WO2018184489A1 - 小型卫星地面站 - Google Patents

小型卫星地面站 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018184489A1
WO2018184489A1 PCT/CN2018/080658 CN2018080658W WO2018184489A1 WO 2018184489 A1 WO2018184489 A1 WO 2018184489A1 CN 2018080658 W CN2018080658 W CN 2018080658W WO 2018184489 A1 WO2018184489 A1 WO 2018184489A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
satellite
antenna
receivers
communication
indoor unit
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PCT/CN2018/080658
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
叶雷
王浩
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泛太通信导航有限公司
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Application filed by 泛太通信导航有限公司 filed Critical 泛太通信导航有限公司
Publication of WO2018184489A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018184489A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/14—Relay systems
    • H04B7/15—Active relay systems
    • H04B7/185—Space-based or airborne stations; Stations for satellite systems
    • H04B7/1851—Systems using a satellite or space-based relay
    • H04B7/18517—Transmission equipment in earth stations
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/06—Receivers
    • H04B1/08—Constructional details, e.g. cabinet

Definitions

  • the application relates to the field of satellite communications, and in particular to a small satellite ground station.
  • Satellite communication gateway Gateway Station
  • satellite communication gateways are mainly for satellite communication services and rarely carry other functional loads. For example, Shula Thuraya plans to build a gateway station in Miyun District of Beijing and a gateway station built by Inmarsat in Hawaii.
  • a satellite differential reference station also known as a reference station.
  • the satellite differential positioning reference station is installed at a known point where the position has been accurately determined.
  • the station is equipped with a satellite positioning receiver and the user simultaneously performs a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) observation, and the receiver will receive a single point.
  • GNSS Global Navigation Satellite System
  • the result of the positioning is compared with the coordinates of the base station, and the real-time differential correction value is solved, and the differential correction value is transmitted to the nearby GNSS user in a broadcast or data link transmission manner to correct the GNSS positioning solution and improve the positioning accuracy of the user in the local range.
  • This method can improve the user's real-time single-point positioning accuracy to the meter level.
  • small satellite ground stations are independent, as satellite communication gateways or as satellite differential positioning reference stations.
  • the demand for sharing resources between users of different satellite systems is very strong; in addition, the use of a single function of an outdoor satellite facility land and power system also causes waste of land and power resources.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a small satellite ground station to solve the technical problem of single function of the small and medium satellite ground station in the prior art.
  • a small satellite ground station including an outdoor unit and an indoor unit, wherein the outdoor unit includes: a satellite antenna; and a plurality of receivers respectively connected to the satellite antenna and Implementing different satellite data communication functions; an asynchronous serial interface hub connecting the plurality of receivers through a plurality of asynchronous serial interfaces; the first communication device is respectively established with the plurality of receivers and the asynchronous serial interface hub a network connection, transmitting satellite data from the plurality of receivers to the indoor unit; and a first power supply device supplying power to the device inside the outdoor unit;
  • the indoor unit includes: an information processing device that processes satellite data from the plurality of receivers; and a second communication device that establishes a network connection with the first communication device and the information processing device, and receives the first Satellite data of the communication device is transmitted to the information processing device; and the second power device supplies power to the device inside the indoor unit.
  • the beneficial effects of the embodiments of the present application include: multiple receivers of the outdoor unit respectively receive communication data of different satellite systems, and multiple receivers are respectively connected to the asynchronous serial interface hub to transmit the received data to the information processing of the indoor unit
  • the device enables the small satellite ground station to have a variety of different satellite communication functions at the same time, and has been improved in terms of practicability and use efficiency, and the method of comprehensively utilizing multi-source data for system availability verification and redundant configuration is also The reliability and availability of satellite systems for users have been improved, and the utilization of satellite facilities and power systems has also increased.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the principle of a small satellite ground station provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the principle of a small satellite ground station provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an outdoor unit of a small satellite ground station provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • circuit refers to a conductive loop formed by at least one component or subcircuit by electrical or electromagnetic connection.
  • element or circuit When an element or circuit is referred to as “connected to” another element or the element / circuit is “connected” between the two means, it may be directly coupled or connected to the other element or Connections can be physical, logical, or a combination thereof.
  • an element when referred to as being “directly coupled” or “directly connected” to another element, it is meant that there are no intervening elements.
  • the outdoor unit of the small satellite ground station includes a plurality of receivers and an asynchronous serial interface hub, and the plurality of receivers are respectively used to implement the functions of the satellite communication gateway station and the differential positioning reference station, and the plurality of receivers
  • the outputs are respectively connected to the asynchronous serial interface hub through a serial interface, and the plurality of receivers and the asynchronous serial interface hub are in the same local area network, so that the information processing device of the indoor unit can simultaneously process the satellite communication data received by the plurality of receivers.
  • the small satellite ground station can have both a satellite communication gateway function and a satellite differential positioning base station function.
