WO2018188008A1 - Bearing steel and preparation method therefor - Google Patents

Bearing steel and preparation method therefor Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018188008A1
WO2018188008A1 PCT/CN2017/080351 CN2017080351W WO2018188008A1 WO 2018188008 A1 WO2018188008 A1 WO 2018188008A1 CN 2017080351 W CN2017080351 W CN 2017080351W WO 2018188008 A1 WO2018188008 A1 WO 2018188008A1
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Prior art keywords
equal
less
rolling
bearing steel
steel
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PCT/CN2017/080351
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French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
王宇远
张成连
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龙南日升昌新材料研发有限公司
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Priority to PCT/CN2017/080351 priority Critical patent/WO2018188008A1/en
Publication of WO2018188008A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018188008A1/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C37/00—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape
    • B21C37/04—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape of bars or wire
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
    • C22C33/04—Making ferrous alloys by melting
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/42—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with copper
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of new materials technology, in particular to a bearing steel and a preparation method thereof.
  • China's precision machine tools, metallurgical equipment, heavy equipment, high-end vehicles and other traditional major equipment and wind power, high-speed railway and aerospace and other emerging strategic industries are important pillar industries of China's industrial system, in which bearings are very critical components, their service life And the level of reliability determines the performance of the host to a certain extent.
  • many high-end fields such as aviation, aerospace, transportation, energy (wind power, solar power, nuclear power) and marine engineering, have put forward many new requirements for the bearings used, and their use range is also expanding.
  • the atomic energy industry needs to be resistant to corrosion, radiation and non-magnetic. Such special requirements, therefore need to use stainless steel bearings or non-magnetic corrosion-resistant stainless steel bearing steel; various military products are also inseparable from bearings, such as aircraft, warships, missiles, radar, tanks and other modern weapons are inseparable from bearings These bearings need to be manufactured with a variety of different bearing materials. It can be said that the application of the bearing field is more and more extensive and more and more important. The types and properties of the special bearing steels that are already available are far from meeting their needs. Therefore, it is necessary to vigorously develop new high-life bearing steels to meet the development of the bearing industry. Summing technological progress and the needs of the defense industry too, to guarantee the development of science and technology and defense industry in our country plays a very important role.
  • the bearing life of foreign automobile gearboxes is at least 500,000 km, and the domestic similar bearing life is about 100,000 km, and the reliability and stability are poor.
  • Foreign bearing high speed performance index Dn value It can reach 3.3 ⁇ 106, while the highest level of similar products in China does not exceed 2.5 ⁇ 106; the bearings for high-speed railways all rely on imports at present, and each of Europe and Japan is 50%, which restricts the further development of China's high-speed rail technology. Therefore, the key bearings produced in China and the bearings produced in advanced countries such as Japan, Europe and the United States have a large gap in service life, reliability, Dn value and bearing capacity, which has become a bottleneck restricting the development of China's equipment manufacturing industry.
  • the invention solves the technical problem by adopting the following technical solution: a bearing steel whose components are in weight percentage:
  • Pb less than or equal to 0.0020%
  • the balance is Fe.
  • the weight percentage of the C is 0.76-0.80%.
  • the weight percentage of the Cr is 1.50 to 1.55%.
  • the weight percentage of the Mn is 0.35-0.40%.
  • the present invention solves the technical problem by adopting the following technical solution: a method for preparing bearing steel, which comprises the following steps:
  • the bearing steel of the invention has a significantly different chemical composition than the conventional GCr15 steel, reduces the carbon content, and increases the microalloying elements: five elements of Ni, Mo, Cu, bismuth and aluminum, Its technical quality index is significantly improved compared with the traditional GCr15 steel, and the service life is doubled.
  • This embodiment provides a high life (XWLNXP001 high-life bearing for the rolling mill guide bearing life can reach 10-12 hours, compared with the original GCr15 rolling mill bearing life 4-6 time ratio, doubled) bearing steel , the components of which are in weight percent:
  • Pb less than or equal to 0.0020%
  • the balance is Fe.
  • the key to the design of high-life bearing steel materials is to ensure high elastic limit, tensile strength and contact fatigue strength, high hardenability and necessary hardenability to ensure high wear resistance and certain impact toughness; good size Stability or tissue stability; resistant to chemical corrosion; can effectively reduce the phenomenon of material fatigue flaking, jamming, ferrule breakage, wear, rust and so on.
  • Control range of carbon composition Carbon is an important element affecting the performance of steel, and it is one of the important elements to ensure that bearing steel can have sufficient hardenability, hardness value and wear resistance.
  • the carbon strengthening effect is very high, the carbon content in the steel increases, the yield point and tensile strength increase, but the toughness is significantly reduced.
  • the alloy is reduced while reducing the carbon.
  • the carbon content can be controlled to be 0.76 to 0.80% by weight.
  • the middle and lower limit control reduces the carbon segregation of the slab and improves the uniformity of the carbide.
  • chrome is a carbide forming element, the main function is to improve the hardenability and corrosion resistance of steel, and can improve the strength, hardness, wear resistance, elastic limit And the yield limit. It can significantly change the distribution of carbides in steel grades and the size of the particles, so that the tendency of annealing and aggregation of chromium-containing cementite-type carbides (Fe ⁇ Cr) 3 ⁇ C becomes smaller, and the carbides of bearing steel become smaller and evenly distributed. And expand the temperature range of spheroidizing annealing. Chromium also reduces the tendency of steel to overheat and surface decarburization.
  • Cr is designed from 1.40 to 1.60%, and more preferably, the chromium content can be controlled to 1.50 to 1.55%, which can increase the hardenability and wear resistance of steel, improve dimensional stability or structural stability, and improve steel. Corrosion resistance and oxidation resistance; and can prevent excessive chromium content from easily forming large carbides.
  • the bearing steel of the embodiment is designed to have the content of Mn as needed.
  • the content of Mn can be controlled to 0.35 to 0.40%, to ensure the amount of retained austenite in the bearing steel, to stabilize the steel overheat sensitivity, crack tendency Sexuality and dimensional stability.
  • the elements Cr and Mn in the steel increase the temper brittleness sensitivity of the material at 250-450 °C, that is, the brittle transition temperature rises, and the impact value and fracture toughness value of the toughness breakage decrease, in order to reduce the adverse effects of manganese, It is necessary to increase the Mo element content in the range of 0.02 to 0.05% by weight, improve the hardenability and tempering stability, refine the annealed structure, reduce the quenching deformation, improve the fatigue strength, and improve the mechanical properties.
  • Ni content is designed to be 0.05-0.09% by weight.
  • Ni is the most effective alloying element for improving the toughness of steel.
  • the mechanism of toughening is to make the material matrix itself easy to cross-slip at low temperature. No matter what kind of structure, Ni is added. Improves toughness.
  • the design control interval of Ni+Mo+Cu element is 0.15-0.19%, which can obtain better comprehensive corrosion resistance than Cu+Ni. Therefore, the design of Cu is 0.02-0.08%, and the corrosion resistance of steel is enhanced.
