12. 　前記筒体は、
    　外筒と、
    　前記外筒の内側に配置される内筒と、
    を備え、
    　前記外筒と前記内筒の間に前記内部空間が形成される請求項９から１１のうちいずれか一項に記載のフィクスチャー。     The cylinder is
    An outer cylinder,
    An inner cylinder disposed inside the outer cylinder;
    With
    The fixture according to any one of claims 9 to 11, wherein the internal space is formed between the outer cylinder and the inner cylinder.
  13. 　前記内筒は、一対の半筒形部材を向い合せてなる請求項１２に記載のフィクスチャー。 The fixture according to claim 12, wherein the inner cylinder is formed by facing a pair of semi-cylindrical members.
  14. 　セラミックスからなる請求項１から１３のうちいずれか一項に記載のフィクスチャー。 The fixture according to any one of claims 1 to 13, which is made of ceramics.
  15. 　ジルコニアを含む請求項１４に記載のフィクスチャー。 The fixture according to claim 14 containing zirconia.
  16. 　前記内部空間を形成する内表面が粗面である請求項１から１５のうちいずれか一項に記載のフィクスチャー。 The fixture according to any one of claims 1 to 15, wherein an inner surface forming the internal space is a rough surface.
  17. 　外表面が粗面である請求項１から１６のうちいずれか一項に記載のフィクスチャー。 The fixture according to any one of claims 1 to 16, wherein the outer surface is a rough surface.
  18. 　前記粗面は、レーザ非熱加工により形成された指頭形状の絨毛体を多数有する請求項１６または１７に記載のフィクスチャー。 The fixture according to claim 16 or 17, wherein the rough surface has a large number of fingertip-shaped villi formed by laser non-thermal processing.
  19. 　前記粗面は、幅が１μｍ以上、５０μｍ以下の第一溝を多数有する請求項１６から１８のうちいずれか一項に記載のフィクスチャー。 The fixture according to any one of claims 16 to 18, wherein the rough surface has a number of first grooves having a width of 1 µm or more and 50 µm or less.
  20. 　前記第一溝は、深さが１μｍ以上、２０μｍ以下である請求項１９に記載のフィクスチャー。 The fixture according to claim 19, wherein the first groove has a depth of 1 μm or more and 20 μm or less.
  21. 　前記粗面は、幅が１０μｍ以上、５００μｍ以下の第二溝を多数有する請求項１６から２０のうちいずれか一項に記載のフィクスチャー。 21. The fixture according to any one of claims 16 to 20, wherein the rough surface has a number of second grooves having a width of 10 μm or more and 500 μm or less.
  22. 　前記第二溝は、深さが５μｍ以上、５００μｍ以下である請求項２１に記載のフィクスチャー。 The fixture according to claim 21, wherein the second groove has a depth of 5 µm or more and 500 µm or less.
  23. 　外表面に埋入用スレッドを有しないシリンダ型である請求項１から２２のうちいずれか一項に記載のフィクスチャー。 23. The fixture according to any one of claims 1 to 22, which is a cylinder type having no thread for embedding on an outer surface.
  24. 　前記連結部材は、骨に埋入したときに用いられるカバー部材であり、
    　前記カバー部材は、骨と結合しない材料からなる請求項７または８に記載のフィクスチャー。     The connecting member is a cover member used when embedded in bone,
    The fixture according to claim 7 or 8, wherein the cover member is made of a material that is not bonded to bone.
  25. 　請求項１から２４のうちいずれか一項に記載のフィクスチャーと、
    　前記フィクスチャーに連結するアバットメントと、
    を備えるインプラント。     A fixture according to any one of claims 1 to 24;
    An abutment connected to the fixture;
    An implant comprising:
  26. 　前記アバットメントは、セラミックスからなる請求項２５に記載のインプラント。 The implant according to claim 25, wherein the abutment is made of ceramics.
  27. 　ジルコニアを含む請求項２６に記載のインプラント。 The implant according to claim 26, comprising zirconia.
  28. 　外表面が粗面である請求項２５から２７のうちいずれか一項に記載のインプラント。 The implant according to any one of claims 25 to 27, wherein the outer surface is a rough surface.
  29. 　前記粗面は、レーザ非熱加工により形成された指頭形状の絨毛体を多数有する請求項２８に記載のインプラント。
          The implant according to claim 28, wherein the rough surface has a large number of fingertip-shaped villi formed by laser non-thermal processing.
PCT/JP2018/014384 2017-04-10 2018-04-04 Fixture, implant WO2018190217A1 (en)

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Citations (3)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2001506524A (en) * 1996-12-18 2001-05-22 エスカ・インプランツ・ゲーエムベーハー・ウント・コンパニー Preventive implant to prevent fractures of bones affected by osteoporosis
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JP2001506524A (en) * 1996-12-18 2001-05-22 エスカ・インプランツ・ゲーエムベーハー・ウント・コンパニー Preventive implant to prevent fractures of bones affected by osteoporosis
JP2005342157A (en) * 2004-06-02 2005-12-15 Osamu Kosaka Dental implant
JP2008295507A (en) * 2007-05-29 2008-12-11 Katsunari Nishihara Artificial socket bone

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