  • the outdoor unit and the indoor unit of the small satellite ground station in the embodiment of the present application can also form a wireless distributed system through the wireless router, the outdoor unit and the indoor unit are in the same local area network, and the indoor and outdoor units can also be in a construction environment that is far apart. Realize the function of the satellite ground station.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of a small satellite ground station including an outdoor unit 1 and an indoor unit 2, and an outdoor unit 1 including a satellite antenna 10, a receiver 11, an asynchronous serial interface, according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the number of receivers 11 is at least two, respectively, to achieve different satellite data communication functions, enabling small satellite ground stations to simultaneously undertake different satellite communication functions.
  • a plurality of receivers 11 are respectively connected to the satellite antenna 10 via a radio frequency feeder and receive data, and are respectively connected to the asynchronous serial interface hub 12 through a serial interface.
  • the asynchronous serial interface hub 12 and the receiver 11 respectively establish an Ethernet (Ethernet) connection with the first communication device 13, so that the asynchronous serial interface hub 12, the receiver 11 and the first communication device 13 are in the same local area network.
  • the first power supply device 14 supplies power to the above-mentioned devices inside the outdoor unit 1.
  • the first power supply device 14 is an external power supply (UPS) that is externally connected to 220V or 380V.
  • the outdoor unit 2 includes an information processing device 20, a second communication device 21, and a second power device 22.
  • the second communication device 21 establishes an Ethernet connection with the information processing device 20 and the first communication device 13 of the outdoor unit 1, thereby transmitting satellite data received by the plurality of receivers 11 to the information processing device 20 inside the indoor unit 2,
  • the information processing device 20 performs processing of a plurality of corresponding satellite communication data.
  • one of the receivers 11 receives text, voice, and data information of three types of satellite communication systems, such as Thuraya, Radio Determination Satellite Service (RDSS), and Orbital Communications Corporation (ORBCOMM), and
  • the satellite communication gateway function can be completed by transmitting a message or establishing a voice connection to a receiver of a satellite communication system such as Thuraya, Beidou RDSS, ORBCOMM, etc.; another receiver 11 can receive a Global Positioning System (GPS), Radio Navigation Satellite System (RNSS), Galileo satellite navigation system, GLONASS satellite navigation system, Satellite-Based Augmentation System (SBAS), quasi-zenith
  • GPS Global Positioning System
  • RNSS Radio Navigation Satellite System
  • Galileo satellite navigation system GLONASS satellite navigation system
  • SBAS Satellite-Based Augmentation System
  • the navigation message and the ranging observation value of the satellite navigation and positioning system such as the satellite system (Quasi-Zenith Satellite System, QZSS) are calculated by the information processing device 20, the
  • the information processing device 20 may be a standard server built inside the indoor unit 2, such as a Windows Server server, on which different satellite communication functions are implemented by deploying different WebService services.
  • the second power supply device 22 supplies power to the above-mentioned devices inside the indoor unit 2, for example, an external uninterruptible power supply (UPS) of 220V or 380V.
  • UPS uninterruptible power supply
  • the plurality of receivers of the outdoor unit respectively receive communication data of different satellite systems
  • the plurality of receivers are respectively connected to the asynchronous serial interface hub to transmit the received communication data to the information processing device of the indoor unit, thereby
  • the small satellite ground station can simultaneously have a variety of different satellite communication functions, and has been improved in terms of practicability and use efficiency, and comprehensively utilizing multi-source data for system availability verification and redundant configuration also improves the use of satellites by users. System reliability.
  • the use of the same satellite ground station to implement a variety of different satellite communication functions also contributes to the utilization of satellite facilities and power systems.
  • one receiver 11 is configured to receive text, voice, and data information of a satellite communication system
  • another receiver 11 is configured to receive navigation information, ranging observations, and the like of the satellite positioning system.
  • the small satellite ground station has both satellite communication gateway functions and satellite differential positioning reference stations. The construction efficiency of satellite ground stations and the utilization rate of satellite ground station construction resources have been improved.
  • the receiver for the satellite communication system may be a command type receiver, such as a Beidou command type receiver, and the command receiver can receive the positioning of other receivers under the jurisdiction, in addition to the functions of the ordinary receiver. Communication information, and send multicast and multicast information to the receivers under its jurisdiction, thereby implementing group management and centralized scheduling functions for sub-users.
  • the receiver for the satellite positioning system can be a geodetic GNSS receiver, and the geodetic GNSS receiver is suitable for scenes with high positioning accuracy such as precision geodesy and precision engineering measurement.
  • the outdoor unit is further equipped with a waterproof cabinet and an antenna fixture.
  • the plurality of receivers of the outdoor unit, the asynchronous serial interface hub, the first communication device and the first power supply device are integrated inside the waterproof cabinet.
  • the satellite antenna is mounted on the antenna fixing device, and the antenna fixing device is disposed outside the waterproof cabinet.
  • the antenna fixing device may be a columnar or rod of a metal material such as stainless steel, and is fixedly disposed beside the waterproof cabinet, so that the satellite antenna can pass through the feeder. Satellite signals are introduced into the waterproof cabinet and connected to multiple receivers. This protects the outdoor unit's equipment from outdoor rainy weather and humid environments.