  • the Al content is designed to be 0.005-0.020%, which can avoid the problem of low grain coarsening temperature and coarse grain structure, and form enough fine dispersion of refractory compound -AlN and fine and dispersed carbon in the steel.
  • the nitride V(C, N) together prevents the austenite grain growth, and the grain size level can be increased to ⁇ 8.5, which is 0.5 grade higher than the GCr15 grain size under GB/T18254-2002.
  • the rare earth lanthanum is designed according to 0.005-0.030%, so that the residual inclusions in the steel are spheroidized by the rare earth ruthenium to refine the crystal grains and improve the service life of the bearing steel.
  • the bearing steel of this embodiment can improve the comprehensive mechanical performance of the original GCr15 steel, especially the grade of carbide (mesh, etc.) in the steel, thereby meeting the needs of the bearing steel in terms of high life and high reliability.
  • the bearing steel of this embodiment increases the Ni, Mo, Cu, and antimony elements on the basis of the conventional bearing steel GCr15 material, reduces the carbon content, and strictly controls the Al content range, and passes through the converter or electric furnace + LF+VD or RH+ Die casting or continuous casting ⁇ heating ⁇ rolling ⁇ slow cooling ⁇ finishing ⁇ secondary heating ⁇ secondary rolling ⁇ slow cooling ⁇ finishing cleaning ⁇ flaw detection ⁇ cleaning, inspection ⁇ turn-up method preparation, so that the bearing steel can Meet the following performance requirements:
  • the hardness is (HRC) 62 ⁇ 64;
  • the looseness, general looseness and segregation of the low-magnification center are rated according to the first, second and third levels of GB/T18254-2002, respectively, and should not be greater than 1.0, and general speckle-like segregation is not allowed. And spotted segregation.
  • non-metallic inclusions (1) Conventional non-metallic inclusions are evaluated according to the fourth level diagram of Appendix A of GB/T18254-2002, DS is assessed according to ISO 4967, and the assessment results are to comply with Table 1.
  • TiN inclusions with side length ⁇ 19 ⁇ m or 1 side length ⁇ 19 ⁇ m are not allowed in one field of view.
  • carbide non-uniformity (1) Carbide strip shape, according to the 8th level diagram of Appendix A of GB/T 18254-2002, the qualification level is not more than 2.0. (2) Carbide liquid analysis, according to the level 9 map of Appendix A of GB/T 18254-2002, the qualification level is not Greater than 1.0.
  • the development and production of the bearing steel of this embodiment is a direction of the development of bearing steel at home and abroad, which can accelerate the shortening of the gap between the variety and quality of bearing steel in China and foreign countries. After domestic industrialization, it can replace imports to a certain extent. It is used in the fields of engine bearings, military and precision mechanical bearings of various well-known brands, and has excellent market prospects.
  • This embodiment provides a method for producing high-life bearing steel, which includes:
  • the steel ingot or continuous casting billet before the blanking is homogenized and kept at a temperature of 1220-1250 ° C, the high temperature diffusion time is more than 6 hours, and the steel is slowly cooled for 60 hours after rolling; the heating temperature before the secondary wire rolling is 1160 to 1200 ° C.
  • the soaking section heat preservation temperature is 1160-1180 ° C, the holding time is more than 110 minutes; the total heating time is more than 330 minutes.
  • the high-life bearing steel (XWLNXP002) of the invention is obtained by spheroidizing isothermal annealing to obtain a spherical pearlite structure, wherein the cementite is spherical particles dispersed on the ferrite matrix, and the hardness is not only compared with the flaky pearlite.
  • Low, easy to cut, and austenite grains are not easy to grow during quenching and heating, and the workpiece is not easily deformed and cracked during cooling.
  • the main index of the high-life bearing steel of the invention is obviously higher than the GCr15 material standard specified in GB/T 18245-2002, and the main index pairs are shown in Table 2.
  • Phase change point T liquid Ac1(Ar1) Ac3 (Ar3) Ms temperature 1458 762 ° C (698 ° C) 902 ° C (712 ° C) 171
  • the performance is tested.
  • the sampling quantity, sampling location and inspection method are as shown in Table 5 below.
  • Table 5 sample quantity, sampling location and test method
  • the liquidus temperature of the bearing steel in combination with the present embodiment was 1458 ° C, and the allowable heating temperature was at most 1258 ° C. Because the over-burning temperature of steel is 50-100 ° C lower than the melting point, the superheating temperature is 150-200 ° C lower than the melting point, so the maximum temperature of heating and holding of steel should generally be lower than the melting point (or Below the state diagram solidus temperature) 200 ° C.
  • the high temperature homogenization temperature of the steel ingot or continuous casting billet of the bearing steel must be controlled within the temperature range of 1220-1250 °C, the holding time is 6-8 hours, and the pit is cooled after rolling to prevent surface cracking of the billet. Surface cleaning after rolling.
  • the bearing steel of the present embodiment is substantially different from the chemical composition of the GCr15 material under the condition of GB/T18254-2002, and elements such as Ni, Mo, Cu, bismuth are added, and the Al content is designed and the comprehensive properties of the steel are Significantly improved, the test results are as follows:
  • Table 6 shows the situation of low magnification

Abstract

Disclosed is a bearing steel, with the components thereof in percentage by weight being: C: 0.75-0.85％; Si: 0.15-0.35％; Mn: 0.25-0.40％; Cr: 1.40-1.60％; Ni: 0.05-0.09％; Mo: 0.02-0.08％; Al: 0.005-0.020％; Cu: 0.02-0.08％; Ce: 0.005-0.03％; P: less than or equal to 0.010％; S: less than or equal to 0.008％; Ti: less than or equal to 0.0020％; O: less than or equal to 0.0008％; As: less than or equal to 0.012％; Sn: less than or equal to 0.002％; Sb: less than or equal to 0.0050％; Pb: less than or equal to 0.0020％; Ca: less than or equal to 0.0010％; and the balance being Fe. Further disclosed is a method for preparing the bearing steel.

Description

轴承钢及其制备方法Bearing steel and preparation method thereof 技术领域Technical field
本发明涉及新材料技术领域，尤其涉及一种轴承钢及其制备方法。The invention relates to the field of new materials technology, in particular to a bearing steel and a preparation method thereof.