  • a concrete base can be laid first to fix the waterproof cabinet and the antenna.
  • the external mains power is introduced from the concrete base to the first power supply inside the waterproof cabinet.
  • the antenna fixture can also be further fixedly attached to the railing or exterior wall of the outdoor area at the top of the building by fasteners, thereby making the antenna fixture more stable.
  • a communication connection may be established by using a feeder between the first communication device of the outdoor unit and the second communication device of the indoor unit.
  • the first communication device and the second communication device are wired Ethernet routers, and are configured.
  • the wired Ethernet router connects the receiver of the outdoor unit, the asynchronous serial interface hub, and the information processing device of the indoor unit to the same local area network, so that the information processing device can operate all the devices disposed in the outdoor unit based on the local area network connection.
  • the first communication device and the second communication device may also be wireless Ethernet routers, and the communication between the outdoor unit and the indoor unit is established by using the wireless network.
  • the wireless unit of the outdoor unit and the indoor unit can form a Wireless Distribution System (WDS).
  • WDS Wireless Distribution System
  • the two wireless routers can form the wireless distributed system by means of wireless bridging or wireless relay.
  • the wireless router of the indoor unit is generally used as the primary access point, and the wireless router of the outdoor unit is set to the relay mode or the bridge mode, so that the device of the outdoor unit is connected to the local area network of the indoor unit.
  • Wireless routers can have both wireless routing and Ethernet hub capabilities; they can also separate the functionality of wireless routers from Ethernet hubs for wireless signals and the stability of outdoor wired transmissions.
  • the first communication device of the outdoor unit includes a first wireless router and a first Ethernet hub, and the first wireless router is connected to a Wide Area Network (WAN) port of the first Ethernet hub through a feeder, and a receiver of the outdoor unit And the Ethernet port of the asynchronous serial interface hub is connected to the local area network (LAN) port of the first Ethernet hub through the feeder; the second communication device of the indoor unit includes the second wireless router and the second Ethernet hub, and is connected
  • WAN Wide Area Network
  • LAN local area network
  • the outdoor unit 1 includes a satellite antenna 10, a receiver 11, an asynchronous serial interface hub 12, a first wireless router 131, and a first Ethernet.
  • the indoor unit 2 includes an information processing device 20, a second wireless router 211, a second Ethernet hub 212, and a second power device 22.
  • the first wireless router 131 and the second wireless router 211 form a wireless distributed system such that the receiver 11, the asynchronous serial interface hub 12, the first Ethernet hub 132, the information processing device 20, and the second Ethernet hub 212 are in the same local area network.
  • the information processing device 20 can operate the receiver 11, the asynchronous serial interface hub 12, and the first Ethernet hub 132, etc. of the outdoor unit 2 based on the local area network connection.
  • the outdoor unit 1 and the indoor unit 2 are communicably connected by means of a radio frequency feeder, they may be disposed in the same building; if the wireless communication connection is adopted, the outdoor unit 1 and the indoor unit 2 may be deployed in the same building. They can also be set up in different buildings. At present, it is very difficult to build a small satellite ground station without infrastructure construction on a building that has been completed and put into use for a long time. In many buildings with strict management, construction restrictions are very large, and it is impossible to carry out large Scale wiring and concrete renovation. Therefore, the traditional satellite ground station construction method is not suitable for the construction environment of many satellite ground stations under current conditions.
  • the method of establishing a communication connection between the outdoor unit 1 and the indoor unit 2 by using a wireless distributed system can well solve the above problems, and does not need to re-execute a large amount of wiring in a building that has been put into use for a long time, according to At present, the signal strength of the industrial-grade wireless Ethernet transceiver can set the linear distance between the outdoor unit 1 and the indoor unit 2 within 500 meters, and the linear distance can be further improved with the advancement and development of related technologies. . Therefore, it is also possible to separately deploy the outdoor unit 1 and the indoor unit 2 in different buildings, for example, two buildings adjacent to each other (A building and B building).
  • the receiver 11 of the outdoor unit 1, the asynchronous serial interface hub 12, the first Ethernet hub 132 and the first power supply device 14 are integrated inside the waterproof cabinet, and the satellite antenna 10 is mounted on the antenna fixture And introducing a satellite signal into the waterproof cabinet through a feeder to connect with the plurality of receivers 11.
  • the first wireless router 131 is also mounted on the antenna fixture and connected to the first Ethernet hub 132 in the waterproof cabinet through the feeder.
  • the information processing device 20, the second Ethernet hub 212, and the second power device 22 of the indoor unit 2 are integrated in the service cabinet, and also to ensure the stability and reliability of wireless communication between the outdoor unit 1 and the indoor unit 2,
  • the second wireless router 211 is disposed outside the service cabinet, is introduced into the service cabinet through a feeder, and is connected to the second Ethernet hub 212.
  • a concrete base can be laid first, and the waterproof cabinet and antenna will be installed. Fixedly installed on the concrete base, the external mains power is introduced from the concrete base to the first power supply inside the waterproof cabinet.
  • the antenna fixture can also be further fixedly attached to the railing or exterior wall of the outdoor area at the top of the building by fasteners, thereby making the antenna fixture more stable.
  • the outdoor unit using the wireless distributed system is shown in Fig. 3.
  • the concrete base 30 is laid in the outdoor area at the top of the building, and the waterproof cabinet 31 and the antenna column 32 are fixedly mounted on the concrete base 30.
  • the antenna posts 32 are fixedly coupled to the rails 34 and the outer wall 35 of the outdoor top region by fasteners 33, respectively, to further enhance stability.
  • An antenna platform 36 is mounted on top of the antenna post 32, and the antenna platform 36 and the antenna post 32 are fixedly coupled by fasteners 33.
  • the satellite antenna 37 is fixedly mounted on the antenna platform 36 for transmitting and receiving satellite signals, and the satellite signals are introduced into the waterproof cabinet 31 through the RF feeder.
  • a crossbar 38 is also provided on the antenna post 32.
  • the crossbar 38 is typically disposed below the antenna platform 36 and is fixedly coupled to the antenna post 32 by fasteners 33.
  • the wireless router 39 is fixedly mounted on the crossbar 38 for forming a wireless distributed system with the wireless router of the indoor unit.
  • the wireless router 39 is introduced into the waterproof cabinet 31 through the feeder to connect with the Ethernet hub.
  • the antenna post 32, the antenna platform 36, the crossbar 38, and the fastener 33 may be made of a metal material such as stainless steel.
  • the outdoor unit and the indoor unit form a wireless distributed system through a wireless router, thereby implementing a method for constructing a distributed small satellite ground station.
  • Devices that are deployed in different locations of a building, or devices deployed in different buildings, are connected in the same LAN, and all devices are connected and interoperated in a LAN mode.
  • the construction method is suitable for deploying the multifunctional small-scale satellite ground station provided by the embodiment of the present application in a group of buildings that have been put into use, and can construct a small satellite ground station in a construction environment where the indoor unit and the outdoor unit are far apart, and improve The construction efficiency and flexibility of small satellite ground stations.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Astronomy & Astrophysics (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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Abstract