背景技术Background technique
我国精密机床、冶金设备、重型装备、高端汽车等传统重大装备和风力发电、高速铁路及航空航天等新兴战略产业等是我国工业体系的重要支柱产业，其中轴承是非常关键的部件，其使用寿命和可靠性的高低在一定程度上决定了主机性能的优劣。随着我国科学技术的飞速发展，在许多高端领域，如航空、航天、交通、能源(风电、太阳能、核电)、海洋工程对所用轴承提出了许多新的要求，其使用范围也不断扩大，因此，对所使用的轴承材料新的性能和质量上也提出了更多的要求，如航空发动机轴承需要在高温条件下工作，因此需要高温轴承制造；原子能工业需要采用抗腐蚀、耐照射以及无磁性等特殊要求，因此需要采用不锈轴承或无磁耐腐蚀不锈轴承钢材制造；各种军工产品也与轴承密不可分，如飞机、军舰、导弹、雷达、坦克大炮等现代化武器均离不开轴承，这些轴承都需要采用各种不同的轴承材料来制造，可以说轴承领域的应用越来越广泛，也越来越重要，目前已经有的特种轴承钢的种类和性能已远远不能满足其需求，因此，必须大力度研发新型高寿命轴承钢以满足轴承工业发展的需求和科技进步以及过国防工业的需求，对保障我国科学技术和国防工业的发展起着非常重要作用。China's precision machine tools, metallurgical equipment, heavy equipment, high-end vehicles and other traditional major equipment and wind power, high-speed railway and aerospace and other emerging strategic industries are important pillar industries of China's industrial system, in which bearings are very critical components, their service life And the level of reliability determines the performance of the host to a certain extent. With the rapid development of science and technology in China, many high-end fields, such as aviation, aerospace, transportation, energy (wind power, solar power, nuclear power) and marine engineering, have put forward many new requirements for the bearings used, and their use range is also expanding. There are also more requirements for the new performance and quality of the bearing materials used. For example, aero-engine bearings need to work under high temperature conditions, so high-temperature bearing manufacturing is required. The atomic energy industry needs to be resistant to corrosion, radiation and non-magnetic. Such special requirements, therefore need to use stainless steel bearings or non-magnetic corrosion-resistant stainless steel bearing steel; various military products are also inseparable from bearings, such as aircraft, warships, missiles, radar, tanks and other modern weapons are inseparable from bearings These bearings need to be manufactured with a variety of different bearing materials. It can be said that the application of the bearing field is more and more extensive and more and more important. The types and properties of the special bearing steels that are already available are far from meeting their needs. Therefore, it is necessary to vigorously develop new high-life bearing steels to meet the development of the bearing industry. Summing technological progress and the needs of the defense industry too, to guarantee the development of science and technology and defense industry in our country plays a very important role.
国外汽车齿轮箱用轴承使用寿命最低50万公里，国内同类轴承寿命约10万公里，且可靠性稳定性差。国外轴承高速性能指数Dn值 可达到3.3×106，而我国同类产品最高不超过2.5×106；高速铁路用轴承目前国内轴承全部依靠进口，欧、日各50％，制约了我国高铁技术的进一步发展。因此，我国生产的关键轴承与日本、欧美国等先进国家生产的轴承在使用寿命、可靠性、Dn值与承载能力等方面存在较大的差距，已经成为制约我国装备制造业发展的瓶颈。The bearing life of foreign automobile gearboxes is at least 500,000 km, and the domestic similar bearing life is about 100,000 km, and the reliability and stability are poor. Foreign bearing high speed performance index Dn value It can reach 3.3×106, while the highest level of similar products in China does not exceed 2.5×106; the bearings for high-speed railways all rely on imports at present, and each of Europe and Japan is 50%, which restricts the further development of China's high-speed rail technology. Therefore, the key bearings produced in China and the bearings produced in advanced countries such as Japan, Europe and the United States have a large gap in service life, reliability, Dn value and bearing capacity, which has become a bottleneck restricting the development of China's equipment manufacturing industry.
无论是我国国家标准，还是日本、欧美等先进国家的标准，以含C1.0％、Cr1.5％为代表的高碳铬轴承钢，从它诞生至今，化学元素几乎没有变化，但随着科学技术的迅猛发展，对轴承提出了非常苛刻的要求，在提高转动速度、提高工作温度的同时，还要求更高的可靠性和寿命；轴承尺寸的不断增大，要求更高的淬透性；办公自动化机器的出现，要求对小型轴承噪声的抑制。由于对轴承的要求越来越高，轴承材料必须具备高纯净度、高可靠性和高疲劳寿命。Regardless of China's national standards, or the standards of advanced countries such as Japan, Europe and the United States, high-carbon chromium bearing steels represented by C1.0% and Cr1.5%, since its birth, chemical elements have hardly changed, but with The rapid development of science and technology puts very demanding requirements on bearings. While increasing the rotational speed and increasing the working temperature, it also requires higher reliability and longevity. The increasing bearing size requires higher hardenability. The emergence of office automation machines requires suppression of small bearing noise. Due to the increasing demands on bearings, bearing materials must have high purity, high reliability and high fatigue life.
发明内容Summary of the invention
本发明目的是提供一种高寿命的轴承钢及其热处理方法，其解决了至少一个上述技术问题。SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to provide a high life bearing steel and a heat treatment method thereof which solve at least one of the above technical problems.
本发明解决技术问题采用如下技术方案：一种轴承钢，其各组分按重量百分数计为：The invention solves the technical problem by adopting the following technical solution: a bearing steel whose components are in weight percentage:
C：0.75～0.85％；C: 0.75 to 0.85%;
Si：0.15～0.35％；Si: 0.15 to 0.35%;
Mn：0.25～0.40％；Mn: 0.25 to 0.40%;
Cr：1.40～1.60％；Cr: 1.40 to 1.60%;
Ni：0.05～0.09％；Ni: 0.05 to 0.09%;
Mo：0.02～0.08％；Mo: 0.02 to 0.08%;
Al：0.005～0.020％；Al: 0.005 to 0.020%;
Cu：0.02～0.08％；Cu: 0.02 to 0.08%;
Ce：0.005～0.03％；Ce: 0.005 to 0.03%;
P：小于等于0.010％； P: less than or equal to 0.010%;
S：小于等于0.008％；S: less than or equal to 0.008%;
Ti：小于等于0.0020％；Ti: less than or equal to 0.0020%;
O：小于等于0.0008％；O: less than or equal to 0.0008%;
As：小于等于0.012％；As: less than or equal to 0.012%;
Sn：小于等于0.002％；Sn: less than or equal to 0.002%;
Sb：小于等于0.0050％；Sb: less than or equal to 0.0050%;
Pb：小于等于0.0020％；Pb: less than or equal to 0.0020%;
Ca：小于等于≦0.0010％；Ca: less than or equal to ≦0.0010%;
余量为Fe。The balance is Fe.
可选的，所述C的重量百分比为0.76-0.80％。Optionally, the weight percentage of the C is 0.76-0.80%.
可选的，所述Cr的重量百分比为1.50-1.55％。Optionally, the weight percentage of the Cr is 1.50 to 1.55%.
可选的，所述Mn的重量百分比为0.35-0.40％。Optionally, the weight percentage of the Mn is 0.35-0.40%.
本发明解决技术问题采用如下技术方案：一种轴承钢的制备方法，其包括以下步骤：The present invention solves the technical problem by adopting the following technical solution: a method for preparing bearing steel, which comprises the following steps:
S10、将包含上述元素及含量的轴承钢出钢，通过模铸锭或连铸得到钢锭或连铸坯；S10, the bearing steel containing the above elements and content is tapped, and the steel ingot or the continuous casting billet is obtained by die casting or continuous casting;
S15、加热；将3-7吨钢锭或Ф310-500mm连铸坯放入加热炉中加热至1220-1250℃，保温时间大于6小时，出炉轧制；S15, heating; 3-7 tons of steel ingot or Ф310-500mm continuous casting billet is placed in a heating furnace to be heated to 1220-1250 ° C, holding time is more than 6 hours, and rolling;
S20、轧制；将3-7吨钢锭或Ф310mm连铸坯吊出加热炉，开轧温度1200-1220℃，终轧温度850-900℃，轧制成160mm2轧坯入坑缓冷；S20, rolling; 3-7 tons of steel ingots or Ф310mm continuous casting blanks are lifted out of the heating furnace, the rolling temperature is 1200-1220 ° C, the final rolling temperature is 850-900 ° C, and rolled into 160 mm 2 rolling blanks into the pits to cool;
S25、缓冷；轧后的160mm2轧坯入坑缓冷60小时；当轧坯温度小于等于200℃时出坑；S25, slow cooling; 160mm 2 rolled billet after rolling into the pit for 60 hours; when the billet temperature is less than or equal to 200 °C;
S30、精整；轧后的160mm2轧坯表面经砂轮扒皮清理，去掉脱碳层；S30, finishing; the surface of the rolled 160 mm 2 rolled blank is cleaned by a grinding wheel to remove the decarburized layer;
S35、二次加热；将160mm2的轧坯放入加热炉加热，加热至1160～1200℃，均热段保温，保温温度1160-1180℃，保温时间大于110分钟；所述加热和二次加热的时间之和大于330分钟； S35, secondary heating; 160mm 2 rolling stock is placed in a heating furnace, heated to 1160 ~ 1200 ° C, soaking section heat preservation, holding temperature 1160-1180 ° C, holding time greater than 110 minutes; the heating and secondary heating The sum of time is greater than 330 minutes;
S40、二次轧制；用加热后的160mm2轧坯，轧制成Ф5.5mm、Ф7mm、Ф14mm盘圆线材；S40, secondary rolling; using a heated 160mm 2 rolling stock, rolling into Ф5.5mm, Ф7mm, Ф14mm round wire;
S45、缓冷；轧制成Ф5.5mm、Ф7mm、Ф14mm盘圆线材后，盘圆线材温度小于等于700℃时，扣保温罩缓冷；S45, slow cooling; after rolling into Ф5.5mm, Ф7mm, Ф14mm round wire, when the temperature of the round wire is less than or equal to 700 °C, the insulation cover is slow and cold;
S50、矫直；S50, straightening;
S55、磨光；S55, polishing;
S60、探伤；S60, flaw detection;
S65、清理、检查；S65, cleaning, inspection;
S70、上交，对轧后的盘圆线材，逐捆取样进行检验后，上交。S70, turn in the cross, after the rolled round wire, the sample is tested by bundle and then turned in.
本发明具有如下有益效果：本发明的轴承钢比传统GCr15钢比，化学成分有明显不同，降低了碳含量，增加了微合金化元素：Ni、Mo、Cu、铈、铝五种元素，使得其技术质量指标比传统GCr15钢有明显提高，使用寿命提高了一倍。The invention has the following beneficial effects: the bearing steel of the invention has a significantly different chemical composition than the conventional GCr15 steel, reduces the carbon content, and increases the microalloying elements: five elements of Ni, Mo, Cu, bismuth and aluminum, Its technical quality index is significantly improved compared with the traditional GCr15 steel, and the service life is doubled.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面结合实施例及附图对本发明的技术方案作进一步阐述。The technical solutions of the present invention are further described below in conjunction with the embodiments and the accompanying drawings.
实施例1Example 1
本实施例提供了一种高寿命(XWLNXP001高寿命轴承用于轧机导卫轴承的寿命可以达到10-12小时，与原GCr15轧机导卫轴承寿命4-6时间比，提高了一倍)轴承钢，其各组分按重量百分数计为：This embodiment provides a high life (XWLNXP001 high-life bearing for the rolling mill guide bearing life can reach 10-12 hours, compared with the original GCr15 rolling mill bearing life 4-6 time ratio, doubled) bearing steel , the components of which are in weight percent:
C：0.75～0.85％；C: 0.75 to 0.85%;
Si：0.15～0.35％；Si: 0.15 to 0.35%;
Mn：0.25～0.40％；Mn: 0.25 to 0.40%;
Cr：1.40～1.60％；Cr: 1.40 to 1.60%;
Ni：0.05～0.09％；Ni: 0.05 to 0.09%;
Mo：0.02～0.08％；Mo: 0.02 to 0.08%;
Al：0.005～0.020％；Al: 0.005 to 0.020%;
Cu：0.02～0.08％； Cu: 0.02 to 0.08%;
Ce(稀土铈)：0.005～0.03％；Ce (rare earth lanthanum): 0.005 to 0.03%;
P：小于等于0.010％；P: less than or equal to 0.010%;
S：小于等于0.008％；S: less than or equal to 0.008%;
Ti：小于等于0.0020％；Ti: less than or equal to 0.0020%;
O：小于等于0.0008％；O: less than or equal to 0.0008%;
As：小于等于0.012％；As: less than or equal to 0.012%;
Sn：小于等于0.002％；Sn: less than or equal to 0.002%;
Sb：小于等于0.0050％；Sb: less than or equal to 0.0050%;
Pb：小于等于0.0020％；Pb: less than or equal to 0.0020%;
Ca：小于等于≦0.0010％；Ca: less than or equal to ≦0.0010%;
余量为Fe。The balance is Fe.
耐腐蚀、耐磨、抗疲劳的元素确定：The elements that are resistant to corrosion, wear and fatigue are identified:
本实施例的轴承钢耐腐蚀、耐磨、抗疲劳的元素确定如表1所示。The elements of the bearing steel of this example which are resistant to corrosion, abrasion and fatigue are determined as shown in Table 1.
Figure PCTCN2017080351-appb-000001
Figure PCTCN2017080351-appb-000001
高寿命轴承钢材料成分设计关键在于保证获得高的弹性极限、抗拉强度和接触疲劳强度，高的淬硬性和必要的淬透性，以保证高耐磨性，一定的冲击韧性；良好的尺寸稳定性或组织稳定性；能抵抗化学腐蚀；可有效降低材料疲劳剥落、卡死、套圈断裂、磨损、锈蚀等现象。The key to the design of high-life bearing steel materials is to ensure high elastic limit, tensile strength and contact fatigue strength, high hardenability and necessary hardenability to ensure high wear resistance and certain impact toughness; good size Stability or tissue stability; resistant to chemical corrosion; can effectively reduce the phenomenon of material fatigue flaking, jamming, ferrule breakage, wear, rust and so on.