本申请提供了一种小型卫星地面站，包括室外单元和室内单元，其中，室外单元包括：卫星天线；多个接收机，分别与卫星天线通信连接并实现不同的卫星数据通信功能；异步串行接口集线器，通过多个异步串行接口分别连接多个接收机；第一通信设备，分别与多个接收机和异步串行接口集线器建立网络连接，将来自多个接收机的卫星数据传输至室内单元；第一电源设备，向室外单元内部的上述设备供电；室内单元包括：信息处理设备，对来自多个接收机的卫星数据进行处理；第二通信设备，与第一通信设备和信息处理设备建立网络连接，接收来自第一通信设备的卫星数据并传输至信息处理设备；第二电源设备，向室内单元内部的上述设备供电。

Description

小型卫星地面站
本申请要求了2017年4月5日提交的、申请号为201710218379.7、发明名称为“小型卫星地面站”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及卫星通信领域，尤其涉及一种小型卫星地面站。
背景技术
传统的卫星地面站有多种类型，其中小型卫星地面站一般只承担观测和中继等功能。一种最典型的小型卫星地面站就是卫星通信关口站(Gateway Station)，其功能是将卫星通信***的卫星信号与地面通信网络相连接，例如将卫星电话接入地面有线电话网络，或者将卫星宽带数据接入地面光纤网络，它完成卫星通信***信令协议的解释、转换和与地面网络的信息交换。这些卫星通信关口站主要是为卫星通信服务，很少承担其他功能载荷。例如舒拉亚Thuraya计划在北京密云区建设的关口站和Inmarsat在美国夏威夷建设的关口站。
另一种典型的小型卫星地面站是用于卫星差分定位基准站(Differential reference station)，又叫参考站。卫星差分定位基准站安装在位置已精确测定的已知点，站上配备一台卫星定位接收机和用户同时进行全球导航卫星***(Gobal Navigation Satellite System，GNSS)观测，接收机将得到的单点定位的结果与基准站坐标比较，求解出实时差分修正值，以广播或数据链传输方式将差分修正值传送至附近的GNSS用户，以修正其GNSS定位解，提高局部范围内用户的定位精度。利用这一方法可以将用户的实时单点定位精度提高到米级。
目前小型卫星地面站功能都是独立的，作为卫星通信关口站或者作为卫星差分定位基准站。当前多种卫星***并存的情况下，不同卫星***用户之间共用资源的需求非常旺盛；此外，一块室外卫星设施用地和电源***只完成单一功能也造成了用地和电源资源的浪费。
发明内容
有鉴于此，本申请实施例提供了一种小型卫星地面站，用以解决现有技术中小型 卫星地面站功能单一的技术问题。
根据本申请实施例的一个方面，提供了一种小型卫星地面站，包括室外单元和室内单元，其中，所述室外单元包括：卫星天线；多个接收机，分别与所述卫星天线通信连接并实现不同的卫星数据通信功能；异步串行接口集线器，通过多个异步串行接口分别连接所述多个接收机；第一通信设备，分别与所述多个接收机和异步串行接口集线器建立网络连接，将来自所述多个接收机的卫星数据传输至所述室内单元；第一电源设备，向所述室外单元内部的上述设备供电；
所述室内单元包括：信息处理设备，对来自所述多个接收机的卫星数据进行处理；第二通信设备，与所述第一通信设备和信息处理设备建立网络连接，接收来自所述第一通信设备的卫星数据并传输至所述信息处理设备；第二电源设备，向所述室内单元内部的上述设备供电。
本申请实施例的有益效果包括：室外单元的多个接收机分别接收不同的卫星***的通信数据，多个接收机分别连接至异步串行接口集线器将接收到的数据传输至室内单元的信息处理设备，从而使该小型卫星地面站可以同时具备多种不同的卫星通信功能，在实用性、使用效率等方面获得了提升，并且，综合利用多源数据进行***可用性验证、冗余配置的方式也提高了用户使用卫星***的可靠性和可用性，还提升了卫星设施用地和电源***的利用率。
附图说明
通过以下参照附图对本申请实施例的描述，本申请的上述以及其它目的、特征和优点将更为清楚，在附图中：
图1是本申请实施例提供的小型卫星地面站的原理示意图；
图2是本申请实施例提供的小型卫星地面站的原理示意图；
图3是本申请实施例提供的小型卫星地面站的室外单元的示意图。
具体实施方式
以下基于实施例对本申请进行描述，但是本申请并不仅仅限于这些实施例。在下文对本申请的细节描述中，详尽描述了一些特定的细节部分。对本领域技术人员来说没有这些细节部分的描述也可以完全理解本申请。为了避免混淆本申请的实质，公知的方法、过程、流程、元件和电路并没有详细叙述。
此外，本领域普通技术人员应当理解，在此提供的附图都是为了说明的目的，并且附图不一定是按比例绘制的。
同时，应当理解，在以下的描述中，“电路”是指由至少一个元件或子电路通过电气连接或电磁连接构成的导电回路。当称元件或电路“连接到”另一元件或称元件/电路“连接在”两个节点之间时，它可以是直接耦接或连接到另一元件或者可以存在中间元件，元件之间的连接可以是物理上的、逻辑上的、或者其结合。相反，当称元件“直接耦接到”或“直接连接到”另一元件时，意味着两者不存在中间元件。
除非上下文明确要求，否则整个说明书和权利要求书中的“包括”、“包含”等类似词语应当解释为包含的含义而不是排他或穷举的含义；也就是说，是“包括但不限于”的含义。
在本申请的描述中，需要理解的是，术语“第一”、“第二”等仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。此外，在本申请的描述中，除非另有说明，“多个”的含义是两个或两个以上。
本申请实施例提供的小型卫星地面站的室外单元包括多个接收机和一个异步串行接口集线器，多个接收机分别用来实现卫星通信关口站和差分定位基准站的功能，多个接收机的输出分别通过串行接口连接到异步串行接口集线器并且多个接收机和异步串行接口集线器处于同一局域网，使室内单元的信息处理设备可以同时处理多个接收机接收到的卫星通信数据，从而同时实现不同的卫星通信功能。该小型卫星地面站可以既具备卫星通信关口站功能，又具备卫星差分定位基准站功能。本申请实施例的小型卫星地面站的室外单元和室内单元还可以通过无线路由器形成一个无线分布式***，室外单元和室内单元处于同一局域网，室内和室外单元在相距很远的建设环境下也能够实现卫星地面站功能。
图1是本发明实施例提供的一种小型卫星地面站的原理框图，该小型卫星地面站，包括室外单元1和室内单元2，室外单元1包括卫星天线10，接收机11，异步串行接口集线器12，第一通信设备13和第一电源设备14。接收机11的数量至少是两个，分别实现不同的卫星数据通信功能，使小型卫星地面站能够同时承担不同的卫星通信功能。多个接收机11分别与卫星天线10通过射频馈线连接并接收数据，再分别通过串行接口连接至异步串行接口集线器12。异步串行接口集线器12、接收机11分别与第一通信设备13建立以太网(Ethernet)连接，使异步串行接口集线器12、接收机11和第一通信设备13处于同一局域网内。第一电源设备14为室外单元1内部的上述 设备供电，例如该第一电源设备14是外接220V或380V市电的不间断电源(Uninterruptible Power Supply，UPS)。
室外单元2包括信息处理设备20，第二通信设备21和第二电源设备22。第二通信设备21与信息处理设备20和室外单元1的第一通信设备13建立以太网连接，从而将多个接收机11接收到的卫星数据传输至室内单元2内部的信息处理设备20，由信息处理设备20完成多种相应的卫星通信数据的处理。例如，其中一个接收机11接收舒拉亚(Thuraya)、北斗卫星无线电测定业务(Radio Determination Satellite Service，RDSS)、轨道通信公司(ORBCOMM)等三类卫星通信***的电文、语音及数据信息，并可以根据需要向Thuraya、北斗RDSS、ORBCOMM等卫星通信***的接收机发送电文或建立语音连接，从而完成卫星通信关口站功能；另一个接收机11可以接收全球定位***(Global Positioning System，GPS)、北斗卫星无线电导航业务(Radio Navigation Satellite System，RNSS)、伽利略(GALILEO)卫星导航***、格洛纳斯(GLONASS)卫星导航***、星基增强***(Satellite-Based Augmentation System，SBAS)、准天顶卫星***(Quasi-Zenith Satellite System，QZSS)等卫星导航定位***的导航电文、测距观测值，由信息处理设备20进行定位计算，计算对应的差分修正值，或者进行网络载波相位差分技术(Real-time kinematic，RTK)计算，再广播计算出差分修正值，从而完成卫星差分定位基准站功能；同时或者单独的，根据接收到的来自上述卫星通信***或者卫星导航定位***的广播电文及信号质量估计值，信息处理设备20进行卫星***可用性验证、最佳通信信道选择、通信信道质量估计等数据分析处理工作。信息处理设备20可以是室内单元2内部架设的标准服务器，例如Windows Server服务器，在该服务器上通过部署不同的WebService服务来完成不同的卫星通信功能。第二电源设备22向室内单元2内部的上述设备供电，例如外接220V或380V市电的不间断电源(Uninterruptible Power Supply，UPS)。
本实施例中，室外单元的多个接收机分别接收不同卫星***的通信数据，多个接收机分别连接至异步串行接口集线器将接收到的通信数据传输至室内单元的信息处理设备，从而使该小型卫星地面站可以同时具备多种不同的卫星通信功能，在实用性、使用效率等方面得到了提升，并且综合利用多源数据进行***可用性验证、冗余配置的方式也提高了用户使用卫星***的可靠性。利用同一卫星地面站实现多种不同的卫星通信功能还有助于提升卫星设施用地和电源***的利用率。
在一个实施例中，一个接收机11用于接收卫星通信***的电文、语音及数据信 息，而另一个接收机11用于接收卫星定位***的导航电文、测距观测值等信息，此时该小型卫星地面站同时具备卫星通信关口站功能和卫星差分定位基准站功能。提高了卫星地面站的建设效率和卫星地面站建设资源的利用率。其中，用于卫星通信***的接收机可以是指挥型接收机，例如北斗指挥型接收机，指挥型接收机除了具有普通型接收机的功能外，还能接收所管辖的其他接收机的定位、通信信息，并向所管辖的接收机发送组播、通播信息，从而实现对子用户的分组管理和集中调度功能。用于卫星定位***的接收机可以是测地型GNSS接收机，测地型GNSS接收机适用于精密大地测量和精密工程测量等对定位精度要求较高的场景。
在一个实施例中，对于室外单元进一步配备防水机柜和天线固定装置。将室外单元的多个接收机，异步串行接口集线器，第一通信设备和第一电源设备集成在防水机柜内部。卫星天线被安装在天线固定装置上，天线固定装置设置在防水机柜外侧，该天线固定装置可以是不锈钢等金属材料的柱状或杆状物，固定设置在防水机柜的旁边，使卫星天线可以通过馈线将卫星信号引入防水机柜内部并与多个接收机连接。这样可以使室外单元的设备免受室外阴雨天气以及潮湿环境的影响。