碳成分的控制区间：碳是影响钢材性能的重要元素，是保障轴承钢能够具备足够的淬透性、硬度值和耐磨性的重要元素之一。碳强化作用很高，钢中含碳量增加，屈服点和抗拉强度升高，但却显著降低韧性，为了提高轴承钢使用的安全性与可靠性，在降低碳的同时，通过合金化来来提高强度，即由现行GCr15中的0.95～1.05％(重量)，设计成0.75～0.85％(重量)，更优选地，可以将所述碳的含量控制在0.76～0.80％(重量)，按中下限控制，降低铸坯碳偏析，改善碳化物的均匀性。Control range of carbon composition: Carbon is an important element affecting the performance of steel, and it is one of the important elements to ensure that bearing steel can have sufficient hardenability, hardness value and wear resistance. The carbon strengthening effect is very high, the carbon content in the steel increases, the yield point and tensile strength increase, but the toughness is significantly reduced. In order to improve the safety and reliability of the bearing steel, the alloy is reduced while reducing the carbon. To increase the strength, that is, from 0.95 to 1.05% by weight in the current GCr15, designed to be 0.75 to 0.85% by weight, and more preferably, the carbon content can be controlled to be 0.76 to 0.80% by weight. The middle and lower limit control reduces the carbon segregation of the slab and improves the uniformity of the carbide.
Mn、Cr、Ni、Mo、Al、铈元素设计说明：铬元素是碳化物形成元素，主要作用是提高钢的淬透性和耐腐蚀性能，并可提高强度、硬度、耐磨性、弹性极限和屈服极限。能显著改变钢种碳化物的分布及其颗粒的大小，使含铬的渗碳体型碳化物(Fe·Cr)3·C退火聚集的倾向性变小，是轴承钢碳化物变细小、分布均匀、并扩大了球化退火的温度范围。铬元素还能减小钢的过热倾向和表面脱碳速度。Cr按1.40～1.60％设计，更优选地，可以将所述铬的含量控制在1.50～1.55％，能够增加钢的淬透性和耐磨性，提高尺寸稳定性或组织稳定性，能改善钢的抗腐蚀能力和抗氧化作用；并可以防止过高的铬含量容易形成大块碳化物。Mn, Cr, Ni, Mo, Al, yttrium element design description: chrome is a carbide forming element, the main function is to improve the hardenability and corrosion resistance of steel, and can improve the strength, hardness, wear resistance, elastic limit And the yield limit. It can significantly change the distribution of carbides in steel grades and the size of the particles, so that the tendency of annealing and aggregation of chromium-containing cementite-type carbides (Fe·Cr) 3·C becomes smaller, and the carbides of bearing steel become smaller and evenly distributed. And expand the temperature range of spheroidizing annealing. Chromium also reduces the tendency of steel to overheat and surface decarburization. Cr is designed from 1.40 to 1.60%, and more preferably, the chromium content can be controlled to 1.50 to 1.55%, which can increase the hardenability and wear resistance of steel, improve dimensional stability or structural stability, and improve steel. Corrosion resistance and oxidation resistance; and can prevent excessive chromium content from easily forming large carbides.
锰显著提高钢的淬透性，部分锰溶于铁素体中提高铁素体的硬度和强度，并且能够固定钢种S的形态并形成对钢的性能危害小的MnS等硫化物，能够减少或者抑制FeS的生成。Mn能提高钢材的强度，削弱和消除硫的不良影响，提高固熔强化作用，并能提高钢的淬透性、屈服强度和抗拉强度，实施例的轴承钢根据需要将Mn的含量设计为 0.25～0.40％(重量)，按中上限控制成分，本实施例中，可以将Mn的含量控制为0.35～0.40％，以保证轴承钢残余奥氏体数量，稳定钢的过热敏感性、裂纹倾向性以及尺寸稳定性。但钢中Cr与Mn这些元素会使材料在250～450℃增加回火脆性敏感性，即脆性转变温度上升的同时，韧性破断的冲击值和断裂韧性值下降，为了降低锰的不利影响，这就需要增加Mo元素，其含量范围为0.02～0.05％(重量)，提高淬透性、抗回火稳定性，细化退火组织，减小淬火变形、提高疲劳强度，改善力学性能。Manganese significantly improves the hardenability of steel, and some manganese is dissolved in ferrite to increase the hardness and strength of ferrite, and it is possible to fix the form of steel S and form a sulfide such as MnS which is less harmful to the performance of steel. Or suppress the formation of FeS. Mn can improve the strength of steel, weaken and eliminate the adverse effects of sulfur, improve the solid solution strengthening, and improve the hardenability, yield strength and tensile strength of steel. The bearing steel of the embodiment is designed to have the content of Mn as needed. 0.25 to 0.40% by weight, according to the upper limit control component, in this embodiment, the content of Mn can be controlled to 0.35 to 0.40%, to ensure the amount of retained austenite in the bearing steel, to stabilize the steel overheat sensitivity, crack tendency Sexuality and dimensional stability. However, the elements Cr and Mn in the steel increase the temper brittleness sensitivity of the material at 250-450 °C, that is, the brittle transition temperature rises, and the impact value and fracture toughness value of the toughness breakage decrease, in order to reduce the adverse effects of manganese, It is necessary to increase the Mo element content in the range of 0.02 to 0.05% by weight, improve the hardenability and tempering stability, refine the annealed structure, reduce the quenching deformation, improve the fatigue strength, and improve the mechanical properties.
Ni含量设计为0.05～0.09％(重量)，Ni是提高钢材韧性最有效的合金元素，它韧化的机理是使材料基体本身在低温下易于交叉滑移，不论对何种组织，加入Ni均可提高韧性。同时Ni+Mo+Cu元素设计控制区间0.15-0.19％，可以得到比Cu+Ni更好的综合耐蚀性能,所以Cu按0.02-0.08％设计，钢的耐腐蚀稳定性增强。Ni content is designed to be 0.05-0.09% by weight. Ni is the most effective alloying element for improving the toughness of steel. The mechanism of toughening is to make the material matrix itself easy to cross-slip at low temperature. No matter what kind of structure, Ni is added. Improves toughness. At the same time, the design control interval of Ni+Mo+Cu element is 0.15-0.19%, which can obtain better comprehensive corrosion resistance than Cu+Ni. Therefore, the design of Cu is 0.02-0.08%, and the corrosion resistance of steel is enhanced.
Al含量设计为0.005-0.020％，可以避免钢因晶粒度粗化温度低、粗晶组织的质量问题，使钢中形成足够的细小弥散分布的难熔化合物-AlN，和细小、弥散的碳、氮化物V(C、N)一起阻止奥氏体晶粒长大，晶粒度级别可以提高到≥8.5级，比GB/T18254-2002下GCr15晶粒度提高0.5级别。The Al content is designed to be 0.005-0.020%, which can avoid the problem of low grain coarsening temperature and coarse grain structure, and form enough fine dispersion of refractory compound -AlN and fine and dispersed carbon in the steel. The nitride V(C, N) together prevents the austenite grain growth, and the grain size level can be increased to ≥ 8.5, which is 0.5 grade higher than the GCr15 grain size under GB/T18254-2002.
稀土铈按照0.005-0.030％设计，使钢中残留的夹杂物通过稀土铈球化，细化晶粒，提高轴承钢的使用寿命。The rare earth lanthanum is designed according to 0.005-0.030%, so that the residual inclusions in the steel are spheroidized by the rare earth ruthenium to refine the crystal grains and improve the service life of the bearing steel.
本实施例的轴承钢能使其综合机械性能比原GCr15钢有所提高，尤其是钢中碳化物(网状等)级别显著降低，从而满足轴承钢在高寿命、高可靠性方面的需要。The bearing steel of this embodiment can improve the comprehensive mechanical performance of the original GCr15 steel, especially the grade of carbide (mesh, etc.) in the steel, thereby meeting the needs of the bearing steel in terms of high life and high reliability.
本实施例的轴承钢在传统轴承钢GCr15材料的基础上，增加了Ni、Mo、Cu、铈元素，降低了碳含量，同时严格控制Al含量范围，并通过转炉或电炉+LF+VD或RH+模铸或连铸→加热→轧制→缓冷→精整→二次加热→二次轧制→缓冷→精整清理→探伤→清理、检查→上交的方法制备，从而使得轴承钢能够达到以下性能要求： The bearing steel of this embodiment increases the Ni, Mo, Cu, and antimony elements on the basis of the conventional bearing steel GCr15 material, reduces the carbon content, and strictly controls the Al content range, and passes through the converter or electric furnace + LF+VD or RH+ Die casting or continuous casting → heating → rolling → slow cooling → finishing → secondary heating → secondary rolling → slow cooling → finishing cleaning → flaw detection → cleaning, inspection → turn-up method preparation, so that the bearing steel can Meet the following performance requirements:
(1)高的弹性极限、抗拉强度和接触疲劳强度；(1) high elastic limit, tensile strength and contact fatigue strength;
(2)高的淬硬性和必要的淬透性，以保证高耐磨性，其硬度为(HRC)62～64；(2) high hardenability and necessary hardenability to ensure high wear resistance, the hardness is (HRC) 62 ~ 64;
(3)较高的冲击韧性；(3) high impact toughness;
(4)良好的尺寸稳定性或组织稳定性；(4) good dimensional stability or tissue stability;
(5)能抵抗化学腐蚀、抗氧化；(5) It can resist chemical corrosion and oxidation;
(6)可有效降低材料疲劳剥落、卡死、套圈断裂、磨损、锈蚀等现象。(6) It can effectively reduce the phenomenon of material fatigue peeling, jamming, ferrule breakage, wear and rust.
并使得材料的低倍组织、非金属夹杂物、碳化物分布等性能指标全部达到设计指标。And the material's low-fold structure, non-metallic inclusions, carbide distribution and other performance indicators all reach the design index.
本实施例的轴承钢，低倍组织中心疏松、一般疏松和偏析分别按GB/T18254-2002第1、第2和第3级别图评级，均应不大于1.0级，不允许有一般斑点状偏析和边缘斑点状偏析。In the bearing steel of this embodiment, the looseness, general looseness and segregation of the low-magnification center are rated according to the first, second and third levels of GB/T18254-2002, respectively, and should not be greater than 1.0, and general speckle-like segregation is not allowed. And spotted segregation.
在非金属夹杂物方面：(1)常规非金属夹杂物按GB/T18254-2002附录A第4级别图进行评定，DS按ISO 4967评定，评定结果应符合表1规定。In terms of non-metallic inclusions: (1) Conventional non-metallic inclusions are evaluated according to the fourth level diagram of Appendix A of GB/T18254-2002, DS is assessed according to ISO 4967, and the assessment results are to comply with Table 1.
表1非金属夹杂物合格级别Table 1 Non-metallic inclusions qualification level
Figure PCTCN2017080351-appb-000002
Figure PCTCN2017080351-appb-000002
(2)非金属夹杂物TiN的判定标准：(2) Judging criteria for non-metallic inclusions TiN:
①形态：方形或近似方形，四角或棱角分明的单颗粒夹杂物。1 Form: square or nearly square, four-corner or angular single-particle inclusions.
②一个视场内不允许出现2颗边长＜19μm或1颗边长≥19μm的TiN夹杂物。2 TiN inclusions with side length <19μm or 1 side length ≥19μm are not allowed in one field of view.
在碳化物不均匀性方面：(1)碳化物带状，按GB/T 18254-2002附录A第8级别图进行评定，其合格级别不大于2.0。(2)碳化物液析，按GB/T 18254-2002附录A第9级别图进行评定，其合格级别不 大于1.0。In terms of carbide non-uniformity: (1) Carbide strip shape, according to the 8th level diagram of Appendix A of GB/T 18254-2002, the qualification level is not more than 2.0. (2) Carbide liquid analysis, according to the level 9 map of Appendix A of GB/T 18254-2002, the qualification level is not Greater than 1.0.
本实施例的轴承钢的研发与生产是国内外轴承钢发展的一个方向，可加快缩短我国轴承钢实物品种、质量与国外的差距，国内实现产业化后，在一定程度上可以替代进口，主要用于各知名品牌轿车发动机轴承、军工和精密机械轴承等领域，有着极好的市场前景。The development and production of the bearing steel of this embodiment is a direction of the development of bearing steel at home and abroad, which can accelerate the shortening of the gap between the variety and quality of bearing steel in China and foreign countries. After domestic industrialization, it can replace imports to a certain extent. It is used in the fields of engine bearings, military and precision mechanical bearings of various well-known brands, and has excellent market prospects.
实施例2Example 2
本实施例提供了一种高寿命轴承钢的生产方法，其包括：This embodiment provides a method for producing high-life bearing steel, which includes:
S10、转炉或电炉+LF+VD或RH出钢，模铸锭或连铸：S10, converter or electric furnace + LF+VD or RH tapping, die casting or continuous casting:
S15、加热；将3-7吨钢锭或Ф310-500mm连铸坯放入加热炉中加热，高温保温温度1220-1250℃，高温扩散时间大于6小时，出炉轧制。S15, heating; 3-7 tons of steel ingot or Ф310-500mm continuous casting billet is placed in a heating furnace for heating, high temperature holding temperature of 1220-1250 ° C, high temperature diffusion time of more than 6 hours, and rolling.
S20、轧制；将3-7吨钢锭或Ф310mm连铸坯吊出加热炉，开轧温度1200-1220℃，终轧温度850-900℃，轧制成160mm2入坑缓冷。S20, rolling; 3-7 tons of steel ingot or Ф310mm continuous casting billet is lifted out of the heating furnace, the rolling temperature is 1200-1220 ° C, the final rolling temperature is 850-900 ° C, and the rolling is 160 mm 2 into the pit to slow the cooling.
S25、缓冷；轧后的160mm2轧坯入坑缓冷60小时，进一步扩氢和去除残余应力，≤200℃出坑。S25, slow cooling; 160mm 2 rolled billet after rolling into the pit for 60 hours, further hydrogen expansion and removal of residual stress, ≤ 200 ° C out of the pit.
S30、精整；轧后的160mm2轧坯表面经砂轮扒皮清理，去掉脱碳层。S30, finishing; the surface of the rolled 160 mm 2 rolled blank is cleaned by a grinding wheel to remove the decarburized layer.
S35、二次加热；将160mm2轧坯放入加热炉加热，加热温度1160～1200℃，均热段保温保温温度1160-1180℃，保温时间大于110分钟；总加热时间大于330分钟。S35, secondary heating; 160mm 2 rolling stock is placed in a heating furnace, heating temperature 1160 ~ 1200 ° C, soaking section insulation temperature 1160-1180 ° C, holding time greater than 110 minutes; total heating time is greater than 330 minutes.