为了使设置在室外的防水机柜和天线固定装置都更加稳固，在建筑物顶部室外区域部署室外单元时，例如在建筑物的屋顶或天台上，可以先铺设一个混凝土底座，将防水机柜和天线固定安装在混凝土底座上，外接的市电电源从混凝土底座引入到防水机柜内部的第一电源设备。天线固定装置还可以进一步通过紧固件与建筑物顶部室外区域的栏杆或者外墙固定连接，从而使天线固定装置变得更加稳固。
本申请实施例中，室外单元的第一通信设备和室内单元的第二通信设备之间可以采用馈线的方式建立通信连接，例如第一通信设备和第二通信设备是有线以太网路由器，通过配置该有线以太网路由器将室外单元的接收机、异步串行接口集线器和室内单元的信息处理设备接入同一局域网，这样信息处理设备就可以基于局域网连接操作所有设置在室外单元的设备。同理，第一通信设备和第二通信设备也可以是无线以太网路由器，利用无线网络建立室外单元和室内单元之间的通信。
当利用无线网络进行室外单元和室内单元的通信时，室外单元和室内单元的无线路由器可以形成无线分布式***(Wireless Distribution System，WDS)。两个无线路由器可以通过无线桥接或者无线中继的方式组成该无线分布式***。为了保持无线信号稳定，通常将室内单元的无线路由器作为主接入点，将室外单元的无线路由器设置为中继模式或者桥接模式，使室外单元的设备接入到室内单元的局域网内。无 线路由器可以同时具有无线路由和以太网集线器的功能；也可以为了无线信号以及室外有线传输的稳定，将无线路由和以太网集线器的功能相分离。此时，室外单元的第一通信设备包括第一无线路由器和第一以太网集线器，第一无线路由器通过馈线连接第一以太网集线器的广域网(Wide Area Network，WAN)口，室外单元的接收机和异步串行接口集线器的以太网口通过馈线与第一以太网集线器的局域网(Local Area Network，LAN)口连接；室内单元的第二通信设备包括第二无线路由器和第二以太网集线器，连接方式与室外单元相同，在此不再重复说明。采用这种无线分布式***的小型卫星地面站的原理框图如图2所示，室外单元1包括卫星天线10，接收机11，异步串行接口集线器12，第一无线路由器131，第一以太网集线器132和第一电源设备14；室内单元2包括信息处理设备20，第二无线路由器211，第二以太网集线器212和第二电源设备22。第一无线路由器131和第二无线路由器211形成无线分布式***，使接收机11，异步串行接口集线器12，第一以太网集线器132，信息处理设备20和第二以太网集线器212处于同一局域网内，信息处理设备20可以基于局域网连接操作室外单元2的接收机11，异步串行接口集线器12和第一以太网集线器132等设备。
室外单元1和室内单元2之间如果采用射频馈线的方式通信连接，可以被设置在同一建筑物内；如果采用无线方式通信连接，室外单元1和室内单元2既可以被部署在同一建筑物，还可以分别被设置在不同的建筑物内。目前，如果要在已经完成建设并已投入使用很久的建筑物上不进行基建施工而建设小型卫星地面站，难度非常大，在很多管理严格的建筑物内，施工限制非常多，不可能进行大规模的布线和混凝土改造。因此，传统的卫星地面站构建方法不适合当前条件下的很多卫星地面站的建造环境。本申请实施例中室外单元1和室内单元2之间采用无线分布式***建立通信连接的方式可以很好的解决以上问题，不需要在已投入使用很久的建筑物内重新进行大量的布线，按照目前工业级无线以太网收发器的信号强度，可以将室外单元1和室内单元2之间的直线距离设置在500米以内，而随着相关技术的进步和发展，该直线距离能够变得更远。因此，还可以把室外单元1和室内单元2分别部署在不同的建筑物，例如彼此相邻的两个建筑物(A建筑和B建筑)。
在一个实施例中，室外单元1的接收机11，异步串行接口集线器12，第一以太网集线器132和第一电源设备14的被集成在防水机柜内部，卫星天线10安装在天线固定装置上，通过馈线将卫星信号引入所述防水机柜内部与所述多个接收机11连接。 而为了保证室外单元1和室内单元2之间无线通信的稳定和可靠，将第一无线路由器131也安装在天线固定装置上，并通过馈线与防水机柜内的第一以太网集线器132连接。而室内单元2的信息处理设备20、第二以太网集线器212和第二电源设备22被集成在服务机柜内，同样为了保证室外单元1和室内单元2之间无线通信的稳定和可靠，将第二无线路由器211设置在服务机柜外部，通过馈线引入该服务机柜并与第二以太网集线器212连接。
为了使设置在室外的防水机柜和天线固定装置都更加稳固，在建筑物顶部室外区域部署室外单元时，例如在建筑物的屋顶或天台上，可以在先铺设一个混凝土底座，将防水机柜和天线固定安装在混凝土底座上，外接的市电电源从混凝土底座引入到防水机柜内部的第一电源设备。天线固定装置还可以进一步通过紧固件与建筑物顶部室外区域的栏杆或者外墙固定连接，从而使天线固定装置变得更加稳固。
采用无线分布式***的室外单元如图3所示，在建筑物顶部室外区域铺设混凝土底座30，防水机柜31和天线立柱32固定安装在混凝土底座30上。天线立柱32通过紧固件33分别与室外顶部区域的栏杆34和外墙35固定连接，以进一步增强稳定性。在天线立柱32的顶部安装有天线平台36，天线平台36与天线立柱32通过紧固件33固定连接。卫星天线37固定安装在天线平台36上，用于收发卫星信号，通过射频馈线将卫星信号引入防水机柜31内部。在天线立柱32还设有横杆38，横杆38通常被设置在天线平台36下方并通过紧固件33与天线立柱32固定连接。无线路由器39固定安装在横杆38上，用于与室内单元的无线路由器组成无线分布式***，无线路由器39通过馈线引入防水机柜31内部与以太网集线器连接。其中，天线立柱32、天线平台36、横杆38和紧固件33可以由不锈钢等金属材料制成。
本实施例中，室外单元和室内单元通过无线路由器组成无线分布式***，从而实现了分布式小型卫星地面站的构建方法。将部署在建筑物不同位置的设备，或者部署在不同建筑物的设备连接在同一个局域网内，所有设备以局域网方式进行连接和互操作。这种构建方法适用于在已投入使用的一组建筑物部署本申请实施例提供的多功能小型卫星地面站，可以在室内单元和室外单元相距较远的建设环境下构建小型卫星地面站，提高了小型卫星地面站的建设效率和灵活性。