S40、二次轧制；用加热后的160mm2轧坯，轧制成Ф5.5mm、Ф7mm、Ф14mm盘圆线材。S40, secondary rolling; using a heated 160 mm 2 rolling stock, rolling into Ф5.5 mm, Ф7 mm, Ф14 mm disk round wire.
S45、缓冷；轧制成Ф5.5mm、Ф7mm、Ф14mm盘圆线材后，盘圆线材温度≤700℃时，扣保温罩缓冷。S45, slow cooling; after rolling into Ф5.5mm, Ф7mm, Ф14mm disk round wire, when the wire round wire temperature ≤700 °C, the buckle insulation cover is slow.
S50、矫直；S50, straightening;
S55、磨光；S55, polishing;
S60、探伤； S60, flaw detection;
S65、清理、检查；S65, cleaning, inspection;
S70、上交对轧后的盘圆线材，逐捆取样进行检验后，上交。S70, after the cross-rolling of the round wire, the samples are tested by bundle and then handed in.
其中，开坯前的钢锭或连铸坯高温均质化保温温度1220-1250℃，高温扩散时间大于6小时，轧制后缓冷60小时；二次线材轧制前的加热温度1160～1200℃，均热段保温保温温度1160-1180℃，保温时间大于110分钟；总加热时间大于330分钟。Among them, the steel ingot or continuous casting billet before the blanking is homogenized and kept at a temperature of 1220-1250 ° C, the high temperature diffusion time is more than 6 hours, and the steel is slowly cooled for 60 hours after rolling; the heating temperature before the secondary wire rolling is 1160 to 1200 ° C. The soaking section heat preservation temperature is 1160-1180 ° C, the holding time is more than 110 minutes; the total heating time is more than 330 minutes.
本发明的高寿命轴承钢(XWLNXP002)，经过球化等温退火得到的是球状珠光体组织，其中的渗碳体呈球状颗粒，弥散分布在铁素体基体上，与片状珠光体比不但硬度低，便于切削加工，而且在淬火加热时，奥氏体晶粒不易长大，冷却时工件也不易变形和开裂。The high-life bearing steel (XWLNXP002) of the invention is obtained by spheroidizing isothermal annealing to obtain a spherical pearlite structure, wherein the cementite is spherical particles dispersed on the ferrite matrix, and the hardness is not only compared with the flaky pearlite. Low, easy to cut, and austenite grains are not easy to grow during quenching and heating, and the workpiece is not easily deformed and cracked during cooling.
本发明的高寿命轴承钢的主要指标明显高于GB/T 18245-2002规定的GCr15材料标准，主要指标对比如表2所示。The main index of the high-life bearing steel of the invention is obviously higher than the GCr15 material standard specified in GB/T 18245-2002, and the main index pairs are shown in Table 2.
表2本实施例轴承钢与GB/T 18245-2002规定的GCr15材料主要指标对比Table 2 Comparison of main indexes of bearing steel of this embodiment and GCr15 material specified in GB/T 18245-2002
Figure PCTCN2017080351-appb-000003
Figure PCTCN2017080351-appb-000003
Figure PCTCN2017080351-appb-000004
Figure PCTCN2017080351-appb-000004
实施例3Example 3
本实施例的轴承钢，在试验中所选择的方案以及技术效果如表3所示：The bearing steel of this embodiment, the selected scheme and technical effects in the test are shown in Table 3:
表3试验中所选择的技术方案:The technical solutions selected in the test in Table 3:
Figure PCTCN2017080351-appb-000005
Figure PCTCN2017080351-appb-000005
Figure PCTCN2017080351-appb-000006
Figure PCTCN2017080351-appb-000006
根据上述成分，测得轴承钢的C曲线如表4所示：According to the above composition, the C curve of the bearing steel is shown in Table 4:
表4轴承钢的C曲线Table 4 C curve of bearing steel
相变点Phase change point T液T liquid Ac1(Ar1)Ac1(Ar1) Ac3(Ar3)Ac3 (Ar3) MsMs
温度temperature 14581458 762℃(698℃)762 ° C (698 ° C) 902℃(712℃)902 ° C (712 ° C) 171171
对其性能进行测试，取样数量、取样部位及检验方法明细如下表5。The performance is tested. The sampling quantity, sampling location and inspection method are as shown in Table 5 below.
表5取样数量、取样部位及检验方法Table 5 sample quantity, sampling location and test method
Figure PCTCN2017080351-appb-000007
Figure PCTCN2017080351-appb-000007
结合本实施例的轴承钢的液相线温度1458℃，允许的加热温度最高为1258℃。因为钢的过烧温度比熔点低50～100℃，过热温度比熔点低150～200℃，所以钢的加热保温最高温度一般应低于熔点(或 低于状态图固相线温度)200℃。The liquidus temperature of the bearing steel in combination with the present embodiment was 1458 ° C, and the allowable heating temperature was at most 1258 ° C. Because the over-burning temperature of steel is 50-100 ° C lower than the melting point, the superheating temperature is 150-200 ° C lower than the melting point, so the maximum temperature of heating and holding of steel should generally be lower than the melting point (or Below the state diagram solidus temperature) 200 ° C.
因此，轴承钢的钢锭或连铸坯经高温均质化温度必须控制在1220-1250℃温度范围之内，保温时间6-8小时，轧后进行坑冷，防止钢坯表面裂纹。轧后表面清理。Therefore, the high temperature homogenization temperature of the steel ingot or continuous casting billet of the bearing steel must be controlled within the temperature range of 1220-1250 °C, the holding time is 6-8 hours, and the pit is cooled after rolling to prevent surface cracking of the billet. Surface cleaning after rolling.
本实施例的轴承钢与GB/T18254-2002条件下GCr15材料对比化学成分有实质性的不同，增加了Ni、Mo、Cu、铈等元素，同时对Al含量进行了规格设计，钢材综合性能有显著提高，检测结果如下：The bearing steel of the present embodiment is substantially different from the chemical composition of the GCr15 material under the condition of GB/T18254-2002, and elements such as Ni, Mo, Cu, bismuth are added, and the Al content is designed and the comprehensive properties of the steel are Significantly improved, the test results are as follows:
(1)低倍组织对比如表6；(1) Low-fold organization pairs such as Table 6;
表6低倍组织情况；Table 6 shows the situation of low magnification;
Figure PCTCN2017080351-appb-000008
Figure PCTCN2017080351-appb-000008
(2)夹杂物水平对比如表7；(2) The level of inclusions is shown in Table 7;
表7非金属夹杂物对比情况Table 7 Comparison of non-metallic inclusions
Figure PCTCN2017080351-appb-000009
Figure PCTCN2017080351-appb-000009
Figure PCTCN2017080351-appb-000010
Figure PCTCN2017080351-appb-000010
(3)碳化物分布对比如表8；(3) Carbide distribution pairs are shown in Table 8;
表8碳化物分布情况对比Table 8 Comparison of carbide distribution
Figure PCTCN2017080351-appb-000011
Figure PCTCN2017080351-appb-000011
以上实施例的先后顺序仅为便于描述，不代表实施例的优劣。The order of the above embodiments is merely for convenience of description and does not represent the advantages and disadvantages of the embodiments.
最后应说明的是：以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的精神和范围。 It should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not limited thereto; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that The technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments are modified, or the equivalents of the technical features are replaced. The modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims (5)

  1. 一种轴承钢，其特征在于，其各组分按重量百分数计为：A bearing steel characterized in that its components are in weight percent:
    C：0.75～0.85％；C: 0.75 to 0.85%;
    Si：0.15～0.35％；Si: 0.15 to 0.35%;
    Mn：0.25～0.40％；Mn: 0.25 to 0.40%;
    Cr：1.40～1.60％；Cr: 1.40 to 1.60%;
    Ni：0.05～0.09％；Ni: 0.05 to 0.09%;
    Mo：0.02～0.08％；Mo: 0.02 to 0.08%;
    Al：0.005～0.020％；Al: 0.005 to 0.020%;
    Cu：0.02～0.08％；Cu: 0.02 to 0.08%;
    Ce：0.005～0.03％；Ce: 0.005 to 0.03%;
    P：小于等于0.010％；P: less than or equal to 0.010%;
    S：小于等于0.008％；S: less than or equal to 0.008%;
    Ti：小于等于0.0020％；Ti: less than or equal to 0.0020%;
    O：小于等于0.0008％；O: less than or equal to 0.0008%;
    As：小于等于0.012％；As: less than or equal to 0.012%;
    Sn：小于等于0.002％；Sn: less than or equal to 0.002%;
    Sb：小于等于0.0050％；Sb: less than or equal to 0.0050%;
    Pb：小于等于0.0020％；Pb: less than or equal to 0.0020%;
    Ca：小于等于≦0.0010％；Ca: less than or equal to ≦0.0010%;
    余量为Fe。The balance is Fe.
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的轴承钢，特征在于，The bearing steel according to claim 1, characterized in that
    所述C的重量百分比为0.76-0.80％。The weight percentage of the C is from 0.76 to 0.80%.
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的轴承钢，特征在于，A bearing steel according to claim 2, characterized in that
    所述Cr的重量百分比为1.50-1.55％。The weight percentage of the Cr is from 1.50 to 1.55%.
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的轴承钢，特征在于，A bearing steel according to claim 3, characterized in that
    所述Mn的重量百分比为0.35-0.40％。The weight percentage of Mn is from 0.35 to 0.40%.
  5. 一种轴承钢的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤： A method for preparing bearing steel, comprising the steps of:
    S10、将包含如权利要求1所述元素及含量的轴承钢出钢，通过模铸锭或连铸得到钢锭或连铸坯；S10, the bearing steel containing the element and the content of claim 1 is tapped, and the steel ingot or the continuous casting billet is obtained by die casting or continuous casting;
    S15、加热；将3-7吨钢锭或Ф310-500mm连铸坯放入加热炉中加热至1220-1250℃，保温时间大于6小时，出炉轧制；S15, heating; 3-7 tons of steel ingot or Ф310-500mm continuous casting billet is placed in a heating furnace to be heated to 1220-1250 ° C, holding time is more than 6 hours, and rolling;
    S20、轧制；将3-7吨钢锭或Ф310mm连铸坯吊出加热炉，开轧温度1200-1220℃，终轧温度850-900℃，轧制成160mm2轧坯入坑缓冷；S20, rolling; 3-7 tons of steel ingots or Ф310mm continuous casting blanks are lifted out of the heating furnace, the rolling temperature is 1200-1220 ° C, the final rolling temperature is 850-900 ° C, and rolled into 160 mm 2 rolling blanks into the pits to cool;
    S25、缓冷；轧后的160mm2轧坯入坑缓冷60小时；当轧坯温度小于等于200℃时出坑；S25, slow cooling; 160mm 2 rolled billet after rolling into the pit for 60 hours; when the billet temperature is less than or equal to 200 °C;
    S30、精整；轧后的160mm2轧坯表面经砂轮扒皮清理，去掉脱碳层；S30, finishing; the surface of the rolled 160 mm 2 rolled blank is cleaned by a grinding wheel to remove the decarburized layer;
    S35、二次加热；将160mm2的轧坯放入加热炉加热，加热至1160～1200℃，均热段保温，保温温度1160-1180℃，保温时间大于110分钟；所述加热和二次加热的时间之和大于330分钟；S35, secondary heating; 160mm 2 rolling stock is placed in a heating furnace, heated to 1160 ~ 1200 ° C, soaking section heat preservation, holding temperature 1160-1180 ° C, holding time greater than 110 minutes; the heating and secondary heating The sum of time is greater than 330 minutes;
    S40、二次轧制；用加热后的160mm2轧坯，轧制成Ф5.5mm、Ф7mm、Ф14mm盘圆线材；S40, secondary rolling; using a heated 160mm 2 rolling stock, rolling into Ф5.5mm, Ф7mm, Ф14mm round wire;
    S45、缓冷；轧制成Ф5.5mm、Ф7mm、Ф14mm盘圆线材后，盘圆线材温度小于等于700℃时，扣保温罩缓冷；S45, slow cooling; after rolling into Ф5.5mm, Ф7mm, Ф14mm round wire, when the temperature of the round wire is less than or equal to 700 °C, the insulation cover is slow and cold;
    S50、矫直；S50, straightening;
    S55、磨光；S55, polishing;
    S60、探伤；S60, flaw detection;
    S65、清理、检查；S65, cleaning, inspection;
    S70、上交，对轧后的盘圆线材，逐捆取样进行检验后，上交。 S70, turn in the cross, after the rolled round wire, the sample is tested by bundle and then turned in.
PCT/CN2017/080351 2017-04-13 2017-04-13 Bearing steel and preparation method therefor WO2018188008A1 (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR20120058258A (en) * 2010-11-29 2012-06-07 주식회사 포스코 Method for Removing Large Carbide in Casting Product of High Carbon Chromium Bearing Steels
CN103201399A (en) * 2010-08-06 2013-07-10 Posco公司 High carbon chromium bearing steel, and preparation method thereof
CN106086678A (en) * 2016-08-02 2016-11-09 东北特钢集团北满特殊钢有限责任公司 High life bearing steel material and processing method thereof
CN107119239A (en) * 2017-04-11 2017-09-01 龙南日升昌新材料研发有限公司 Bearing steel and preparation method thereof

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103201399A (en) * 2010-08-06 2013-07-10 Posco公司 High carbon chromium bearing steel, and preparation method thereof
KR20120058258A (en) * 2010-11-29 2012-06-07 주식회사 포스코 Method for Removing Large Carbide in Casting Product of High Carbon Chromium Bearing Steels
CN106086678A (en) * 2016-08-02 2016-11-09 东北特钢集团北满特殊钢有限责任公司 High life bearing steel material and processing method thereof
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