以上所述仅为本申请的优选实施例，并不用于限制本申请，对于本领域技术人员而言，本申请可以有各种改动和变化。凡在本申请的精神和原理之内所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本申请的保护范围之内。

Claims (13)

  1. 一种小型卫星地面站，其特征在于，包括室外单元和室内单元，其中，所述室外单元包括：
    卫星天线；
    多个接收机，分别与所述卫星天线通信连接并实现不同的卫星数据通信功能；
    异步串行接口集线器，通过多个异步串行接口分别连接所述多个接收机；
    第一通信设备，分别与所述多个接收机和异步串行接口集线器建立网络连接，将来自所述多个接收机的卫星数据传输至所述室内单元；
    第一电源设备，向所述室外单元内部的上述设备供电；
    所述室内单元包括：
    信息处理设备，对来自所述多个接收机的卫星数据进行处理；
    第二通信设备，与所述第一通信设备和信息处理设备建立网络连接，接收来自所述第一通信设备的卫星数据并传输至所述信息处理设备；
    第二电源设备，向所述室内单元内部的上述设备供电。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的小型卫星地面站，其特征在于，所述多个接收机包括：
    用于卫星通信关口站的第一接收机和用于卫星差分定位基准站的第二接收机。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的小型卫星地面站，其特征在于，所述第一接收机是指挥型接收机，所述第二接收机是测地型GNSS接收机。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的小型卫星地面站，其特征在于，所述第一接收机用于接收Thuraya、北斗RDSS和ORBCOMM三种卫星通信***的电文、语音和数据信息，并向Thuraya、北斗RDSS和ORBCOMM三种卫星通信***的接收机发送电文或建立语音连接。
  5. 根据权利要求2所述的小型卫星地面站，其特征在于，所述第二接收机用于接收GPS、北斗RNSS、GALILEO卫星导航***、GLONASS卫星导航***、SBAS和QZSS中的多种卫星导航定位***的导航电文和测距观测值。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的小型卫星地面站，其特征在于，所述室外单元还包括防水机柜和天线固定装置；
    所述多个接收机，异步串行接口集线器，第一通信设备和第一电源设备集成在所述防水机柜内部；所述天线固定装置设置在所述防水机柜外侧；所述卫星天线安装在所述天线固定装置上，并通过馈线将卫星信号引入所述防水机柜内部与所述多个接收 机连接。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的小型卫星地面站，其特征在于，所述第一通信设备与第二通信设备之间采用馈线连接，或者，所述第一通信设备与第二通信设备之间采用无线通信连接。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的小型卫星地面站，其特征在于，
    当所述第一通信设备与第二通信设备采用无线通信连接时，所述第一通信设备包括第一无线路由器，第二通信设备包括第二无线路由器；所述第一无线路由器和第二无线路由器形成无线分布式***，将所述室外单元和室内单元覆盖在同一局域网内。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的小型卫星地面站，其特征在于，
    所述室外单元还包括防水机柜和天线固定装置；
    所述多个接收机，异步串行接口集线器和第一电源设备集成在所述防水机柜内部；所述天线固定装置设置在所述防水机柜外侧；所述卫星天线安装在所述天线固定装置上，并通过馈线将卫星信号引入所述防水机柜内部与所述多个接收机连接；所述第一无线路由器安装在所述天线固定装置上，并通过馈线引入所述防水机柜内部与所述多个接收机和异步串行接口集线器建立通信连接；
    所述室内单元还包括服务机柜；
    所述信息处理设备和第二电源设备被集成在所述服务机柜内部，所述第二无线路由器设置在所述服务机柜外部，通过馈线引入所述服务机柜与所述信息处理设备建立通信连接。
  10. 根据权利要求6或9所述的小型卫星地面站，其特征在于，所述防水机柜和天线固定装置被固定安装在建筑物顶部室外区域铺设的混凝土底座上，所述天线固定装置通过紧固件与所述建筑物顶部室外区域的栏杆和/或外墙固定连接。
  11. 根据权利要求9所述的小型卫星地面站，其特征在于，所述天线固定装置包括天线立柱、天线平台和横杆；所述防水机柜和天线立柱被固定安装在混凝土底座上，所述天线立柱通过紧固件分别与室外顶部区域的栏杆和外墙固定连接；所述天线平台用于安装卫星天线，通过紧固件与天线立柱固定连接；所述横杆用于安装无线路由器，通过紧固件与天线立柱固定连接。
  12. 根据权利要求8所述的小型卫星地面站，其特征在于，所述室内单元和室内单元之间的直线距离小于或等于500米。
  13. 根据权利要求8所述的小型卫星地面站，其特征在于，所述室外单元被部署 在第一建筑物，所述室内单元被部署在第二建筑物。
PCT/CN2018/080658 2017-04-05 2018-03-27 小型卫星地面站 WO2018184489A1 (zh)

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